title: Effects of a High Protein and Omega-3-Enriched Diet with or Without Creatine Supplementation on Markers of Soreness and Inflammation During 5 Consecutive Days of High Volume Resistance Exercise in Females.
abstract: We examined if two different dietary interventions affected markers of soreness and inflammation over a 5-day high-volume resistance training protocol in females that resistance-trained 8 weeks prior. Twenty-eight females (age: 20 ± 1 yr; body mass: 63.5 ± 1.6 kg, height: 1.67 ± 0.01 m) completed 4 weeks of pre-training (weeks 1-4) followed by a subsequent 4-week training period along with a dietary intervention (weeks 5-8). Dietary interventions from weeks 5-8 included: a) no intervention (CTL, n = 10) b) a higher-protein diet supplemented with hydrolyzed whey protein (50 g/d) and omega-3 fatty acids (900 mg/d) (DI, n = 8), and c) the DI condition as well as creatine monohydrate (5 g/d) (DI+C, n = 10). During week 9, participants resistance-trained for five consecutive days whereby 8 sets of 10 target repetitions at 70% one repetition maximum (1RM) were performed each day for bench press, back squat, deadlift, and hip-thrusters with the intent of eliciting muscle soreness and inflammation. Prior to and 24 h following each of the 5 bouts muscle soreness (DOMS) was assessed via questionnaire, and fasting blood was obtained and analyzed for serum cortisol, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). No group*time (G*T) or time effects were observed for training volume over the 5-d overreaching protocol. Furthermore, no group*time (G*T) or time effects were observed for serum cortisol, IL-6 or CRP, and DOMS actually decreased in all groups 24 h following the fifth day training bout. This study demonstrates that, regardless of protein, omega-3 fatty acid and/or creatine supplementation, 5 days of consecutive resistance training does not alter perceived muscle soreness, training volume, and/or markers of inflammation in novice resistance-trained females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School, and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wilborn
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Lem W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Stacie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Outlaw
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Exercise and Sport Sciences Department, University of Mary Hardin-Baylor , Belton, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Cliffa A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Applied Sciences Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Physiology and Cellular Biology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Auburn Campus, Auburn, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Roberts
keywords: Whey protein; creatine monohydrate; inflammation; muscle soreness