title: Transdermal skin patch based on reduced graphene oxide: A new approach for photothermal triggered permeation of ondansetron across porcine skin.
abstract: The development of a skin-mounted patch capable of controlled transcutaneous delivery of therapeutics through thermal activation provides a unique solution for the controlled release of active principles over long-term periods. Here, we report on a flexible transdermal patch for photothermal triggered release of ondansetron (ODS), a commonly used drug for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and used as model compound here. To achieve this, a dispersion of ODS-loaded reduced graphene oxide (rGO-ODS) nanosheets were deposited onto Kapton to produce a flexible polyimide-based patch. It is demonstrated that ODS loaded Kapton/rGO patches have a high drug delivery performance upon irradiation with a continuous laser beam at 980nm for 10min due to an induced photothermal heating effect. The ability of ODS impregnated Kapton/rGO patches as transdermal delivery scaffolds for ODS across the skin is in addition investigated using porcine ear skin as a model. We show that the cumulative quantity and flux of ODS passing the skin are highly depending on the laser power density used. At 5Wcm-2irradiation, the ODS flux across pig skin was determined to be 1.6μgcm-2h-1comparable to other approaches. The use of tween 20 as skin enhancer could significantly increase the ODS flux to 13.2μgcm-2h-1. While the skin penetration enhancement is comparable to that obtained using other well-known permeation enhancers, the actual superiority and interest of the proposed approach is that the Kapton/rGO photoactivatable skin patch can be loaded with any drugs and therapeutics of interest, making the approach extremely versatile. The on demand delivery of drugs upon local laser irradiation and the possibility to reload the interface with the drug makes this new drug administration route very appealing.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Florina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Teodorescu
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, European Genomic Institute of Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR 8199, Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Gurvan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quéniat
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: catherine.foulon@univ-lille2.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foulon
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, EA 7365 - GRITA-Groupe de Recherche sur les formes Injectables et les Technologies Associées, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lecoeur
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barras
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Environnement de Skikda (LGCES), Université 20 Août 1955-Skikda, Algeria.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boulahneche
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Environnement de Skikda (LGCES), Université 20 Août 1955-Skikda, Algeria.
authors.forename: Mohmaed Salah
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Medjram
authors.affiliation: University Lille 2, CHU Lille, INSERM, European Genomic Institute of Diabetes (EGID), INSERM, UMR 1190, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.affiliation: University Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, European Genomic Institute of Diabetes (EGID) FR 3508, UMR 8199, Génomique Intégrative et Modélisation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abderrahmani
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France.
authors.forename: Rabah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boukherroub
authors.affiliation: Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ISEN, Univ. Valenciennes, UMR 8520 - IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France. Electronic address: sabine.szunerits@univ-lille1.fr.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szunerits
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006108:Graphite / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007834:Lasers; D008027:Light; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013552:Swine; D057968:Transdermal Patch
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D010087:Oxides; D017294:Ondansetron; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Drugs; Kapton flexible transdermal patch; Ondansetron; Photothermal release; Reduced graphene oxide