title: The relationship between serum vitamin D level and premenstrual syndrome in Iranian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is among the most unfavorable problems in women in reproductive age; however its pathophysiology is still not fully confirmed. Vitamin D as an immunomodulator could prevent inflammatory state before and during menstruation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to investigate whether there is any relationship between serum vitamin D levels and PMS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 82 women participate in this case-control study which was conducted in Shahid Akbar-abadi hospital from November 2013 to March 2015. Categorization was based on an Iranian version of the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST). Levels of 25 hydroxy-vitamin D3 (25OHD) were determined by using 25-OH Vitamin D ELISA kit in luteal phase. Characteristics of participants and vitamin D levels were compared between two groups by using independent sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Menarche age of women with PMS was significantly lower than normal women (p=0.04). Body mass index was not statistically different between groups. We observed a high rate of vitamin D deficiency and also its severe deficiency in both PMS and non-PMS groups. However, our study demonstrated no significant difference in the levels of serum 25OHD between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems there is no association between PMS and serum levels of vitamin D3; however, the high rate of vitamin D deficiency among young Iranian women emerges special health care considerations in this group.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajaei
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar-abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akbari Sene
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar-abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Norouzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar-abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yasrin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Berangi
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar-abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sahereh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arabian
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Akbar-abadi Hospital IVF Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parvaneh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lak
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dabbagh
keywords: Body mass index; Menarche; Premenstrual dysphonic disorder; Premenstrual syndrome; Vitamin D