title: Transformation of hexabromocyclododecane in contaminated soil in association with microbial diversity.
abstract: This study evaluated the transformation of 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in soil under various conditions. Under anaerobic conditions for 21days, 34% of the total HBCD was reduced from rhizosphere soil containing humic acid, and 35% of the total HBCD was reduced from the non-rhizosphere soil; under aerobic conditions, 29% and 57-60% of the total HBCD were reduced from the same soil types after 40days. Three HBCD isomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD) were separately analyzed for their isomeric effects on transformation. In the soils with added glucose as a carbon and energy source, the fraction of γ-HBCD was reduced due to the blooming microbial activity. The population of Gram-positive bacteria decreased during the aerobic treatments of HBCD, whereas the population of several Gram-negative bacteria (e.g., Brassia rhizosphere, Sphingomonas sp.) increased. Humic acid and glucose increased the HBCD removal efficiency and microbial diversity in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Thao Thanh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM), Daejeon 34132, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: In-Huyn
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hakwon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yu-Gyeong
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yschang@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yoon-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000332:Aerobiosis; D001711:Biotransformation; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D006812:Humic Substances; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000378:metabolism*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006812:Humic Substances; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D012997:Solvents; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Bioremediation; HBCD; Humic acid; Microbial activity; Soil