title: Chronic Vortioxetine Treatment Reduces Exaggerated Expression of Conditioned Fear Memory and Restores Active Coping Behavior in Chronically Stressed Rats.
abstract: Stress is a risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, disrupting neuronal processes leading to exaggerated fear and compromised coping behaviors. Current antidepressants are only partially effective. Vortioxetine, a novel multimodal antidepressant, is a serotonin transporter inhibitor; 5-HT3, 5-HT7, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist; 5-HT1B partial agonist; and 5-HT1A agonist. We have shown that chronic dietary vortioxetine administration reversed stress-induced deficits in cognitive flexibility. In the present studies, we investigated the generality of vortioxetine's effects on other stress-related behavioral changes after different types of chronic stress.
  
  
  
  In experiment 1, rats were fear-conditioned by pairing a tone with footshock, then exposed to chronic plus acute prolonged stress. In experiment 2, rats were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. In both experiments, beginning on day 4 of chronic stress, vortioxetine was given in the diet (24 mg/kg/d). In experiment 1, effects of vortioxetine were tested on stress-induced changes in retention and extinction of cue-conditioned fear, and in experiment 2, on coping behavior on the shock probe defensive burying test after chronic stress.
  
  
  
  Chronic stress exaggerated the expression of conditioned fear memory. Vortioxetine restored fear memory to control levels and rendered extinction in stressed rats comparable with that in controls. In experiment 2, chronic unpredictable stress caused a shift from active to passive coping behavior, and vortioxetine restored active coping.
  
  
  
  Vortioxetine reduced exaggerated expression of conditioned fear and restored adaptive coping behavior following 2 different types of chronic stress, adding to the evidence of its therapeutic potential in the management of depression and anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hatherall
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Morilak
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D003463:Cues; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D005108:Extinction, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D000078784:Vortioxetine
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D013440:Sulfides; D000078784:Vortioxetine
keywords: coping; depression; fear memory; stress; vortioxetine