title: Distinct Contributions of Dorsal and Ventral Streams to Imitation of Tool-Use and Communicative Gestures.
abstract: Imitation of tool-use gestures (transitive; e.g., hammering) and communicative emblems (intransitive; e.g., waving goodbye) is frequently impaired after left-hemispheric lesions. We aimed 1) to identify lesions related to deficient transitive or intransitive gestures, 2) to delineate regions associated with distinct error types (e.g., hand configuration, kinematics), and 3) to compare imitation to previous data on pantomimed and actual tool use. Of note, 156 patients (64.3 ± 14.6 years; 56 female) with first-ever left-hemispheric ischemic stroke were prospectively examined 4.8 ± 2.0 days after symptom onset. Lesions were delineated on magnetic resonance imaging scans for voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. First, while inferior-parietal lesions affected both gesture types, specific associations emerged between intransitive gesture deficits and anterior temporal damage and between transitive gesture deficits and premotor and occipito-parietal lesions. Second, impaired hand configurations were related to anterior intraparietal damage, hand/wrist-orientation errors to premotor lesions, and kinematic errors to inferior-parietal/occipito-temporal lesions. Third, premotor lesions impacted more on transitive imitation compared with actual tool use, pantomimed and actual tool use were more susceptible to lesioned insular cortex and subjacent white matter. In summary, transitive and intransitive gestures differentially rely on ventro-dorsal and ventral streams due to higher demands on temporo-spatial processing (transitive) or stronger reliance on semantic information (intransitive), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dressing
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitschke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dorothee
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kümmerer
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bormann
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beume
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Charlotte S M
authors.initials: CSM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Vera M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mader
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Willmes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rijntjes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Kaller
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg,  Freiburg, Germany.|Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg Brain Imaging Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.|Brain Links-Brain Tools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D005868:Gestures; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: apraxia; dual-loop-model; imitation; meaningful gestures; voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping