title: Roles of Ras Homolog A in Invasive Ductal Breast Carcinoma.
abstract: Breast cancer has a poor prognosis owing to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Although Ras homolog (Rho) A is involved in tumor cell invasion, its role in breast carcinoma is unclear. Here, RhoA expression was examined in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), with a focus on its relationships with epidermal-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and collective cell invasion. Forty-four surgical IDC tissue samples and two normal breast tissue samples were obtained. RhoA, E-cadherin, vimentin, and F-actin protein expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.RhoA,ROCK,mTOR,AKT1, andPIK3CAmRNA expression were conducted using laser microdissection and semi-nested quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RhoA expression was stronger on the tumor interface of IDCs than the tumor center (P<0.001).RhoAexpression was correlated withROCKexpression only in HER2-subtype IDC (P<0.05). In IDCs co-expressingRhoAandROCK, F-actin expression was stronger on the tumor interface, particularly at the edges of tumor cells, than it was inROCK-negative IDCs (P<0.0001). In conclusion, RhoA expression was not correlated with EMT in IDC, but enhanced F-actin expression was localized on the edge of tumor cells that co-expressed ROCK. RhoA/ROCK signaling may be associated with collective cell invasion, particularly in HER2-subtype IDC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirotani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine , Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan; Research Institute of Medical Science, Nihon University School of Medicine, Ohyaguchi-kamimachi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Norimichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nemoto
keywords: EMT; F-actin; RhoA; invasion; invasive ductal carcinoma