title: GABAergic anxiolytic drug in water increases migration behaviour in salmon.
abstract: Migration is an important life-history event in a wide range of taxa, yet many migrations are influenced by anthropogenic change. Although migration dynamics are extensively studied, the potential effects of environmental contaminants on migratory physiology are poorly understood. In this study we show that an anxiolytic drug in water can promote downward migratory behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in both laboratory setting and in a natural river tributary. Exposing salmon smolt to a dilute concentration of a GABAAreceptor agonist (oxazepam) increased migration intensity compared with untreated smolt. These results implicate that salmon migration may be affected by human-induced changes in water chemical properties, such as acidification and pharmaceutical residues in wastewater effluent, via alterations in the GABAAreceptor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gustav
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonatan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klaminder
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alanärä
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Micael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jerker
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fick
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010076:Oxazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014867:Water; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D010076:Oxazepam