title: Elevated circulatingadenosine deaminase activity in women with preeclampsia: association with pro-inflammatory cytokine production and uric acid levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preeclampsia is a specific disorder of human pregnancy that is associated with hyperuricemia and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme present in all human tissues, and is considered an indicator of cellular inflammation. In the present study we assess whether adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity is altered in women with preeclampsia (PE) and contributes to elevated levels of uric acid and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
  
  
  METHODS
  The population studied consisted of 60 women with PE, 30 normotensive pregnant women (NT) and 20 non-pregnant women (NP). Uric acid concentration and ADA activity were determined in the serum. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and evaluated for intracellular nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB) levels and for endogenous tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production. The data were evaluated with parametric or non-parametric tests with significance set at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ADA levels were higher in the PE group compared with the NT and NP groups (P<0.001). A positive correlation between ADA and uric acid levels was identified in women with PE (P<0.001). Endogenous production of IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as intracellular NF-κB levels, were higher in PBMCs from the PE group than from NT and NP women (P<0.01) and correlated with the ADA concentration in preeclamptic women (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An elevation in ADA activity in women with PE may contribute to their increased levels of uric acid and pro-inflammatory immune activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witkin
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Bannwart-Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Salete
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romão-Veiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera Therezinha M
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Peraçoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: peracoli@ibb.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Terezinha
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Peraçoli
mesh_terms: D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014527:Uric Acid; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase
keywords: Adenosine deaminase; IL-1β; NF-kB; Preeclampsia; TNF-α; Uric acid