title: Decreased Serum Levels of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB-1) after Graft Replacement or Stenting of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) is a key substance mediating inflammation and development of atherosclerotic lesions (ALs), including abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Serum levels of HMGB-1 are increased in patients with AAA than those in normal controls because the ALs in AAAs secrete HMGB-1. We therefore postulate that the serum HMGB-1 level should decrease after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) or open aortic repair (OAR). However, there is no evidence of this in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in HMGB-1 levels after surgical intervention for AAA. We also aimed to determine if the HMGB-1 levels varied between the two procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum HMGB-1 levels were determined in 24 patients with AAA and 25 healthy controls. Twelve of the 24 AAA patients underwent EVAR, whereas the other half underwent OAR. The relationship between HMGB-1 levels and presence of AAA or influence of operative methods on the serum HMGB-1 level were prospectively investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum HMGB-1 levels in AAA patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (9.4 ± 5.7 vs. 4.1 ± 2.0 ng/mL, P < 0.01). The serum HMGB-1 levels in both the EVAR group and the OAR group were significantly decreased from baseline at both 3 mo and 1 y after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal or isolation of AL via surgical intervention significantly decreases serum HMGB-1 levels. The significant postoperative reduction in HMGB-1 levels suggests that important endocrinological changes occur after surgical treatment of AAA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ousaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan. Electronic address: yasuhiro-f@okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oozawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishibori
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroko
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Zenichi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama University School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation; D057510:Endovascular Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human