title: Complications in pediatric endoscopy.
abstract: The experience of the "endoscopic community" in pediatric patients is limited, but during recent years increased skills of the endoscopists and technological improvements lead to a standardization of pediatric endoscopy and the development of specialized pediatric endoscopy unit. Adverse events related to diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy in children are usually rare. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of complications in pediatric endoscopy is crucial when dealing with benign diseases in children. The complication rate of diagnostic EGD and colonoscopy in children are extremely low. Therapeutic procedures have obviously an increased rate of adverse events. Esophageal dilations are the most common indication for endoscopic therapy in children and can lead to perforations which requires prompt diagnosis and management. Complications of ERCP in pediatric age are similar to those reported in adults. The experience in pediatric emergency endoscopy (mainly foreign body removal) is consolidated and related adverse events extremely rare. Sedation of children during endoscopy maybe needs further evaluation and standardization, to reduce the rate of specific complications.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: andrea.tringali@unicatt.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tringali
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: valerio.balassone@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Balassone
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy and Surgery Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: paoladeangelis.opbg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Angelis
authors.affiliation: Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: landi.rosario@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D054810:Deep Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects; D004106:Dilatation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000628:therapy; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant
keywords: Adverse events; Anesthesia; Bleeding; Complications; Endoscopy; Foreign body extraction; Pediatrics; Polypectomy; Sedation; Stenting