title: Modulation of immune cells and Th1/Th2 cytokines in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of the immune system in insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes has been suggested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the profile of Th1/Th2 cytokines along with the frequencies of immune cells in insulin-treated type 2 diabetic patients (T2DP).
  
  
  METHODS
  45 T2D patients and 43 age-matched healthy subjects were selected. Serum concentrations of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cytokines and the frequencies of innate and adaptive immunity cells were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T2DP were hyperglycemic and showed high level of insulin, normal levels of triglycerides and total-cholesterol and without any change in HDL-cholesterol.Compared to healthy subjects, T2DP exhibited significant decreased frequencies of neutrophils, without any change in monocytes, eosinophils and natural killer cells. The percentages of total lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD8+-T-cells decreased whereas those of regulatory T-cells increased without any change in CD4+ T-cells in T2DP. Interestingly, the frequencies of effector CD4+-T and B-cells increased in T2DP. Serum concentrations of IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4 decreased while IL-10 significantly enhanced in T2DP, suggesting a differentiation of CD4+T helper cells towards IL-10-producing-Teff-cells in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insulin-treated type 2 diabetes is associated with anti-inflammatory profile consistent with differentiation of CD4+-Th-cells towards IL-10-producing-Teff-cells, concomitant with increased frequencies of Treg and B-cells, and this may probably offer prevention against certain infections or autoimmune/inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA) and Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Magloire Pandoua
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nekoua
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA) and Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Rufine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fachinan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA) and Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Amidou K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Atchamou
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur le Paludisme associé à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance IRD/UMR-216, Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Odilon
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nouatin
authors.affiliation: Service of Internal Medicine, Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire (CNHU) and Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS);, Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Amoussou-Guenou
authors.affiliation: Service of Radio-immuno-assay (SERID), Faculty of Health Sciences (FSS); Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Marcellin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Amoussou-Guenou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA) and Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Kabirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moutairou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA) and Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Bénin.
authors.forename: Akadiri
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yessoufou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Immune cells; Insulin; Th1/Th2 polarization; Type 2 diabetes