title: SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON OPTIC NERVE AND MACULAR PERFUSION MEASURED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of exercise on optic nerve and macular perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen eyes of 13 healthy volunteers were examined using a high-speed and high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography XR Avanti with a split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography algorithm. Blood pressure, heart rate, the mean area of the foveal avascular zone , and flow density on the optic nerve head and macula, before and after exercise were measured and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean patient age was 27.3 ± 3.5 years. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after exercise (P < 0.001). The mean area of the foveal avascular zone did not change significantly after exercise (before: 0.27 ± 0.07 mm; after: 0.26 ± 0.07 mm; P = 0.10). The peripapillary and the parafoveal flow density decreased significantly after exercise (peripapillary: before: 65.1 ± 2.1; after: 62.3 ± 3.0; P < 0.001 and parafoveal: before: 56.7 ± 1.3; after: 55.6 ± 1.5; P = 0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased physical activity induced significant changes in optic nerve and macular perfusion, which were measured using split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography optical coherence tomography angiography. In studies that aim to evaluate optic nerve and macular perfusion using optical coherence tomography angiography, it should be strongly recommended that patients rest before imaging is performed and that data concerning systemic circulation including blood pressure and pulse is included within the evaluation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, University of Muenster Medical Center, Muenster, Germany; and †Department of Ophthalmology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maged
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alnawaiseh
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lahme
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treder
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosentreter
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000502:physiology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult