title: Prognostic significance of venous invasion and maximum standardized uptake value of18F-FDG PET/CT in surgically resected T1N0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of recurrence in patients with early stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 190 patients with confirmed T1N0M0 ESCC after curative esophagectomy. The following potential prognostic factors for recurrence were investigated: age, sex, pathologic T category, tumor location, differentiation grade, tumor size, venous invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, perineural invasion and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 174 male and 16 female patients with a median age of 66.0 years (range, 42.0-79.0 years). The pathologic status of the surgically resected ESCCs was T1a in 93 patients (48.9%) and T1b in 97 patients (51.1%). The median number of dissected lymph nodes was 35 (range, 10 to 86), and all lymph nodes were negative for tumors. The multivariate analysis showed presence of venous invasion [HR (hazard ratio), 11.433; P < 0.001) and SUVmax ≥ 3.2 (HR, 2.830; P = 0.011) as independent risk factors for recurrence. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 25.0% for patients with venous invasion and 78.9% for those without (P < 0.001). The 5-year RFS was 67.1% for patients with an SUVmax ≥3.2 and 81.5% for those with an SUVmax <3.2 (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Venous invasion and high SUVmax could be important prognostic factors coupled with the TNM staging system, in patients with early stage ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jongmog@ncc.re.kr.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Lung Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: G-K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Zo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000072078:Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Esophageal neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Positron-emission tomography; Recurrence