title: [Musculoskeletal-related chest pain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 10-50% of chest pains are caused by musculoskeletal disorders. The association is twice as frequent in primary care as in emergency admissions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article provides an overview of the most important musculoskeletal causes of chest pain and on the diagnostics and therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A selective search and analysis of the literature related to the topic of musculoskeletal causes of chest pain were carried out.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-inflammatory diseases, such as costochondritis and fibromyalgia are frequent causes of chest pain. Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are much less common but are more severe conditions and therefore have to be diagnosed and treated. The diagnostics and treatment often necessitate interdisciplinary approaches. Chest pain caused by musculoskeletal diseases always represents a diagnosis by exclusion of other severe diseases of the heart, lungs and stomach. Physiotherapeutic and physical treatment measures are particularly important, including manual therapy, transcutaneous electrical stimulation and stabilization exercises, especially for functional myofascial disorders.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Rehabilitationsmedizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland. witte.torsten@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009220:Myositis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents
keywords: Arthritis, rheumatoid; Costal chondritis; Fibromyalgia; Lupus erythematosus, systemic; Spondyloarthritis