title: Phylogeny mandalas of birds using the lithographs of John Gould's folio bird books.
abstract: The phylogeny mandala, which is a circular phylogeny with photos or drawings of species, is a suitable way to show visually how the biodiversity has developed in the course of evolution as clarified by the molecular phylogenetics. In this article, in order to demonstrate the recent progress of avian molecular phylogenetics, six phylogeny mandalas of various taxonomic groups of birds are presented with the lithographs of John Gould's folio bird books; i.e., (1) whole Aves, (2) Passeriformes, (3) Paradisaeidae in Corvoidea (Passeriformes), (4) Meliphagoidea (Passeriformes), (5) Trochili in Apodiformes, and (6) Galliformes.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan. Electronic address: masamihase@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Tamagawa University Museum of Education, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Toyo 194-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayako
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D001878:Books, Illustrated; D005260:Female; D046094:Galliformes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics; D010781:Photography; D010802:Phylogeny
keywords: Avian molecular phylogenetics; John Gould; Phylogeny mandala of birds