title: Blood pressure levels and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage after ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) levels and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after ischemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a post hoc analysis of data from the Prevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding Second Strokes (PRoFESS) trial, a randomized clinical trial including 20,332 patients with recent noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. BP measurements were divided into predefined categories. We calculated incidence rates per BP category and performed multivariable Cox regression analysis with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) categories as time-dependent covariables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-three ICHs occurred during 50,778 person-years of follow-up, resulting in an incidence rate of 2.6 per 1,000 person-years. The incidence rate of ICH increased with increasing SBP and DBP categories. Risk of ICH was significantly higher in patients with SBP ≥160 mm Hg (hazard ratio 2.27, 95% confidence interval 1.34-3.86) compared with those with SBP of 130-<140 mm Hg and in patients with DBP ≥100 mm Hg (hazard ratio 3.08, 95% confidence interval 1.78-5.34) compared with those with DBP of 80-<90 mm Hg. The association between SBP or DBP and ICH did not differ by ischemic stroke subtype (p = 0.55 and 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients with recent noncardioembolic ischemic stroke, the risk of ICH is high. High SBP and DBP are associated with an increased risk of ICH. The association between BP and ICH is not dependent on ischemic stroke subtype.
authors.affiliation: From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (N.A.H., J.P.G., A.A.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.A., C.J.M.K.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Neurology (C.J.M.K.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. N.A.Hilkens-3@umcutrecht.nl.
authors.forename: Nina A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hilkens
authors.affiliation: From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (N.A.H., J.P.G., A.A.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.A., C.J.M.K.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Neurology (C.J.M.K.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacoba P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Greving
authors.affiliation: From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (N.A.H., J.P.G., A.A.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.A., C.J.M.K.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Neurology (C.J.M.K.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Algra
authors.affiliation: From the Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care (N.A.H., J.P.G., A.A.) and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.A., C.J.M.K.), Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht; and Department of Neurology (C.J.M.K.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Catharina J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Klijn
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology