title: Amplified Fluorescence from Polyfluorene Nanoparticles with Dual State Emission and Aggregation Caused Red Shifted Emission for Live Cell Imaging and Cancer Theranostics.
abstract: A newly synthesized polyfluorene derivative with pendant di(2-picolyl)amine (PF-DPA) shows dual state emission and aggregation caused red shifted emission that was utilized for cell imaging and cancer theranostics. PF-DPA was nontoxic to normal cells but showed cytotoxicity against cancer cells, suggesting its utility for cancer therapy. PF-DPA exhibits a large and unique red shifted emission at 556 nm at higher water ratio of THF:H2O (10:90) due to the formation of polymer nanoparticles or PDots spontaneously by intra- and intermolecular self-assembly induced aggregation. Dual state emission and aggregation caused red shifted emission (>100 nm) in PF-DPA homopolymer nanoparticles is very unique and attributed to the combined effect of intramolecular planarization and J-type aggregate formation in the PDots (25 ± 5 nm). The PF-DPA PDots exhibit bright green and orange fluorescence with exceptional live cell imaging properties and potential applications in cancer theranostics due to their selective cytotoxic nature toward cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.
authors.forename: Balakrishnan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muthuraj
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
authors.forename: Sudip
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology , Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana State, India.|Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India.
authors.forename: Chitta Ranjan
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.|Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, India.
authors.forename: Parameswar Krishnan
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Iyer
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D009369:Neoplasms; D011108:Polymers; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water
keywords: aggregation caused red shifted emission; aggregation-induced enhanced emission; cancer therapy; fluorescence imaging; polyfluorene; theranostics