title: Vitamin D/VDR, Probiotics, and Gastrointestinal Diseases.
abstract: Vitamin D is an important factor in regulating inflammation, immune responses, and carcinoma inhibition via action of its receptor, vitamin D receptor (VDR). Recent studies have demonstrated the role of vitamin D/VDR in regulating host-bacterial interactions. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria with the power of supporting or favoring life on the host. In the current review, we will discuss the recent progress on the roles of vitamin D/VDR in gut microbiome and inflammation. We will summarize evidence of probiotics in modulating vitamin D/VDR and balancing gut microbiota in health and gastrointestinal diseases. Moreover, we will review the clinical application of probiotics in prevention and therapy of IBD or colon cancer. Despite of the gains, there remain several barriers to advocate broad use of probiotics in clinical therapy. We will also discuss the limits and future direction in scientific understanding of probiotics, vitamin D/VDR, and host responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou. China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, Chicago, IL, 60612. United States.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019936:Probiotics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Autophagy; IBD; NF-κB; VDR; bacteria; colitis; colon cancer; inflammation; lactic acid bacteria; probiotics; vitamin D