title: Gastrodin Attenuates Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures by Modulating the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Associated Inflammatory Responses in Mice.
abstract: Gastrodin, the major component isolated from the rhizome of the Chinese traditional medicinal herb Gastrodia elata ("Tianma"), has a long history in the treatment of epilepsy and other neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, we found that gastrodin ameliorated pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures with improvement of the electroencephalographic pattern in mice. Further studies demonstrated that gastrodin decreased the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α while increasing interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the brain. Furthermore, gastrodin attenuated the PTZ-induced microglial activation along with inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases, cAMP response element binding protein, and NF-κB. Our data suggest that gastrodin attenuates seizures by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China.
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Xinan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434000, China. wanghua6909@163.com.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China. minqu2977@163.com.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000187:drug effects*; D003292:Convulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005960:Glucosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016753:Interleukin-10; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D003292:Convulsants; D005960:Glucosides; C556062:IL10 protein, mouse; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; C045345:gastrodin; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C494364:Crebbp protein, mouse; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole
keywords: CREB; Epilepsy; Gastrodin; IL-10; IL-1β; MAPK; NF-κB; TNF-α