title: Positive clinical outcomes derived from usingStreptococcus salivariusK12 to prevent streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis in children: a pilot investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus salivariusK12 (BLIS K12®) is a probiotic strain producing the bacteriocins salivaricin A2 and salivaricin B, both of which strongly antagonize the growth ofStreptococcus pyogenes, the most important bacterial cause of pharyngeal infections in humans. It successfully colonizes and exhibits persistence in the oral cavity and is endowed with an excellent safety profile. Previous observations of a small group of children indicated that the use of BLIS K12 could also reduce the occurrence of viral pharyngitis. The present study focused on a further evaluation of the role of BLIS K12 in the control of pediatric streptococcal disease and moreover whether its use could also help provide protection against various nonstreptococcal infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 48 children with a recent history of recurrent pharyngeal streptococcal disease were enrolled in the treated group. The control group comprised 76 children known to have had a very low recent occurrence of oral streptococcal disease. The treated children were given BLIS K12 daily for 90 days. The number of episodes of streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, enteritis, and stomatitis was recorded during probiotic treatment and for a follow-up period of 9 months, and this was compared with the episodes of the control group over the corresponding period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the pretreatment time period, 2013, a 90% reduction of streptococcal pharyngeal disease was observed in 2014; compared with untreated children, a statistically significant reduction of all of the other disease conditions assessed, other than stomatitis, was detected in the probiotic-treated children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In agreement with previous findings, in the present study, it was found that the daily use of BLIS K12 has been associated with a concurrent and persisting reduction in the occurrence of pharyngeal, recurrent, streptococcal disease. Moreover, the benefits to children may also extend to a reduction of nonstreptococcal diseases, including tracheitis, viral pharyngitis, rhinitis, flu, laryngitis, acute otitis media, and enteritis.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Department, Velleja Research, Milan.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Pierro
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, University of Parma, Parma.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Institute.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanvit
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Uboldo Hospital, Cernusco S/N, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Amilcare S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rottoli
keywords: Streptococcus salivarius K12; enteritis; flu; laryngitis; otitis; pediatric infections; pharyngotonsillitis; rhinitis; stomatitis; tracheitis