title: Thorough Mastication Prior to Swallowing Increases Postprandial Satiety and the Thermic Effect of a Meal in Young Women.
abstract: There is evidence to support that mastication may contribute to the prevention of weight gain via reduction of appetite sensations and subsequent energy intake. However, the metabolic effect of mastication after consumption of a daily meal, composed of the staple food (rice), soup, main and side dishes, is limited. Therefore, the effect of thorough mastication on greater satiety and the thermic effect of a meal (TEM) was investigated in young women. In study 1, energy expenditure (EE) derived from masticatory muscle activity for 20 min was measured while chewing hard, tasteless, non-caloric gum in seven subjects. In study 2, ten subjects consumed a solid meal performing 30 chews per mouthful (30 CPM), or swallowed the same, pureed meal without chewing (0 CPM) on two separate days, and postprandial EE, substrate oxidation, subjective appetite ratings and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity for 3 h were examined. Both test meals were iso-caloric (2,510 kJ) and -weighted (884 g), and consumed in 20 min. From study 1, the EE of mastication itself for the 20 min was estimated to be 3.7±0.8 kJ. From study 2, significantly higher TEM (134.2±15.5 vs. 67.8±13.8 kJ/3 h, p<0.001) as well as satiety (p=0.005), and tendency toward greater fat oxidation (p=0.090) and ANS activity (p=0.069) were observed after consumption of the meal with 30 CPM compared to 0 CPM. In conclusion, thorough mastication before swallowing increased postprandial satiety and the TEM in young women, suggesting such eating behavior may be useful for preventing obesity.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo.
authors.forename: Naho
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komai
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Motokubota
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritani
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003679:Deglutition; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008409:Mastication; D062407:Meals; D019518:Postprandial Period; D018401:Sample Size; D012527:Satiation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins