title: The Effect of Lupinus albus and Calcium Chloride on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Plasma Biochemistry and Meat Quality of Male Pigs Immunized Against Gonadotrophin Releasing Factor.
abstract: Two hundred and ninety-four pigs were used to assess the effect of two ingredients (Lupinus albus (albus lupins) or a combination of calcium chloride and sodium tri-polyphosphate (mineral salts)) on growth performance, body composition and objective meat quality of pigs immunized against gonadotrophin releasing factor (immunocastrates) and entire male pigs in the late finishing phase. Pigs fed mineral salts ate less feed than those fed the control diet with no effect on growth rate (p > 0.05), backfat (p > 0.05) or fat deposition (p > 0.05). Pigs fed albus lupins had a reduced feed intake (p < 0.001 for all time periods), lower growth rate (p < 0.001 for all time periods), lower backfat (p < 0.005) and decreased fat deposition (p < 0.001 for all time periods) compared to those fed the control diet or mineral salts. From day (d) 0-28 pigs fed mineral salts had a better feed conversion ratio (p = 0.001) than those fed albus lupins who in turn had an improved feed conversion compared to the control diet. Immunocastrates had thicker backfat than entire males at the end of the experiment (p < 0.001), however, feeding albus lupins to immunocastrated males reduced backfat thickness to similar to entire males fed the control diet (p = 0.01). With the exception of the increased muscle pH at 45 minutes post-exsanguination in mineral salts and albus lupins compared with the control diet (p = 0.03) there was no effect of diet on objective pork quality. Pork from IC males had a higher ultimate pH (p < 0.001), was lighter (L*; p = 0.003), more yellow (p = 0.008) and had a higher drip loss (p < 0.001) compared to entire males. Albus lupins show potential in reducing the increase in feed intake and backfat associated with immunocastration. Mineral salts may be useful in situations where a reduction in feed intake and an improvement in feed conversion is desired and reducing fat deposition is not the objective.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. karen@klmconsulting.com.au.|Grains and Livestock Industries, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. karen@klmconsulting.com.au.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Grains and Livestock Industries, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. bruce.mullan@agric.wa.gov.au.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mullan
authors.affiliation: Grains and Livestock Industries, Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia. jae.kim@abvista.com.
authors.forename: Jae Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia. fdunshea@unibmelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dunshea
keywords: albus lupins; calcium chloride; fat deposition; growth performance; immunocastrated male pigs; objective meat quality