title: Adherence to the 2006 American Heart Association's Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk reduction is associated with bone mineral density in older Chinese.
abstract: This cross-sectional study investigated the association between the modified 2006 American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations (AHA-DLR) and bone mineral density in Chinese adults. We found that better adherence to the AHA-DLR associated with higher bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites.
  
  
  
  Accumulating evidence shows that cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are associated with each other, yet little research has focused on whether strategies to reduce CVD risk could also benefit bone health. We aimed to assess the association between adherence to the modified 2006 American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations (AHA-DLR) and BMD in Chinese adults.
  
  
  
  We included 2092 women and 1051 men aged 40-75 years in this community-based cross-sectional study. Dietary information was assessed using a 79-item food frequency survey through face-to-face interviews at baseline (2008-2010) and 3 years later (2011-2013). Adherence to the AHA-DLR was assessed using modified diet and lifestyle scores (American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Score (AHA-DLS)) adjusted for bone health. BMD for the whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femur neck, and trochanter sites was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 2011-2013.
  
  
  
  After adjusting for potential covariates, greater adherence to the modified AHA-DLS was positively and dose-dependently associated with BMD. The mean BMD was 1.93-3.11% higher in quartile 4 (vs. 1) (all p values <0.01) at multiple sites. Five-unit increases in the modified AHA-DLS score were associated with 4.20-6.07, 4.44-8.51, and 3.36-4.67 mg/cm2increases in BMD at multiple sites for the total subjects, males, and females, respectively (all p values <0.01).
  
  
  
  Better adherence to the AHA-DLR shows protective associations with BMD at multiple sites in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. chenyum@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000572:American Heart Association; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010349:Patient Compliance; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States
keywords: Adults; American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations; Bone mineral density; Chinese