title: The Association of Stone Opacity in Plain Radiography with Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Outcomes and Complications.
abstract: To investigate the influence of stone opacity in plain radiography on stone free rate and complications ofpercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).
  
  
  
  A number of 101 patients who underwent PCNL between July-September 2015 wereprospectively included. Stone opacity was judged on preoperative plain Kidney-Ureter-Bladder X-ray. Stone freerate was evaluated two weeks after the operation by ultrasonography and KUB.
  
  
  
  There were 61 patients with opaque stones and 40 patients with non-opaque stones. The age, body massindex, preoperative creatinine, history of stone surgery, and stone size was not statistically different betweenpatients with opaque and non-opaque stones. Neither operation duration nor access numbers were statisticallysignificant between opaque and non-opaque stones. The frequency of stone free patients in opaque stones and nonopaquestones were 55/61 (90%) and 30/40 (75%) respectively (P = .04) The magnitude of hemoglobin drop inopaque stones and non-opaque stones were 1.9 ± 1.2 mg/dL versus 2.9 ± 1.7 mg/dL (P = .005).
  
  
  
  The stone free rate is lower and the magnitude of bleeding is higher in PCNL of non-opaque stoneswhen compared to opaque stones if rigid instruments are used for nephroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Robab
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maghsoudi
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. masoud.etemadian@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etemadian
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir Hossein
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kashi
authors.affiliation: Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ranjbaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*