title: Human papillomaviruses in colorectal cancers: A case-control study in western patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers. As in other cancer locations, the involvement of human papillomaviruses (HPV) has been suggested but remains highly debated with wide differences among reported prevalence of HPV infection in CRCs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the actual prevalence of high risk HPV16 and 18 in a large case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  CRC specimens were used for analysis of both tumor and distant healthy tissue. As a non-malignant control group, samples from sigmoid diverticulosis resections were studied. Detection of HPV16 and HPV18 DNA was performed using a real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ten percent of tumor samples were also randomly subjected to a complete HPV genotyping using the INNO-LiPA technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  467 samples were analyzed: 217 tumor samples from 210 CRCs, 210 distant healthy tissue samples, and 40 sigmoid samples. HPV18 DNA was never amplified and HPV16 was amplified only three times in tumor tissues with viral loads under or at the limit of quantification. New extraction from the same tumor blocks for these samples revealed no HPV with qPCR and INNO-Lipa assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With adequate procedures and reliable techniques, no HPV was detected in the largest case-control study so far, bringing more evidence on the absence of involvement of HPV in CRCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France; Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France. Electronic address: lvuitton@chu-besancon.fr.
authors.forename: Lucine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vuitton
authors.affiliation: Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaillet
authors.affiliation: Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France; Signalling Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacquin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monnien
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heberle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mihai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Belfort-Montbéliard Hospital, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lassabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Belfort-Montbéliard Hospital, France.
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raffoul
authors.affiliation: Centre de Méthodologie Clinique, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puyraveau
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive and Oncologic Surgery - Liver Transplantation Unit, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Zaher
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lakkis
authors.affiliation: Department of Sigestive Surgery, Belfort-Montbéliard Hospital, France.
authors.forename: Najib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lamfichekh
authors.affiliation: Department of Sigestive Surgery, Belfort-Montbéliard Hospital, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picard
authors.affiliation: Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Prétet
authors.affiliation: Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mougin
authors.affiliation: Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, EA3181, Besançon, France; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France.
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valmary-Degano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D005838:Genotype; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D052161:Human papillomavirus 18 / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: Case-control study; Colorectal cancer; Human papillomavirus (HPV); Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)