title: Trunk Compensation During Bimanual Reaching at Different Heights by Healthy and Hemiparetic Adults.
abstract: The authors explored how trunk compensation and hand symmetry in stroke survivors and healthy controls were affected by the distance and height of virtual targets during a bimanual reaching task. Participants were asked to reach to 4 different virtual targets set at: 90% of their arm length at shoulder, xiphoid process, and knee height, and 50% of their arm length at xiphoid process height. For the stroke group, for all targets, the hands' movements were more asymmetrical than those of the healthy group, with more asymmetry observed in the direction of gravity, and trunk forward displacement values were larger and more variable. The knee targets had the largest trunk displacement values; index of curvature and trunk displacement were strongly correlated with participants' impairment scores. A strong correlation was found between the hands' asymmetry in the anterior or posterior direction for the shoulder targets, and the impairment scores. The results suggest that target height influences the degree of trunk compensation and hand symmetry during bimanual reaching by hemiparetic participants.
authors.affiliation: a RREACH: Robotics for Rehabilitation Exercise and Assessment in Collaborative Healthcare Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
authors.forename: Bulmaro A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Valdés
authors.affiliation: b Therapy Department , Sunny Hill Health Centre for Children , Vancouver , Canada.
authors.forename: Stephanie M N
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8164-6983
authors.initials: SMN
authors.lastname: Glegg
authors.affiliation: a RREACH: Robotics for Rehabilitation Exercise and Assessment in Collaborative Healthcare Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada.
authors.forename: H F Machiel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1355-980X
authors.initials: HFM
authors.lastname: Van der Loos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D010291:Paresis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D060726:Torso / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: bimanual movement; compensatory movement; kinematics; stroke; trunk