title: Three-dimensional rotational angiography of the left atrium and the oesophagus: the short-term mobility of the oesophagus and the stability of the fused three-dimensional model of the left atrium and the oesophagus during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the mobility of the oesophagus and the stability of the three-dimensional (3D) model of the oesophagus using 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) of the left atrium (LA) and the oesophagus, fused with live fluoroscopy during catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From March 2015 to September 2015, 3DRA of the LA and the oesophagus was performed in 33 patients before catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Control contrast oesophagography was performed every 30 min. The positions of the oesophagograms and the 3D model of the LA and the oesophagus were repeatedly measured and compared with the spine. The average shift of the oesophagus ranged from 2.7 ± 2.2 to 5.0 ± 3.5 mm. The average real-time oesophageal shift ranged from 2.7 ± 2.2 to 3.8 ± 3.4 mm. No significant shift was detected until the 90th minute of the procedure. The average shift of the 3D model of the LA and the oesophagus ranged from 1.4 ± 1.8 to 3.3 ± 3.0 mm (right-left direction) and from 0.9 ± 1.2 to 2.2 ± 1.3 mm (craniocaudal direction). During the 2 h procedure, there were no significant shifts of the model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, there is no significant change in the position of the oesophagus until the 90th minute of the procedure and no significant shift in the 3D model of the LA and the oesophagus. The 3D model of the oesophagus reliably depicts the position of the oesophagus during the entire procedure.
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Starek
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lehar
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jez
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scurek
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kulik
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Alena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zbankova
authors.affiliation: International Clinical Research Center, 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.|Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059925:Anatomic Landmarks; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D061646:Operative Time; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015641:Radiography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: 3D Rotational angiography of the left atrium and
                      oesophagus; Atrioesophageal fistula; Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation; Image integration; Mobility of the oesophagus