title: Synthetic MRI in the Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Plaques.
abstract: Synthetic MR imaging enables the creation of various contrast-weighted images including double inversion recovery and phase-sensitive inversion recovery from a single MR imaging quantification scan. Here, we assessed whether synthetic MR imaging is suitable for detecting MS plaques.
  
  
  
  Quantitative and conventional MR imaging data on 12 patients with MS were retrospectively analyzed. Synthetic T2-weighted, FLAIR, double inversion recovery, and phase-sensitive inversion recovery images were produced after quantification of T1 and T2 values and proton density. Double inversion recovery images were optimized for each patient by adjusting the TI. The number of visible plaques was determined by a radiologist for a set of these 4 types of synthetic MR images and a set of conventional T1-weighted inversion recovery, T2-weighted, and FLAIR images. Conventional 3D double inversion recovery and other available images were used as the criterion standard. The total acquisition time of synthetic MR imaging was 7 minutes 12 seconds and that of conventional MR imaging was 6 minutes 29 seconds The lesion-to-WM contrast and lesion-to-WM contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated and compared between synthetic and conventional double inversion recovery images.
  
  
  
  The total plaques detected by synthetic and conventional MR images were 157 and 139, respectively (P= .014). The lesion-to-WM contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio on synthetic double inversion recovery images were superior to those on conventional double inversion recovery images (P= .001 and < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  
  Synthetic MR imaging enabled detection of more MS plaques than conventional MR imaging in a comparable acquisition time. The contrast for MS plaques on synthetic double inversion recovery images was better than on conventional double inversion recovery images.
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.) ahagiwara-tky@umin.ac.jp.|Department of Radiology (A.H., A.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5277-3249
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1791-8032
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Neurology (K.Y.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0950-1093
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: M Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8187-0926
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9339-6950
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andica
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9102-0255
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5028-218X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamagata
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2625-1161
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: K K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5924-3283
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kumamaru
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).|Department of Radiological Sciences (M.N.), Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6309-2403
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1506-6849
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1942-9363
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: N
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8360-4034
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (A.H., A.K.), Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7141-2585
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kunimatsu
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., M.H., M.Y.T., C.A., T.T., K.K., M.S., K.K.K., M.N., N.T., H.K., N.H., S.A.).
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2821-0651
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies