title: Research on early-warning index of the spatial temperature field in concrete dams.
abstract: Warning indicators of the dam body's temperature are required for the real-time monitoring of the service conditions of concrete dams to ensure safety and normal operations. Warnings theories are traditionally targeted at a single point which have limitations, and the scientific warning theories on global behavior of the temperature field are non-existent. In this paper, first, in 3D space, the behavior of temperature field has regional dissimilarity. Through the Ward spatial clustering method, the temperature field was divided into regions. Second, the degree of order and degree of disorder of the temperature monitoring points were defined by the probability method. Third, the weight values of monitoring points of each regions were explored via projection pursuit. Forth, a temperature entropy expression that can describe degree of order of the spatial temperature field in concrete dams was established. Fifth, the early-warning index of temperature entropy was set up according to the calculated sequential value of temperature entropy. Finally, project cases verified the feasibility of the proposed theories. The early-warning index of temperature entropy is conducive to the improvement of early-warning ability and safety management levels during the operation of high concrete dams.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098 China ; National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2180-8899
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098 China ; College of Water-Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China.
authors.forename: Chongshi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, No. 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098 China ; College of Water-Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: College of Water-Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China.
authors.forename: Zhenming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Water-Conservancy and Hydropower, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098 China.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kan
keywords: Early-warning; Projection pursuit; Spatial temperature field; Synergetics; Temperature entropy; Ward spatial clustering