title: Integrated Compensatory Responses in a Human Model of Hemorrhage.
abstract: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of trauma-related deaths, partly because early diagnosis of the severity of blood loss is difficult. Assessment of hemorrhaging patients is difficult because current clinical tools provide measures of vital signs that remain stable during the early stages of bleeding due to compensatory mechanisms. Consequently, there is a need to understand and measure the total integration of mechanisms that compensate for reduced circulating blood volume and how they change during ongoing progressive hemorrhage. The body's reserve to compensate for reduced circulating blood volume is called the 'compensatory reserve'. The compensatory reserve can be accurately evaluated with real-time measurements of changes in the features of the arterial waveform measured with the use of a high-powered computer. Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) has been shown to simulate many of the physiological responses in humans associated with hemorrhage, and is used to study the compensatory response to hemorrhage. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate how compensatory reserve is assessed during progressive reductions in central blood volume with LBNP as a simulation of hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston; U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, JBSA Fort Sam Houston; victor.a.convertino.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Victor A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Convertino
authors.affiliation: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hinojosa-Laborde
authors.affiliation: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Muniz
authors.affiliation: Tactical Combat Casualty Care Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston; U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001810:Blood Volume; D006339:Heart Rate; D006470:Hemorrhage; D006801:Humans; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008962:Models, Theoretical