title: Characterization, antioxidant activity and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from the swollen culms of Zizania latifolia.
abstract: The swollen culms of Zizania latifolia have been used as a vegetable and traditional herbal medicine in China, Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia countries. Up to date, there is little information about the polysaccharides from the swollen culms of Zizania latifolia and their potential bioactivities. In the present study, water extractable polysaccharide (ZLPs-W) and alkali extractable polysaccharide (ZLPs-A) was sequentially prepared from the swollen culms of Zizania latifolia. Both of ZLPs-W and ZLPs-A was found to be non-starch polydisperse heterpolysaccharide with β-type glycosidic linkage. ZLPs-W with triple helix conformation mainly composed of GalA, Glc and Gal. ZLPs-A without triple helix conformation mainly composed of Glc, Gal, Xyl and Ara. In in vitro antioxidant assay, ZLPs-W and ZLPs-A exhibited good scavenging activities. The EC50 of DPPH radical, superoxide radical and hydroxy radical scavenging activities for ZLPs-A is 1.87, 1.13 and 0.38mg/mL compared with that for ZLPs-W is 2.95, 3.99 and 0.5mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, in vitro cell assay revealed that ZLPs-W without cytotoxicity has higher immunomodulatory activity than ZLPs-A in terms of stimulation of phagocytic ability and NO production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7. At the treated concentration of 400μg/mL and 100μg/mL, ZLPs-W induced a highest phagocytosis index (1.76) and NO product (29.12μmol/L), respectively. The results suggest that polysaccharide from the swollen culms of Zizania latifolia could be explored as potential natural antioxidant and immunomodulatory agents in medicine or functional food fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA. Electronic address: wmc@ahau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mingchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA; Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
authors.forename: Peilei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China.
authors.forename: Shiwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China.
authors.forename: Chenzhipeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China.
authors.forename: Naifu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China.
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Agricultural Products Processing Engineering Laboratory, Hefei, 230036, China. Electronic address: zhouyibin@ahau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yibin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011134:Polysaccharides
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Characterization; Immunomodulatory activity; Polysaccharide; Zizania latifolia