title: Public exposure and number of conspecifics have no influence on ovarian and adrenal activity in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).
abstract: Cheetahs in managed zoological collections do not reproduce efficiently, a problem that may be related to environmental/management stressors. In this study, we examined 17 adult female cheetahs to determine the influence of two environmental factors, (1) being housed on- or off-exhibit and (2) number of adult conspecifics (males and/or females) in nearby enclosures, on profiles and concentrations of ovarian and adrenal hormones. Secondarily, we assessed a subset of group-housed siblings (n=5 females in groups of 2 or 3) for effects of long-term cohabitation. All of the females demonstrated waves of estrogen excretion (indicative of ovarian activity) as well as occasional periods of no estrogen production (anestrus). Glucocorticoid and estrogen concentrations were correlated within an individual (rs=0.53; P<0.05), and overall there was a higher frequency of days with elevated glucocorticoid concentrations in association with elevated estrogen excretion. However, none of the management factors had an impact (P>0.05) on estrogen or glucocorticoid metabolite excretory patterns. Although we recently reported that public exposure can negatively affect sperm production, ovarian steroidogenesis in females was unaffected. There also was no evidence of hyper-adrenal activity. Thus, different methods of ex situ management appear to have minimal influence on ovarian function or stress susceptibility of female cheetahs.
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA; George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. Electronic address: koesterd@si.edu.
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Koester
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wildt
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
authors.forename: Janine L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: White Oak Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, FL 32097, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.affiliation: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.
authors.forename: Adrienne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Crosier
mesh_terms: D002612:Acinonyx / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010053:Ovary / Q000378:metabolism*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D005938:Glucocorticoids
keywords: Felid; Management; Steroid hormone