title: Laparo-endoscopic versus open recurrent inguinal hernia repair: should we follow the guidelines?
abstract: On the basis of six meta-analyses, the guidelines of the European Hernia Society (EHS) recommend laparo-endoscopic recurrent repair following previous open inguinal hernia operation and, likewise, open repair following previous laparo-endoscopic operation. So far no data are available on implementation of the guidelines or for comparison of outcomes. Besides, there are no studies for comparison of outcomes for compliance versus non-compliance with the guidelines.
  
  
  
  In total, 4812 patients with elective unilateral recurrent inguinal hernia repair in men were enrolled between September 1, 2009, and September 17, 2014, in the Herniamed Registry. Only patients with 1-year follow-up were included.
  
  
  
  Out of the 2482 laparo-endoscopic recurrent repair operations 90.5% of patients, and out of the 2330 open recurrent repair procedures only 38.5% of patients, were operated on in accordance with the guidelines of the EHS. Besides, on compliance with the guidelines multivariable analysis demonstrated for laparo-endoscopic recurrent repair a significantly lower risk of pain at rest (OR 0.643 [0.476; 0.868]; p = 0.004) and pain on exertion (OR 0.679 [0.537; 0.857]; p = 0.001). Comparison of laparo-endoscopic and open recurrent repair in settings of compliance versus non-compliance with the guidelines showed a higher incidence of perioperative complications and re-recurrences for recurrent repairs that did not comply with the guidelines.
  
  
  
  The EHS guidelines for recurrent inguinal hernia repair are not yet being observed to the extent required. Non-compliance with the guidelines is associated with higher perioperative complication rates and higher risk of re-recurrence. Even on compliance with the guidelines, the risk of pain at rest and pain on exertion is higher after open recurrent repair than after laparo-endoscopic repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital of Charité Medical School, Vivantes Hospital, Neue Bergstrasse 6, 13585, Berlin, Germany. ferdinand.koeckerling@vivantes.de.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Köckerling
authors.affiliation: Hernia Center, Winghofer Medicum, Winghofer Strasse 42, 72108, Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Visceral Surgery, German Red Cross Hospital, Lützerodestrasse 1, 30161, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuthe
authors.affiliation: Hernia Center Cologne, PAN - Hospital, Zeppelinstrasse 1, 50667, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stechemesser
authors.affiliation: 3Surgeons, Klosterstrasse 34/35, 13581, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.affiliation: Hernia Center Cottbus, Gerhard-Hauptmann-Strasse 15, 03044, Cottbus, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Hernia Center, Wilhelmsburg Hospital Gross-Sand, Gross-Sand 3, 21107, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reinpold
authors.affiliation: Hanse-Hernia Center, Alte Holstenstrasse 16, 21031, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niebuhr
authors.affiliation: StatConsult GmbH, Halberstädter Strasse 40 a, 39112, Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hukauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, Academic Teaching Hospital of Charité Medical School, Vivantes Hospital, Neue Bergstrasse 6, 13585, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schug-Pass
mesh_terms: D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012042:Registries; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Endoscopic repair; Inguinal hernia; Pain; Postoperative complications; Recurrence