title: Structural Characterization and Immunological Activities of a Novel Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fruiting Bodies of Culinary-Medicinal Winter Mushroom, Flammulina velutipes (Agaricomycetes).
abstract: A water-soluble polysaccharide, designated FVPA2, was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Flammulina velutipes using DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and gel-permeation chromatography. Its structure was elucidated by monosaccharide composition and methylation analysis, ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results showed that FVPA2 was a homogeneous heteropolysaccharide containing galactose, fucose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 5:1:1. High-performance liquid chromatography indicated its molecular weight as 3.4 × 104 Da. FVPA2 also has a repeating unit. In vitro immunomodulatory studies showed that Raw264.7 cells were stimulated to secret nitric oxide upon administration of 200-500 µg/mL FVPA2. FVPA2 also stimulated the proliferation of mouse spleen lymphocytes and B lymphocytes.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, and the Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China; College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) of Ministry of Agriculture, China. National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, and the Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Han
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Applied Mycological Resources and Utilization of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, and the Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institut fur Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie; Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charite-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South) of Ministry of Agriculture, China. National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, and Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Bao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055393:Flammulina / Q000737:chemistry*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide