title: Aqueous extract of Securidaca longipendunculata Oliv. and Olax subscropioidea inhibits key enzymes (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) linked with Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plants have historically been used to treat neurodegerative diseases which include Alzheimer's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the antioxidant properties and inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Securidaca longipendunculata root and Olax subscropioidea leaf on the cholinergic system in rat brain in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous extracts (1:20 w/v) of S. longipendunculata root and O. subscropioidea leaf was prepared and the ability of the extract to inhibit the activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase was evaluated as well as antioxidants as typified by 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS•) radical scavenging ability and Fe chelation spectophotometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABTS•radical scavenging ability showed that S. longipendunculata (0.075 Mmol TEAC/100 g) had a higher scavenging ability than O. subscropioidea (0.07 Mmol TEAC/100 g). Also, the Fe2+chelating ability of both extracts revealed that S. longipendunculata (IC50=105.57 g/mL) had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher Fe2+chelating ability than O. subscropioidea (IC50=255.84 g/mL). Extracts of S. longipendunculata and O. subscropioidea inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities. However, S. longipendunculata (IC50=108.02 g/mL) has the higher AChE inhibitory activity than O. subscropioidea (IC50=110.35 g/mL). Also, both extracts inhibit BChE activity in vitro but S. longipendunculata (IC50=82.55 g/mL) had a higher BChE inhibitory activity than O. subscropioidea (IC50=108.44 g/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mechanism by which S. longipendunculata root and O. subscropioidea leaf perform their anti-Alzheimer's disease activity may be by their inhibition on the key enzymes linked to this disease.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , Adekunle Ajasin University , Akungba Akoko , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Jamiu A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Saliu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado Ekiti , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ayodeji A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Olabiyi
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D052160:Benzothiazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D031656:Olacaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018517:Plant Roots; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D031802:Securidaca / Q000737:chemistry*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C002502:2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase
keywords: Neurodegenative disease; antioxidant; brain; cholinergic system; natural product