title: Adhesion of Yeast and Bacteria to Oral Surfaces.
abstract: Colonization of surfaces in the human body by microorganisms is an early, essential, step in the initiation of infectious disease. We have developed in vitro assays to investigate interactions between yeast or bacterial cells and human tissues, fluids, or prostheses. Such assays can be used to identify the adhesins, ligands, and receptors involved in these interactions, for example, by determining which components of the microbe or human tissue/fluid interfere with adherence in the assay. The assays can also be applied to finding ways of preventing adhesion, and subsequent disease, by investigating the effects of different conditions and added compounds on adherence in the in vitro assays.Here we describe assays for measuring adhesion of the oral yeast Candida albicans, a common commensal and opportunistic pathogen, or the bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is not normally pathogenic but is known to form biofilms on medical prostheses. The assays described belong to two approaches to investigating adhesion and biofilm formation: (1) retention at a fixed time point following liquid washes and (2) retention against a continuous flow of medium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand. richard.cannon@otago.ac.nz.|Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago School of Dentistry, 71 Frederick Street, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. richard.cannon@otago.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago School of Dentistry, 71 Frederick Street, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.|Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Karl M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago School of Dentistry, 71 Frederick Street, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.|Department of Oral Rehabilitation, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newsham-West
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Sciences, University of Otago School of Dentistry, Dunedin, New Zealand.|Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago School of Dentistry, 71 Frederick Street, P.O. Box 647, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ann R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D015003:Yeasts / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Adhesion; Biofilm; Candida albicans; Colonization; Epithelial cells; Hydroxyapatite; Polymethyl methacrylate; Saliva; Silicone; Staphylococcus epidermidis