title: Source localization of epileptiform discharges in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using magnetoencephalography (MEG).
abstract: The purpose of this study is to localize the sources of epileptiform discharges (EDs), in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) using Magnetoencephalography (MEG), at three different time instances and analyze the propagation of EDs, from onset to offset, for inferring the cortical and subcortical region of involvement.
  
  
  
  Twenty patients (age 23.5±6.3years old) with JME were recruited in this prospective study. MEG source analysis was performed on the independently collected EDs of each patient. The distributed source model was employed for source localization using low resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (LORETA). In each EDs, the onset (leading edge of the spike from baseline), peak and offset (trailing edge of the spike), with time window of 8ms, were subjected for source localization in order to study the propagation of the EDs. The obtained source location coordinates, from each individual MRI, were transformed in Talairach space and the distribution of region of source involvement was analysed.
  
  
  
  The frequency pattern of lobar distribution at onset, peak and offset respectively suggest that discharges most commonly localized at onset from sublobar region, at peak from frontal lobe and at offset from the sublobar region. It was observed that the maximum involvement of sources from the sublobar, limbic and frontal lobes at different time instances. It indicates that the restricted cortical-subcortical involvement during the generation and propagation of EDs in JME.
  
  
  
  This MEG study supported the cortical-subcortical region of involvement and provided further insights in our understanding the network involvement in generation and propagation of EDs in JME.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Veeranna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gadad
authors.affiliation: MEG research centre, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India; Departments of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India. Electronic address: sanjib_sinha2004@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: MEG research centre, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Narayanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mariyappa
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ganne
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaithanya
authors.affiliation: MEG research centre, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Velmurugan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jayabal
authors.affiliation: NIIR, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Jitender
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Kandivel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thennarasu
authors.affiliation: MEG research centre, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India; Departments of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and NeuroSciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Parthasarathy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Satishchandra
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epileptiform discharges; IGE; JME; MEG; Source analysis