title: C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase links Rho GTPase signaling to Pol II CTD phosphorylation in Arabidopsis and yeast.
abstract: Rho GTPases, including the Rho, Cdc42, Rac, and ROP subfamilies, act as pivotal signaling switches in various growth and developmental processes. Compared with the well-defined role of cytoskeletal organization in Rho signaling, much less is known regarding transcriptional regulation. In a mutant screen for phenotypic enhancers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a constitutively active form of ROP2 (designated CA1-1), we identified RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase-like 1 (CPL1) as a transcriptional regulator of ROP2 signaling. We show that ROP2 activation inhibits CPL1 activity by promoting its degradation, leading to an increase in CTD Ser5 and Ser2 phosphorylation. We also observed similar modulation of CTD phosphorylation by yeast Cdc42 GTPase and enhanced degradation of the yeast CTD phosphatase Fcp1 by activated ROP2 signaling. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of the Pol II CTD code by Rho GTPase signaling represents an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: Plant Nutrient Signaling and Fruit Quality Improvement Laboratory, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China.|Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468.
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Yihong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468; zhiliang.zheng@lehman.cuny.edu.|National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400712, China.|Biology PhD Program, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10016.
authors.forename: Zhi-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D059748:Proteolysis; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D012694:Serine; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; C465438:CPL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C506910:CPL2 protein, Arabidopsis; C116022:carboxy-terminal domain phosphatase; C499714:AT1G20090 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: CPL1; CTD code; Pol II; ROP GTPase; Rho GTPase