title: [Prevalence of hearing disorders in China: a population-based survey in four provinces of China].
abstract: Objective:To investigate the prevalence, severity of hearing disorders and demographics of people with hearing disorders based on the whole population in Jilin, Guangdong, Shannxi and Gansu provinces in China.Methods:According to " WHO Ear and Hearing Disorders Survey Protocol" , 144 clusters were chosen with probability proportional sampling(PPS) method from the four provinces covering 194, 688, 061 residents. Audiological test, otological examination and questionnaire surveying were conducted for all samples from August, 2014 to September, 2015. The hearing disorders were classified according to WHO criteria and classification.Results:Among 47 511 targeted residents, 45, 052 individuals (94.82% response rate) participated in the survey. The standardized prevalence rates of hearing disorders and disabling hearing disorders were 15.84 % and 5.17 % respectively. Almost 50% of people with hearing disorders had no awareness of it or its starting time. There was significant difference in the prevalence among people of different ages, genders, occupations, provinces, marital status and education levels. The prevalence of hearing disorders increased significantly as age grew. People above 60 years old occupied 55.31% of the total hearing disorders. The prevalence of hearing disorders among male, people of low education and those who lost husband or wife, as well as workers and farmers was relatively higher.Conclusions:The prevalence of hearing disorders is high, and hearing disorders are " invisible" . Demographics and socioeconomic factors significantly influence the prevalence of hearing disorders.
authors.affiliation: China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: S X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Language and Hearing Rehabilitation Center of Jilin Province, Changchun 130052, China.
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Y Q
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Otorhinolaryngology Hospital of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yetsan University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Rehabilitation Centre, Guangzhou 510055, China.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710004, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Language and Hearing Rehabilitation Center of Shanxi Province, Xi'an 710016, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou Command, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: X H
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hearing and Language Rehabilitation Center of Gangsu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000367:Age Factors; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires