title: Manipulation and Immobilization of a Single Fluorescence Nanosensor for Selective Injection into Cells.
abstract: Manipulation and injection of single nanosensors with high cell viability is an emerging field in cell analysis. We propose a new method using fluorescence nanosensors with a glass nanoprobe and optical control of the zeta potential. The nanosensor is fabricated by encapsulating a fluorescence polystyrene nanobead into a lipid layer with 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6'-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (SP), which is a photochromic material. The nanobead contains iron oxide nanoparticles and a temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye, Rhodamine B. The zeta potential of the nanosensor switches between negative and positive by photo-isomerization of SP with ultraviolet irradiation. The positively-charged nanosensor easily adheres to a negatively-charged glass nanoprobe, is transported to a target cell, and then adheres to the negatively-charged cell membrane. The nanosensor is then injected into the cytoplasm by heating with a near-infrared (NIR) laser. As a demonstration, a single 750 nm nanosensor was picked-up using a glass nanoprobe with optical control of the zeta potential. Then, the nanosensor was transported and immobilized onto a target cell membrane. Finally, it was injected into the cytoplasm using a NIR laser. The success rates of pick-up and cell immobilization of the nanosensor were 75% and 64%, respectively. Cell injection and cell survival rates were 80% and 100%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. hashim@biorobotics.mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp.|Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. hashim@biorobotics.mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hairulazwan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. hisataka@mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. masuda@mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Micro-Nano Systems Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan. arai@mech.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fumihito
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; C050115:1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitroindolene-2-spiro-2-benzopyran
keywords: cell injection; fluorescence sensor; nanosensor; photochromism; zeta potential