title: "Reverse torque of 30 Ncm applied to dental implants as test for osseointegration"-a human observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On bone implantology, stability of a dental implant is an essential clinical tool during osseointegration evaluation, as it is a reflection of the structural and functional connection between the bone and the implant.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was comprised by 17 patients with 40 NanoTec™ and Vellox® implants, placed on the lower jaw, under optimum conditions, after a minimum healing period of 3 months, during stage 2 surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 40 implants showed ideal clinical stability after the 30 Ncm reverse torque. There was absence of mobility, absence of radiolucid radiographic images, and symptomatology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reverse torque is an accepted and non-invasive clinical method for early verification of initial integration, reducing the incidence of possible failure during the first year of prosthetic loading. This is the first study in humans which shows that 30 Ncm is possible, which means a greater safety for prosthetics, since prosthetic parts are turned with up to 35 Ncm.
authors.affiliation: Santa Maria University, Calle La Línea, Residencias El Parque, Piso 5, Apto B-5B. La Carlota. Municipio Sucre, Caracas, 1071, Venezuela. sabrinasimeone@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sabrina G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Simeone
authors.affiliation: Santa Maria University, Calle La Línea, Residencias El Parque, Piso 5, Apto B-5B. La Carlota. Municipio Sucre, Caracas, 1071, Venezuela.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rios
authors.affiliation: Santa Maria University, Calle La Línea, Residencias El Parque, Piso 5, Apto B-5B. La Carlota. Municipio Sucre, Caracas, 1071, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simonpietri
keywords: Counterclockwise force; Failure; Primary stability; Prosthetic loading; Success