title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characterization of a novel formulation containing co-formulated interferons alpha-2b and gamma in healthy male volunteers.
abstract: More potent antitumor activity is desired in Interferon (IFN)-treated cancer patients. This could be achieved by combining IFN alpha and IFN gamma. The aim of this work was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a novel formulation containing a co-formulated combination of IFNs alpha-2b and gamma (CIGB-128-A).
  
  
  
  A group of nine healthy male subjects received intramuscularly 24.5 × 106IU of CIGB-128-A. IFN concentrations were evaluated for 48 h. Serum neopterin, beta2-microglobulin (β2M) and 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5' OAS), classical IFN-inducible serum markers, were measured during 192 h by enzyme immunoassay and body temperature was used as pharmacodynamic variable as well.
  
  
  
  Concerning pharmacokinetics, serum IFNs' profiles were better fitted to a mono-compartmental model with consecutive zero order and first order absorption, one bioavailability value. No interferences by simultaneous administered IFNs were observed in their typical similar systemic profiles. Neopterin and β2M time profiles showed a delay that was efficiently linked to pharmacokinetics by means of a zero order absorption rate constant. Neopterin level was nine-fold higher than initial values, 48 h post-administration, an increment not described before. At this time, mean serum β2M peaked around the double from baseline. Serum concentrations of the enzyme 2'-5' OAS was still elevated on the 8 day post-injection. The formulation was well tolerated. Most frequent adverse reactions were fever, headache, arthralgia and lymphopenia, mostly mild.
  
  
  
  The administration of co-formulated IFN alpha-2b and IFN gamma likely provides improved pharmacodynamic properties that may be beneficial to treat several malignancies.
  
  
  
  Cuban Public Registry of Clinical Trials RPCEC00000118 , May 24, 2011.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Idrian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-García
authors.affiliation: Isotope Center, San José de las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández-González
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicology, "Carlos J. Finlay" University Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Díaz-Machado
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicology, "Carlos J. Finlay" University Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González-Delgado
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicology, "Carlos J. Finlay" University Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pérez-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Yanelda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: García-Vega
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campos-Mojena
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Ángela D
authors.initials: ÁD
authors.lastname: Tuero-Iglesias
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Valenzuela-Silva
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Alieski
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: National Center for Toxicology, "Carlos J. Finlay" University Hospital, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Alis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martín-Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Development Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Santana-Milián
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: López-Saura
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Direction, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Ave. 134 b/23 and 25, Cubanacán, Playa, P.O. Box 6332, Havana, Cuba. iraldo.bello@cigb.edu.cu.
authors.forename: Iraldo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bello-Rivero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase; Beta2-microglobulin; Interferons; Neopterin; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics