title: In situ determination of V(V) by diffusive gradients in thin films and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques using amberlite IRA-410 resin as a binding layer.
abstract: Amberlite IRA-410 anionic exchange resin was evaluated as the binding layer for sampling V(V) by using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT). V(V) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mass vs. time DGT deployments (ionic strength = 0.03 mol L-1NaNO3, pH = 5.6 and T = 23.5 ± 0.5 °C) was characterized by excellent linear relationship (R2= 0.9993) and a significant retention of V(V) by the binding layer. An exchange capacity of at least 40 μg V g-1resin was achieved for the proposed binding layer. The diffusion coefficient obtained (7.13 ± 0.6 10-6cm2s-1) agrees with the literature. The accumulation rate of V(V) was not significantly affected by ionic strength of solutions up to 0.03 mol L-1and for the entire studied pH range (from 3 to 9). Furthermore, when comparing the concentrations obtained using IRA-410-DGT and those obtained by direct measurement of the solution concentrations, the proposed approach provided a reduction of the35Cl16O interference on V(V) determination by ICP-MS. Determination of V in normal mode (without collision cell) in solutions containing analyte:Cl-concentration ratio up to 1:500,000 was not affected by interference of35Cl16O+polyatomic ion even when normal mode ICP-MS was used. Potential interfering ions on sampling V(V) by DGT (PO43-and SO42-) showed no significant effects on the accumulation rate of V(V). Laboratory tests performed using synthetic samples, natural freshwater and acid drainage water showed an excellent performance (recoveries from 93% to 110%). For in situ deployment, measurements of V(V) by the proposed approach was not significantly different (95.5%) from the value of dissolved V concentration.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências e Meio Ambiente, IGCE, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karen Silva
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Luko
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências e Meio Ambiente, IGCE, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: amenega@rc.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Amauri Antonio
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Menegário
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alfredo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Suárez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Makenly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tafurt-Cardona
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências e Meio Ambiente, IGCE, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Henrique
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Pedrobom
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências e Meio Ambiente, IGCE, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Marta Cavinato Marchini
authors.initials: AMCM
authors.lastname: Rolisola
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Everton Tiago
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Sulato
authors.affiliation: Centro de Estudos Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Geociências e Meio Ambiente, IGCE, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chang Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kiang
keywords: (35)Cl(16)O; Agarose; DGT; ICP-MS; Vanadium