title: Peripheral Inflammatory Parameters in Late-Life Depression: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Depressive disorders appear relatively frequently in older patients, and therefore represent an important disease burden worldwide. Given the high levels of inflammatory parameters found in depressed elderly patients, the "inflammaging" hypothesis is gaining strength. In this systematic review, we summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between inflammatory parameters and late-life depression, with a unique focus on longitudinal studies to guarantee temporality. According to the data summarized in this review, the levels of some proinflammatory parameters-especially interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-could serve as biomarkers for the future development of depressive symptoms in elderly patients. Proinflammatory cytokines seem to be associated with the future development of clinically significant depression, irrespective of baseline scores, thus indicating that inflammation temporally precedes and increases depression risk. As insufficient research has been conducted in this field, further prospective studies are clearly warranted.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), BioAraba, Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, 01004 Vitoria, Spain. monica.martinezcengotitabengoa@osakidetza.eus.|Psychobiology Department, National Distance Education University (UNED), 01008 Vitoria, Spain. monica.martinezcengotitabengoa@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Mónica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Cengotitabengoa
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), BioAraba, Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, 01004 Vitoria, Spain. Lcarrascon@alumni.unav.es.|Gregorio Marañón University General Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain. Lcarrascon@alumni.unav.es.
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrascón
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK. john.obrien@medschl.cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Community Pharmacist, Getxo, 48992 Vizcaya, Spain. Marijo72@euskalnet.net.
authors.forename: María-José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Díaz-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), BioAraba, Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, 01004 Vitoria, Spain. cristina.bermudezampudia@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bermúdez-Ampudia
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), BioAraba, Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, 01004 Vitoria, Spain. ksanappu@gmail.com.|Department of Psychiatry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan. ksanappu@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.affiliation: RSMB-CSM Uribe, 48990 Algorta-Getxo, Spain. MARTA.ARRASATEGIL@osakidetza.eus.|Neurosciences Department, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain. MARTA.ARRASATEGIL@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arrasate
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), BioAraba, Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital, 01004 Vitoria, Spain. anamaria.gonzalez-pintoarrillaga@osakidetza.eus.|Neurosciences Department, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Vizcaya, Spain. anamaria.gonzalez-pintoarrillaga@osakidetza.eus.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Pinto
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: aging; depression; inflammation; late-life