title: Comparison Effect of Intravenous Ketamine with Pethidine for Analgesia and Sedation during Bone Marrow Procedures in Oncologic Children: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Crossover Trial.
abstract: Background:Children suffering from cancer always require pain relief and reduce anxiety when undergoing painful procedures. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of pethedine and ketamine administration in cancer-diagnosed children undergoing bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedures.Subjects and Methods:A randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial was carried out on 57 children undergoing painful procedures (bone marrow aspiration/biopsy). Patients were randomly assigned in a double-blinded fashion to receive either intravenous pethedine (1 mg/kg/dose) or ketamine (1 mg/kg/dose), respectively. The effectiveness of the drug was measured utilizing three parameters; perception of procedural pain with Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale and Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), hemodynamic changes and respiration and the frequency of vomiting nausea score.Results:Additionally, hemodynamic stability and pain control were significantly better in the patients receiving ketamine (p<0.05, at 0, 15, 30 min). Nausea and vomiting were more frequent in Group K than in Group M but there were no significant differences. No serious complications were observed.Conclusion:This study showed that intravenous ketamine generated a superior clinical effect in decreased pain. Ketamine may also be recommended as a reasonable option before oncology procedures in children suffering from cancer.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Abdolkarimi
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Soheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zareifar
authors.affiliation: Fellowship in Intensive Care, Anesthesiologist, Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Fellowship in Intensive Care, Anesthesiologist, Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golestani Eraghi
authors.affiliation: Fellowship of Hematology-Oncology Department of Pediatrics, Amir Oncology Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Fazl
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saleh
keywords: Analgesia; Cancer; Pain; Pediatric