title: The Diabeates Project: Perceptual, Affective and Psychophysiological Effects of Music and Music-Video in a Clinical Exercise Setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of music and music-video on perceptual (attentional focus, rated perceived exertion), affective (affective valence and enjoyment) and psychophysiological (blood glucose, heart rate) variables in outpatients attending a diabetes exercise clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 24 females (age = 66.0 ± 8.5 years) enrolled in a supervised exercise program for people with diabetes. They engaged in mixed-modality exercise sessions that included a standardized combination of flexibility, aerobic and resistance activities under conditions of music, music-video and control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyses revealed a main effect of condition on attentional focus and affect during aerobic exercise only. The music-video condition elicited the highest level of attentional dissociation, while affective valence was more positive in the 2 experimental conditions when compared to control. Rated perceived exertion and heart rate did not differ across conditions. Measures of exercise enjoyment indicated a main effect of condition wherein scores were higher with the music-video condition when compared to control. There was an acute glucose-lowering effect of exercise in all conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results lend support to the notion that auditory and visual stimuli can enhance affective responses to exercise in a clinical setting. This may have meaningful implications for adherence, given the link between affective judgements and future behaviour in an exercise context.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. Electronic address: jhutchinson@springfieldcollege.edu.
authors.forename: Jasmin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Costas I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Karageorghis
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Education Center, Mercy Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States.
authors.forename: Jessica D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods
keywords: affect; attention; diabète de type 2; dissociation; exercise enjoyment; plaisir associé à l'activité physique; type 2 diabetes