title: Monitoring microcirculation.
abstract: The clinical relevance of microcirculation and its bedside observation started gaining importance in the 1990s since the introduction of hand-held video microscopes. From then, this technology has been continuously developed, and its clinical relevance has been established in more than 400 studies. In this paper, we review the different types of video microscopes, their application techniques, the microcirculation of different organ systems, the analysis methods, and the software and scoring systems. The main focus of this review will be on the state-of-art technique, CytoCam-incident dark-field imaging, and the most recent technological and technical updates concerning microcirculation monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: isikocak@icloud.com.
authors.forename: Işık
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ocak
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: atila.kara@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Atila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Health Sciences University, Haydarpasa Numune Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: c.ince@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ince
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008833:Microcirculation; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000639:trends; D012984:Software
keywords: CytoCam-IDF; SDF imaging; microcirculation; sublingual