title: Changes in body fatness affect cardiovascular outcomes more than changes in physical activity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyse whether changes in physical activity and body fatness are related to modifications in cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents. Material and methods A sample of 89 healthy adolescents was recruited for this study. We assessed habitual physical activity, body fat percentage, arterial thickness, blood sample, and biological maturation. Multivariate models were used to analyse the relationships between independent and dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical activity (mean difference: 429.4 steps [95% confidence interval=-427 to 1286]) and body fatness (mean difference: -0.7% [95% confidence interval=-1.6-0.2]) remained stable during the study period. Independent of changes in physical activity, for each percentage increase in body fatness, femoral intima-media thickness increased by 0.007 mm (β=0.007 [95% confidence interval=0.001-0.013]). Longitudinal relationships were found for high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β=-0.477 mg/dl [95% confidence interval=-0.805 to -0.149]) and triacylglycerol (β=2.329 mg/dl [95% confidence interval=0.275-4.384]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in body fatness are more important than the amount of physical activity on cardiovascular and metabolic risks.
authors.affiliation: 1Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences,Sao Paulo State University (UNESP),Rio Claro,Brazil.
authors.forename: Suziane U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Cayres
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Occupational Health,EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research,VU University Medical Center,VU University Amsterdam,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Han C G
authors.initials: HCG
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Physical Therapy,UNESP,Presidente Prudente,Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz C M
authors.initials: LCM
authors.lastname: Vanderlei
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Physical Education,Northern Parana University (UNOPAR),Londrina,Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliano
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casonatto
authors.affiliation: 5Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education,University of Coimbra,Coimbra,Portugal.
authors.forename: Aristides M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Machado-Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: 6Post-Graduate Program in Radiology,Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP),Sao Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Maurício F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: 7Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise - LIVE,Department of Physical Education,UNESP,Presidente Prudente,Brazil.
authors.forename: Rômulo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D002648:Child; D003720:Densitometry; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Adolescent; adiposity; atherosclerosis; dyslipidaemias; physical activity