title: Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide ameliorates ROS generation and apoptosis in spleen and thymus of immunosuppressed mice.
abstract: Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) is a bioactive compound with antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PSG-1 on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in spleen and thymus of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. The results showed that PSG-1 protected mice against CTX-mediated immunosuppression, as evidenced by enhancing the ratios of thymus and spleen weights to body weight, promoting T cell and B cell survival, and increasing levels of TNF-α and IL-2. Apoptosis, ROS generation and lipid peroxidation in the immune organs of the immunosuppressed animals were ameliorated by PSG-1. The immune benefits of PSG-1 were associated with the enhancement of the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the immune organs, implying that antioxidant activities of PSG-1 may play an important role in PSG-1-evoked immune protection. Taken together, these findings have demonstrated that PSG-1 may ameliorate CTX-induced immunosuppression through reducing apoptosis and oxidative damage in immunological system.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne 50933, Germany.
authors.forename: Weng-Ya
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, No. 999 XueFu Road, Nanchang 330031, China.
authors.forename: Le-Feng
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Qian
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: China People's Liberation Army No.94 Hospital, No.1028, Jinggangshan Avenue, Nanchang 330000, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. Electronic address: myxie@ncu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming-Yong
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000975:Antioxidants; D011134:Polysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D003520:Cyclophosphamide
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Apoptosis; Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide; Immune organ; Reactive oxygen specie