title: Development of a Brazilian Portuguese adapted version of the Gap-Kalamazoo communication skills assessment form.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the items of the Gap-Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form for use in the Brazilian cultural setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Gap-Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form was translated into Portuguese by two independent bilingual Brazilian translators and was reconciled by a third bilingual healthcare professional. The translated text was then assessed for content using a modified Delphi technique and adjusted as needed to assure content validity. A total of nine phrases in the completed tool were adjusted. The final tool was then used to assess videotaped simulations as a means of validation.  Response process was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and internal structure was assessed via Cronbach's Alpha (internal consistency) and Intraclass Correlation (test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and four (104) videotaped communication skills simulations were assessed by 38 subjects (6 staff physicians, 4 faculty physicians, 8 resident physicians, 4 professional actors with experience in simulation, and 16 other allied healthcare professionals). Measures of Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.818) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.942) were high.  Exploratory factor analysis confirmed the uni-dimensionality of the instrument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the validity and reliability of the Brazilian Gap-Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form when used among Brazilian medical residents.  The Brazilian version of Gap-Kalamazoo Communication Skills Assessment Form was found to be adequate both in the linguistic and technical aspects.  The use of this instrument in Brazilian medical education can enhance the assessment of physician-patient-team relationships on an ongoing basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Beatriz C N
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Amaral
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Institute for Professionalism and Ethical Practice, and Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rider
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lajolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Tone
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rogerio M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Department of Letters, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisa P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Lajolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014743:Videotape Recording
keywords: communication skills; cross-cultural translation; kalamazoo consensus statement; medical education; validity and reliability