title: Effect of Cranberry Extract on the Frequency of Bacteriuria in Dogs with Acute Thoracolumbar Disk Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dogs with spinal cord injury are at increased risk of developing bacteriuria due to increased residual urine volume. Cranberry extract inhibits binding of E. coli to uroepithelial cells, potentially reducing risk of bacteriuria.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Cranberry extract reduces risk of bacteriuria in dogs after acute TL-IVDH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Client-owned dogs with acute onset TL-IVDH causing nonambulatory status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, prospective clinical trial. Dogs with acute TL-IVDH were recruited 48 hours postoperatively and randomized to receive cranberry extract or placebo in a masked fashion. Urine cultures and neurological examinations were performed 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. The number of dogs with bacteriuria (all bacterial species) and bacteriuria (E. coli) were primary and secondary outcome measures and were evaluated using chi-squared test. Urine antiadhesion activity (AAA) was measured in a subset (N = 47) and examined in a secondary analysis evaluating additional risk factors for bacteriuria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacteriuria was detected 17 times in 94 dogs (6 placebo, 11 cranberry, P = .12). There were 7 E. coli. positive cultures (1 placebo, 6 cranberry, P = .09). Dogs in both groups had positive urine AAA (14/21: placebo, 16/26: cranberry), and dogs with urine AAA had significantly fewer E. coli positive cultures (n = 1) than dogs without it (n = 4) (P = .047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This clinical trial did not show a benefit of oral cranberry extract but had low power. Cranberry extract supplementation did not impact urine AAA, but a possible association between urine AAA and lower risk of E. coli bacteriuria was identified. Other doses could be investigated.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.|Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Olby
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.|Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Vaden
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.|Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.|Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Muñana
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Early
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Platt
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boozer
authors.affiliation: Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giovanella
authors.affiliation: Gulf Coast Veterinary Specialists, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longshore
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: 
  Escherichia coli
  ; Incontinence; Proanthocyanidins; Spinal cord injury