title: Altered dynamics of brain connectivity in major depressive disorder at-rest and during task performance.
abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in several functional brain networks. Previous studies investigating brain networks in MDD during the performance of a task have yielded inconsistent results with the function of the brain at rest. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during a goal-directed task to investigate dynamics of functional connectivity in 19 unmedicated patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls across both experimental paradigms. Patients had spatial differences in the default mode network (DMN), in the executive network (EN), and in the dorsal attention network (DAN) compared to controls at rest and during task performance. In patients the amplitude of the low frequency (LFO) oscillations was reduced in the motor and in the DAN networks during both paradigms. There was a diagnosis by paradigm interaction on the LFOs amplitude of the salience network, with increased amplitude change between task and rest in patients relative to controls. Our findings suggest that the function of several networks could be intrinsically affected in MDD and this could be viable phenotype for the investigation on the neurobiological mechanisms of this disorder and its treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. Electronic address: fabio.sambataro@uniud.it.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sambataro
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Visintin
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center for Psychosomatics, Sanatorium Kilchberg AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Doerig
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Janis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin Grosse
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Holtforth
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center, University and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seifritz
authors.affiliation: Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center, University and ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Preclinical Laboratory for Translational Research into Affective Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Electronic address: spinellisimona@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spinelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012146:Rest; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Default mode network; Executive network; Functional connectivity; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Low frequency oscillations; Major depressive disorder