title: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: morphological and molecular features implicated in progression.
abstract: The spread of mammographic screening programmes around the world, including in developing countries, has substantially contributed to the diagnosis of small non-palpable lesions, which has increased the detection rate of DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ). DCIS is heterogeneous in several ways, such as its clinical presentation, morphology and genomic profile. Excellent outcomes have been reported; however, many questions remain unanswered. For example, which patients groups are overtreated and could instead benefit from minimal intervention and which patient groups require a more traditional multidisciplinary approach. The development of a comprehensive integrated analysis that includes the radiological, morphological and genetic aspects of DCIS is necessary to answer these questions. This review focuses on discussing the significant findings about the morphological and molecular features of DCIS and its progression that have helped to uncover the biological and genetic heterogeneity of this disease. The knowledge gained in recent years might allow the development of tailored clinical management for women with DCIS in the future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Center of Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-900, Brazil dirce.carraro@cipe.accamargo.org.br.|National Institute of Science and Technology in Oncogenomics (INCITO), São Paulo, SP 01509-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dirce M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biology, International Center of Research, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP 01509-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eliana V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, S.P. 01509-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Victor P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans
keywords: Breast cancer; Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); cancer progression; epithelial cells; invasive breast carcinoma (IBC); microenvironment