title: Spectral Photon-counting CT: Initial Experience with Dual-Contrast Agent K-Edge Colonography.
abstract: Purpose To investigate the feasibility of using spectral photon-counting computed tomography (CT) to differentiate between gadolinium-based and nonionic iodine-based contrast material in a colon phantom by using the characteristic k edge of gadolinium. Materials and Methods A custom-made colon phantom was filled with nonionic iodine-based contrast material, and a gadolinium-filled capsule representing a contrast material-enhanced polyp was positioned on the colon wall. The colon phantom was scanned with a preclinical spectral photon-counting CT system to obtain spectral and conventional data. By fully using the multibin spectral information, material decomposition was performed to generate iodine and gadolinium maps. Quantitative measurements were performed within the lumen and polyp to quantitatively determine the absolute content of iodine and gadolinium. Results In a conventional CT section, absorption values of both contrast agents were similar at approximately 110 HU. Contrast material maps clearly differentiated the distributions, with gadolinium solely in the polyp and iodine in the lumen of the colon. Quantitative measurements of contrast material concentrations in the colon and polyp matched well with those of actual prepared mixtures. Conclusion Dual-contrast spectral photon-counting CT colonography with iodine-filled lumen and gadolinium-tagged polyps may enable ready differentiation between polyps and tagged fecal material.©RSNA, 2016.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muenzel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bar-Ness
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roessl
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blevis
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fingerle
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruschke
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coulon
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daerr
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Felix K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Kopp
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brendel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thran
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rokni
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herzen
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Loic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boussel
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Proksa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Ernst J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rummeny
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Douek
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, der Technischen Universität München, Ismaningerstr 22, 81675 Munich, Germany (D.M., A.A.F., S.R., F.K.K., F.P., E.J.R., P.B.N.); Department of Interventional Radiology and Cardio-vascular and Thoracic Diagnostic Imaging, Louis Pradel University Hospital, Bron, France (D.B.N., L.B., P.D.); Innovative Technologies, Research Laboratories, Philips GmbH, Hamburg, Germany (E.R., M.B., H.D., B.B., A.T., R.P.); Global Advanced Technologies, CT, Philips Healthcare, Haifa, Israel (I.B., M.R.); CT Clinical Science, Philips, Suresnes, France (P.C.); and Lehrstuhl für Biomedizinische Physik, Physik-Department & Institut für Medizintechnik, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany (J.H., F.P., P.B.N.).
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Noël
mesh_terms: D023881:Colonography, Computed Tomographic / Q000379:methods; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D017613:Iodine Compounds; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D017613:Iodine Compounds; D005682:Gadolinium