title: Sex differences in early growth during the first three years of life in offspring from mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Newborns born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are thought to be at high risk for lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and hypertension, in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal study of 78 pregnant women with PIH and their newborns, who visited Okayama University Hospital from 2009 to 2013.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the change in growth of offspring born to mothers with PIH and compared it with the standard growth curve in Japanese to examine whether there was rapid catch-up growth during the first 3years of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were 78 pregnant women with PIH and their offspring, who visited Okayama University Hospital from 2009 to 2013. Valid responses were obtained from 29 of 78 (37.1%) women. Body weight and length at birth were at the third percentile or less in females, and at the 10th percentile or less, in males. When body weight and length were compared at 6months, 18months, and 3years old between male and female toddlers, male toddlers slowly caught up until 3years old, but female toddlers rapidly caught up in the first 6months. Furthermore, in newborns with fetal growth restriction caused by the intrauterine environment of PIH, differences in physical development between male and female toddlers were more remarkable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a significant sex difference in catch-up growth during the first 3years, which might be involved in lifestyle-related diseases in adulthood, suggesting continuous follow-up is necessary, especially for female offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. Electronic address: masuyama@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayata
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D057238:Growth Charts; D006801:Humans; D046110:Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Catch-up growth; Fetal growth restriction; Pregnancy-induced hypertension; Sex; Toddler