title: Insights to the schizophrenia continuum: A systematic review of saccadic eye movements in schizotypy and biological relatives of schizophrenia patients.
abstract: Myles, J.B., S. Rossell, A. Phillipou, Thomas, E and C. Gurvich. A systematic review of saccadic eye movements across the schizophrenia continuum: Characterisation, pathophysiology and genetic associations. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 21(1) XXX-XXX, 2015. One of the cognitive hallmarks of schizophrenia is impaired eye movements, particularly for the antisaccade task. Less saccade research has been conducted in relation to the broader schizophrenia continuum, that is, people with high schizotypy or first-degree relatives of people with schizophrenia. This systematic review sought to identify, collate and appraise prosaccade, antisaccade and memory-guided saccade studies involving behavioural, neuroimaging and genetic data published between 1980 and September 2016 in individuals with high schizotypy and first-degree relatives. A systematic literature search was conducted, using Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Of 913 references screened, 18 schizotypy, 29 family studies and two schizotypy and relatives articles studies were eligible for inclusion. Antisaccade error rate was the most consistent deficit found for high schizotypy. Relatives had intermediate antisaccade error rates between patients and healthy controls. Results from the limited genetic and neuroimaging studies echoed schizophrenia findings. Confounds were also identified. It was concluded that future research is required to refine the saccade endophenotype and to expand genetic and neuroimaging research.
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Jessica B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Myles
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia; Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rossell
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Mental Health, The Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Phillipou
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Monash Alfred Psychiatry research centre, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: caroline.gurvich@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gurvich
mesh_terms: D005190:Family; D006801:Humans; D012438:Saccades; D012559:Schizophrenia; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder
keywords: Antisaccades; Continuum model; Endophenotypes; Eye movements; First-degree relatives; Genetics; Memory-guided saccades; Neuroimaging; Prosaccades; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Schizotypy