title: Metabolic Profiling Reveals Differences in Plasma Concentrations of Arabinose and Xylose after Consumption of Fiber-Rich Pasta and Wheat Bread with Differential Rates of Systemic Appearance of Exogenous Glucose in Healthy Men.
abstract: The consumption of products rich in cereal fiber and with a low glycemic index is implicated in a lower risk of metabolic diseases. Previously, we showed that the consumption of fiber-rich pasta compared with bread resulted in a lower rate of appearance of exogenous glucose and a lower glucose clearance rate quantified with a dual-isotope technique, which was in accordance with a lower insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response.
  
  
  
  To gain more insight into the acute metabolic consequences of the consumption of products resulting in differential glucose kinetics, postprandial metabolic profiles were determined.
  
  
  
  In a crossover study, 9 healthy men [mean ± SEM age: 21 ± 0.5 y; mean ± SEM body mass index (kg/m2): 22 ± 0.5] consumed wheat bread (132 g) and fresh pasta (119 g uncooked) enriched with wheat bran (10%) meals. A total of 134 different metabolites in postprandial plasma samples (at -5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180 min) were quantified by using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach (secondary outcomes). Two-factor ANOVA and advanced multivariate statistical analysis (partial least squares) were applied to detect differences between both food products.
  
  
  
  Forty-two different postprandial metabolite profiles were identified, primarily representing pathways related to protein and energy metabolism, which were on average 8% and 7% lower after the men consumed pasta rather than bread, whereas concentrations of arabinose and xylose were 58% and 53% higher, respectively. Arabinose and xylose are derived from arabinoxylans, which are important components of wheat bran. The higher bioavailability of arabinose and xylose after pasta intake coincided with a lower rate of appearance of glucose and amino acids. We speculate that this higher bioavailability is due to higher degradation of arabinoxylans by small intestinal microbiota, facilitated by the higher viscosity of arabinoxylans after pasta intake than after bread intake.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that wheat bran, depending on the method of processing, can increase the viscosity of the meal bolus in the small intestine and interfere with macronutrient absorption in healthy men, thereby influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses. This trial was registered at www.controlled-trials.com as ISRCTN42106325.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, and a.j.pantophlet@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Andre J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9023-0410
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Pantophlet
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Food and Nutrition, Zeist, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Suzan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wopereis
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Coby
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eelderink
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Roel J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9914-5864
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Vonk
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Food and Nutrition, Zeist, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stroeve
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Food and Nutrition, Zeist, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bijlsma
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Food and Nutrition, Zeist, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Stee
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Food and Nutrition, Zeist, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bobeldijk
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Biomics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; and.
authors.forename: Marion G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Priebe
mesh_terms: D001089:Arabinose / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism*; D005504:Food Analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D014994:Xylose / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D014994:Xylose; D001089:Arabinose; D005947:Glucose
keywords: arabinoxylan; bread; healthy men; pasta; postprandial metabolomics; starch digestion; wheat bran