title: Metabolism of HT-2 Toxin and T-2 Toxin in Oats.
abstract: TheFusariummycotoxins HT-2 toxin (HT2) and T-2 toxin (T2) are frequent contaminants in oats. These toxins, but also their plant metabolites, may contribute to toxicological effects. This work describes the use of13C-assisted liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry for the first comprehensive study on the biotransformation of HT2 and T2 in oats. Using this approach, 16 HT2 and 17 T2 metabolites were annotated including novel glycosylated and hydroxylated forms of the toxins, hydrolysis products, and conjugates with acetic acid, putative malic acid, malonic acid, and ferulic acid. Further targeted quantitative analysis was performed to study toxin metabolism over time, as well as toxin and conjugate mobility within non-treated plant tissues. As a result, HT2-3-O-β-d-glucoside was identified as the major detoxification product of both parent toxins, which was rapidly formed (to an extent of 74% in HT2-treated and 48% in T2-treated oats within one day after treatment) and further metabolised. Mobility of the parent toxins appeared to be negligible, while HT2-3-O-β-d-glucoside was partly transported (up to approximately 4%) through panicle side branches and stem. Our findings demonstrate that the presented combination of untargeted and targeted analysis is well suited for the comprehensive elucidation of mycotoxin metabolism in plants.
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. jacqueline.reiterer@boku.ac.at.|Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. jacqueline.reiterer@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng-Reiterer
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. christoph.bueschl@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueschl
authors.affiliation: Biotechnological Processes Campus-Tulln, University of Applied Sciences, Wr. Neustadt, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 10, Tulln 3430, Austria. justyna.rechthaler@tulln.fhwn.ac.at.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rechthaler
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. franz.berthiller@boku.ac.at.|Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. franz.berthiller@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. marc.lemmens@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.affiliation: Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 20, Tulln 3430, Austria. rainer.schuhmacher@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schuhmacher
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena / Q000378:metabolism*; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin
keywords: cereals; liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry; masked mycotoxins; metabolomics; stable isotopic labelling; type A trichothecenes; xenobiotics