title: Highly sensitive fluorescence detection of heparin based on aggregation-induced emission of a tetraphenylethene derivative.
abstract: Tetraphenylethene derivatives were reported for sensitive "turn on" detection of heparin (Hep) based on the typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE). In the present strategy, three derivatives of tetraphenylethene (TPE) were designed，synthesized and compared the sensitivities for the detection of Hep. Furthermore, the (Z)-4,4'-(((1,2-diphenylethene-1,2-diyl) bis(4,1-phenylene))bis (oxy))bis(butan-1-aminium) (Z-TPE-5) was the most sensitive and chosen as the probe for Hep detection. Since Hep could be employed as a medium for inducing the aggregation of positively charged Z-TPE-5, the designed Z-TPE-5 shows excellent fluorescence response to Hep through multiple electrostatic interactions with a detection limit of 1.53ng/mL, which is far below than most of the reported method for the detection of Hep. Due to the stronger affinity between Hep and protamine, Hep preferred to bind with it instead of Z-TPE-5 after the addition of protamine, so the fluorescence could be reduced. In comparison to prior studies, this developed strategy here not only simplifies the preparation procedure of the fluorescent probes but also can be applied in sensitive determination of Hep with good accuracy. Moreover, the detection of Hep with Z-TPE-5 was not interfered by Hep analogues, such as chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, as well as in the matrix of human serum.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Tai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Jinyang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Xinghu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuluo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China. Electronic address: zhkhe@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhike
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002082:Butylamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D005453:Fluorescence; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006493:Heparin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002082:Butylamines; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013267:Stilbenes; C000615611:Z-TPE-5 compound; D006493:Heparin
keywords: Fluorescence; Heparin; Tetraphenylethene; Turn-on detection