title: Nanoencapsulation, an efficient and promising approach to maximize wound healing efficacy of curcumin: A review of new trends and state-of-the-art.
abstract: Wound healing is a multifarious and vibrant process of replacing devitalized and damaged cellular structures, leading to restoration of the skin's barrier function, re-establishment of tissue integrity, and maintenance of the internal homeostasis. Curcumin (CUR) and its analogs have gained widespread recognition due to their remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing activities. However, their pharmaceutical significance is limited due to inherent hydrophobic nature, poor water solubility, low bioavailability, chemical instability, rapid metabolism and short half-life. Owing to their pharmaceutical limitations, newer strategies have been attempted in recent years aiming to mitigate problems related to the effective delivery of curcumanoids and to improve their wound healing potential. These advanced strategies include nanovesicles, polymeric micelles, conventional liposomes and hyalurosomes, nanocomposite hydrogels, electrospun nanofibers, nanohybrid scaffolds, nanoconjugates, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), nanoemulsion, nanodispersion, and polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). The superior wound healing activities achieved after nanoencapsulation of the CUR are attributed to its target-specific delivery, longer retention at the target site, avoiding premature degradation of the encapsulated cargo and the therapeutic superiority of the advanced delivery systems over the conventional delivery. We have critically reviewed the literature and summarize the convincing evidence which explore the pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic feasibility of the advanced delivery systems in improving wound healing activities of the CUR and its analogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia. Electronic address: zahidh85@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zahid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hnin Ei
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shiow-Fern
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzeb
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Drug Delivery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Haliza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D003474:Curcumin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D020100:Hydrogels; D008055:Lipids; D008081:Liposomes; D008823:Micelles; D011108:Polymers; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Advanced delivery systems; Curcumin; Efficacy upgradation; Improved tissue regeneration; Nanoencapsulation; Skin wound healing