title: Source apportionment and heavy metal health risk (HMHR) quantification from sources in a southern city in China, using an ME2-HMHR model.
abstract: Heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb) can be bound to PM adversely affecting human health. Quantifying the source impacts on heavy metals can provide source-specific estimates of the heavy metal health risk (HMHR) to guide effective development of strategies to reduce such risks from exposure to heavy metals in PM2.5(particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm). In this study, a method combining Multilinear Engine 2 (ME2) and a risk assessment model is developed to more effectively quantify source contributions to HMHR, including heavy metal non-cancer risk (non-HMCR) and cancer risk (HMCR). The combined model (called ME2-HMHR) has two steps: step1, source contributions to heavy metals are estimated by employing the ME2 model; step2, the source contributions in step 1 are introduced into the risk assessment model to calculate the source contributions to HMHR. The approach was applied to Huzou, China and five significant sources were identified. Soil dust is the largest source of non-HMCR. For HMCR, the source contributions of soil dust, coal combustion, cement dust, vehicle, and secondary sources are 1.0 × 10-4, 3.7 × 10-5, 2.7 × 10-6, 1.6 × 10-6and 1.9 × 10-9, respectively. The soil dust is the largest contributor to HMCR, being driven by the high impact of soil dust on PM2.5and the abundance of heavy metals in soil dust.
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: nksgl@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: GuoLiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Environment Monitoring Center of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315012, China.
authors.forename: GuiRong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: YingZe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: YuFen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: YinChang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, United States.
authors.forename: Armistead G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D004391:Dust; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012987:Soil
keywords: Health risk; Heavy metals; PM(2.5); Source apportionment