title: Sleep Duration and Chronic Fatigue Are Differently Associated with the Dietary Profile of Shift Workers.
abstract: Shift work has been associated with dietary changes. This study examined factors associated with the dietary profiles of shift workers from several industries (n= 118, 57 male; age = 43.4 ± 9.9 years) employed on permanent mornings, nights, or rotating 8-h or 12-h shifts. The dietary profile was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Shift-related (e.g., sleep duration and fatigue), work-related (e.g., industry), and demographic factors (e.g., BMI) were measured using a modified version of the Standard Shift work Index. Mean daily energy intake was 8628 ± 3161 kJ. As a percentage of daily energy intake, all workers reported lower than recommended levels of carbohydrate (CHO, 45%-65%). Protein was within recommended levels (15%-25%). Permanent night workers were the only group to report higher than recommended fat intake (20%-35%). However, all workers reported higher than recommended levels of saturated fat (>10%) with those on permanent nights reporting significantly higher levels than other groups (Mean = 15.5% ± 3.1%,p< 0.05). Shorter sleep durations and decreased fatigue were associated with higher CHO intake (p≤ 0.05) whereas increased fatigue and longer sleep durations were associated with higher intake of fat (p≤ 0.05). Findings demonstrate sleep duration, fatigue, and shift schedule are associated with the dietary profile of shift workers.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia. Georgina.heath@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Alliance for Research in Exercise, University of South Australia, Nutrition and Activity, Adelaide 5000, Australia. alison.coates@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.affiliation: Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Wayville 5034, Australia. charli.sargent@cqu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Charli
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sargent
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sleep Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia. jill.dorrian@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorrian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance
keywords: diet; dietary profile; energy intake; fatigue; macronutrient distribution; shift schedule; shift work; sleep duration