title: Thermally triggered release of the bacteriophage endolysin CHAPKand the bacteriocin lysostaphin for the control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus infections of the skin and soft tissue pose a major concern to public health, largely owing to the steadily increasing prevalence of drug resistant isolates. As an alternative mode of treatment both bacteriophage endolysins and bacteriocins have been shown to possess antimicrobial efficacy against multiple species of bacteria including otherwise drug resistant strains. Despite this, the administration and exposure of such antimicrobials should be restricted until required in order to discourage the continued evolution of bacterial resistance, whilst maintaining the activity and stability of such proteinaceous structures. Utilising the increase in skin temperature during infection, the truncated bacteriophage endolysin CHAPKand the staphylococcal bacteriocin lysostaphin have been co-administered in a thermally triggered manner from Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive nature of the PNIPAM polymer has been employed in order to achieve the controlled expulsion of a synergistic enzybiotic cocktail consisting of CHAPKand lysostaphin. The point at which this occurs is modifiable, in this case corresponding to the threshold temperature associated with an infected wound. Consequently, bacterial lysis was observed at 37°C, whilst growth was maintained at the uninfected skin temperature of 32°C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Hollie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hathaway
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jude
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ajuebor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Liam
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, T12 P928, Ireland.
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Microscopy and Analysis Suite, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.affiliation: Technology Development Group, Public Health England, Porton Down, SP4 0JG, UK.
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. Electronic address: a.t.a.jenkins@bath.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A Toby A
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jenkins
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001430:Bacteriocins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D001435:Bacteriophages; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008248:Lysostaphin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001430:Bacteriocins; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide; D010450:Endopeptidases; D008248:Lysostaphin; C001143:endolysin
keywords: Bacteriocin; Bacteriophage endolysin; PNIPAM; Thermal release