title: Changes in resting-state connectivity in musicians with embouchure dystonia.
abstract: Embouchure dystonia is a highly disabling task-specific dystonia in professional brass musicians leading to spasms of perioral muscles while playing the instrument. As they are asymptomatic at rest, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in these patients can reveal changes in functional connectivity within and between brain networks independent from dystonic symptoms.
  
  
  
  We therefore compared embouchure dystonia patients to healthy musicians with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in combination with independent component analyses.
  
  
  
  Patients showed increased functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor mouth area and right secondary somatosensory cortex, but reduced functional connectivity of the bilateral sensorimotor hand representation, left inferior parietal cortex, and mesial premotor cortex within the lateral motor function network. Within the auditory function network, the functional connectivity of bilateral secondary auditory cortices, right posterior parietal cortex and left sensorimotor hand area was increased, the functional connectivity of right primary auditory cortex, right secondary somatosensory cortex, right sensorimotor mouth representation, bilateral thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex was reduced. Negative functional connectivity between the cerebellar and lateral motor function network and positive functional connectivity between the cerebellar and primary visual network were reduced.
  
  
  
  Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of sensorimotor representations of affected and unaffected body parts suggests a pathophysiological predisposition for abnormal sensorimotor and audiomotor integration in embouchure dystonia. Altered connectivity to the cerebellar network highlights the important role of the cerebellum in this disease. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haslinger
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Noé
authors.affiliation: Institut für Musikphysiologie und Musikermedizin, Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mantel
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0632-7085
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dresel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music
keywords: dystonia; fMRI; functional connectivity; musician; resting-state