title: Gold Nanoparticles as a Potential Cellular Probe for Tracking of Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.
abstract: Transplant of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) has attracted considerable interest for bone regeneration. However, noninvasive and real-time tracking of location and concentration of the implanted BMSCs remains a big challenge. Herein we designed a novel approach involving the surface modification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with silica layers and DNA Transfectin 3000 (TS) to improve biocompatibility and to enhance the uptake by BMSCs, hence rendering the ability of tracking BMSCs with dual-energy computer tomography (DECT). Results showed that the endocytosis of AuNPs@SiO2-TS by BMSCs was as high as ∼255 pg/cell after one-day incubation and did not obviously decrease after 14 days. Meanwhile, the AuNPs@SiO2-TS had no influence on the viability, cell cycle, and capabilities on osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Under a bone-defect rabbit model, the DECT images showed the migration of BMSCs toward a cortical bone defect without variation in volume. This study demonstrated that AuNPs@SiO2-TS could be a potential cellular probe for noninvasive and real-time tracking of BMSCs in bone tissue repairs using clinical CT or DECT techniques. It provided a novel and intuitive methodology for observing and investigating the bone regeneration in clinic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.|Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Daqian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Dexin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kaicheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Kerong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006046:Gold; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D010012:Osteogenesis; D011817:Rabbits; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D013234:Stem Cells; D014054:Tomography
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: bone reparing; dual-energy CT; nanoprobe; stem cells; tracking