title: Common single nucleotide polymorphisms in transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 increase the risk for proton pump inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia: a case-control study.
abstract: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective drugs for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. Serious adverse events are rare for PPIs, but recent data suggest that PPIs cause hypomagnesemia. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of PPI-induced hypomagnesemia and to define the risk factors for its development.
  
  
  
  A total of 133 chronic users of PPIs were enrolled and patients were distinguished on the basis of their serum Mg concentrations. Common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the candidate gene, transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), were screened.
  
  
  
  Seventeen out of 133 patients had PPI-induced hypomagnesemia. The duration of PPI use was longer in those with hypomagnesemia (7.7 vs. 5.2 years). Two common SNPs in TRPM6 (rs3750425 and rs2274924) increased the risk for PPI-induced hypomagnesemia by 5.8-fold.
  
  
  
  We found hypomagnesemia in 13% of PPI users. SNPs in TRPM6 drive the risk of developing hypomagnesemia during chronic PPI use.
authors.affiliation: Departments of aPhysiology bGastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen cDepartment of Gastroenterology, Bernhoven Hospital, Uden dDepartment of Gastroenterology, Canisius-Wilhelmina-Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Jeroen H F
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: de Baaij
authors.forename: Mark M T J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Broekman
authors.forename: Tanya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bisseling
authors.forename: Bertram J T
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Haarhuis
authors.forename: Adriaan C I T L
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: René H M
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Te Morsche
authors.forename: Joost G J
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hoenderop
authors.forename: René J M
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Joost P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Drenth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels / Q000235:genetics*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D050053:TRPM Cation Channels; C459082:TRPM6 protein, human; D008274:Magnesium