title: Rice Koji Extract Enhances Lipid Metabolism through Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPARα) Activation in Mouse Liver.
abstract: Koji is made from grains fermented with Aspergillus oryzae and is essential for the production of many traditional Japanese foods. Many previous studies have shown that koji contributes to the improvement of dyslipidemia. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanism of this effect. Furthermore, the compound contributing to the activation of lipid metabolism is unknown. We demonstrated that rice koji extract (RKE) induces the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) target genes, which promotes lipid metabolism in murine hepatocytes. This effect was not observed in PPARα-KO hepatocytes. We also demonstrated that RKE contained linolenic acid (LIA), oleic acid (OA), and hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs), which activate PPARα, using LC-MS analysis. Our findings suggest that RKE, containing LIA, OA, and HODEs, could be valuable in improving dyslipidemia via PPARα activation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamakari
authors.affiliation: Marukome Company, Ltd. , Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Marukome Company, Ltd. , Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ichijo
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Food Science, Nara Women's University , Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.affiliation: Nutrition & Food Science, Nara Women's University , Nara, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.|Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto, Japan.|Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University , Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000378:metabolism*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: LC-MS; PPARα; fatty acid oxidation; hepatocytes; oxylipin