title: α-Amyrin attenuates high fructose diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of α-amyrin (a pentacyclic triterpene) on high-fructose diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into different groups. The control group was fed normal rat chow diet. The HFD group was fed HFD (60%; w/w) for 42 days. Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg, orally, once daily) was used as a standard drug. α-Amyrin was administered in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, orally, once daily along with HFD). Plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were estimated. Changes in blood pressure, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance were measured. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) were analyzed. A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and plasma triglycerides and a significant decrease in HDL-C were observed in HFD rats as compared with control rats. Glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were also significantly impaired with HFD. α-Amyrin prevented these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Hepatic oxidative stress as well as micro- and macrovesicular fatty changes in hepatocytes caused by HFD were also attenuated by α-amyrin. α-Amyrin preserved the hepatic mRNA and protein levels of PPAR-α, which was reduced in HFD group. This study thus demonstrates that α-amyrin attenuates HFD-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Reeta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Subir Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Maulik
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Amit Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dinda
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India.
authors.forename: Yogendra Kumar
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000070601:Diet, Carbohydrate Loading / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D047493:PPAR alpha; D005632:Fructose; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C036380:beta-amyrin
keywords: PPAR-α; high-fructose diet; metabolic syndrome; oxidative stress; régime riche en fructose; stress oxydatif; syndrome métabolique; α-amyrin; α-amyrine