title: Factors associated with parent depressive symptoms and family quality of life in parents of adolescents and young adults with and without Spina Bifida.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore factors related to parental depressive symptoms (PDS) and family quality of life (FQOL) in parents of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with and without a specific chronic health condition (CHC), spina bifida.
  
  
  
  Two hundred and nine parents of AYA (112 with SB; and 97 without) and their AYA (46% males and 54% females) took part in a multi-site cross-sectional descriptive correlational study. In telephone interviews parents reported on measures of family satisfaction, resources, cohesion, stress, demographic and clinical data.
  
  
  
  In the multivariate analyses, 38% of the variance of PDS was explained by family income, family resources and parent stress. Having a child with SB was not predictive of PDS. However, having a child with SB, along with family satisfaction, parent stress and PDS explained 49% of the variance of FQOL. PDS partially mediate the relationship of family resources and FQOL.
  
  
  
  PDS, family stress, and resources should be evaluated routinely, especially for those with low income. Parents of AYA with SB who have elevated PDS are at increased risk of having lower reported FQOL.
authors.affiliation: Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Monique M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ridosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing Research, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.|Self-Management Science Center, College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sawin
authors.affiliation: CON Self-Management Science Center Director, UWM Clinical and Translation Science Institute University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Klein-Tasman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005195:Family Relations / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic health condition; adolescent; depressive symptoms; family quality of life; mental health; parents; spina bifida