title: Genetic diversity of the genotype VII Newcastle disease virus: identification of a novel VIIj sub-genotype.
abstract: Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of poultry caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Multiple genotypes of NDV have been circulating worldwide and NDV is continuously evolving, resulting into more diversity. Of multiple viral genotypes, VII is particularly important given that it had been associated with most recent ND outbreaks worldwide. In this study, an epidemiological investigation performed in northeastern China during 2014-2015 showed that 11 genotype VII isolates amounted to 55 percent in a total number of NDV isolates. Therefore, to evaluate the genetic diversity worldwide and epidemiological distribution in China of genotype VII NDV, a phylogenetic analysis based on the 1255 complete F gene sequences showed that VII is the most predominant genotype worldwide. A further detailed characterization on genotype VII was conducted based on the 477 complete F gene sequences from 11 isolates and 466 reference viruses available in GenBank. The results demonstrated that VII can be further divided into 8 sub-genotypes (VIIb, VIId-VIIj), indicating its complex genetic diversity. It is worthy of note that the isolation rate of VIIj is increasing recently. It emphasizes the necessity to pay close attention to the epidemiological dynamic of genotype VII NDV and highlights the importance of vaccination program.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Cong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cong
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Renfu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yixue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
authors.forename: Shengqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Xiufan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal Infectious Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: Shunlin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Qianliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
authors.forename: Mingxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. wangchunfeng@jlau.edu.cn.|Engineering Research Center of Jilin Province for Animals Probiotics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China. wangchunfeng@jlau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China. dingzhuang@jlu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China. dingzhuang@jlu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D011200:Poultry; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Diversity; Genotyping; Newcastle disease virus; VIIj