title: The Role of NSAIDs in Breast Cancer Prevention and Relapse: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.
abstract: Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have received considerable interest as potential chemopreventive agents. The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulated knowledge on the effect of NSAIDs on breast cancer incidence and natural history, and the underlying pathophysiology. NSAIDs mainly block inflammation by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes, leading to lower prostaglandin synthesis. The latter has been reported to affect breast cancer risk through hormonal and inflammation-related pathways. Intensity, dose, frequency, duration, and timing of administration may also be significant. There is currently enough evidence to support a role of NSAIDs in breast cancer prevention and relapse, which deserves further large-scale experimental and clinical investigation.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moris
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kontos
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Surgery, University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spartalis
authors.affiliation: Research Oncology, Bermondsey Wing, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Fentiman
keywords: Aspirin; Breast cancer; Hormone receptors; NSAIDs; Prevention