title: Comparison of oscillatory activity in subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease and dystonia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been successfully used to treat both Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia. Local field potentials (LFPs) recorded from the STN of PD patients demonstrate prominent beta frequency band activity. It is unclear whether such activity occurs in the STN in dystonia, and, if not, whether dystonia has another distinctive neural population activity in the STN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with PD, and eight patients with dystonia underwent DBS electrode implantation targeting the STN. Seven dystonia patients were off medication and one was on aripiprazole and clonazepam. LFPs were recorded from the DBS electrodes in PD in the on/off medication states and in dystonia. Power spectra and temporal dynamics measured by the with Lempel-Ziv complexity of the LFPs were compared among these states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Normalised power spectra and Lempel-Ziv complexity of subthalamic LFPs differed between dystonia off and PD on/off, and between PD off and on over the low frequency, beta and high gamma bands. Patients with dystonia and off medication had lower beta power but higher low frequency and high gamma power than PD. Spectral power in the low beta frequency (11-20Hz) range was attenuated in medicated PD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that dystonia and PD are characterized by different patterns of oscillatory activities even within the same nucleus, and exaggerated beta activity may relate to hypo-dopaminergic status.
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Keling Road, SND, Suzhou 215163, China.|MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13TH, UK.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xinyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian-Tan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan West Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian-Tan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, 6 Tiantan West Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
authors.forename: Keyoumars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashkan
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foltynie
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limousin
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience & Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
authors.forename: Ludvic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zrinzo
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DU, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX39DU, UK.
authors.forename: Tipu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX13TH, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Keling Road, SND, Suzhou 215163, China.
authors.forename: Shouyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D058256:Brain Waves / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D010507:Periodicity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Dystonia; Oscillation; Parkinson's disease; Subthalamic nucleus