title: Whole-genome characterization of a Peruvian alpaca rotavirus isolate expressing a novel VP4 genotype.
abstract: The SA44 isolate of Rotavirus A (RVA) was identified from a neonatal Peruvian alpaca presenting with diarrhea, and the full-length genome sequence of the isolate (designated RVA/Alpaca-tc/PER/SA44/2014/G3P[40]) was determined. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolate possessed the genotype constellation G3-P[40]-I8-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, which differs considerably from those of RVA strains isolated from other species of the order Artiodactyla. Overall, the genetic constellation of the SA44 strain was quite similar to those of RVA strains isolated from a bat in Asia (MSLH14 and MYAS33). Nonetheless, phylogenetic analyses of each genome segment identified a distinct combination of genes. Several sequences were closely related to corresponding gene sequences in RVA strains from other species, including human (VP1, VP2, NSP1, and NSP2), simian (VP3 and NSP5), bat (VP6 and NSP4), and equine (NSP3). The VP7 gene sequence was closely related to RVA strains from a Peruvian alpaca (K'ayra/3368-10; 99.0% nucleotide and 99.7% amino acid identity) and from humans (RCH272; 95% nucleotide and 99.0% amino acid identity). The nucleotide sequence of the VP4 gene was distantly related to other VP4 sequences and was designated as the reference strain for the new P[40] genotype. This unique genetic makeup suggests that the SA44 strain emerged from multiple reassortment events between bat-, equine-, and human-like RVA strains.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Luiz S
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helver G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, (FMV/UNMSM), Lima, Apartado 03-5137, Peru.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manchego
authors.affiliation: Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura (IVITA), Cuzco, Peru.
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pezo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil. Electronic address: nsantos@micro.ufrj.br.
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000821:virology*; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D010568:Peru; D010802:Phylogeny; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus
keywords: Alpaca; Camelid; Genotyping; Rotavirus