title: Enhancing memory self-efficacy during menopause through a group memory strategies program.
abstract: Anxiety about memory during menopause can affect quality of life. We aimed to improve memory self-efficacy during menopause using a group memory strategies program.
  
  
  
  The program was run five times for a total of 32 peri- and postmenopausal women, age between 47 and 60 years, recruited from hospital menopause and gynecology clinics. The 4-week intervention consisted of weekly 2-hour sessions, and covered how memory works, memory changes related to ageing, health and lifestyle factors, and specific memory strategies. Memory contentment (CT), reported frequency of forgetting (FF), use of memory strategies, psychological distress, and attitude toward menopause were measured. A double-baseline design was applied, with outcomes measured on two baseline occasions (1-month prior [T1] and in the first session [T2]), immediately postintervention (T3), and 3-month postintervention (T4). To describe changes in each variable between time points paired sample t tests were conducted. Mixed-effects models comparing the means of random slopes from T2 to T3 with those from T1 to T2 were conducted for each variable to test for treatment effects.
  
  
  
  Examination of the naturalistic changes in outcome measures from T1 to T2 revealed no significant changes (all Ps > 0.05). CT, reported FF, and use of memory strategies improved significantly more from T2 to T3, than from T1 to T2 (all Ps < 0.05). Neither attitude toward menopause nor psychological distress improved significantly more postintervention than during the double-baseline (all Ps > 0.05). Improvements in reported CT and FF were maintained after 3 months.
  
  
  
  The use of group interventions to improve memory self-efficacy during menopause warrants continued evaluation.
authors.affiliation: 1Centre for Women's Mental Health, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia 2Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia 3School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia 4Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Unkenstein
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bryant
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D020377:Self Efficacy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome