title: Effect of sources of calcium salts of fatty acids on production, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and carryover effects of early lactation grazing dairy cows.
abstract: The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of sources of calcium salts of fatty acids (FA) on production, nutrient digestibility, energy balance, and carryover effects of early lactation grazing dairy cows. Treatment diets were offered from 3 to 16 wk postpartum (the treatment period), in which all cows grazed elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum 'Cameroon') and treatments were added to a concentrate supplement. The treatments were (1) control (concentrate without supplemental fat); (2) concentrate with calcium salts of soybean FA (CSSO); and (3) concentrate with calcium salts of palm FA (CSPO). From 17 to 42 wk postpartum (the carryover period), all cows received a common diet fed as a total mixed ration. During the treatment period, CSPO increased milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and cumulative milk yield compared with control and CSSO. Treatment CSSO increased the yield of milk but did not affect 3.5% fat-corrected milk or energy-corrected compared with control. Also, CSSO decreased milk fat yield, dry matter intake, neutral detergent fiber digestibility, and body weight and body condition loss. Compared with control, both CSSO and CSPO increased feed efficiency (3.5% fat-corrected milk:dry matter intake), and CSPO increased feed efficiency compared with CSSO. When considering energy partitioning (as % energy intake), CSPO increased energy partitioning toward milk and increased energy mobilized from body reserves compared with control and CSSO. Furthermore, CSSO tended to reduce the mobilization of energy from body reserves compared with control. In the carryover period, no differences in milk composition were observed among treatments. A treatment by time interaction was observed during the carryover period for milk yield because cows on CSPO maintained higher production compared with control and CSSO cows until 30 wk postpartum; CSSO had a lower carryover effect sustaining higher milk yield compared with control until 25 wk postpartum. In conclusion, supplementation with CSPO was an effective strategy to increase energy intake and yields of milk and milk solids and it had a greater carryover effect. Supplementation with CSSO resulted in lower mobilization of reserves and less variation in body weight and body condition throughout lactation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 81601.
authors.forename: Fernanda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Batistel
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil. Electronic address: fapsantos@usp.br.
authors.forename: Flávio Augusto Portela
authors.initials: FAP
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D012492:Salts / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D012492:Salts; D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium salts; carryover effect; palm fatty acids; soybean fatty acids; tropical pasture