title: Loss-of-control eating following sleeve gastrectomy surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative loss-of-control (LOC) eating is related to poorer weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery, but little is known about LOC eating after sleeve gastrectomy surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine LOC eating severity and weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy SETTING: University School of Medicine, United States METHODS: Participants were 71 individuals (84.5% female; n = 60) who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery within the previous 4 to 9 months and reported LOC eating at least once weekly during the previous 28 days. LOC eating was assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) Bariatric Surgery Version. Current mean age and body mass index were 47.3 (SD = 10.1) years and 37.9 (SD = 8.2) kg/m2. Two groups, bariatric binge-eating disorder (Bar-BED) and loss-of-control eating only (LOC-only), were created based on modified binge-eating disorder (BED) criteria, which excluded the "unusually large quantity of food" criterion due to limited gastric capacity postsurgery. Bar-BED criteria mirrored BED criteria and consisted of the following: at least 12 LOC eating episodes over the prior 3 months (once weekly), 3 of 5 associated symptoms, marked distress over LOC eating, and lack of regular compensatory behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on these revised criteria, 49.3% (n = 35) were classified as the Bar-BED group and 50.7% (n = 36) as the LOC-only group. Compared with the LOC-only group, the Bar-BED group had significantly greater EDE global and subscale scores and lower percent weight loss by 6 months postsurgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest LOC eating that parallels BED postsurgery is associated with poorer outcomes after sleeve gastrectomy including poorer weight loss and greater severity of eating-disorder psychopathology.
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut. Electronic address: valentina.ivezaj@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivezaj
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale School of Nursing, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Erin E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lydecker
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Rachel D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Marney A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grilo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D050110:Bariatric Surgery / Q000379:methods; D056912:Binge-Eating Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D000068356:Self-Control / Q000523:psychology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bariatric surgery; Binge eating; Loss-of-control eating; Obesity; Sleeve gastrectomy