title: Bacillus cereus-induced food-borne outbreaks in France, 2007 to 2014: epidemiology and genetic characterisation.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify and characterise Bacillus cereus from a unique national collection of 564 strains associated with 140 strong-evidence food-borne outbreaks (FBOs) occurring in France during 2007 to 2014. Starchy food and vegetables were the most frequent food vehicles identified; 747 of 911 human cases occurred in institutional catering contexts. Incubation period was significantly shorter for emetic strains compared with diarrhoeal strains A sub-panel of 149 strains strictly associated to 74 FBOs and selected on Coliphage M13-PCR pattern, was studied for detection of the genes encoding cereulide, diarrhoeic toxins (Nhe, Hbl, CytK1 and CytK2) and haemolysin (HlyII), as well as panC phylogenetic classification. This clustered the strains into 12 genetic signatures (GSs) highlighting the virulence potential of each strain. GS1 (nhe genes only) and GS2 (nhe, hbl and cytK2), were the most prevalent GS and may have a large impact on human health as they were present in 28% and 31% of FBOs, respectively. Our study provides a convenient molecular scheme for characterisation of B. cereus strains responsible for FBOs in order to improve the monitoring and investigation of B. cereus-induced FBOs, assess emerging clusters and diversity of strains.
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.|Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glasset
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herbin
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillier
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cadel-Six
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Léone
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vignaud
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grout
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pairaud
authors.affiliation: ACTALIA, La Roche sur Foron, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Jacques-Antoine
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hennekinne
authors.affiliation: Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Nalini
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramarao
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brisabois
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D047630:Depsipeptides; D004768:Enterotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D037521:Virulence Factors; C089294:cereulide
keywords: Bacillus cereus; epidemiology; food-borne infections; genotyping; outbreak; virulence factors