title: Repeated recall and PKMζ maintain fear memories in juvenile rats.
abstract: We examined the neural substrates of fear memory formation and maintenance when repeated recall was used to prevent forgetting in young animals. In contrast to adult rats, juveniles failed to show contextual fear responses at 4 d post-fear conditioning. Reconsolidation sessions 3 and 6 d after conditioning restored contextual fear responses in juveniles 7 d after initial training. In juveniles that received reconsolidation sessions, protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) increased in the amygdala, but not in the hippocampus. These data suggest that repeated reminders and increased PKMζ maintain fear responses in juvenile animals that otherwise would not exhibit this behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA chicora.oliver@temple.edu.
authors.forename: Chicora F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: PsychoGenics, Inc., Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kabitzke
authors.affiliation: The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York 10016, USA.|Department of Psychology, Hunter College, New York, New York 10065, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Queens College, New York, New York 11367, USA.
authors.forename: Laura J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Harry N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Shair
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiedenmayer
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D000679:Amygdala / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D046352:Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D000069077:Memory Consolidation / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D011493:Protein Kinase C; C504730:protein kinase M zeta, rat