title: Validation of a two-generational reproduction test in Daphnia magna: An interlaboratory exercise.
abstract: Effects observed within one generation disregard potential detrimental effects that may appear across generations. Previously we have developed a two generation Daphnia magna reproduction test using the OECD TG 211 protocol with a few amendments, including initiating the second generation with third brood neonates produced from first generation individuals. Here we showed the results of an inter-laboratory calibration exercise among 12 partners that aimed to test the robustness and consistency of a two generation Daphnia magna reproduction test. Pyperonyl butoxide (PBO) was used as a test compound. Following experiments, PBO residues were determined by TQD-LC/MS/MS. Chemical analysis denoted minor deviations of measured PBO concentrations in freshly prepared and old test solutions and between real and nominal concentrations in all labs. Other test conditions (water, food, D. magna clone, type of test vessel) varied across partners as allowed in the OECD test guidelines. Cumulative fecundity and intrinsic population growth rates (r) were used to estimate "No observed effect concentrations "NOEC using the solvent control as the control treatment. EC10and EC-50values were obtained regression analyses. Eleven of the twelve labs succeeded in meeting the OECD criteria of producing >60 offspring per female in control treatments during 21days in each of the two consecutive generations. Analysis of variance partitioning of cumulative fecundity indicated a relatively good performance of most labs with most of the variance accounted for by PBO (56.4%) and PBO by interlaboratory interactions (20.2%), with multigenerational effects within and across PBO concentrations explaining about 6% of the variance. EC50values for reproduction and population growth rates were on average 16.6 and 20.8% lower among second generation individuals, respectively. In summary these results suggest that the proposed assay is reproducible but cumulative toxicity in the second generation cannot reliably be detected with this assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cbmqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barata
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA, CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivetti
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eytcheson
authors.affiliation: Toxicology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Box 7633, Raleigh NC 27695-7633, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKnight
authors.affiliation: Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch B.V., Dept. of Discovery and Environmental Sciences, Hambakenwetering 7, 5231, DD's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marysia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tobor-Kaplon
authors.affiliation: Charles River Laboratories Den Bosch B.V., Dept. of Discovery and Environmental Sciences, Hambakenwetering 7, 5231, DD's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Selinda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vries Buitenweg
authors.affiliation: Environmental Systems Toxicology Lab., School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suhyon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Environmental Systems Toxicology Lab., School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dondaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jinhee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Kashirskoe Highway, 31, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Elena I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Sarapultseva
authors.affiliation: ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Agnès
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coutellec
authors.affiliation: U3E, Unité d'Ecologie et d'Ecotoxicologie Aquatique, INRA, 35042 Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Maïra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coke
authors.affiliation: INERIS, Direction des Risques Chroniques, Unité EXES, Parc technologique ALATA, BP, 2, 60 550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pandard
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaumot
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quéau
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Delorme
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, UR MALY, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Geffard
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Lab. de Hidrobiología Experimental, Prol. Carpio esq. Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Santo Tomas, México, D. F. 11340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Jerónimo
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tatarazako
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: João L T
authors.initials: JLT
authors.lastname: Pestana
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Amadeu M V M
authors.initials: AMVM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Ghent University (UGent), Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Cecilia Manuela
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Ghent University (UGent), Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology (GhEnToxLab), Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Schamphelaere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003621:Daphnia / Q000502:physiology*; D005298:Fertility; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Contaminants; Daphnia reproduction; Interlaboratory; Life-history; Multigeneration assay; OECD 211; Offspring quality