title: Differences in allergic inflammatory responses in murine lungs: comparison of PM2.5 and coarse PM collected during the hazy events in a Chinese city.
abstract: Urban particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increase in asthma. PM2.5 (<PM2.5 μm) and coarse PM (CPM: PM2.5-PM10 μm) were collected from the air in a Chinese city during haze events. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were higher in PM2.5 than in CPM. Conversely, microbial elements LPS and β-glucan were much higher in CPM than in PM2.5. Concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, and Ti in CPM were greater than in PM2.5, while Pb, Cu and As concentrations were lower than in PM2.5. When RAW264.7 cells were treated with PM2.5 and CPM, the pro-inflammatory response in the cells was associated with the microbial element levels and attenuated partly by both polymyxin B (PMB) and N-acetylcystein (NAC). The expression of the oxidative stress response gene heme oxygenase1 was associated with PAHs levels. The exacerbating effects of the two-types of PM on murine lung eosinophilia were compared to clarify the role of toxic materials. When BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with PM2.5 or CPM (total 0.4 mg) + ovalbumin (OVA), both exacerbated lung eosinophilia along with allergy-relevant biological indicators, such as OVA-specific IgE in serum; enhancement of lung pathology when compared with counterpart samples without OVA. The exacerbating effects were greater in microbial element-rich CPM than in organic chemical-rich PM2.5. These results indicate that microbial elements have more potently exacerbating effects on the development of lung eosinophilia than do organic chemicals. In addition, oxidative stress and transition metals might be associated with the exacerbation of this negative effect.
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.|b Department of Health Sciences , Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Oita , Japan.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Sciences , Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Oita , Japan.
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Sciences , Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Oita , Japan.
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: b Department of Health Sciences , Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences , Oita , Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.affiliation: c Department of Immunology and Parasitology , School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health , Fukuoka , Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arashidani
authors.affiliation: d Environmental Health Division, Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan , and.
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: a School of Public Health, China Medical University , Shenyang , China.
authors.forename: Guifan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: e Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibamoto
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics; D010047:Ovalbumin; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D011657:Pulmonary Eosinophilia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000485:Allergens; D016207:Cytokines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D052638:Particulate Matter; D047071:beta-Glucans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse
keywords: PM2.5; coarse PM; lung eosinophilia; metals; microbial elements; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons