title: Transperineal biopsies of MRI-detected aggressive index lesions in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients: Implications for treatment decision.
abstract: Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) has a potential role for the identification of aggressive cancer that can be targeted for biopsy. We report the incidence and severity of discordant information between the pathology found on the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy and the mpMRI findings in patients with favorable or intermediate-risk prostate cancer referred for brachytherapy.
  
  
  
  From March 2014 to September 2015, 10/44 consecutive patients with low- or intermediate-risk prostate cancer referred for brachytherapy presented an aggressive lesion on mpMRI and underwent an MRI-TRUS fusion-guided transperineal biopsy of the index lesion.
  
  
  
  A median of two intraprostatic lesions were detected by mpMRI for each patient. Three patients had bilateral disease, and seven had unilateral disease on mpMRI. The median number of cores obtained by MRI-TRUS-guided fusion of the index lesion was 3 (range 2-4). As a result of the re-evaluation consequent to additional information becoming available after the transperineal biopsy, upgrading of Gleason score occurred in 8 of the 10 patients, which changed the risk group in 9 patients. These changes resulted in modification of the proposed treatment in 8 patients.
  
  
  
  MpMRI-US fusion-targeted biopsy sampling allows detection and characterization of otherwise undetected aggressive disease, often placing men in higher risk groups and altering the treatment approach.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Cruces/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain. Electronic address: agomeziturriaga@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gomez-Iturriaga
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Cruces/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Casquero
authors.affiliation: Pathology, Hospital Universitario Cruces/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Urresola
authors.affiliation: Radiology, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ezquerro
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Cruces/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buscher
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Cruces/Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bilbao
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center for the Southern Interior, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crook
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000368:Aged; D062005:Biopsy, Large-Core Needle; D001918:Brachytherapy; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy
keywords: Dominant intraprostatic lesion; Multiparametric MRI; Prostate cancer; Transperineal biopsy