title: Noncompliance to smoke-free law: which hospitality premises are more prone?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Turkey, smoking has been banned in hospitality establishments since July 2009. The objective of this study was to determine noncompliance to the smoke-free law and its change in 2 consecutive years in enclosed spaces of hospitality venues and also to evaluate the factors associated with noncompliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitality venues in Istanbul were visited, and data were collected through direct observation and interviews. Observation of smoking, cigarette butts or existence of ashtrays were defined as noncompliance. The survey was repeated in 2 consecutive years; the venues were visited both in 2013 and 2014. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with noncompliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2013, 450 establishments were visited, and in the next year, 367 (81.6%) were revisited. Noncompliance for 2013 and 2014 were 49.0% and 29.7%, respectively. The highest violation was observed in bars and traditional coffeehouses. There was a significant decrease in noncompliance from 2013 to 2014 among restaurants and cafés, while such a change was not observed among bars and traditional coffeehouses. In the multivariate analysis, venues other than restaurants, venues that did not have no-smoking signs and venues which had been issued fines previously had increased probability of noncompliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While compliance to smoke-free law had increased significantly within 1 year, almost one third of the venues were still violating the law in 2014. The venues which were issued fines continued to violate the law. There is a need to strengthen enforcement efforts and revise the methods of enforcement and penalties in hospitality establishments.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: npay@marmara.edu.tr.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ay
authors.affiliation: Health Institute Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: efzagil@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Evrengil
authors.affiliation: Health Institute Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: mguner@superonline.com.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guner
authors.affiliation: Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey; School of Medicine and Health Institute Association, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: esezginer@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dagli
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D061845:Smoke-Free Policy; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Compliance; Hospitality; Policy; Smoke free