title: Proposals for Upper Limits of Safe Intake for Arginine and Tryptophan in Young Adults and an Upper Limit of Safe Intake for Leucine in the Elderly.
abstract: On the basis of research presented during the 9th Amino Acid Assessment Workshop, a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for diet-added arginine (added mostly in the form of dietary supplements) of 30 g/d and an upper limit of safe intake (ULSI) for diet-added tryptophan (added mostly in the form of dietary supplements) of 4.5 g/d have been proposed. Both recommendations apply to healthy young adults. The total dietary leucine ULSI proposed for elderly individuals is 500 mg · kg-1· d-1All 3 recommendations are relevant only to high-quality amino acid-containing products with specifications corresponding to those listed in the US Pharmacopeia Because the above amino acids are extensively utilized as dietary supplements for various real or perceived benefits, such as vasodilation, spermatogenesis, sleep, mood regulation, or muscle recovery, the above safety recommendations will have an important impact on regulatory and nutritional practices.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France; luc.cynober@aphp.fr.|Biological Nutrition Laboratory and.|EA 4466, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.|Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Council on Amino Acid Science.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cynober
authors.affiliation: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.|Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Council on Amino Acid Science.
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Bier
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.|Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Council on Amino Acid Science.
authors.forename: Motoni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA.|Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Council on Amino Acid Science.
authors.forename: Sidney M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.|Scientific Advisory Committee of the International Council on Amino Acid Science.
authors.forename: Rajavel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elango
authors.affiliation: International Council on Amino Acid Science, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Miro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smriga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014364:Tryptophan; D001120:Arginine; D007930:Leucine
keywords: NOAEL; arginine; leucine; safe intake; tryptophan