title: Variety of Antimicrobial Resistances and Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Meat Products Legally and Illegally Introduced to Germany.
abstract: Food products of animal origin can serve as a vehicle for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, a facultative pathogen involved in a variety of diseases. As a result, international trade and illegal transportation of foodstuffs can facilitate the distribution of S. aureus over long distances. In this study, we investigated S. aureus isolates recovered from meat products confiscated from passengers returning from non-EU countries at two German airports and from samples of legally imported meats from non-EU countries. The aim was to characterize isolates in regard to their genetic relatedness as well as their antimicrobial resistance profiles and major virulence factors in order to assess potential risks associated with these products. The isolates were characterized by spa typing, MLST, macrorestriction analysis, microarray analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. MRSA isolates were further characterized by dru typing. The characteristics of the majority of the isolates indicated a human origin, rather than an association with livestock. The results further revealed a considerable heterogeneity among the MRSA isolates, despite their common origin. Overall, a plenitude of major virulence factors and antimicrobial resistances was detected among the isolates, highlighting the potential risks associated with contaminated meat products and the transportation of such products among different countries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seinige
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.|Integrated Veterinary Research Unit, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium.
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ehricht
authors.affiliation: Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany.|InfectoGnostics research campus, Jena, Germany.|Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monecke
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kehrenberg
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005858:Germany; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence