title: Decreases in Smoking-Related Cancer Mortality Rates Are Associated with Birth Cohort Effects in Korean Men.
abstract: Background:This study aimed to examine trends in smoking-related cancer mortality rates and to investigate the effect birth cohort on smoking-related cancer mortality in Korean men.Methods:The number of smoking-related cancer deaths and corresponding population numbers were obtained from Statistics Korea for the period 1984-2013. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to detect changes in trends in age-standardized mortality rates. Birth-cohort specific mortality rates were illustrated by 5 year age groups.Results:The age-standardized mortality rates for oropharyngeal decreased from 2003 to 2013 (annual percent change (APC): -3.1 (95% CI, -4.6 to -1.6)) and lung cancers decreased from 2002 to 2013 (APC -2.4 (95% CI -2.7 to -2.2)). The mortality rates for esophageal declined from 1994 to 2002 (APC -2.5 (95% CI -4.1 to -0.8)) and from 2002 to 2013 (APC -5.2 (95% CI -5.7 to -4.7)) and laryngeal cancer declined from 1995 to 2013 (average annual percent change (AAPC): -3.3 (95% CI -4.7 to -1.8)). By the age group, the trends for the smoking-related cancer mortality except for oropharyngeal cancer have changed earlier to decrease in the younger age group. The birth-cohort specific mortality rates and age-period-cohort analysis consistently showed that all birth cohorts born after 1930 showed reduced mortality of smoking-related cancers.Conclusions:In Korean men, smoking-related cancer mortality rates have decreased. Our findings also indicate that current decreases in smoking-related cancer mortality rates have mainly been due to a decrease in the birth cohort effect, which suggest that decrease in smoking rates.
authors.affiliation: MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK. minniejee93@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yon Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Jee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea. shinaesun@snu.ac.kr.|Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea. shinaesun@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Aesun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Radiation Epidemiology Team, Radiation Health Institute, Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Seongnam 01450, Korea. jongkeun@khnp.co.kr.
authors.forename: Jong-Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registration and Statistic Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea. kachas@ncc.re.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015988:Cohort Effect; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Korea; birth cohort; cancer; mortality; smoking; trends