title: Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) and investigate the predictors of its severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent ERCP. Pre-ERCP data, intraoperative data, and post-ERCP data were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population consisted of 996 patients. Their mean age at presentation was 58.42 (± 14.72) years, and there were 454 male and 442 female patients. Overall, PEP occurred in 102 (10.2%) patients of the study population; eighty (78.4%) cases were of mild to moderate degree, while severe pancreatitis occurred in 22 (21.6%) patients. No hospital mortality was reported for any of PEP patients during the study duration. Age less than 35 years (P= 0.001, OR = 0.035), narrower common bile duct (CBD) diameter (P= 0.0001) and increased number of pancreatic cannulations (P= 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEP is the most frequent and devastating complication after ERCP. Age less than 35 years, narrower median CBD diameter and increased number of pancreatic cannulations are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP. Patients with these risk factors are candidates for prophylactic and preventive measures against PEP.
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Nakeeb
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El Hanafy
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atef
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hosam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamed
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmad M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sultan
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hamdy
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Said
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: El Geidie
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Tharwat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kandil
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Shobari
authors.affiliation: Ayman El Nakeeb, Ehab El Hanafy, Tarek Salah, Ehab Atef, Hosam Hamed, Ahmad M Sultan, Emad Hamdy, Mohamed Said, Ahmed A El Geidie, Tharwat Kandil, Mohamed El Shobari, Gamal El Ebidy, Gastroenterology Surgical Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Gamal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: El Ebidy
keywords: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; Obstructive jaundice; Pancreatitis