title: MicroRNA-98 plays a critical role in experimental myocarditis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Myocarditis is inflammation in the heart; its pathogenesis is to be further investigated. Activities of micro RNAs (miR) are associated with immune inflammation. This study tests a hypothesis that miR-98 is involved in the development of myocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were immunized with cardiac α-myosin heavy chain peptides (MyHC-α) to induce myocarditis. The effects of miR-98 on regulation of interleukin (IL)-10 were assessed by real time RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice immunized with MyHC-α showed myocarditis and lower frequency of IL-10+B cells (B10 cell) in the hearts. Expression of miR-98 was higher, IL-10 was lower, in B cells isolated from the mouse hearts with myocarditis, which was negatively correlated with each other. Exposure to tumor necrosis factor-α up regulated miR-98 expression in B cells. Over-expression of miR-98 suppressed IL-10 expression in B cells. Blocking miR-98 or adoptively transplanting B10 cells attenuated experimental myocarditis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  miR-98 suppresses IL-10 expression in B cells in the heart, which plays an important role in myocarditis. MiR-98 may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of myocarditis.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Mao-Gang
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Ping-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167A Beilishi Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100037, China. Electronic address: fwsongjiangping@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiangping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C546084:MIRN98 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D016753:Interleukin-10
keywords: B cells; Heart; Interleukin-10; MicroRNA; Myocarditis