title: Kidney resistive index relates to variations of home blood pressure in chronic kidney diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney resistive index (RI) correlates with tubulointerstitial changes and predicts renal prognosis. Most patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) manifest high blood pressure and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In addition, various atherosclerotic indexes relate to variations in blood pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 70 CKD patients, who visited our office and agreed to measure home blood pressure and receive renal ultrasonography. Cross-sectional analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient age was averaged 61 ± 15 (SD) y/o and 60% were male. Mean serum creatinine and proteinuria were 1.2 ± 0.5 mg/dl and 0.2 ± 0.5 g/gCr, respectively. Office blood pressure and kidney RI were 128 ± 17/75 ± 11 mmHg and 0.66 ± 0.08, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age and office blood pressure independently correlated to kidney RI (p < 0.05 for each). Home blood pressure was averaged 122 ± 7/70 ± 6 mmHg. Both standard deviation and the maximal-minimal difference in home systolic blood pressure related to kidney RI (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that office blood pressure correlates to kidney RI, which predicts renal prognosis. In addition, our data implicate that kidney RI relates to variations in home systolic blood pressure, and suggest that kidney RI may be a good index for atherosclerosis in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , International University of Health and Welfare , Minato, Tokyo , Japan.|b Community Health Science Center , Saitama Medical University , Iruma, Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , International University of Health and Welfare , Minato, Tokyo , Japan.|b Community Health Science Center , Saitama Medical University , Iruma, Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , International University of Health and Welfare , Minato, Tokyo , Japan.|b Community Health Science Center , Saitama Medical University , Iruma, Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: Atherosclerosis; arterial stiffness; cardiovascular disease; eGFR; office blood pressure; proteinuria; ultrasonography