title: Power of Plankton: Effects of Algal Biodiversity on Biocrude Production and Stability.
abstract: Algae-derived biocrude oil is a possible renewable energy alternative to fossil fuel based crude oil. Outdoor cultivation in raceway ponds is estimated to provide a better return on energy invested than closed photobioreactor systems. However, in these open systems, algal crops are subjected to environmental variation in temperature and irradiance, as well as biotic invasions which can cause costly crop instabilities. In this paper, we used an experimental approach to investigate the ability of species richness to maximize and stabilize biocrude production in the face of weekly temperature fluctuations between 17 and 27 °C, relative to a constant-temperature control. We hypothesized that species richness would lead to higher mean biocrude production and greater stability of biocrude production over time in the variable temperature environment. Counter to our hypothesis, species richness tended to cause a decline in mean biocrude production, regardless of environmental temperature variation. However, biodiversity did have stabilizing effects on biocrude production over time in the variable temperature environment and not in the constant temperature environment. Altogether, our results suggest that when the most productive and stable monoculture is unknown, inoculating raceway ponds with a diverse mixture of algae will tend to ensure stable harvests over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology) , BU-G11 Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narwani
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan , 1556 Dana Building, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, United States.
authors.forename: Aubrey R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lashaway
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , 3074 H.H. Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan , 3074 H.H. Dow Building, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.|Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University , 160 Fenske Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Phillip E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.affiliation: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan , 1556 Dana Building, 440 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1041, United States.
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Cardinale
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D058086:Microalgae; D010933:Plankton; D010944:Plants; D013696:Temperature