title: Protective effects of gomisin N against hepatic steatosis through AMPK activation.
abstract: Gomisin N (GN) is a phytochemical derived from Schisandra chinensis. It has been reported to exert a protective effect against hepatic steatosis by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the detailed mechanism by which GN inhibits hepatic steatosis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined whether GN activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and exerts therapeutic effects on liver X receptor (LXR)- or palmitic acid (PA)-induced triglyceride (TG) accumulation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, in vivo protective effects of GN against hepatic steatosis were assessed in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. GN stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) in HepG2 cells. It decreased the expression of lipogenesis genes, but increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes. Additionally, GN decreased the expression of lipogenesis genes induced by the LXR agonist T0901317 or PA in HepG2 cells, resulting in reduced intracellular TG content. However, preincubation with compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, prevented GN-mediated effects. Administration of GN to HFD-induced obese mice decreased HFD-induced liver weight, hepatic TG accumulation, and cytoplasmic lipid droplet. These findings demonstrate that GN activates the AMPK pathway and ameliorates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.
authors.affiliation: Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ye-Rang
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea; Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jung0603@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myeong Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D034242:Cyclooctanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000494:pharmacology; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D010766:Phosphorylation; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D034242:Cyclooctanes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D017705:Lignans; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D064209:Phytochemicals; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014280:Triglycerides; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C423915:T0901317; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C015499:schizandrin B
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Gomisin N; High-fat diet; Lipogenesis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c