title: New numerical simulation method to calibrate the regular hexagonal NaI(Tl) detector with radioactive point sources situated non-axial.
abstract: Scintillation crystals are usually used for detection of energetic photons at room temperature in high energy and nuclear physics research, non-destructive analysis of materials testing, safeguards, nuclear treaty verification, geological exploration, and medical imaging. Therefore, new designs and construction of radioactive beam facilities are coming on-line with these science brunches. A good number of researchers are investigating the efficiency of the γ-ray detectors to improve the models and techniques used in order to deal with the most pressing problems in physics research today. In the present work, a new integrative and uncomplicated numerical simulation method (NSM) is used to compute the full-energy (photo) peak efficiency of a regular hexagonal prism NaI(Tl) gamma-ray detector using radioactive point sources situated non-axial within its front surface boundaries. This simulation method is based on the efficiency transfer method. Most of the mathematical formulas in this work are derived analytically and solved numerically. The main core of the NSM is the calculation of the effective solid angle for radioactive point sources, which are situated non-axially at different distances from the front surface of the detector. The attenuation of the γ-rays through the detector's material and any other materials in-between the source and the detector is taken into account. A remarkable agreement between the experimental and calculated by present formalism results has been observed.
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, The University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamzawy
authors.affiliation: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
authors.forename: Dimitar N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Grozdanov
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Badawi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geophysics of Azerbaijan, National Academy of Sciences, AZ1143 Baku, Azerbaijan.
authors.forename: Fuad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Aliyev
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Equipment Technology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abouzeid A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Thabet
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mahmoud I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Ruskov
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: El-Khatib
authors.affiliation: Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia.
authors.forename: Yuri N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Kopatch
authors.affiliation: Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gouda