title: Welfare-to-Work Programs in America, 1980 to 2005: Meta-Analytic Evidence of the Importance of Job and Child Care Availability.
abstract: This meta-analysis extended a Campbell Collaboration review of welfare-to-work programs. Its synthesis of 65 randomized trials in America over the past generation replicated a small overall intervention effect. Moreover, it found (1) there was no long-term employment effect of interventions in areas where jobs were relatively unavailable, and (2) programs that provided child care were more effective than those that did not in the short and long term, even in areas of high labor market withdrawal. The availability of jobs as well as such supports as child care that enable their access seem to be key elements of welfare-to-work programs that work.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gorey
keywords: child care services; job opportunities; job training; labor force participation; labor market; meta-analysis; systematic review; welfare reform; workfare