title: Treatment for 6 months with fish oil-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids has neutral effects on glycemic control but improves dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the effects of fish oil-derived n-3 PUFA on glycemic control and lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 100 type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity were randomized into two groups including 4 g/day of fish oil (2.4 g n-3 PUFA) or placebo (corn oil) for 6 months. Serum fatty acid, body composition, as well as markers of glucose regulation and lipid parameters were measured before and after intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-five men and 64 women aged 65.4 ± 5.3 years completed the intervention. Although body composition was unchanged, serum EPA and DHA were higher in the fish oil group than those in the placebo group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Serum triglyceride (TG) decreased (P = 0.007), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased (P = 0.006) in the fish oil group compared with the placebo group after 6 months. Serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C, and glycemic control (measured by serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance) were not significantly different between the two groups after 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that 6 months of fish oil supplement had no statistically significant effects on glycemic control, but improved TG and HDL-C in type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal obesity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chictr.org ChiCTR-TRC-14005084.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Food Nutrition and Safety Society in Yixing, Yixing, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Guanlin Hospital in Yixing, Yixing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. gjsun@seu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Guiju
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D003314:Corn Oil; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D005395:Fish Oils; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Abdominal obesity; Fish oil; Glycemic control; Lipid levels; Type 2 diabetes; n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids