title: Removal of Listeria monocytogenes dual-species biofilms using combined enzyme-benzalkonium chloride treatments.
abstract: The effects of pronase (PRN), cellulase (CEL) or DNaseI alone or combined with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) against Listeria monocytogenes-carrying biofilms were assayed. The best removal activity against L. monocytogenes-Escherichia coli biofilms was obtained using DNaseI followed by PRN and CEL. Subsequently, a modified logistic model was used to quantify the combined effects of PRN or DNaseI with BAC. A better BAC performance after PRN compared to DNaseI eradicating L. monocytogenes was observed. In E. coli the effects were the opposite. Finally, effects of DNaseI and DNaseI-BAC treatments were compared against two different L. monocytogenes-carrying biofilms. DNaseI-BAC was more effective against L. monocytogenes when co-cultured with E. coli. Nonetheless, comparing the removal effects after BAC addition, these were higher in mixed-biofilms with Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, a high number of released viable cells was observed after combined treatments. These results open new perspectives of enzymes as an anti-biofilm strategy for environmental pathogen control.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain.|b Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Genetics and Microbiology , Autonomous University of Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-López
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carballo-Justo
authors.affiliation: c APC Microbiome Institute , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Draper
authors.affiliation: a Department of Microbiology and Technology of Marine Products , Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC) , Pontevedra , Spain.
authors.forename: Marta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cabo
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002480:Cellulase / Q000494:pharmacology; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011402:Pronase / Q000494:pharmacology; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D006867:Hydrolases; D003850:Deoxyribonuclease I; D002480:Cellulase; D011402:Pronase
keywords: Benzalkonium chloride; Listeria monocytogenes; biofilm; disinfection; enzymes; fluorescence microscopy