title: cDNA-AFLP analysis of transcripts induced in chickpea plants by TiO2nanoparticles during cold stress.
abstract: We evaluated the effect of TiO2nanoparticles (NPs) on cold tolerance (CT) development in two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes (Sel96Th11439, cold tolerant, and ILC533, cold susceptible) by using cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) technique during the first and sixth days of cold stress (CS) at 4 °C. Selective amplification by primer combinations generated 4200 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs) while 100 of them (2.62%) were differentially expressed. During CS, 60 differentially expressed TDFs of TiO2NPs-treated plants were cloned and 10 of them produced successfully readable sequences. These data represented different groups of genes involved in metabolism pathways, cellular defense, cell connections and signaling, transcriptional regulation and chromatin architecture. Two out of 10 TDFs were unknown genes with uncharacterized functions or sequences without homology to known ones. The network-based analysis showed a gene-gene relationship in response to CS. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed differential expression of identified genes (six out of 10 TDFs) with potential functions in CT and showed similar patterns with cDNA-AFLP results. An increase in transcription level of these TDFs, particularly on the first day of CS, was crucial for developing CT through decreasing electrolyte leakage index (ELI) content in tolerant plants compared to susceptible ones, as well as in TiO2NPs-treated plants compared to control ones. It could also indicate probable role of TiO2NPs against CS-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, a new application of TiO2NPs in CT development is suggested for preventing or controlling the damages in field conditions and increasing crop productivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran. Electronic address: rmamiri@ut.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maali-Amiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
authors.forename: Rahmat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyyedeh-Sanam
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kazemi-Shahandashti
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D054458:Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis; D029863:Cicer / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016622:Silver Staining; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004573:Electrolytes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Chickpea; Cold responses; Gene expression; Oxidative stress; TiO2 nanoparticles; cDNA-AFLP