title: Supplementation with nutrients modulating insulin-like growth factor-1 negatively correlated with changes in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in community-dwelling elderly people at risk of undernutrition.
abstract: Suboptimal nutrition accompanied by chronic low-grade increases in circulating cytokine levels is more common in elderly people. We explored the improvement in nutritional status, especially in the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its relationship with changes in circulating cytokine levels, after providing extra protein and energy content to community-dwelling older adults at risk of undernutrition.
  
  
  
  Sixty nondiabetic subjects, aged ≥65 years and living independently in a community for elderly people, with a serum pre-albumin level ≤30 mg dL-1and a body mass index <25 kg m-2, were recruited. The subjects were followed for a 2-week pre-intervention period, during which they maintained routine dietary habits. This was followed by an intervention period, during which they received oral nutritional supplementation for 2 weeks.
  
  
  
  Following 2 weeks of intervention, there were significant increases in total lymphocyte count (TLC) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, pre-albumin and transferrin compared to baseline. Body weight and mid-arm circumference significantly increased without alteration of tricep skinfold thickness at the end of the intervention. There was a significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 levels and a trend toward a decrease in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. At baseline, age was negatively correlated with IGF-1 levels and positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α levels. The change (▵, from baseline) in IGF-1 level was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with ▵IL-6 and ▵TNF-α.
  
  
  
  A 2-week intervention with oral nutritional supplementation improved nutritional status and decreased circulating cytokine levels. Specifically, ▵IGF-1 was negatively correlated with changes in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in community-dwelling elderly people at risk of undernutrition. (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02656186).
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Goyang-si Heendol Community Welfare Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Yonsei University Dairy R&D Center, Asan, Korea.
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, National Health Insurance Corporation, Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Silver Science, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.|Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C583557:IGF1 protein, human; D018977:Micronutrients; D012709:Serum Albumin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
keywords: IGF-1; cytokines; nutritional status; nutritional supplement; the elderly