title: Low magnesium diet alters distribution of macroelements and trace elements in tissues and organs of female rats.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess whether dietary magnesium deficiency can alter distribution of macroelements and trace elements in different organs and tissues. Experiments were carried out on 12 adult female Wistar rats, which were fed either a diet with low Mg content (≤20mgkg-1of diet) (LMgD) or a diet with daily recommended Mg content (≈500mgkg-1) as control group (CG) for 70 days. On the 70th day of the experiment heart, aorta, femoral skeletal muscle, forebrain, cerebellum, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, ovaries, uterus, liver, kidneys, and spleen were taken for analysis of mineral content. Concentrations of Fe and Ca were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and levels of Na, K, Mg, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, Se, I were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. On the 70th day, LMgD led to significant reduction of Mg level in red blood cells, plasma, aorta, uterus and thyroid gland compared to CG as well as resulted in significant decrease of Mg/Ca ratio in kidneys, spleen and ovaries. Contrary to this, an increase of Mg/Ca ratio was found in cerebellum of LMgD group. Significant decrease of K concentration was shown in aorta of LMgD animals compared to CG whereas myocardial K concentration was increased in LMgD group. Na level was two-fold higher in skeletal muscles of rats that received LMgD in comparison to CG (p=0.006). Increased concentrations of Fe in ovaries and uterus were found in LMgD. Mg restriction did not affect Zn concentration in any of tasted tissues. Se level was higher in spleen and lower in uterus of LMgD animals compared to CG. MgD was accompanied by increased level of Co in skeletal muscles and decreased its level in kidneys and uterus. LMgD feeding was associated with decreased concentrations of Ni in heart, thyroid gland, spleen, uterus and Co in heart, aorta, liver, kidneys, spleen and ovaries. The changes of Mg, K, Co content were accompanied by dramatic (10-fold) decrease of I concentration in aorta of LMgD animals. LMgD causes decrease of I content in ovaries and increase of I level in uterus vs CG. Thus, distribution of macroelements (Ca, Na, K) was weakly affected by Mg restriction that led to the most evident alterations of Co and Ni tissue levels. Moreover, mineral balance of uterus seems to be the most susceptible to low Mg intake. Hypomagnesaemia resulted in significant changes of 5 studied trace elements (Fe, Se, Cu, Ni and Co).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Department of Immunology and Allergology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
authors.forename: Anastasia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zheltova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80 - 82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Maria V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Kharitonova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Centre for Neuroscience Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: iezhitsa@salam.uitm.edu.my.
authors.forename: Igor N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Iezhitsa
authors.affiliation: Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow 105064, Russia.
authors.forename: Eugeny P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Serebryansky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia; Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathology, Paediatric Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow 117997, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Evsyukov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Volgograd State Medical University, Pl. Pavshikh Bortsov, 1, Volgograd 400131, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Spasov
authors.affiliation: Russian Society of Trace Elements in Medicine, 46 Zemlyanoy Val str., Moscow 105064, Russia; Trace Element-Institute for UNESCO, 7 rue Guillaume Paradin, 69008 Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Anatoly V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Skalny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008903:Minerals / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008903:Minerals; D014131:Trace Elements; D008274:Magnesium
keywords: Calcium (Ca); Cobalt (Co); Copper (Cu); Female rats; Hypomagnesaemia; Imbalance of macroelements and trace elements; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; Iodine (I); Iron (Fe); Magnesium (Mg) deficient diet; Nickel (Ni); Potassium (K); Selenium (Se); Sodium (Na); Zinc (Zn)