title: The Berlin Brain-Computer Interface: Progress Beyond Communication and Control.
abstract: The combined effect of fundamental results about neurocognitive processes and advancements in decoding mental states from ongoing brain signals has brought forth a whole range of potential neurotechnological applications. In this article, we review our developments in this area and put them into perspective. These examples cover a wide range of maturity levels with respect to their applicability. While we assume we are still a long way away from integrating Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology in general interaction with computers, or from implementing neurotechnological measures in safety-critical workplaces, results have already now been obtained involving a BCI as research tool. In this article, we discuss the reasons why, in some of the prospective application domains, considerable effort is still required to make the systems ready to deal with the full complexity of the real world.
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Bernstein Focus: NeurotechnologyBerlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blankertz
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Acqualagna
authors.affiliation: Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dähne
authors.affiliation: Bernstein Focus: NeurotechnologyBerlin, Germany; Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haufe
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Bernstein Focus: NeurotechnologyBerlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultze-Kraft
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ušćumlic
authors.affiliation: Neurotechnology Group, Technische Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.affiliation: Bernstein Focus: NeurotechnologyBerlin, Germany; Neurophysics Group, Department of Neurology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - University Medicine BerlinBerlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Curio
authors.affiliation: Bernstein Focus: NeurotechnologyBerlin, Germany; Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea UniversitySeoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Klaus-Robert
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Müller
keywords: Brain-Computer Interfacing (BCI); cognitive neuroscience; covert user states; electroencephalography (EEG); implicit information; machine learning; mental workload; video quality