title: Predictors of transformational leadership of nurse managers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among education, leadership experience, emotional intelligence and transformational leadership of nurse managers.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nursing leadership research provides limited evidence of predictors of transformational leadership style in nurse managers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A predictive correlational design was used with a sample of nurse managers (n = 148) working in varied health care settings. Data were collected using the Genos Emotional Intelligence Inventory, the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire. Simple linear and multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant relationship was found between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) explaining 34% variance in transformational leadership.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurse managers should be well informed of the predictors of transformational leadership in order to pursue continuing education and development opportunities related to those predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study emphasise the need for emotional intelligence continuing education, leadership development and leader assessment programmes.
authors.affiliation: NCH Healthcare System, Naples, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Ilia M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Echevarria
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krouse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D056348:Emotional Intelligence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: education; emotional intelligence; nurse manager; transformational leadership