title: Drug-resistant epilepsy in children with partial onset epilepsy treated with carbamazepine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome, including drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children with newly diagnosed partial onset epilepsy treated with carbamazepine (CBZ).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective medical records review and telephone questionnaire were undertaken on a total of 100 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term follow-up was obtained on 79 children with a mean duration of 7.1 years from CBZ initiation. A total of 66 (83.5%) subjects achieved 2-year seizure remission, 48 (72.7%) subjects did so with CBZ monotherapy. Seven (10.6%) had seizure recurrence after 2-year seizure remission. DRE was diagnosed in seven (8.9%) subjects and five subjects had epilepsy surgery. The mean duration from seizure onset to epilepsy surgery was 5.3 (±2.1) years. Contributing factors for the prolonged duration from seizure onset to epilepsy surgery were identified including: relapsing-remitting course of seizure, family reluctance for epilepsy surgery and uncontrolled psychological problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Over 80% of children with newly diagnosed partial onset epilepsy who were initially treated with CBZ achieved 2-year seizure remission, and more than 70% of this group did so with CBZ monotherapy. The majority of these patients maintained seizure remission overtime. However, 8.9% of this population met the criteria for DRE and most of them had epilepsy surgery. The duration from seizure onset to epilepsy surgery is an important potential area for improvement in DRE patient care.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Neurology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Gewalin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aungaroon
authors.affiliation: a Division of Neurology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Katherine D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.affiliation: a Division of Neurology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.|b Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.affiliation: a Division of Neurology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Standridge
authors.affiliation: c Division of Pediatrics , Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh , Philadelphia , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Christina Mackell
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Imming
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine
keywords: Drug-resistant; carbamazepine; children; epilepsy