title: Unexpected deaths in cardiology outpatients - what can we learn from case review?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A proportion of cardiac patients managed at a cardiology outpatient clinic will die between clinic visits. This study aimed to identify the cause of death, to determine if case review occurred and if a formal review of such cases might be useful.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-centre retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A remote regional centre in the North of Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who had been removed from the cardiology outpatient clinic due to death in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cause of death, comorbidities and treatments were collected from hospital records and the national register of deaths. Chi-squared test and Student'st-test were used with significance taken at the 5% level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 10,606 patients who attended the cardiology outpatient clinic, 75 (0.7%) patients died in the community. The majority (57.0%) died from a non-cardiac cause. Eleven patients (14.9%) died due to an unexpected cardiac death. A detailed case note review was undertaken. In only two (18.2%) cases was any note made as to the cause of death in the hospital records and in only one was there details of post mortem discussion between primary and secondary care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small proportion of patients attending a cardiology outpatient clinic died in the community. Documentation of the death in the hospital notes was very poor and evidence of post mortem communication between primary and secondary care was absent in all but one case. Better documentation and communication between primary and secondary care would seem desirable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas Michael
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kitz
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Unit, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness IV2 3UJ, UK.
authors.forename: Nikki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burnand
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortner
authors.affiliation: NHS Highland, Inverness IV2 7GE, UK.
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Rudd
authors.affiliation: Cairn Medical Practice, Inverness IV2 4AG, UK.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, Centre for Health Science, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK.
authors.forename: Gordon F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Rushworth
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Unit, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness IV2 3UJ, UK; Department of Diabetes & Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen James
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Leslie
keywords: Death; cardiology; communication; outpatients; primary care; secondary care