title: Biologic Therapy for the Treatment of Giant Cell Arteritis.
abstract: Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a vasculitis of the medium and large arteries, is traditionally managed with glucocorticoids. However, the side effects of chronic glucocorticoid use and the occurrence of refractory cases warrant the consideration of steroid-sparing agents, including biologic agents. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibition shows the most promise as biologic therapy for refractory cases of GCA, but data to support the use of other existing biologic agents are currently lacking. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of GCA as well as clinical trials investigating both existing and emerging biologic agents is needed to expand therapeutic options for the treatment of GCA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology.
authors.forename: Rochella A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology.
authors.forename: Melissa R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bussey
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology.
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine Maywood, Illinois USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jay
keywords: Biologics; TNFα inhibitors; giant cell arteritis; temporal arteritis; tocilizumab