title: Overview of diagnostic performance and results for the first operation phase in Wendelstein 7-X (invited).
abstract: Wendelstein 7-X, a superconducting optimized stellarator built in Greifswald/Germany, started its first plasmas with the last closed flux surface (LCFS) defined by 5 uncooled graphite limiters in December 2015. At the end of the 10 weeks long experimental campaign (OP1.1) more than 20 independent diagnostic systems were in operation, allowing detailed studies of many interesting plasma phenomena. For example, fast neutral gas manometers supported by video cameras (including one fast-frame camera with frame rates of tens of kHz) as well as visible cameras with different interference filters, with field of views covering all ten half-modules of the stellarator, discovered a MARFE-like radiation zone on the inboard side of machine module 4. This structure is presumably triggered by an inadvertent plasma-wall interaction in module 4 resulting in a high impurity influx that terminates some discharges by radiation cooling. The main plasma parameters achieved in OP1.1 exceeded predicted values in discharges of a length reaching 6 s. Although OP1.1 is characterized by short pulses, many of the diagnostics are already designed for quasi-steady state operation of 30 min discharges heated at 10 MW of ECRH. An overview of diagnostic performance for OP1.1 is given, including some highlights from the physics campaigns.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krychowiak
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adnan
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andreeva
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baldzuhn
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barbui
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beurskens
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Biel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biedermann
authors.affiliation: Australian National University, Acton ACT, 2601 Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozhenkov
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brakel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bräuer
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Avenue Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brotas de Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burhenn
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buttenschön
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cappa
authors.affiliation: Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cseh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czarnecka
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinklage
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Drews
authors.affiliation: University of Szczecin, al. Papieża Jana Pawła II 22A, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzikowicka
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Effenberg
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endler
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Erckmann
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fornal
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frerichs
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fuchert
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grulke
authors.affiliation: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hartfuß
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hathiramani
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Höfel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jabłoński
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaczmarczyk
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klinger
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knauer
authors.affiliation: Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kocsis
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kornejew
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krämer-Flecken
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krawczyk
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kremeyer
authors.affiliation: Opole University, pl. Kopernika 11a, 45-040 Opole, Poland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Książek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubkowska
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langenberg
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Laqua
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laux
authors.affiliation: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lazerson
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marsen
authors.affiliation: CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naujoks
authors.affiliation: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Neilson
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Neuner
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.affiliation: Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Oosterbeek
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otte
authors.affiliation: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pablant
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pasch
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sunn Pedersen
authors.affiliation: University of Cagliari, Via Università, 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pisano
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rahbarnia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Hery Street 23, 01-497 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ryć
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.affiliation: Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmuck
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
authors.affiliation: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Plasmaphysik, Partner of the Trilateral Euregio Cluster (TEC), 52425 Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schweer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Standley
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stange
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Engineering Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stephey
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.affiliation: Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szabolics
authors.affiliation: Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szepesi
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thomsen
authors.affiliation: CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France.
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Travere
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trimino Mora
authors.affiliation: NIFS National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiegel
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Windisch
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Wurden
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimbal
authors.affiliation: Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Konkoly Thege 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zoletnik
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, 17491 Greifswald, Germany.