title: Serum klotho protein levels and their correlations with the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the associations of serum α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 106 healthy controls and 261 cases of T2DM with or without diabetic complications (range: 45-84years). Serum α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the healthy controls, α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels were significantly lower among patients with T2DM and with or without diabetic complications (P<0.05). Furthermore, α-Klotho levels were lower in the microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric groups, compared to the normoalbuminuric group. However, β-Klotho levels were only lower in the macroalbuminuric group (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels were positively correlated with the creatinine clearance rate, and negatively correlated with the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio and randomly sampled serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose. Moreover, α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels were positively correlated among patients with T2DM (r=0.693, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum levels of α-Klotho and β-Klotho are down-regulated in patients with T2DM. Thus, these proteins may participate in the pathological mechanism of diabetes, and the positive correlation of α-Klotho and β-Klotho levels indicates that they might have similar mechanisms in T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Xianggui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, PR China. Electronic address: yingxu825@126.com.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000090265:Klotho Proteins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C538995:KLB protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D003404:Creatinine; D005966:Glucuronidase; D000090265:Klotho Proteins
keywords: Coronary disease; Diabetic nephropathy; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; α-klotho; β-klotho