title: Depressiveness, measured with Beck Depression Inventory, in patients with psoriasis.
abstract: The aim of this study was to identify demographic and clinical factors predisposing to depressiveness during the course of psoriasis.
  
  
  
  The study included 239 patients with psoriasis (15-76 years, 31.8% of women) and 123 healthy controls (17-74 years, 32.5% of women). Dependent variable in the analysis was Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score. Explanatory variables included: age, sex, marital status, education, occupational activity, body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, history of smoking, average number of smoked cigarettes, skin lesions visible to others, comorbidities, including arterial hypertension and arthritis, number of previous hospitalizations and family history of psoriasis.
  
  
  
  Psoriatics showed higher BDI scores than the controls, and significantly more often presented with depressiveness. Depressiveness correlated with psoriasis, older age, female sex, lack of higher education, occupational inactivity, higher BMI, visible skin lesions, comorbidities, including arterial hypertension and arthritis, greater number of previous hospitalizations and lack of family history of psoriasis. Multivariate analysis showed than independent predictors of any grade depressiveness were psoriasis (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.11-4.60, p=0.024), older age (OR=1.03, 95%CI: 1.01-1.05, p=0.005) and female sex (OR=2.73, 95%CI: 1.45-5.12, p=0.002).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional, non-prospective analysis. Selection bias.
  
  
  
  Patients with psoriasis, irrespective of its severity and related complications, are at increased risk of depressiveness. The risk of secondary depressiveness is particularly high in psoriatic women and older persons (or individuals diagnosed with psoriasis at younger age). Individuals from this group should be monitored for potential depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Anesthesiology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: aldonapietrzak@umlub.pl.
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krasowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makara-Studzińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Psychology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Madej
authors.affiliation: Institute of Fine Arts, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baranowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borzęcki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000150:complications*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Beck Depression Inventory; Depression; Risk factors; Skin lesions