title: Xanthohumol Prevents DNA Damage by Dietary Carcinogens: Results of a Human Intervention Trial.
abstract: Xanthohumol (XN) is a hop flavonoid contained in beers and soft drinks. In vitro and animal studies indicated that XN has DNA and cancer protective properties. To find out if it causes DNA protective effects in humans, an intervention trial was conducted in which the participants (n = 22) consumed a XN containing drink (12 mg XN/P/d). We monitored prevention of DNA damage induced by representatives of major groups of dietary carcinogens [i.e., nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and the heterocyclic aromatic amine 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ)]. Lymphocytes were collected before, during, and after the intervention and incubated with the carcinogens and with human liver homogenate (S9). We found substantial reduction of B(a)P and IQ (P < 0.001 for both substances) induced DNA damage after consumption of the beverage; also, with the nitrosamine a moderate, but significant protective effect was found. The results of a follow-up trial (n = 10) with XN pills showed that the effects are caused by the flavonoid and were confirmed in γH2AX experiments. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms we measured several parameters of glutathione related detoxification. We found clear induction of α-GST (by 42.8%, P < 0.05), but no alteration of π-GST. This observation provides a partial explanation for the DNA protective effects and indicates that the flavonoid also protects against other carcinogens that are detoxified by α-GST. Taken together, our findings support the assumption that XN has anticarcinogenic properties in humans. Cancer Prev Res; 10(2); 153-60. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Halh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Al-Serori
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department for Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waldherr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mišík
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kundi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Armen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nersesyan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Herbacek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. siegfried.knasmueller@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knasmueller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004249:DNA Damage; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011427:Propiophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005419:Flavonoids; D011427:Propiophenones; C104536:xanthohumol