title: Validation of the prognostic role of the "Helsinki Score" in 225 cases of adrenocortical carcinoma.
abstract: Adrenocortical carcinoma patient prognosis is extremely variable and poorly predictable. The newly introduced Helsinki Score is the first so far proposed diagnostic and prognostic system based on the combined evaluation of morphological (mitoses and necrosis) and immunohistochemical (Ki-67) parameters. The aim of the study was to validate the prognostic role of the Helsinki Score for adrenocortical carcinoma characterization. Thus, 225 adrenocortical carcinomas were reclassified using the Weiss Score and the Helsinki Score (3× mitotic count + 5 × necrosis + Ki-67 index). At univariate analysis, statistically significant prognostic values were observed at the log-rank test for mitotic count (cutoff values: <6 and ≥55; P<.0001), Ki-67 (cutoff values: <20 and ≥50; P<.0001), Weiss Score (cutoff values: <5 and ≥8; P<.0001), Helsinki Score (cutoff values: <13 and ≥19; P<.0001), histological variant (conventional versus oncocytic; P=.009), necrosis (P=.001), and stage (P=.005). Cox multivariate analysis using a backward stepwise selection method retained only Helsinki Score and Weiss Score as predictors of poor prognosis (P<.0001 and P=.0005, respectively). Helsinki Score (with a threshold of 28.5 points; area under the curve [AUC]=0.729, 95% confidence interval=0.66-0.79) and Ki-67 (with a threshold of 20.5%; AUC=0.727, 95% confidence interval=0.66-0.79) showed the best and equivalent AUCs predicting disease-related deaths determined using receiver operating characteristic statistics. In conclusion, the Helsinki Score is a valuable system to predict prognosis in adrenocortical carcinoma, outperforming the currently established prognostic parameters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy. Electronic address: eleonora.duregon@unito.it.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duregon
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cappellesso
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maffeis
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaggia
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, University of Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berruti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terzolo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, 35121, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Ambrogio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fassina
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volante
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10043, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papotti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D018268:Adrenocortical Carcinoma / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007558:Italy; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis; D009336:Necrosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen
keywords: Adrenocortical carcinoma; Helsinki Score; Ki-67; Mitotic count; Prognosis