title: Emission characteristic of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from medical waste incinerators (MWIs) in China in 2016: A comparison between higher emission levels of MWIs and lower emission levels of MWIs.
abstract: Emission characteristic of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from 12 medical waste incinerators (MWIs) which have a total yearly capacity of 523 440 ton medical waste and accounted for 8.1% of total yearly capacity of 246 MWIs in China were studied. The congeners profile, emissions and toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ) indicators of PCDD/Fs in stack gas from two groups of MWIs were researched, and the possible formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from MWIs were preliminarily discussed. The results of present study were summarized as follows. (1) The total concentrations and TEQ of PCDD/Fs in stack gas from MWIs were 0.516-122.803 ng Nm-3and 0.031-3.463 ng I-TEQ Nm-3, respectively. (2) 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDF, O8CDD, O8CDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-H7CDD were the indicatory PCDD/Fs of MWI source, which could be used to apportion the sources of PCDD/Fs in environmental medium in China. (3) The emission factors of PCDD/Fs from MWIs ranged from 32.7 to 4900.0 ng I-TEQ ton-1with a mean of 1923.6 ng I-TEQ ton-1. (4) The gas emissions of PCDD/Fs from researched 12 MWIs and all of MWIs in China in 2016 were 37.742 and 465.951 mg I-TEQ year-1, respectively. (5) 1,2,3,7,8,9-H6CDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8-H6CDF were effective TEQ indicators for the real-time monitoring of the PCDD/Fs emission. (6) The congeners profile and factor composition of PCDD/Fs in stack gas from two groups of MWIs were researched based on positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and the possible formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from MWIs were preliminarily discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Jiafu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Xuepeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. Electronic address: nzg@tju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. Electronic address: zhangying@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D000072318:Dibenzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D017745:Incineration; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D000072318:Dibenzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D008506:Medical Waste; D017744:Medical Waste Disposal; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
keywords: Emissions; Medical waste incinerators; PCDD/Fs; Stack gas; TEQ indicators