title: Total HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in healthy children - Associations with adiposity and dietary intakes of mother and child.
abstract: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol efflux capacity in adults may be a measure of the atheroprotective property of HDL. Little however, is known about HDL cholesterol efflux capacity in childhood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and childhood anthropometrics in a longitudinal study.
  
  
  
  Seventy-five children (mean age = 9.4 ± 0.4 years) were followed from birth until the age of 9 years. HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was determined at age 9 by incubating serum-derived HDL-supernatants with3H-cholesterol labeled J774 macrophages and percentage efflux determined. Mothers provided dietary information by completing food frequency questionnaires in early pregnancy and then 5 years later on behalf of themselves and their children. Pearson's correlations and multiple regression analyses were conducted to confirm independent associations with HDL efflux. There was a negative correlation between HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and waist circumference at age 5 (r = -0.3, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and BMI at age 5 (r = -0.45, p = 0.01) and age 9 (r = -0.19, p = 0.1). Multiple regression analysis showed that BMI at age 5 remained significantly associated with reduced HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). HDL-C was negatively correlated with energy-adjusted fat intake (r = -0.24, p = 0.04) and positively correlated with energy-adjusted protein (r = 0.24, p = 0.04) and starch (r = 0.29, p = 0.01) intakes during pregnancy. HDL-C was not significantly correlated with children dietary intake at age 5. There were no significant correlations between maternal or children dietary intake and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity.
  
  
  
  This novel analysis shows that efflux capacity is negatively associated with adiposity in early childhood independent of HDL-C.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland. Electronic address: Hala.khalil@ucdconnect.ie.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murrin
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group, Ireland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Viljoen
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Segurado
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Somerville
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics Research Group, Ireland; School of Medicine, UCD Conway Institute, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McGillicuddy
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Woodview House, Belfield, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Kelleher
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL
keywords: Childhood adiposity; Diet; HDL cholesterol efflux