title: Limitations for phytoextraction management on metal-polluted soils with poplar short rotation coppice-evidence from a 6-year field trial.
abstract: Poplar clones were studied for their phytoextraction capacity in the second growth cycle (6-year growth) on a site in the Belgian Campine region, which is contaminated with Cd and Zn via historic atmospheric deposition of nearby zinc smelter activities. The field trial revealed regrowth problems for some clones that could not be predicted in the first growth cycle. Four allometric relations were assessed for their capacity to predict biomass yield in the second growth cycle. A power function based on the shoot diameter best estimates the biomass production of poplar with R2values between 0.94 and 0.98. The woody biomass yield ranged from 2.1 to 4.8 ton woody Dry Mass (DM) ha-1y-1. The primary goal was to reduce soil concentrations of metals caused by phytoextraction. Nevertheless, increased metal concentrations were determined in the topsoil. This increase can partially be explained by the input of metals from deeper soil layers in the top soil through litterfall. The phytoextraction option with poplar short rotation coppice in this setup did not lead to the intended soil remediation in a reasonable time span. Therefore, harvest of the leaf biomass is put forward as a crucial part of the strategy for soil remediation through Cd/Zn phytoextraction.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Annicaerta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.affiliation: b Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management , Ghent University , Gontrode , Belgium.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Van Nevel
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Fraeye
authors.affiliation: c Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek , Geraardsbergen.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meiresonne
authors.affiliation: d Centre for Environmental Sciences (CMK), Hasselt University , Campus Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek , Belgium.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vangronsveld
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: F M G
authors.initials: FMG
authors.lastname: Tack
authors.affiliation: e Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon, South-Korea & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meers
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D018515:Plant Leaves; D032107:Populus; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Cadmium (Cd); Campine region; phytoextraction; poplar; short rotation coppice; zinc (Zn)