title: Reversible recovery of neuronal structures depends on the degree of neuronal damage after global cerebral ischemia in mice.
abstract: It has been observed by in vivo imaging that damaged neuronal structures can be reversibly restored after ischemic insults with the application of timely therapeutic interventions. However, what degree of neuronal damage can be restored and the time frame for reversible recovery of neuronal structures remain unclear. Here, transcranial two-photon imaging, histological staining and electron microscopy were used to investigate the reversible recovery of neuronal structures from dendrites to soma after different durations of global cerebral ischemia in mice. Intravital imaging revealed that the damage to dendritic structures was reversible when ischemia time was <1h, but they became difficult to restore after >3h of ischemia. Data from fixed YFP brain slice and Golgi staining indicated that the damage of dendritic structures progressively extended to deeper dendritic shafts with the extension of ischemia time. Furthermore, longer duration of ischemia caused an increasing number of degenerating neurons. Importantly, significant chromatin margination and karyopyknosis of neuron were observed after 6h of ischemia. These data suggested that neuronal structures could be reversibly restored when ischemia time was <1h, but irreversible and progressive damage to neurons occurred with longer duration of ischemia. Consistently, behavioral performance of post-ischemic animals experienced an ischemia time-dependent recovery. Taken together, our data suggested that recovery of neuronal structures following ischemia was dependent on the duration of ischemia, and prevention of neuronal loss is a key target for therapeutic interventions in ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Lirui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Furong
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China. Electronic address: sxzhang@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shengxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology*; D015424:Reperfusion; D016622:Silver Staining; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005452:Fluoresceins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C534582:fluoro-jade C; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria
keywords: Global cerebral ischemia; Neuronal structures; Recovery; Reperfusion; Two-photon imaging