title: Prospective associations of meat consumption during childhood with measures of body composition during adolescence: results from the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohorts.
abstract: Higher meat and protein intakes have been associated with increased body weight in adults, but studies evaluating body composition are scarce. Furthermore, our knowledge in adolescents is limited. This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations of intakes of different meat types, and their respective protein contents during childhood, with body composition during adolescence.
  
  
  
  Dietary (using food frequency questionnaires) and body composition (measured by bioelectrical impedance) data were collected from the 10- and 15-year follow-up assessments respectively, of the GINIplus and LISAplus birth cohort studies. Sex-stratified prospective associations of meat and meat protein intakes (total, processed, red meat and poultry) with fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI), were assessed by linear regression models (N = 1610).
  
  
  
  Among males, higher poultry intakes at age 10 years were associated with a higher FMI at age 15 years [β = 0.278 (SE = 0.139), p = 0.046]; while higher intakes of total and red meat were prospectively associated with higher FFMI [0.386 (0.143), p = 0.007, and 0.333 (0.145), p = 0.022, respectively]. Additionally in males, protein was associated with FFMI for total and red meat [0.285 (0.145) and 0.356 (0.144), respectively].
  
  
  
  Prospective associations of meat consumption with subsequent body composition in adolescents may differ by sex and meat source.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: DONALD Study, IEL - Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buyken
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Berg
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital, Wesel, Germany.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.affiliation: Core Facility 'Studies', Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Maximilians-Universität München, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koletzko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.|Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany. marie.standl@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Standl
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D004032:Diet; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins
keywords: Adolescence; Body composition; Fat free mass; Fat mass; Longitudinal study; Meat intake; Protein