title: Magnesium intake and depression: the SUN cohort.
abstract: A higher magnesium intake may reduce the risk of depression. We analyzed this association in the SUN Mediterranean cohort with an expanded sample size (n = 15,836) and a long follow-up (median = 10.2 y). We followed 9,289 women (age = 34.8, SD = 10.4) and 6,547 men (age = 42.8, SD = 13.1) initially free of any history of depression for a new-onset of medically diagnosed depression (maximum follow-up = 15.9 y). All participants in this cohort were university educated. We systematically reviewed previous studies relating magnesium to depression. We observed 837 incident cases of depression during 147,915 person-years of follow-up in the SUN cohort. No significant association of magnesium intake with the risk of depression was found, with a fully-adjusted hazard ratio = 0.85 (95% confidence interval = 0.60-1.22, for fifth versus first quintile). When we used a more restrictive definition for depression (both a medical diagnosis and habitual use of antidepressants), this HR was 0.63 (0.35-1.14). No significant association was found in our systematic review. No conclusive evidence for an association between magnesium dietary intake and depression incidence was found. Further longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and a better assessment of confounders and of depression cases are needed to try to identify potential protection against depression by magnesium.
authors.affiliation: University of Navarra. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and IdiSNA-Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Harvard University. Department of Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Harvard University. Department of Nutrition, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
authors.forename: Almudena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Villegas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium
keywords: dietary patterns; mediterranean diet; mood disorders; nutritional epidemiology