title: The effects of active video games on patients' rehabilitative outcomes: A meta-analysis.
abstract: A meta-analysis on Active Video Games (AVG) as a rehabilitative tool does not appear to be available. This meta-analytic review synthesizes the effectiveness of AVGs on patients' rehabilitative outcomes. Ninety-eight published studies on AVGs and rehabilitation were obtained in late 2015 with 14 meeting the following inclusion criteria: 1) data-based English articles; 2) randomized-controlled trials investigating AVG's effect on rehabilitative outcome(s); and 3) ≥1 comparison present in each study. Data extraction for comparisons was completed for three age categories: 1) youth/young adults (5-25years-old); 2) middle-aged adults (40-65years-old); and 3) older adults (≥65years-old). Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software calculated effect size (ES; Hedge's g). Comparison group protocols often employed another non-AVG experimental treatment. Control group protocols implemented standard care. AVGs demonstrated a large positive effect on balance control over control among youth/young adults (ES=0.81, p<0.01). Further, AVGs resulted in small positive effects on middle-aged adults' balance control over control (ES=0.143, p=0.48) and comparison (ES=0.14, p=0.53), with similar results in older adults compared to control (ES=0.16, p=0.27). Notably, AVG's effect on balance control versus comparison among older adults was small yet negative (ES=-0.12, p=0.63). AVGs were also used to enhance general physical functioning (GPF) among middle-aged and older adults. Versus control and comparison, AVGs had no effect on middle-aged adults' GPF (ES=-0.054 and -0.046, respectively) or older adults' GPF (ES=0.04 and 0.002, respectively). Finally, AVGs had a moderate effect on older adults' falls efficacy versus control (ES=0.61, p<0.05). Findings favor AVGs for youth/young adult balance control rehabilitation and falls efficacy promotion in older adults.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: popex157@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: zengx185@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Ave. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. Electronic address: gaoz@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Zan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000367:Age Factors; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D004856:Postural Balance; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D018910:Video Games
keywords: Age; Balance; Falls efficacy; Physical functioning; Quality of life