title: Association between lower limb osteoarthritis and incidence of depressive symptoms: data from the osteoarthritis initiative.
abstract: osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with a number of medical morbidities. Although the prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms is presumed to be high in people with OA, no prospective comparative study has analyzed its incidence.
  
  
  
  to determine whether OA was associated with an increased odds of developing depressive symptoms.
  
  
  
  longitudinal cohort study (follow-up: 4.2 years).
  
  
  
  data were gathered from the North American Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset.
  
  
  
  people at higher risk developing OA.
  
  
  
  OA diagnosis was defined as the presence of OA at hand, knee, hip, back/neck or other sites at baseline. Depressive symptoms were defined using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (cut-off 16 points) after 4 years.
  
  
  
  a total of 3,491 people without depressive symptoms at baseline were analyzed (1,506 with OA/1,985 without). Using an adjusted logistic regression analysis for 12 potential confounders, people with OA had a similar odds of depressive symptoms at follow-up compared to those without OA (odds ratio (OR): 1.26; 95% confidence of interval (CI): 0.95-1.67). However, multi-site OA (i.e. OA ≥2 sites; OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.07-2.05) and the specific presence of hip (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.08-2.73) or knee OA (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03-1.98) were associated with a greater odds of developing depressive symptoms compared to people without OA.
  
  
  
  this is the first study of longitudinal data to demonstrate people with multi-site, hip or knee OA have a greater odds of developing depressive symptoms compared to people without OA. This suggests that OA may be associated with future mental health burden.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.|Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK.|Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8 AF, UK.|Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Bishop Hall Lane, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK.
authors.forename: Brendon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stubbs
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy.|Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.|National Health Care System, Padua Local Unit ULSS 17, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Solmi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NorwichNR4 7TJ, UK.
authors.forename: Toby O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noale
authors.affiliation: Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.|MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.|National Institute for Health Research Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Cyrus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maggi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: depression; depressive symptoms; epidemiology, older people; osteoarthritis