title: Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Nasal Polyps Based Upon Galectin-3 Expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic mechanisms in nasal polyps that occur after glandular hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective histopathological analyses of patients with nasal polyps.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 54 patients (19 females; 35 males). Group-1 patients with a diagnosis of nasal polyposis; group-2 patients with a diagnosis of antrochoanal polyps; group-3 with a diagnosis of deviation of the nasal septum as a control group. Tissues were taken during their surgery and fixed in paraffin blocks, stained to detect galectin-3, and evaluated under a light microscope. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes on the surface epithelium, glandular epithelium, and connective tissue were divided into groups according to the intensity of galectin-3 staining: "mild," "moderate," and "strong." The percentage of stained tissue was also graded: <10%, 10% to 50%, 51% to 80%, and >80%. Hence, the extent of expression of galectin-3 and percentage of stained tissue was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in the staining intensity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes for galectin-3 were observed between the 3 groups (P <0.01). Staining intensity in control group was significantly lower than that in group I and group II (P = 0.001; P <0.01). However, there was no significant difference between group I and group II (P >0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that galectin-3 has a role in the formation of nasal polyps.
authors.affiliation: *Otolaryngolgy Clinic, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital †Otolaryngology Clinic, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul ‡Otolaryngolgy Clinic, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya §Otolaryngolgy Clinic, BagcilarTraining and Research Hospital ||Otolaryngology Clinic, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Taliye
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cakabay
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sayin
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdur
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammedoglu
authors.forename: Nihal Seden
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Tekke
authors.forename: Fatma Tulin
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kayhan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037502:Galectin 3