title: Prostate Cancer Patients-Negative Biopsy Controls Discrimination by Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Urine by LC-QTOF: Upstream Information on Other Omics.
abstract: The existing clinical biomarkers for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis are far from ideal (e.g., the prostate specific antigen (PSA) serum level suffers from lack of specificity, providing frequent false positives leading to over-diagnosis). A key step in the search for minimum invasive tests to complement or replace PSA should be supported on the changes experienced by the biochemical pathways in PCa patients as compared to negative biopsy control individuals. In this research a comprehensive global analysis by LC-QTOF was applied to urine from 62 patients with a clinically significant PCa and 42 healthy individuals, both groups confirmed by biopsy. An unpaired t-test (p-value < 0.05) provided 28 significant metabolites tentatively identified in urine, used to develop a partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model characterized by 88.4 and 92.9% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Among the 28 significant metabolites 27 were present at lower concentrations in PCa patients than in control individuals, while only one reported higher concentrations in PCa patients. The connection among the biochemical pathways in which they are involved (DNA methylation, epigenetic marks on histones and RNA cap methylation) could explain the concentration changes with PCa and supports, once again, the role of metabolomics in upstream processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.|Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fernández-Peralbo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Urology (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.|Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calderón-Santiago
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Urology (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carrasco-Valiente
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Urology (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-García
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.|Department of Urology (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Requena-Tapia
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.|Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luque de Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071, Córdoba, Spain.|Institute of Biomedical Research Maimónides (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, E-14004, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Priego-Capote
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine*; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000652:urine*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C549870:KLK3 protein, human; D007610:Kallikreins; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen