title: Homeostasis Meets Motivation in the Battle to Control Food Intake.
abstract: Signals of energy homeostasis interact closely with neural circuits of motivation to control food intake. An emerging hypothesis is that the transition to maladaptive feeding behavior seen in eating disorders or obesity may arise from dysregulation of these interactions. Focusing on key brain regions involved in the control of food intake (ventral tegmental area, striatum, hypothalamus, and thalamus), we describe how activity of specific cell types embedded within these regions can influence distinct components of motivated feeding behavior. We review how signals of energy homeostasis interact with these regions to influence motivated behavioral output and present evidence that experience-dependent neural adaptations in key feeding circuits may represent cellular correlates of impaired food intake control. Future research into mechanisms that restore the balance of control between signals of homeostasis and motivated feeding behavior may inspire new treatment options for eating disorders and obesity.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5632.
authors.forename: Carrie R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9673-7028
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.affiliation: University of Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Lausanne, CH1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gwenaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labouèbe
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Nieh
authors.affiliation: Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103.
authors.forename: Vanessa H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Routh
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, and.
authors.forename: Shengjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: University of Geneva, Department of Basic Neuroscience, Geneva, CH1211, Switzerland eoin.oconnor@unige.ch.
authors.forename: Eoin C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7810-1915
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009042:Motivation / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: AGRP; POMC; accumbens; arculate nucleus; dieting; dopamine; ghrelin; glucose; insulin; leptin; orexin; paraventricular thalamic nucleus; reward