title: The accumulation of brain injury leads to severe neuropathological and neurobehavioral changes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health problem with long-term neurobehavioral sequela. The evidences have revealed that TBI is a risk factor for later development of neurodegenerative disease and both the single and repetitive brain injury can lead to the neurodegeneration. But whether the effects of accumulation play an important role in the neurodegenerative disease is still unknown. We utilized the Sprague Dawley (SD) rats to develop the animal models of repetitive mild TBI and single mild TBI in order to detect the neurobehavioral changes. The results of neurobehavioral test revealed that the repetitive mild TBI led to more severe behavioral injuries than the single TBI. There were more activated microglia cells and astrocytes in the repetitive mild TBI group than the single TBI group. In consistent with this, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher and the expression of IL-10 was lower in the repetitive mild TBI group compared with the single TBI group. The expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) increased in the repetitive TBI group detected by ELISA and western blot. But the levels of total tau (Tau-5) and P-tau (ser202) seem no different between the two groups in most time point. In conclusion, repetitive mild TBI could lead to more severe neurobehavioral impairments and the effects of accumulation may be associated with the increased inflammation in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Ruojing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Xintong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Fanglian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China. Electronic address: leiping1974@163.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lei
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011897:Random Allocation; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D015850:Interleukin-6; C489131:Mapt protein, rat; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016875:tau Proteins
keywords: Neurobehavioral; Neurodegeneration; Neuroinflammation; Traumatic brain injury