title: Novel Methods to Generate Active Ingredients-Enriched Ashwagandha Leaves and Extracts.
abstract: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an Ayurvedic herb commonly used in world-renowned traditional Indian home medicine system. Roots of Ashwagandha have been traditionally known to possess a variety of therapeutic and health promoting potentials that have not been sufficiently supported by laboratory studies. Nevertheless, most, if not all, of the preventive and therapeutic potentials have been assigned to its bioactive components, steroidal alkaloids and lactones. In contrast to the traditional use of roots, we have been exploring bioactivities in leaves of Ashwagandha. Here, we report that the leaves possess higher content of active Withanolides, Withaferin-A (Wi-A) and Withanone (Wi-N), as compared to the roots. We also established, for the first time, hydroponic cultivation of Ashwagandha and investigated the effect of various cultivation conditions on the content of Wi-A and Wi-N by chemical analysis and bioassays. We report that the Withanone/Withaferin A-rich leaves could be obtained by manipulating light condition during hydroponic cultivation. Furthermore, we recruited cyclodextrins to prepare extracts with desired ratio of Wi-N and Wi-A. Hydroponically grown Ashwagandha and its extracts with high ratio of withanolides are valuable for cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunil C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.affiliation: CycloChem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: DAI-DAN Co., Ltd., 390 Kitanagai, Miyoshi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Nakakugakuencho, Sakai-city, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iitsuka
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.|School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Sukant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Mijung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: DAI-DAN Co., Ltd., 390 Kitanagai, Miyoshi-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: Zuiron Private Ltd., 2-3-1 Nakajyosanjimacho, Tokushima-city, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Youji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: CycloChem Co., Ltd., 7-4-5 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Laboratory, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.|School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Renu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wadhwa
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018527:Hydroponics / Q000379:methods*; D008027:Light; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D032341:Withania / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000528:radiation effects; D054358:Withanolides / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D054358:Withanolides; D000431:Ethanol; C560597:withanone; C009684:withaferin A; C030693:Ashwagandha