title: Expression Levels of PIWI-interacting RNA, piR-823, Are Deregulated in Tumor Tissue, Blood Serum and Urine of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm of adult kidney accounting for about 3% of adult malignancies. P-Element induced wimpy testis (PIWI)-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a new class of naturally occurring, short non-coding RNAs involved in silencing of transposable elements and in sequence-specific chromatin modifications. There were preliminary data published indicating that piR-823 expression is deregulated in circulating tumor cells and tumor tissue in gastric and kidney cancer, respectively.
  
  
  
  In our study, we analyzed piR-823 levels in 588 biological specimens: tumor tissue (N=153), adjacent renal parenchyma (N=121), blood serum (N=178) and urine (N=20) of patients undergoing nephrectomy for RCC; and in blood serum (N=101) and urine (N=15) of matched healthy controls. Expression levels of piR-823 were determined in all biological specimens by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, compared in patients and controls, and correlated with clinicopathological features of RCC.
  
  
  
  We identified a significant down-regulation of piR-823 in tumor tissue [p<0.0001, area under the curve (AUC)=0.7945]. On the contrary in blood serum and urine, the expression of piR-823 was significantly higher in patients with RCC compared to healthy individuals (p=0.0005, AUC=0.6264 and p=0.0157, AUC=0.7433, respectively). We further observed higher levels of piR-823 in tumor tissue to be associated with shorter disease-free survival of patients (p=0.0186) and a trend for higher piR-823 levels in serum to be associated with advanced clinical stages of RCC (p=0.0691). There were no other significant associations of piR-823 levels in any type of biological specimen with clinicopathological features of RCC.
  
  
  
  piR-823 is down-regulated in tumor tissue, but positively correlated with worse outcome, indicating its complex role in RCC pathogenesis. In blood serum, piR-823 is up-regulated, but with unsatisfactory analytical performance. Preliminary data indicate the promising diagnostic utility of urinary piR-823 in patients with RCC.
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iliev
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic on.slaby@gmail.com fedorko.michal@fnbrno.cz.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedorko
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Machackova
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mlcochova
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svoboda
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pacik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dolezel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanik
authors.affiliation: Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic on.slaby@gmail.com fedorko.michal@fnbrno.cz.|Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ondrej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Slaby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering
keywords: PIWI-interacting RNA; blood serum; piR-823; renal cell carcinoma; tumor tissue; urine