title: The coronary sinus reducer: clinical evidence and technical aspects.
abstract: Chronic refractory angina is often a disabling condition, predominantly due to severe obstructive coronary artery disease, that is inadequately controlled by optimal medical therapy and not amenable to further percutaneous or surgical revascularization. mortality rates associated with this condition are relatively low in clinically stable patients. however, it is associated with a high hospitalization rate and a reduction in both exercise capacity and quality of life. due to the paucity of available treatment options, there is an unmet need for new therapies for these patients and for a reduction in the associated economic healthcare burden. Areas covered: This review is focusing on the clinical evidence and technical aspects of this new therapeutic modality in refractory angina patients unsuitable for revascularization. Expert commentary: The Coronary Sinus Reducer (Neovasc Inc. Richmond B.C., Canada) is a new percutaneous device designed to achieve a controlled narrowing of the coronary sinus that may alleviate myocardial ischemia, possibly by redistributing blood from the less ischemic sub-epicardium to the more ischemic sub-endocardium, or by neoangiogenesis. Recently, a randomized, double-blind, multi-center clinical trial demonstrated a benefit in improving symptoms in 104 refractory angina patients, when compared to placebo.
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|b Interventional Cardiology Unit , EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|c Cardiovascular Department , Casa di Cura Villa Verde , Taranto , Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aurelio
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|b Interventional Cardiology Unit , EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|d Cardiovascular Department , Ospedale A. Manzoni , Lecco , Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|b Interventional Cardiology Unit , EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: a Interventional Cardiology Unit , San Raffaele Hospital , Milan , Italy.|b Interventional Cardiology Unit , EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Azeem
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latib
mesh_terms: D060050:Angina, Stable / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D062905:Central Venous Catheters; D054326:Coronary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Coronary sinus reducer implantation; angina pectoris; coronary artery disease; myocardial ischemia; refractory angina