title: Transcriptomics analysis of hulless barley during grain development with a focus on starch biosynthesis.
abstract: Hulless barley, with its unique nutritional value and potential health benefits, has increasingly attracted attentions in recent years. However, the transcription dynamics during hulless barley grain development is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the transcriptome changes during barley grain development using Illumina paired-end RNA-sequencing. Two datasets of the developing grain transcriptomes from two barley landraces with the differential seed starch synthesis traits were generated, and comparative transcriptome approach in both genotypes was performed. The results showed that 38 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found co-modulated in both genotypes during the barley grain development. Of those, the proteins encoded by most of those DGEs were found, such as alpha-amylase-related proteins, lipid-transfer protein, homeodomain leucine zipper (HD-Zip), NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y, subunit B (NF-YBs), as well as MYB transcription factors. More interestingly, two genes Hvulgare_GLEAN_10012370 and Hvulgare_GLEAN_10021199 encoding SuSy, AGPase (Hvulgare_GLEAN_10033640 and Hvulgare_GLEAN_10056301), as well as SBE2b (Hvulgare_GLEAN_10018352) were found to significantly contribute to the regulatory mechanism during grain development in both genotypes. Moreover, six co-expression modules associated with specific biological processes or pathways (M1 to M6) were identified by consensus co-expression network. Significantly enriched pathways of those module genes showed difference in both genotypes. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular mechanism of starch synthesis during barley grain development.
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Agricultural Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Agricultural Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Xingquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Agricultural Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Yulin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Chengdu Life Baseline Tecshnology Co., LTD, Chengdu, 610041, China.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Qijun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Zexiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China.|Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, 850002, China. nima_zhaxi@sina.com.|State Key Laboratory of Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, 850002, China. nima_zhaxi@sina.com.
authors.forename: Tashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nyima
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D063245:Plant Development / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013213:Starch / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D013213:Starch
keywords: Comparative transcriptome approach; Differentially expressed genes (DEGs); Hulless barley; Starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs)