title: E-cigarette Nicotine Delivery: Data and Learnings from Pharmacokinetic Studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  E-cigarettes could potentially play a major role in tobacco harm reduction by delivering nicotine in a vapor containing significantly fewer toxicants than cigarette smoke and may aid smoking behavior changes such as reduction or cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined blood nicotine levels in smokers who were non-accustomed to e-cigarette use (Study 1) and accustomed e-cigarette users (Study 2). We compared nicotine levels when participants used a closed modular system e-cigarette to those when participants smoked a cigarette.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Study 1, Cmax (geometric mean (CV)) during a 5-minute puffing period (10 puffs, 30 seconds apart) was 13.4 (51.4) ng/ ml for a regular cigarette. The e-cigarette Cmax was significantly lower (p .05) at 2.5 (67.8) ng/ml. In Study 2, during a 5-minute ad libitum puffing period, cigarette Cmax was 7.2 (130.8) ng/mL, and it was 7.8 (108.2) ng/mL for the e-cigarette.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate heterogeneity of nicotine deliveries both between products and also with the same products used by different cohorts, eg, accustomed users versus smokers. Such differences must be taken into account when determining the likely behavioral impact, on smoking reduction and cessation, of nicotine delivery data and when planning e-cigarette nicotine pharmacokinetic studies.
authors.affiliation: Principal Scientist and Head of Clinical Research, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, United Kingdom (UK).
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Fearon
authors.affiliation: Scientist II Clinical Research, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eldridge
authors.affiliation: Scientist II Clinical Research, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gale
authors.affiliation: Senior Scientist Clinical Research, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shepperd
authors.affiliation: Senior Scientist Clinical Research, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McEwan
authors.affiliation: Senior Statistician, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Oscar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: President, Los Angeles Clinical Trials, Burbank, CA.
authors.forename: Mitch
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nides
authors.affiliation: Head of NGP Safety Assessment, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McAdam
authors.affiliation: Chief Scientific Officer, British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited, Research and Development, Southampton, UK;, Email: ian_fearon@bat.com.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000072137:Vaping
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine