title: The Pathophysiological Role of NOX2 in Hypertension and Organ Damage.
abstract: NADPH oxidases (NOXs) represent one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species in the vascular district. Reactive oxygen species are responsible for vascular damage that leads to several cardiovascular pathological conditions. Among NOX isoforms, NOX2 is widely expressed in many cells types, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, confirming its pivotal role in vascular pathophysiology. Studies in mice models with systemic deletion of NOX2, as well as in transgenic mice overexpressing NOX2, have demonstrated the undeniable involvement of NOX2 in the development of hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, cardiac hypertrophy, platelet aggregation, and aging. Of note, the inhibition of NOX2 has been found to be protective for cardiovascular homeostasis. Here, we review the evidence demonstrating that the modulation of NOX2 activity is able to improve vascular physiology, suggesting that NOX2 may be a potential target for therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nocella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palmerio
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schirone
authors.affiliation: Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy.|Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carnevale
authors.affiliation: Department of Angiocardioneurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, 86077, Italy. sebastiano.sciarretta@uniroma1.it.|Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 79 Corso della Repubblica, 04100, Latina, Italy. sebastiano.sciarretta@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-6896
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sciarretta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015539:Platelet Activation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D066253:Vascular Remodeling; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C056558:CYBB protein, human; C488842:Cybb protein, mouse; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Cardiac hypertrophy; Hypertension; NADPH oxidase; NOX2; Reactive oxygen species