title: Male infertility following inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and pooled analysis.
abstract: The aim of this systematic review is to establish the clinical impact of open (mesh and/or without mesh) and laparoscopic hernia repair (transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAP) and/or totally extra-peritoneal (TEP)) on male fertility. The incidence of male infertility following various types of inguinal hernia repair is currently unknown. The lack of high-quality evidence has led to various speculations, suggestions and reliance on anecdotal experience in the clinical practice.
  
  
  
  An electronic search of the literature in Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library from 1966 to October 2015 according to PRISMA checklist was conducted. Quality assessment of articles was conducted using the Oxford Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) and their recommendation for practice was examined through National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This resulted in ten studies (n = 10), comprising 35,740 patients.
  
  
  
  Sperm motility could be affected following any type and/or technique of inguinal hernia repair but this is limited to the immediate postoperative period (≤48 h). Obstructive azoospermia was noted in 0.03% of open and 2.5% of bilateral laparoscopic (TAP) hernia repair with mesh. Male infertility was detected in 0.8% of the open hernia repair (mesh) with no correlation to the type of mesh (lightweight vs. heavyweight).
  
  
  
  Inguinal hernia repair without mesh has no impact on male fertility and obstructive azoospermia. However, the use of mesh in bilateral open and/or laparoscopic repair may require the inclusion of male infertility as the part of informed consent in individuals that have not completed their family or currently under investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, UK. Alikordzadeh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kordzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Mid Essex Hospital Services NHS Trust, Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, CM1 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
mesh_terms: D053713:Azoospermia / Q000209:etiology; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Azoospermia; Hernia; Hernia repair; Inguinal hernia; Male infertility; Systematic review