title: Associations between urinary biomarkers of oxidative stress and air pollutants observed in a randomized crossover exposure to steel mill emissions.
abstract: The effects of industrial air pollution on human health have not been as thoroughly investigated as those of urban air pollution which originates mostly from automotive transport. To better assess the health impacts of point sources of industrial air pollution, a randomized crossover exposure study was conducted. Sixty one young and healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to spend five consecutive eight-hour days near a steel mill or at a location five kilometres away. After a nine or sixteen-day washout period, volunteers spent another five consecutive days at the second site. Meteorological conditions and air pollutants were monitored at both exposure sites. On each exposure day, the first morning urine was collected along with a second urine sample obtained immediately before leaving the exposure site at the end of the day. Urinary levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage), malondialdehyde (MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation), 8-isoprostane (8-IsoP, a bioactive metabolite resulting from the peroxidation of arachidonic acid) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF, involved in response to oxidative stress) were measured. According to mixed-effects linear regression models, intra-individual variations in 8-OHdG urinary levels were significantly associated with exposure site, but surprisingly, lower levels were observed at the steel mill site. Delayed, temporally-defined associations with specific air pollutants were observed for 8-OHdG, 8-IsoP and VEGF. However, these associations were subtle, presented complex patterns and their biological consequences remain unclear.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: guillaume.pelletier@canada.ca.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigden
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Lisa Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kauri
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shutt
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mamun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmud
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sabit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Premkumari
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumarathasan
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Errol M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: The NORDIK Institute, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gayle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Broad
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dales
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000652:urine*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D013232:Steel; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000652:urine*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D052638:Particulate Matter; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D013232:Steel; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010126:Ozone; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D015237:Dinoprost; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: Air pollution; Human exposure; Oxidative stress; Steel industry; Urinary biomarkers