title: Chronic exposure to water-pipe smoke induces cardiovascular dysfunction in mice.
abstract: Water-pipe tobacco smoking is becoming prevalent in all over the world including Western countries. There are limited data on the cardiovascular effects of water-pipe smoke (WPS), in particular following chronic exposure. Here, we assessed the chronic cardiovascular effects of nose-only WPS exposure in C57BL/6 mice. The duration of the session was 30 minutes/day, 5 days/week for 6 consecutive months. Control mice were exposed to air. WPS significantly increased systolic blood pressure. The relative heart weight and plasma concentrations of troponin-I and B-type natriuretic peptide were increased in mice exposed to WPS. Arterial blood gas analysis showed that WPS caused a significant decrease in [Formula: see text] and an increase in [Formula: see text] WPS significantly shortened the thrombotic occlusion time in pial arterioles and venules and increased the number of circulating platelet. Cardiac lipid peroxidation, measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, was significantly increased, while superoxide dismutase activity, total nitric oxide activity, and glutathione concentration were reduced by WPS exposure. Likewise, immunohistochemical analysis of the heart revealed an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cytochromecby cardiomyocytes of WPS-exposed mice. Moreover, hearts of WPS-exposed mice showed the presence of focal interstitial fibrosis. WPS exposure significantly increased heart DNA damage assessed by Comet assay. We conclude that chronic nose-only exposure to WPS impairs cardiovascular homeostasis. Our findings provide evidence that long-term exposure to WPS is harmful to the cardiovascular system and supports interventions to control the spread of WPS, particularly amid youths.NEW & NOTEWORTHYNo data are available on the chronic cardiovascular effects of water-pipe smoke (WPS). Our findings provide experimental evidence that chronic exposure to WPS increased blood pressure, relative heart weight, troponin I, and B-type natriuretic peptide in plasma and induced hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and thrombosis. Moreover, WPS caused cardiac oxidative stress, DNA damage, and fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; anemmar@uaeu.ac.ae.
authors.forename: Abderrahim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nemmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Suhail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Salam
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuvaraju
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Sumaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beegam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; and.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yasin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Sultanate of Oman.
authors.forename: Badreldin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D005355:Fibrosis; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D010313:Partial Pressure; D010841:Pia Mater; D010976:Platelet Count; D012906:Smoke; D012907:Smoking; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood*; D014699:Venules; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D019210:Troponin I; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D045304:Cytochromes c; D002263:Carboxyhemoglobin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: DNA damage; blood gas; blood pressure; chronic nose-only exposure; heart; oxidative stress; thrombosis; water-pipe smoke