title: Genomic diversity of bacteriophages infecting the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum.
abstract: Bacteriophages infecting the fish pathogen Flavobacterium psychrophilum can potentially be used to prevent and control outbreaks of this bacterium in salmonid aquaculture. However, the application of bacteriophages in disease control requires detailed knowledge on their genetic composition. To explore the diversity of F. pyschrophilum bacteriophages, we have analyzed the complete genome sequences of 17 phages isolated from two distant geographic areas (Denmark and Chile), including the previously characterized temperate bacteriophage 6H. Phage genome size ranged from 39 302 to 89 010 bp with a G+C content of 27%-32%. None of the bacteriophages isolated in Denmark contained genes associated with lysogeny, whereas the Chilean isolates were all putative temperate phages and similar to bacteriophage 6H. Comparative genome analysis showed that phages grouped in three different genetic clusters based on genetic composition and gene content, indicating a limited genetic diversity of F. psychrophilum-specific bacteriophages. However, amino acid sequence dissimilarity (25%) was found in putative structural proteins, which could be related to the host specificity determinants. This study represents the first analysis of genomic diversity and composition among bacteriophages infecting the fish pathogen F. psychrophilum and discusses the implications for the application of phages in disease control.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Marine Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark mmiddelboe@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Middelboe
mesh_terms: D001435:Bacteriophages / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001482:Base Composition; D002677:Chile; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003718:Denmark; D005417:Flavobacterium / Q000821:virology*; D023061:Gene Order; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016679:Genome, Viral; D008242:Lysogeny; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
keywords: comparative phage genomics; phage therapy