title: The paternal polymorphism rs5370 in the EDN1 gene decreases the risk of preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the maternal, paternal or the combined maternal/paternal contribution of SNP rs5370 of the EDN1 gene is associated with preeclampsia and drove its expression in placenta.
  
  
  METHODS
  This case-control study included 61 preeclamptic patients and their partners and 49 healthy pregnant women and their partners. The population was sub-divided into three groups: women-only, men-only and combined (women/men). The analysis included genotyping of rs5370 in mothers and fathers and evaluating the expression profile of the EDN1 gene in placenta. Comparisons of categorical variables were performed using chi-square and/or Fisher's exact tests. The intergroup comparisons were analysed with the Mann-Whitney U test. The association between the polymorphism and the disease was evaluated through multivariate regression analysis. Spearman's correlation was performed to test the relationship between pre-gestational history and clinical features of the affected patients with EDN1 gene expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of paternal risk factors associated with preeclampsia revealed no differences between groups. A negative association between SNP rs5370 and preeclampsia was found in men group (OR 0.42; CI 95% 0.18-0.94, p=0.034) but not in women or combined groups. The adjustment for paternal protective factors increased the observed negative association, and the opposite was observed in the presence of paternal risk factors. The expression of the EDN1 gene in the placenta was significantly higher in the group of cases and was not associated with the rs5370 polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The paternal rs5370 polymorphism decreases the risk for preeclampsia and is not associated with placental expression of the EDN1 gene.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Durango, 34220 Durango, Mexico. Electronic address: carlosgalavizhernandez55@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galaviz-Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040 Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eliakym
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arámbula-Meraz
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040 Culiacán Rosales, Sinaloa, Mexico.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medina-Bastidas
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Durango, 34220 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosa-Macías
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, 98000 Zacatecas, Mexico.
authors.forename: Blanca P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Lazalde-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-Durango, 34220 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortega-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Hospital General de Durango, Secretaría de Salud Durango, 34000 Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernandez-García
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D065840:Protective Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1
keywords: EDN1; Paternal; Placenta; Polymorphism; Preeclampsia