title: Reaction time for processing visual stimulus in a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment.
abstract: To examine the reaction time when human subjects process information presented in the visual channel under both a direct vision and a virtual rehabilitation environment when walking was performed.
  
  
  
  Visual stimulus included eight math problems displayed on the peripheral vision to seven healthy human subjects in a virtual rehabilitation training (computer-assisted rehabilitation environment (CAREN)) and a direct vision environment. Subjects were required to verbally report the results of these math calculations in a short period of time. Reaction time measured by Tobii Eye tracker and calculation accuracy were recorded and compared between the direct vision and virtual rehabilitation environment.
  
  
  
  Performance outcomes measured for both groups included reaction time, reading time, answering time and the verbal answer score. A significant difference between the groups was only found for the reaction time (p = .004). Participants had more difficulty recognizing the first equation of the virtual environment.
  
  
  
  Participants reaction time was faster in the direct vision environment. This reaction time delay should be kept in mind when designing skill training scenarios in virtual environments. This was a pilot project to a series of studies assessing cognition ability of stroke patients who are undertaking a rehabilitation program with a virtual training environment. Implications for rehabilitation Eye tracking is a reliable tool that can be employed in rehabilitation virtual environments. Reaction time changes between direct vision and virtual environment.
authors.affiliation: a Surgical Simulation Research Lab , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.
authors.forename: Yerly
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: a Surgical Simulation Research Lab , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4998-7283
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinzon
authors.affiliation: a Surgical Simulation Research Lab , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D000076142:Virtual Reality
keywords: Visual reaction time; eye tracking; stroke rehabilitation; virtual reality