title: Informal Networks in Disaster Medicine.
abstract: Our study of informal networks aimed to explore information-sharing environments for the management of disaster medicine and public health preparedness. Understanding interagency coordination in preparing for and responding to extreme events such as disease outbreaks is central to reducing risks and coordination costs.
  
  
  
  We evaluated the pattern of information flow for actors involved in disaster medicine through social network analysis. Social network analysis of agencies can serve as a basis for the effective design and reconstruction of disaster medicine response coordination structures. This research used new theoretical approaches in suggesting a framework and a method to study the outcome of complex inter-organizational networks in coordinating disease outbreak response. We present research surveys of 70 health professionals from different skill sets and organizational positions during the swine influenza A (H1N1) PDM09 2009 pandemic. The survey and interviews were designed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data in order to build a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the dynamics of the inter-organizational networks that evolved during the pandemic.
  
  
  
  The degree centrality of the informal network showed a positive correlation with performance, in which the ego's performance is related to the number of links he or she establishes informally-outside the standard operating structure during the pandemic. Informal networks facilitate the transmission of both strong (ie, infections, confirmed cases, deaths in hospital or clinic settings) and weak (ie, casual acquaintances) ties.
  
  
  
  The results showed that informal networks promoted community-based ad hoc and formal networks, thus making overall disaster medicine and public health preparedness more effective. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:343-354).
authors.affiliation: 2Faculty of Engineering and IT,The University of Sydney,New South Wales,Australia.
authors.forename: Fadl
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bdeir
authors.affiliation: 3Sustainable Systems,Rothamsted Research West Common,Harpenden,Hertfordshire,United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.affiliation: 1Library and Information Management Program,Division of Information and Technology Studies,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Liaquat
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7616-9182
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hossain
mesh_terms: D019058:Community Networks / Q000639:trends*; D054597:Disaster Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods; D036301:Qualitative Research; D060756:Social Networking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: H1N1; disaster medicine; informal coordination; social networks