title: A Single Arm Pilot Trial of Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents with Physical and Psychiatric Comorbidities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The majority of adolescents with chronic insomnia have physical health or psychiatric comorbidities; insomnia is also associated with greater negative daytime symptoms (e.g., depressive symptoms) and reduced overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, to date, there has been limited attention to treatment of insomnia in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine the preliminary efficacy of a brief cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) intervention on sleep, psychological symptoms, and HRQOL outcomes in adolescents with insomnia and co-occurring physical or psychiatric comorbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a single arm pilot trial in which 40 youth (mean age = 14.93, standard deviation = 1.89) with insomnia and physical or psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., depression, chronic pain, anxiety, gastrointestinal problems) received CBT-I in four individual treatment sessions over 4 to 6 w. Adolescents completed 7 days of wrist actigraphy and self-report measures of insomnia, sleep quality and behaviors, psychological symptoms, and HRQOL outcomes at pretreatment, immediate posttreatment, and 3-mo follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CBT-I was associated with improvements in self-reported measures of sleep including insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, sleep hygiene, pre-sleep arousal, and sleep onset latency. Psychological symptoms and HRQOL also improved. Effects were generally sustained at 3-mo follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT-I may be efficacious for adolescents with co-occurring physical and mental health comorbidities; future randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effect of CBT-I on sleep, psychological symptoms, and HRQOL and to evaluate maintenance of treatment effects over longer time periods.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA.|Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Tonya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beals-Erickson
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA.|Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, WA.|Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Maida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015205:Northwestern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adolescents; chronic pain; cognitive behavioral therapy; depression; health-related quality of life; insomnia; intervention; sleep