title: 3D culture models of tissues under tension.
abstract: Cells dynamically assemble and organize into complex tissues during development, and the resulting three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix in turn feeds back to regulate cell and tissue function. Recent advances in engineered cultures of cells to model 3D tissues or organoids have begun to capture this dynamic reciprocity between form and function. Here, we describe the underlying principles that have advanced the field, focusing in particular on recent progress in using mechanical constraints to recapitulate the structure and function of musculoskeletal tissues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA eyckmans@bu.edu chencs@bu.edu.|The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1475-8149
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eyckmans
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA eyckmans@bu.edu chencs@bu.edu.|The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering
keywords: 3D model; Contractility; Extracellular matrix; Microtissue; TFM