title: Rapid and sensitive point-of-care detection of Orthopoxviruses by ABICAP immunofiltration.
abstract: The rapid and reliable detection of infectious agents is one of the most challenging tasks in scenarios lacking well-equipped laboratory infrastructure, like diagnostics in rural areas of developing countries. Commercially available point-of-care diagnostic tests for emerging and rare diseases are particularly scarce.
  
  
  
  In this work we present a point-of-care test for the detection of Orthopoxviruses (OPV). The OPV ABICAP assay detects down to 1 × 104plaque forming units/mL of OPV particles within 45 min. It can be applied to clinical material like skin crusts and detects all zoonotic OPV infecting humans, including Vaccinia, Cowpox, Monkeypox, and most importantly Variola virus.
  
  
  
  Given the high sensitivity and the ease of handling, the novel assay could be highly useful for on-site diagnostics of suspected Monkeypox virus infections in areas lacking proper laboratory infrastructure as well as rapid on-site testing of suspected bioterrorism samples.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany. SternD@rki.de.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9057-4283
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.affiliation: Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Senova GmbH, Weimar, Germany.
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pietraszczyk
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.|Novel Vaccination Strategies and Early Immune Responses, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
authors.forename: Lilija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: FZMB GmbH, Bad Langensalza, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miethe
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Brigitte G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Dorner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens (ZBS), Robert Koch Institute, Seestrasse 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nitsche
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D018155:Orthopoxvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011213:Poxviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000662:veterinary*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods*
keywords: ABICAP; Cowpox virus; Monkeypox virus; Orthopoxvirus; Point-of-care; Rapid detection; Vaccinia virus; Variola virus; Zoonosis; bioterrorism