title: Influence of yeast and lactic acid bacterium on the constituent profile of soy sauce during fermentation.
abstract: Soy sauce is a Japanese traditional seasoning composed of various constituents that are produced by various microbes during a long-term fermentation process. Due to the complexity of the process, the investigation of the constituent profile during fermentation is difficult. Metabolomics, the comprehensive study of low molecular weight compounds in biological samples, is thought to be a promising strategy for deep understanding of the constituent contribution to food flavor characteristics. Therefore, metabolomics is suitable for the analysis of soy sauce fermentation. Unfortunately, only few and unrefined studies of soy sauce fermentation using metabolomics approach have been reported. Therefore, we investigated changes in low molecular weight hydrophilic and volatile compounds of soy sauce using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based non-targeted metabolic profiling. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis to evaluate influences of yeast and lactic acid bacterium on the constituent profile. Consequently, our results suggested a novel finding that lactic acid bacterium affected the production of several constituents such as cyclotene, furfural, furfuryl alcohol and methional in the soy sauce fermentation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Risa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuzuki
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research and Development Division, Kikkoman Corporation, 399 Noda, Noda, Chiba 278-0037, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Research Center for Transomics Medicine, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Electronic address: fukusaki@bio.eng.osaka-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukusaki
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D056569:Enterococcaceae / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005285:Fermentation; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D020068:Zygosaccharomyces / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D005663:Furans; C008390:methional; D019344:Lactic Acid; C028407:cyclotene; C012986:furfuryl alcohol; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: Constituent profile; Fermentation; Fermentation microbe; Metabolic profiling; Metabolomics; Soy sauce; Tetragenococcus halophilus; Zygosaccharomyces rouxii