title: Neurosarcoidosis: unusual presentations and considerations for diagnosis and management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disease characterised by non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation of unknown aetiology. Most commonly, the lungs, lymph nodes, skin and eyes are affected in sarcoidosis; however, nervous system involvement occurs in approximately 5%-15% of cases. Any part of the nervous system can be affected by sarcoidosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Herein we describe three unusual patient presentations of neurosarcoidosis, one with optic neuritis, a second with hydrocephalus and a third with cervical myelopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We include pertinent details about their presentations, imaging findings, pathology, management and clinical course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2204-5077
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Radwan
authors.affiliation: West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucke-Wold
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Ahmed
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Robadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Kymberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gyure
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009902:Optic Neuritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: hydrocephalus; neurosarcoidosis; optic neuritis