title: Percutaneous Biopsy of Retrobulbar Masses: Anatomical Considerations and MRI Guidance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obtaining adequate tissue from retrobulbar masses remains a challenge. To this end, a new method of retrobulbar mass biopsy using MRI guidance is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients (7- and 71-year-old male) with indeterminate retrobulbar masses underwent bioptic and cytological samplings using MR-compatible 18G and 20-22G needles, and multi-planar MR fluoroscopy. An inferior approach was taken to avoid injury to the optic nerve and ophthalmic arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two biopsies were completed without complication. The core biopsy resulted in a final diagnosis, whereas the cytological sampling was non-diagnostic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous MR-guided retrobulbar mass biopsy proved to be feasible and safe in the two cases described in this report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France. faramarz.edalat@gmail.com.|Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Suite D125A, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. faramarz.edalat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Faramarz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Edalat
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Roberto Luigi
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Cazzato
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnon
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsoumakidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, CHU Strasbourg Hautepierre, 1 Avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Gerlinde
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avérous
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caudrelier
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil (Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, HUS), 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67000, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005134:Eye Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D053783:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male
keywords: Biopsy; MR fluoroscopy; Retrobulbar mass