title: Impact of Chronic Kidney Insufficiency on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients that Undergo Coronary Revascularization: A Historical Review.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with poorer short and long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Even after the commencement of haemodialysis in end stage renal failure patients, mortality exceeds 20% in the first year1. More than 50% of these deaths are contributed by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), of which 20% are caused by acute myocardial infarction2. Consequent to these findings, the degree and impact of coronary revascularization on CKD patients represents a clinical challenge, especially in the setting of advanced stages of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, Singapore 169609.
authors.forename: Koh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choong Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, Singapore 169609.
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sin Yoong Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, Singapore 169608.
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kee Yi Shern
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, Singapore, Singapore 169609.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan Wei Chieh