title: Antioxidant Micronutrients and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers.
abstract: Chronic inflammatory diseases are the major causes of mortality in humans and recent research has improved our understanding of the major impact of life-style factors upon inflammatory diseases and conditions. One of the most influential of these is nutrition, which may drive both pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory cascades at molecular and cellular levels. There are a variety of model systems that may be employed to investigate the impact of micronutrients and macronutrients upon inflammatory pathways, many of which operate through oxidative stress, either at the level of controlling the redox state of the cell and downstream redox-regulated gene transcription factors, and other acting as free radical generating or scavenging agents. This chapter focuses upon biological sample preparation prior to assay and details methods for analyzing certain antioxidant micronutrients and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK. i.l.c.chapple@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Iain L C
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Chapple
authors.affiliation: School of Dentisty, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
authors.forename: Helen R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
authors.forename: Mike R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Milward
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
authors.forename: Martin R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Collegeof Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B5 7EG, UK.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010949:Plasma; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012463:Saliva; D044967:Serum
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D018977:Micronutrients; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D002338:Carotenoids; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid
keywords: 8-Oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine; Antioxidant; Ascorbic acid; Comet assay; Gingival crevicular fluid; Micronutrient; Oxidative stress; Plasma; Protein carbonyl; Saliva