title: Quantifying the effect of lactogenic antibody on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in neonatal piglets.
abstract: The contribution of lactogenic antibody to the protection of piglets against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was evaluated. Pregnant multiparous sows and their litters were allocated to one of 3 treatment groups: Group 1-6 serum antibody-negative sows and a subset (n=11) of their piglets. Group 2-8 serum antibody-positive sows and their 91 piglets. Piglets were orally inoculated with PEDV at 4 (Group 1) or 2 (Group 2) days of age. Group 3-2 PEDV serum antibody-negative sows and 22 piglets, provided a baseline for piglet survivability and growth rate. Piglets were monitored daily for clinical signs, body weight, and body temperature through day post-inoculation (DPI) 12 (Groups 2 and 3) or 14 (Group 1). Serum and mammary secretions were tested for PEDV IgG, IgA, and virus-neutralizing antibody. Feces were tested by PEDV real-time, reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR). Piglets on sows without (Group 1) or with (Group 2) anti-PEDV antibody showed significantly different responses to PEDV infection in virus shedding (p<0.05), thermoregulation (p<0.05), growth rate (p<0.05), and survivability (p<0.0001). Specifically, Group 1 piglets shed more virus on DPIs 1 to 5, were hypothermic at all sampling points except DPIs 9, 11, and 12, gained weight more slowly, and exhibited lower survivability than Group 2 piglets. Within Group 2 litters, significant differences were found in virus shedding (p<0.05), and body temperature (p<0.05), but not in piglet survival rate. The number of sows and litters in Group 2 was insufficient to derive the relationship between specific levels of lactogenic antibody (FFN, IgA, and IgG) and the amelioration of clinical effects. However, when combined with previous PEDV literature, it can be concluded that the optimal protection to piglets will be provided by dams able to deliver sufficient lactogenic immunity, both humoral and cellular, to their offspring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Korakrit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poonsuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Jianqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Lucas Correa
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Silva Carrion
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Yaxuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Department of Statistics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Rodger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Main
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States. Electronic address: luisggl@iastate.edu.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giménez-Lirola
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D053485:Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: Antibody; Immunity; Lactogenic; Neonatal; Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus