title: History of Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Movement Disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The frontiers of clinical medicine constantly expand as a result of the innovative efforts of visionary researchers and keen observations of seasoned clinicians. In medicine, rarely has a therapeutic agent been found efficacious in the management of so many symptoms and in such a relatively short time as botulinum toxin. One of the most notable contributions of botulinum toxin therapy in clinical medicine is in the field of movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The English literature was searched using the Yale search engine including but not limited to PubMed and Ovid. The search includes articles from January 1 1980 to March 1 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2055 articles were identified. Of these, 132 met the criteria for this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This historical review highlights early and seminal contributions that have introduced the application of botulinum toxins in the field of movement disorders and provides evidence-based contributions that have established botulinum toxin as an effective treatment for abnormal movements.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jabbari
keywords: Movement disorders; abobotulinumtoxinA; botulinumtoxin; dystonia; incobotulinumtoxinA; onabotulinumtoxinA; rimabotulinum toxinB