title: Role of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of hypertrophy and adenoid tissue inflammation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A tropism to epithelial cells and lymphocytes, an inhibition of apoptosis in host cells, an ability to occurrence in persistent form resistant to antibiotic treatment are the features of Chlamydia pneumoniae, which can have connection with chronic inflammation of an adenoid tissue and adenoid hypertrophy. This study aimed to (1) detect the C. pneumoniae in an adenoid in children undergoing adenoidectomy, (2) estimate a connection between C. pneumoniae occurrence and the size of adenoid, (3) demonstration in which of adenoid cells C. pneumoniae occurs most often.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined group consisted of 200 children aged from 2 to 16 years (mean age 6,4) undergoing adenoidectomy. In all children during qualification for adenoidectomy a fiberoscopic examination of the nasopharynx was performed. A part of removed adenoid tissue was analysed by real-time PCR for C. pneumoniae. Adenoids from children with positive PCR examination and from 10 children with negative PCR examination were examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  C. pneumoniae in the adenoid was present in 5,5% children. Positive results were obtained most frequently (24,14%, 7/29) in the eldest group (10-16 years). A statistical analysis demonstrated the correlation between C. pneumoniae occurrence in an adenoid tissue and the size of adenoid. In immunohistochemistry C. pneumoniae was found the most frequently in lymphocytes and in epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A presence of C. pneumoniae in lymphocytes and epithelial cells of the adenoid first of all in older children with adenoid hypertrophy confirms the participation of this bacteria in adenoid pathology.
authors.affiliation: Oddział Otolaryngologiczny Szpitala Dziecięcego im. prof. J. Bogdanowicza.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bielicka
authors.affiliation: Oddział Otolaryngologiczny, Szpital Dziecięcy Warszawa Ordynator: dr hab. n med B. Zielnik-Jurkiewicz.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielnik-Jurkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej i Immunologii Klinicznej Wieku Rozwojowego, Samodzielny Publiczny Dziecięcy Szpital Kliniczny, ul. Marszałkowska 24, Warszawa.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Podsiadły
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prochorec-Sobieszek
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Development Age, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogulska
authors.affiliation: Zakład Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej i Immunologii Klinicznej Wieku Rozwojowego, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Demkow
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male
keywords: PCR; adenoid; child; chlamydia pneumoniae