title: New tools for redox biology: From imaging to manipulation.
abstract: Redox reactions play a key role in maintaining essential biological processes. Deviations in redox pathways result in the development of various pathologies at cellular and organismal levels. Until recently, studies on transformations in the intracellular redox state have been significantly hampered in living systems. The genetically encoded indicators, based on fluorescent proteins, have provided new opportunities in biomedical research. The existing indicators already enable monitoring of cellular redox parameters in different processes including embryogenesis, aging, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, we summarize information about all genetically encoded redox indicators developed to date. We provide the description of each indicator and discuss its advantages and limitations, as well as points that need to be considered when choosing an indicator for a particular experiment. One chapter is devoted to the important discoveries that have been made by using genetically encoded redox indicators.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Dmitry S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bilan
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia. Electronic address: vsevolod.belousov@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vsevolod V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Belousov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D015335:Molecular Probes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C527701:enhanced cyan fluorescent protein; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: D-aminoacid oxidase; HyPer; Imaging; NAD+; NADH; NADPH; Redox probes; RoGFP