title: Role of cardiac renin angiotensin system in ischemia reperfusion injury and preconditioning of heart.
abstract: Cardio-vascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Ischemia is a state of oxygen deprivation in tissues, whereas reperfusion is restoration of blood flow in ischemic tissues. Myocardial damage of tissue during reperfusion after ischemic insult is known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. It induces damage to cardiac muscle via increasing expression of oxygen, sodium and calcium ions which are responsible in the activation of proteases and cell death. Heart renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury. Angiotensin (1-7) is responsible for vasodilation and angiotensin II for vasoconstriction. Here-in we reviewed how myocardial I/R injury sets in by up-regulation of angiotensin II that leads to increased infarct size, which can be reduced by the use of ACE inhibitors, ACE2 activators and angiotensin II antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India.
authors.forename: Vimal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India. Electronic address: jkgupta81@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Jeetendra Kumar
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India.
authors.forename: Shaiba Sana
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP, India.
authors.forename: Vishal Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Vishwakarma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: ACE inhibitor; ACE2 activator; Angiotensin II antagonist; Ischemia preconditioning; Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury