title: Olfactory neuroblastoma: 14-year experience at an Australian tertiary centre and the role for longer-term surveillance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfactory neuroblastoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy, with poorly defined treatment protocols. Management at a tertiary centre was retrospectively evaluated to inform future treatment and follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases treated with curative intent (2000-2014) were included. Data were collected, and overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven cases were identified, with a median follow up of 87 months. One patient was Kadish stage A, one was stage B, eight were stage C and one was stage D. The latter patient underwent chemoradiotherapy alone. The remaining patients proceeded to: endoscopic-assisted wide local excision (n = 2), anterior craniofacial resection (n = 4) or endoscopic craniofacial resection (n = 4). No patients had primary nodal disease or elective neck treatment. One patient had neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Six patients had post-operative radiotherapy; three received adjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients had late cervical node failure, and proceeded to neck dissection and post-operative radiotherapy. Two patients had late local recurrence. Ten-year overall and disease-free survival rates were 68.2 and 46.7 per cent, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Longer-term follow up is supported given the incidence of late regional and local recurrence. Prophylactic treatment of cervical nodes in locally advanced disease is an area for further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Princess Alexandra Hospital,Brisbane,Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Princess Alexandra Hospital,Brisbane,Australia.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine,University of Queensland,Brisbane,Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porceddu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery,Princess Alexandra Hospital,Brisbane,Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Panizza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002173:Cancer Care Facilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma; Metastasis; Neoplasm; Olfactory Neuroblastoma; Relapse; Surveillance; Survival