title: Phenylanthraquinones and flavone-C-glucosides from the disjunct Bulbinella in New Zealand.
abstract: The genera Bulbine, Bulbinella and Kniphofia produce phenylanthraquinones and are mostly found in southern Africa, although a disjunct group of Bulbinella species endemic to New Zealand also contain phenylanthraquinones as reported herein. The sub-Antarctic megaherb B. rossii yielded sulphated phenylanthraquinones, including a phenylanthraquinone found to carry a sulphated glycoside substituent, 4'-O-demethylknipholone-4'-β-D-xylopyranosyl-3″-sulphate. A sensitive HPLC method was used to analyse 5 of the 6 New Zealand Bulbinella species, all of which contained phenylanthraquinones. Leaves and roots had different profiles, but species were not distinct. Roots were rich in sulphated and free phenylanthraquinones (0.27 ± 0.09% dry wt), whereas leaves typically only contained free knipholone (0.14 ± 0.01%). Localisation of phenylanthraquinones to the stele and peel was observed in roots. Two flavone-C-glucosides were found in leaves of Bulbinella.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Alistair T B
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Janice M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. Electronic address: nigel.perry@plantandfood.co.nz.
authors.forename: Nigel B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D000353:Africa, Southern; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D047309:Flavones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019668:Liliaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009520:New Zealand; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C000614551:4'-O-demethylknipholone-4'-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-3'-sulfate; D000880:Anthraquinones; D000962:Antimalarials; D047309:Flavones; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; C403586:knipholone; C027113:chrysophanic acid
keywords: Asphodelaceae; Atropisomerism; Bulbine; Bulbinella; Chemotaxonomy; Flavone-C-glucosides; New Zealand; Phenylanthraquinones