title: Genotoxicity evaluation of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang, an herbal formula.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang (Huanglianjiedu-tang, Orengedoku-to), a traditional herbal formula, is used for the treatment of inflammatory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang water extract (HLHDT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A genotoxicity test was conducted using a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test), an in vitro chromosome aberration test using Chinese hamster lung cells, and an in vivo micronucleus test using ICR mouse bone marrow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Ames test, which used different Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, HLHDT did not increase the number of revertant colonies of S. typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA1535 as well as E. coli strains with or without S9 mix. However, the number of revertant colonies with the S. typhimurium TA1537 strain and S9 mix increased in a dose-dependent manner. The chromosome aberration test showed that HLHDT did not increase the number of structural or numerical chromosome aberrations in a short-period test (6h) with S9 mix. By contrast, HLHDT significantly increased the number of structural chromosome aberrations in a short-period (6h) or continuous (22h) test without S9 mix. In the micronucleus test, no significant increase was observed in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, and no significant decrease was observed in polychromatic to total erythrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that HLHDT might be genotoxic, based on both the Ames and chromosome aberration tests. Therefore, further in vivo studies will be needed to define the mechanism of this genotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: noellajin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seong Eun
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: cozy11@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Mee-Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: csseo0914@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Chang-Seob
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hkha@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyekyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Division of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: K-herb Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hkshin@kiom.re.kr.
authors.forename: Hyeun-Kyoo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000633:toxicity*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D055670:Medicine, Korean Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D028321:Plant Preparations; C061676:oren gedoku to
keywords: Ames test; Chromosome aberration test; Genotoxicity; Hwanglyeonhaedok-tang; Micronucleus test