title: Dioxin-metabolizing genes in relation to effects of prenatal dioxin levels and reduced birth size: The Hokkaido study.
abstract: We investigated the effects of maternal polymorphisms in 3 genes encoding dioxin-metabolizing enzymes in relation to prenatal dioxin levels on infant birth size in Japan.
  
  
  
  We examined the relationship between dioxin exposure and birth size in relation to the polymorphisms in the genes encoding aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR [G>A, Arg554Lys]), cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (T6235C), and glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1; Non-null/null) in 421 participants using multiple linear regression models.
  
  
  
  In mothers carrying the GSTM1 null genotype, a ten-fold increase in total dioxin toxic equivalency was correlated with a decrease in birth weight of -345g (95% confidence interval: -584, -105).
  
  
  
  We observed adverse effects of maternal GSTM1 null genotype on birth weight in the presence of dioxins exposure during pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumitaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan; Health Center, Chuo University, 42-8, Ichigaya-Hommura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8473, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sata
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North-15, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Suzuka University of Medical Science, 3500-3, Minami-Tamagaki-cho, Suzuka 513-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ban
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
authors.forename: Houman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goudarzi
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Institute of Health and Environmental Sciences, Mukaizano 39, Dazaifu 818-0135, Japan.
authors.forename: Jumboku
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todaka
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, North-12, West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan. Electronic address: rkishi@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kishi
mesh_terms: D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D004147:Dioxins / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D004147:Dioxins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; C569463:CYP1A1 protein, human
keywords: Birth size; Dioxins; Infants; Polymorphisms; Pregnancy