title: Occurrence of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in eggs from free-range hens in Campania (southern Italy) and risk evaluation.
abstract: Hens' eggs collected in home-producing farms located in different areas of the Campania region of southern Italy were analysed for six NDL-polychlorobiphenyls (PCB indicators), 17 polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and 12 congeners of dioxin-like PCBs (DL-PCBs). In the investigated area, waste from civil, industrial and hospital activities was illegally dumped and in many cases burned, so the area is called the 'Land of fire'. This illicit practice has been considered the main source of pollution in this territory and the cause of the persistent organic pollutants' (POPs) contamination in the neighbouring lands intended for agricultural use and livestock. The results, which were obtained from the analysis of 56 samples of eggs, showed levels of contamination by dioxins and PCBs that have often exceeded the action levels set by European Union Recommendation 711/2013 and sometimes even exceeded the maximum levels set by Commission Regulation (EU) 1259/2011. The median PCDD/Fs was 0.41 pg TEQ g-1fat (range = 0.01-6.18 pg TEQ g-1fat) and the median concentration of DL-PCBs was 0.70 pg TEQ g-1fat (range = 0.01-14.60 pg TEQ g-1fat), whereas NDL-PCBs median was 7.35 ng g-1fat (range = 0.48-67.55 ng g-1fat). Nevertheless, the estimated weekly intake (EWI) calculated for consumers of eggs home produced in Campania is lower than the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) established by the European Union Scientific Committee on Food (SCF).
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici , Italy.|b Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Federico II' , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lambiase
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Paolo
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Serpe
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici , Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavallo
authors.affiliation: c UOD Prevenzione Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria , ASL NA 1 , Naples , Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici , Italy.
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baldi
authors.affiliation: d Direzione Operativa Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Regioni Lazio e Toscana , Roma , Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.affiliation: a Dipartimento di Chimica , Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno , Portici , Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D000072318:Dibenzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000072318:Dibenzofurans; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls
keywords: PCB; dioxin; eggs