title: An evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of hydroethanol leaf extract of Albizia zygia in animal models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The leaves of Albizia zygia (DC.) J.F. Macbr. (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae) are used in Ghanaian traditional medicine for the treatment of pain, inflammatory disorders and fever (including malaria).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic effects of the hydroethanol leaf extract of Albizia zygia (AZE) in animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of AZE were examined in the carrageenan-induced foot oedema model and the baker's yeast-induced pyrexia test respectively. The analgesic effect and possible mechanisms of action were also assessed in the formalin test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AZE (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.), either preemptively or curatively, significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced foot edema in 7-day-old chicks (ED50values; preemptive: 232.9 ± 53.33 mg/kg; curative: 539.2 ± 138.28 mg/kg). Similarly, the NSAID diclofenac (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the oedema in both preemptive (ED50: 21.16 ± 4.07 mg/kg) and curative (ED50: 44.28 ± 5.75 mg/kg) treatments. The extract (30-300 mg/kg, p.o.) as well as paracetamol (150 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed significant antipyretic activity in the baker's yeast-induced pyrexia test (ED50of AZE: 282.5 ± 96.55 mg/kg). AZE and morphine (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.; positive control), exhibited significant analgesic activity in the formalin test. The analgesic effect was partly or wholly reversed by the systemic administration of naloxone, theophylline and atropine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that AZE possesses anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties, which justifies its traditional use. Also, the results show the involvement of the opioidergic, adenosinergic and the muscarinic cholinergic pathways in the analgesic effects of AZE.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Wonder Kofi Mensah
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Abotsi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Stanley Benjamin
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lamptey
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Afrane
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boakye-Gyasi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Ruth Uwa
authors.initials: RU
authors.lastname: Umoh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Woode
mesh_terms: D031289:Albizzia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D058633:Antipyretics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D002645:Chickens; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005557:Formaldehyde; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D058633:Antipyretics; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D018047:Receptors, Purinergic P1; D012997:Solvents; D005557:Formaldehyde; D000431:Ethanol; D002351:Carrageenan
keywords: Pyrexia; baker’s yeast; carrageenan; formalin test; inflammation; pain