title: Phytotherapeutic approach: a new hope for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induced cellular disorders, autophagic and apoptotic cell death.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise the major class of cancer-causing chemicals and are ranked ninth among the chemical compounds threatening to humans. Moreover, interest in PAHs has been mainly due to their genotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic property. Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has the capacity to convert procarcinogens into carcinogens, which is an imperative factor contributing to individual susceptibility to cancer development. The carcinogenicity potential of PAHs is related to their ability to bind to DNA, thereby enhances DNA cross-linking, causing a series of disruptive effects which can result in tumor initiation. They induce cellular toxicity by regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which arbitrate apoptosis. Additionally, cellular toxicity-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death and immune suppression by industrial pollutants PAH, provide fertile ground for the proliferation of mutated cells, which results in cancer growth and progression. PAHs play a foremost role in angiogenesis necessary for tumor metastasization by promoting the upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in human cancer cells. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of PAHs induced cancer development as well as autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Besides that authors have unraveled how phytotherapeutics is an alternate potential therapeutics acting as a savior from the toxic effects of PAHs for safer and cost effective perspectives.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Durgesh Nandini
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Prashanta Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Prajna Paramita
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Subhadip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Niharika
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India.
authors.forename: Sujit K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bhutia
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D028321:Plant Preparations; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
keywords: DNA damage; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; apoptosis; aryl hydrocarbon receptor; cytochrome P450; human carcinogenesis; reactive oxygen species