title: Adiposity markers and lung function in smokers: a cross-sectional study in a Mediterranean population.
abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the association of key adiposity markers with lung function in smokers without respiratory disease in a Mediterranean population.
  
  
  
  We performed a cross-sectional study with baseline data from a representative sample of the ESPITAP study in Spain. Participants were 738 smokers (52.3% men) without respiratory disease, aged 35 to 70, selected from 12 primary health care centres. We assessed weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The pulmonary functional parameters were forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC ratio.
  
  
  
  In this cohort of smokers, 22.2% of individuals had central obesity. FVC% was inversely associated with all anthropometric measures (BMI, WC and WHtR) in the overall population and in men; in women, only BMI was associated with FVC%. FEV1% was inversely associated to BMI and WC in the overall population, and to all anthropometric measures in men. Furthermore, both BMI and obesity were positively associated with FEV1/FVC ratio overall and when stratified by sex; this suggests a restrictive pattern explained by the altered ventilator mechanics experienced by people with obesity.
  
  
  
  In a Mediterranean population of smokers without respiratory symptoms, abdominal obesity, evaluated not only by BMI and WC but also WHtR, is inversely associated with lung function. Fat distribution appears more strongly related to pulmonary function parameters in men than in women. In smokers with high values for WC, WHtR and BMI, assessment of lung function is recommended.
  
  
  
  Current Controlled Trials NCT01194596 . Registered 2 September 2010.
authors.affiliation: Study Group on Respiratory Tract Diseases (GEPAR), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain.|Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sorlí-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Study Group on Respiratory Tract Diseases (GEPAR), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Barcelona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.|School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.|CAP Sant Pere - Institut Català de la Salut, C/Camí de Riudoms, 53-55, Reus, 43203, Tarragona, Spain. fmartin.tgn.ics@gencat.cat.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martín-Luján
authors.affiliation: Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flores-Mateo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jardí-Piñana
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Estefania
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aparicio-Llopis
authors.affiliation: Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Tarragona-Reus, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Reus, Spain.|School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basora-Gallisà
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.|NFOC group School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solà-Alberich
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013030:Spain; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Lung function test; Obesity; Overweight; Tobacco smoke; Waist circumference