title: Nerve Transfer in Delayed Obstetrical Palsy Repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When root avulsions are detected in children suffering from obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), neurotization procedures of different nerve trunks are commonly applied in primary brachial plexus repair, to connect distally the nerves of the upper limbs using healthy nerve structures. This article aims to outline our experience of neurotization procedures in OBPP, which involves nerve transfers in the event of delayed repair, when a primary repair has not occurred or has failed. In addition, we propose the opportunity for late repair, focusing on extending the time limit for nerve surgery beyond that which is usually recommended. Although, according to different authors, the time limit is still unclear, it is generally estimated that nerve repair should take place within the first months of life. In fact, microsurgical repair of OBPP is the technique of choice for young children with the condition who would otherwise have an unfavorable outcome. However, in certain cases the recovery process is not clearly defined so not all the patients are direct candidates for primary nerve surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the period spanning January 2005 through January 2011, among a group of 105 patients suffering from OBPP, ranging from 1 month to 7 years of age, the authors have identified a group of 32 partially recovered patients. All these patients underwent selective neurotization surgery, which was performed in a period ranging from 5 months to 6.6 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Late neurotization of muscular groups achieved considerable functional recovery in these patients, who presented with reduced motor function during early childhood. The said patients, with the exception of five, would initially have avoided surgery because they had not met the criteria for nerve surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have concluded that the execution of late nerve surgical procedures can be effective in children affected by OBPP.
authors.affiliation: Microsurgery and Hand Surgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sénès
authors.affiliation: Microsurgery and Hand Surgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Nunzio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.affiliation: Microsurgery and Hand Surgery Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Jacopo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sénès
keywords: delayed nerve repair; nerve transfer; neurotization; obstetrical brachial plexus palsy