title: Comparison of diverse estimation methods for personal exposure to air pollutants and associations with allergic symptoms: The Allergy & Gene-Environment Link (ANGEL) study.
abstract: We estimated the exposure to ambient air pollutants and analyzed the associations with allergic diseases. We enrolled 177 children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and 70 asthmatic adults living in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea, and followed for 17months between August 2013 and December 2014. Parents or patients recorded symptom scores on a daily basis. Exposure to particulate matter with a diameter <10μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was estimated in four different ways in each individual, using the AQ1 (measurements from the nearest air quality monitoring station to residential houses), AQ2 (measurements modified from AQ1 with the indoor level of air pollutants and time activity of each individual), AQ1-DI, and AQ2-DI (measurements modified from AQ1 and AQ2, respectively, with daily inhalation intakes of air pollutants). A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the associations between exposure metrics and clinical symptoms after adjusting for ambient temperature and humidity, age, season, gender, and time trend. The exposure metrics for PM10and NO2showed different distributions. Symptoms of AD and asthma were positively associated with exposure to PM10, but not NO2, in all exposure metrics. The effect size of PM10exposure on asthma symptoms was slightly greater in metrics with inhalation capacity (AQ-DIs) than in those without (AQs). This pattern was not observed in AD. Exposure to PM10is associated with symptom aggravation in childhood AD and adult asthma. Different exposure estimates may be used to evaluate the impact of air pollution on different allergic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngshin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Jae
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Chull
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byoung-Hak
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Inbo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gwi-Nam
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Heok
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center for Asthma, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: SungChul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Seoul National University School of Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Ryeon
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Center for Atopic Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kmaped@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Kangmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D066106:Seoul / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: Air pollution; Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Exposure assessment; Inhalation rate; Panel study; Time activity