title: Exosome-Encapsulated microRNAs as Potential Circulating Biomarkers in Colon Cancer.
abstract: Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs are being suggested as a new class novel biomarker as diagnostic and predictive markers in colorectal cancer. These particles are released from many cell types into the extracellular space upon fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVB) with the plasma membrane. They contain a wide variety of information, including proteins, lipids, RNAs, non-transcribed RNAs, microRNAs, which can be circulated in various body fluids (e.g., blood, salvia, ascites, urine). Exosomes can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells and thereby modulate the functional of recipient cells and play a key role in disease progression or facilitate metastasis in cancers. The aim of current review is to give an overview about origin and trafficking of exosomes between cells, techniques to isolate exosomal microRNAs as well as the potential applications of exosomeencapsulated microRNAs as diagnostic markers in clinical settings in colorectal cancer. There is growing body of evidence showing the prognostic and diagnostic value of some exosomal microRNAs in colon cancer (e.g., miR- 150, miR-21, miR-192, let-7a, miR-223, and miR-23a). These findings provide a new insight on novel application of these markers as being novel non-invasive biomarkers for early detection and risk assessment of patients with colorectal cancer, although further investigations in larger population are required to explore the clinical utility of exosomal microRNAs in colorectal cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khatamianfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nedaeinia
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafiee
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maftouh
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghayour-Mobarhan
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Soodabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: ShahidSales
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies; Cancer Research Center; School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Exosomes; biomarkers; colorectal cancer; microRNAs