title: Anti-inflammatory and in-vitro antibacterial activities of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Qingdaisan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Qingdaisan (Formulated Indigo powder, QDS) are widely used for treatment of aphtha, sore throat and bleeding gums in China. The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and dental ulcer therapeutic effects of QDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dimethylbenzene-induced ear edema test and cotton pellet-induced granuloma test were used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activities of QDS on acute and chronic inflammatory. The healing time and local pathologic changes were used to assess the therapeutic effects of QDS on dental ulcer. The antibacterial activities of each component and the whole formulation of QDS were determined by agar well diffusion assay. High-dose and low-dose QDS were tested in this experiment and Gui Lin Watermelon Frost Powder (GLWFP) was used as positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral treatment with QDS significantly accelerated the healing of ulcerative lesions induced by phenol injury. The dental ulcers of high-dose QDS group were all healed within 6 days. It was shorter than those of low-dose QDS group and GLWFP group. Less quantity of inflammatory cells and plenty fibroblasts were observed in pathological section of QDS groups. QDS also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity both in acute and chronic animal models. Although some of the components exhibited antibacterial activities, the whole formulation of QDS didn't show any significant antibacterial activity in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that QDS has obviously anti-inflammatory activity for both acute and chronic inflammatory, also has a remarkable effect for healing dental ulcer caused by phenol. QDS didn't have antibacterial activity to selected strains in vitro.
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People's Republic of China. xianzhaoxinghua@163.com.|Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People's Republic of China. xianzhaoxinghua@163.com.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, No. 2596 Lekai South Street, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuhui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031219:Isatis / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019226:Oral Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C530990:Qingdai compound
keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity; Dental ulcer; In vitro antimicrobial effect; Qingdaisan