title: Autonomic Cardiac Activity in Patients with Smoking and Alcohol Addiction by Heart Rate Variability Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Smoking and alcohol addictions are common and worldwide. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of these addictions on cardiac rhythm using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Addicts (n=42 men: 22 cigarette; 20 cigarette and alcohol) and age-matched controls (n=34 men) were included in the study. All patients fulfill the criteria for dependence according to DSM-IV-TR. Electrocardiography (ECG) recordings were obtained for a total of 30 minutes. Fagerstrom Nicotine Addiction Test (FNAT) and CAGE questionnaire (Cut down, Annoy, Guilt, Eye opener) was applied to all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost all HRV parameters were significantly decreased in cigarette and cigarette and alcohol addicts compared with controls (p.
authors.affiliation: . ryuksel38@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Rabia Nazik
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Tijen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sengezer
authors.forename: Senol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*