title: Transcription by RNA polymerase III: insights into mechanism and regulation.
abstract: The highly abundant, small stable RNAs that are synthesized by RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII) have key functional roles, particularly in the protein synthesis apparatus. Their expression is metabolically demanding, and is therefore coupled to changing demands for protein synthesis during cell growth and division. Here, we review the regulatory mechanisms that control the levels of RNAPIII transcripts and discuss their potential physiological relevance. Recent analyses have revealed differential regulation of tRNA expression at all steps on its biogenesis, with significant deregulation of mature tRNAs in cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, U.K.
authors.forename: Tomasz W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Turowski
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Michael Swann Building, Kings Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, U.K.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tollervey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012320:RNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism*; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019474:Transcription Factors, TFIII / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D019474:Transcription Factors, TFIII; D012343:RNA, Transfer; D012320:RNA Polymerase III
keywords: RNA polymerase III; tRNA; transcription elongation; transcription factors