title: Interaction effects on uptake and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl substances and cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) from co-contaminated soil.
abstract: A vegetation study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and Cadmium (Cd) on soil enzyme activities, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) from co-contaminated soil. Soil urease activities were inhibited significantly but catalase activities were promoted significantly by interaction of PFASs and Cd which had few effects on sucrase activities. Joint stress with PFASs and Cd decreased the biomass of plants and chlorophyll (Chl) content in both wheat and rapeseed, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities were increased in wheat but inhibited in rapeseed compared with single treatments. The bioconcentration abilities of PFASs in wheat and rapeseed were decreased, and the translocation factor of PFASs was decreased in wheat but increased in rapeseed with Cd addition. The bioaccumulation and translocation abilities of Cd were increased significantly in both wheat and rapeseed with PFASs addition. These findings suggested important evidence that the co-existence of PFASs and Cd reduced the bioavailability of PFASs while enhanced the bioavailability of Cd in soil, which increased the associated environmental risk for Cd but decreased for PFASs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China. Electronic address: zhaoshuyan@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuyan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
authors.forename: Ziyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
authors.forename: Yuliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, School of Food and Environment, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning 124221, PR China.
authors.forename: Lifen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D018533:Biomass; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000187:drug effects*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002210:Caprylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Bioaccumulation; Cd; PFASs; Phytotoxicity; Rapeseed; Wheat