title: β-Glucans and Resistant Starch Alter the Fermentation of Recalcitrant Fibers in Growing Pigs.
abstract: Interactions among dietary ingredients are often assumed non-existent when evaluating the nutritive value and health effects of dietary fiber. Specific fibers can distinctly affect digestive processes; therefore, digestibility and fermentability of the complete diet may depend on fiber types present. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of readily fermentable fibers (β-glucans and resistant starch) on the degradation of feed ingredients containing more persistent, recalcitrant, fibers. Six semi-synthetic diets with recalcitrant fibers from rapeseed meal (pectic polysaccharides, xyloglucans, and cellulose) or corn distillers dried grain with solubles (DDGS; (glucurono)arabinoxylans and cellulose) with or without inclusion of β-glucans (6%) or retrograded tapioca (40%) substituted for corn starch were formulated. Six ileal-cannulated pigs (BW 28±1.4 kg) were assigned to the diets according to a 6×6 Latin square. β-glucan-extract increased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of non-glucosyl polysaccharides (accounting for ~40% of the fiber-fraction) from rapeseed meal (6%-units, P<0.001), but did not affect non-glucosyl polysaccharides from DDGS. Retrograded tapioca reduced ATTD of non-glucosyl polysaccharides from rapeseed meal and DDGS (>10%-units, P<0.001), indicating that the large amount of resistant starch entering the hindgut was preferentially degraded over recalcitrant fibers from rapeseed meal and DDGS, possibly related to reduced hindgut-retention time following the increased intestinal bulk. Fermentation of fiber sources was not only dependent on fiber characteristics, but also on the presence of other fibers in the diet. Hence, interactions in the gastrointestinal tract among fibrous feed ingredients should be considered when evaluating their nutritive value.
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-8411
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Walter J J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gerrits
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kabel
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Thava
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vasanthan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Ruurd T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004063:Digestion / Q000502:physiology*; D009753:Nutritive Value; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D047071:beta-Glucans; D013213:Starch