title: Characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated between 2007 and 2014 in China.
abstract: Forty-three fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strains were isolated in China from 2007 to 2014 from poultry and ostriches with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). Phylogenetic analysis showed that 28/43 strains clustered into Fowl aviadenovirus D (FAdV-D) and 9/43 strains clustered into FAdV-E. FAdV-C included three isolates of ostrich origin, one of goose origin and two of chicken origin. Based on hexon loop 1 gene sequencing analysis, these viruses were genetically related to FAdV-4, FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b and FAdV-11, of which FAdV-11 was dominant. The isolation in 2014 of three FAdV strains belonging to serotype 4 from ostrich flocks is to our knowledge the first finding of FAdV-4 infection and HPS cases in ostriches. Epidemiological analysis showed that FAdV has been circulating in northern and eastern China, where more than 50% of layers and broilers are raised. The hosts of this pathogen included broilers, layers, geese and ostriches. IBH and HPS cases had a sporadic or cluster distribution from 2007 to 2013; however, since 2014 the number of cases has increased sharply. To control FAdV, strict biosecurity protection measures are necessary and a multivalent vaccine may be needed.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Changjing
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Haiying
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dongdong
authors.affiliation: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jingjing
authors.affiliation: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Youming
authors.affiliation: Animal Diagnostic Center of the Qingdao Oland-Better Biotechnical Company, Qingdao 266101, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shouchun
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jida
authors.affiliation: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jianlin
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shouzhen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Cui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shangjin
authors.affiliation: China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao 266032, China. Electronic address: zhangyi@cahec.cn.
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China. Electronic address: yanboyin2011@163.com.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanbo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046090:Anseriformes; D000259:Aviadenovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D002645:Chickens; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020310:Struthioniformes
keywords: Control; FAdV; Phylogenetic analysis; Typing