title: Ultrastructural analyses of the novel chimeric hemostatic agent generated via nanotechnology, ABS nanohemostat, at the renal tissue level.
abstract: Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a hemostatic agent of plant origin, has been registered for the prevention of clinical hemorrhages. Currently there is no data regarding the ultrastructural analysis of ABS at the tissue level. The aim of this study is to assess renal tissue effects via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses for the ABS and ABS nanohemostat (formed by the combination of self-assembling peptide amphiphile molecules and ABS). SEM experiments were performed with FEI Nova NanoSEM 230, using the ETD detector at low vacuum mode with 30 keV beam energy. SEM analyses revealed that significant erythroid aggregation are present inside the capillary bed of the renal tissue. However, neither the signs of necrosis nor any other sign of tissue damage are evident in the surrounding renal tissue supplied by the microcapillary vasculature. Our study is important for several reasons. Firstly, in our study we used ABS nanohemostat which was recently developed. This study adds valuable information to the literature regarding ABS nanohemostat. Secondly, this study is the first ultrastructural analysis of ABS that was performed at the tissue level. Thirdly, we disclosed that ABS nanohemostat could induce vital erythroid aggregation at the renal tissue level as detected by SEM. Lastly, we detected that ABS nanohemostat causes no harm to the tissues including necrosis and any other detrimental effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dogantekin
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murvet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayran
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Umit Yavuz
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Malkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ergun
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Firat
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Beyazit
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kekilli
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mumtaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dadali
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muzeyyen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Astarci
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Haznedaroglu
keywords: Ankaferd nanohemostat; Renal tissue; Safety; Ultrastructural analysis