title: Nurses' comfort level with spiritual assessment: a study among nurses working in diverse healthcare settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain knowledge about nurses' comfort level in assessing spiritual matters and to learn what questions nurses use in practice related to spiritual assessment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Spirituality is important in holistic nursing care; however, nurses report feeling uncomfortable and ill-prepared to address this domain with patients. Education is reported to impact nurses' ability to engage in spiritual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional exploratory survey reports on a mixed-method study examining how comfortable nurses are with spiritual assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2014, a 21-item survey with 10 demographic variables and three open-ended questions were distributed to Norwegian nurses working in diverse care settings with 172 nurse responses (72 % response rate). SPSS was used to analyse quantitative data; thematic analysis examined the open-ended questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Norwegian nurses reported a high level of comfort with most questions even though spirituality is seen as private. Nurses with some preparation or experience in spiritual care were most comfortable assessing spirituality. Statistically significant correlations were found between the nurses' comfort level with spiritual assessment and their preparedness and sense of the importance of spiritual assessment. How well-prepared nurses felt was related to years of experience, degree of spirituality and religiosity, and importance of spiritual assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many nurses are poorly prepared for spiritual assessment and care among patients in diverse care settings; educational preparation increases their comfort level with facilitating such care. Nurses who feel well prepared with spirituality feel more comfortable with the spiritual domain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By fostering a culture where patients' spirituality is discussed and reflected upon in everyday practice and in continued education, nurses' sense of preparedness, and thus their level of comfort, can increase. Clinical supervision and interprofessional collaboration with hospital chaplains and/or other spiritual leaders can facilitate tailor spiritual assessment of patients based on patient concerns and view of life.
authors.affiliation: Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Cone
authors.affiliation: VID Specialized University, Faculty of Health, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Tove
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giske
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018939:Holistic Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D029181:Spirituality; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: assessment; nurses' experience; quantitative approaches; questionnaire; spirituality; survey designs