title: Two SERK Receptor-Like Kinases Interact with EMS1 to Control Anther Cell Fate Determination.
abstract: Cell signaling pathways mediated by leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are essential for plant growth, development, and defense. The EMS1 (EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1) LRR-RLK and its small protein ligand TPD1 (TAPETUM DETERMINANT1) play a fundamental role in somatic and reproductive cell differentiation during early anther development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, it is unclear whether other cell surface molecules serve as coregulators of EMS1. Here, we show that SERK1 (SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1) and SERK2 LRR-RLKs act redundantly as coregulatory and physical partners of EMS1. The SERK1/2 genes function in the same genetic pathway as EMS1 in anther development. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation, Förster resonance energy transfer, and coimmunoprecipitation approaches revealed that SERK1 interacted biochemically with EMS1. Transphosphorylation of EMS1 by SERK1 enhances EMS1 kinase activity. Among 12 in vitro autophosphorylation and transphosphorylation sites identified by tandem mass spectrometry, seven of them were found to be critical for EMS1 autophosphorylation activity. Furthermore, complementation test results suggest that phosphorylation of EMS1 is required for its function in anther development. Collectively, these data provide genetic and biochemical evidence of the interaction and phosphorylation between SERK1/2 and EMS1 in anther development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2151-5535
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9167-1421
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Nagib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biener
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paprocki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Jay J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5995-1562
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Thelen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.).
authors.forename: Valerica
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3427-8516
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Raicu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences (Z.L., Y.W., J.H., V.R., D.Z.) and Department of Physics (G.B., J.P., V.R.), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211; and dzhao@uwm.edu.|Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 (N.A., J.J.T.) dzhao@uwm.edu.
authors.forename: Dazhong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2045-0717
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D035264:Flowers / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005453:Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C464786:At5g07280 protein, Arabidopsis; C440035:SERK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C000601951:somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase 2, Arabidopsis