title: Elevated copper, hs C-reactive protein and dyslipidemia in drug free schizophrenia: Relation with psychopathology score.
abstract: Inflammation, dyslipidemia and altered copper levels have been reported in several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. However, their association with the severity of psychopathology in schizophrenia is yet to be established. The present study was designed to assess the serum levels of copper, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile and to explore their association with psychopathology scores in schizophrenia. 40 cases and 40 controls were included in the study. Serum copper, hs-CRP and lipid profile were estimated in all the subjects. Disease severity was assessed using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Copper, hs-CRP, total cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol were significantly increased and HDL-Cholesterol was significantly reduced in schizophrenia cases when compared with controls. Copper was positively correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.338, p=0.003). Total cholesterol was significantly correlated with PANSS total (r=0.452, p=0.003) and negative symptom scores (r=0.337, p=0.033). Triacylglycerol was positively correlated with general psychopathology symptom score (r=0.416, p=0.008). Copper and hs-CRP were increased and correlated well with each other in schizophrenia cases. Though total cholesterol and triacylglycerol showed positive association with severity of the psychopathology, copper and hs-CRP were not associated with the disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Sivasankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devanarayanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India. Electronic address: nandijipmer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hanumanthappa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nandeesha
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Shivanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kattimani
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
authors.forename: Jancy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Cholesterol; Copper; Negative symptoms; Positive symptoms; Schizophrenia; Triacylglycerol