title: Estimation of Saliva Cotinine Cut-Off Points for Active and Passive Smoking during Pregnancy-Polish Mother and Child Cohort (REPRO_PL).
abstract: A reliable assessment of smoking status has significant public health implications and is essential for research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine optimal saliva cotinine cut-off values for smoking during pregnancy. The analyses were based on data from 1771 women from the Polish Mother and Child Cohort. Saliva cotinine concentrations were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI + MS/MS). The saliva cotinine cut-off value for active smoking was established at 10 ng/mL (sensitivity 96%, specificity 95%) and for passive smoking at 1.5 ng/mL (sensitivity 63%, specificity 71%). About 5% of the self-reported non-smoking women were classified as smokers based on the cotinine cut-off value. Significantly more younger, single, and less educated self-reported non-smokers had a cotinine concentration higher than 10 ng/mL compared to those who were older, married, and who had a university degree. Close to 30% of the non-smokers who indicated that smoking was not allowed in their home could be classified as exposed to passive smoking based on the cut-off value. The study suggests that self-reported smoking status is a valid measure of active smoking, whereas in the case of passive smoking, a combination of questionnaire data and biomarker verification may be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. kinga.polanska@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Kinga
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polanska
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. anna.krol@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. pawel.kaluzny@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaluzny
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Quality Assurance, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. danuta.ligocka@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ligocka
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Monitoring, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. karolina.mikolajewska@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikolajewska
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AB London, UK. s.shaheen@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Seif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AB London, UK. r.walton@qmul.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland. wojciech.hanke@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D012015:Reference Standards; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D057566:Self Report; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine
keywords: cut-off values; environmental tobacco smoke; maternal cigarette smoking; pregnancy; saliva cotinine