title: Three-dimensional diastolic blood flow in the left ventricle.
abstract: Three-dimensional blood flow in a human left ventricle is studied via a computational analysis with magnetic resonance imaging of the cardiac motion. Formation, growth and decay of vortices during the myocardial dilation are analyzed with flow patterns on various diametric planes. They are dominated by momentum transfer during flow acceleration and deceleration through the mitral orifice. The posterior and anterior vortices form an asymmetric annular vortex at the mitral orifice, providing a smooth transition for the rapid inflow to the ventricle. The development of core vortex accommodates momentum for deceleration and for acceleration at end diastolic atrial contraction. The rate of energy dissipation and that of work done by viscous stresses are small; they are approximately balanced with each other. The kinetic energy flux and the rate of work done by pressure delivered to blood from ventricular dilation is well balanced by the total energy influx at the mitral orifice and the rate change of kinetic energy in the ventricle.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore; Faculty of Applied Science, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Seyed Saeid
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Khalafvand
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
authors.forename: Eddie Yin-Kwee
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore 8 College Road Singapore 169857 Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore 5 Hospital Drive 169609 Singapore.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA. Electronic address: tkhung@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Tin-Kan
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Blood flow; Left ventricle; Navier–Stokes equation; Vortices; Work energy equation