title: Cerebral blood flow measured by arterial spin labeling MRI at resting state in normal aging and Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging uses arterial blood water as an endogenous tracer to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). In this review, based on ASL studies in the resting state, we discuss state-of-the-art technical and data processing improvements in ASL, and ASL CBF changes in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other types of dementia. We propose that vascular and AD risk factors should be considered when evaluating CBF changes in aging, and that other validated biomarkers should be used as inclusion criteria or covariates when evaluating CBF changes in MCI and AD. With improvements in hardware and experimental design, ASL is proving to be an increasingly promising tool for exploring pathogenetic mechanisms, early detection, monitoring disease progression and pharmacological response, and differential diagnosis of AD.
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. Electronic address: MLGordon@northwell.edu.
authors.forename: Marc L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.affiliation: The Litwin-Zucker Research Center, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA. Electronic address: TGoldber@northwell.edu.
authors.forename: Terry E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: Aging; Alzheimer’s disease; Arterial spin labeling; Cerebral blood flow; Magnetic resonance imaging; Mild cognitive impairment