title: Detection of acrA, acrB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and qepA genes among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The distribution of drug resistance among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has limited the therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of quinolone resistance genes among E. coli and K. pneumoniae clinical strains isolated from three educational hospitals of Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 strains of E. coli from Labbafinejad and Taleghani Hospitals and 100 strains of K. pneumoniae from Mofid Children and Taleghani Hospitals were collected between January 2013 and May 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by disk diffusion method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Detection of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes was done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study, fosfomycin and imipenem against E. coli and fosfomycin and tigecycline against K. pneumoniae had the best effect in antimicrobial susceptibility tests. PCR assay using specific primers demonstrated that the prevalence of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes among the 100 E. coli isolates was 0 (0%), 87 (87%), 92 (92%), and 84 (84%), respectively. The prevalence of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB genes among the 100 K. pneumoniae isolates was 4 (4%), 85 (85%), 94 (94%), and 87 (87%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distribution of qepA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, acrA, and acrB resistance determinants in E. coli and K. pneumoniae is a great concern. Therefore, infection control and prevention of spread of drug-resistant bacteria need careful management of medication and identification of resistant isolates.
authors.affiliation: 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.|2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heidary
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aghil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bahramian
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hashemi
authors.affiliation: 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.|3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: 4 Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid Fallah
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Omrani
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eslami
authors.affiliation: 1 Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.|3 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; C083497:AcrA protein, E coli; C083496:AcrB protein, E coli; C524438:QepA protein, E coli
keywords: Escherichia coli; Iran; Klebsiella pneumoniae; quinolone