title: The Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 Defines Three Antigen-Experienced CD8 T Cell Subsets with Distinct Roles in Immune Surveillance and Homeostasis.
abstract: Infections induce pathogen-specific T cell differentiation into diverse effectors (Teff) that give rise to memory (Tmem) subsets. The cell-fate decisions and lineage relationships that underlie these transitions are poorly understood. Here, we found that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 identifies three distinct CD8+Teff and Tmem subsets. Classical central (Tcm) and effector memory (Tem) cells and their corresponding Teff precursors were CX3CR1-and CX3CR1high, respectively. Viral infection also induced a numerically stable CX3CR1intsubset that represented ∼15% of blood-borne Tmem cells. CX3CR1intTmem cells underwent more frequent homeostatic divisions than other Tmem subsets and not only self-renewed, but also contributed to the expanding CX3CR1-Tcm pool. Both Tcm and CX3CR1intcells homed to lymph nodes, but CX3CR1intcells, and not Tem cells, predominantly surveyed peripheral tissues. As CX3CR1intTmem cells present unique phenotypic, homeostatic, and migratory properties, we designate this subset peripheral memory (tpm) cells and propose that tpm cells are chiefly responsible for the global surveillance of non-lymphoid tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: E Ashley
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Moseman
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Loughhead
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Anthonie J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Zwijnenburg
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address: uva@hms.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Ulrich H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: von Andrian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D002469:Cell Separation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C471885:Cx3cr1 protein, mouse; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine