title: Resilience and Traumatic Brain Injury Among Iraq/Afghanistan War Veterans: Differential Patterns of Adjustment and Quality of Life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the degree to which a resilient personality prototype predicted adjustment among war Veterans with and without a traumatic brain injury (TBI) while covarying the level of combat exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 127 war Veterans (107 men, 20 women; average age = 37 years) participated. Personality prototypes were derived from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (Patrick, Curtain, & Tellegen, 2002). Measures were administered at baseline, and a subset was administered at 4- and 8-month follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Veterans with resilient personalities reported less sleep disturbance, more health-promoting behaviors, psychological flexibility, and emotional distress tolerance than Veterans with undercontrolled or overcontrolled prototypes. Path models revealed that resilience significantly predicted posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, quality of life, and social support over time. TBI had unique and consistent effects only on PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Personality characteristics influence distress and quality of life among war Veterans with and without TBI. Implications for assessment, interventions, and research are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University.
authors.forename: Yu-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.affiliation: Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center.|VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education Clinical Center.|Duke University Medical Center.
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kimbrel
authors.affiliation: VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System.|Texas A&M University Health Science Center.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: VA VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System.|Texas A&M University Health Science Center.
authors.forename: Bryann B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: DeBeer
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University Health Science Center.|Warrior Research Institute at Baylor Scott & White Health.
authors.forename: Suzy Bird
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University.
authors.forename: Oi-Man
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas at San Antonio.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Morissette
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D055826:Afghan Campaign 2001-; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054542:Iraq War, 2003-2011; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010551:Personality / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012944:Social Support; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014728:Veterans
keywords: PTSD; Resilience; combat exposure; depression; traumatic brain injury