title: Measurements of humpback whale song sound levels received by a calf in association with a singer.
abstract: Male humpback whales produce loud "songs" on the wintering grounds and some sing while escorting mother-calf pairs, exposing them to near-continuous sounds at close proximity. An Acousonde acoustic and movement recording tag deployed on a calf off Maui, Hawaii captured sounds produced by a singing male escort. Root-mean-square received levels ranged from 126 to 158 dB re 1 μPa. These levels represent rare direct measurements of sound to which a newly born humpback calf may be naturally exposed by a conspecific, and may provide a basis for informed decisions regarding anthropogenic sound levels projected near calves.
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Biology and LOHE Bioacoustics Laboratory, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Adam A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.affiliation: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, USA.
authors.forename: Whitlow W L
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, California 95039, USA.
authors.forename: Alison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Stimpert
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D006254:Hawaii; D050640:Humpback Whale; D063346:Singing; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014828:Vocalization, Animal