title: Production of TNF-alpha ex vivo is predictive of an immune response to flu vaccination in a frail elderly population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between the response to influenza vaccination and the ability to produce proinflamatory cytokines in elderly subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood samples from 25 elderly subjects collected before influenza vaccination were stimulated with the influenza vaccine in order to evaluate the secretion of five specific cytokines: TNFα, IFNα, IFNγ, IL2 and IL10. The results were correlated with the increased HAI antibody titres two weeks after vaccination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 30% of elderly individuals seroconverted after vaccination. Although 50 to 70% of the cohort did not produce TNFα, IFNα, IFNγ, IL2 or IL10, all of the individuals who seroconverted were able to produce TNFα. Furthermore production of IFNγ, with or without production of IFNα/β, was not associated with a better response to the vaccine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Production of TNFα appears to be primordial for an efficient vaccine response, and may provide a predictive marker for the humoral response to vaccination. It may also provide the basis for evaluating agents designed to rescue TNFα-producing cells. This study emphasises a need to rescue TNF-producing cell function.
authors.affiliation: Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Pôle de Gérontologie de Broca et Université Paris Descartes, Paris.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Inserm institut Cochin, Paris.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charmeteau
authors.affiliation: Biomonitor SAS, 1 mail du Professeur Georges Mathé, Villejuif.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tovey
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, and service de Virologie, AP-HP,Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meritet
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Paris; France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Desaint
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, and service de Virologie, AP-HP,Hôpital Cochin, Paris, Inserm, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Paris, AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Paris; France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Launay
authors.affiliation: Université Paris Descartes, and service de Virologie, AP-HP,Hôpital Cochin, Paris.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: TNFα; cytokines; elderly subjects; interferon; vaccination