title: Xylobiose, an Alternative Sweetener, Ameliorates Diabetes-Related Metabolic Changes by Regulating Hepatic Lipogenesis and miR-122a/33a in db/db Mice.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern worldwide. Xylobiose (XB) consists of two molecules of d-xylose and is a major disaccharide in xylooligosaccharides that are used as prebiotics. We hypothesized that XB could regulate diabetes-related metabolic and genetic changes via microRNA expression in db/db mice. For six weeks, C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice received 5% XB as part of the total sucrose content of their diet. XB supplementation improved glucose tolerance with reduced levels of OGTT AUC, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, XB supplementation decreased the levels of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C. The expression levels of miR-122a and miR-33a were higher and lower in the XB group, respectively. In the liver, expressions of the lipogenic genes, including, fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1C (SREBP-1C), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/G8 (ABCG5/8), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP8B1), as well as oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase, were also regulated by XB supplementation. XB supplementation inhibited the mRNA expressions levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, interleukin (IL)-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, as well as phosphorylation of c-JunN-terminal kinase/stress activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). These data demonstrate that XB exhibits anti-diabetic, hypolipogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects via regulation of the miR-122a/33a axis in db/db mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. leemeunjin@daum.net.
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. godlovesme86@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Ji Ye
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. eunju831@naver.com.
authors.forename: Eunju
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. tidygirlss@naver.com.
authors.forename: Yoo-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyunggi-do 13135, Korea. shinjh@eulji.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Eulji University, Seongnam-si, Gyunggi-do 13135, Korea. seok@eulji.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Pu Reum
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Seok
authors.affiliation: R&D Center, TS Corporation, Incheon 22300, Korea. chemjsw@ts.co.kr.
authors.forename: Sangwon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea. shyoo@sejong.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea. yuri.kim@ewha.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D056692:Prebiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004187:Disaccharides; D035683:MicroRNAs; C544354:Mirn122 microRNA, mouse; C550417:Mirn33 microRNA, mouse; D056692:Prebiotics; D013549:Sweetening Agents; C004173:xylobiose
keywords: db/db mice; inflammation; lipogenesis; microRNA; xylobiose