title: The effects of a multi-ingredient supplement on markers of muscle damage and inflammation following downhill running in females.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of a multi-ingredient performance supplement (MIPS) on markers of inflammation and muscle damage, perceived soreness and lower limb performance are unknown in endurance-trained female athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of MIPS (NO-Shotgun®) pre-loaded 4 weeks prior to a single-bout of downhill running (DHR) on hsC-Reactive Protein (hsCRP), interleukin (IL)-6, creatine kinase (CK), muscle soreness, lower limb circumferences and performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trained female runners (n= 8; 29 ± 5.9 years) (VO2max: ≥ 50 ml-1.kg-1.min-1, midfollicular phase (7-11 days post-menses) were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner into two groups: MIPS (n= 4) ingested one serving of NO Shotgun daily for 28 days prior to DHR and 30 min prior to all post-testing visits; Control (CON) (n= 4) consumed an isocaloric maltodextrin placebo in an identical manner to MIPS. hsCRP, IL-6, CK, perceived soreness, limb circumferences, and performance measures (flexibility, squat jump peak power) were tested on 5 occasions; immediately before (PRE), immediately post-DHR, 24, 48 and 72 h post-DHR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were main effects of time for CK (p= 0.05), pain pressure threshold (right tibialis anterior (p= 0.010), right biceps femoris (p= 0.01), and left iliotibial band (ITB) (p= 0.05) across all time points), and maximum squat jump power (p= 0.04). Compared with 24 h post-DHR, maximum squat jump power was significantly lower at 48 h post-DHR (p= 0.05). Lower body perceived soreness was significantly increased at 24 h (p= 0.02) and baseline to 48 h (p= 0.02) post DHR. IL-6 peaked immediately post-DHR (p= 0.03) and hsCRP peaked at 24 h post-DHR (p= 0.06). Calculation of effect sizes indicated a moderate attenuation of hsCRP in MIPS at 72 h post-DHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Consumption of MIPS for 4 weeks prior to a single bout of DHR attenuated inflammation three days post, but did not affect perceived soreness and muscle damage markers in endurance trained female runners following a single bout of DHR.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Köhne
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ; Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ormsbee
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa ; Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Institute of Sport Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA ; Discipline of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McKune
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D063806:Myalgia / Q000097:blood*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D064133:Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: Eccentric exercise; Muscle soreness; Recovery