title: Development of a Rainbow Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Simultaneous Detection of Four Mycotoxins.
abstract: A multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the determination of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T2/HT2-toxin in barley was developed with luminescent quantum dots (QDs) as label. The synthesized QDs were hydrophilized by two strategies, that is, coating with an amphiphilic polymer or silica. The water-soluble QDs were compared with regard to their bioconjugation with monoclonal antibody (mAb) and were tested on a LFIA. Silica-coated QDs that contained epoxy groups were most promising. Therefore, green, orange, and red epoxy-functionalized silica-coated QDs were conjugated with anti-ZEN, anti-DON, and anti-T2 mAb, respectively. The LFIA was developed in accordance with the European Commission legal limits with cutoff limits of 1000, 80, and 80 μg/kg for deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T2/HT2-toxin, respectively. The LFIA gave a fast result (15 min) with a low false-negative rate (<5%), and the results were easy to interpret without any sophisticated equipment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-5163
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foubert
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Beloglazova
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Institute, Department of General Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Institute, Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordienko
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mickael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Emile
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Drijvers
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 S3, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Zeger
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hens
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Bioanalysis, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-7253
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
mesh_terms: D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry*; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D045663:Quantum Dots
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins
keywords: bioconjugation; multiplex lateral flow immunoassay; mycotoxin; quantum dots