title: Immune checkpoint therapy for pancreatic cancer.
abstract: Novel treatment modalities are necessary for pancreatic cancer. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibition has shown effect in other solid tumors, and could have a place in pancreatic cancer treatment. Most available clinical studies on immune checkpoint inhibitors for pancreatic cancer are not yet completed and are still recruiting patients. Among the completed trials, there have been findings of a preliminary nature such as delayed disease progression and enhanced overall survival after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in mono- or combination therapy. However, due to small sample sizes, major results are not yet identifiable. The present article provides a clinical overview of immune checkpoint inhibition in pancreatic cancer. PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and American Society of Clinical Oncology's meeting abstracts were systematically searched for relevant clinical studies. Four articles, five abstracts and 25 clinical trials were identified and analyzed in detail.
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauden
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammes
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holdenrieder
authors.affiliation: Henrik Johansson, Roland Andersson, Monika Bauden, Daniel Ansari, Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Clinical trials; Immune checkpoint inhibitors; Pancreatic cancer