title: Correlation of crevicular fluid and serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and leptin in chronic periodontitis and obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and leptin are both adipokines and involved in the pathophysiology of different vascular and inflammatory diseases and selectively elevated in patients with obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine and correlate the levels of RBP4 and leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 70 patients with age group 25 to 45 years were divided into four groups based on gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), body mass index (BMI) and radiographic evidence of bone loss. The groups were (1) group I (non-obese periodontally healthy), (2) group II (obese periodontally healthy), (3) group III (non-obese with chronic periodontitis) and (4) group IV (obese with chronic periodontitis). The GCF and serum levels of human RBP4 and leptin were quantified using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase in RBP4 levels from group I to group IV was found in both GCF and serum. However, GCF leptin levels was found to be greatest in group II, then group I, group IV and group III showing the least while an increase in serum levels from group I to group IV was found. The GCF and serum values of the inflammatory mediator correlated with the evaluated periodontal parameters and with each other (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RBP4 and leptin can be considered as possible GCF and serum markers of inflammatory activity in CP and obesity, which further longitudinal studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Dharmendra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanoriya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. periodonticsgdcri@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pradeep
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallika
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College and Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Vibhuti
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma
keywords: Chronic periodontitis; Gingival crevicular fluid; Inflammation; Obesity