title: Historical Perspective on Clinical Trials of Carnitine in Children and Adults.
abstract: The metabolic roles of carnitine have been greatly clarified over the past 50 years, and it is now well established that carnitine is a key player in mitochondrial generation of energy and metabolism of acetyl coenzyme A. A therapeutic role for carnitine in treatment of nutritional deficiencies in infants and children was first demonstrated in 1958, and since that time it has been used to treat a number of inborn errors of metabolism. Carnitine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1985 for treatment of 'primary carnitine deficiency', and later in 1992 for treatment of 'secondary carnitine deficiency', a definition that included the majority of relevant metabolic disorders associated with low or abnormal plasma carnitine levels. Today, carnitine treatment of inborn errors of metabolism is a safe and integral part of many treatment protocols, and a growing interest in carnitine has resulted in greater recognition of many causes of carnitine depletion. Notwithstanding, there is still a lack of data from randomized clinical trials, even on the use of carnitine in inborn errors of metabolism, although ethical issues may be a contributing factor in this regard.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oreg., USA.
authors.forename: Neil R M
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Buist
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000266:history; D002648:Child; D053198:Child Nutrition Sciences / Q000266:history*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D022124:Hyperammonemia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D008052:Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000266:history / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000266:history*; D009965:Orphan Drug Production / Q000266:history
chemical_list: D002333:Carnitine Acyltransferases; D002331:Carnitine