title: A pair of transposon-derived proteins function in a histone acetyltransferase complex for active DNA demethylation.
abstract: Transposons are generally kept silent by epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. Here, we identified a pair of Harbinger transposon-derived proteins (HDPs), HDP1 and HDP2, as anti-silencing factors in Arabidopsis. hdp1 and hdp2 mutants displayed an enhanced silencing of transgenes and some transposons. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that HDP1 and HDP2 were co-domesticated from the Harbinger transposon-encoded transposase and DNA-binding protein, respectively. HDP1 interacts with HDP2 in the nucleus, analogous to their transposon counterparts. Moreover, HDP1 and HDP2 are associated with IDM1, IDM2, IDM3 and MBD7 that constitute a histone acetyltransferase complex functioning in DNA demethylation. HDP2 and the methyl-DNA-binding protein MBD7 share a large set of common genomic binding sites, indicating that they jointly determine the target specificity of the histone acetyltransferase complex. Thus, our data revealed that HDP1 and HDP2 constitute a functional module that has been recruited to a histone acetyltransferase complex to prevent DNA hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.|Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Cheng-Guo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Xingang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Chuan-Chih
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Mingguang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Yueh-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.|The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Agricultural Research Resources, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050022, China.
authors.forename: Zhijuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Zhengjing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.|Biotechnology Section, Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Hyderabad, India.
authors.forename: Satendra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mangrauthia
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.|College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471026, China.
authors.forename: Huawei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dilkes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: W Andy
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.|Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Jian-Kang
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D000073399:DNA Demethylation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D000072417:Protein Domains; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000625526:HDP1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000625527:HDP2 protein, Arabidopsis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases