title: Genome-wide characterisation and expression profile of the grapevine ATL ubiquitin ligase family reveal biotic and abiotic stress-responsive and development-related members.
abstract: The Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura (ATL) protein family is a class of E3 ubiquitin ligases with a characteristic RING-H2 Zn-finger structure that mediates diverse physiological processes and stress responses in plants. We carried out a genome-wide survey of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) ATL genes and retrieved 96 sequences containing the canonical ATL RING-H2 domain. We analysed their genomic organisation, gene structure and evolution, protein domains and phylogenetic relationships. Clustering revealed several clades, as already reported in Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa), with an expanded subgroup of grapevine-specific genes. Most of the grapevine ATL genes lacked introns and were scattered among the 19 chromosomes, with a high level of duplication retention. Expression profiling revealed that some ATL genes are expressed specifically during early or late development and may participate in the juvenile to mature plant transition, whereas others may play a role in pathogen and/or abiotic stress responses, making them key candidates for further functional analysis. Our data offer the first genome-wide overview and annotation of the grapevine ATL family, and provide a basis for investigating the roles of specific family members in grapevine physiology and stress responses, as well as potential biotechnological applications.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ariani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regaiolo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lovato
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giorgetti
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Agraria, SACEG, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porceddu
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dipartimento di Agraria, SACEG, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camiolo
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 326-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 326-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castellarin
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vandelle
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polverari
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D017343:Genes, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D027843:Vitis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases