title: Saururus chinensis Baill inhibits proliferation and invasion of human renal cell carcinoma cells through inhibition of inhibitor of apoptosis protein.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the inhibitory effect of Saururus chinensis Baill on cell viability, apoptosis, invasion capacity and the mechanism involved in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  After treating A498 and ACHN cells with Saururus chinensis Baill extract (0, 25, 50 μg/mL), inhibitory effect of Saururus chinensis Baill were evaluated using tetrazolium salt-based colorimetric assay, flfl ow cytometry analysis, and in vitro Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. To determine the molecular mechanisms of Saururus chinensis Baill, expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The levels of cytochrome C and caspase-3 proteins were assessed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saururus chinensis Baill suppressed cell viability and invasion capacity and induced apoptosis of A498 and ACHN cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that Saururus chinensis Baill inhibited the expressions of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP)-1, cIAP-2, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, and survivin. This was accompanied by the release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3 proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saururus chinensis Baill can inhibit human RCC cell growth by inducing cancer cell apoptosis, and these effects are mediated by the down-regulation of IAP proteins and subsequent release of cytochrome C and activation of caspase-3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Life Science, Inje University, Gimhae, 50834, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-In
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eunhye
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. hhkim@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeon Hoe
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Saururus chinensis Baill; inhibitor of apoptosis protein; renal cell carcinoma