title: Changes in the prevalence of cigarette smoking and quitting smoking determinants in adult inhabitants of rural areas in Poland between 2003 and 2012.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigate trends in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults at all ages in two time points 9 years apart in two neighbouring rural populations and examine social and respiratory health determinants of quitting smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the same rural area of lower Silesia in Poland in 2003 and 2012. A total of 1328 (91% of adult eligible individuals) in 2003 and 1449 (92% of eligible) in 2012 adult inhabitants were surveyed, 908 people (560 villagers and 348 town inhabitants) participated in both surveys. Participants completed a questionnaire on smoking behaviour, education level and respiratory diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current smoking was higher in the villages than the town, among men than women and those with a middle level of education. The prevalence of current smokers decreased over time, although this decline was much more pronounced in the town than in the villages (30.2% vs 23% and 35.5% vs 33.7%, respectively). Men were more likely to stop smoking than women both in villages and in town. The prevalence of current smokers among village women even increased between the two surveys from 27.6% to 29.3%. Respiratory diseases did not influence quitting smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of decreasing trend in smoking prevalence varied considerably within neighbouring populations. It was mainly seen in the town and among younger people. Men and those better educated were more willing to quit smoking. The discrepancies between two close rural populations indicates the need for an individual approach when designing programs of tobacco control.
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw Medical University, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw, Poland. Electronic address: bsoz@go2.pl.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sozańska
authors.affiliation: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sociology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Błaszczyk
authors.affiliation: Wroclaw Medical University, 1st Department of Pediatrics, Allergology and Cardiology, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boznański
authors.affiliation: Imperial College (NHLI) and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cullinan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064890:Social Determinants of Health; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Respiratory diseases; Rural; Smoking prevalence