title: Novel Umami Ingredients: Umami Peptides and Their Taste.
abstract: Umami substances are very important for food seasoning and healthy eating. In addition to monosodium glutamate and some nucleotides, recent investigations have revealed that several peptides also exhibit umami taste. In recent years, 52 peptides have been reported to show umami taste, including 24 dipeptides, 16 tripeptides, 5 octapeptides, 2 pentapeptides, 2 hexapeptides, 1 tetrapeptide, 1 heptapeptide, and 1 undecapeptide. Twenty of these peptides have been examined for the present of umami taste. In this review, we have listed these umami peptides based on their category, source, taste, and threshold concentration. The evidence for peptides showing umami taste, the umami taste receptors on the human tongue, and the peptides whose umami taste is controversial are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu Univ, Chengdu, 610106, China.|Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, 610065, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Chandrasekar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venkitasamy
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, U.S.A.|Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA, 94710, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Zhongli
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu Univ, Chengdu, 610106, China.
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu Univ, Chengdu, 610106, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D004151:Dipeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005524:Food Technology; D006801:Humans; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D012970:Sodium Glutamate / Q000737:chemistry; D013649:Taste; D055697:Taste Perception; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D009711:Nucleotides; D010455:Peptides; D012970:Sodium Glutamate
keywords: hydrolysate; peptides; protein; synthesis; umami