title: Effects of Pyrogallol on Growth and Cytotoxicity of Wild-Type and katG Mutant Strains of Vibrio vulnificus.
abstract: Vibrio vulnificus is a causative agent of fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection and the pathogen infection became an important public health problem in many counties. Vibrio vulnificus causes RtxA1 toxin-induced acute cell death. We tried to identify natural products that inhibit the acute cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus using a lactate hydrogenase assay. A polyphenol pyrogallol protected HeLa cells from V. vulnificus-induced cytotoxicity. Pyrogallol also decreased the growth of V. vulnificus; this inhibitory effect was more significant during log phase than stationary phase. To further elucidate the inhibitory mechanism, pyrogallol-induced toxicity was compared between a V. vulnificus catalase-peroxidase mutant (katG-) and the isogenic wild-type MO6-24/O strains. No growth was observed for the katG- mutant in the presence of pyrogallol (50 μg/mL) even after 24 h, whereas the wild-type strain demonstrated growth recovery following a prolonged lag phase. Pyrogallol-mediated growth inhibition of the katG- mutant strain was partially rescued by exogenous catalase treatment. These results indicate that the mechanism by which pyrogallol inhibits the growth and cytotoxicity of V. vulnificus likely involves polyphenol-induced prooxidant damage. Taken together, these results suggest that pyrogallol has potential for development as a new paradigm drug to treat infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Premedical Sciences, Chosun University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Choon-Mee
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Clinical Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Haeng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Ran
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D011748:Pyrogallol; D002374:Catalase