title: Pitfalls in histoacryl glue injection therapy for oesophageal, gastric and ectopic varices: A review.
abstract: Histoacryl glue is used increasingly for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices, and there is experience in its use for oesophageal varices. It is an effective treatment, yet numerous reports of complications have accumulated. This review of the literature describes the technique, explores circulatory and vascular consideration unique to portal hypertension and categorises the complications into: "Embolisation", "local venous thrombosis", "fistulisation and extravascular injection", "ulceration, erosion and extrusion", and "nidus of infection". A case is then made for standardisation of the technique and the consent process.
authors.affiliation: Lulia Al-Hillawi, Terence Wong, Giovanni Tritto, Philip A Berry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lulia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Al-Hillawi
authors.affiliation: Lulia Al-Hillawi, Terence Wong, Giovanni Tritto, Philip A Berry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Lulia Al-Hillawi, Terence Wong, Giovanni Tritto, Philip A Berry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tritto
authors.affiliation: Lulia Al-Hillawi, Terence Wong, Giovanni Tritto, Philip A Berry, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Berry
keywords: Complications; Embolisation; Sepsis; Thrombosis