title: Th2 Cells in Health and Disease.
abstract: Helper T (Th) cell subsets direct immune responses by producing signature cytokines. Th2 cells produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are important in humoral immunity and protection from helminth infection and are central to the pathogenesis of many allergic inflammatory diseases. Molecular analysis of Th2 cell differentiation and maintenance of function has led to recent discoveries that have refined our understanding of Th2 cell biology. Epigenetic regulation of Gata3 expression by chromatin remodeling complexes such as Polycomb and Trithorax is crucial for maintaining Th2 cell identity. In the context of allergic diseases, memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells have been identified in both mice and humans. To better understand these disease-driving cell populations, we have developed a model called the pathogenic Th population disease induction model. The concept of defined subsets of pathogenic Th cells may spur new, effective strategies for treating intractable chronic inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.|AMED-CREST, AMED, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshinori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.|Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; email: tnakayama@faculty.chiba-u.jp , hiraharak@chiba-u.jp , a-onodera@faculty.chiba-u.jp , san3tamariayuyu@chiba-u.jp , hiroyuki@caltech.edu , kenta.shinoda@nih.gov , Damon.Tumes@sahmri.com , yokamoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp.|South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: Damon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tumes
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015848:Interleukin-5; C497422:KMT2A protein, human; D063146:Polycomb-Group Proteins; D051788:Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein; D015847:Interleukin-4; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase
keywords: Gata3; Polycomb; Th2; Trithorax; allergy; epigenetics; pathogenic Th2 cell