title: Predicting Survival After Irradiation of Metastases from Transitional Carcinoma of the Bladder.
abstract: For patients with metastatic bladder cancer, radiotherapy is a good option to control symptoms and improve outcomes. Potential prognostic factors for survival including the radiation dose were investigated.
  
  
  
  Ten factors were evaluated in 63 patients for association with survival after irradiation namely age, gender, performance status, initial T-category, initial N-category, metastases at initial diagnosis, number of metastases, metastatic sites, radiation dose and time from diagnosis of metastases to irradiation.
  
  
  
  On univariate analysis, survival was negatively associated with Karnofsky performance score (KPS) ≤70 (p=0.033), initial N-category ≥1 (p=0.026) and radiation doses given as equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2) <20 Gy. Doses >30 Gy were slightly superior to 20-30 Gy. On multivariate analysis, EQD2 (p=0.015) maintained its significance; a trend was found for N-category (p=0.063) and KPS (p=0.073).
  
  
  
  Predictors for survival after irradiation of metastases from bladder cancer were identified. Radiation doses ≥20 Gy should be used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manig
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany LKaesmann@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Käsmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.|Private Practice of Radiation Oncology, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rades
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*
keywords: Bladder cancer; irradiation; metastases; predictive factors; radiation dose