title: Murine model of long-term obstructive jaundice.
abstract: With the recent emergence of conjugated bile acids as signaling molecules in cancer, a murine model of obstructive jaundice by cholestasis with long-term survival is in need. Here, we investigated the characteristics of three murine models of obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  
  C57BL/6J mice were used for total ligation of the common bile duct (tCL), partial common bile duct ligation (pCL), and ligation of left and median hepatic bile duct with gallbladder removal (LMHL) models. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier method. Fibrotic change was determined by Masson-Trichrome staining and Collagen expression.
  
  
  
  Overall, 70% (7 of 10) of tCL mice died by day 7, whereas majority 67% (10 of 15) of pCL mice survived with loss of jaundice. A total of 19% (3 of 16) of LMHL mice died; however, jaundice continued beyond day 14, with survival of more than a month. Compensatory enlargement of the right lobe was observed in both pCL and LMHL models. The pCL model demonstrated acute inflammation due to obstructive jaundice 3 d after ligation but jaundice rapidly decreased by day 7. The LHML group developed portal hypertension and severe fibrosis by day 14 in addition to prolonged jaundice.
  
  
  
  The standard tCL model is too unstable with high mortality for long-term studies. pCL may be an appropriate model for acute inflammation with obstructive jaundice, but long-term survivors are no longer jaundiced. The LHML model was identified to be the most feasible model to study the effect of long-term obstructive jaundice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Masayo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katsuta
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Partha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramanathan
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Woelfel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia.
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York. Electronic address: Kazuaki.takabe@roswellpark.org.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006500:Hepatic Duct, Common / Q000601:surgery; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL
keywords: Bile acid; Bile duct; Cholestasis; Mouse; Murine model; Obstructive jaundice; bile acid