title: Putamen functional connectivity during inhibitory control in smokers and non-smokers.
abstract: The putamen has been shown to play a key role in inhibitory control and addiction, and consists of distinct subregions associated with distinct functions. The anterior putamen is thought to be specialized in goal-directed control or response-monitoring in connection with frontal regions, whereas the posterior part is specialized in habitual or automatic responding in connection with sensorimotor regions. The present study is the first to delineate functional networks of the anterior and posterior putamen in a Go-NoGo response inhibition task, and to examine differences between smokers (n = 25) and non-smokers (n = 23) within these networks. Functional connectivity analyses were conducted on fMRI data from a Go-NoGo study, using the generalized form of psychophysiological interaction with anterior and posterior putamen seed regions. In the context of inhibition, the anterior putamen exhibited connectivity with the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and precuneus (pFWE< .05), which was in line with previous literature. Conversely, the posterior putamen showed connectivity with regions implicated in sensorimotor processing. When we compared smokers to non-smokers, we did not observe the expected weaker connectivity between the anterior putamen and ACC during inhibition in smokers. Instead, our study revealed stronger inhibition-related connectivity between the anterior putamen and right insula in smokers. This finding highlights the involvement of putamen - insula interactions in addiction and impulse control.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sophie E A
authors.initials: SEA
authors.lastname: Akkermans
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maartje
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Rooij
authors.affiliation: Erasmus University Rotterdam, Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ingmar H A
authors.initials: IHA
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8288-7757
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Buitelaar
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D000078405:Non-Smokers; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000074285:Smokers; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: functional connectivity; inhibition; insula; putamen; smoking