title: Bioactivity-guided isolation of anti-proliferative compounds from endemic Centaurea kilaea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genus Centaurea L. (Asteraceae) is one of the largest genera in Turkey. Compounds and extracts obtained from different Centaurea species have significant anti-cancer activity against various cancer cell lines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anti-proliferative activity of isolates from the chloroform extract of C. kilaea Boiss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven compounds were isolated using column chromatography and preparative TLC from the chloroform extract of aerial parts of endemic C. kilaea. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods, including UV,lH-NMR and13C-NMR. Anti-proliferative activity of compounds (0.5-50 μg/mL) were measured against one normal cell line (L-929, mouse fibroblast) and three human cancer cell lines (Hela, cervix carcinoma; MCF-7, breast carcinoma; PC-3, prostate carcinoma) using MTT assay. Results were expressed as IC50values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the 11 compounds displayed activity against L-929 and HeLa. Two of these compounds, cnicin and cirsimaritin, showed fairly strong activity against MCF-7 and PC-3 with IC50values of 3.25 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report on cirsimaritin. Cirsimaritin and cnicin could serve as potential anti-cancer drug candidates against breast and prostate cancer, respectively.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozbas Turan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Marmara University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bitis
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D031179:Centaurea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Asteraceae; breast cancer; cirsimaritin; cnicin; prostate cancer