title: Biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in child populations living near contaminated sites in Mexico.
abstract: The aim of this study was to conduct a POP biomonitoring programme for children in high-risk areas. We evaluated 247 serum samples from children between the ages of 6 and 12years old from two zones in Mexico: (1) indigenous zones, which included Cuatlamayan (CUA), Tocoy (TOC), and Santa Maria Picula (SAM); and (2) industrial zones, which included Tercera Chica (TC), Industrial San Luis (IND) and Rincon de San Jose (SJR); Mundo Nuevo (MN); and Alpuyeca (ALP). Our results showed that α-endosulfan was similar to CUA, TOC, SAM, TC and MN (178.6-306.9ng/g lipid). β-Endosulfan levels were higher in ALP (901.5ng/g lipid), followed by CUA (139.9ng/g lipid) and TOC, SAM, TC and MN, which had similar levels (55.4-64.5ng/g lipid). For endosulfan sulfate, the ALP community had the highest concentration levels (1096.4ng/g lipid), whereas CUA and TOC (212.3 and 289ng/g lipid, respectively) had concentrations similar to those found in SAM and TC (99.5 and 119.1ng/g lipid, respectively). DDE levels were found in malaria-endemic areas of SAM, CUA and TOC (1782.2, 1358.3 and 57.0ng/g lipid), followed by MN (35.1ng/g lipid). HCB concentration levels were found to be higher in MN and SJR (691.8 and 575.4ng/g lipid, respectively), followed by CUA and TC (363.9 and 269.1ng/g lipid, respectively), with levels similar to those found in TOC and SAM (191.8 and 181.9ng/g lipid, respectively). Finally, PCB 101 concentration levels were found to be the highest in ALP (1032.7ng/g lipid), followed by similar levels of SJR and IND (567.5 and 327.3ng/g lipid, respectively) and TC and MN, with 109.1 and 144.5ng/g lipid, respectively. The evidence provided by this exploratory study indicates that the evaluation of the health risks posed to children living in contaminated areas is a high priority health issue.
authors.affiliation: CONACYT Research Fellow, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Mexico. Electronic address: rfloresra@conacyt.mx.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Flores-Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA), San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Laboratorio de Salud Total, Mexico.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Medellín-Garibay
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Laboratorio de Salud Total, Mexico.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Brussel
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cubillas-Tejeda
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Laboratorio de Salud Total, Mexico.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carrizales-Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Laboratorio de Salud Total, Mexico.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Díaz-Barriga
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D064371:Hazardous Waste Sites; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; C009828:2,4,5,2',5'-pentachlorobiphenyl; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Biomonitoring; Children; Mexico; Persistent organic pollutants