title: Associations of Differentiation of Self and Adult Attachment in Individuals With Anxiety-Related Disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the levels and associations of differentiation of self based on Bowen's theory and adult attachment in a sample with anxiety-related disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fourteen adults with anxiety-related disorders and 117 age- and gender-matched controls were recruited. Levels of differentiation of self, adult attachment, and trait and state anxiety were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adults with anxiety-related disorders showed significantly lower global levels of differentiation of self after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Adults with anxiety-related disorders also displayed significantly higher levels of anxiety and avoidant attachment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These constructs may be appropriate targets for intervention research in the study of anxiety-related disorders.
authors.affiliation: Attending Psychiatrist at Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychiatry II, University of Ulm and BKH Günzburg, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Zi-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaroff
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Peilian
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.|Professor at School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, and a Professor at University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.|Professor at Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HFK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Attending Psychiatrist at Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Professor at Mood Disorders Center, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, and China Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China.|Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor at the Department of Psychology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.|Associate Professor at the Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000068476:Beijing; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009769:Object Attachment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bowen theory; adult attachment; anxiety disorder; differentiation of self