title: Distinct Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Diabetic Nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the foremost causes of mortality in diabetic patients as a result of increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) rate and compromised renal function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Determination of increased excretion of albumin in urine chiefly attribute to the onset and progression of DN. However, due to certain limitations of albuminuria, the search for more sensitive, specific and reliable renal biomarkers is required for early prediction of DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bibliographic investigation was made to scrutinize the data reporting relevant biomarkers associated with DN and may be used to predict the onset and progression of nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Optimization of biomarkers for a clinical situation requires a prospective validation in large numbers of patients with diabetic nephropathy and needs to be performed in different critically ill populations.
authors.affiliation: M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207. India.
authors.forename: Lalit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kishore
authors.affiliation: M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207. India.
authors.forename: Navpreet
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.affiliation: M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana-Ambala, Haryana 133207. India.
authors.forename: Randhir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Albuminuria; albumin; biomarkers; diabetic nephropathy; diagnostic method; emerging biomarkers