title: Duodenal endoluminal barrier sleeve alters gut microbiota of ZDF rats.
abstract: The combination of energy dense diets and reduced energy expenditure in modern society has escalated the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related comorbidities. Among these disease states, type-2 diabetics (T2D) are disproportionately associated with obesity, suggesting a shared etiology. In conjunction with defects in hormonal and inflammatory states, obesity and T2D are also characterized by dysbiosis.
  
  
  
  We have recently described the beneficial effects of duodenal nutrient exclusion, as induced by the duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES); including body weight loss, prevented fat mass accumulation, and improved glucose tolerance in the ZDF rat, a rodent model of obesity and type-2 diabetes (T2D). To assess the relative role of DES on hindgut microbiota in the context of these metabolic changes, we analyzed cecal samples from rats implanted with a duodenal endoluminal sleeve (DES), or a sham control of this procedure. A group of pair-fed (pf) sham controls was also included to account for changes induced by reduced body weight and food intake.
  
  
  
  Analysis of hindgut microbiota following DES in the ZDF rat elucidated discrete changes in several microbial populations including a reduction in Paraprevotella family members of the Clostridiales order along with an increase in Akkermansia muciniphila and species of the Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium genera.
  
  
  
  Altogether, these observations suggest that like Roux-en Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and Metformin, regulation of gut microbiota may be a contributing factor to the therapeutic effects of DES.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Holleman
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ptacek
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.|Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Habegger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004386:Duodenum / Q000601:surgery*; D064806:Dysbiosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin