title: Bicuspid aortic valve outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bicuspid aortic valve is the most common CHD. Its association with early valvular dysfunction, endocarditis, thoracic aorta dilatation, and aortic dissection is well established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of cardiac events in adults with bicuspid aortic valve.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a retrospective analysis of cardiac outcomes in ambulatory adults with bicuspid aortic valve followed-up in a tertiary hospital centre. Outcomes were defined as follows: interventional - intervention on the aortic valve or thoracic aorta; medical - death, aortic dissection, aortic valve endocarditis, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, or ischaemic heart disease requiring hospital admission; and a composite end point of both. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to determine event rates, and predictors of cardiac events were determined by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 227 patients were followed-up over 13±9 years; 29% of patients developed severe aortic valve dysfunction and 12.3% reached ascending thoracic aorta dimensions above 45 mm. At least one cardiac outcome occurred in 38.8% of patients, with an incidence rate at 20 years of follow-up of 47±4%; 33% of patients were submitted to an aortic valve or thoracic aorta intervention. Survival 20 years after diagnosis was 94±2%. Independent predictors of the composite end point were baseline moderate-severe aortic valve dysfunction (hazard ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-7.54; p<0.01) and aortic valve leaflets calcification (hazard ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.91-11.64; p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study of bicuspid aortic valve, the long-term survival was excellent but with occurrence of frequent cardiovascular events. Baseline aortic valve calcification and dysfunction were the only independent predictors of events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Inês
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Agapito
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Lídia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Luísa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galrinho
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: João
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Timóteo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Sílvia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central,Hospital de Santa Marta,Lisbon,Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017545:Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000082882:Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords:  bicuspid;  congenital; Aorta; aortic valve; heart defects; survival