title: Electrophysiology in Fisher syndrome.
abstract: Fisher syndrome (FS), a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), is characterized by the clinical triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia. The lesion sites for these unique clinical features include the oculomotor nerves and group 1a neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, and the presence of FS is determined by the expression of ganglioside GQ1b in the human nervous system. Neurophysiological findings suggest that ataxia and areflexia are due to an impaired proprioceptive afferent system. Typically, the soleus H-reflex is absent and a body-sway analysis using posturography shows a 1-Hz peak, which indicates proprioception dysfunction. Sensory nerve action potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials are abnormal in approximately 30% of FS patients, indicating the occasional involvement of cutaneous (group 2) afferents. During the disease course, approximately 15% of FS patients suffer an overlap of axonal GBS with nerve conduction abnormalities that reflect axonal dysfunction. This review summarizes electrophysiological abnormalities and their clinical significance in FS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. Electronic address: kuwabara-s@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Sonoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Misawa
mesh_terms: D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D055724:Electrophysiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D006181:H-Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019846:Miller Fisher Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D009802:Oculomotor Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Anti-GQ1b antibody; Fisher syndrome; Group 1a afferent; H-reflex; Sensory nerve conduction