title: Evaluation of Immunostimulatory Effects of N-(2-Hydroxy) Propyl-3-Trimethylammonium Chitosan Chloride for Improving Live Attenuated Hepatitis A Virus Vaccine Efficacy.
abstract: This study was to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of N-(2-hydroxy) propyl-3-trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (HTCC) as an adjuvant for improving a commercial live attenuated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine efficacy in mice. Mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally immunized with a solution of HTCC and live attenuated HAV vaccine. And for those injected with sterile water, HTCC or live attenuated HAV vaccine were treated as mock group, negative group, and positive group in turn. The serum HAV-specific IgG titers and the ratios of the serum HAV-specific IgG2a/IgG1 in the experimental group were significantly increased (p = 0.00042 and p = 0.040, respectively). Splenocyte proliferation stimulation index in experimental group was higher than positive group (p = 0.021), and significantly higher than mock group and negative group (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.0050, respectively). The percentages of CD4+T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in experimental group were significantly higher than positive group, negative group, and mock group (p = 0.012, p = 0.012, and p = 0.045, respectively). Compared to the other three groups, experimental group showed a slightly higher ratio of CD4+/CD8+, but there were no significant differences (p > 0.05). In the percentages of CD8+T lymphocytes, there were no significant differences among the four groups (p > 0.05). HTCC can enhance live attenuated HAV vaccine to generate stronger humoral responses and induce a Th1-biased immune response, as well as IgG2a class switching, compared with the live attenuated HAV vaccine alone. This study validated an important concept for further development of a safe and potent vaccine adjuvant.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Zhuojing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Ruxi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering , Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China .
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C572320:N-((2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl)chitosan chloride; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: HTCC; adjuvant; hepatitis A virus