title: Extensive genetic diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in multiple mosquito species.
abstract: Rickettsiales are important zoonotic pathogens, causing severe disease in humans globally. Although mosquitoes are an important vector for diverse pathogens, with the exception of members of the genus Wolbachia little is known about their role in the transmission of Rickettsiales. Herein, Rickettsiales were identified by PCR in five species of mosquitoes (Anopheles sinensis, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus and Cu. tritaeniorhynchus) collected from three Chinese provinces during 2014-2015. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of the rrs, groEL and gltA genes revealed the presence of Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Candidatus Neoehrlichia, and Rickettsia bacteria in mosquitoes, comprising nine documented and five tentative species bacteria, as well as three symbionts/endosybionts. In addition, bacteria were identified in mosquito eggs, larvae, and pupae sampled from aquatic environments. Hence, these data suggest that Rickettsiales circulate widely in mosquitoes in nature. Also of note was that Ehrlichia and Rickettsia bacteria were detected in each life stage of laboratory cultured mosquitoes, suggesting that Rickettsiales may be maintained in mosquitoes through both transstadial and transovarial transmission. In sum, these data indicate that mosquitoes may have played an important role in the transmission and evolution of Rickettsiales in nature.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Wuhan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Wenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Dan
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Si-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University for the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: J Stephen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dumler
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.|Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Zoonoses, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012281:Rickettsia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial