title: Intra- and inter-rater reliability of isometric shoulder extensor and internal rotator strength measurements performed using a hand-held dynamometer.
abstract: [Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to establish the intra- and inter-rater reliability of measurement of extensor strength in the maximum shoulder abducted position and internal rotator strength in the 90° abducted and the 90° external rotated position using a hand-held dynamometer. [Subjects and Methods] Twelve healthy volunteers (12 male; mean ± SD: age 19.0 ± 1.1 years) participated in the study. The examiners were two students who had nonclinical experience with a hand-held dynamometer measurement. The examiners and participants were blinded to measurement results by the recorder. Participants in the prone position were instructed to hold the contraction against the ground reaction force, and peak isometric force was recorded using the hand-held dynamometer on the floor. Reliability was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients. [Results] The intra- and inter-rater reliability data were found to be "almost perfect". [Conclusion] This study investigated intra- and inter-rater reliability and reveald high reliability. Thus, the measurement method used in the present study can evaluate muscle strength by a simple measurement technique.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan; Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Awatani
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan; Faculty of Physical Education, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuhiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Morikita
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nariai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sports Science, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Well-being, Kansai University, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koshiba
keywords: Measurement error; Prone; Shoulder abduction