title: Biomechanical Assessment of Providence Nighttime Brace for the Treatment of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
abstract: Biomechanical study of the Providence brace for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
  
  
  
  To model and assess the effectiveness of Providence nighttime brace.
  
  
  
  Providence nighttime brace is an alternative to traditional daytime thoracolumbosacral orthosis for the treatment of moderate scoliotic deformities. It applies three-point pressure to reduce scoliotic curves. The biomechanics of the supine position and Providence brace is still poorly understood.
  
  
  
  Eighteen patients with AIS were recruited at our institution. For each patient, a personalized finite element model (FEM) of the trunk was created. The spine, rib cage, and pelvis geometry was acquired using simultaneous biplanar low-dose radiographs (EOS). The trunk surface was acquired using a three-dimensional surface topography scanner. The interior surface of each patient's Providence brace was digitized and used to generate an FEM of the brace. Pressures at the brace/skin interface were measured using pressure sensors, and the average pressure distribution was computed. The standing to supine transition and brace installation were computationally simulated.
  
  
  
  Simulated standing to supine position induced an average curve correction of 45% and 48% for thoracic and lumbar curves, while adding the brace resulted in an average correction of 62% and 64% (vs. real in-brace correction of 65% and 70%). Simulated pressures had the same distribution as measured ones. Bending moments on apical vertebrae were mostly annulled by the positioning in the supine position, and further overcorrected on average by 10% to 13%, but in the opposite direction.
  
  
  
  The supine position is responsible for the major part of coronal curve correction, while the brace itself plays a complementary role. Bending moments induced by the brace generated a rebalancing of pressure on the growth plates, which could help reduce the asymmetric growth of the vertebrae.
  
  
  
  Level II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Amjad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sattout
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clin
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cobetto
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Labelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Downtown Station, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada. Electronic address: carl-eric.aubin@polymtl.ca.
authors.forename: Carl-Eric
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Aubin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001915:Braces; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007738:Kyphosis / Q000628:therapy; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000628:therapy*; D013131:Spine
keywords: Biomechanics; Finite element modeling; Nighttime brace; Providence brace; Scoliosis