title: Orbital Morphometry: A Computed Tomography Analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human orbit is a complex anatomic region, which plays predominant role in the evaluation of craniofacial complex. A thorough understanding of the relationship of the distance from orbital rim to the important vital structures of the orbital apex is required for the surgeon to perform safe and effective surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare the depth and distances from various points of the orbital rim to the fissures and foramina of the orbital apex between genders in the local population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linear measurements were conducted on 60 orbits from 30 patients who had undergone head computed tomography scan. These measurements were done utilizing the multiplanar reconstruction modes on computed tomography images with minimum slice thickness of 1 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males have statistically significant larger orbits than females with higher mean measurements in all parameters, except for the distance from posterior ethmoidal foramen to the optic canal which was the same. However, there were no significant differences in all parameters between the right and left orbits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the absolute limit of safe internal orbital dissection in respect to the local population. Despite males having larger orbits than females, it is clinically negligible.
authors.affiliation: *Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit †Craniofacial Imaging Unit, School of Dental Sciences ‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Jaswinder
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Roselinda Ab
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Zainul Ahmad
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Rajion
authors.forename: Johari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult