title: Epidemiology of Voice Disorders in Latvian School Teachers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of voice disorders in the teacher population in Latvia has not been studied so far and this is the first epidemiological study whose goal is to investigate the prevalence of voice disorders and their risk factors in this professional group.
  
  
  METHODS
  A wide cross-sectional study using stratified sampling methodology was implemented in the general education schools of Latvia. The self-administered voice risk factor questionnaire and the Voice Handicap Index were completed by 522 teachers. Two teachers groups were formed: the voice disorders group which included 235 teachers with actual voice problems or problems during the last 9 months; and the control group which included 174 teachers without voice disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six percent of teachers gave a positive answer to the following question: Have you ever had problems with your voice? Voice problems are more often found in female than male teachers (68.2% vs 48.8%). Music teachers suffer from voice disorders more often than teachers of other subjects. Eighty-two percent of teachers first faced voice problems in their professional carrier. The odds of voice disorders increase if the following risk factors exist: extra vocal load, shouting, throat clearing, neglecting of personal health, background noise, chronic illnesses of the upper respiratory tract, allergy, job dissatisfaction, and regular stress in the working place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study findings indicated a high risk of voice disorders among Latvian teachers. The study confirmed data concerning the multifactorial etiology of voice disorders.
authors.affiliation: Speech and Voice Research Laboratory, Liepaja University, Liepaja, Latvia. Electronic address: baibatr@apollo.lv.
authors.forename: Baiba
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trinite
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Epidemiology; Prevalence; Risk factors; Teachers; Voice disorders