title: Treatment effect of a flavonoid prescription on duck virus hepatitis by its hepatoprotective and antioxidative ability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Duck virus hepatitis (DVH) caused by duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is an acute and lethal disease of young ducklings. However, there is still no effective drug to treat DVH.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the curative effect on DVH of a flavonoid prescription baicalin-linarin-icariin-notoginsenoside R1 (BLIN) as well as the hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects of BLIN.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTT method was used to test the anti-DHAV-1 ability of BLIN in vitro. We then treated ducklings by BLIN (3 mg per duckling, once a day for 5 days) to evaluate the in vivo efficacy. To study the hepatoprotective and antioxidative roles of BLIN in its curative effect on DVH, we investigated the hepatic injury evaluation biomarkers and the oxidative stress evaluation indices of the ducklings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On duck embryonic hepatocytes, DHAV-1 inhibitory rate of BLIN at 20 μg/mL was 69.3%. The survival rate of ducklings treated by BLIN was about 35.5%, which was significantly higher than that of virus control (0.0%). After the treatment of BLIN, both the hepatic injury and the oxidative stress of infected ducklings alleviated. At the same time, a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) existed between the hepatic injury indices and the oxidative stress indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BLIN showed a significant curative effect on DVH. The antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects of BLIN made great contributions to the treatment of DVH. Furthermore, BLIN is expected to be exploited as a new drug for the clinical treatment of DVH.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: b National Research Center of Veterinary Biologicals Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science , Nanjing , PR China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Meiyun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Yixuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , P R China.
authors.forename: Jiaguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004372:Ducks; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004371:Hepatitis Virus, Duck / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005419:Flavonoids; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006027:Glycosides; C038044:baicalin; C008282:linarin; C056599:icariin; C072936:notoginsenoside R1
keywords: Duck hepatitis A virus type 1; antioxidative effect; baicalin-linarin-icariin-notoginsenoside R1; hepatoprotective ability