title: The impact of monomer sequence and stereochemistry on the swelling and erosion of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) matrices.
abstract: Monomer sequence is demonstrated to be a primary factor in determining the hydrolytic degradation profile of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)s (PLGAs). Although many approaches have been used to tune the degradation of PLGAs, little effort has been expended in exploring the sequence-control strategy exploited by nature in biopolymers. Cylindrical matrices and films prepared from a series of sequenced and random PLGAs were subjected to hydrolysis in a pH 7.4 buffer at 37 °C. Swelling ranged from 107% for the random racemic PLGA with a 50:50 ratio of lactic (L) to glycolic (G) units to 6% for the sequenced alternating copolymer poly LG. Erosion followed an inverse trend with the random 50:50 PLGA showing an erosion half-life of 3-4 weeks while poly LG required ca. >10 weeks. Stereosequence was found to play a large role in determining swelling and erosion; stereopure analogs swelled less and were slower to lose mass. Molecular weight loss followed similar trends and increases in dispersity correlated with the onset of significant swelling. The relative proportion of rapidly cleavable G-G linkages relative to G-L/L-G (moderate) and L-L (slow) correlates strongly with the degree of swelling observed and the rate of erosion. The dramatic sequence-dependent variation in swelling, in the absence of a parallel hydrophilicity trend, suggest that osmotic pressure, driven by the differential accumulation of degradation products, plays an important role.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Devin J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Swiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Kerri R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Morgan V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Fedorchak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. Electronic address: tmeyer@pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Tara Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: Biodegradable polymers; PLGA; Polymer degradation; Polymer erosion; Polymer swelling; Sequenced copolymers