title: Are neurocognitive factors associated with repetition of self-harm? A systematic review.
abstract: Prediction of self-harm is limited clinically. Early identification of individuals likely to repeat self-harm could improve outcomes and reduce suicide risk. Various neurocognitive deficits have been found in people who self-harm, but the ability of these to predict repetition has yet to be established AIMS: Identify neurocognitive factors that may predict repetition of self-harm.
  
  
  
  Systematic narrative review of English language publications assessing neurocognitive functioning and self-harm repetition, searching multiple databases from inception to March 2015. Quality of studies was appraised. A narrative synthesis was performed.
  
  
  
  7026 unique records were identified, and 169 full-texts assessed. 15 unique studies provided data. No imaging studies could be included. Most studies assessed cognitive control or problem solving, but neither factor was consistently associated with repetition. However, specific tasks may show promise. Two studies in adolescents suggest that value-based decision-making impairments could be predictive of repetition. There were too few results for memory to draw specific conclusions.
  
  
  
  Selected studies suggest promise for particular neurocognitive factors and specific cognitive tasks in terms of repetition of self-harm.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK. Electronic address: A.de-Cates@warwick.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Angharad N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: de Cates
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Department of Psychiatry & Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Academic Hospital (CHU) of Nîmes, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jollant
authors.affiliation: Unit of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK; Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Eimear
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leyden
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmer
authors.affiliation: Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hawton
authors.affiliation: Unit for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Heeringen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK; Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Broome
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D011340:Problem Solving; D012307:Risk Factors; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior
keywords: Cognitive control; Decision-making; Executive functioning; Memory; Neurocognition; Neuroimaging; Problem solving; Repetition; Self-harm; Suicide