title: How to Establish a Bioregenerative Life Support System for Long-Term Crewed Missions to the Moon or Mars.
abstract: To conduct crewed simulation experiments of bioregenerative life support systems on the ground is a critical step for human life support in deep-space exploration. An artificial closed ecosystem named Lunar Palace 1 was built through integrating efficient higher plant cultivation, animal protein production, urine nitrogen recycling, and bioconversion of solid waste. Subsequently, a 105-day, multicrew, closed integrative bioregenerative life support systems experiment in Lunar Palace 1 was carried out from February through May 2014. The results show that environmental conditions as well as the gas balance between O2and CO2in the system were well maintained during the 105-day experiment. A total of 21 plant species in this system kept a harmonious coexistent relationship, and 20.5% nitrogen recovery from urine, 41% solid waste degradation, and a small amount of insect in situ production were achieved. During the 105-day experiment, oxygen and water were recycled, and 55% of the food was regenerated. Key Words: Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS)-Space agriculture-Space life support-Waste recycle-Water recycle. Astrobiology 16, 925-936.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Leyuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Beizhen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Mingjuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Boyang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Shengda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Bojie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|2 Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, Beihang University , Beijing, China .|3 International Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing, China .
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001272:Atmosphere; D018533:Biomass; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D018504:Ecological Systems, Closed; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008021:Life Support Systems; D018535:Mars; D016081:Moon; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D062611:Solid Waste; D013026:Space Flight; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste; D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen