title: Characterization of inflammatory markers associated with systemic lupus erythematosus patients undergoing treatment.
abstract: To characterize the inflammatory profiles of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving standard treatment compared to healthy controls.
  
  
  
  Peripheral venous blood was collected from systemic lupus erythematosus patients (n=14) and controls (n=18) at enrollment. Blood samples were used for quantification, by flow cytometry, of CD11b (integrin) and Chemokine receptor CXCR2 expression surface antigen in neutrophils and lymphocytes, while cytokines were assayed in serum samples. Purified neutrophils were assayed by their ability to phagocytize human plasma-opsonized zymosan.
  
  
  
  Patients had a median (interquartile range) disease activity index of 1.0 (0-2.0) characteristic of patients in remission. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 serum concentrations were significantly higher in the patient group compared to controls and the phagocytic index of circulating neutrophils was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. The levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-5, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha did not significantly differ between patients and controls. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the integrin expression levels were reduced in lymphocytes (but not in neutrophils) obtained from systemic lupus erythematosus patients, while surface expression of the chemokine receptor 2 was similar in both neutrophils and lymphocytes.
  
  
  
  Systemic lupus erythematosus patients receiving standard treatment presented with elevated systemic levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10, reduced neutrophil phagocytic capacity, and reduced lymphocyte expression of integrin even when symptoms were in remission. These alterations to innate immune components may put these individuals at a greater risk for acquiring infections.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: rodolfo_pessa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodolfo Pessato
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Timóteo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas Cobo
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Micheli
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Reginaldo Botelho
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Teodoro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlene
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freire
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dernival
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertoncello
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eddie Fernando Candido
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Murta
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Beatriz Martins
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tavares-Murta
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6
keywords: CXCR2; Citocinas; Cytokines; Fagocitose; Integrin; Integrina; Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico; Phagocytosis; Systemic lupus erythematosus