title: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: current update on treatment and allocation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review discusses the current imaging modalities and criteria used to diagnose, and the role of liver transplantation as well as nonsurgical hepatic-directed therapies to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in the setting of chronic liver disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There has been continual evolution of guidelines, policies, and algorithms for the imaging diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, particularly the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System. The use of liver-directed therapy as a bridge to transplant is now common practice. Recently, patients have waited 6 months from listing before being granted a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception score of 28, with an increase every 3 months to a maximum score of 34. This policy change was developed to reduce disparities in outcomes for patients undergoing liver transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of liver transplantation to treat hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria has good outcomes with a 5-year disease-free survival rate comparable to patients transplanted without malignancy. The development of guidelines both for the radiologic diagnosis and staging of the primary tumor and guidelines for assessing response to treatment allows for a more unified approach to the management of patients. With the partnership of oncologists, hepatologists, radiologists, pathologists, and surgeons, the outcomes of liver transplantation as treatment for hepatocellular continue to improve.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, Washington University bDepartment of Radiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Leigh Anne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dageforde
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chapman
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome