title: Four-year follow-up of a Wilson disease pedigree complicated with epilepsy and hypopituitarism: Case report with a literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper metabolism with excellent prognosis if treated timely. However, WD is usually prone to neglect and misdiagnosis at an early stage. We reported a rare WD pedigree, and the clinical features, laboratory tests, and gene mutations were analyzed in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a 17-year-old and 136-cm-tall girl who presented with limb weakness, combined with multi-organ disorders including blind eye, epilepsy, and hypopituitarism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical tests showed a low serum ceruloplasmin level, high urinary copper excretion and Kayser-Fleischer (K-F) rings. She carried a compound heterozygous mutations in ATP7B gene (c.2828G>A and c.3884C>T). Her younger brother, as an asymptomatic patient, manifested with elevation of transaminases but without neurological and hepatic symptoms. They were diagnosed as WD finally.
  
  
  METHODS
  They were treated with sodium dimercaptosulphonate, supplemented with zinc gluconate, vitamin B6, vitamin C, as well as restriction of dietary copper.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urinary copper excretion and serum transaminase level decreased gradually. The abnormal signals in brainstem and basal ganglia were also remarkably decreased after 4-year of de-copper treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As to the patients with complicated clinical manifestations, the extrapyramidal symptom and basal ganglia signals should be concerned. The serum ceruloplasmin detection and ATP7B gene mutation screening are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fuzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liu-Qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wan-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007018:Hypopituitarism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D035002:Lower Extremity; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D010375:Pedigree; D018570:Risk Assessment