title: Correlates of sex trading among male non-injecting drug users in Myanmar: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Sex trading is a recognized risk factor for human immune deficiency virus infection and other sexually transmitted infections among non-injecting drug users (NIDUs). However, very little research has addressed the factors associated with sex trading among male NIDUs in Myanmar.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2010 using the respondent-driven sampling method. In total, 210 NIDUs aged between 18 and 49 years, with no history of injecting drug use, and who used non-injected illicit drugs in the last 6 months were recruited. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information on participants' sexual and drug use behaviors. Binary and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to analyze the resulting data.
  
  
  
  Of 210 NIDUs, 84 (40%) reported involvement in the sex trade during the last 3 months. In the adjusted model, factors associated with sex trade involvement included homosexual preference (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-14.95), having more than two partners (AOR = 3.88; 95% CI 1.55-9.72), had a regular job (AOR = 5.10; 95% CI 1.65-15.72), use of stimulant drugs rather than opiate (AOR = 2.38; 95% CI 1.10-5.15), and who used drugs more than twice per day.
  
  
  
  More than one third of NIDUs were involved in sex trading. This study suggested that further comprehensive intervention programs that aim to reduce risk factors of trading sex among NIDUs may consider including NIDUs who used stimulant drugs, had regular/full-time jobs, used drugs more than twice per day, and had homosexual preferences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Healthcare Administration, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. sawyumon@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.|Nagoya University Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya, Japan. sawyumon@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yu Mon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: Myanma Perfect Research, Yangon, Myanmar.|Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Thu Nandar
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Ecology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyi Mar
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Krishna C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Poudel
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar.
authors.forename: Hla Hla
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Win
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012747:Sexual Partners; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Drug users; Exchange sex; Myanmar; Sex trading