title: GC-MS analysis and hepatoprotective activity of the n-hexane extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male albino rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Egypt, the burden of liver diseases is exceptionally high.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the components of the n-hexane extract of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Arn. (Leguminosae) and its hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  TRACE GC ultra gas chromatogaphic spectrometry was used for extract analysis. Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups (five rats in each). Group 1 was the healthy control; Groups 2 and 3 were healthy treated groups (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w. of the extract, respectively) for seven days. Group 4 was hepatotoxicity control (APAP intoxicated group). Groups 5 and 6 received APAP + extract 250 and APAP + extract 500, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of 36 components. Major compounds were α-tocopherol (18.23%), labda-8 (20)-13-dien-15-oic acid (13.15%), lupeol (11.93%), phytol (10.95%) and squalene (7.19%). In the acute oral toxicity study, the mortality rates and behavioural signs of toxicity were zero in all groups (doses from 0 to 5 g/kg b.w. of A. fraxinifolius). LD50was found to be greater than 5 g/kg of the extract. Only the high dose (500 mg/kg b.w.) of extract significantly alleviated the liver relative weight (4.01 ± 0.06) and biomarkers, as serum aspartate aminotransferase (62.87 ± 1.41), alanine aminotransferase (46.74 ± 1.45), alkaline phosphatase (65.96 ± 0.74), lipid profiles (180.39 ± 3.51), bilirubin profiles (2.30 ± 0.06) and hepatic lipid peroxidation (114.20 ± 2.06), and increased body weight (11.58 ± 0.20), serum protein profile (11.09 ± 0.46) and hepatic total antioxidant capacity (23.78 ± 0.66) in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study proves the antihepatotoxic/antioxidant efficacies of A. fraxinifolius hexane extract.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Abd El-Ghffar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba A S
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: El-Nashar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Omayma A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Eldahshan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo , Egypt.
authors.forename: Abdel Nasser B
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Singab
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D006586:Hexanes; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C026385:n-hexane; D000082:Acetaminophen; D001663:Bilirubin
keywords: Acetaminophen; gas chromatography mass spectrometry; ink cedar; liver dysfunction