title: A re-audit of the technical quality of undergraduate root canal treatment after the introduction of new technology and teaching practices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To revaluate through re-audit the technical quality of undergraduate nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCTx) in a dental teaching hospital as a result of recommended changes to teaching practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technical quality of undergraduate RCTx was evaluated radiographically after educational changes and the mandatory introduction of new technologies (nickel-titanium files, apex locators, greater taper gutta-percha points) in 182 root canals. Evaluation was based on four criteria: presence of voids, root canal filling termination (0-2 mm of radiographic apex), all roots filled and the prepared canal contained the original anatomy. Chi-squared analysis was used to determine statistically significant improvements in quality between the respective audits (P < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three of the 40 canals in single-rooted teeth (57.5%) and 68 of the 129 (52.7%) canals in multirooted teeth analysed had an acceptable root filling. This compared with 48% of canals in single-rooted teeth and 38% of canals in multirooted teeth in the original audit. Specifically, the frequency of root canal voids and unsatisfactory apical root filling termination were reduced in multirooted teeth by 23% and 14% and in single-rooted teeth by 11% and 12%, respectively, compared with the original audit. When multirooted teeth were taken as one unit, 45.2% were considered to be acceptable, significantly better than the 18.8% multirooted teeth in the original audit (P = 0.042). Deviations from the canal anatomy on radiographic examination were rare findings in both audits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes to endodontic teaching practices significantly improved the technical standards of undergraduate root filling in multirooted teeth. The regular auditing of undergraduate teaching practice is necessary to inform current teaching, instigate change and improve standards.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: H F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-2379
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Duncan
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013663:Teaching
keywords: audit; root canal treatment; technical quality; undergraduate students