title: Hot Topics in Dry Eye Disease.
abstract: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms such as discomfort, visual disturbance, and tear film instability, with potential damage to the ocular surface. The principal pathological mechanisms of DED are hyperosmolarity and inflammation. These mechanisms are deeply interrelated and lead to a self-perpetuating "vicious circle".
  
  
  
  The objective of this review is to describe novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for DED.
  
  
  
  Based on the better understanding of the physiopathology of the disease, new treatment strategies have been developed.
  
  
  
  The focus of the management of DED has been taken away from just reducing symptoms and redirected towards specific targets of its physiopathology, being inflammation the most addressed topic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Clínicas &#34;José de San Martín&#34;, Universidad de Buenos Aires. 2351 Córdoba Avenue, C1120AAR, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
authors.forename: Pablo Alberto
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Chiaradia
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zeman Bardeci
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dankert
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. Argentina.
authors.forename: Marcos Omar
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Mendaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan City Hospital, Poznan. Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: Dry eye disease; anti-inflammatory agents; biologic agents; device development; drug development; molecular targeted treatments; physiopathology; treatment