title: Lithium-Ion-Transfer Kinetics of Single LiMn2O4Particles.
abstract: A stochastic investigation of lithium deinsertion from individual 200-nm-sized particles of LiMn2O4reveals the rate-determining step at high overpotentials to be the transfer of the cation across the particle-electrolyte interface. Measurement of the (electro)chemical behavior of the spinel is undertaken without forming a conductive composite electrode. The kinetics of the interfacial ion transfer defines a theoretical upper limit for the discharge rates of batteries using LiMn2O4in an aqueous environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zampardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Batchelor-McAuley
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
authors.forename: Enno
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kätelhön
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, PTCL, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Compton
keywords: lithium (de)insertion; lithium manganese oxides; lithium-ion batteries; nanoimpact method; nanoparticles