title: Integrated Evaluation Concept to Assess the Efficacy of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes for the Elimination of Micropollutants and Pathogens.
abstract: A multidisciplinary concept has been developed to compare advanced wastewater treatment processes for their efficacy of eliminating micropollutants and pathogens. The concept is based on (i) the removal/formation of selected indicator substances and their transformation products (TPs), (ii) the assessment of ecotoxicity via in vitro tests, and (iii) the removal of pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria. It includes substances passing biological wastewater treatment plants regulated or proposed to be regulated in the European Water Framework Directive, TPs formed in biological processes or during ozonation, agonistic/antagonistic endocrine activities, mutagenic/genotoxic activities, cytotoxic activities, further activities like neurotoxicity as well as antibiotics resistance genes, and taxonomic gene markers for pathogens. At a pilot plant, ozonation of conventionally treated wastewater resulted in the removal of micropollutants and pathogens and the reduction of estrogenic effects, whereas the in vitro mutagenicity increased. Subsequent post-treatment of the ozonated water by granular activated carbon (GAC) significantly reduced the mutagenic effects as well as the concentrations of remaining micropollutants, whereas this was not the case for biofiltration. The results demonstrate the suitability of the evaluation concept to assess processes of advanced wastewater treatment including ozonation and GAC by considering chemical, ecotoxicological, and microbiological parameters.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ternes
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany.|Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , 406 O'Brien Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prasse
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian Lütke
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Eversloh
authors.affiliation: Institute IWAR, Department Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Knopp
authors.affiliation: Institute IWAR, Department Wastewater Technology and Water Reuse, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Franziska-Braun-Straße 7, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornel
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schulte-Oehlmann
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) , Bioengineering and Biosystems Department, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)-Campus North, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) , Bioengineering and Biosystems Department, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: Zweckverband Landeswasserversorgung , 89129 Langenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH , 65439 Flörsheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coors
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oehlmann
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D010126:Ozone; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical