title: Decline in arylsulfatase B leads to increased invasiveness of melanoma cells.
abstract: Arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase) is reduced in several malignancies, but levels in melanoma have not been investigated previously. Experiments were performed in melanoma cell lines to determine ARSB activity and impact on melanoma invasiveness. ARSB activity was reduced ~50% in melanoma cells compared to normal melanocytes. Silencing ARSB significantly increased the mRNA expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan(CSPG)4 and pro-matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2, known mediators of melanoma progression. Also, invasiveness and MMP activity increased when ARSB was reduced, and recombinant ARSB inhibited invasiveness and MMP activity. Since the only known function of ARSB is to remove 4-sulfate groups from the N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate residue at the non-reducing end of chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) or dermatan sulfate, experiments were performed to determine the transcriptional mechanisms by which expression of CSPG4 and MMP2 increased. Promoter activation of CSPG4 was mediated by reduced binding of galectin-3 to C4S when ARSB activity declined. In contrast, increased pro-MMP2 expression was mediated by increased binding of the non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 to C4S. Increased phospho-ERK1,2 resulted from SHP2 inhibition. Combined effects of increased C4S, CSPG4, and MMP2 increased the invasiveness of the melanoma cells, and therapy with recombinant ARSB may inhibit melanoma progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Sumit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feferman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Arkadiusz Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.|Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Joanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Tobacman
mesh_terms: D001798:Blood Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics*; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D037161:Galectins; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020051:N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11 / Q000378:metabolism; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020051:N-Acetylgalactosamine-4-Sulfatase; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; C101390:CSPG4 protein, human; D000099216:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; C581941:ARSB protein, human; C522361:MMP2 protein, human
keywords: arylsulfatase B; chondroitin 4-sulfate; galectin-3; invasiveness; malignant melanoma