title: Dose-biomarker-response modeling of the anticancer effect of ethaselen in a human non-small cell lung cancer xenograft mouse model.
abstract: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a component of several redox-sensitive signaling cascades that mediate important biological processes such as cell survival, maturation, growth, migration and inhibition of apoptosis. The expression levels of TrxR1 in some human carcinoma cell lines are nearly 10 times higher than those in normal cells. Ethaselen is a novel antitumor candidate that exerts potent inhibition on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by targeting TrxR. In this study we explored the relationship between the ethaselen dose and TrxR activity level and the relationship between TrxR degradation and tumor apoptosis in a human lung carcinoma A549 xenograft model. BALB/c nude mice implanted with human NSCLC cell line A54 were administered ethaselen (36, 72, 108 mg·kg-1·d-1, ig) or vehicle for 10 d. The tumor size and TrxR activity levels in tumor tissues were daily recorded and detected. Based on the experimental data, NONMEM 7.2 was used to develop an integrated dose-biomarker-response model for describing the quantitative relationship between ethaselen dose and tumor eradication effects. The time course of TrxR activity levels was modeled using an indirect response model (IDR model), in which the influence of the tumor growth rates on Kinwith the linear correction factor γ1 (0.021 d/mm). The drug binding-inhibition effects on Koutwas described using a sigmoidal Emaxmodel with Smax(5.95), SC50(136 mg/kg) and Hill's coefficient γ2 (2.29). The influence of TrxR activity inhibition on tumor eradication was characterized by an Emaxmodel with an Emax(130 mm3/d) and EC50(0.0676). This model was further validated using a visual predictive check (VPC) and was used to predict the efficacy of different doses. In conclusion, the properties and characteristics of ethaselen acting on TrxR degradation and subsequently resulting in tumor apoptosis are characterized by the IDR model and integrated dose-biomarker-response model with high goodness-of-fit and great predicative ability. This approach shed new light on the detailed processes and mechanism of ethaselen action and may offer a valuable reference for an appropriate dosing regimen for use in further clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Suo-Fu
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Hui
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.|School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015415:Biomarkers; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C478160:(1,2-bis(1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3(2H)-ketone))ethane; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase