title: The genomic landscape of rapid repeated evolutionary adaptation to toxic pollution in wild fish.
abstract: Atlantic killifish populations have rapidly adapted to normally lethal levels of pollution in four urban estuaries. Through analysis of 384 whole killifish genome sequences and comparative transcriptomics in four pairs of sensitive and tolerant populations, we identify the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-based signaling pathway as a shared target of selection. This suggests evolutionary constraint on adaptive solutions to complex toxicant mixtures at each site. However, distinct molecular variants apparently contribute to adaptive pathway modification among tolerant populations. Selection also targets other toxicity-mediating genes and genes of connected signaling pathways; this indicates complex tolerance phenotypes and potentially compensatory adaptations. Molecular changes are consistent with selection on standing genetic variation. In killifish, high nucleotide diversity has likely been a crucial substrate for selective sweeps to propel rapid adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Noah M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
authors.forename: Dina A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Proestou
authors.affiliation: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
authors.forename: Wesley C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Colbourne
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.|School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.|Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Sibel I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Karchner
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.|Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
authors.forename: Marjorie F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Oleksiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. awhitehead@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Whitehead
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D063366:Estuaries; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D023781:Fundulidae / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D023281:Genomics; D010641:Phenotype; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors; D059467:Transcriptome; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1