title: Reliability and Validity Testing of a Danish Translated Version of Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) v 1.1.
abstract: Cross-sectional.
  
  
  
  To develop a psychometrically reliable and valid Danish version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ).
  
  
  
  The SAQ was developed as a disease-specific measure of quality of life in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), specifically for younger patients, as it has more visual cues than verbal questions. A reliable and valid Danish Version is not available.
  
  
  
  A Danish version of the SAQ was developed using previously published and widely accepted guidelines. The final Danish SAQ and the Danish SRS22-R were administered to 78 AIS patients two weeks apart. Baseline and follow-up scores were compared. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlations were used to determine reliability. Correlation of SAQ domains with SRS-22R domains was calculated. Discriminative properties were compared by computing effect size and standardized response mean.
  
  
  
  Fifty-one patients returned both the baseline and follow-up questionnaires, with an average age 16 ± 3 years and 40.8 ± 28.8 days between baseline and follow-up. There were no floor or ceiling effects for SAQ Appearance. There was a low floor effect and moderate ceiling effect for SAQ Expectations. There was good to excellent internal consistency within each domain.
  
  
  
  This purpose of this study was to translate and validate a Danish version of the SAQ. Although problems were identified with items 7 and 8, the Danish SAQ is reliable and valid.
authors.affiliation: Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Ostre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark. Electronic address: Ane.simony1@rsyd.dk.
authors.forename: Ane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simony
authors.affiliation: Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Ostre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark.
authors.forename: Leah Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Carreon
authors.affiliation: Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Ostre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karen Hoejmark
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Center for Spine Surgery & Research, Middelfart Hospital, Ostre Hougvej 55, 5500 Middelfart, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Cross-cultural adaption; Idiopathic scoliosis; Spinal Appearance Questionnaire; Spinal deformity; Validation