title: Two new fatty acids esters were detected in ginseng stems by the application of azoxystrobin and the increasing of antioxidant enzyme activity and ginsenosides content.
abstract: Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a valuable herb in China that has also gained popularity in the West because of its pharmacological properties. The constituents isolated and characterized in ginseng stems include ginsenosides, fatty acids, amino acids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. In this study, the effects of fungicide azoxystrobin applied on antioxidant enzyme activity and ginsenosides content in ginseng stems was studied by using Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. cv. (the cultivar of Ermaya) under natural environmental conditions. The azoxystrobin formulation (25% SC) was sprayed three times on ginseng plants at different doses (150ga.i./ha and 225ga.i./ha), respectively. Two new fatty acids esters (ethyl linoleate and methyl linolenate) were firstly detected in ginseng stems by the application of azoxystrobin as foliar spray. The results indicated that activities of enzymatic antioxidants, the content of ginsenosides and two new fatty acids esters in ginseng stems in azoxystrobin-treated plants were increased. Azoxystrobin treatments to ginseng plants at all growth stages suggest that the azoxystrobin-induced delay of senescence is due to an enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity protecting the plants from harmful active oxygen species (AOS). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in azoxystrobin-treated plants was about 1-3 times higher than that in untreated plants. And the effects was more significant (P=0.05) when azoxystrobin was applied at dose of 225ga.i./ha. This work suggests that azoxystrobin plays an important role in delaying of senescence by changing physiological and biochemical indicators and increasing ginsenosides content in ginseng stems.
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Ginseng and Antler Products Testing Center of the Ministry of Agricultural PRC, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Xuan-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Resources and Environment Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004952:Esters; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008042:Linolenic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D036145:Ginsenosides; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008042:Linolenic Acids; D008689:Methacrylates; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000073739:Strobilurins; C047376:methyl linolenate; D013481:Superoxides; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C007678:ethyl linoleate; C087670:azoxystrobin
keywords: Azoxystrobin; Fatty acids esters; Ginseng stems; Ginsenosides; Oxidative status