title: Incorporation of cerium oxide into hydroxyapatite coating regulates osteogenic activity of mesenchymal stem cell and macrophage polarization.
abstract: Biomedical coatings for orthopedic implants should facilitate osseointegration and mitigate implant-induced inflammatory reactions. Cerium oxide (CeO2) ceramics possess anti-oxidative properties and can be used to decrease mediators of inflammation, which makes them attractive for biomedical applications. In our work, two kinds of CeO2incorporated hydroxyapatite coatings (HA-10Ce and HA-30Ce) were prepared via plasma spraying technique and the effects of CeO2addition on the responses of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages were investigated. An increase in CeO2content in the HA coatings resulted in better osteogenic behaviors of BMSCs in terms of cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation. RT-PCR and western blot analysis suggested that the incorporation of CeO2may promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the Smad-dependent BMP signaling pathway, which activated Runx2 expression and subsequently enhanced the expression of ALP and OCN. The expression profiles of macrophages cultured on the CeO2modified coating revealed a tendency toward a M2 phenotype, because of an upregulation of M2 surface markers (CD163 and CD206), anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and osteoblastogenesis-related genes (BMP2 and TGF-β1) as well as a downregulation of M1 surface markers (CCR7 and CD11c), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and IL-1ra) and reactive oxygen species production. The results suggested the regulation of BMSCs behaviors and macrophage-mediated responses at the coating's surface were associated with CeO2incorporation. The incorporation of CeO2in HA coatings can be a valuable strategy to promote osteogenic responses and reduce inflammatory reactions.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qingyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Youtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Stomatological Disease Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xuebin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002563:Cerium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D053769:Nanocapsules; D002563:Cerium; C030583:ceric oxide; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: CeO2; bone mesenchymal stem cell; hydroxyapatite; macrophage; plasma spray