title: Role of pre-operative multimedia video information in allaying anxiety related to spinal anaesthesia: A randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A high incidence of anxiety has been reported in patients in the operation theatre set up. We developed a short visual clip of 206 s duration depicting the procedure of spinal anaesthesia (SAB) and aimed to compare the effect of this video on perioperative anxiety in patients undergoing procedures under SAB.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomised study of 200 patients undergoing surgery under SAB was conducted. Patients were allotted to either the nonvideo group (Group NV - those who were not shown the video) or the video group (Group V - those who were shown the video). Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory during the pre-anaesthetic check-up and before surgery. Haemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also noted. Student'st-test was used for normally distributed and Mann-Whitney U-test for nonnormally distributed quantitative data. Chi-square test was used for categorical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were comparable with respect to baseline anxiety scores and haemodynamic parameters. The nonvideo group showed a significant increase in state anxiety scores before administration of SAB (P< 0.001). Patients in the video group had significantly lower HR and MAP preoperatively (P< 0.001). The prevalence of 'high anxiety' for SAB was 81% in our study which decreased to 66% in the video group before surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multimedia information in the form of a short audiovisual clip is an effective and feasible method to reduce perioperative anxiety related to SAB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Raylene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Lipika
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baliarsing
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Neeraj Kumar
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Barnwal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mogal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Topiwala National Medical College and BYL Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Pinakin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gujjar
keywords: Anxiety; Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; multimedia information; regional anaesthesia