title: Arsenic-enrichment enhanced root exudates and altered rhizosphere microbial communities and activities in hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata.
abstract: Phytoremediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil by hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata is promising. A better understanding of the rhizosphere microbial dynamics that regulate As availability and plant growth is important to optimize the phytoremediation process. In this study, Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was applied to assess the rhizosphere microbial community structure of P. vittata. Microbial functionality was monitored by soil enzyme activities and MPN-PCR targeting genes of interest. Arsenic (100mgkg-1AsV) addition to soil significantly increased DOC, root exudates, As and P uptake and the frond biomass of P. vittata. Moreover, As-enrichment significantly increased soil enzyme activities involved in N, P and S cycling and the gene abundance of As transforming bacteria, Fe- and S-reducing bacteria and N and C fixing bacteria in the rhizosphere of P. vittata. Together, the results revealed that the combined selective pressure of As and rhizosphere resulted in stimulation of microbial community, which most likely has a role in reductive dissolution of Fe and S, As and P mobilization, C degradation and fixation, and N fixation. These changes appeared to have a role in mitigation of As toxicity and to promote growth and the As uptake ability of P. vittata under As-enriched conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Institute of Agricultural Science and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suvendu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mon-Lin
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Electronic address: jiinshuh@mail.ncku.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Jiin-Shuh
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jean
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huai-Jen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Science and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pil Joo
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000588:Amines / Q000737:chemistry; D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002384:Catalysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053147:Plant Exudates / Q000737:chemistry*; D032495:Pteris / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D007477:Ions; D053147:Plant Exudates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Arsenic; Illumina sequencing; P. vittata; Rhizosphere; Soil enzymes