title: How does age-related macular degeneration affect real-world visual ability and quality of life? A systematic review.
abstract: To review systematically the evidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affecting real-world visual ability and quality of life (QoL). To explore trends in specific topics within this body of the literature.
  
  
  
  Systematic review.
  
  
  
  A systematic literature search was carried out using MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PsychARTICLES and Health and Psychosocial Instruments for articles published up to January 2015 for studies including people diagnosed with AMD, assessing real-world visual ability or QoL as an outcome. Two researchers screened studies for eligibility. Details of eligible studies including study design, characteristics of study population and outcomes measured were recorded in a data extraction table. All included studies underwent quality appraisal using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool 2011 Version (MMAT).
  
  
  
  From 5284 studies, 123 were eligible for inclusion. A range of approaches were identified, including performance-based methods, quantitative and qualitative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). AMD negatively affects tasks including mobility, face recognition, perception of scenes, computer use, meal preparation, shopping, cleaning, watching TV, reading, driving and, in some cases, self-care. There is evidence for higher rates of depression among people with AMD than among community dwelling elderly. A number of adaptation strategies have been associated with AMD of varying duration. Much of the research fails to report the type of AMD studied (59% of included studies) or the duration of disease in participants (74%). Of those that do report type studied, the breakdown is as follows: wet AMD 20%, dry AMD 4% and both types 17%.
  
  
  
  There are many publications highlighting the negative effects of AMD in various domains of life. Future research should focus on delivering some of this research knowledge into patient management and clinical trials and differentiating between the types of AMD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Deanna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Angharad E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hobby
authors.affiliation: Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Binns
authors.affiliation: Division of Optometry and Visual Science, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Crabb
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D006801:Humans; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: OPHTHALMOLOGY; age-related macular degeneration; quality of life; systematic review; visual disability