title: Off-site Emergency Planning at UK Nuclear Licensed Sites.
abstract: Nuclear emergency planning arrangements in the UK are continually kept under review. This work proposes to outline how experience from nuclear exercises and undertaking emergency response duties can be based on radiological knowledge of specific sites and utilised in the future. In 2014, the UK regulator, the Office for Nuclear Regulation (ONR) revised their principles for the determination of off-site emergency planning areas around nuclear sites where predetermined countermeasures and other protection measures are applied to protect those people who may be affected by a radiation emergency. The revised principles also enhanced communication from the nuclear site operators and local authorities to the public. This updated ONR's application of the UK Radiation (Emergency Preparedness and Public Information) Regulations 2001 (REPPIR) http://www.hse.gov.uk/radiation/ionising/reppir.htm, which includes details of minimising potential doses to the public, as well as assessment and reassurance, linked to other concurrent risks such as flooding. ONR undertakes site-specific assessments of each operators' hazard identification and risk evaluation, which include consideration of whether the public might receive a significant radiation dose in the year following the emergency (excluding countermeasures in the first 24 hours). In defining the areas for off-site emergency planning, practical and strategic factors are then considered, which include other local non-nuclear emergency planning arrangements and experience, and whether local geographic and demographic aspects could aid public credibility and confidence.
authors.affiliation: CRA Risk Analysis, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7AH, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.affiliation: Office for Nuclear Regulation, EP&R Team, St James House, St James Square, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire GL50 3PR, UK.
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D002959:Civil Defense; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D018570:Risk Assessment; D006113:United Kingdom