title: Overexpression of Protein Phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ) Is Associated with Enhanced Cell Proliferation and Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
abstract: Protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ), as a member of the protein phosphatase 1 family, may be involved in regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as mitosis, cell survival, and apoptosis. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms by which PP1γ regulates hepatocellular carcinoma development.
  
  
  
  We investigated the expression profile of PP1γ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and human HCC specimens, as well as its potential prognostic significance in HCC.
  
  
  
  PP1γ expression profile was detected in 94 HCC specimens using immunohistochemistry. PP1γ levels in HCC cells were downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Cell cycle progression and proliferation status of HCC cells and the effectiveness of doxorubicin were evaluated by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. The levels of PP1γ, CyclinD1, PCNA, Mdmx, p53, p21, and active caspase-3 were evaluated by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  
  PP1γ was upregulated in tumorous specimens, compared with adjacent nontumorous tissues. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted to determine the prognostic significance of PP1γ in HCC. The expression pattern of PP1γ was positively correlated with tumor size, histological grade, Ki-67 expression, and poor prognosis in HCC. In addition, depletion of PP1γ by siRNA could inhibit cell proliferation, resulted in G1 phase arrest, and attenuated resistance to doxorubicin in Huh7 cells.
  
  
  
  PP1γ is upregulated in HCC cell lines and HCC specimens, promotes cancer cell proliferation through regulation of p53, and may be a potential target for treatment of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chunsun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Guijuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Class 2 Grade 13, Clinical Medicine, Medical college, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nantong University, 30 North Tongyang Road, Pingchao, Nantong, 226361, Jiangsu Province, China. 2162942927@qq.com.
authors.forename: Xudong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestion, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu Province, China. Lch670608@sina.com.
authors.forename: Cuihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D059585:G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C530104:CCND1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C482775:MDM4 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; D004317:Doxorubicin; C517102:PPP1CC protein, human; D054645:Protein Phosphatase 1; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Doxorubicin resistance; Hepatocellular carcinoma; PP1γ; Proliferation