title: Advanced electron holography techniques for in situ observation of solid-state lithium ion conductors.
abstract: Advanced techniques for overcoming problems encountered during in situ electron holography experiments in which a voltage is applied to an ionic conductor are reported. The three major problems encountered were 1) electric-field leakage from the specimen and its effect on phase images, 2) high electron conductivity of damage layers formed by the focused ion beam method, and 3) chemical reaction of the specimen with air. The first problem was overcome by comparing experimental phase distributions with simulated images in which three-dimensional leakage fields were taken into account, the second by removing the damage layers using a low-energy narrow Ar ion beam, and the third by developing an air-tight biasing specimen holder.
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan. Electronic address: t-hirayama@jfcc.or.jp.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.
authors.forename: Craig A J
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Physics and Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials, Physics and Energy Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasutoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iriyama
keywords: 3D-boundary-charge method; Chemical stability in air; Electric-field leakage; Electron holography; Focused ion beam damage layers; Lithium ion conductor