title: Therapeutic effects of gold nanoparticles synthesized using Musa paradisiaca peel extract against multiple antibiotic resistant Enterococcus faecalis biofilms and human lung cancer cells (A549).
abstract: Botanical-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials is currently emerging as a cheap and eco-friendly nanotechnology, since it does not involve the use of toxic chemicals. In the present study, we focused on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the aqueous peel extract of Musa paradisiaca (MPPE-AuNPs) following a facile and cheap fabrication process. The green synthesized MPPE-AuNPs were bio-physically characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, TEM, Zeta potential analysis and EDX. MPPE-AuNPs were crystalline in nature, spherical to triangular in shape, with particle size ranging within 50 nm. The biofilm inhibition activity of MPPE-AuNPs was higher against multiple antibiotic resistant (MARS) Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopic observations evidenced that the MPPE-AuNPs effectively inhibited the biofilm of E. faecalis when tested at 100 μg mL-1. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that MPPE-AuNPs were effective in inhibiting the viability of human A549 lung cancer cells at higher concentrations of 100 μg mL-1. The morphological changes in the MPPE-AuNPs treated A549 lung cancer cells were visualized under phase-contrast microscopy. Furthermore, the ecotoxicity of MPPE-AuNPs on the freshwater micro crustacean Ceriodaphnia cornuta were evaluated. Notably, no mortality was recorded in MPPE-AuNPs treated C. cornuta at 250 μg mL-1. This study concludes that MPPE-AuNPs are non-toxic, eco-friendly and act as a multipurpose potential biomaterial for biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaseeharan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malaikozhundan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gopi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ekambaram
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pachaiappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velusamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Raja Doraisingam Government Arts and Science College, Sivagangai 630 561, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suresh Kumar
authors.affiliation: Meiobenthos Research Institute, 44 Breeze County, Padur Main Road, Padur, Poonamallee TK, Thiruvallur 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suriyanarayanamoorthy
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D028521:Musa / Q000737:chemistry*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006046:Gold
keywords: Anticancer activity; Eco-friendly synthesis; Enterococcus faecalis; Musa paradisiaca peel; Phytochemicals