title: [Multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) surgery in young non-presbyopic ametropes : Reasonable and safe?]
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Refractive lens exchange and implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) is mainly advised for ametropes with presbyopia. Non-presbyopic young ametropes who wish spectacle-independence are usually treated with corneal refractive surgery or phakic lenses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective case series aimed to analyse the refractive and subjective satisfaction outcome after MIOL surgery in both eyes of non-presbyopic ametropes where other treatment options were not possible.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective case series comprised consecutively treated 32 eyes of 16 patients (5 myopic, 11 hyperopic patients; mean age 31 ± 6 years) who wished spectacle-independence and thus received an aspheric bifocal biconvex refractive-diffractive single-piece MIOL (Acri.Lisa 366/809, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG). Refractive data prior to and after surgery as well as subjective satisfaction at the 1‑year follow-up examination were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Related to distance corrected near visual acuity myopic eyes had a median efficacy index (EI) of 0.92 (±0.20) and hyperopes of 0.91 (±0.12) (P = 0.415). For intermediate vision, in both groups a lower EI (<0.5; P = 0.188) resulted in lower subjective satisfaction, which was higher for near and distance vision. Some of hyperopic patients reported limitations in near and distance vision, only one hyperopic patient would not have chosen this surgery again. None had a related complication during the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When neither laser refractive surgery nor implantation of a phakic lens is possible, young non-presbyopic ametropes do profit from MIOL surgery with an aspheric bifocal biconvex refractive-diffractive MIOL.
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frings
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.|Care Vision GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland.|zentrumsehstärke, Augenarztpraxis am UKE, Hamburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.|Care Vision GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland.|zentrumsehstärke, Augenarztpraxis am UKE, Hamburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Druchkiv
authors.affiliation: Univ.-Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland. t.katz@uke.de.|Care Vision GmbH, Hamburg, Deutschland. t.katz@uke.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D000075542:Multifocal Intraocular Lenses; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Accommodation; Efficacy index; Multifocal intraocular lens; Patient satisfaction; Refractive lens exchange