title: Bladder agenesis, ectopic ureters and a multicystic dysplastic horseshoe kidney in one twin newborn with normal amniotic fluid index in utero.
abstract: A monochorionic-diamniotic twin baby presented with intrauterine growth restriction and anuria. The baby was found to have bladder agenesis, a pelvic dysplastic horseshoe kidney, vertebral anomalies, a ventricular septal defect and facial dysmorphisms. It was surprising to find no abnormalities in amniotic fluid indices prenatally, suggesting the possibility of urine output that declined as the pregnancy proceeded. Some degree of twin-to-twin transfusion of amniotic fluid was also possible, which could have rescued the oligohydramnios known to be associated with kidney and urinary tract abnormalities. It was also notable that there was no abnormality in respiratory function, especially since further investigations revealed close to no kidney function. The intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) along with the multiple anomalies found made the baby unsuitable for dialysis and transplant, and the decision of transition to palliative care was made.
authors.affiliation: Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Marium Naveed
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D000069337:Fused Kidney / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014515:Ureteral Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000151:congenital* / Q000175:diagnosis