title: Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Cognitive Impairment after Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Chinese Population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a risk factor for many vascular conditions, is associated with vascular cognitive disorders. The objective of the present study was to explore the associations of MetS and its individual components with the risks of cognitive impairment and neurological dysfunction in patients after acute stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study enrolled 840 patients ranging in age from 53 to 89 years from the Tianjin area of North China. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination. Neuropsychiatric behavior was assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. Emotional state was examined according to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and neuromotor function was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Barthel index, and the Activity of Daily Living test. After overnight fasting, blood samples were obtained to measure biochemistry indicators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MetS and its individual components were closely correlated with MoCA score. MetS patients had high levels of inflammation and a 3.542-fold increased odds ratio (OR) for cognitive impairment [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.972-6.361]. Of the individual MetS components, central obesity (OR 3.039; 95% CI: 1.839-5.023), high fasting plasma glucose (OR 1.915; 95% CI: 1.016-3.607), and type 2 diabetes (OR 2.241; 95% CI: 1.630-3.081) were associated with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment. Consistent and significant worsening in different neurological domains was observed with greater numbers of MetS components.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MetS was associated with worse cognitive function, neuromotor dysfunction, and neuropsychological symptoms among Chinese acute stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.|Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hui-Hong
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shuai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.|Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rong-Cai
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cerebral Vascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tianjin Neurosurgery Institute, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*