title: Effects of air pollution exposure on glucose metabolism in Los Angeles minority children.
abstract: Growing evidence indicates that ambient (AAP: NO2, PM2.5and O3) and traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) contribute to metabolic disease risk in adults; however, few studies have examined these relationships in children.
  
  
  
  Metabolic profiling was performed in 429 overweight and obese African-American and Latino youth living in urban Los Angeles, California. This cross-sectional study estimated individual residential air pollution exposure and used linear regression to examine relationships between air pollution and metabolic outcomes.
  
  
  
  AAP and TRAP exposure were associated with adverse effects on glucose metabolism independent of body fat percent. PM2.5was associated with 25.0% higher fasting insulin (p < 0.001), 8.3% lower insulin sensitivity (p < 0.001), 14.7% higher acute insulin response to glucose (p = 0.001) and 1.7% higher fasting glucose (p < 0.001). Similar associations were observed for increased NO2exposure. TRAP from non-freeway roads was associated with 12.1% higher insulin (p < 0.001), 6.9% lower insulin sensitivity (p = 0.02), 10.8% higher acute insulin response to glucose (p = 0.003) and 0.7% higher fasting glucose (p = 0.047).
  
  
  
  Elevated air pollution exposure was associated with a metabolic profile that is characteristic of increased risk for type 2 diabetes. These results indicate that increased prior year exposure to air pollution may adversely affect type 2 diabetes-related pathophysiology in overweight and obese minority children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Toledo-Corral
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.affiliation: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California, USA.
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Lurmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D016014:Linear Models; D015141:Los Angeles; D008297:Male; D008913:Minority Groups; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Air pollution; glucose metabolism; health disparities; insulin sensitivity