title: Postvaccination wounds associated predominantly with Arcanobacterium phocae in mink (Neovison vison) at three mink farms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The emerging skin disease fur animal epidemic necrotic pyoderma (FENP) has been attributed to infection with Arcanobacterium phocae (ABP). The exact pathogenesis and risk factors of FENP have yet to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three mink from each of three different mink farms (A-C) with postvaccination skin wounds at the vaccination site and six mink from an unaffected mink farm (D) that had used the same vaccine batch and vaccination site (hind leg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All mink from farms A-C had severe necrotizing to necropurulent dermatitis where they were vaccinated intramuscularly in the hind leg. ABP was the sole bacterium cultured from six of nine wounds. Using 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region and BOX-PCR, the ABP isolates from these wounds were indistinguishable from isolates originating from several cases of FENP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report of FENP-like lesions at the site of vaccination, in the days following the procedure, associated with ABP. At farms with FENP vaccination, procedures should be considered carefully.
authors.affiliation: GD Animal Health, Arnbergstraat 7, 7400, Deventer, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.affiliation: GD Animal Health, Arnbergstraat 7, 7400, Deventer, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rianne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buter
authors.affiliation: Gabinet Weterynaryjny Fur-Vet, Ul. Batorego 3a, 69-200, Sulęcin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sroka
mesh_terms: D000193:Actinomycetales Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D055667:Arcanobacterium / Q000145:classification*; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000662:veterinary; D008907:Mink; D017192:Skin Diseases, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*