title: Imaging in osteoporosis in rheumatic diseases.
abstract: Osteoporosis is a common comorbidity of all major rheumatic diseases, and manifests itself both systemically and locally. Systemic bone loss manifests because of several factors, primarily inflammation, immobility, and commonly used medical treatment for rheumatic diseases. Local bone loss manifests as periarticular demineralization and bone erosion due to local release of inflammatory agents and cytokines, which promote bone resorption. All these factors contribute to the phenomenon of arthritis-associated osteoporosis. This review summarized the currently available and used methods that play a role in the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis and in the detection of osteoporotic fractures.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: peter.mandl@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mandl
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 18-20 Währinger Gürtel, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: franz.kainberger@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kainberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Zealand University Hospital, Lykkebaekvej 1, 4600 Koege, Denmark. Electronic address: mettehitz@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friberg Hitz
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D006801:Humans; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications*
keywords: Arthritis; Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; Osteoporosis; Quantitative computed tomography; Quantitative ultrasound; Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases