title: The prevalence of sexual dysfunction and its association with quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is not well known. The aims of this study were to: determine the prevalence of SD, evaluate the risk factors associated with SD, and determine the association between SD and QOL in adults with CHD.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional study of adults (≥18years) with CHD presenting for routine follow-up at our institution. Subjects completed the CDC HRQOL-14 "Health Days Measure" to assess mental and physical health, and either the Sexual Health Inventory for Men or the Female Sexual Function Index to assess sexual function. Baseline characteristics were obtained via chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  105 subjects were enrolled. The mean age was 31.9±11.7years, 53 (51%) were men, 81% were NYHA Functional Class 1, and 76% had moderate or complex CHD. The rates of SD were 28% overall in the cohort, 30% in men and 25% in women. Men with SD were more likely to be taking spironolactone (p<0.001) and digoxin (p=0.002). Men with SD reported a greater number of days of poor mental health (p=0.004), feeling anxious, worried or tense (p=0.003), needing assistance (p=0.042), and inhibited activity of daily living (p=0.009). Women with SD were more likely to have atrial arrhythmias (p=0.002) and to report fewer days feeling healthy and energetic (p=0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SD is highly prevalent and associated with several indicators of worse health-related QOL in this young and well-functioning population.
authors.affiliation: Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neiman
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Salil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ginde
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Earing
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bartz
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology and Adult Cardiovascular Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA. Electronic address: scohen@chw.org.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D060728:Reproductive Health; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Congenital heart disease; Quality of life; Sexual dysfunction