title: RevisitingVitis viniferaSubtilase Gene Family: A Possible Role in Grapevine Resistance againstPlasmopara viticola.
abstract: Subtilisin-like proteases, also known as subtilases, are a very diverse family of serine peptidases present in many organisms. In grapevine, there are hints of the involvement of subtilases in defense mechanisms, but their role is not yet understood. The first characterization of the subtilase gene family was performed in 2014. However, simultaneously, the grapevine genome was re-annotated and several sequences were re-annotated or retrieved. We have performed a re-characterization of this family in grapevine and identified 82 genes coding for 97 putative proteins, as result of alternative splicing. All the subtilases identified present the characteristic S8 peptidase domain and the majority of them also have a pro-domain I9 inhibitor, a protease-associated (PA) domain, and a signal peptide for targeting to the secretory pathway. Phylogenetic studies revealed six subtilase groups denominatedVvSBT1 toVvSBT6. As several evidences have highlighted the participation of plant subtilases in response to biotic stimulus, we have investigated subtilase participation in grapevine resistance toPlasmopara viticola, the causative agent of downy mildew. Fourteen grapevine subtilases presenting either high homology to P69C from tomato, SBT3.3 fromArabidopsis thalianaor located near the Resistance toP. viticola(RPV) locus were selected. Expression studies were conducted in the grapevine-P. viticolapathosystem with resistant and susceptible cultivars. Our results may indicate that some of grapevine subtilisins are potentially participating in the defense response against this biotrophic oomycete.
authors.affiliation: Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gonçalo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology and Population Genomics Group, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Octávio S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Paulo
authors.affiliation: Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malhó
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de FTICR e Espectrometria de Massa Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal; Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaLisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sousa Silva
authors.affiliation: Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Andreia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
keywords: Plasmopara viticola; Vitis vinifera; gene expression; immunity; subtilases