title: The emerging biology of RNA post-transcriptional modifications.
abstract: RNA modifications have long been known to be central in the proper function of tRNA and rRNA. While chemical modifications in mRNA were discovered decades ago, their function has remained largely mysterious until recently. Using enrichment strategies coupled to next generation sequencing, multiple modifications have now been mapped on a transcriptome-wide scale in a variety of contexts. We now know that RNA modifications influence cell biology by many different mechanisms - by influencing RNA structure, by tuning interactions within the ribosome, and by recruiting specific binding proteins that intersect with other signaling pathways. They are also dynamic, changing in distribution or level in response to stresses such as heat shock and nutrient deprivation. Here, we provide an overview of recent themes that have emerged from the substantial progress that has been made in our understanding of chemical modifications across many major RNA classes in eukaryotes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nachtergaele
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008745:Methylation; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000235:genetics; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012343:RNA, Transfer
keywords: Epitranscriptome; RNA modification; gene expression; post-transcriptional regulation; protein translation