title: Clinical, surgical, and electrical factors impacting residual hearing in cochlear implant surgery.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  This study recommends using soft surgical principal and round window insertion to protect residual hearing with favorable anatomical exposure. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the electrical stimulation on the organ of corti and hearing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to analyze various factors that impact on preservation of residual hearing post-implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed to analyze loss of residual hearing in a cohort of 225 patients implanted in a large academic center. Sixty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The impact of age at implantation, gender, etiology of hearing loss, cochleostomy vs round window insertion, partial vs full insertion, and effect of initial stimulation were analyzed using appropriate statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall hearing preservation rate for all implanted patients was 64%. Loss of residual hearing was significantly more observed in cases of cochleostomy and/or non-soft surgical techniques. No correlation was observed with age at implantation, gender, side of implant, device manufacturer, and presence of pre-lingual deafness vs post-lingual, full or partial electrode insertion. In addition, there was a small but significant decrease in hearing between pre-stimulation and post-stimulation audiograms at 6000 Hz.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Adrien A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Eshraghi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krysiak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Kadri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ila
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Fred F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Telischi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prentiss
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology , University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami , FL , USA.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valendia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D005260:Female; D006309:Hearing; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Soft surgery; cochleostomy; full insertion; initial stimulation; partial insertion; round window insertion