title: Facile Assembly of Large-Area 2D Microgel Colloidal Crystals Using Charge-Reversible Substrates.
abstract: 2D colloidal crystals (CCs) have important applications; however, the fabrication of large-area, high-quality 2D CCs is still far from being trivial, and the fabrication of 2D microgel CCs is even harder. Here, we have demonstrated that they can be facilely fabricated using charge-reversible substrates. The charge-reversible substrates were prepared by modification with amino groups. The amino groups were then protected by amidation with 2,2-dimethylsuccinic anhydride. At acidic pH, the surface charge of the modified substrate will change from negative to positive as a result of the hydrolysis of the amide bonds and the regeneration of the amino groups. 2D microgel CCs can be simply fabricated by applying a concentrated microgel dispersion on the modified substrate. The negatively charged surface of the substrate allows the negatively charged microgel spheres, especially those close to the substrate, to self-assemble into 3D CCs. With the gradual hydrolysis of the amide bonds and the charge reversal of the substrate, the first 111 plane of the 3D assembly is fixed in situ on the substrate. The resulting 2D CC has a high degree of ordering because of the high quality of the parent 3D microgel CC. Because large-area 3D microgel CCs can be facilely fabricated, this method allows for the fabrication of 2D CCs of any size. Nonplanar substrates can also be used. In addition, the interparticle distance of the 2D array can be tuned by the concentration of the microgel dispersion. Besides rigid substrates (such as glass slides, quartz slides, and silicon wafers), flexible polymer films, including polyethylene terephthalate and poly(vinyl chloride) films, were also successfully used as substrates for the fabrication of 2D microgel CCs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal , C. P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: X X
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang