title: Childhood adversity impacts on brain subcortical structures relevant to depression.
abstract: Childhood adversity plays an important role for development of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are differences in subcortical brain structures between patients with MDD and healthy controls, but the specific impact of childhood adversity on such structures in MDD remains unclear. Thus, aim of the present study was to investigate whether childhood adversity is associated with subcortical volumes and how it interacts with a diagnosis of MDD and sex. Within the ENIGMA-MDD network, nine university partner sites, which assessed childhood adversity and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with MDD and controls, took part in the current joint mega-analysis. In this largest effort world-wide to identify subcortical brain structure differences related to childhood adversity, 3036 participants were analyzed for subcortical brain volumes using FreeSurfer. A significant interaction was evident between childhood adversity, MDD diagnosis, sex, and region. Increased exposure to childhood adversity was associated with smaller caudate volumes in females independent of MDD. All subcategories of childhood adversity were negatively associated with caudate volumes in females - in particular emotional neglect and physical neglect (independently from age, ICV, imaging site and MDD diagnosis). There was no interaction effect between childhood adversity and MDD diagnosis on subcortical brain volumes. Childhood adversity is one of the contributors to brain structural abnormalities. It is associated with subcortical brain abnormalities that are relevant to psychiatric disorders such as depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: Thomas.Frodl@med.ovgu.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frodl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Janowitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schmaal
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tozzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dobrowolny
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dick J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.affiliation: German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wittfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Theo G M
authors.initials: TGM
authors.lastname: van Erp
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Neda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jahanshad
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; Sociology of Physical Activity and Health, Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hegenscheid
authors.affiliation: Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völzke
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Sunshine Coast Mind and Neuroscience - Thompson Institute, University of The Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagopoulos
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
authors.forename: Sean N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.affiliation: Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Hickie
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva Maria
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Germany; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carballedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Samantha J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vuletic
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uhlmann
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ilya M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Veer
authors.affiliation: Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Mind and Brain Research, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.affiliation: Department of General Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grotegerd
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arolt
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kugel
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany; Psychiatric University Clinic, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Agaplesion Diakoniklinikum, Rotenburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.affiliation: Center for Integrative Psychiatry, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zurowski
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Adelaide, Australia.
authors.forename: Bernhard T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Baune
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition and Leiden Center for Translational Neuroscience, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nic J A
authors.initials: NJA
authors.lastname: van der Wee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marie-Jose
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van Tol
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Brenda W J H
authors.initials: BWJH
authors.lastname: Penninx
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Imaging Genetics Center, Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Derrek P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Hibar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dannlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Greifswald, Germany; Helios Hospital Stralsund, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Grabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069586:Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events / Q000523:psychology; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Caudate; Childhood adversity; Depression; ENIGMA; Hippocampus; MRI