title: Association of resting heart rate and cardiovascular disease mortality in hypertensive and normotensive rural Chinese.
abstract: Studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated death (CVD death) with increased resting heart rate (RHR); however, whether the association is consistent in rural Chinese with hypertension and normotension is unknown. We examined the association of RHR and CVD death by hypertension and normotension status in rural Chinese people.
  
  
  
  Baseline data for 20,069 participants ≥18 years old were collected during July to August of 2007 and July to August of 2008; 17,151 (85.5%) participants were followed up in July to August of 2013 and July to October of 2014. The association of RHR and CVD death was determined by Cox proportional hazards regression.
  
  
  
  During a mean of 5.88 years (100,889 person-years) of follow-up, we recorded 479 CVD deaths (309 in hypertensive participants). CVD death increased significantly with increasing RHR, beginning from 80 beats per minute (bpm), for hypertensive and normotensive participants. After adjusting for pulse pressure and other covariates, for hypertensive participants, risk of CVD death was increased with RHR 80-89 and ≥90bpm. However, for normotensive participants, risk of CVD death was increased with only RHR≥90bpm.
  
  
  
  Risk of CVD death was associated with elevated RHR for both hypertensive and normotensive rural Chinese, and for hypertensive participants, even slightly elevated RHR was associated with CVD death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chengyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chongjian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Center of Preventive Medicine Research and Assessment, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jinjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bingyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Health Care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Health Care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Health Care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianping
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Prevention and Health Care, Military Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingzhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lxp@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hud@szu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D012424:Rural Population
keywords: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Mortality; Resting heart rate