title: Biodegradation of the Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by a New Isolated Strain of Achromobacter sp. LZ35.
abstract: In this study, a bacterial strain of Achromobacter sp. LZ35, which was capable of utilizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) as the sole sources of carbon and energy for growth, was isolated from the soil in a disused pesticide factory in Suzhou, China. The optimal 2,4-D degradation by strain LZ35 occurred at 30 °C and pH 8.0 when the initial 2,4-D concentration was 200 mg L-1. Strain LZ35 harbored the conserved 2,4-D/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (96%) and 2,4-dichlorophenol hydroxylase (99%), and catabolized 2,4-D via the intermediate 2,4-dichlorophenol. The inoculation of 7.8 × 106CFU g-1soil of strain LZ35 cells to 2,4-D-contaminated soil could efficiently remove over 75 and 90% of 100 and 50 mg L-12,4-D in 12 days and significantly released the phytotoxicity of maize caused by the 2,4-D residue. This is the first report of an Achromobacter sp. strain that was capable of mineralizing both 2,4-D and MCPA. This study provides us a promising candidate for its application in the bioremediation of 2,4-D- or MCPA-contaminated sites.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Science, Kunming, 650031, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shun-Peng
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Agricultural Academy Science, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. gtsghhz@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. jiang_jjd@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D042402:Achromobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002681:China; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D003313:Zea mays / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid