title: Association between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes: systematic review protocol.
abstract: Despite widespread interest in the topic, no current synthesis of research is available analysing the linkages between organisational or workplace cultures on the one hand, and patient outcomes on the other. This protocol proposes a systematic review to analyse and synthesise the literature to date on this topic. The resulting review will discuss characteristics of included studies in terms of the type of healthcare settings researched, the measurements of organisational and workplace culture, patient outcomes measured and the influence of these cultures on patient outcomes.
  
  
  
  A systematic review will be conducted aiming to examine the associations between organisational and workplace cultures, and patient outcomes, guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. An English language search of abstracts will be executed using the following academic databases: CINAHL, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO. The review will include relevant peer-reviewed articles from randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, controlled before and after studies, interrupted time series studies, cross-sectional analyses, qualitative studies and mixed-method studies. Multiple researchers will be involved in assessing the quality of articles for inclusion in the review. This protocol documents a detailed search strategy, including terms and inclusion criteria, which will form the basis of the subsequent systematic review.
  
  
  
  Ethics approval is not required as no primary data will be collected. Results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braithwaite
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herkes
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ludlow
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lamprell
authors.affiliation: Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Testa
mesh_terms: D016206:Databases, Bibliographic; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D015279:Organizational Culture; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012107:Research Design; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*