title: Evaluation of Renal Parenchyma Elasticity With Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Quantification in Nutcracker Syndrome and Comparisons With Grayscale Doppler Sonography and Laboratory Findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate renal parenchymal elasticity with Virtual Touch quantification of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in nutcracker syndrome and to compare shear-wave velocity (SWV) values with grayscale Doppler sonography and laboratory findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight healthy volunteers and forty-three nutcracker syndrome patients were enrolled in this prospective study. SWV values for both kidneys in nutcracker syndrome patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated. Grayscale Doppler ultrasound and laboratory findings were obtained and compared with SWV values in both nutcracker syndrome patients and healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In nutcracker syndrome patients, SWV values for the left kidney were significantly lower than those for the right kidney (n = 43; 1.93 ± 0.43 m/s vs 2.53 ± 0.45 m/s [P < .001]). Healthy volunteers' SWV values for both kidneys had no statistically significant differences. There was a statistically significant difference between nutcracker syndrome patients and healthy volunteers for the SWV values and body mass index values. There was no statistically significant correlation between SWV values of nutcracker syndrome patients and age, gender, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, vein diameter ratio, peak velocity ratio, or resistive indices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging offers new, additional information on the affected left kidney parenchymal changes in nutcracker syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tumay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bekci
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceyhan Bilgici
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gurkan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tekcan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veysel Polat
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Statistics, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Leman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tomak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D059228:Renal Nutcracker Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: ARFI; Doppler sonography; acoustic radiation force impulse; nutcracker syndrome; pediatrics; sonoelastography