title: Validation of the Cepheid GeneXpert for Detecting Ebola Virus in Semen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA persistence in semen, reported sexual transmission, and sporadic clusters at the end of the 2013-2016 epidemic have prompted recommendations that male survivors refrain from unprotected sex unless their semen is confirmed to be EBOV free. However, there is no fully validated assay for EBOV detection in fluids other than blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cepheid Xpert Ebola assay for EBOV RNA detection was validated for whole semen and blood using samples obtained from uninfected donors and spiked with inactivated EBOV. The validation procedure incorporated standards from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and Good Clinical Laboratory Practices guidelines for evaluating molecular devices for use in infectious disease testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The assay produced limits of detection of 1000 copies/mL in semen and 275 copies/mL in blood. Limits of detection for both semen and blood increased with longer intervals between collection and testing, with acceptable results obtained up to 72 hours after specimen collection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cepheid Xpert Ebola assay is accurate and precise for detecting EBOV in whole semen. A validated assay for EBOV RNA detection in semen informs the care of male survivors of Ebola, as well as recommendations for public health.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Amy James
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Loftis
authors.affiliation: Phebe Hospital PCR Laboratory, Suokoko, Bong County, Liberia.
authors.forename: Saturday
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quellie
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chason
authors.affiliation: Phebe Hospital PCR Laboratory, Suokoko, Bong County, Liberia.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sumo
authors.affiliation: Phebe Hospital PCR Laboratory, Suokoko, Bong County, Liberia.
authors.forename: Mason
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toukolon
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Management, Africa, Hinckley, Ohio.
authors.forename: Yonnie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otieno
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Heinzfried
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ellerbrok
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: Marcia M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Management, Africa, Hinckley, Ohio.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Management, Africa, Hinckley, Ohio.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dube
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wohl
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D003264:Containment of Biohazards; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000097:blood / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Cepheid Xpert.; Ebola; Semen; Validation