title: An individually tailored behavioral medicine treatment in physical therapy for tension-type headache - two experimental case studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the effect of an individually tailored behavioral medicine treatment in physical therapy, based on a functional behavioral analysis (FBA), for tension-type headache (TTH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two case studies with A1-A2-B-A3 design of two patients with TTH was conducted. Outcome variables were headache frequency, headache index (mean intensity), consumption of analgesics, self-efficacy in headache management (Headache Management Self-efficacy Scale [HMSE]), disability, and perceived loss of happiness for activities with family and friends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that headache frequency and headache index decreased for one of the patients. Self-efficacy in headache management increased markedly for both patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A behavioral medicine treatment in physical therapy based on an FBA can be a way for physical therapists to handle patients with TTH. Future investigations should focus on large group studies with longer observation periods.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Söderlund
authors.affiliation: Fysiokliniken Västra Aros AB, Västerås, Sweden.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lagerlöf
keywords: functional behavioral analysis; headache index; loss of happiness; self-efficacy