title: Analysis of Global Radiotherapy Needs and Costs by Geographic Region and Income Level.
abstract: Recent years have seen various reviews on the lack of access to radiotherapy often based on geographic regions of the world such as Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe, Latin America and North America. Countries are often defined by their national income per capita levels based on World Bank definitions of high income, upper middle income, lower middle income and low income. Within the world regions, there are significant variations in gross national income (GNI) per capita among the different countries, and even within similar income levels, large variations exist. This report presents the actual status of radiotherapy and analyses the current needs and costs to provide full access in the different regions of the world. Actual coverage of the needs ranges from 34% in Africa to over 92% in Europe to about double the needs in North America. In line with this, proportional additional investments and operational costs are as high as more than 200% in Africa to almost none in North America. Two world regions face substantial challenges: Africa, based on the important demands to build new capacity and subsequently to maintain operational capability; and Asia Pacific, due to its high population density, translating into large absolute needs in radiotherapy treatments and resources, and hence in associated costs. With the data highlighting a large variability of GNI/capita even within similar income levels in the various world regions, it is expected that additional investment in resources and costs may be more dependent on income level of the country than on the GNI group or the geographic region of the world.
authors.affiliation: International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: zubi.iaea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zubizarreta
authors.affiliation: Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Dyk
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology Department, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lievens
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D001208:Asia; D003906:Developing Countries; D005060:Europe; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012923:Social Class
keywords: Access; low- and middle-income countries; radiotherapy availability; radiotherapy costs; radiotherapy needs; world regions