title: Effects of rinsing with arginine bicarbonate and urea solutions on initial enamel lesions in situ.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rinsing with arginine or urea solution on initial enamel lesions in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen subjects who wore mandibular removable partial dentures embedded with bovine enamel blocks with artificial enamel lesions were included. The experiment included four 4-week rinsing periods with a 10-day washout period between each rinsing period. In each rinsing period, the subjects rinsed after meal or snack using water, or 2% arginine bicarbonate, or 1% urea, or 0.05% NaF solution, five times daily. The mineralization changes of the enamel lesions were assessed using quantitative light-induced fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups except the water group showed a statistically significant decrease in the fluorescence loss after treatment, compared with their respective baseline. Although both the arginine group and urea group showed more decrease in fluorescence loss than that of the water group, the decrease was not statistically significantly different from that of the water group. The decrease in fluorescence loss of the NaF group was statistically significant than that of the water group, arginine group, and urea group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rinsing with arginine or urea solution offers limited remineralizing benefit to enamel lesions over a period of 4-week time.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, Haidian District, China.
authors.forename: Y-H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001120:Arginine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002254:Carbonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014089:Tooth Remineralization; D014508:Urea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002254:Carbonates; D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014867:Water; D014508:Urea; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D001120:Arginine
keywords: arginine bicarbonate; enamel lesion; quantitative light-induced fluorescence; remineralization; urea