title: Variability of Pinus halepensis Mill. Essential Oils and Their Antioxidant Activities Depending on the Stage of Growth During Vegetative Cycle.
abstract: The impact of growth stages during vegetative cycle (B0- B5) on chemical composition and antioxidant activities of Pinus halepensis Mill. needles essential oils was investigated for the first time. GC and GC/MS analyses pointed to a quantitative variability of components; terpene hydrocarbons derivatives, represented by α-pinene (8.5 - 12.9%), myrcene (17.5 - 21.6%), p-cymene (7.9 - 11.9%) and (Z)-β-caryophyllene (17.3 - 21.2%) as major components, decreased from 88.9% at B0growth stage to 66.9% at B5growth stage, whereas oxygenated derivatives, represented by caryophyllene oxide (5.4 - 12.6%) and terpinen-4-ol (0.4 - 3.3%) as major components, increased from 7% at B0growth stage to 28.4% at B5growth stage. Furthermore, our findings showed that essential oil of P. halepensis needles collected at B5growth stage possess higher antioxidant activities by four different testing systems than those collected at B0- B4growth stages. This highlighted variability led to conclude that we should select essential oils to be investigated carefully depending on growth stage, in order to have the highest effectiveness of essential oil in terms of biological activities for human health purposes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment, Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Zineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Djerrad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology(U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, 16111, Algeria.
authors.forename: Abderrahmane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djouahri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment, Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kadik
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D000081007:Cymenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D000081223:Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D013729:Terpenes; C007210:4-cymene; C034019:terpinenol-4; C024714:caryophyllene; C005451:alpha-pinene; C515179:caryophyllene oxide
keywords: 
  Pinus halepensis
  ; Antioxidant activities; Chemical variability; Growth stage; Vegetative cycle