title: Modulation of drug resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the oral cavity of Tunisian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial and the anti-biofilm activities of Lactobacillus plantarum extract (LPE) against a panel of oral Staphylococcus aureus (n=9) and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The in vitro ability of LPE to modulate bacterial resistance to tetracycline, benzalchonium chloride, and chlorhexidine were tested also.
  
  
  METHODS
  The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations of Lactobacillus plantarum extract, tetracycline, benzalchonium chloride and clohrhexidine were determined in absence and in presence of a sub-MIC doses of LPE (1/2 MIC). In addition, the LPE potential to inhibit biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter plate and atomic force microscopy assays. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS v. 17.0 software using Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test. These tests were used to assess inter-group difference (p<0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that LPE exhibited a significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against the tested strains. A synergistic effect of LPEs and drug susceptibility was observed with a 2-8-fold reduction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LPE may be considered to have resistance-modifying activity. A more detailed investigation is necessary to determine the active compound responsible for therapeutic and disinfectant modulation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Monastir University, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zmantar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Monastir University, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Rihab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben Slama
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Monastir University, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Kais
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fdhila
authors.affiliation: College of Applied Medical Sciences, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Yanbu al Bahr, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bochra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kouidhi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valorization of Pollutants of the Environment and Products, Monastir University, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhrouf
authors.affiliation: College of Sciences, Biology Department, Yanbu al Bahr, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Monawarah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: chaieb_mo@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaieb
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D002648:Child; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D013752:Tetracycline; D002710:Chlorhexidine
keywords: Antibacterial; Antibiotics; Biofilm; Lactobacillus; Staphylococcus aureus; Synergetic