title: Using a contextualized sensemaking model for interaction design: A case study of tumor contouring.
abstract: Sensemaking theories help designers understand the cognitive processes of a user when he/she performs a complicated task. This paper introduces a two-step approach of incorporating sensemaking support within the design of health information systems by: (1) modeling the sensemaking process of physicians while performing a task, and (2) identifying software interaction design requirements that support sensemaking based on this model. The two-step approach is presented based on a case study of the tumor contouring clinical task for radiotherapy planning. In the first step of the approach, a contextualized sensemaking model was developed to describe the sensemaking process based on the goal, the workflow and the context of the task. In the second step, based on a research software prototype, an experiment was conducted where three contouring tasks were performed by eight physicians respectively. Four types of navigation interactions and five types of interaction sequence patterns were identified by analyzing the gathered interaction log data from those twenty-four cases. Further in-depth study on each of the navigation interactions and interaction sequence patterns in relation to the contextualized sensemaking model revealed five main areas for design improvements to increase sensemaking support. Outcomes of the case study indicate that the proposed two-step approach was beneficial for gaining a deeper understanding of the sensemaking process during the task, as well as for identifying design requirements for better sensemaking support.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aselmaa
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Herk
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laprie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nestle
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Götz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wiedenmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Str. 3, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schimek-Jasch
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picaud
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Syrykh
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Leonel V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Cagetti
authors.affiliation: Département de Radiothérapie, Institut Claudius-Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 1, avenue Irène-Joliot-Curie, 31059 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jolnerovski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands. Electronic address: y.song@tudelft.nl.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Richard H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Goossens
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D032882:Comprehension; D005260:Female; D063005:Health Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009369:Neoplasms; D012984:Software
keywords: Contouring; Interaction design; Interaction patterns; Radiotherapy; Sensemaking