title: Association of the Cholinergic Muscarinic M2 Receptor with Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Patients with Schizophrenia on High-Dose Antipsychotics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with schizophrenia have abnormal autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity compared with the general population. One reason for this difference is the muscarinic affinity for antipsychotic drugs; therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the muscarinic receptor gene influence this ANS dysfunction. This study sought to determine the effect of SNPs of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor (CHRM) gene on ANS activity in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic drugs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 173 Japanese patients with schizophrenia were included in this study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured as an index of ANS activity. SNPs in CHRM1 (rs542269 and rs2075748), CHRM2 (rs324640, rs8191992, rs1824024, and rs7810473), and CHRM3 (rs3738435, rs4620530, and rs6429157) were genotyped using the TaqMan® method. Patients were grouped according to standard equivalent conversions of chlorpromazine (CP) into a high-CP group (HG; ≥1,000 mg) and a low-CP group (LG; <1,000 mg). ANS activity was compared between the groups. In addition, we compared the total, low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF components of the patients' HRV, and the genotype of the SNPs in both the HG and LG groups. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons, and the Bonferroni-corrected critical p value was <0.005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The A allele of the CHRM2 rs8191992 polymorphism in HG was associated with decreased ANS activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show reduced ANS activity in association with the CHRM2 rs8191992 polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia on high-dose antipsychotics. CHRM2 polymorphisms may play an important role in ANS activity in patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Yohko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujibayashi
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taguri
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritani
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000235:genetics*; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000235:genetics*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C086088:CHRM1 protein, human; C487078:CHRM2 protein, human; C000595896:CHRM3 protein, human; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D043587:Receptor, Muscarinic M3; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic