title: Reduced inattention and hyperactivity and improved cognition after marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) supplementation in children and adolescents with clinical and subclinical symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of a marine oil extract (PCSO-524®) on inattention, hyperactivity, mood and cognition in children and adolescents. PCSO-524® is a standardised lipid extract of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel and is an inflammatory modulator that inhibits the 5'-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways and decreases concentrations of the pro-inflammatory arachidonic acid (AA).
  
  
  
  PCSO-524® or a matched placebo was administered for 14 weeks to 144 participants (123 males/21 females; mean age 8.7 years) with high hyperactivity and inattention in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The primary outcome was the Conners Parent Rating Scale assessing parental reports of behavioural problems. Secondary outcomes assessed changes in cognition and mood.
  
  
  
  The results of the present study did not support the hypothesis that PCSO-524® improves parental reports of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity in children ages 6 to 14 years over placebo. Repeated measures ANOVA on post hoc subsample analysis indicated significant improvements in hyperactivity (p = 0.04), attention (p = 0.02), learning (p = 0.05) and probability of ADHD (p = 0.04) with a medium to large average effect size (d = 0.65) in those children who did not meet criteria for combined hyperactivity and inattention. Furthermore, significant improvements in the PCSO-524® group were indicated in a whole sample repeated measures ANCOVA on recognition memory between baseline and week 8 over placebo (p = 0.02, d = 0.56); this difference was not sustained at week 14.
  
  
  
  The results presented indicate that PCSO-524® may be beneficial in reducing levels of hyperactivity and inattention in a population of children with clinical and subclinical symptoms of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kean
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.|Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Clinic, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarris
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scholey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silberstein
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
authors.forename: Luke A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218 (H24), Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia. cstough@swin.edu.au.
authors.forename: Con
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stough
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D000069463:Olive Oil; D014815:Vitamins; C418997:lyprinol; D014810:Vitamin E
keywords: ADHD; Attention; Children; Cognition; Green-lipped mussel; Hyperactivity; Marine oil; Mood; Omega-3