title: Autonomy and Firefighting: Perceived Competence and Stress.
abstract: In workplace settings, autonomy is implicated in employee motivation as well as supervisor autonomy support. As a profession of risk, firefighters may experience greater levels of stress.
  
  
  
  A self-determination paradigm was applied to the firefighter workplace. Of particular interest were perceived competence (to perform job duties) and the experience of stress. Firefighters' levels of autonomous and controlled regulation were surveyed, along with their perceptions of the autonomy support of their immediate supervisor.
  
  
  
  Autonomous regulation was positively related to perceived competence, whereas controlled regulation was negatively related. Higher levels of controlled regulation were also connected with greater stress. In contrast, greater perceived autonomy support was associated with decreased stress.
  
  
  
  Both perceived competence and stress are related to firefighter motivation and autonomy support. Recommendations are offered to increase autonomy support by chief officers.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Asheville, Asheville, North Carolina (Dr Chiang, Mr Baley); Asheville City Fire Department, Asheville, NC (Ms Ponder); and Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia (Dr Padilla).
authors.forename: Evelyn S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baley
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponder
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Padilla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D061388:Firefighters / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D011361:Professional Competence; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult