title: Relation of Skin Flora of Hands with Glove Perforation and Contamination in Cardiac Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical scrub reduces the number of microorganisms, but fails to sterilize hands, and therefore the use of sterile gloves is recommended. Glove perforation allows bacteria passage from the surgeons´ hands to the patient´s tissues. We analyze the relationship between skin flora of hands, glove perforation and contamination.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study comprising 139 patients undergoing open heart surgery through a median sternotomy was conducted. Surgeons´hands were studied. Gloved and ungloved fingertips were placed on culture plates after scrubbing and before sternal closure. Removed gloves were evaluated for perforations. Samples from the surgical wound were taken for culture. Identification of isolated microorganisms was performed by conventional biochemical tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Culture of fingertips after scrubbing resulted positive in 29.13% of the samples and increased to 34.53% at the end of the procedure. Culture of gloved fingertips before closing the sternum demonstrated contamination of the outer surface in 11.87% of samples. Gloves removed before sternal closure showed perforations in 23.02% of samples. Holes were observed in 33% of contaminated gloves. No relationship between perforation and contamination of gloves was observed. The culture of the sternal wound resulted positive in 7.91% of cases. A significant relationship between the presence of microorganisms in the wound and glove contamination was demonstrated. (P<0,001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforation does not cause significant contamination of the outer surface of surgical gloves. The statistical correlation between glove contamination and surgical wound colonization could be explained by the presence of other sources of contaminating microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Divisão de Cirurgia Cardíaca e Divisão de Microbiologia do Hospital Universitário de Santiago de Compostela, Espanha.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: L Fernandez
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adrio
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Reija
authors.forename: Darío
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Durán
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: AlHamwy
authors.forename: Benito
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Regueiro