title: Photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound for accurate visualization of brachytherapy seeds with the photoacoustic needle.
abstract: An important problem in minimally invasive photoacoustic (PA) imaging of brachytherapy seeds is reflection artifacts caused by the high signal from the optical fiber/needle tip reflecting off the seed. The presence of these artifacts confounds interpretation of images. In this letter, we demonstrate a recently developed concept called photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound (PAFUSion) for the first time in the context of interstitial illumination PA imaging to identify and remove reflection artifacts. In this method, ultrasound (US) from the transducer is focused on the region of the optical fiber/needle tip identified in a first step using PA imaging. The image developed from the US diverging from the focus zone at the tip region visualizes only the reflections from seeds and other acoustic inhomogeneities, allowing identification of the reflection artifacts of the first step. These artifacts can then be removed from the PA image. Using PAFUSion, we demonstrate reduction of reflection artifacts and thereby improved interstitial PA visualization of brachytherapy seeds in phantom and <italic<ex vivo</italic< measurements on porcine tissue.
authors.affiliation: University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mithun Kuniyil Ajith
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parameshwarappa
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, P.O. Box 50000, Enschede 7512 KZ, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.affiliation: University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wiendelt
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steenbergen
authors.affiliation: University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Srirang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manohar
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009339:Needles; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*