title: The Correlation between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Polygenic Risk Score in Alzheimer's Disease.
abstract: Plasma biomarkers to aid the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) or to monitor disease progression have long been sought and continue to be widely studied. Biomarkers that correlate with AD polygenic risk score, a measure of the polygenic architecture of the disease and highly predictive of AD status, would be excellent candidates. Therefore, we undertook a preliminary study to assess the association of plasma inflammatory biomarkers with an overall AD polygenic risk score as well as with an inflammation-specific AD polygenic risk score in a sample set of 93 AD cases. We measured five complement biomarkers [complement receptor 1 (CR1), clusterin, complement component 9 (C9), C1 inhibitor (C1inh), terminal complement complex (TCC)] and the benchmark inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP). Plasma clusterin level showed an association with overall AD polygenic risk score, while clusterin, C1inh, and CRP levels each displayed some association with the inflammatory-specific AD polygenic risk score. The results suggest that elevated plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including complement proteins, associate with polygenic risk scores in AD, further strengthening the link between genetic and biomarker disease predictors and indicating a potential role for these markers in disease prediction and patient stratification in AD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Angharad R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Touchard
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Hagan
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Majounie
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Escott-Price
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: B Paul
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051152:Clusterin / Q000097:blood; D050718:Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D020412:Multifactorial Inheritance / Q000235:genetics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011951:Receptors, Complement / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C495242:CLU protein, human; D051152:Clusterin; D050718:Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein; D016207:Cytokines; D011951:Receptors, Complement; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; biomarker; complement; inflammation; polygenic risk 
  score