title: Green tea extract intake during lactation modified cardiac macrophage infiltration and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in weanling rats from undernourished mother during gestation and lactation.
abstract: Maternal dietary restriction is often associated with cardiovascular disease in offspring. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea extract (GTE) intake during lactation on macrophage infiltration, and activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and serine-threonine kinase Akt (Akt) in the hearts of weanlings exposed to maternal dietary protein restriction. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed control (C) or low-protein diets (LP) throughout gestation. Following delivery, the dams received a control or a GTE-containing control diet during lactation: control diet during gestation and lactation (CC), low-protein diet during gestation and lactation (LPC), low-protein diet during gestation and 0.12% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPL), and low-protein diet during gestation and 0.24% GTE-containing low-protein diet during lactation (LPH). The female offspring were sacrificed at day 22. Biochemical parameters in the plasma, macrophage infiltration, degree of fibrosis and expression levels of AMPK and Akt were examined. The plasma insulin level increased in LPH compared with LPC. Percentage of the fibrotic areas and the number of macrophages in LPC were higher than those in CC. Conversely, the fibrotic areas and the macrophage number in LPH were smaller (21 and 56%, respectively) than those in LPC. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK in LPL and LPH, and Akt in LPH were greater than those in LPC. In conclusion, maternal protein restriction may induce macrophage infiltration and the decrease of insulin levels. However, GTE intake during lactation may suppress macrophage infiltration and restore insulin secretion function via upregulation of AMPK and insulin signaling in weanlings.
authors.affiliation: 1Graduate School of Health Sciences,Aomori University of Health and Welfare,Aomori,Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: 1Graduate School of Health Sciences,Aomori University of Health and Welfare,Aomori,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.affiliation: 2School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health and Social Work,Kanagawa University of Human Services,Kanagawa,Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences,Aomori University of Health and Welfare,Aomori,Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: 1Graduate School of Health Sciences,Aomori University of Health and Welfare,Aomori,Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007774:Lactation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013662:Tea / Q000737:chemistry*; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013662:Tea; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Green tea extract; heart; macrophage; maternal protein restriction; offspring