title: Network meta-analysis: an introduction for clinicians.
abstract: Network meta-analysis is a technique for comparing multiple treatments simultaneously in a single analysis by combining direct and indirect evidence within a network of randomized controlled trials. Network meta-analysis may assist assessing the comparative effectiveness of different treatments regularly used in clinical practice and, therefore, has become attractive among clinicians. However, if proper caution is not taken in conducting and interpreting network meta-analysis, inferences might be biased. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the process of network meta-analysis with the aid of a working example on first-line medical treatment for primary open-angle glaucoma. We discuss the key assumption of network meta-analysis, as well as the unique considerations for developing appropriate research questions, conducting the literature search, abstracting data, performing qualitative and quantitative synthesis, presenting results, drawing conclusions, and reporting the findings in a network meta-analysis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, University Campus Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaimani
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Trials and Evidence Synthesis, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. tli19@jhu.edu.
authors.forename: Tianjing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D000071076:Network Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012106:Research / Q000592:standards; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D012196:Review Literature as Topic
keywords: Comparative effectiveness; Multiple treatment meta-analysis; Network meta-analysis; Transitivity