title: Patent ductus arteriosus in cats (Felis catus): 50 cases (2000-2015).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe signalment, clinical characteristics, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome data in a large case series of cats with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty cats with confirmed PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of medical records from five referral veterinary hospitals for cats with PDA between 2000 and 2015. Cats were included if a PDA was visualized echocardiographically, during surgery, or on post-mortem examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age at presentation was 6 months (range: 36 days-9.7 years; n = 50), and sex distribution was approximately equal (27 male, 23 female). Most cats did not have clinical signs (70.2%; 33/47) at the time of presentation. Murmurs were classified as continuous (55%; 22/40) or systolic (45%; 18/40). Echocardiography confirmed left-to-right shunting in 33 cats (82.5%; 33/40) and right-to-left shunting in 7 (17.5%; 7/40). Concurrent cardiac anomalies were identified in 54.5% (18/33) and pulmonary hypertension in 45.7% (16/35). Closure was pursued in 68% (34/50), and complications associated with the procedure occurred in 14.7% (5/34) of cats, including one intraoperative mortality. Long-term follow up was available in 80% (40/50) of cats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cats with PDA often do not display clinical signs and may not have the characteristic physical examination findings typical of PDA in dogs. An increased prevalence of concurrent cardiac anomalies and pulmonary hypertension were found relative to previous reports. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiogram may provide the most comprehensive information for making a diagnosis and treatment recommendations. PDA closure was associated with a favorable long-term outcome in cats included in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bascuñán
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA. Electronic address: kthieman@cvm.tamu.edu.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Thieman Mankin
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 300 W Drake Rd, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E., Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brisson
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Dr. Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Tou
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-4474, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002415:Cats; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016157:Vascular Fistula / Q000662:veterinary
keywords: Congenital; Feline; Pulmonary hypertension; Shunt; Surgery