title: Gastroprotective activity of the resin from Virola oleifera.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The resin from the trunk wood of Virola oleifera (Schott) A. C. Smith (Myristicaceae) is used in folk medicine to hasten wound repair and to treat pain and inflammatory conditions, and our previous report indicated the anti-oxidative properties in other oxidative stress model.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the protective effects of resin from V. oleifera in two experimental models of gastric ulcer oxidative-stress dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plant material was collected and the resin was subjected to partitioning with organic solvents. The buthanol fraction was subjected to chromatographic and spectrometric methods for isolation and structural elucidation. The resin was quantified for polyphenols and flavonoids by colorimetric methods. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of resin was determined by three different methods. The ulcers were induced acutely in Swiss male mice with ethanol/HCl and indomethacin using single-doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg. The gastroprotection of the experimental groups was comparable to reference control lansoprazole (3 mg/kg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The high content of polyphenols (∼82%) and the presence of epicatechin and eriodictyol were determined. The LD50was estimated at 2500 mg/kg. At minimum (10 mg/kg) and maximum (100 mg/kg) dosage of resin, both in ethanol/HCl as indomethacin ulcer induction models demonstrate reduction of lesions (minimum: ∼97% and ∼66%; maximum: ∼95% and ∼59%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gastroprotection might be related to tannins, phenolic acids and flavonoids present in the resin by antioxidant properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that this resin has gastroprotective activity probably associated with the presence of phenolic antioxidant substances.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Hertel
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: b Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitória , Brasil.
authors.forename: Breno Valentim
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Tadeu Uggere
authors.initials: TU
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: b Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitória , Brasil.
authors.forename: Helber Barcellos da
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: b Morphology Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo , Vitória , Brasil.|c Federal Institute of Education , Science and Technology (IFES) , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Wanderson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Romão
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.|c Federal Institute of Education , Science and Technology (IFES) , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Melo Costa
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: a Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduated Program, University Vila Velha , Vila Velha , Brazil.|c Federal Institute of Education , Science and Technology (IFES) , Vila Velha , Brazil.
authors.forename: Denise Coutinho
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Endringer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007213:Indomethacin; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D026324:Myristicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012116:Resins, Plant; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D000431:Ethanol; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007213:Indomethacin
keywords: Antioxidant; bicuíba; epicatechin; myristicaceae; peptic ulcer; polyphenols