title: Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in young adults born preterm-The ESTER study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Young adults born preterm have higher levels of cardio metabolic risk factors and they report less physical activity than their peers born at term. Physical activity provides important cardio metabolic health benefits. We hypothesized that objectively measured physical activity levels are lower and time spent sedentary is higher among preterm-born individuals compared with controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied unimpaired participants of the ESTER birth cohort study at age 23.3 y (SD: 1.2): 60 born early preterm (<34 wk), 108 late preterm (34-36 wk), and 178 at term (controls). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph).
  
  
  RESULTS
  As compared with controls' (mean physical activity, 303 counts per minute (cpm; SD 129)), physical activity was similar among adults born early preterm (mean difference = 21 cpm, 95% CI -61, 19) or late preterm (5 cpm, -27, 38). Time spent sedentary was also similar. Adjustments for early life confounders or current mediating characteristics did not change the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to our hypothesis, we found no difference in objectively measured physical activity or time spent sedentary between adults born preterm and at term. The previously reported differences may be limited to physical activity captured by self-report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjaana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tikanmäki
authors.affiliation: LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Tuija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tammelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaseva
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sipola-Leppänen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.|Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Hanna-Maria
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Matinolli
authors.affiliation: LIKES Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Harto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.|Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.|Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Epidemiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.affiliation: PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Department of Welfare, Children, Adolescents and Families Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vääräsmäki
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu and Helsinki, Finland.|PEDEGO Research Unit (Research Unit for Pediatrics, Dermatology, Clinical Genetics, Obstetrics and Gynecology), Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.|Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kajantie
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D047928:Premature Birth; D012307:Risk Factors; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D057566:Self Report; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult