title: Chemical Synthesis, Versatile Structures and Functions of Tailorable Adjuvants for Optimizing Oral Vaccination.
abstract: Oral vaccines have become a recent focus because of their potential significance in disease prevention and therapy. In the development of oral vaccine-based therapeutics, synthetic materials with tailorable structures and versatile functions can act as antigen conveyers with adjuvant effects, reduce the time cost for vaccine optimization, and provide high security and enhanced immunity. This review presents an overview of the current status of tailoring synthetic adjuvants for oral vaccination, modification strategies for producing effectors with specific structures and functions, enhancement of immune-associated efficiencies, including the barrier-crossing capability to protect antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, coordination of the antigens penetrating mucosa and cell barriers, targeting of concentrated antigens to immune-associated cells, and direct stimulation of immune cells. Finally, we focus on prospective synthetic adjuvants that facilitate the use of oral vaccines via two approaches, namely, in vivo antigen expression and cancer immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1215-6486
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Chaohua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Wendi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002, China.
authors.forename: Yunkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000941:Antigens; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D014612:Vaccines
keywords: antigen delivery; immune enhancer; immune protection; oral vaccination; synthetic adjuvant; tailorable structures