title: Homogenized constrained mixture models for anisotropic volumetric growth and remodeling.
abstract: Constrained mixture models for soft tissue growth and remodeling have attracted increasing attention over the last decade. They can capture the effects of the simultaneous presence of multiple constituents that are continuously deposited and degraded at in general different rates, which is important to understand essential features of living soft tissues that cannot be captured by simple kinematic growth models. Recently the novel concept of homogenized constrained mixture models was introduced. It was shown that these models produce results which are very similar (and in certain limit cases even identical) to the ones of constrained mixture models based on multi-network theory. At the same time, the computational cost and complexity of homogenized constrained mixture models are much lower. This paper discusses the theory and implementation of homogenized constrained mixture models for anisotropic volumetric growth and remodeling in three dimensions. Previous constrained mixture models of volumetric growth in three dimensions were limited to the special case of isotropic growth. By numerical examples, comparison with experimental data and a theoretical discussion, we demonstrate that there is some evidence raising doubts whether isotropic growth models are appropriate to represent growth and remodeling of soft tissue in the vasculature. Anisotropic constrained mixture models, as introduced in this paper for the first time, may be required to avoid unphysiological results in simulations of vascular growth and remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Braeu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, 85748, Garching, Germany. cyron@lnm.mw.tum.de.
authors.forename: C J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8264-0885
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cyron
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D066253:Vascular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Aneurysm; Computational modeling; Growth and remodeling; Mechanobiology; Volumetric