title: Burnout in Japanese residents and its associations with temperament and character.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High risk of burnout in healthcare workers has long been recognized. However, there are no methods to predict vulnerability to burnout.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined whether temperament and character are associated with burnout and depressive state in residents by using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). The TCI was used for residents at the beginning of clinical training and then the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administered at the beginning of clinical training and after four and ten months. Participants were 85 residents who started clinical training after graduating from the University of Miyazaki Hospital in April 2012 and 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ten months, 23.5% of participants were newly identified with burnout using the MBI-GS and 15.3% of participants were newly diagnosed with depressive state using the SDS. We found that residents with high Cooperativeness were significantly more prone to burnout and that residents with high Harm Avoidance and low Self-Directedness were significantly more prone to depressive states.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the TCI can predict not only the risk for future depressive state but also the risk for future burnout. We feel it is important for the resident education system to identify residents with these temperament and character traits and to help high-risk residents avoid burnout and depressive state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Center of Clinical Training after Graduation, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan. Electronic address: ryoei_miyoshi@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryoei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Health Care and Security Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Training after Graduation, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002605:Character; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Burnout; Character; Depressive state; Resident; Temperament; Temperament and Character Inventory