title: Laser photobiomodulation (830 and 660 nm) in mast cells, VEGF, FGF, and CD34 of the musculocutaneous flap in rats submitted to nicotine.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on the viability of the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap in rats subjected to the action of nicotine. We evaluated 60 albino Wistar rats, divided into six groups of ten animals. Group 1 (saline) underwent the surgical technique to obtain a TRAM flap; group 2 (laser 830 nm) underwent the surgical technique and was irradiated with a laser 830 nm; group 3 (laser 660 nm) underwent the surgical technique and was irradiated with a laser 660 nm; group 4 was treated with nicotine subcutaneously (2 mg/kg/2×/day/4 weeks) and underwent surgery; group 5 (nicotine + laser 830 nm) was exposed to nicotine, underwent the surgical technique, and was irradiated with a laser 830 nm; group 6 (nicotine + laser 660 nm) was exposed to nicotine, underwent the surgical technique, and was irradiated with a laser 660 nm. The application of PBM occurred immediately after surgery and on the two following days. The percentage of necrosis was assessed using the AxioVision® software. The number of mast cells (toluidine blue staining) was evaluated, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect vascular endothelial growth factor expression (anti-VEGF-A), fibroblasts (anti-basic FGF), and neoformed vessels (anti-CD34). PBM with a wavelength of 830 nm increased the viability of the TRAM flap, with a smaller area of necrosis, increased number of mast cells, and higher expression of VEGF and CD34. PBM increases the viability of musculocutaneous flaps treated with to nicotine.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance of Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lais Mara Siqueira
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: das Neves
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - Campus Araranguá - UFSC/SC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriella de Paula Marcondes Ferreira
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina - Campus Araranguá - UFSC/SC, Florianópolis, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Marcio
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marcolino
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo - Santos Campus - UNIFESP/SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Pinfildi
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - FMRP/USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Britto
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance of Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance of Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP), Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. ecguirro@fmrp.usp.br.
authors.forename: Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Guirro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D007834:Lasers; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap; D009336:Necrosis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000098:blood supply; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Dosimetry; Fibroblast growth factor; Low-level laser therapy; Nicotine; Phototherapy; Physical therapy; Vascular endothelial growth factor