title: Genome-wide Analysis of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene Family and Their Response to Abiotic Stresses in Soybean.
abstract: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays an important role in assimilating atmospheric CO2during C4and crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis, and also participates in various non-photosynthetic processes, including fruit ripening, stomatal opening, supporting carbon-nitrogen interactions, seed formation and germination, and regulation of plant tolerance to stresses. However, a comprehensive analysis of PEPC family in Glycine max has not been reported. Here, a total of ten PEPC genes were identified in soybean and denominated as GmPEPC1-GmPEPC10. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the PEPC proteins from 13 higher plant species including soybean, PEPC family could be classified into two subfamilies, which was further supported by analyses of their conserved motifs and gene structures. Nineteen cis-regulatory elements related to phytohormones, abiotic and biotic stresses were identified in the promoter regions of GmPEPC genes, indicating their roles in soybean development and stress responses. GmPEPC genes were expressed in various soybean tissues and most of them responded to the exogenously applied phytohormones. GmPEPC6, GmPEPC8 and GmPEPC9 were significantly induced by aluminum toxicity, cold, osmotic and salt stresses. In addition, the enzyme activities of soybean PEPCs were also up-regulated by these treatments, suggesting their potential roles in soybean response to abiotic stresses.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yahui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Songnan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/National Center for Soybean Improvement/Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean (General, Ministry of Agriculture)/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
authors.forename: Junyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gai
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000633:toxicity; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D000535:Aluminum; D010730:Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase