title: Host Plants Indirectly Influence Plant Virus Transmission by Altering Gut Cysteine Protease Activity of Aphid Vectors.
abstract: The green peach aphid,Myzus persicae, is a vector of thePotato leafroll virus(PLRV, Luteoviridae), transmitted exclusively by aphids in a circulative manner. PLRV transmission efficiency was significantly reduced when a clonal lineage ofM. persicaewas reared on turnip as compared with the weed physalis, and this was a transient effect caused by a host-switch response. A trend of higher PLRV titer in physalis-reared aphids as compared with turnip-reared aphids was observed at 24 h and 72 h after virus acquisition. The major difference in the proteomes of these aphids was the up-regulation of predicted lysosomal enzymes, in particular the cysteine protease cathepsin B (cathB), in aphids reared on turnip. The aphid midgut is the site of PLRV acquisition, and cathB and PLRV localization were starkly different in midguts of the aphids reared on the two host plants. In viruliferous aphids that were reared on turnip, there was near complete colocalization of cathB and PLRV at the cell membranes, which was not observed in physalis-reared aphids. Chemical inhibition of cathB restored the ability of aphids reared on turnip to transmit PLRV in a dose-dependent manner, showing that the increased activity of cathB and other cysteine proteases at the cell membrane indirectly decreased virus transmission by aphids. Understanding how the host plant influences virus transmission by aphids is critical for growers to manage the spread of virus among field crops.
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853.|§Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853.|¶Embrapa Rice and Beans, Santo Antônio de Goiás 171, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: ‖Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 5025001, Israel.
authors.forename: Murad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghanim
authors.affiliation: **Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5902-6905
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: §Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853.
authors.forename: Ana Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.affiliation: §Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853.
authors.forename: Rogerio S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: ‡‡Thermo Fisher, San Jose, California.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Orsburn
authors.affiliation: **Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.|§§USDA Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: From the ‡Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; mlc68@cornell.edu.|**Plant Pathology and Plant Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.|§§USDA Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0921-4489
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cilia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000469:parasitology*; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology / Q000821:virology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology; D052679:Luteoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D032321:Physalis / Q000469:parasitology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D010942:Plant Viruses / Q000502:physiology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D002401:Cathepsin B