title: Effects of glycopyrrolate premedication on preventing postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in patients receiving ureteroscopic removal of ureter stone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glycopyrrolate given as reversing agents of muscle relaxants has been reported to be effective in reducing postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). However, it remains unclear whether glycopyrrolate as premedication is also effective. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of glycopyrrolate as premedication on preventing CRBD in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three patients who received elective ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stone were randomly assigned to the control (n = 43) or the glycopyrrolate group (n = 40). The glycopyrrolate group was treated with glycopyrrolate 0.3 mg as premedication while the control group received 0.9% saline 1.5 ml. The incidence and severity of CRBD and pain score using numerical rating scale (NRS) were measured in the PACU.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of CRBD (26 of 40 patients vs. 41 of 43 patients, relative risk [RR] = 0.68, 95% Confidence interval [CI] = 0.53-0.86, P = 0.001) and the moderate to severe CRBD incidence (6 of 40 patients vs. 20 of 43 patients, RR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14-0.72, P = 0.002) were lower in the glycopyrrolate group than in the control group. Also, postoperative pain NRS score was found to be lower in the glycopyrrolate group (median = 1 [Q1 = 0, Q3 = 2]) compared to the control group (3 [1, 5], median difference = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.00-2.00, P = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of glycopyrrolate 0.3 mg as premedication in patients receiving ureteroscopic removal of ureteral stone reduced the incidence and severity of CRBD, and decreased postoperative pain in the PACU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7484-8667
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hye
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0259-6501
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyong Rae
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Ui Jin
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Je
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hyub
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Paek
keywords: Complications; Glycopyrrolate; Ureteroscopy; Urinary catheterization