title: Peroxiredoxin 6 in the repair of peroxidized cell membranes and cell signaling.
abstract: Peroxiredoxin 6 represents a widely distributed group of peroxiredoxins that contain a single conserved cysteine in the protein monomer (1-cys Prdx). The cys when oxidized to the sulfenic form is reduced with glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the π isoform of GSH-S-transferase. Three enzymatic activities of the protein have been described:1) peroxidase with H2O2, short chain hydroperoxides, and phospholipid hydroperoxides as substrates; 2) phospholipase A2(PLA2); and 3) lysophosphatidylcholine acyl transferase (LPCAT). These activities have important physiological roles in antioxidant defense, turnover of cellular phospholipids, and the generation of superoxide anion via initiation of the signaling cascade for activation of NADPH oxidase (type 2). The ability of Prdx6 to reduce peroxidized cell membrane phospholipids (peroxidase activity) and also to replace the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl group through hydrolysis/reacylation (PLA2and LPCAT activities) provides a complete system for the repair of peroxidized cell membranes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Medicine of the Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 1 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: abf@upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Aron B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D008243:1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D019281:Dimerization; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009249:NADP / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D054465:Peroxiredoxin VI / Q000737:chemistry*; D054467:Phospholipases A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D009249:NADP; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D054465:Peroxiredoxin VI; D008243:1-Acylglycerophosphocholine O-Acyltransferase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Anti-oxidant defense; Lysophospholipid acyl transferase; NADPH oxidase; Phospholipase A(2); Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; Phospholipid remodeling