title: Assessment of population exposure to PM2.5for mortality in China and its public health benefit based on BenMAP.
abstract: Along with the rapid socioeconomic development, air pollution in China has become a severe problem. One component of air pollution, in particular, PM2.5has aroused wide public concern because of its high concentration. In this study, data were collected from over 900 monitoring sites of the newly constructed PM2.5monitoring network in China. The interpolation methods were used to simulate the PM2.5exposure level of China especially in rural areas, thus reflecting the spatial variation of PM2.5pollution. We calculated the health benefit caused by PM2.5in China in 2014 based on Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), assuming achievement of China National Ambient Air Quality Standard (No. GB3095-2012). By reducing the annual average concentration of PM2.5to the annual Grade II standard (35 μg/m3), the avoided deaths for cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and lung cancer could reach 89,000 (95% CI, 8000-170,000), 47,000 (95% CI, 3000-91,000) and 32,000 (95% CI, 6000-58,000) per year using long term health function, respectively. The attributable fractions of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease and lung cancer to all cause were 42%, 22% and 15%, respectively. The total economic benefits for rolling back the concentration of PM2.5to the level of 35 μg/m3were estimated to be 260 (95%CI: (73, 440) billion RMB and 72 (95%CI: (45, 99) billion RMB using willingness to pay (WTP) and human capital (HC) methods, respectively, which account for 0.40% (95%CI: (0.11%, 0.69%) and 0.11% (95%CI: (0.07%, 0.15%) of the total annual Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of China in 2014.
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Mengshuang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Suhuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Yanling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China. Electronic address: baizp@craes.org.cn.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: College of Urban and Environmental Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China. Electronic address: zhongliang_wang@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhongliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D059066:Gross Domestic Product; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D011634:Public Health; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: BenMAP; China; Economic benefit; Health benefit; PM(2.5)