title: Hydrothermal Carbon Enriched with Oxygenated Groups from Biomass Glucose as an Efficient Carbocatalyst.
abstract: Metal-free carbocatalysts enriched with specific oxygenated groups with different morphology and size were synthesized from glucose by hydrothermal carbonization, in which cheap and widely available biomass could be converted into functionalized carbon using an environmentally benign process. The hydroxy- and carbonyl-enriched hydrothermal carbon (HTC) could be used in nitrobenzene reduction, and higher conversion was obtained on the sphere morphology with smaller size. In the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, carboxyl-enriched HTC exhibited superior performance compared with conventional solid acid (such as HY and HZSM-5), on which the strong acid sites and weak Lewis acid sites lead to high selectivity for the side product. Although the intrinsic acidity of carbon is weak, the carboxyl-enriched carbon was used in weak Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the Beckmann rearrangement.
authors.affiliation: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Bolun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Congxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Zhijian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schlögl
authors.affiliation: Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.|Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.
authors.forename: Dang Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Beckmann rearrangement; carbocatalysts; glucose; hydrothermal reaction; nitrobenzene reduction