title: Enhanced nutrition improves growth and increases blood adiponectin concentrations in very low birth weight infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate nutrient supply is essential for optimal postnatal growth in very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight<1,500 g) infants. Early growth may influence the risk of metabolic syndrome later in life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate growth and blood metabolic markers (adiponectin, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) in VLBW infants participating in a randomized nutritional intervention study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty VLBW infants were randomized to an enhanced nutrient supply or a standard nutrient supply. Thirty-seven infants were evaluated with growth measurements until 2 years corrected age (CA). Metabolic markers were measured at birth and 5 months CA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Weight gain and head growth were different in the two groups from birth to 2 years CA (weight gain:pinteraction=0.006; head growth:pinteraction=0.002). The intervention group improved their growthz-scores after birth, whereas the control group had a pronounced decline, followed by an increase and caught up with the intervention group after discharge. At 5 months CA, adiponectin concentrations were higher in the intervention group and correlated with weight gain before term (r=0.35) and nutrient supply (0.35≤r≤0.45). Leptin concentrations correlated with weight gain after term and IGF-1 concentrations with length growth before and after term and head growth after term (0.36≤r≤0.53).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enhanced nutrient supply improved early postnatal growth and may have prevented rapid catch-up growth later in infancy. Adiponectin concentration at 5 months CA was higher in the intervention group and correlated positively with early weight gain and nutrient supply. Early nutrition and growth may affect metabolic markers in infancy.Clinical Trial Registration (ClinicalTrials.gov) no.: NCT01103219.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; e.w.blakstad@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: Elin W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Blakstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sissel J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moltu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Britt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nakstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Oslo Centre of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Marit B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Veierød
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strømmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Pétur B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Júlíusson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Astrid N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Almaas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Arild E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rønnestad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Women and Children's Division, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brække
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Per O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Iversen
keywords: IGF-1; adiponectin; leptin; metabolic syndrome; premature