title: Engaging parents of children with and without asthma in smoking-specific parenting: results from a 3-year Randomized Controlled Trial evaluation.
abstract: The present study evaluated long-term effects of a home-based smoking prevention program targeting smoking-specific parenting in families with children with and without asthma. A total of 1398 non-smoking children (mean age 10.1) participated, of which 197 (14.1%) were diagnosed with asthma. Families were blinded to group assignment. The intervention group (n = 684) received booklets with assignments that actively encouraged parents to engage in smoking-specific parenting strategies. Control families (n = 714) received booklets containing basic information about youth smoking. Latent growth curve modeling was used to calculate intercepts and slopes to examine whether there was change in the different parenting aspects over the study period. Regression analyses were used to examine whether a possible change was different for intervention and control condition families with and without a child with asthma. For those smoking-specific parenting aspects that changed over time, families in the intervention and control condition increased similarly. Families with a child with asthma did not engage in parenting at higher levels due to the intervention program than parents of non-asthmatic children. This prevention program did not affect smoking-specific parenting in the Netherlands. Future prevention research could focus on other risk factors for smoking initiation among adolescents with asthma.
  
  
  
  Netherlands Trial Register NTR1465.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands lindaringlever@gmail.com.|Research Centre for Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ringlever
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiemstra
authors.affiliation: Developmental Psychopathology, Utrecht University and Trimbos Institute: Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addicition, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rutger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: C M E Engels
authors.affiliation: Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and.
authors.forename: Onno
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: C P van Schayck
authors.affiliation: Department Research & Development of Pluryn, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D004505:Education, Nonprofessional / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention / Q000379:methods*