title: Oxygen Saturation and Heart Rate Ranges in Very Preterm Infants Requiring Respiratory Support at Birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the changes in preductal oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate in preterm infants receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and/or positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study at birth of infants aged <32 weeks separated into 2 gestational age (GA) groups: 230/7-276/7weeks (group 1) and 280/7-316/7weeks (group 2). Infants received delayed cord clamping (DCC) in accordance with institutional protocol. CPAP and/or PPV was applied at the clinical team's discretion. SpO2and heart rate were recorded every minute for 10 minutes. Preductal SpO2was targeted according to published nomograms. For heart rate, the goal was to maintain a stable heart rate >100 bpm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study cohort comprised 96 group 1 infants (mean GA, 26 ± 1 weeks; mean birth weight, 818 ± 208 g) and 173 group 2 infants (mean GA, 30 ± 1 weeks; mean birth weight, 1438 ± 374 g). In general, infants requiring respiratory support reached target values for heart rate and SpO2more slowly than the published nomograms for spontaneously breathing preterm infants without respiratory support. Infants receiving CPAP reached SpO2and heart rate targets faster than infants receiving PPV. In group 1, but not group 2 infants, DCC resulted in higher SpO2and heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SpO2and heart rate do not quickly and reliably reach the values achieved by spontaneously breathing preterm infants not requiring respiratory support.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Phillipos
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: Anne Lee
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Solevåg
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van Os
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pichler
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Po-Yin
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Studies of Asphyxia and Resuscitation, Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Schmölzer
mesh_terms: D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012119:Respiration; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: heart rate; infants; neonatal; newborn; oxygen saturation; pulse oximetry; resuscitation