title: Reaction of complement factors and proteasomes in experimental encephalitis.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis causes a deleterious inflammation and elevated intracranial pressure. As a step towards examining the origin of the inflammation, we here report the response of circulating proteasomes and complement factors in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rats infected with HSV-1. Infection was via the nasal route, with 1.1 × 104plaque-forming units of HSV-1 strain 2762 given in one or both nostrils. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to study the level of 26S proteasomes and their complex formation with complement factors 3 and 4. HSV-1 infection in the rat causes a complex formation between complement factors and proteasomes, which we designate compleasomes. In the first experiment, with HSV-1 given in both nostrils, compleasomes containing complement factors 3 and 4 increased significantly in both blood plasma and CSF. The concentration of proteasomes in plasma was similar in controls and infected rats (320 ± 163 vs. 333 ± 125 ng/ml). In the second experiment, with HSV-1 given in one nostril, CSF levels were 1 ± 1 ng/ml in controls and 56 ± 22 ng/ml in the HSV-1 group, whereas the total protein concentration in CSF remained the same in the two groups. The compleasome response was limited to CSF, with a highly significant difference between infected rats and controls (n = 11, p < 0.001). It was possible to mimic the reaction between proteasomes and complements 3 and 4 in vitro in the presence of ATP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, P.O.B 420, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrens University Hospital, P.O.B, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, P.O.B 420, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrens University Hospital, P.O.B, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, P.O.B 420, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrens University Hospital, P.O.B, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, P.O.B 420, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrens University Hospital, P.O.B, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Merna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oshalim
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, P.O.B 420, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ivar.Lonnroth@microbio.gu.se.|Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrens University Hospital, P.O.B, S-40530, Gothenburg, Sweden. Ivar.Lonnroth@microbio.gu.se.
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lönnroth
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C061553:ATP dependent 26S protease
keywords: Compleasome; Complement factor; Encephalitis; Herpes simplex virus type 1; Proteasome