title: Postoperative atrial tachycardias after mitral valve surgery: Mechanisms and outcomes of catheter ablation.
abstract: Atrial tachycardias (ATs) including atrial fibrillation are common arrhythmias occurring late after mitral valve (MV) surgery, and their management is challenging.
  
  
  
  The purpose of this study was to determine the electrophysiological mechanisms of ATs in patients with prior MV surgery and the long-term outcomes of catheter ablation.
  
  
  
  We studied 67 consecutive patients (mean age 59.4 ± 10.6 years; 41 men [61%]) with prior MV surgery who presented with ATs postoperatively between 2007 and 2015.
  
  
  
  AT was clinically documented before the electrophysiology study in 55 patients, whereas in the remaining 12 patients AT was inducible at the study. A total of 99 ATs (35 spontaneous and 64 inducible) were characterized. Overall, the right atrium (RA) was the chamber of origin in 56%. The underlying mechanism was macroreentry in 91 cases and included typical RA flutter (n = 37), mitral annular flutter (n = 21), incisional right AT (n = 16), roof-dependent reentry (n = 12), and local left atrial reentry (n = 5). Eight focal ATs were also documented: 6 from the left atrium and 2 from the RA. Left-sided ATs were more common in patients with prior Maze procedure (53%), and mitral annular flutter was twice as prevalent in this group (42% vs 21%; P = .05). The ablation was acutely successful in 98.5%. Freedom from atrial arrhythmias was 62% at 12 months, with 42% requiring more than 1 procedure.
  
  
  
  Macroreentry is the predominant AT mechanism in patients with prior MV surgery. Circuits are most often localized to the RA, with left-sided ATs more common in patients with prior Maze procedure. Repeat procedures are common and outcomes with 1 year complete AT control good.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enriquez
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santangeli
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Erica S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Zado
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jackson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Fermin C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Gregory E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Supple
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Callans
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rajat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deo
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: Francis.Marchlinski@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Francis E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Marchlinski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D014481:United States
keywords: Atrial flutter; Atrial tachycardia; Catheter ablation; Mitral valve surgery; Outcomes