title: Alcohol Warning Label Perceptions: Do Warning Sizes and Plain Packaging Matter?
abstract: There is a dearth of research on the effectiveness of stringent alcohol warning labels. Our experiment tested whether increasing the size of an alcohol health warning lowers product-based ratings. We examined whether plain packaging lowers ratings of alcohol products and the consumers who use them, increases ratings of bottle "boringness," and enhances warning recognition compared with branded packaging.
  
  
  
  A total of 440 adults (51.7% female) viewed one of three warning sizes (50%, 75%, or 90% of label surface) on either a plain or branded bottle of distilled spirits, wine, and beer. Participants also rated alcohol bottles on product-based (assessing the product itself), consumer-based (assessing perceptions of consumers of the product), and bottle boringness ratings, and then attempted to recognize the correct warning out of four choices.
  
  
  
  As expected, the size of warning labels lowered product-based ratings. Similarly, plain packaging lowered product-based and consumer-based ratings and increased bottle boringness but only for wine bottles. Further, plain packaging increased the odds of warning recognition on bottles of distilled spirits.
  
  
  
  This study shows that plain packaging and warning size (similar to the graphic warnings on cigarette packages) affect perceptions about alcohol bottles. It also shows that plain packaging increases the likelihood for correct health warning recognition, which builds the case for alcohol warning and packaging research and policy.
authors.affiliation: Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Hamdani
authors.affiliation: Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D011356:Product Labeling; D019064:Product Packaging