title: Thoracolumbar surgical approaches and techniques.
authors.affiliation: I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berjano
authors.affiliation: I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161, Milan, Italy. c.lamartina@chirurgiavertebrale.net.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamartina
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinal Therapy, Schön Klinik Nürnberg Fürth, Europa-Allee 1, 90763, Fürth, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schnake
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Timone, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, IRPHE, Aix Marseille Université, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, 13005, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tropiano
keywords: Anterior approach; Costotransversectomy; Iliac screws; Ilio-sacral fixation; Interbody fusion; Lateral approach; Lumbar spine; Retroperitoneal; Sacral screws; Surgical approach; Thoracolumbar; Transpsoas approach