title: Insights into functional and evolutionary analysis of carbaryl metabolic pathway from Pseudomonas sp. strain C5pp.
abstract: Carbaryl (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate) is a most widely used carbamate pesticide in the agriculture field. Soil isolate, Pseudomonas sp. strain C5pp mineralizes carbaryl via 1-naphthol, salicylate and gentisate, however the genetic organization and evolutionary events of acquisition and assembly of pathway have not yet been studied. The draft genome analysis of strain C5pp reveals that the carbaryl catabolic genes are organized into three putative operons, 'upper', 'middle' and 'lower'. The sequence and functional analysis led to identification of new genes encoding: i) hitherto unidentified 1-naphthol 2-hydroxylase, sharing a common ancestry with 2,4-dichlorophenol monooxygenase; ii) carbaryl hydrolase, a member of a new family of esterase; and iii) 1,2-dihydroxy naphthalene dioxygenase, uncharacterized type-II extradiol dioxygenase. The 'upper' pathway genes were present as a part of a integron while the 'middle' and 'lower' pathway genes were present as two distinct class-I composite transposons. These findings suggest the role of horizontal gene transfer event(s) in the acquisition and evolution of the carbaryl degradation pathway in strain C5pp. The study presents an example of assembly of degradation pathway for carbaryl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
authors.forename: Vikas D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India.
authors.forename: Pramod Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Jangir
authors.affiliation: Microbial Biotechnology and Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110020, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
authors.forename: Prashant S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Phale
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry; D012721:Carbaryl / Q000378:metabolism*; D049308:Dioxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016680:Genome, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways / Q000235:genetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010575:Pesticides; C519715:1-naphthol-2-hydroxylase, Pseudomonas; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D049308:Dioxygenases; C038703:naphthalene dioxygenase; D000581:Amidohydrolases; D012721:Carbaryl