title: Regulation of T helper cell differentiation by E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes.
abstract: CD4 T cells are essential components of adaptive immunity and play a critical role in anti-pathogenic or anti-tumor responses as well as autoimmune and allergic diseases. Naive CD4 T cells differentiate into distinct subsets of T helper (Th) cells by various signals including TCR, costimulatory and cytokine signals. Accumulating evidence suggests that these signaling pathways are critically regulated by ubiquitination and deubiquitination, two reversible posttranslational modifications mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), respectively. In this review, we briefly introduce the signaling pathways that control the differentiation of Th cells and then focused on the roles of E3s- and DUBs-mediated ubiquitin modification or demodification in regulating Th cell differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
authors.forename: Si-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China. Electronic address: lindandan@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D000072017:Deubiquitinating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism*; D054875:Ubiquitination
chemical_list: D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000072017:Deubiquitinating Enzymes
keywords: Deubiquitinating enzymes; E3 ubiquitin ligases; T helper cell differentiation