title: Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterms Resuscitated With Different Oxygen Fractions.
abstract: Stabilization of preterm infants after birth frequently requires oxygen supplementation. At present the optimal initial oxygen inspiratory fraction (Fio2) for preterm stabilization after birth is still under debate. We aimed to compare neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants at 24 months corrected age randomly assigned to be stabilized after birth with an initial Fio2of 0.3 versus 0.6 to 0.65 in 3 academic centers from Spain and the Netherlands.
  
  
  
  Randomized, controlled, double-blinded, multicenter, international clinical trial enrolling preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation assigned to an initial Fio2of 0.3 (Lowox group) or 0.6 to 0.65 (Hiox group). During stabilization, arterial pulse oxygen saturation and heart rate were continuously monitored and Fio2was individually titrated to keep infants within recommended ranges. At 24 months, blinded researchers used the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) to assess visual acuity, neurosensory deafness, and language skills.
  
  
  
  A total of 253 infants were recruited and 206 (81.4%) completed follow-up. No differences in perinatal characteristics, oxidative stress, or morbidities during the neonatal period were assessed. Mortality at hospital discharge or when follow-up was completed didn't show differences between the groups. No differences regarding Bayley-III scale scores (motor, cognitive, and language composites), neurosensorial handicaps, cerebral palsy, or language skills between groups were found.
  
  
  
  The use of an initial lower (0.3) or higher (0.6-0.65) Fio2during stabilization of extremely preterm infants in the delivery room does not influence survival or neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boronat
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguar
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rook
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iriondo
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brugada
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cernada
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nuñez
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cubells
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center-Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goudoever
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain; maximo.vento@uv.es.|Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Máximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vento
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D062071:Infant, Extremely Premature; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013030:Spain; D015996:Survival Rate