title: Electrochemical in Situ Tracking of Volumetric Changes in Two-Dimensional Metal Carbides (MXenes) in Ionic Liquids.
abstract: We report the volumetric changes of MXenes in contact with different ionic liquids and the swelling/contraction during electrochemical voltage cycling by complementing electrochemical dilatometry with in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. A drastic, initial, and irreversible volume expansion of MXenes occurs during first contact to ionic liquids (wetting). Voltage cycling evidenced a highly reversible expansion and contraction of electrodes at a very large amplitude of strain (corresponding with max. 12 vol %), which may allow the use of MXene as a high-performance electrochemical actuator.
authors.affiliation: INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jäckel
authors.affiliation: INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krüner
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Van Aken
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alhabeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anasori
authors.affiliation: INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaasik
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering & A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute, Drexel University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Yury
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gogotsi
authors.affiliation: INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Presser
keywords: MXene; electrochemical dilatometry; in situ XRD; ionic liquid; pseudocapacitance