title: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and hematologic malignancy: a systematic review of case reports and case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) are well described. Patients with hematologic neoplasms may share some of these characteristics, and it may be useful clinically to better understand this set of patients. Our objective is to review systematically the characteristics of patients with both hematologic malignancies and NAION.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with NAION diagnosis related in time to a hematologic neoplasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data sources for the study included MEDLINE, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, and OpenGrey. The study eligibility criteria included case reports and case series.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 261 records, with 15 studies included plus our case report. A total of 19 patients (8 female) with mean age of 54.6 years (range, 12-87) were analyzed: 37% (7) non-Hodgkin lymphoma; 26% (5) myeloproliferative neoplasms; 21% (4) myelodysplasia; 16% (3) leukemias. The limitations included verification bias, inability to test statistical association between NAION and hematologic neoplasms, the small number of cases, and confounding factors related to medical history and specific interventions in each case limited the robustness of our conclusions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results identified the characteristics of patients with NAION and hematologic neoplasms related in time. Additional observational studies may enlighten the importance of looking for evidence of an occult neoplastic disorder in patients presenting with NAION. A prompt diagnosis would be of invaluable significance for the best management, in terms of follow-up and therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Santa Maria, Ophthalmology, Lisbon, PT; Centro de Estudos Ciências da Visão, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT.
authors.forename: David Cordeiro
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, PT.
authors.forename: Filipe Brogueira
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT; Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, PT.
authors.forename: Gonçalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Santa Maria, Ophthalmology, Lisbon, PT; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Santa Maria, Ophthalmology, Lisbon, PT; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT.
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PT.. Electronic address: davidsousa@medicina.ulisboa.pt.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vaz-Carneiro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018917:Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014792:Visual Acuity