title: Apocynin Alleviates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Level of Zinc and Metallothionen.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of apocynin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in rats. Rats preconditioned with apocynin were subjected to renal I/R. Zinc levels in serum and renal tissues, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected. We further measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α; and the expression of metallothionein (MT) in the renal tissues. Results indicated that the levels of MDA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum BUN and Scr levels in RI/RI group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated group, while the levels of serum Zn and kidney Zn and SOD were reduced in RI/RI group. Apocynin treatment further decreased the levels of MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and serum BUN and Scr, whereas it significantly increased the levels of Zn, SOD, IL-4, IL-10, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum Zn. These findings suggest that apocynin might play a protective role against RI/RI in rats through regulating zinc level and MT expression involving in oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruilin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China. tsuigt@126.com.
authors.forename: Guangtao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-9280
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D016207:Cytokines; D008668:Metallothionein; C056165:acetovanillone; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Apocynin; Interleukin; Metallothionein; Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury; Superoxide dismutase; Zinc