title: Fifteen years of epidemiologic, virologic and syndromic influenza surveillance: A focus on type B virus and the effects of vaccine mismatch in Liguria region, Italy.
abstract: In order to estimate the burden of influenza and to describe the genetic evolutionary pattern and antigenic variability of type B viral strains, data deriving from 3 surveillance systems active in Liguria region, Northern Italy, were described. Since the re-emergence of the Victoria lineage in 2001, the clinical-epidemiological and syndromic surveillances demonstrated the heavy burden of influenza like illness (ILI) syndrome. Focusing on type B influenza virus, it predominated or played a relevant epidemic role in the 50% of the evaluated influenza seasons. Furthermore, the virologic surveillance demonstrated the frequent co-circulation of both lineages an heterogeneous circulation of different influenza B strains, determining a partial or complete mismatch in at least 6 influenza seasons. The undemonstrated cross-reactivity between lineages and the unpredictability of predominant lineage arose the scientific debate about the opportunity to include the quadrivalent influenza vaccine among the preventive tools to improve the protection against type B viruses. The integration of different surveillance systems highly contribute to estimate the poorly evaluated burden of type B influenza virus and help to find variants to include in the vaccine formulation.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trucchi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alicino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.|b O.U. Hygiene, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paganino
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barberis
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grammatico
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canepa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rappazzo
authors.affiliation: b O.U. Hygiene, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Bianca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bruzzone
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.|c O.U. Clinical Governance and Hospital Organization, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sticchi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Sciences , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.|c O.U. Clinical Governance and Hospital Organization, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST , Genoa , Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ansaldi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009981:Influenza B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines
keywords: epidemiology; influenza; mismatch; surveillance; vaccine