title: Deep sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA of the neonatal oral microbiome: a comparison of breast-fed and formula-fed infants.
abstract: In utero and upon delivery, neonates are exposed to a wide array of microorganisms from various sources, including maternal bacteria. Prior studies have proposed that the mode of feeding shapes the gut microbiota and, subsequently the child's health. However, the effect of the mode of feeding and its influence on the development of the neonatal oral microbiota in early infancy has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the oral microbiota of healthy infants that were exclusively breast-fed or formula-fed using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. We demonstrated that the oral bacterial communities were dominated by the phylum Firmicutes, in both groups. There was a higher prevalence of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the mouths of formula-fed infants than in breast-fed infants (p = 0.01), but in contrast Actinobacteria were more prevalent in breast-fed babies; Proteobacteria was more prevalent in saliva of breast-fed babies than in formula-fed neonates (p = 0.04). We also found evidence suggesting that the oral microbiota composition changed over time, particularly Streptococcus species, which had an increasing trend between 4-8 weeks in both groups. This study findings confirmed that the mode of feeding influences the development of oral microbiota, and this may have implications for long-term human health.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia.|School of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21974, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Al-Shehri
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.affiliation: Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.affiliation: Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Liley
authors.affiliation: Queensland University of Technology, Science and Engineering Faculty, School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Ranasinghe
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vagenas
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4102, Australia.|Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, 4102, Australia.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duley
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001942:Breast Feeding; D005260:Female; D000068536:Bacillota / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005865:Gestational Age; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000382:microbiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D020560:Proteobacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S