title: Remediation of Cr (VI) by inorganic-organic clay.
abstract: Application of inorganic-organic clays (IOCs) for the remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) and the effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) were investigated. IOCs were better adsorbents for the removal of Cr (VI) than organoclay. Solution pH significantly affected the surface charge of IOCs and speciation of Cr in the solution; hence, the adsorption of Cr onto IOCs. Pseudo-second order model and Langmuir model were the best fit for the kinetics and equilibrium data, indicating chemisorption and formation of monolayer on homogenous adsorption sites, respectively. Cr (VI) adsorption by IOCs was driven by electrostatic interactions between positively charged IOC surfaces and HCrO4-anions. The IOC adsorption capacity for Cr (VI) correlates with the amount of loosely held ODTMA on the external surface of the clay. Involvement of an anion-exchange reaction was suggested in which the counter halide ions of the cationic surfactants were replaced by HCrO4-anions. Cr (VI) adsorption was not affected by the presence of BPA in the medium and two mechanisms for the adsorption of BPA and Cr (VI) were suggested. Partial reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) was observed on the surface of IOC and the reducing agent responsible was suggested to be the Fe (II) in montmorillonite.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: rmsuramyaindunil.rathnayake@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Suramya I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Rathnayake
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: w.martens@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Wayde N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: y.xi@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: r.frost@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ray L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nanotechnology and Molecular Science, School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia. Electronic address: g.ayoko@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Godwin A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Ayoko
keywords: Bisphenol-A adsorption; Hexavalent chromium; Inorganic–organic montmorillonite; Reduction; Simultaneous adsorption; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy