title: Genetic determination of the vascular reactions in humans in response to the diving reflex.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic mechanisms of the defense vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex in humans with polymorphisms in the genesADBR2, ACE, AGTR1, BDKRB2, andRENWe hypothesized that protective vascular reactions, in response to the diving reflex, are genetically determined and are distinguished in humans with gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin and kinin-bradykinin system. A total of 80 subjects (19 ± 1.4 yr) participated in the study. The intensity of the vascular response was estimated using photoplethysmogram. The I/D polymorphism (rs4340) ofACEwas analyzed by PCR.REN(G/A, rs2368564),AGTR1(A/C, rs5186),BDKRB2(T/C, rs1799722), andADBR2(A/G, rs1042713) polymorphisms were examined using the two-step multiplex PCR followed by carrying allele hybridization on the biochip. Subjects with theBDKRB2(C/C),ACE(D/D), andADBR2(G/G, G/A) genotypes exhibited the strongest peripheral vasoconstriction in response to diving. In subjects with a combination of theBDKRB2(C/C) plusACE(D/D) genotypes, we observed the lowest pulse wave amplitude and pulse transit time values and the highest arterial blood pressure during face immersion compared with the heterozygous individuals, suggesting that these subjects are more susceptible to diving hypoxia. This study observed that humans with gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin and kinin-bradykinin systems demonstrate various expressions of protective vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex. The obtained results might be used in estimation of resistance to hypoxia of any origin in human beings or in a medical practice.NEW & NOTEWORTHYOur study demonstrates that the vascular reactions in response to the diving reflex are genetically determined and depend on gene polymorphisms of the kinin-bradykinin and the renin-angiotensin systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia; baranovati@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tatiana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Baranova
authors.affiliation: Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.|ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitrii N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Berlov
authors.affiliation: Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Glotov
authors.affiliation: Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.affiliation: Department of General Physiology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Minigalin
authors.affiliation: Katz Drug Discovery Center and Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Alla V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Mitrofanova
authors.affiliation: Ildus I. Ahmetov Sport Technology Research Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, Kazan, Russia; and.
authors.forename: Ildus I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Ahmetov
authors.affiliation: Biobank of the Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Glotov
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology; D065508:Diving Reflex / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C544065:AGTR1 protein, human; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D001920:Bradykinin
keywords: diving reflex; gene polymorphism; kinin-bradykinin system; renin-angiotensin system; vasoconstriction