title: Anticancer and antibacterial secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. CAM64 against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emergence of multiple-drug resistance bacteria has become a major threat and thus calls for an urgent need to search for new effective and safe anti-bacterial agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate the anticancer and antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites fromPenicillium sp.,an endophytic fungus associated with leaves ofGarcinia nobilis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The culture filtrate from the fermentation ofPenicillium sp.was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the major metabolites were isolated and identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with published data. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed by broth microdilution method while the anticancer activity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fractionation of the crude extract afforded penialidin A-C (1-3), citromycetin (4), p-hydroxyphenylglyoxalaldoxime (5) and brefelfin A (6). All of the compounds tested here showed antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.50 - 128 µg/mL) against Gramnegative multi-drug resistance bacteria,Vibrio cholerae(causative agent of dreadful disease cholera) andShigella flexneri(causative agent of shigellosis), as well as the significant anticancer activity (LC50= 0.88 - 9.21 µg/mL) against HeLa cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained indicate that compounds 1-6 showed good antibacterial and anticancer activities with no toxicity to human red blood cells and normal Vero cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jean-Bosco
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jouda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, India.
authors.forename: Jean-de-Dieu
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tamokou
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Céline Djama
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Mbazoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, India.
authors.forename: Prodipta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700 019, India.
authors.forename: Prasanta Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wandji
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: Garcinia nobilis; antibacterial activity; anticancer activity; endophytic fungi; secondary metabolites