title: Birch-Type Hydrogenation of Few-Layer Graphenes: Products and Mechanistic Implications.
abstract: Few-layer graphenes, supported on Si with a superficial oxide layer, were subjected to a Birch-type reduction using Li and H2O as the electron and proton donors, respectively. The extent of hydrogenation for bilayer graphene was estimated at 1.6-24.1% according to Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic data. While single-layer graphene reacts uniformly, few-layer graphenes were hydrogenated inward from the edges and/or defects. The role of these reactive sites was reflected in the inertness of pristine few-layer graphenes whose edges were sealed. Hydrogenation of labeled bilayer (12C/13C) and trilayer (12C/13C/12C) graphenes afforded products whose sheets were hydrogenated to the same extent, implicating passage of reagents between the graphene layers and equal decoration of each graphene face. The reduction of few-layer graphenes introduces strain, allows tuning of optical transmission and fluorescence, and opens synthetic routes to long sought-after films containing sp3-hybridized carbon.
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Renming University of China , Beijing 100782, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Yeon
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wontaek
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schilter
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mandakini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biswal
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Baowen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.|School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zonghoon
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.|Division of Advanced Materials Science, POSTECH , Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sunmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.|Department of Energy Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Bielawski
authors.affiliation: CEMES-CNRS and University of Toulouse , 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Wolfgang S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Bacsa
authors.affiliation: Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.|Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.|School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST , Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Rodney S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ruoff