title: The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Narrative Abilities in a Group of Italian Normally Developing Children.
abstract: Only limited and conflicting information is available regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and narrative abilities. Besides, the role fathers' SES plays in the development of their children's narrative abilities has never been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between fathers' and mothers' SES and narrative abilities of their children assessed with the Italian version of the Bus Story Test (I-BST).
  
  
  
  A total of 505 normally developing Italian children were enrolled in the study. Information regarding parents' educational level and employment was collected for each child. Narrative abilities were evaluated using the I-BST. The relationships between parents' employment, educational level, and I-BST scores were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  
  In univariate analysis, both fathers' and mothers' education and employment were associated with most I-BST subscale scores, especially when higher educational and employment levels were contrasted with the lowest educational and employment levels. In multiple regression analysis, significant associations were found only between the fathers' working status and educational level and I-BST subscale scores.
  
  
  
  Parental education and employment might impact narrative abilities of children. When both fathers' and mothers' SES variables are considered together, only fathers' education and working status seemed to be associated with I-BST scores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mozzanica
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ambrogi
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salvadorini
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sai
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pozzoli
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barillari
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scarponi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schindler
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D033262:Narration; D012923:Social Class