title: What the literature tells us about score sheet design.
abstract: Score sheets are an essential tool of animal welfare. They allow transparent assessments to be made of animal health and behavior during animal experiments and they define interventions when deviations from normal status are detected. As such, score sheets help to refine animal experiments as part of the 3R (replacement, reduction and refinement) concept. This mini review aims at summarizing the scarce literature available on score sheet design.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland philippe.bugnon@uzh.ch.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugnon
authors.affiliation: Responsible for training and education in laboratory science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.affiliation: Animal Welfare, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thallmair
mesh_terms: D023401:Animal Use Alternatives / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D012107:Research Design
keywords: 3Rs; pain assessment; refinement; score sheet