title: Single-shot mega-electronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction for structure dynamic studies of warm dense matter.
abstract: We have developed a single-shot mega-electronvolt ultrafast-electron-diffraction system to measure the structural dynamics of warm dense matter. The electron probe in this system is featured by a kinetic energy of 3.2 MeV and a total charge of 20 fC, with the FWHM pulse duration and spot size at sample of 350 fs and 120 μm respectively. We demonstrate its unique capability by visualizing the atomic structural changes of warm dense gold formed from a laser-excited 35-nm freestanding single-crystal gold foil. The temporal evolution of the Bragg peak intensity and of the liquid signal during solid-liquid phase transition are quantitatively determined. This experimental capability opens up an exciting opportunity to unravel the atomic dynamics of structural phase transitions in warm dense matter regime.
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physics and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, D-47048 Duisburg, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sokolowski-Tinten
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Weathersby
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coffee
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Makasyuk
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edstrom
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jobe
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hast
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Glenzer
authors.affiliation: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang