title: Differentiation of Staphylococcus argenteus (formerly: Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex 75) by mass spectrometry from S. aureus using the first strain isolated from a wild African great ape.
abstract: The species Staphylococcus argenteus was separated recently from Staphylococcus aureus (Tong S.Y., F. Schaumburg, M.J. Ellington, J. Corander, B. Pichon, F. Leendertz, S.D. Bentley, J. Parkhill, D.C. Holt, G. Peters, and P.M. Giffard, 2015). The objective of this work was to characterise the genome of a non-human S. argenteus strain, which had been isolated from the faeces of a wild-living western lowland gorilla in Gabon, and analyse the spectrum of this species in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The full genome sequence revealed a scarcity of virulence genes and absence of resistance genes, indicating a decreased virulence potential compared to S. aureus and the human methicillin-resistant S. argenteus isolate MSHR1132T. Spectra obtained by MALDI-TOF MS and the analysis of available sequences in the genome databases identified several MALDI-TOF MS signals that clearly differentiate S. argenteus, the closely related Staphylococcus schweitzeri and S. aureus. In conclusion, in the absence of biochemical tests that identify the three species, mass spectrometry should be employed as method of choice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Dominik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rickmeyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gajdiss
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Dept. Molecular Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thye
authors.affiliation: Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Dept. Molecular Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reif
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Michaele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Josten
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szekat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Luís D R
authors.initials: LDR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Ricarda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Schmithausen
authors.affiliation: UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-UM MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Centre IRD France-Sud, 911, Avenue Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liégeois
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Georg
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Sahl
authors.affiliation: CIRMF (Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: CIRMF (Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville), BP 769 Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud Str. 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany. Electronic address: g.bierbaum@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bierbaum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000662:veterinary; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005681:Gabon; D006071:Gorilla gorilla; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Gorilla gorilla ssp. gorilla; MALDI-TOF MS; Staphylococcus argenteus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus schweitzeri; Virulence determinants