title: Effects of dietary vitamin E deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E deficiency on systematic pathological changes and oxidative stress in fish. A total of 320 healthy common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were randomized into four groups; the control group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 IUkg-1 of vitamin E, while the three experimental groups were fed the same basal diet with reduced vitamin E content (0, 25, or 50 IUkg-1). Findings showed that fish in the experimental groups mainly presented with sekoke disease, exophthalmia, leprnorthsis, and ascites. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes comprised nutritional myopathy with muscle fiber denaturation and necrosis, and multi-tissue organ swelling, degeneration, and necrosis. Compared with the control group, RBC count, hemoglobin content, vitamin E concentration, and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly lower in all three experimental groups. However, malondialdehyde content was considerably higher in experimental groups than in the control group. However, there was no difference in glutathione peroxidase activity among groups. In conclusion, dietary vitamin E deficiency (<100 IUkg-1) can cause severe injury and, in particular, oxidative damage in common carp. The oxidative damage might be a main influence caused by vitamin E deficiency in fish. These findings reveal the complete systematic pathological effect of vitamin E deficiency in common carp, which may be applicable to other fish and animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Kaiyu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Erlong
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Defang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002347:Carps / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009752:Nutritional Status; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013997:Time Factors; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Pathology Section; deficiency; fish; histopathology; ultrastructural pathology; vitamin E