title: Late-Onset Abducens Nerve Palsy after Endovascular Treatment for Carotid-Cavernous Fistula: Two Case Reports.
abstract: Endovascular treatment, including transarterial embolisation and transvenous embolisation, is generally considered effective for treating carotid-cavernous fistula. Immediate cranial nerve palsy following the procedure is the most common complication, but it usually resolves spontaneously. The authors report two cases of late-onset abducens nerve palsy after successful obliteration of direct carotid-cavernous fistulas, both of which required strabismus surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University HospitalTaipeiTaiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial HospitalNew Taipei CityTaiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzu-Hsun
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Tsai
keywords: Abducens nerve palsy; carotid-cavernous fistula; transvenous embolisation