title: Maintenance Fluid Therapy: Isotonic Versus Hypotonic Solutions.
abstract: The goal of maintenance fluid therapy in small animals is to replace normal ongoing losses of water and salts when oral intake is withheld. Hospitalized dogs and cats may have multiple stimuli for antidiuretic hormone release that disrupt normal osmoregulation and predispose to water retention. Severe illness promotes retention of both sodium and water as edema. Commercially available fluids have electrolyte concentrations that are very different from dietary maintenance requirements, and potential consequences include development of hypoosmolality, edema, or both when excesses of water or sodium are administered. Suggestions for tailoring fluid administration toward specific goals are provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA. Electronic address: bdhansen@ncsu.edu.
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital, North Carolina State University, 1052 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vigani
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D006706:Homeostasis; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions
keywords: Hyponatremia; Intravenous fluids; Maintenance requirements; Tonicity; Volume overload