title: Effects of cryopreservation on the epigenetic profile of cells.
abstract: Effective cryopreservation protocols are essential for long-term storage of cells and their subsequent clinical application. Freezing protocols are generally considered as safe; however, putative effects on epigenetic marks have not yet been studied in detail. While post-thaw cell survival rates have been used to evaluate the success of cryopreservation protocols, increasing evidence suggests that freezing may be associated with deviations from the physiological epigenetic marks with putative long-term effects on the cells and/or their derivatives. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms would be beneficial for improving safety and effectiveness of freezing protocols. The purpose of this review is to provide current information regarding epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation and histone modification patterns) associated with cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gryshkov
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: glasmacher@imp.uni-hannover.de.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glasmacher
authors.affiliation: Institute for Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000235:genetics*; D005615:Freezing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006657:Histones; D004247:DNA
keywords: Cellular effects; Cryopreservation; DNA methylation; Histone post-translational modifications