title: 3D Printed Microfluidic Device with Microporous Mn2O3-Modified Screen Printed Electrode for Real-Time Determination of Heavy Metal Ions.
abstract: Fabricating portable devices for the determination of heavy metal ions is an ongoing challenge. Here, a 3D printing approach was adopted to fabricate a microfluidic electrochemical sensor with the desired shape in which the model for velocity profiles in microfluidic cells was built and optimized by the finite element method (FEM). The electrode in the microfluidic cell was a flexible screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with porous Mn2O3derived from manganese containing metal-organic framework (Mn-MOF). The microfluidic device presented superior electrochemical detection properties toward heavy metal ions. The calibration curves at the modified SPE for Cd(II) and Pb(II) covered two linear ranges varying from 0.5 to 8 and 10 to 100 μg L-1, respectively. The limits of detection were estimated to be 0.5 μg L-1for Cd(II) and 0.2 μg L-1for Pb(II), which were accordingly about 6 and 50 times lower than the guideline values proposed by the World Health Organization. Furthermore, the microfluidic device was connected to iPad via a USB to enable real-time household applications. Additionally, the sensing system exhibited a better stability and reproducibility compared with traditional detecting system which offered a promising prospect for the detection of heavy metal ions especially in household and resource-limited occasions.
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 1 Guojian Road, Nanjing 211106, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Meiyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States.
authors.forename: Guangwei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ziyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Yizhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guosong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Dong
keywords: 3D printing; heavy metal ions detection; microfluidic device; microporous Mn2O3; screen printed electrode