title: Telotristat Ethyl, a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Carcinoid Syndrome.
abstract: Purpose Preliminary studies suggested that telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, reduces bowel movement (BM) frequency in patients with carcinoid syndrome. This placebo-controlled phase III study evaluated telotristat ethyl in this setting. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 135) experiencing four or more BMs per day despite stable-dose somatostatin analog therapy received (1:1:1) placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, or telotristat ethyl 500 mg three times per day orally during a 12-week double-blind treatment period. The primary end point was change from baseline in BM frequency. In an open-label extension, 115 patients subsequently received telotristat ethyl 500 mg. Results Estimated differences in BM frequency per day versus placebo averaged over 12 weeks were -0.81 for telotristat ethyl 250 mg ( P < .001) and ‒0.69 for telotristat ethyl 500 mg ( P < .001). At week 12, mean BM frequency reductions per day for placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, and telotristat ethyl 500 mg were -0.9, -1.7, and -2.1, respectively. Responses, predefined as a BM frequency reduction ≥ 30% from baseline for ≥ 50% of the double-blind treatment period, were observed in 20%, 44%, and 42% of patients given placebo, telotristat ethyl 250 mg, and telotristat ethyl 500 mg, respectively. Both telotristat ethyl dosages significantly reduced mean urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid versus placebo at week 12 ( P < .001). Mild nausea and asymptomatic increases in gamma-glutamyl transferase were observed in some patients receiving telotristat ethyl. Follow-up of patients during the open-label extension revealed no new safety signals and suggested sustained BM responses to treatment. Conclusion Among patients with carcinoid syndrome not adequately controlled by somatostatin analogs, treatment with telotristat ethyl was generally safe and well tolerated and resulted in significant reductions in BM frequency and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid.
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Matthew H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kulke
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hörsch
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Martyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Caplin
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lowell B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bergsland
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Öberg
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Welin
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Richard R P
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombard-Bohas
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kunz
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lapuerta
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Shanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zambrowicz
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Arthur T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.affiliation: Matthew H. Kulke, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston; Douglas Fleming, Ipsen Bioscience, Cambridge, MA; Dieter Hörsch, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka; Marianne Pavel, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; Martyn E. Caplin, Royal Free Hospital, London; Juan W. Valle, The University of Manchester-The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Lowell B. Anthony, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Emily Bergsland, University of California at San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco; Pamela L. Kunz, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Kjell Öberg and Staffan Welin, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Richard R.P. Warner, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Pablo Lapuerta, Phillip Banks, Shanna Jackson, Brian Zambrowicz, and Arthur T. Sands, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, The Woodlands, TX; and Enrique Grande, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003672:Defecation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008303:Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011743:Pyrimidines; C060347:lanreotide; D010649:Phenylalanine; D013004:Somatostatin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; C000621725:telotristat ethyl; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D015282:Octreotide