title: Smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method.
abstract: In order to realize high contrast imaging with portable devices for potential mobile healthcare, we demonstrate a hand-held smartphone based quantitative phase microscope using the transport of intensity equation method. With a cost-effective illumination source and compact microscope system, multi-focal images of samples can be captured by the smartphone's camera via manual focusing. Phase retrieval is performed using a self-developed Android application, which calculates sample phases from multi-plane intensities via solving the Poisson equation. We test the portable microscope using a random phase plate with known phases, and to further demonstrate its performance, a red blood cell smear, a Pap smear and monocot root and broad bean epidermis sections are also successfully imaged. Considering its advantages as an accurate, high-contrast, cost-effective and field-portable device, the smartphone based hand-held quantitative phase microscope is a promising tool which can be adopted in the future in remote healthcare and medical diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan 621900, China and School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China.
authors.forename: Huachuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.
authors.forename: Keding
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China. xueliangokay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Haoyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China. xueliangokay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China. wsy_photonics@yahoo.com cheng.liu@hotmail.co.uk.
authors.forename: Shouyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012031:Refractometry; D000068997:Smartphone