title: CD16+Monocyte Subset Was Enriched and Functionally Exacerbated in Driving T-Cell Activation and B-Cell Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The roles that CD16+monocyte subset plays in T-cell activation and B-cell response have not been well studied in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of CD16+monocyte subsets in SLE and explore their possible roles in T-cell activation and B-cell differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The frequencies of monocyte subsets in the peripheral blood of healthy controls (HCs) and patients with SLE were determined by flow cytometry. Monocyte subsets were sorted and cocultured with CD4+T cells and CD19+B cells. Then, T and B cells were collected for different subset detection, while the supernatants were collected for immunoglobulin G, IgA, and IgM or interferon-γ and interleukin-17A detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that CD16+monocytes exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype with elevated CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CX3CR1 expression on the cell surface. It's further demonstrated that CD16+monocytes from patients and HCs shared different cell-surface marker profiles. The CD16+subset was enriched in SLE and had an exacerbated capacity to promote CD4+T cell polarization into a Th17 phenotype. Also, CD16+monocytes had enhanced impacts on CD19+B cells to differentiate into plasma B cells and regulatory B cells with more Ig production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that CD16+monocytes, characterized by different cell-surface marker profiles, were enriched and played a critical role in driving the pathogenic T- and B-cell responses in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huaqun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Fanlei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Peking University International Hospital , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Lianjie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuzhou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
keywords: B cell response; CD16+ monocytes; T cell activation; expansion; systemic lupus erythematosus