title: Hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: is it associated with the neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease?
abstract: To assess the association between hyperuricemia and different neuropsychiatric manifestations and stroke risk factors in systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.
  
  
  
  This study was conducted on 204 SLE patients who were admitted to a tertiary referral center. A standardized questionnaire was completed for all the participants and the medical records were reviewed regarding the occurrence of arterial or venous thrombotic events, stroke, seizure, depression, headache, psychosis, and peripheral neuropathy. In addition blood samples were drawn to obtain serum uric acid, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels.
  
  
  
  Hyperuricemia (serum uric acid ≥6mg/dl for women and ≥7mg/dl for men) was detected in 16.1% of SLE patients and was significantly associated with the occurrence of stroke (OR, 2.38; 95%CI, 1.2-7.24), and peripheral neuropathy (OR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.52-12.23), independent of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Hyperuricemia was also significantly associated with hypertension (OR, 7.76; 95% CI, 2.72-15.76), hyperlipidemia (OR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.59-11.32), and history of arterial thrombosis (OR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.98-15.34), independent of age and body mass index.
  
  
  
  Hyperuricemia in SLE patients is independently associated with the occurrence of stroke and peripheral neuropathy. It is also independently associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and history of arterial thrombosis, which are the major stroke and myocardial infarction risk factors in SLE patients.
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: dr.s.movassaghi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shafieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Movassaghi
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam-Khodemini Hospital, Department of Neurology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khaledi
authors.affiliation: Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moghaddassi
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Acidente vascular encefálico; Lúpus eritematoso sistêmico; Neurologia; Neurology; Neuropathy; Neuropatia; Stroke; Systematic lupus erythematosus; Uric acid; Ácido úrico