title: Local control and intermediate-term cosmetic outcome following IMRT for nasal tumors : An update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to evaluate local control and intermediate-term cosmetic outcome in patients with cancer of the nose treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).
  
  
  METHODS
  From June 2008 to September 2015, 36 consecutive patients presenting with nasal cavity, ala of the nose, or nasal vestibule tumors were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich either postoperatively (n = 14; 3/14 with nasal ablation) or with definitive IMRT (n = 22). Of these 36 patients, 8 presented with recurrent disease after surgery only and 1/36 with N1 disease. Concurrent systemic therapy was administered in 18/36 patients (50%). Nasal follow-up (FU) imaging documentation of 13 patients with preserved organ and >6 months FU offers a pre/post IMRT FU comparison. In addition, these patients' subjective evaluation of cosmesis was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean/median FU was 41/33 months (range 5-92 months). Salvage ablation with curative intent was undergone by 3 patients with local relapse after definitive (n = 2) and postoperative (n = 1) IMRT. The 3‑year local control, ultimate local control, and overall survival rates were 90, 97, and 90 %, respectively. Subjective and objective cosmetic outcome after IMRT is very satisfying so far.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IMRT for nasal tumors was found to be effective and well tolerated. Intermediate-term cosmetic results are good. Radical surgical procedures may be saved for curative salvage treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.|Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.|Institute for Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Glanzmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holzmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Head Neck Cancer Center, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistr. 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland. Gabriela.Studer@usz.ch.|Institute for Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland. Gabriela.Studer@usz.ch.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D059351:Organ Sparing Treatments / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology*; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: IMRT and nose; Toxicity; cosmesis; nasal tumors; treatment tolerance