title: Thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic female Egyptian subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High prevalence of thyroid disorders is more common in type 1 diabetes compared to type 2 diabetes, due to associated autoimmunity. Hypothyroidism is the most common disorder. The objective was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetic Egyptian females and to find the correlation between metabolic syndrome components and autoimmune thyroid dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 62 type 2 diabetic Egyptian females and 27 sex- and age-matched controls. All patients in the study were subjected to anthropometric measures, including HbA1c, lipid profile, serum uric acid, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and thyroid ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypothyroidism was found in 45.2% of patients (5.49±3.37 μIU/mL) versus 11.1% of controls (1.79±1.21 μIU/mL) (P<0.001). Anti-TPO was found in 75.8% (347.15±244.87 IU/mL) of patients versus 7.4% (32.89±33.26 IU/mL) of controls (P<0.001). Anti-Tg was found in 61.3% (508.03±369.16 IU/mL) of patients versus 0 (51.26±35.53 IU/mL) controls (P<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between TSH and antithyroid antibodies (anti-Tg, anti-TPO;P=0.002 andP=0.043, respectively) and between TSH and thyroid-gland volume (P=0.002) in diabetic patients. No correlation was found between any components of metabolic syndrome and thyroid antibodies in diabetic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autoimmune thyroid disease is more common in Egyptian women with type 2 diabetes than nondiabetic women, and thus points to a role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.
authors.forename: Ibrahim N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Elebrashy
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.
authors.forename: Amr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El Meligi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rashed
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.
authors.forename: Randa F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Salam
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes, and Endocrinology.
authors.forename: Shaimaa A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fathy
keywords: T2 diabetes; TSH; anti-TPO; anti-Tg; autoimmune thyroid dysfunction; metabolic syndrome