title: Metabolic regulation of gene expression through histone acylations.
abstract: Eight types of short-chain Lys acylations have recently been identified on histones: propionylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, succinylation, malonylation, glutarylation, crotonylation and β-hydroxybutyrylation. Emerging evidence suggests that these histone modifications affect gene expression and are structurally and functionally different from the widely studied histone Lys acetylation. In this Review, we discuss the regulation of non-acetyl histone acylation by enzymatic and metabolic mechanisms, the acylation 'reader' proteins that mediate the effects of different acylations and their physiological functions, which include signal-dependent gene activation, spermatogenesis, tissue injury and metabolic stress. We propose a model to explain our present understanding of how differential histone acylation is regulated by the metabolism of the different acyl-CoA forms, which in turn modulates the regulation of gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Sabari
authors.affiliation: Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: C David
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Allis
authors.affiliation: Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Yingming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000215:Acylation; D000818:Animals; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008239:Lysine / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013312:Stress, Physiological
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D006657:Histones; D000105:Acetyl Coenzyme A; D008239:Lysine