title: Association between small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth and deep vein thrombosis in patients with spinal cord injuries.
abstract: Essentials Gastrointestinal dysfunction and vein thrombosis are complications after spinal cord injuries (SCI). We assess the deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in SCI. 76 of the 377 SCI patients were DVT positive (20.2%) and 145 were defined as SIBO positive (38.5%). This study defines an association between SIBO and DVT in patient with SCI.
  
  
  
  Background Gastrointestinal dysfunction and vein thrombosis are well-known acute complications after spinal cord injuries (SCIs). Objective To determine the frequency and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in patients with SCI. Methods A total of 377 consecutive eligible SCI patients tested for SIBO with the glucose hydrogen/methane breath test from January 2011 to December 2015 and who had also undergone venous ultrasound study for suspected DVT were evaluated within 3 months after admission. Results Seventy-six of the 377 SCI patients were DVT-positive (20.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.1-24.2%), and 145 were SIBO-positive (38.5%; 95% CI 29.9-59.0%). Among the 76 DVT-positive patients, 60 were SIBO-positive and 16 were SIBO-negative. The difference was statistically significant (41.4% versus 6.9%; odds ratio [OR] 5.99; 95% CI 3.15-9.33). Among the 145 SIBO-positive patients, 60 were DVT-positive and 85 were DVT-negative. The difference was statistically significant (78.9% versus 28.2%; OR 2.88; 95% CI 2.12-4.47). In the stepwise multivariate logistic regression, a family history of venous thrombosis (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.60-3.79), chronic kidney disease (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.73-5.08) and the presence of SIBO (OR 3.72; 95% CI 1.97-6.62) remained associated with DVT. Conclusions These data support an association between SIBO and DVT in SCI patients. Further studies should be carried out with respect to the relationship between SIBO and DVT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: N-C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: H-L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001944:Breath Tests; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010343:Patient Admission; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D006859:Hydrogen; D005947:Glucose; D008697:Methane
keywords: deep vein thrombosis; small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth; spinal cord injuries