title: Maternal and Fetal Pharmacokinetics of Oral Radiolabeled and Authentic Bisphenol A in the Rhesus Monkey.
abstract: The present study was conducted in pregnant rhesus monkeys to determine the rapidity and extent to which BPA reaches the fetal compartment following oral ingestion, and the 24-hr fate of BPA. To assess metabolism changes during the course of pregnancy, we compared BPA biotransformation during the second and third trimesters in the same animals, measuring the levels of sulfated, gluronidated, and free BPA in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, and fetal serum. All animals showed measurable unconjugated and conjugated BPA in the fetal compartment and slow clearance compared to maternal serum. There were higher levels of BPA-G in amniotic fluid at 150 days gestation compared to 100 days gestation, as well as higher levels of BPA-G than BPA-S. We also monitored 3H-BPA (and metabolites) in key tissues and excreta from a mother and fetus and from a non-pregnant female. The elimination of radioactivity was rapid, but residues were still detectable 24 hr after dosing in all tissues analyzed. These data suggest that, in primates, rapid maternal processing of BPA does not alleviate the risk of exposure to the developing fetus. This study elevates concerns about levels of current BPA human exposure from potentially a large number of unknown sources and the risks posed to developing fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.|California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: VandeVoort
authors.affiliation: Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Roy R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Gerona
authors.affiliation: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.
authors.forename: Frederick S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Vom Saal
authors.affiliation: California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.|Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Alice F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Tarantal
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hillenweck
authors.affiliation: Toxalim, Université de Toulouse, INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zalko
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014316:Tritium; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; D014316:Tritium; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds