title: Agglomeration of celecoxib by quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method without stabilizer: effect of good solvent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present research is to investigate the feasibility of agglomeration of crystals by the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method without using a stabilizer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two solvent systems comprising a solvent and an antisolvent (water) were used to prepare celecoxib agglomerates. To this end, seven solvents including propanol, methyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, butanol, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and pentanol were examined. The agglomerates were evaluated by micromeritic properties (e.g., size, density, flowability), yield, drug physical state, friability, and dissolution behavior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study the clear trend was observed experimentally in the agglomerate properties as a function of physical properties of the solvent such as miscibility with water. Solvents with high water miscibility (25% v/v) resulted in sticky and hollow particles, while solvents with low water miscibility (3%v/v) led to the formation of agglomerates with low strength. However, the agglomerates made from the solvents with intermediate water miscibility (10% v/v), may reflect a greater integrity of the agglomerates regarding yield and strength.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study offer a useful starting point for a conceptual framework to guide the selection of solvent systems for the quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method without using a stabilizer.
authors.affiliation: a Drug Applied Research Center and School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maghsoodi
authors.affiliation: a Drug Applied Research Center and School of Pharmacy , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.|b Department of Life Sciences , University of Sussex , Brighton , UK.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nokhodchi
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000068579:Celecoxib / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004655:Emulsions; D005079:Excipients; D012997:Solvents; D000068579:Celecoxib
keywords: Celecoxib; good solvent; quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method