title: Macroprolactinomas and Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenomas and Pregnancy Outcomes.
abstract: To examine the monitoring, management, and outcomes of pituitary tumors in pregnancy.
  
  
  
  A national, prospective, observational, population-based case series study was conducted in all U.K. consultant-led obstetric units over 3 years using the U.K. Obstetric Surveillance System. To evaluate rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes, women with a macroprolactinoma (10 mm or greater) or nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, diagnosed before or during pregnancy, were compared with two comparison groups: 1) a U.K. Obstetric Surveillance System cohort with singleton (n=2,205) or twin (n=27) pregnancy; and 2) data from the Office of National Statistics (n=2,703,102). Main outcome measures were the incidence, management, and frequency of adverse maternal and offspring outcomes of pituitary tumors in pregnancy.
  
  
  
  There were 71 confirmed cases of pituitary tumors in pregnancy (49 macrolactinoma, 16 nonfunctioning adenomas, three acromegaly, three Cushing's disease). The women with pituitary tumors were 4 years older than comparison women (P<.001). None of the nine women treated with surgery or radiotherapy before pregnancy had symptomatic tumor expansion. This occurred in 6 of 40 women with macroprolactinomas and one of seven nonfunctioning adenomas diagnosed before conception and in three of five women with nonfunctioning adenomas diagnosed in pregnancy. Two women had pituitary apoplexy, both of whom also had symptoms of expansion of tumor or surrounding pituitary tissue. To within the level of accuracy possible, there was no evidence that pituitary tumors were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, preterm labor, stillbirth). Women with nonfunctioning adenomas were more likely to have cesarean delivery compared with women in a control group (relative risk 2.06, confidence interval 1.26-3.36, P=.035).
  
  
  
  The majority of women with macroprolactinomas and nonfunctioning adenomas have good pregnancy outcomes. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas occur more commonly in pregnancy than previously thought and can present de novo with symptoms of pituitary expansion in pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, Hampshire, the Division of Women's Health, King's College London and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, the National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, and the Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kimberley
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rees
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Seed
authors.forename: Mandish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dhanjal
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: McCance
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077465:Cabergoline; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004873:Ergolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005687:Galactorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016742:Preconception Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D015175:Prolactinoma / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050497:Stillbirth / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004873:Ergolines; D001971:Bromocriptine; D000077465:Cabergoline