title: Decolorization of Congo Red by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: the role of biosorption and biodegradation.
abstract: The degradation of Congo Red by means of Phanerochaete chrysosporium BKM-F-1767 is reported in this work. Solid and liquid cultures have been prepared to evaluate in vivo biodegradation as well as the role of biosorption phenomena on mycelium. Moreover, in vitro tests have been performed to define the influence of MnP on dye decolorization. P. chrysosporium, cultivated on Malt Extract Agar in the presence of Congo Red 0.005% (w/v), has shown good growth and the ability to decolorize the dye in the 25-39°C temperature range. It has also been cultivated in a low NMM liquid medium with the aforementioned dye concentration in immobilized stationary cultures inducted for Lignin Peroxidase (LiP) and Manganese Peroxidase (MnP) production. Congo Red was absorbed on the biomass and then decolorized (93% and 85% for the LiP and MnP cultures, respectively). The cultures with added Congo Red have shown a higher MnP synthesis rate than a control without the dye. The enzymatic degradation of Congo Red has also been investigated by means of the extracellular fluid for different MnP activities (0-300 IU/l); the decolorization percentage has been found to be clearly related to the enzyme concentration up to a value of about 200 IU/l.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Science and Technology , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Science and Technology , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mollea
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Science and Technology , Politecnico di Torino , Torino , Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-5056
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003224:Congo Red / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010544:Peroxidases; D020075:Phanerochaete; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003224:Congo Red; D010544:Peroxidases
keywords: Congo Red; Manganese Peroxidase; P. chrysosporium; absorption; biodegradation