title: Acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on blood pressure and heart rate responses to intraduodenal glucose infusion in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on blood pressure and heart rate during an intraduodenal glucose infusion in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Nine subjects with type 2 diabetes were randomised to receive intravenous exenatide or saline control in a crossover design. Glucose (3 kcal min-1) was infused via an intraduodenal manometry catheter for 60 min. Blood pressure, heart rate, and the frequency and amplitude of duodenal pressure waves were measured at regular intervals. Gastrointestinal symptoms were monitored using 100 mm visual analogue scales.
  
  
  
  During intraduodenal glucose infusion (0-60 min), diastolic (p(0-60)= 0.03) and mean arterial (p(0-60)= 0.03) blood pressures and heart rate (p(0-60)= 0.06; p(0-120)= 0.03)) were higher with exenatide compared to placebo. The increase in the area under the curve for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure was related directly to the suppression of the duodenal motility index with exenatide compared to control (p = 0.007 and 0.04, respectively).
  
  
  
  In type 2 diabetes, intravenous exenatide increases mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate during an intraduodenal glucose infusion, supporting the need for further research with exenatide for its potential use in postprandial hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Sony S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Thazhath
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Chinmay S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Marathe
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Tongzhi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Department of Endocrinology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Checklin
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bound
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rigda
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia chris.rayner@adelaide.edu.au.|Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077270:Exenatide; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013021:South Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000593833:GLP1R protein, human; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide; D005947:Glucose; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
keywords: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; exenatide; postprandial hypotension; ‘gut–heart axis’