title: Continuous Optical 3D Printing of Green Aliphatic Polyurethanes.
abstract: Photosensitive diurethanes were prepared from a green chemistry synthesis pathway based on methacrylate-functionalized six-membered cyclic carbonate and biogenic amines. A continuous optical 3D printing method for the diurethanes was developed to create user-defined gradient stiffness and smooth complex surface microstructures in seconds. The green chemistry-derived polyurethane (gPU) showed high optical transparency, and we demonstrate the ability to tune the material stiffness of the printed structure along a gradient by controlling the exposure time and selecting various amine compounds. High-resolution 3D biomimetic structures with smooth curves and complex contours were printed using our gPU. High cell viability (over 95%) was demonstrated during cytocompatibility testing using C3H 10T1/2 cells seeded directly on the printed structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University , Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sang-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.forename: Pengrui
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9185-2951
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Henry H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Shaochen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: 3D printing; biocompatibility; biomimicry structure; continuous optical printing; gradient stiffness fabrication; green polyurethane