title: Metabolic Control of Tobacco Pollination by Sugars and Invertases.
abstract: Pollination in flowering plants is initiated by germination of pollen grains on stigmas followed by fast growth of pollen tubes representing highly energy-consuming processes. The symplastic isolation of pollen grains and tubes requires import of Suc available in the apoplast. We show that the functional coupling of Suc cleavage by invertases and uptake of the released hexoses by monosaccharide transporters are critical for pollination in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). Transcript profiling, in situ hybridization, and immunolocalization of extracellular invertases and two monosaccharide transporters in vitro and in vivo support the functional coupling in supplying carbohydrates for pollen germination and tube growth evidenced by spatiotemporally coordinated expression. Detection of vacuolar invertases in maternal tissues by these approaches revealed metabolic cross talk between male and female tissues and supported the requirement for carbohydrate supply in transmitting tissue during pollination. Tissue-specific expression of an invertase inhibitor and addition of the chemical invertase inhibitor miglitol strongly reduced extracellular invertase activity and impaired pollen germination. Measurements of (competitive) uptake of labeled sugars identified two import pathways for exogenously available Suc into the germinating pollen operating in parallel: direct Suc uptake and via the hexoses after cleavage by extracellular invertase. Reduction of extracellular invertase activity in pollen decreases Suc uptake and severely compromises pollen germination. We further demonstrate that Glc as sole carbon source is sufficient for pollen germination, whereas Suc is supporting tube growth, revealing an important regulatory role of both the invertase substrate and products contributing to a potential metabolic and signaling-based multilayer regulation of pollination by carbohydrates.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Anne
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2507-4175
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guivarćh
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hirsche
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Martin Andreas
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bauerfeind
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: María-Cruz
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Tae Kyung
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Seung Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chriqui
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Engelke
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.).|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.).|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.).|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.).|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.).
authors.forename: Dominik K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Großkinsky
authors.affiliation: Institut für Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (M.G., T.R.); roitsch@plen.ku.dk.|Laboratoire de Cytologie Expérimentale et Morphogenèse Végétale, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France (A.G., D.C.); roitsch@plen.ku.dk.|Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Würzburg, Julius von Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany (J.H., M.A.B., M.-C.G., T.K.H., S.H.E., T.E., T.R.); roitsch@plen.ku.dk.|Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, College of Agricultural, Life, and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea (T.K., S.H.E.); roitsch@plen.ku.dk.|Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark (D.K.G., T.R.); and roitsch@plen.ku.dk.|Global Change Research Centre, Czech Globe AS CR, Cz-664 24 Drásov, Czech Republic (T.R.) roitsch@plen.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roitsch
mesh_terms: D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D006601:Hexoses / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053205:Pollen Tube / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development; D054817:Pollination / Q000187:drug effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006601:Hexoses; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; C045621:miglitol; D017485:1-Deoxynojirimycin; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase