title: Association between iron level, glucose impairment and increased DNA damage during pregnancy.
abstract: Elevated circulating ferritin has been reported to increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). When high ferritin translates into high iron stores, iron excess is also a condition leading to free radical damage. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between oxidative stress (OS) induced by iron status and GDM risk in non iron-supplemented pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a pilot observational study conducted on 93 non-anemic pregnant women. Iron status was assessed at the first trimester of gestation. Blood sampling was done at 24-28 weeks' gestation for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and biological markers of oxidative damage tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in DNA damage was found in patients who developed GDM. Women with elevated DNA damage had a six-fold increased risk of developing GDM (Exp (B)=6.851, P=0.038; 95% CI [1.108-42.375]). The serum ferritin levels at first trimester were significantly correlated to lipid peroxidation (rho=0.24, p=0.012). The stratified analysis suggests that ferritin is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative stress (OS) and glucose intolerance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate ferritin levels due to iron intake without iron-supplement, at early pregnancy is a modifying factor for the correlation of oxidative damage and glucose intolerance in pregnant women. Larger studies to evaluate the risk of food iron intake induced increased oxidative damage in offspring are warranted to propose nutrition advice regarding iron intake in women with a high risk of GDM.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Beirut, Lebanon; Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Salam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zein
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rachidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shami
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Iman
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sharara
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Bahman hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Khawla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheikh-Ali
authors.affiliation: Plateforme de radioactivité, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Sophie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gauchez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France; INSERM, U1055, France; Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute (BIG), CEA-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moulis
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hôpital Foch, University Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 40 rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ayoubi
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Museum, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salameh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioenergetic Fundamental and Applied (LBFA), University Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble cedex 9, France; Plateforme de radioactivité, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, CHU, Université Grenoble Alpes, CS 40700, 38058 Grenoble cedex 9, France. Electronic address: isabelle.hininger@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hininger-Favier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000235:genetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron
keywords: DNA damage; Ferritin; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Iron; Lipid peroxidation; Oxidative stress