title: Antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities of Stachys guyoniana and Mentha aquatica.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stachys guyoniana Noë ex. Batt. and Mentha aquatica L. are two Algerian Lamiaceae used in folk medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  n-Butanol (BESG), ethyl acetate (EESG) and chloroform (CESG) extracts of S. guyoniana and methanol (MEMA) and chloroform (CEMA) aerial part extracts of M. aquatica and methanol (MERMA) and acetone (AERMA) roots extracts of M. aquatica were evaluated for their antioxidant activity by the β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH•and ABTS•+scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The anticholinesterase activity was tested against AChE and BChE. The antibacterial activity was assessed by MICs determination against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella heidelberg, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes and Morganella morganii strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the β-carotene test, the CESG (IC50: 2.3 ± 1.27 μg/mL) exhibited the highest activity. The BESG was the best scavenger of DPPH•(IC50: 2.91 ± 0.14 μg/mL). In the ABTS test, AERMA was the most active (IC50: 4.21 ± 0.28 μg/mL). However, with the CUPRAC, the BESG exhibited the best activity (A0.50: 0.15 ± 0.05 μg/mL) and was active in metal chelating assay with 48% inhibition at 100 μg/mL. The BESG was the best AChE inhibitor (IC50: 5.78 ± 0.01 μg/mL) however, the AERMA showed the highest BChE inhibitory activity (IC50: 19.23 ± 1.42 μg/mL). The tested extracts exhibited a good antibacterial activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antibacterial potential of S. guyoniana and M. aquatica, which fits in well with their use in folk medicine.
authors.affiliation: a Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST) , Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine , Constantine , Algeria.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferhat
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University , Muğla , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.affiliation: a Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST) , Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine , Constantine , Algeria.
authors.forename: Khadidja Aya
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Beladjila
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University , Muğla , Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Çetintaş
authors.affiliation: a Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST) , Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine , Constantine , Algeria.
authors.forename: Mehmet Emin
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duru
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Mugla Sıtkı Koçman University , Muğla , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Öztürk
authors.affiliation: a Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST) , Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine , Constantine , Algeria.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabouche
authors.affiliation: a Département de chimie, Laboratoire d'Obtention de Substances Thérapeutiques (LOST) , Université des frères Mentouri-Constantine , Constantine , Algeria.
authors.forename: Zahia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kabouche
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D027541:Mentha / Q000737:chemistry*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D031366:Stachys / Q000737:chemistry*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002712:Chlorides; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D019207:beta Carotene; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; D003300:Copper; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase; C024555:ferric chloride
keywords: ABTS+; CUPRAC; DPPH; agar dilution; cholinesterase inhibitory activity; metal chelating; β-carotene/linoleic acid