title: Music intervention during daily weaning trials-A 6 day prospective randomized crossover trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of patient-selected music intervention during daily weaning trials for patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a crossover repeated measures design, patients were randomized to music vs no music on the first intervention day. Provision of music was alternated for 6 days, resulting in 3 music and 3 no music days. During weaning trials on music days, data were obtained for 30min prior to music listening and continued for 60min while patients listened to selected music (total 90min). On no music days, data were collected for 90min. Outcome measures were heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), blood pressure (BP), dyspnea and anxiety assessed with a visual analog scale (VAS-D, VAS-A) and weaning duration (meanh per day on music and non-music days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 31 patients randomized, 23 completed the 6-day intervention. When comparisons were made between the 3 music and 3 no music days, there were significant decreases in RR and VAS-D and a significant increase in daily weaning duration on music days (p<0.05). A multivariate mixed-effects model analysis that included patients who completed ≥2 days of the intervention (n=28) demonstrated significant decreases in HR, RR, VAS-A, and VAS-D and a significant increase in daily weaning duration on music days (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Providing patient selected music during daily weaning trials is a simple, low-cost, potentially beneficial intervention for patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation. Further study is indicated to test ability of this intervention to promote weaning success and benefits earlier in the weaning process.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida College of Nursing, Tampa, FL 33612, United States. Electronic address: zliang@health.usf.edu.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
authors.forename: Dianxu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
authors.forename: JiYeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, College of Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Happ
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
authors.forename: Marylyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hravnak
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music / Q000523:psychology*; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods
keywords: Anxiety; Dyspnea; Music intervention; Prolonged mechanical ventilation; Weaning