title: Systematics ofEcnomiohyla tuberculosawith the description of a new species and comments on the taxonomy ofTrachycephalus typhonius(Anura, Hylidae).
abstract: Ecnomiohyla tuberculosais an Amazonian hylid of uncertain phylogenetic position. Herein DNA sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear genes are used to determine its phylogenetic relationships. New sequences and external morphology ofTrachycephalus typhoniusare also analyzed to assess the status of Ecuadorian and Peruvian populations. The phylogeny shows unequivocally thatEcnomiohyla tuberculosais nested within the genusTepuihyla, tribe Lophiohylini. This position was unexpected because the remaining species ofEcnomiohylabelong to the tribe Hylini. To solve the paraphyly of the genusEcnomiohyla,Ecnomiohyla tuberculosais transferred to the genusTepuihyla. Comparisons of DNA sequences, external morphology, and advertisement calls between populations ofEcnomiohyla tuberculosafrom Ecuador and Peru indicate that the Peruvian population represents an undescribed species. The new species is described and a species account is provided forEcnomiohyla tuberculosa.Trachycephalus typhoniusis paraphyletic relative toTrachycephalus cunauaru,Trachycephalus hadroceps, andTrachycephalus resinifictrix. The phylogenetic position of populations from western Ecuador indicates that they represent a species separate fromTrachycephalus typhoniussensu stricto. We resurrect the nameHyla quadrangulum(Trachycephalus quadrangulumcomb. n.) for those populations. Amazonian populations of "Trachycephalus typhonius" from Ecuador and Peru are genetically and morphologically distinct fromTrachycephalus typhoniussensu strictoand are conspecific with the holotype ofHyla macrotis. Therefore, we also resurrectHyla macrotis, a decision that results inTrachycephalus macrotiscomb. n.
authors.affiliation: Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Santiago R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ron
authors.affiliation: Museo de Zoología, Escuela de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17-01-2184, Quito, Ecuador; División de Herpetología-Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Santa Rita N˚105 Of. 202, Urb. Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Perú.
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Venegas
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biogeografía, Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, CP 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México; Current Address: IKIAM, Universidad Regional Amazónica, km 7 vía Muyuna, Tena, Ecuador; Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Sección de Vertebrados, División de Herpetología, calle Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: H Mauricio
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ortega-Andrade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Investigación en Biodiversidad Amazónica, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP), Av. Quiñones Km 2.5, Iquitos, Perú; Current Address: Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS. Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giussepe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gagliardi-Urrutia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Colorado State University, 1878 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Salerno
keywords: Advertisement call; Amazon basin; Ecuador; Lophiohylini; Peru; Tepuihyla; biodiversity; phylogeny