title: Higher post-acute myocardial infarction plasma haptoglobin level is associated with poor long-term overall survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) plasma haptoglobin (Hp) levels with long-term overall survival in AMI patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who were diagnosed of AMI were recruited and their Hp phenotypes and plasma levels were determined. According to previously reported cutoff point for Hp level (288.4ng/ml), patients were classified as higher Hp group (>288.4ng/ml) and lower Hp group (≤288.4ng/ml). The primary outcome was overall survival. This study recruited and followed a total of 117 patients for a median of 11.0 (3.2-17.6) years. Higher Hp group had 46 patients (39.3%) and lower Hp group had 71 patients (60.7%). Twelve patients had Hp 1-1 (10.3%), 50 with Hp 2-1 (42.7%), and 55 with Hp 2-2 (47.0%). The lower Hp group had significantly better overall survival (174.1 [51.6-212.5] vs. 106.5 [22.2-209.1], P=0.037). There was no significant difference in overall survival between the three phenotype groups (P=0.477). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that increased age (adjusted HR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10, P<0.001) and higher Hp level (adjusted HR=1.65, 95%=1.02-2.67, P=0.040) were significantly associated with poor overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher post-AMI plasma Hp level was independently associated with poor overall survival in AMI patients. No significant difference in overall survival was noted between three Hp phenotype groups. Acute phase Hp level might reflect the severity of oxidative stress during inflammation process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuang-Hsing
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Ta
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Service Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Bang
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hsun
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Service Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: tmcheng@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tsai-Mu
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: jppan@vghtpe.gov.tw.
authors.forename: Ju-Pin
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006242:Haptoglobins
keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Haptoglobin; Survival