title: Cytokine signatures in hereditary fever syndromes (HFS).
abstract: Hereditary fever syndromes (HFS) include a group of disorders characterized by recurrent self-limited episodes of fever accompanied by inflammatory manifestations occurring in the absence of infection or autoimmune reaction. Advances in the genetics of HFS have led to the identification of new gene families and pathways involved in the regulation of inflammation and innate immunity. The key role of several cytokine networks in the pathogenesis of HFS has been underlined by several groups, and supported by the rapid response of patients to targeted cytokine blocking therapies. This can be due to the direct effect of cytokine overproduction or to an absence of receptor antagonist resulting in dysbalance of downstream pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine networks. The aim of this study was to present an overview and to discuss the major concepts regarding the cellular and molecular immunology of HFS, with a particular focus on their specific cytokine signatures and physiopathological implications. Based on their molecular and cellular mechanisms, HFS have been classified into intrinsic and extrinsic IL-1β activation disorders or inflammasomopathies, and protein misfolding disorders. This review integrates all recent data in an updated classification of HFS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA4331, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France; Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, BP 90656 Jdeidet El Metn, Lebanon. Electronic address: jose.noel.ibrahim@univ-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: José Noel
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Commun de Biologie et Génétique Moléculaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France. Electronic address: isabelle.jeru@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jéru
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Inflammation, Tissus Epithéliaux et Cytokines (LITEC), EA4331, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers, France. Electronic address: jean-claude.lecron@univ-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lecron
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar, BP 90656 Jdeidet El Metn, Lebanon. Electronic address: myrnahachem@ul.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medlej-Hashim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D056587:Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010505:Familial Mediterranean Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D056660:Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D054078:Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides
keywords: Cytokines; Hereditary fever syndromes; PBMC; Serum; Transcript; ex vivo