title: Type 2 Diabetes: The Pathologic Basis of Reversible β-Cell Dysfunction.
abstract: The reversible nature of early type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated in in vivo human studies. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies of β-cell biology have established that the β-cell loses differentiated characteristics, including glucose-mediated insulin secretion, under metabolic stress. Critically, the β-cell dedifferentiation produced by long-term excess nutrient supply is reversible. Weight loss in humans permits restoration of first-phase insulin secretion associated with the return to normal of the elevated intrapancreatic triglyceride content. However, in type 2 diabetes of duration greater than 10 years, the cellular changes appear to pass a point of no return. This review summarizes the evidence that early type 2 diabetes can be regarded as a reversible β-cell response to chronic positive calorie balance.
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine for Diabetes Group and Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine for Diabetes Group and Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
authors.forename: James A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Regenerative Medicine for Diabetes Group and Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. roy.taylor@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Roy
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6273-0170
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin