title: Comparative pharmacodynamic effects of two clopidogrel formulations under steady-state conditions in healthy Thai volunteers .
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clopidogrel is a commonly used antiplatelet aggregation agent. Compared with the reference clopidogrel product, most commercially available generic clopidogrel products contain different crystalline forms of clopidogrel. This study was aimed to compare the pharmacodynamics of a commonly used generic clopidogrel product in Thailand with the reference clopidogrel product under steady state conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multiple-dose, randomized 2-way crossover study was conducted in 32 healthy male Thai volunteers. The subjects were assigned to receive 75 mg once daily of the test or the reference product for 7 days with a 2-week wash out period. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 5, 6, and 7 prior to drug administration and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after the last dose administered. The antiplatelet aggregation effects of clopidogrel were determined by using two different ex-vivo platelet aggregation tests including the whole blood impedance assay (WBA) and the VerifyNow®P2Y12 assay. Both pharmacodynamic parameters, the maximal antiplatelet effect (Emax) and the areas under the antiplatelet effect-time curve (AUEC0-24h), were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither the mean values of Emax(90.70 ± 15.15 vs. 89.50 ± 10.71% inhibition) nor of AUEC0-24h(1,892.84 ± 657.22 vs. 1,853.58 ± 673.95% inhibition × h) under steady-state conditions obtained using the WBA method of these two clopidogrel products were significantly different. The results obtained using the VerifyNow®P2Y12 assay were consistent with those of the WBA assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study clearly demonstrated that ex-vivo antiplatelet aggregation effect under steady-state conditions of the test product was not significantly different from the reference product. .
authors.forename: Nontaya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakkam
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiamkao
authors.forename: Sirimas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanjanawart
authors.forename: Kutcharin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phunikhom
authors.forename: Siriporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiamkao
authors.forename: Suda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vannaprasaht
authors.forename: Wongwiwat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tassaneeyakul
authors.forename: Wichittra
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tassaneeyakul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D044466:Asian People; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004339:Drug Compounding; D016568:Drugs, Generic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D013785:Thailand; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016568:Drugs, Generic; C548576:P2RY12 protein, human; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D058921:Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine