title: Mucuna pruriens reduces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in Parkinsonian mice model.
abstract: Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disease found in aged peoples. Plentiful studies are being conducted to find a suitable and effective cure for this disease giving special impetus on use of herbal plants. The study aimed at investigating the effect of ethanolic extract of Mucuna pruriens (Mp) on level of nitric oxide (NO) in paraquat (PQ) induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model and its subsequent contribution to lipid peroxidation. Twenty four Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups; Control, PQ and PQ+Mp. PQ doses were given intraperitoneally, twice in a week and oral dose of ethanolic extract of Mp seed was given for 9 weeks. Nitrite content and lipid peroxidation was measured in all treated groups along with respective controls. RNA was isolated from the nigrostriatal tissue of control and the treated mice and was reverse transcribed into cDNA. PCR was performed to amplify iNOS mRNA and western blot analysis was performed to check its protein level. We had also perfused the mice in all treated group and performed Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and iNOS immunoreactivity in substantia nigra region of mice brain. PQ-treatment increased nitrite content, expression of iNOS and lipid peroxidation compared to respective controls. Mp treatment resulted in a significant attenuation of iNOS expression, nitrite content and lipid peroxidation demonstrating that it reduces nitric oxide in PQ-induced Parkinson's disease. Interestingly; we also observed that mRNA, protein expression and immunoreactivity of iNOS was significantly decreased after Mp treatment and TH immunoreactivity was significantly improved after the treatment of Mp. Our results demonstrated that Mp protects the dopaminergic neurons from the NO injury in substantia nigra.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address: satyndra_yadav@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Satyndra Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address: raibiochem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sachchida Nand
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India. Electronic address: suryasinghbhu16@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Surya Pratap
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D031299:Mucuna / Q000737:chemistry*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010269:Paraquat; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000523:psychology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012313:RNA; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D010269:Paraquat
keywords: Dopaminergic neurons; Immunoreactivity; Intraperitoneally; Lipid peroxidation; Nitric oxide