title: Long-term effects of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the performance, microbial community and enzymatic activity of activated sludge in a sequencing batch reactor.
abstract: The long-term effects of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) on the performance, microbial activity and microbial community of activated sludge were investigated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR performance had no evident change at 0-10 mg/L CuO NPs, whereas the CuO NPs concentration at 30-60 mg/L affected the COD, NH4+-N and soluble orthophosphate (SOP) removal, nitrogen and phosphorus removal rate and microbial enzymatic activity of activated sludge. Some CuO NPs might be absorbed on the surface of activated sludge or penetrate the microbial cytomembrane into the microbial cell interior of activated sludge. Compared to 0 mg/L CuO NPs, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release increased by 43.6% and 56.4% at 60 mg/L CuO NPs, respectively. The variations of ROS production and LDH release demonstrated that CuO NPs could induce the toxicity towards the microorganisms and destroy the integrity of microbial cytomembrane in the activated sludge. High throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA indicated that CuO NPs could evidently impact on the microbial richness, diversity and composition of activated sludge in the SBR.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: mengchungao@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Mengchun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Zonglian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: She
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Bingrui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Yangguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Chunji
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Xuejiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D019149:Bioreactors; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D010758:Phosphorus; D003300:Copper; D009584:Nitrogen; C030973:cupric oxide
keywords: Activated sludge; Cupric oxide nanoparticles; Microbial enzymatic activity; Nitrogen and phosphorus removal; Reactive oxygen species