title: Individualised functional restoration plus guideline-based advice vs advice alone for non-reducible discogenic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of individualised functional restoration plus guideline-based advice compared to advice alone in people with non-reducible discogenic pain (NRDP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subgroup analysis within a multicentre, parallel group randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen primary care physiotherapy clinics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six participants with clinical features indicative of NRDP (6 week to 6 month duration of injury).
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 10 week period physiotherapists provided 10 sessions of individualised functional restoration plus guideline-based advice or two sessions of advice alone MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcomes were back and leg pain (separate numerical rating scales) and activity limitation (Oswestry Disability Index).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between-group differences favoured individualised functional restoration over advice for back pain (1.1, 95% CI 0.1 to 2.1), leg pain (1.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 2.6) and Oswestry (6.3, 95% CI 1.3 to 11.4) at 10 weeks as well as Oswestry at 26 weeks (6.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.8). Secondary outcomes and responder analyses also favoured physiotherapy functional restoration suggesting the differences were clinically important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In people with NRDP of ≥6 weeks and ≤6 months duration, individualised functional restoration was more effective than advice for all primary outcomes at 10 weeks and sustained at 26 weeks for activity limitation. Our results suggest that for people with NRDP not recovering after 6 weeks, an individualised physiotherapy functional restoration program should be considered. CONTRIBUTION OF PAPER: (1) A physiotherapist delivered functional restoration program individualised to pathoanatomical, psychosocial and neurophysiological barriers and incorporating guideline-based advice was more effective than advice alone in people with non-reducible discogenic low back pain of ≥6 weeks and ≤6 months duration. (2) This trial differs significantly from other studies on individualised physiotherapy, as it investigates a conservative management program that specifically targets the pathoanatomical subgroup non-reducible discogenic pain. ACTRN numbers: ACTRN12609000412235; ACTRN12609000834257.
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: alexanderchan54@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander Y P
authors.initials: AYP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: j.ford@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Jon J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: lukesurkitt@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Luke D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Surkitt
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: matt.c.richards@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: slslater@internode.on.net.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: M.Davidson@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Low Back Research Team, College of Science, Health & Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3085, Australia. Electronic address: A.Hahne@latrobe.edu.au.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hahne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012585:Sciatica / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method
keywords: Low back pain; Lumbar intervertebral disc; Physiotherapy; Randomised controlled trial