title: Association between Lumbar Bone Mineral Density and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Korean Adults: a Cross-sectional Study of Healthy Twin Study.
abstract: Bone mineral density (BMD) has been suggested to be associated with atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated the association between lumbar BMD and the segments of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in Korean adults, with consideration of sex and menopause status. Among 1,679 Korean adults who enrolled in a Healthy Twin Study, 723 men, 690 premenopausal women, and 266 postmenopausal women measured the CIMT at the common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), carotid bifurcation intima-media thickness (BIF-IMT), internal carotid artery intima-media thickness (ICA-IMT) using B-mode ultrasound and lumbar BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The composite CIMT was calculated as the mean value of three CIMTs. The association was evaluated using linear mixed models. In premenopausal women, lumbar BMD was positively associated with composite CIMT and with CCA-IMT (P = 0.008 and 0.002, respectively). However, no association was observed between BMD and CIMT in men or in postmenopausal women. Stratified analysis revealed the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the association between BMD and CIME. The positive association in premenopausal women persisted only in low BMI (< 25 kg/m²) group, whereas a positive association appeared at high BMI (≥ 25 kg/m²) group in men. A high lumbar BMD may indicate an elevated risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in premenopausal women and men with high BMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-1853
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Hyun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4358-4208
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. yunmisong@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Yun Mi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-5563
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Kayoung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2816-554X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.|Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joohon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-0160
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Bone Mineral Density; Carotid Arteries; Osteoporosis