title: Preliminary classification of characteristic organic gunshot residue compounds.
abstract: For the first time, a classification system for organic gunshot residue (OGSR) compounds with respect to the confirmation of OGSR materials is presented. There are 136 compounds considered to be associated with OGSR that have been highlighted in the literature. Many of these compounds could be classified as being ubiquitous in the environment and thus their detection as characteristic components of OGSR could cause issues with the interpretation of chemical ballistic evidence. The proposed system aims to address this problem by classifying OGSR compounds based on their forensic relevance with respect to the confirmation of GSR materials. To increase the forensic relevance of such a system, the large number of OGSR compounds reported in the literature has been decreased to 20 OGSR compounds based on the organic chemical composition of over 200 propellant powders. Occupational and environmental materials also associated with OGSR compounds have been considered.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goudsmits
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Sharples
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. Electronic address: J.W.Birkett@ljmu.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Birkett
keywords: Ballistics; Characteristic compounds; Classification system; Forensic science; Gunshot residue; Organic gunshot residue