title: Cloning and functional characterizations of an apoptogenic Hid gene in the Scuttle Fly, Megaselia scalaris (Diptera; Phoridae).
abstract: Although the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death have been well studied in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, it is unclear whether such mechanisms are conserved in other distantly related species. Using degenerate primers and PCR, we cloned a proapoptotic gene homologous to Head involution defective (Hid) from the Scuttle fly, Megaselia scalaris (MsHid). MsHid cDNA encodes a 197-amino acid-long polypeptide, which so far is the smallest HID protein. PCR analyses revealed that the MsHid gene consists of four exons and three introns. Ectopic expression of MsHid in various peptidergic neurons and non-neuronal tissues in Drosophila effectively induced apoptosis of these cells. However, deletion of either conserved domain, N-terminal IBM or C-terminal MTS, abolished the apoptogenic activity of MsHID, indicating that these two domains are indispensable. Expression of MsHid was found in all life stages, but more prominently in embryos and pupae. MsHid is actively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), indicating its important role in CNS development. Together MsHID is likely to be an important cell death inducer during embryonic and post-embryonic development in this species. In addition, we found 2-fold induction of MsHid expression in UV-irradiated embryos, indicating a possible role for MsHid in UV-induced apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: syoo1@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Siuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Electronic address: hlam2@vols.utk.edu.
authors.forename: Haylie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yoosiuk@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Chansong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Electronic address: glee2@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Gyunghee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. Electronic address: jhpark@utk.edu.
authors.forename: Jae H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004175:Diptera / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005091:Exons; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007438:Introns; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011679:Pupa / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C108880:HID protein, Drosophila; D009479:Neuropeptides
keywords: Apoptosis; Evolution; Hid; Peptidergic neurons