title: Loudness and pitch perception using Dynamically Compensated Virtual Channels.
abstract: Reducing power consumption is important for the development of smaller cochlear implant (CI) speech processors. Simultaneous electrode stimulation may improve power efficiency by minimizing the required current applied to a given electrode. Simultaneous in-phase stimulation on adjacent electrodes (i.e. virtual channels) can be used to elicit pitch percepts intermediate to the ones provided by each of the physical electrodes in isolation. Virtual channels are typically implemented in monopolar stimulation mode, producing broad excitation patterns. Focused stimulation may reduce the excitation patterns, but is inefficient in terms of power consumption. To create a more power efficient virtual channel, we developed the Dynamically Compensated Virtual Channel (DC-VC) using four adjacent electrodes. The two central electrodes are current steered using the coefficient α (0<α<1 ) whereas the two flanking electrodes are used to focus/unfocus the stimulation with the coefficient σ (-1<σ<1). With increasing values of σ, power can be saved at the potential expense of generating broader electric fields. Additionally, reshaping the electric fields might also alter place pitch coding. The goal of the present study is to investigate the tradeoff between place pitch encoding and power savings using simultaneous electrode stimulation in the DC-VC configuration. A computational model and psychophysical experiments in CI users have been used for that purpose. Results from 10 adult Advanced Bionics CI users have been collected. Results show that the required current to produce comfortable levels is significantly reduced with increasing σ as predicted by the computational model. Moreover, no significant differences in the estimated number of discriminable steps were detected for the different values of σ. From these results, we conclude that DC-VCs can reduce power consumption without decreasing the number of discriminable place pitch steps.
authors.affiliation: Medical University Hannover, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: nogueiravazquez.waldo@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Waldo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Advanced Bionics LLC, Valencia, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leonid M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Litvak
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Landsberger
authors.affiliation: Medical University Hannover, Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Büchner
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception; D008875:Middle Aged; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010898:Pitch Perception; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013067:Speech Perception
keywords: Cochlear implant; Current steering; Finite element model; Focused stimulation; Loudness; Pitch; Strategy