title: Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Bladder Cancer.
abstract: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high rate of recurrence and poor outcomes as a result of relapse. Bladder cancer patients require lifelong invasive monitoring and treatment, making bladder cancer one of the most expensive malignancies. Lines of evidence increasingly point to distinct genetic and epigenetic alteration patterns in bladder cancer, even between the different stages and grades of disease. In addition, genetic and epigenetic alterations have been demonstrated to play important roles during bladder tumorigenesis. This review will focus on bladder cancer-associated genomic and epigenomic alterations, which are common in bladder cancer and provide potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for bladder cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Hong-Tao
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6366-0741
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8098-0528
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Duymich
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0179-6894
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Weisenberger
authors.affiliation: Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gangning
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8664-922X
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang
keywords: DNA Methylation; Epigenetic Therapy; Epigenetics, Genetic; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms