title: Prolonged excretion of type-2 poliovirus from a primary immune deficient patient during the transition to a type-2 poliovirus-free world, Israel, 2016.
abstract: Wild poliovirus type-2 has been eradicated, use of live type-2 vaccine has been terminated globally, and all type-2 polioviruses are under strict laboratory containment protocols. Re-emergence may arise from prolonged asymptomatic excretion of poliovirus by hospitalised primary immune deficient (PID) patients, as described here, through repeated exposure of close contacts to high titres of infected material. At this transition time, PID patients should be screened and hospital containment protocols updated in parallel with laboratory containment.
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.|These authors contributed equally to this work.
authors.forename: Merav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.|These authors contributed equally to this work.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Lester M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heiman
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Tali
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stauber
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alfandari
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silberstein
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Viki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Indenbaum
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.affiliation: Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Heath, at Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
authors.forename: Danit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sofer
mesh_terms: D060740:Disease Eradication; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000821:virology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017201:Virus Shedding
keywords: clinic; epidemiology; healthcare-associated infections; infection control; poliomyelitis; poliovirus; public health policy; surveillance; viral infections