title: Closed reduction and fluoroscopic-assisted percutaneous pinning of 42 physeal fractures in 37 dogs and 4 cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report complications and clinical outcome of dogs and cats that underwent fluoroscopic-assisted percutaneous pinning (FAPP) of physeal fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned dogs (n = 37) and cats (n = 4).
  
  
  METHODS
  Records (August 2007-August 2014) of physeal fractures treated with FAPP in 3 hospitals were evaluated. Data collected included signalment, fracture characteristics (etiology, location, duration, Salter-Harris classification, preoperative and postoperative displacement), surgical information (implant size, surgical duration), and outcome assessment information (functional outcome, radiographic outcome, and complications).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of animals (92%) were classified as full functional outcome. No significant predictors of functional outcome were identified. The overall complication rate was 15% (n = 6). Elective pin removal rate was 41% (n = 17). Goniometry and limb circumference measurements of the affected and contralateral limbs were not significantly different in dogs for which measurements were obtained. Seventeen of 18 animals (16 dogs, 2 cats) measured had bone length changes on follow-up radiographs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FAPP is associated with an excellent functional outcome in a narrow selection of fracture configurations, specifically those with minimal displacement and for which anatomical alignment can be achieved with closed reduction.
authors.affiliation: Utah Veterinary Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Boekhout-Ta
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Stanley E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Georgia Veterinary Specialists, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.affiliation: Department for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000662:veterinary*; D002415:Cats / Q000293:injuries*; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D005431:Florida; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000662:veterinary; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000662:veterinary*; D005845:Georgia; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome