title: The use of modified-release methylphenidate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: Since Ritalin® (Methylphenidate-Immediate release or MPH-IR) was introduced for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, multiple formulations of MPH have been developed. The specific formulation determines the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and the onset and duration of action for the compound. Areas covered: Aptensio XR® is a multilayer-release MPH (MPH-MLR) consisting of an MPH-IR layer (40%) and an extended-release (ER) portion of 60% of MPH. It has an initial maximum MPH concentration at about two hours (h) and a second concentration peak at approximately 8 h. This formulation allows for a rapid onset of effect by 1 h and a duration of action through 12 h after dosing. The chemistry, PK, efficacy and adverse event profile of MPH-MLR will be reviewed. Expert commentary: Although the PK profile may prove beneficial to patients in the late afternoon and early evening, it is not clear if this is a significant advantage compared with other MPH-ER formulations.
authors.affiliation: a Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Inc ., Las Vegas , NV , USA ​​.|b Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of Nevada School of Medicine , Las Vegas , NV.|c Department of Psychiatry , Touro University Nevada , Henderson , NV , USA.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Childress
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , Touro University Nevada , Henderson , NV , USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belchenko
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychiatry , Touro University Nevada , Henderson , NV , USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lempa
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate
keywords: ADHD; Aptensio XR; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; methylphenidate; methylphenidate extended-release; stimulants