title: The biological standard of living in pre-modern Korea: Determinants of height of militia recruits during the Chosŏn dynasty.
abstract: This paper extends the research on the biological standard of living in the Korean peninsula back to pre-modern times. Drawing on militia rosters of the Chosŏn Dynasty from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, we tentatively conclude that the final height of Korean men during this period was 166cm and thus slightly above that of modern North Korean men (165cm). On the other hand, the average height of modern South Korean men is 172cm, 6cm more than what we tentatively estimate for pre-modern Korean men. Regression analysis of the height of pre-modern Korean men finds that un-free Koreans ("slaves") were significantly shorter by about 0.6-0.7cm than commoners, whereas the average height of recruits suffering from smallpox did not differ significantly from that of other recruits. Moreover, regional, as opposed to birth-dummy, variables account, and to a significant degree, for most of the differences in height. Whether or not this is a result of socioeconomic differences across provinces or a result of other regionally-varying factors remains an open question.
authors.affiliation: The Academy of Korean Studies, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: danjosch@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwekendiek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height; D056911:Democratic People's Republic of Korea; D063948:Enslaved Persons / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000266:history* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors / Q000266:history*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anthropometric history; Asia; Economic history; Height; Korea; Standard of living