title: High HIV incidence among young black men who have sex with men: constructing a retrospective cohort from a community health programme.
abstract: We sought to calculate HIV incidence in a retrospective cohort of young (13-29 years old) black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) accessing repeated HIV-antibody testing in a mid-size city in the USA.
  
  
  
  We aggregated site-specific HIV-antibody testing results from the project's inception among YBMSM who received an initial negative result and accessed at least one additional HIV-antibody test. From these data, we assessed number of seroconversions and person-years and calculated HIV incidence using a mid-P exact test to estimate 95% CIs.
  
  
  
  Five seroconversions were documented over 42.3 person-years (the mean age at first onsite test: 19.7 years), resulting in an HIV incidence rate of 11.8% (95% CI 4.3% to 26.2%). The mean age at seroconversion was 20.4 (±3.0) years.
  
  
  
  Even in mid-size cities with low HIV prevalence rates in the general population, HIV incidence among YBMSM may be high. Community-based HIV-antibody testing organisations serving YBMSM should be encouraged and trained to track repeated HIV testing and calculate HIV incidence rates. Increased resources should be deployed to develop and encourage regular HIV testing in community health sites serving YBMSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: M Reuel
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Nayck B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Feliz
authors.affiliation: Community Human Services, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jess
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Derrick D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ron D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Stall
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh AIDS Center for Treatment, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Ken S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Krier
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for LGBT Health Research, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silvestre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000208:ethnology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ADOLESCENT; EPIDEMIOLOGY (GENERAL); HIV; HIV TESTING; HOMOSEXUALITY