title: Hot Topics in Pharmacogenetics of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual loss and is primarily treated with nutritional supplementation as well as with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents for certain patients with neovascular disease. AMD is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. In addition, treatment outcomes from nutritional supplementation and anti-VEGF agents vary considerably. Therefore, it is reasonable to suspect that there may be pharmacogenetic influences on these treatments. Many series have reported individual associations with variants in complement factor H (CFH), age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2), and other loci. However, at this time there are no validated associations. With respect to AMD, pharmacogenetics remains an intriguing area of research but is not helpful for routine clinical management.
authors.affiliation: Bascom Palmer Eye Institute at Naples, 3880 Tamiami Trail North, Naples, FL 34103. United States.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. United States.
authors.forename: Milam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brantley
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL. United States.
authors.forename: Jaclyn L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kovach
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn. Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
keywords: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD); age-related eye disease study
  (AREDS); age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2); complement factor H (CFH); pharmacogenetics; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)