title: POWERDRESS and HDA9 interact and promote histone H3 deacetylation at specific genomic sites in Arabidopsis.
abstract: Histone acetylation is a major epigenetic control mechanism that is tightly linked to the promotion of gene expression. Histone acetylation levels are balanced through the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Arabidopsis HDAC genes (AtHDACs) compose a large gene family, and distinct phenotypes among AtHDAC mutants reflect the functional specificity of individual AtHDACs However, the mechanisms underlying this functional diversity are largely unknown. Here, we show that POWERDRESS (PWR), a SANT (SWI3/DAD2/N-CoR/TFIII-B) domain protein, interacts with HDA9 and promotes histone H3 deacetylation, possibly by facilitating HDA9 function at target regions. The developmental phenotypes of pwr and hda9 mutants were highly similar. Three lysine residues (K9, K14, and K27) of H3 retained hyperacetylation status in both pwr and hda9 mutants. Genome-wide H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation profiling revealed elevated acetylation at largely overlapping sets of target genes in the two mutants. Highly similar gene-expression profiles in the two mutants correlated with the histone H3 acetylation status in the pwr and hda9 mutants. In addition, PWR and HDA9 modulated flowering time by repressing AGAMOUS-LIKE 19 expression through histone H3 deacetylation in the same genetic pathway. Finally, PWR was shown to physically interact with HDA9, and its SANT2 domain, which is homologous to that of subunits in animal HDAC complexes, showed specific binding affinity to acetylated histone H3. We therefore propose that PWR acts as a subunit in a complex with HDA9 to result in lysine deacetylation of histone H3 at specific genomic targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; yjkim77@ibs.re.kr xuemei.chen@ucr.edu.|Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 305-811, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.|College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Ruozhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Dongming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Chi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 305-811, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunggon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mang
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 305-811, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
authors.forename: Xiangsong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
authors.forename: Xuehua
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2350-0046
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 305-811, South Korea.|Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Beixin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
authors.forename: Langtao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; yjkim77@ibs.re.kr xuemei.chen@ucr.edu.|Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5209-1157
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D009154:Mutation; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D006657:Histones; C581301:POWERDRESS protein, Arabidopsis; D014157:Transcription Factors; C583167:HDA9 protein, Arabidopsis; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D008239:Lysine
keywords: AGL19; HDA9; POWERDRESS; SANT domain; histone deacetylation