title: A Novel Adjuvant-Solution Layer Strategy for Improving the Efficacy of Cryosurgery.
abstract: During cryosurgery, studies reported earlier suggest increased destruction inside the tumour due to adjuvants or the prevention of damage to neighbouring healthy tissue through different methods.
  
  
  
  This study advocates a novel strategy that increases the freezing inside agarose gel phantoms by addition of glycine and limits the freezing to the desired location using a perfluorohexane layer during cryosurgery.
  
  
  
  Cryosurgery of glycine containing gels is carried out with and without perfluorohexane layer and the thermal history is measured using K-type thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system.
  
  
  
  The presence of glycine causes increased freezing during cryosurgery with an ice ball depth of 16 mm, while with a perfluorohexane layer at this gel interface, this depth is 13 mm, indicating the ability of this layer to limit freezing.
  
  
  
  It can be concluded that glycine addition results in substantial temperature decrease and perfluorohexane layer insulates the glycine gel effectively during cryosurgical cooling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ramajayam
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.. thirugnanam.a@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thirugnanam
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D005615:Freezing; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D013821:Thermometers
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; C078626:perflexane; D005998:Glycine