title: Treadmill walking exercise modulates bone mineral status and inflammatory cytokines in obese asthmatic patients with long term intake of corticosteroids.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity and asthma are an important public health problem in Saudi Arabia. An increasing body of data supports the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for asthma. Asthma appears to be associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) due to long-term use of corticosteroids. Studies recently showed that weight bearing exercise training can increase mineral bone density, reduce weight and improve metabolic control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to measure the effects of treadmill walking exercises on bone mineral status and inflammatory cytokines in obese asthmatic patients treated with long term intake of corticosteroids.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty obese asthmatic patients of both sexes, their age ranged from 41 to 53 years. Subjects were divided into two equal groups: training group (group A) received aerobic exercise training on treadmill for six months in addition to the medical treatment where, the control group (group B) received only the medical treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study indicated a significant increase in BMD of the lumbar spine & the radius, serum calcium and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) & significant reduction in parathyroid hormone, leptin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha(TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and body mass index (BMI) in group (A), while these changes were not significant in group (B).Also; there was a significant difference between both groups at the end of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treadmill walking exercise training is an effective treatment policy to improve bone mineral status and modulates inflammatory cytokines and blood lipids profile in obese asthmatic patients with long term intake of corticosteroids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shehab M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Kader
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Osama H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Al-Jiffri
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Eman M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Ashmawy
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Riziq Allah M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gaowgzeh
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Bone mineral density; bronchial asthma; exercises; inflammatory cytokines; inhaled corticosteroids; obesity