title: Three-dimensional printed prosthesis demonstrates functional improvement in a patient with an amputated thumb: A technical note.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three-dimensional printer is widely used in industry, biology, and medical fields. We report a finger prosthesis produced by a three-dimensional scanner and printer for a 67-year-old man with a right thumb amputation above the metacarpophalangeal joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  His right amputated and left intact hands were scanned with a three-dimensional scanner, and the left-hand image was rotated to the right side to design the right thumb prosthesis. The designed prosthesis was printed with a three-dimensional printer using the fused filament fabrication output system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Jebsen-Taylor hand function test and Box and Block Test scores improved after application of the prosthesis. Most Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with Assistive Technology results were "very satisfied," and most Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey results were "very easy." Preparing the prosthesis made by three-dimensional scanner and three-dimensional printer was faster and cheaper than preparing a conventional prosthesis. Clinical relevance Using three-dimensional scanning and printing technique, we can easily produce specifically shaped finger prostheses for specific movements in amputated patients with low cost.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Occupational Therapy, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Medical Device Management & Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Physical Therapy, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Lim
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Kyu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D013933:Thumb / Q000293:injuries*
keywords: Prosthetic design; finger prosthesis; medical application; three-dimensional printing