title: Damage assessment for soybean cultivated in soil with either CeO2or ZnO manufactured nanomaterials.
abstract: With increasing use, manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) may enter soils and impact agriculture. Herein, soybean (Glycine max) was grown in soil amended with either nano-CeO2(0.1, 0.5, or 1.0gkg-1soil) or nano-ZnO (0.05, 0.1, or 0.5gkg-1soil). Leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and photosystem II (PSII) quantum efficiency were monitored during plant growth. Seed protein and protein carbonyl, plus leaf chlorophyll, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and genotoxicity were measured for plants at harvest. Neither PSII quantum efficiency, seed protein, nor protein carbonyl indicated negative MNM effects. However, increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, and visible damage, along with decreased total chlorophyll concentrations, were observed for soybean leaves in the nano-CeO2treatments. These effects correlated to aboveground leaf, pod, and stem production, and to root nodule N2fixation potential. Soybeans grown in soil amended with nano-ZnO maintained growth, yield, and N2fixation potential similarly to the controls, without increased leaf ROS or lipid peroxidation. Leaf damage was observed for the nano-ZnO treatments, and genotoxicity appeared for the highest nano-ZnO treatment, but only for one plant. Total chlorophyll concentrations decreased with increasing leaf Zn concentration, which was attributable to zinc complexes-not nano-ZnO-in the leaves. Overall, nano-ZnO and nano-CeO2amended to soils differentially triggered aboveground soybean leaf stress and damage. However, the consequences of leaf stress and damage to N2fixation, plant growth, and yield were only observed for nano-CeO2.
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Priester
authors.affiliation: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Shelly Cole
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Roger M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Nisbet
authors.affiliation: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schimel
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Susana Goggi
authors.affiliation: University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gardea-Torresdey
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States; University of California Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States. Electronic address: holden@bren.ucsb.edu.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Holden
mesh_terms: D002563:Cerium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018517:Plant Roots; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Ceria; Nanomaterials; Oxide; Soil; Soybean; Zinc