title: Meniere's, migraine, and motion sickness.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated Motion Sickness Susceptibility (MSS) in Meniere?s disease (MD) is likely to be a consequence of the onset of MD and not migraine per se.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Pathologies of the vestibular system influence MSS. Bilateral vestibular deficits lower MSS, vestibular neuritis or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo have little overall effect, whereas vestibular migraine elevates MSS. However, less is known about MSS in MD, a condition in which many patients experience vestibular loss and migraine symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted an online survey that posed diagnostic and disease questions before addressing frequency of headaches, migraines, visual display dizziness (VDD), syncope, social life, and work impact of dizziness (SWID4) and motion sickness susceptibility (MSSQ). The two groups were: diagnosed MD individuals with hearing loss (n = 751) and non-MD individuals in the control group (n = 400).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MD group showed significantly elevated MSS, more headache and migraine, increased VDD, higher SWID4 scores, and increased syncope. MSS was higher in MD than controls only after the development of MD, but not before, nor in childhood. Although elevated in MD compared with controls, MSS was lower than migraine patients from past data. Multivariate analysis revealed VDD, SWID4, and MSS in adulthood as the strongest predictors of MD, but not headache nor migraine.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Westminster , London , UK.|b Department of Neuro-otology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital Campus , London , UK.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neuro-otology, Division of Brain Sciences , Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital Campus , London , UK.
authors.forename: Mitesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D009041:Motion Sickness / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Meniere’s disease; Motion sickness; headache; migraine; vestibular