title: Ambient Fine Particulate Matter, Outdoor Temperature, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome.
abstract: Ambient air pollution and temperature have been linked with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome and its components-abdominal obesity, elevated fasting blood glucose concentration, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia-predict cardiovascular disease, but the environmental causes are understudied. In this study, we prospectively examined the long-term associations of air pollution, defined as particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5), and temperature with the development of metabolic syndrome and its components. Using covariate-adjustment Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated associations of mean annual PM2.5concentration and temperature with risk of incident metabolic dysfunctions between 1993 and 2011 in 587 elderly (mean = 70 (standard deviation, 7) years of age) male participants in the Normative Aging Study. A 1-μg/m3increase in mean annual PM2.5concentration was associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.52), an elevated fasting blood glucose level (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.39), and hypertriglyceridemia (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.30). Our findings for metabolic syndrome and high fasting blood glucose remained significant for PM2.5levels below the Environmental Protection Agency's health-safety limit (12 μg/m3). A 1°C increase in mean annual temperature was associated with a higher risk of developing elevated fasting blood glucose (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.56). Men living in neighborhoods with worse air quality-with higher PM2.5levels and/or temperatures than average-showed increased risk of developing metabolic dysfunctions.
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wallwork
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colicino
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Itai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kloog
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Coull
authors.forename: Pantel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vokonas
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Baccarelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009511:New England / Q000453:epidemiology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013029:Space-Time Clustering; D013995:Time; D058014:Veterans Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: air pollution; blood glucose; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hypertension; metabolic syndrome; obesity; temperature; triglycerides