title: Study of β2-Glycoprotein I Polymorphisms in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure as a Predisposing Factor for the Development of Anti-β2-Glycoprotein I Auto-Antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoglobulin (Ig)A anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aB2GP1) antibodies are associated with thrombotic events, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in dialysis patients. About 30% of patients with chronic renal disease are positive for IgA aB2GP1; however, the origin of these antibodies is unknown. It has been speculated that dialysis membranes, age, or etiology of renal base disease are possible precipitating factors, although these factors do not appear to be the source of antibodies. B2GP1 is a protein of 326 amino acids grouped into five domains. Eight polymorphisms have been described; the most important are Val/Leu247, which appears to predispose aB2GP1 antibody production in patients with anti-phospholipid syndrome, and Trp/Ser316, which appears to have protective antibody production of aB2GP1.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA samples from 92 patients with renal failure on hemodialysis were randomly collected with a 1:1 ratio for the positivity for IgA aB2GP1. Forty-six samples were positive for IgA aB2GP1 (group 1) and 46 negative for IgA aB2GP1 (group 2). All samples were anonymized to study polymorphism Val/Leu247and polymorphism Trp/Ser316.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between those who were positive or negative for IgA aB2GP1 in patients with renal failure treated with hemodialysis and the polymorphism located in codons 247 and 316.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two groups of patients have the same prevalence in polymorphisms 247 and 316, and therefore there appears not to be a genetic predisposition in our population. New trigger factors must be studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cabrera-Marante
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Immunology Section, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paz-Artal
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: aserrano@h12o.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D003062:Codon; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D003062:Codon; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I