title: Evidence for direct effects of glyphosate on ovarian function: glyphosate influences steroidogenesis and proliferation of bovine granulosa but not theca cells in vitro.
abstract: Glyphosate (GLY) is a common herbicide used worldwide but its effect on ovarian function in mammals is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the potential endocrine disruptor effects of GLY on ovarian function evaluating cell proliferation, steroidogenesis and gene expression using bovine granulosa cells (GC) and theca cells as in vitro models. GC proliferation was impaired (P < 0.05) after exposure to GLY at 0.5, 1.7 and 5 μg ml-1. GC progesterone production was not affected (P ≥ 0.05) at all doses tested while estradiol production was inhibited (P < 0.05) by GLY at 5 μg ml-1. At the same concentration GLY showed no effect (P ≥ 0.05) on theca cell proliferation and steroidogenesis. At higher concentrations (0.01 and 0.3 mg ml-1), GLY had no significant effect (P ≥ 0.05) on GC proliferation and steroidogenesis. These studies, for the first time, suggest that GLY may affect the reproductive system in cattle via direct action on ovarian function; however, further studies will be required to understand better the mechanism of action and to determine the in vivo reproductive effects of GLY. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Maria Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Perego
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schutz
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET) Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cortinovis
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET) Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albonico
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Leon J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Spicer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000633:toxicity*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013799:Theca Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004958:Estradiol; D005998:Glycine; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D011374:Progesterone; D000097797:Glyphosate
keywords: Bovine; Cell proliferation; Glyphosate; Granulosa cell; Steroidogenesis; Theca cell