title: Myocardial dysfunction in children with intrauterine growth restriction: an echocardiographic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is about 3-10% of live-born newborns and can be as high as 20% in developing countries. It may result in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases later in life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was echocardiographic evaluation, with the use of conventional and tissue Doppler parameters, of cardiac function in children born with IUGR, and comparison with healthy peers born as normally grown foetuses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the IUGR group, E wave and E/A ratio were significantly lower compared to the control group. A wave, isovolumetric relaxation time, deceleration time, myocardial performance index as well as E/E' septal and E/E' lateral indices were significantly higher compared to healthy peers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with IUGR presented with subclinical myocardial dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. Email: kasiajarosik@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niewiadomska-Jarosik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zamojska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamecznik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Information Technology, Technical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wosiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiosurgery, Polish Mother's Memorial Institute, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarosik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Rheumatology, 2nd Chair of Pediatrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stańczyk
mesh_terms: D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*