title: Modulation of brown adipocyte activity by milk by-products: Stimulation of brown adipogenesis by buttermilk.
abstract: Brown adipocytes dissipate chemical energy in the form of heat through the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1); Ucp1 expression is further upregulated by the stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in brown adipocytes. An increase in energy expenditure by activated brown adipocytes potentially contributes to the prevention of or therapeutics for obesity. The present study examined the effects of milk by-products, buttermilk and butter oil, on brown adipogenesis and the function of brown adipocytes. The treatment with buttermilk modulated brown adipogenesis, depending on the product tested; during brown adipogenesis, buttermilk 1 inhibited the differentiation of HB2 brown preadipocytes. In contrast, buttermilk 3 and 5 increased the expression of Ucp1 in the absence of isoproterenol (Iso), a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, suggesting the stimulation of brown adipogenesis. In addition, the Iso-induced expression of Ucp1 was enhanced by buttermilk 2 and 3. The treatment with buttermilk did not affect the basal or induced expression of Ucp1 by Iso in HB2 brown adipocytes, except for buttermilk 5, which increased the basal expression of Ucp1. Conversely, butter oil did not significantly affect the expression of Ucp1, irrespective of the cell phase of HB2 cells, ie, treatment during brown adipogenesis or of brown adipocytes. The results of the present study indicate that buttermilk is a regulator of brown adipogenesis and suggest its usefulness as a potential food material for antiobesity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.affiliation: Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co, Ltd, Kawagoe, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funaba
mesh_terms: D052437:Adipocytes, Brown / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000070696:Buttermilk; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000067048:Ghee; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000067048:Ghee
keywords: Ucp1; activation; brown adipocytes; buttermilk; differentiation