title: Update: Clinical Use of Plasma Lactate.
abstract: Lactate is an essential, versatile metabolic fuel in cellular bioenergetics. In human emergency and critical care, lactate is used as a biomarker and therapeutic endpoint and evidence is growing in veterinary medicine supporting its clinical utility. Lactate production is a protective response providing ongoing cellular energy during tissue hypoperfusion or hypoxia and mitigating acidosis. Hence, hyperlactatemia is closely associated with disease severity but it is an epiphenomenon as the body attempts to protect itself. This article reviews lactate biochemistry, kinetics, pathophysiology, some practical aspects of measuring lactate, as well as its use in diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia.
authors.forename: Íde
authors.initials: Í
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia.
authors.forename: Patricia G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
authors.affiliation: Emergency and Critical Care Service, UVet Werribee Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Melbourne, Victoria 3030, Australia. Electronic address: dez.hughes@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Dez
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D065906:Hyperlactatemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Cat; Dog; Hyperlactatemia; Lactate; Sepsis; Shock