title: Evaluation of genetic diversity ofClinacanthus nutans(Acanthaceaea) using RAPD, ISSR and RAMP markers.
abstract: Three polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were compared to analyse the genetic diversity ofClinacanthus nutanseight populations in the northern region of Peninsular Malaysia. The PCR techniques were random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acids (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphisms (RAMP). Leaf genomic DNA was PCR amplified using 17 RAPD, 8 ISSR and 136 RAMP primers . However, only 10 RAPD primers, 5 ISSR primers and 37 RAMP primers produced reproducible bands. The results were evaluated for polymorphic information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP). The RAMP marker was the most useful marker compared to RAPD and ISSR markers because it showed the highest average value of PIC (0.25), MI (11.36) and RP (2.86). The genetic diversity showed a high percentage of polymorphism at the species level compared to the population level. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance revealed that the genetic diversity was higher within populations, as compared to among populations ofC. nutans. From the results, the RAMP technique was recommended for the analysis of genetic diversity ofC. nutans.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang Malaysia.
authors.forename: Noor Zafirah
authors.initials: NZ
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hasni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arsad
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammed Razip
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Samian
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Hafiz
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Ab Majid
authors.affiliation: Central Drug Research Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Razak
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hamdan
keywords: Clinacanthus nutans; Genetic diversity; ISSR; RAMP; RAPD