title: Searching for novel modes of toxic actions of oil spill using E. coli live cell array reporter system - A Hebei Spirit oil spill study.
abstract: Oil is a complex mixture of numerous compounds. Therefore, oil spills near shore can cause various adverse effects on coastal ecosystems. However, most toxicological assessments conducted on oil spill sites have focused on limited modes of toxic actions. In the present study, we utilized the Escherichia coli (E. coli) live cell array system (LCA) to identify novel modes of toxicities of the oil spill-affected sediments. For this purpose, sediment samples were collected from an area heavily polluted by Hebei Spirit oil spill (HSOS) incident of 2007. A total of 93 E. coli reporter genes were used to study responses to the chemicals in the mixture. E. coli K12 strains were exposed to extracts of oil or the sediment, and changes in gene expression were measured. Exposure to extracts of crude and weathered oil resulted in decreased expression in ∼30% of tested genes. However, changes in expression observed after exposure to sediment extracts varied. Sediment extracts containing large concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) caused down-regulation of >70% of the genes, while extracts containing lesser total concentrations of PAHs exhibited different trends: genes involved in drug resistance were generally up-regulated, while genes responsive to DNA damage were up-regulated in only two extracts. Results suggest that oil pollution can modulate several toxic response pathways related to DNA repair and antibiotic responses. Results from LCA obtained from the sediment and oil samples were different from those observed in the H4IIE-luc assay. Toxicological implications of such observations deserve further examination. Overall, LCA is a promising tool for screening samples and identifying potential modes of toxicities of environmental samples associated with oil spills.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Korea Environment Institute, Sejong, 30147, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dawoon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sangwoo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Cheolmin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyesoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seongjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Un Hyuk
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje, 53201, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Joon
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences & Toxicology Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Khim
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China. Electronic address: zhangxw@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyungho@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D048168:Escherichia coli K12 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly
keywords: Environmental stress responsive genes; Live cell array; Oil spill; Sediment