title: Colonic luminal microbiota and bacterial metabolite composition in pregnant Huanjiang mini-pigs: effects of food composition at different times of pregnancy.
abstract: The gut harbours diverse and complex microbiota, which influence body health including nutrient metabolism, immune development, and protection from pathogens. Pregnancy is associated with immune and metabolic changes that might be related to microbiota compositional dynamics. We therefore investigated the colonic luminal bacteria community in Huanjiang mini-pigs fed diets with different nutrient levels from the first to third trimester of pregnancy. The concentrations of intestinal metabolites including short-chain fat acids, NH3-N, indole, skatole, and bioamines were also determined. We found that the colonic bacteria species richness estimators (Chao1 and ACE) decreased with increased gestational age. The dominant phyla identified were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; the dominant genera were Lactobacillus, Treponema, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Prevotella. In addition, microbiota displayed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in composition, diversity, and species abundance in different colonic segments from the first to third trimester of pregnancy. Furthermore, the bacterial metabolites also changed according to the diet used and the pregnancy stage. These findings suggest that colonic bacteria richness decreased as gestational age increased, and that the higher nutrient level diet increased the production of metabolites related to nitrogen metabolism. However, although the higher nutrient diet was associated with pregnancy syndrome, causal links remain to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.|Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterm, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jiao
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: INRA, CNRH-IdF, AgroParisTech, UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris 75005, France.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blachier
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Mei-Mei
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, China.|Research Center of Mini-pig, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosysterm, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang, Guangxi 547100, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology*; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D012862:Skatole / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D007211:Indoles; D012862:Skatole; D009584:Nitrogen