title: Acute toxicity of organic antifouling biocides to phytoplankton Nitzschia pungens and zooplankton Artemia larvae.
abstract: The toxicity of the antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, Sea-nine 211, Copper pyrithione, Zinc pyrithione, Ziram and Zineb were evaluated on Nitzschia pungens and Artemia larvae. Results showed that EC50for Irgarol 1051 was 0.586μgl-1was the strongest effect on N. pungens following by Copper pyrithione (4.908μgl-1), Ziram (5.421μgl-1), Zinc pyrithione (5.513μgl-1), Diuron (6.640μgl-1), Zineb (232.249μgl-1), Sea-nine 211(267.368μgl-1), Chlorothalonil (360.963μgl-1) and Dichlofluanid (377.010μgl-1) in 96h. In Artemia larvae, the biocides were evaluated the LC50for larval survivals at 48h. Sea-nine 211 and Copper pyrithione were 0.318 and 0.319mgl-1. Chlorothalonil, Zinc pyrithione and Ziram were 2.683, 3.147 and 4.778mgl-1. Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Zineb and Dichlofluanid were 9.734, 30.573, 41.170 and 154.944mgl-1. These results provide baseline data concerning the toxicity of antifouling biocides against marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sidharthan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea. Electronic address: hwshin@sch.ac.kr.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects*; D017377:Diatoms / Q000187:drug effects*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004237:Diuron / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000187:drug effects*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014227:Triazines / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D015048:Zooplankton / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D009570:Nitriles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C487833:copper pyrithione; C103341:irgarol 1051; C016370:dichlofluanid; D004237:Diuron; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile; C010423:pyrithione zinc; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: Artemia sp.; Nitzschia pungens; No-observed-effect-concentration; Plankton; TBT