title: Application of material flow analysis to municipal solid waste in Maputo City, Mozambique.
abstract: Understanding waste flows within an urban area is important for identifying the main problems and improvement opportunities for efficient waste management. Assessment tools such as material flow analysis (MFA), an extensively applied method in waste management studies, provide a structured and objective evaluating process to characterize the waste management system best, to identify its shortcomings and to propose suitable strategies. This paper presents the application of MFA to municipal solid waste management (MSWM) in Maputo City, the capital of Mozambique. The results included the identification and quantification of the main input and output flows of the MSWM system in 2007 and 2014, from the generation, material recovery and collection, to final disposal and the unaccounted flow of municipal solid waste (MSW). We estimated that the waste generation increased from 397×103tonnes in 2007 to 437×103tonnes in 2014, whereas the total material recovery was insignificant in both years - 3×103and 7×103tonnes, respectively. As for collection and final disposal, the official collection of waste to the local dumpsite in the inner city increased about threefold, from 76×103to 253×106tonnes. For waste unaccounted for, the estimates indicated a reduction during the study period from 300×103to 158×103tonnes, due to the increase of collection services. The emphasized aspects include the need for practical waste reduction strategies, the opportunity to explore the potential for material recovery, careful consideration regarding the growing trend of illegal dumping and the urgency in phasing-out from the harmful practice of open dumping.
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Environmental Management, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Leticia Sarmento
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Dos Muchangos
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Environmental Management, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokai
authors.affiliation: 1 Laboratory of Environmental Management, Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita City, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.|2 Department of Human Life and Environment, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito City, Osaka 574-8530, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanashima
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D009073:Mozambique; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D018505:Waste Management / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Maputo City; Waste management; developing countries; material flow analysis; municipal solid waste