title: Middle Range Theory: A Perspective on Development and Use.
abstract: This replication and critique addresses ongoing development and use of middle range theory since considering this body of nursing knowledge 18 years ago. Middle range theory is appreciated as essential to the structure of nursing knowledge. Nine middle range theories that demonstrate ongoing use by the theory authors are analyzed using the criteria of theory name, theory generation, disciplinary perspective, theory model, practice use and research use. Critique conclusions indicate the importance of staying with the theory over time, naming and development consistent with the disciplinary perspective, movement to an empirical level, and bringing middle range theory to the interdisciplinary table.
authors.affiliation: Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton (Dr Liehr); and School of Nursing, West Virginia University, Morgantown (Dr Smith).
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liehr
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing / Q000266:history*