title: Experimental Ten-Photon Entanglement.
abstract: We report the first experimental demonstration of quantum entanglement among ten spatially separated single photons. A near-optimal entangled photon-pair source was developed with simultaneously a source brightness of ∼12  MHz/W, a collection efficiency of ∼70%, and an indistinguishability of ∼91% between independent photons, which was used for a step-by-step engineering of multiphoton entanglement. Under a pump power of 0.57 W, the ten-photon count rate was increased by about 2 orders of magnitude compared to previous experiments, while maintaining a state fidelity sufficiently high for proving the genuine ten-particle entanglement. Our work created a state-of-the-art platform for multiphoton experiments, and enabled technologies for challenging optical quantum information tasks, such as the realization of Shor's error correction code and high-efficiency scattershot boson sampling.
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Luo-Kan
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Z-E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Z-D
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: C-Z
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: N-L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ao
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Chao-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China, and CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai, 201315, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pan