title: Multianalytical Study of the Binding between a Small Chiral Molecule and a DNA Aptamer: Evidence for Asymmetric Steric Effect upon 3'- versus 5'-End Sequence Modification.
abstract: Nucleic acid aptamers are involved in a broad field of applications ranging from therapeutics to analytics. Deciphering the binding mechanisms between aptamers and small ligands is therefore crucial to improve and optimize existing applications and to develop new ones. Particularly interesting is the enantiospecific binding mechanism involving small molecules with nonprestructured aptamers. One archetypal example is the chiral binding between l-tyrosinamide and its 49-mer aptamer for which neither structural nor mechanistic information is available. In the present work, we have taken advantage of a multiple analytical characterization strategy (i.e., using electroanalytical techniques such as kinetic rotating droplet electrochemistry, fluorescence polarization, isothermal titration calorimetry, and quartz crystal microbalance) for interpreting the nature of binding process. Screening of the binding thermodynamics and kinetics with a wide range of aptamer sequences revealed the lack of symmetry between the two ends of the 23-mer minimal binding sequence, showing an unprecedented influence of the 5' aptamer modification on the bimolecular binding rate constant konand no significant effect on the dissociation rate constant koff. The results we have obtained lead us to conclude that the enantiospecific binding reaction occurs through an induced-fit mechanism, wherein the ligand promotes a primary nucleation binding step near the 5'-end of the aptamer followed by a directional folding of the aptamer around its target from 5'-end to 3'-end. Functionalization of the 5'-end position by a chemical label, a polydA tail, a protein, or a surface influences the kinetic/thermodynamic constants up to 2 orders of magnitude in the extreme case of a surface immobilized aptamer, while significantly weaker effect is observed for a 3'-end modification. The reason is that steric hindrance must be overcome to nucleate the binding complex in the presence of a modification near the nucleation site.
authors.affiliation: ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Lylian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Challier
authors.affiliation: ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miranda-Castro
authors.affiliation: ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barbe
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fave
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Benoît
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Limoges
authors.affiliation: Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes , 470 rue de la chimie, 38400 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peyrin
authors.affiliation: Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes , 470 rue de la chimie, 38400 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ravelet
authors.affiliation: Département de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, UMR 5063 CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes , 470 rue de la chimie, 38400 Saint-Martin d'Hères, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , FR 2607, 570 rue de la chimie, B.P. 53, 38400 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Labbé
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, UMR 5250, Université Grenoble Alpes , FR 2607, 570 rue de la chimie, B.P. 53, 38400 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coche-Guérente
authors.affiliation: "Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN", Biophysique et Biologie Structurale, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ennifar
authors.affiliation: "Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN", Biophysique et Biologie Structurale, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bec
authors.affiliation: "Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN", Biophysique et Biologie Structurale, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dumas
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, UMR 7591 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mavré
authors.affiliation: ITODYS, UMR 7086 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noël
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000737:chemistry*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002151:Calorimetry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005454:Fluorescence Polarization; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries / Q000737:chemistry*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide; D008024:Ligands; D054852:Small Molecule Libraries