title: Repair of calvarial bone defects in mice using electrospun polystyrene scaffolds combined with β-TCP or gold nanoparticles.
abstract: Non-biodegradable porous polystyrene (PS) scaffolds, composed of microfibers, have been prepared by electrospinning for the reconstruction of large bone defects. PS microfibers were prepared by incorporating β-TCP grains inside the polymer or grafting gold nanoparticles surface functionalized with mercaptosuccinic acid. Cytocompatibility of the three types of scaffolds (PS, β-TCP-PS and Au-PS) was studied by seeding human mesenchymal stem cells. Biocompatibility was evaluated by implanting β-TCP-PS and Au-PS scaffolds into a critical size (4mm) calvarial defect in mice. Calvaria were taken 6, 9, and 12 weeks after implantation; newly formed bone and cellular response was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and histology. β-TCP-PS scaffolds showed a significantly higher cell proliferation in vitro than on PS or Au-PS alone; clearly, the presence of β-TCP grains improved cytocompatibility. Biocompatibility study in the mouse calvaria model showed that β-TCP-PS scaffolds were significantly associated with more newly-formed bone than Au-PS. Bone developed by osteoconduction from the defect margins to the center. A dense fibrous connective tissue containing blood vessels was identified histologically in both types of scaffolds. There was no inflammatory foci nor giant cell in these areas. AuNPs aggregates were identified histologically in the fibrosis and also incorporated in the newly-formed bone matrix. Although the different types of PS microfibers appeared cytocompatible during the in vitro experiment, they appeared biotolerated in vivo since they induced a fibrotic reaction associated with newly formed bone.
authors.affiliation: GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LabCom NextBone, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France; Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terranova
authors.affiliation: Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, Sector 1, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Diana Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dragusin
authors.affiliation: GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LabCom NextBone, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.affiliation: University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, No. 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Eugeniu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vasile
authors.affiliation: Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Faculty of Medical Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gh Polizu Street, Sector 1, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Izabela-Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Stancu
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Morphologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Behets
authors.affiliation: GEROM Groupe Etudes Remodelage Osseux et bioMatériaux - LabCom NextBone, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933 Angers Cedex, France; SCIAM, Service Commun d'Imagerie et Analyses Microscopiques, IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé, CHU d'Angers, Université d'Angers, 49933, Angers Cedex, France. Electronic address: daniel.chappard@univ-angers.fr.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chappard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012886:Skull / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D011137:Polystyrenes; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D006046:Gold
keywords: Biocompatibility; Cytocompatibility; Electrospinning; Gold nanoparticles; Polystyrene fibers; β-TCP