title: Single-laboratory validation of an LC-MS/MS method for determining florfenicol (FF) and florfenicol amine (FFA) residues in chicken feathers and application to a residue-depletion study.
abstract: A suitable analytical method is required to study the behaviour of florfenicol (FF) and its metabolite florfenicol amine (FFA) in broiler's feathers. An LC-MS/MS method was developed, assessed and intra-laboratory-validated for FF and FFA analyses. We chose cloramphenicol-d5as an internal standard, acetone as a solvent for the extraction of the analytes and dichloromethane for the clean-up. Through LC-MS/MS analysis, we established a detection limit of 20 μg kg-1, as well as calculated quantification limits of 24.4 and 24.5 μg kg-1for FF and FFA, respectively. Validation parameters such as linearity, recovery and precision were calculated following Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. For linearity, all standard curves showed a standard coefficient greater than 0.99. Recoveries ranged from 99% to 102% for all studied concentrations. The results show that this analytical method is precise and reliable. For the depletion study, 64 Ross 308 broilers were treated with a therapeutic dosage of 10% FF during 5 consecutive days and their feathers were then analysed. Samples were drawn on days 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 post-treatments. As for the control group, 16 broiler chickens were raised under the same regime. Throughout the whole study, the detected concentrations of FF and FFA in feather samples were above 100 µg kg-1. In fact, even on day 30 post-treatment we detected concentrations of 221.8 and 28.8 µg kg-1for FF and FFA, respectively. Based on these results, we conclude that these analytes will persist for a long time and will deplete slowly in feathers of treated broiler chickens.
authors.affiliation: a Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cornejo
authors.affiliation: a Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pokrant
authors.affiliation: a Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riquelme
authors.affiliation: a Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briceño
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maddaleno
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Araya-Jordán
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Chile , Santiago , Chile.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: San Martin
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002645:Chickens; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000032:analysis; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000592:standards*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005241:Feathers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000592:standards*; D013839:Thiamphenicol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D002701:Chloramphenicol; C083312:florfenicol amine; C035534:florfenicol; D013839:Thiamphenicol
keywords: Florfenicol (FF); Florfenicol amine (FFA); LC-MS/MS; antimicrobial; feathers; residues