title: Impact of exercise on fecal and cecal metabolome over aging: a longitudinal study in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Physical exercise can reduce adverse conditions during aging, while both exercise and aging act as metabolism modifiers. The present study investigates rat fecal and cecal metabolome alterations derived from exercise during rats' lifespan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups of rats trained life-long or for a specific period of time were under study. The training protocol consisted of swimming, 15-18 min per day, 3-5 days per week, with load of 4-0% of rat's weight. Fecal samples and cecal extracts were analyzed by targeted and untargeted metabolic profiling methods (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS). Effects of exercise and aging on the rats' fecal and cecal metabolome were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fecal and cecal metabolomics are a promising field to investigate exercise biochemistry and age-related alterations.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deda
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gika
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Panagoulis
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taitzoglou
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raikos
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodoridis
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013550:Swimming; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
keywords: GC–MS; LC–MS; aging; cecal samples; exercise; fecal samples; metabolomics; rats