title: The impact of early aerobic exercise on brain microvascular alterations induced by cerebral hypoperfusion.
abstract: The therapeutic potential of early exercise training following cerebral hypoperfusion was investigated on brain perfusion and inflammation in rats with permanent bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO). Wistar rats were subjected to 2VO or sham surgery and each group was then subdivided randomly into sedentary or exercise groups. Early exercise training was initiated after three days of 2VO or sham surgery and consisted of seven days of treadmill training (30min/day at ∼60% of maximal exercise test), composing four groups: 1) Sham sedentary (Sham-Sed), 2) Sham exercised (Sham-Ex), 3) 2VO sedentary (2VO-Sed) and 4) 2VO exercised (2VO-Ex). Microvascular cerebral blood flow (MCBF) and NADPH oxidase and eNOS gene expression were evaluated by laser speckle contrast imaging and RT-PCR, respectively, and brain functional capillary density and endothelial-leukocyte interactions were evaluated by fluorescence intravital video-microscopy. The 2VO-Sed group presented a decrease in MCBF (Sham-Sed: 230.9±12.2 vs. 2VO-Sed: 183.6±10.6 arbitrary perfusion units, P<0.05) and in functional capillary density (Sham-Sed: 336.4±25.3 vs. 2VO-Sed: 225.5±28.1capillaries/mm2, P<0.05). Early intervention with physical exercise was able to prevent the cerebral microvascular inflammation by decreasing endothelial-leukocyte interactions (2VO-Ex: 0.9±0.3 vs. 2VO-Sed: 5±0.6cells/min/100μm, P<0.0001) and reducing brain NADPH oxidase gene expression (2VO-Ex: 1.7±0.1 arbitrary units, P<0.05). Cerebral microcirculatory and inflammatory alterations appear to be triggered during the first days after 2VO surgery, and early intervention with physical exercise may represent a means of preventing the microvascular alterations induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leardini-Tristão
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daliry
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibiriçá
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Electronic address: estato@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Estato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology*; D055806:Microvessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Cerebral blood flow; Cerebral hypoperfusion; Endothelial-leukocyte; Exercise; Microcirculation; NADPH oxidase