title: Symmetry, Dynamics, and Defects in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites.
abstract: In order to better understand the structure and dynamics of methylammonium lead halide perovskites, we performed NMR, NQR, and DFT studies of CH3NH3PbI3in the tetragonal and cubic phase. Our results indicate that the space group of the tetragonal phase is the nonpolar I4/mcm. The highly dynamic methylammonium moiety shows no indication of the occurrence of additional orientations of the C-N bond close to the c-axis at temperatures approaching the cubic phase. Crystal quality effects are shown to influence the14N NMR and127I NQR spectra, and the effects of high-temperature annealing on defects can be observed. A strong increase in T2relaxation time of the207Pb NMR signal on cooling is found, and is an indication of slow motions in the PbI6octahedra at room temperature. These results aid in the understanding of the structure of methylammonium lead halides and enable further studies of defects in these materials.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wouter M J
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.affiliation: Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sverre G D
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: van Es
authors.affiliation: Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rıza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dervişoğlu
authors.affiliation: Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gilles A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: de Wijs
authors.affiliation: Radboud University , Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno P M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5893-4488
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kentgens