title: Suboptimal Weight Loss and Weight Regain after Gastric Bypass Surgery-Postoperative Status of Energy Intake, Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Psychometrics.
abstract: Suboptimal weight loss (SWL) and weight regain (WR) after gastric bypass surgery (GB) remains poorly understood.
  
  
  
  This study aims to compare GB patients experiencing SWL or significant WR (SigWR) with successful controls, regarding postoperative food intake, eating behavior, physical activity (PA), and psychometrics.
  
  
  
  Forty-nine patients with >1 year post-surgery were classified as either experiencing SWL (excess body weight loss, EWL, <50%, n = 22) or SigWR (total weight regain ≥15%, n = 38), with respective control groups. Energy intake (EI) was measured with a Food Frequency Questionnaire, eating behavior using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire, and PA using both SenseWear Armbands and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Eating disorders, depression, and quality of life (QoL) were measured using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory II, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life, respectively.
  
  
  
  EI, macronutrient distribution, and meal frequency were similar among groups. However, disinhibited eating behavior score was higher, while most subcategories from IWQOL were significantly lower in both SWL and SigWR groups compared with their respective controls. PA was significantly lower in the SWL and SigWR groups compared with the respective controls. There were no differences between groups regarding depression.
  
  
  
  Lower PA levels, disordered eating behavior and lower QoL are associated with unsuccessful weigh loss outcome after GB surgery. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the potential causal relationship between the previously described variables and SWL/SigWR after GB.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital-Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amundsen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital-Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030, Trondheim, Norway.|Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strømmen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Obesity Research (ObeCe), Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital-Trondheim University Hospital, Prinsesse Kristinas gate 3, 7030, Trondheim, Norway. catia.martins@ntnu.no.|Obesity Research Group, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. catia.martins@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D011594:Psychometrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Eating behavior; Energy intake; Gastric bypass; Morbid obesity; Physical activity; Suboptimal weight loss; Weight regain