title: The Role of Rho Kinase Inhibitors in Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction.
abstract: The cornea is transparent tissue that serves as the window of the eye, allowing light to enter from the outer environment. The corneal endothelium maintains corneal transparency; thus, its dysfunction results in corneal haziness and causes severe vision loss. The only available therapeutic choice for treating corneal endothelial dysfunction has been transplantation using donor corneas; consequently, researchers have been pressed to develop new therapeutic options.
  
  
  
  The goal of the review is to provide an overview of the research into Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors in the field of corneal endothelium therapy and the potential for clinical use of ROCK inhibitors.
  
  
  
  We reported that ROCK inhibitor enhances wound healing in the corneal endothelium. We further proposed the development of ROCK inhibitors as drugs that suppress the incidence of bullous keratopathy following severe corneal endothelial damage, especially that occurring during cataract surgery, one of the leading causes of corneal transplantation. We also proposed the use of ROCK inhibitors as adjunct drugs for cell-based therapeutic treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction. ROCK inhibitors promote the engraftment of injected cultured corneal endothelial cells to the recipient cornea, thereby enabling the regeneration of corneal endothelium. Of note, we have initiated clinical research into cell injection therapy using a ROCK inhibitor as an adjunct drug.
  
  
  
  This review documents the potency of ROCK inhibitors in clinical use, both as eye drops and as adjunct drugs for cell-based therapy for the treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe. Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto. Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe 610-0321. Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koizumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
keywords: Cornea; Rho kinase; corneal endothelial dysfunction; fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy