title: Learning from hospital mortality.
abstract: Understanding and learning from hospital deaths is an important component of good clinical practice but current approaches and measures are complex, controversial and difficult to understand. Patients who die are not a homogeneous group but fall into three distinct categories; most learning will be achieved by recognising this and investigating categories of deaths in different ways, relying heavily on qualitative approaches. Numerical measures of overall hospital mortality, such as hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR) or measures of 'preventable' deaths, are most unlikely to be helpful at a hospital level and may even give false reassurance, as accuracy of measurement is strongly influenced by factors apart from quality of care.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Physicians, London, UK kevin.stewart@rcplondon.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mohsin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Choudry
authors.affiliation: Care Quality Improvement Department, Royal College of Physicians, London, UK.
authors.forename: Rhona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical
keywords: Care record review; death; hospital; mortality; quality improvement