title: Clinical observation of adverse drug reactions to non-ionic iodinated contrast media in population with underlying diseases and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of non-ionic iodinated contrast media in populations with underlying diseases and risk factors and to provide guidance for more safe and rational use of iodinated contrast media (ICMs) in the clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 120,822 cases who underwent enhanced CT examination in our hospital from January 2014 to March 2016 were collected. A standardized case report form was used for data collection and analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ADRs was 0.4% and 0.44% in patients with and without underlying diseases, respectively (p = 0.378). Risk factor analysis revealed that patients with asthma had the highest incidence of ADRs, followed by patients with cardiac insufficiency and patients who were aged had the lowest incidence. There was a low incidence of ADRs in patients under metformin (0.36%) and β-adrenaline receptor antagonist (0.20%) medication. The incidence was the highest in patients with previous ADRs to ICMs (7.17%) and the lowest in those with a history of ICM usage but no previous reactions (0.32%). ADRs were more common in patients at high risk at a higher injection dose (≥100 ml; p < 0.01) and speed (≥5 ml s-1; p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of ADRs was extremely low in patients regardless of underlying diseases. Some high-risk factors have certain correlations with the occurrence of ADRs. Particular attention should be given to patients at high risk when performing enhanced CT examination. Advances in knowledge: The correlation between various risk factors and underlying diseases and ADRs was comprehensively analyzed in a large-scale population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|2 Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Junling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Nursing, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.|2 Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Weiguo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007455:Iodine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D007455:Iodine