title: Improving ultrasound for appendicitis through standardized reporting of secondary signs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to implement a standardized US report that included secondary signs of appendicitis (SS) to facilitate accurate diagnosis of appendicitis and decrease the use of computed tomography (CT) and admissions for observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary team implemented a quality improvement (QI) intervention in the form of a standardized US report and provided stakeholders with monthly feedback. Outcomes including report compliance, CT use, and observation admissions were compared pretemplate and posttemplate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 387 patients in the pretemplate period and 483 patients in the posttemplate period. In the posttemplate period, the reporting of SS increased from 5.4% to 79.5% (p<0.001). Despite lower rates of appendix visualization (43.9% to 32.7%, p<0.001) with US, overall CT use (8.5% vs 7.0%, p=0.41) and the negative appendectomy rate remained stable (1.0% vs 1.0%, p=1.0). CT utilization for patients with an equivocal ultrasound and SS present decreased (36.4% vs 8.9%, p=0.002) and admissions for observations decreased (21.5% vs 15.3%, p=0.02). Test characteristics of RLQ US for appendicitis also improved in the posttemplate period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A focused QI initiative led to high compliance rates of utilizing the standardized US report and resulted in lower CT use and fewer admissions for observation. Study of a Diagnostic Test Level of Evidence: 1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Partain
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Adarsh U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Travers
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Heather L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kiery
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology and Imaging Services, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loewen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: mehulvraval@emory.edu.
authors.forename: Mehul V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Raval
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001062:Appendectomy; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D001065:Appendix / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058996:Quality Improvement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Appendicitis; Quality improvement; Secondary signs; Ultrasound