title: Vascular endothelial growth factor G+405C polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a mediator implicated with cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between VEGF gene polymorphisms (G+405C, T-460C, and A-2578C) and PTC susceptibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of 127 patients with PTC and 203 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Association of genotypes with susceptibility of PTC was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, gender and smoking status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In G+405C polymorphism, the frequencies of C allele (related with increased VEGF production) and combined CG+CC genotype were found to be higher (3.5 and 5-fold, respectively) among patients with PTC than controls (P<.001). However, VEGF T-460C and A-2578C polymorphisms are not associated with PTC risk. There was no relationship between VEGF polymorphisms and clinical/laboratory parameters of PTC. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that there was a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) between -460/-2578 (D'=.89, r2=.79), weak LD between +405/-460 (D'=.422, r2=.035), and +405/-2578 (D'=.43, r2=.038) locuses. Additionally, the +405/-460/-2578 GTA haplotype was found to be protective, whereas CTA haplotype to be related with increased PTC risk. As a conclusion, we suggest that VEGF G+405C polymorphism is associated with increased risk of PTC.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlknur
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Bingül
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Pervin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doğru-Abbasoğlu
authors.affiliation: II. Internal Medicine Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Şişli Etfal Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Çil
authors.affiliation: Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Müjdat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uysal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: papillary thyroid cancer; single nucleotide polymorphism; vascular endothelial growth factor