title: Combined femoral and sciatic nerve block versus femoral and local infiltration anesthesia for pain control after total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effect of combined femoral and sciatic nerve block (SNB) versus femoral and local infiltration anesthesia (LIA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from their inception to 15 June 2016. Articles comparing combined femoral and SNB versus femoral and LIA for pain control were eligible for this meta-analysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA statement criteria. The primary endpoint was the visual analogue scale (VAS) score with rest at 12, 24, and 48 h, which represents the pain control after TKA. Data regarding active knee flexion, length of hospital stay, anesthesia time, and morphine use at 24 and 48 h were also compiled. The complications of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and fall were also noted to assess the safety of morphine-sparing effects. After testing for publication bias and heterogeneity across studies, the data were aggregated for random-effects modeling when necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven clinical trials with 615 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that SNB was associated with a lower VAS score at 12 h (MD = -6.96; 95% CI -8.36 to -5.56; P < 0.001) and 48 h (MD = -2.41; 95% CI -3.90 to -0.91; P < 0.001) after TKA. There was no significant difference between the SNB group and the LIA group in terms of the VAS score at 24 h (MD = 0.67; 95% CI -0.31 to 1.66; P = 0.182). The anesthesia time in the LIA group was shorter than in the SNB group, and the difference was statistically significant (MD = 4.31, 95% CI 1.34 to 7.28, P = 0.004). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of active knee flexion, length of hospital stay, morphine use, PONV, and the occurrence of falls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNB may provide earlier anesthesia effects than LIA when combined femoral nerve block (FNB); however, there were no differences in morphine use, active knee flexion, and PONV between the groups. The LIA group spent less time under anesthesia, suggesting that LIA may offer a practical and potentially safer alternative to SNB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, Shangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pain, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, Shangdong Province, China.
authors.forename: Xinlian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 318 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310005, China. 3508644855@qq.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Local infiltration anesthesia; Meta-analysis; Sciatic nerve block; Total knee replacement