title: Combination of visual and symbolic knowledge: A survey in anatomy.
abstract: In medicine, anatomy is considered as the most discussed field and results in a huge amount of knowledge, which is heterogeneous and covers aspects that are mostly independent in nature. Visual and symbolic modalities are mainly adopted for exemplifying knowledge about human anatomy and are crucial for the evolution of computational anatomy. In particular, a tight integration of visual and symbolic modalities is beneficial to support knowledge-driven methods for biomedical investigation. In this paper, we review previous work on the presentation and sharing of anatomical knowledge, and the development of advanced methods for computational anatomy, also focusing on the key research challenges for harmonizing symbolic knowledge and spatial 3D data.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: imonb@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Imon
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: patane@ge.imati.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patané
authors.affiliation: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche, Via De Marini, 6, 16149 Genova, Italy. Electronic address: spagnuolo@ge.imati.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spagnuolo
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education / Q000266:history; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020407:Internet; D008490:Medical Informatics; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D012984:Software
keywords: Computational anatomy; Computer aided diagnosis systems; IT applications in health care; Information systems; Knowledge in medicine; Medical informatics