title: Dietary Keratan Sulfate from Shark Cartilage Modulates Gut Microbiota and Increases the Abundance of Lactobacillus spp.
abstract: Keratan sulfate (KS) represents an important family of glycosaminoglycans that are critical in diverse physiological processes. Recently, accumulating evidence has provided a wealth of information on the bioactivity of KS, which established it as an attractive candidate for drug development. However, although KS has been widely explored, less attention has been given to its effect on gut microbiota. Therefore, given that gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in health homeostasis and disease pathogenesis, we investigated here in detail the effect of KS on gut microbiota by high-throughput sequencing. As revealed by heatmap and principal component analysis, the mice gut microbiota was readily altered at different taxonomic levels by intake of low (8 mg/kg) and high dosage (40 mg/kg) of KS. Interestingly, KS exerted a differing effect on male and female microbiota. Specifically, KS induced a much more drastic increase in the abundance ofLactobacillusspp. in female (sixteen-fold) versus male mice (two-fold). In addition, combined with alterations in gut microbiota, KS also significantly reduced body weight while maintaining normal gut homeostasis. Altogether, we first demonstrated a sex-dependent effect of KS on gut microbiota and highlighted that it may be used as a novel prebiotic for disease management.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. shangqingsen@163.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. shangqingsen@163.com.
authors.forename: Qingsen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. liqinying2010@163.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. liqinying2010@163.com.
authors.forename: Qinying
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. zhangmeifang96@163.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. zhangmeifang96@163.com.
authors.forename: Meifang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. songguanrui122@163.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. songguanrui122@163.com.
authors.forename: Guanrui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. jingjshi@126.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. jingjshi@126.com.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. haojiang833@163.com.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. haojiang833@163.com.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. caic@ouc.edu.cn.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. caic@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. 2009haojie@ouc.edu.cn.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. 2009haojie@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiejie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. liguoyun@ouc.edu.cn.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. liguoyun@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guoyun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. glyu@ouc.edu.cn.|Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. glyu@ouc.edu.cn.|Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China. glyu@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guangli
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002356:Cartilage / Q000737:chemistry*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects*; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012754:Sharks / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D014020:Tissue Extracts; C111481:shark cartilage extract; D007632:Keratan Sulfate
keywords: Lactobacillus spp.; gut microbiota; keratan sulfate; modulation; shark cartilage