title: Roles of L-type calcium channels (CaV1.2) and the distal C-terminus (DCT) in differentiation and mineralization of rat dental apical papilla stem cells (rSCAPs).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Voltage-gated inward Ca2+currents (ICa) are triggered by cell depolarization and commonly produce transient increases in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+concentration. The CaV1.2 distal C-terminus is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage, which yields a truncated CaV1.2 subunit and a cleaved C-terminal fragment (CCt or DCT). Stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs) has a capacity for differentiation into the odontoblastic-like cells in vitro and dentin forming in vivo, which makes SCAPs advantages in tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CaV1.2 and its distal C-terminal fragment in the odontoblastic differentiation of rat SCAPs (stem cells from the apical papilla).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we generated stable CaV1.2 knockdown and DCT over-expressed rSCAPs using short hairpin RNA and DCT gene containing Lentivirus vectors, respectively. The transfected apical papilla cells were induced to differentiate into the odontoblast-like cells, and the expression of markers for odontoblastic differentiation were analyzed by alizarin red staining, Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The knockdown of CaV1.2 and excess expression of DCT both suppressed the expression of DSPP, ALP in mRNA level and the formation of calcium nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CaV1.2 and DCT play important roles in the differentiation of rSCAPs, DCT might act as a transcription factor and regulate the differentiation of rSCAPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Qianqian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yanqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Changsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meisheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Hua Shan Hospital, Shanghai Fudan University, China. Electronic address: slzhao@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shouliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003771:Dental Papilla / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
keywords: L-type calcium channel; Odontoblastic differentiation; Overexpression; Short hairpin RNA; Stem cells from apical papilla; The distal C-terminus of Ca(V)1.2