title: Adult cognitive outcomes following childhood mild traumatic brain injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the adult cognitive outcomes of one versus multiple childhood mTBI and to examine the potential predictors of the outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of neurosurgical files and hospital records, as well as community recruitment, yielded 169 participants, who were injured between ages 0-17 years and assessed between ages 18-30 years with at least five years post-injury. Each participant underwent a three-hour assessment. For data analysis, participants were grouped by type and number of injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mTBI group exhibited some cognitive deficits but their performance fell between the control and moderate/severe TBI groups as expected. Those with one and multiple mTBI performed comparably across all cognitive domains. Cognitive outcomes were significantly predicted by estimated IQ but not by number of mTBI and age at injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the detected cognitive deficits, those who sustained multiple mTBI did not exhibit worse or cumulative deficits compared to those with one mTBI.
authors.affiliation: a Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.
authors.forename: Joy Noelle
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Yumul
authors.affiliation: a Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9846-8514
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013995:Time
keywords: Cognitive outcomes; childhood; long term; mild traumatic brain injury; multiple mTBI