title: Effects of liraglutide on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: We investigated the short-term effect of adding liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily to insulin treatment on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 1 diabetes. In total, 100 overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) adult patients (age ≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes and HbA1c ≥ 8% (64 mmol/mol) were randomized to liraglutide 1.8 mg or placebo added to insulin treatment in a 24-week double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. At baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment, 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness were evaluated. Compared with placebo, liraglutide increased 24-hour heart rate by 4.6 beats per minute (BPM); P = .0015, daytime heart rate by 3.7; P = .0240 and night-time heart rate by 7.5 BPM; P < .001 after 24 weeks. Diastolic nocturnal blood pressure increased by 4 mm Hg; P = .0362 in the liraglutide group compared with placebo. In conclusion, in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes, liraglutide as add-on to insulin increased heart rate and did not improve other cardiovascular risk factors after 24 weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.|Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Dejgaard
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.|Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark.|Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nanna B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, Nordsjaellands Hospital Hillerød, University of Copenhagen, Hillerød, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarnow
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetes Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Filip K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Knop
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050177:Overweight / Q000150:complications; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069450:Liraglutide; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: 
  GLP-1 analogue; cardiovascular disease; clinical trial; liraglutide; type 1 diabetes