title: The Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure revisited: A transparent linear scoring system, applied to data of experienced prosthetic users.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) provides function scores for hand grips (prehensile patterns) and an overall score, the index of function (IOF). The underlying equations of SHAP are not publicly available, which induces opacity. Furthermore, SHAP has been scarcely tested in prosthetic users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Issues with SHAP-IOF are discussed; an alternative scoring system, that is, linear index of function (LIF) and a weighted version (W-LIF) are presented. In LIF, task times are transformed linearly, relative to SHAP norms, and are computed into LIF-prehensile patterns (LIFPP). LIF and IOF were compared using data of 27 experienced prosthetic users.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High correlation and agreement between LIF and IOF was found: LIFPPvs IOFPPranged from r = 0.880 to r = 0.988, and W-LIF vs IOF had a correlation coefficient of r = 0.984.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHAP data of prosthetic users are valuable benchmarks for health care professionals. LIF calculations are a good and cost free alternative for IOF scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurements with LIF and IOF may be considered similar, but LIF is transparent and easier to use than IOF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical measurement and cross-sectional.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.g.m.burgerhof@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Johannes G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Burgerhof
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ecaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasluian
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Center of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Raoul M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bongers
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corry K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: van der Sluis
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees; D001132:Arm; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical
keywords: Linear scoring system; New data; Prosthetic users; SHAP