title: Combining ultrasonography and noncontrast helical computerized tomography to evaluate Holmium laser lithotripsy.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish a mathematical model for correlating the combination of ultrasonography and noncontrast helical computerized tomography (NCHCT) with the total energy of Holmium laser lithotripsy.In this study, from March 2013 to February 2014, 180 patients with single urinary calculus were examined using ultrasonography and NCHCT before Holmium laser lithotripsy. The calculus location and size, acoustic shadowing (AS) level, twinkling artifact intensity (TAI), and CT value were all documented. The total energy of lithotripsy (TEL) and the calculus composition were also recorded postoperatively. Data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, with the SPSS 17.0 software package. Multiple linear regression was also used for further statistical analysis.A significant difference in the TEL was observed between renal calculi and ureteral calculi (r = -0.565, P < 0.001), and there was a strong correlation between the calculus size and the TEL (r = 0.675, P < 0.001). The difference in the TEL between the calculi with and without AS was highly significant (r = 0.325, P < 0.001). The CT value of the calculi was significantly correlated with the TEL (r = 0.386, P < 0.001). A correlation between the TAI and TEL was also observed (r = 0.391, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the location, size, and TAI of the calculi were related to the TEL, and the location and size were statistically significant predictors (adjusted r = 0.498, P < 0.001).A mathematical model correlating the combination of ultrasonography and NCHCT with TEL was established; this model may provide a foundation to guide the use of energy in Holmium laser lithotripsy. The TEL can be estimated by the location, size, and TAI of the calculus.
authors.affiliation: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Traffic Hospital Department of Ultrasound, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China Department of Microbiology and Immunology, East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC Department of Pulmonology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinglu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yanlu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Mengmeng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult