title: Effects of different doses of cadmium on secondary metabolites and gene expression in Artemisia annua L.
abstract: This study aims to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of artemisinin accumulation induced by Cd. The effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 20, 60, and 120 μmol/L) on the biosynthesis of Artemisia annua L. were examined. Intermediate and end products were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The expression of key biosynthesis enzymes was also determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the application of treatment with 60 and 120 μmol/L Cd for 3 days significantly improved the biosynthesis of artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, and artemisinin. The concentrations of artemisinic acid, arteannuin B, and artemisinin in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group were 2.26, 102.08, and 33.63 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. The concentrations of arteannuin B and artemisinin in 60 μmol/L Cd-treated leaves were 61.10 and 26.40 times higher than those in the control group, respectively. The relative expression levels of HMGR, FPS, ADS, CYP71AV1, DBR2, ALDH1, and DXR were up-regulated in the 120 μmol/L Cd-treated group because of increased contents of artemisinic metabolites after 3 days of treatment. Hence, appropriate doses of Cd can increase the concentrations of artemisinic metabolites at a certain time point by up-regulating the relative expression levels of key enzyme genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Liangyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Jinfu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100523, China.
authors.forename: Yizhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
authors.forename: Thomas Avery
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Garran
authors.affiliation: The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China. glp01@126.com.
authors.forename: Lanping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D031172:Artemisia annua / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D037621:Artemisinins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D037621:Artemisinins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Artemisia annua L.; Cd; gene expressions; secondary metabolites