title: Chrysomya bezziana (Diptera: Calliphoridae) infestation: case report of three dogs in Malaysia treated with spinosad/milbemycin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infestation of wounds with the larvae of Callophorid flies is relatively common in countries where these parasites are found. The most common species associated with infections in Southeast Asia is Chrysomya bezziana (Ch. bezziana), the Old World screw worm. Treatment consists of either subcutaneous injection of ivermectin or oral administration of nitenpyram combined with aggressive tissue debridement under general anaesthesia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the treatment of cutaneous myiasis in three dogs caused by the larvae of Ch. bezziana in Malaysia and their treatment with spinosad plus milbemycin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all dogs, a single oral dose of spinosad plus milbemycin at the recommended dosage of 31-62 mg/kg and 0.5-1.0 mg/kg, respectively, was able to kill all larvae within 8 h. Most dead larvae fell off the host and those remaining on the host were dead and easily removed with simple saline flushing and gentle debridement. Neither general anaesthesia nor aggressive mechanical debridement were needed in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral spinosad plus milbemycin is a safe, licensed and effective treatment at the recommended dose for the rapid elimination of Ch. bezziana myiasis, with no need for sedation or anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Han Veterinary Surgery, 50 JLN Molek 2/2, TMN Molek, 81100, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hock Siew
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Laboratory Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unversity Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Laboratory Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Unversity Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.affiliation: Servizi Dermatologici Veterinari, Strada Bedale della Ressia 2, 12016, Peveragno (CN), Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004175:Diptera / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007814:Larva; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009198:Myiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin; C415329:spinosad