title: Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 5. status and current directions of complementary and alternative herbal medicine worldwide.
abstract: Herbal medicine (HM) use is growing worldwide. Single herb preparations, ethnic and modern HM formulations are widely used as adjunct therapies or to improve consumer wellbeing. Areas covered: This final part in the publication series summarizes common tendencies in HM use as adjunct or alternative medicine, education of healthcare professionals and consumers, current and proposed guidelines regulating of production. We discuss potential HM-HM and HM-drug interactions that could lead to severe adverse events in situations where HMs are taken without proper medical professional oversight. Expert commentary: A number of serious problems have arisen with the steady global increase in HM use. HM interaction with conventional drugs (CD) may result in inadequate dosing of CD or adverse reactions; HM-HM interaction within herbal supplements could lead to toxicity of formulations. Inadequate education of clinicians and patients regarding medicinal properties of HMs must be addressed regionally and globally to ensure consumer safety.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.|b Division of Microbiology and Immunology, the Department of Pathology , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.
authors.forename: Elena Yu
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Enioutina
authors.affiliation: c New Zealand School of Pharmacy , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Emma R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Salis
authors.affiliation: a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Job
authors.affiliation: d Pentskiff Inc ., Salt Lake City , Utah , USA.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Gubarev
authors.affiliation: e Division of Toxicology, Center of Medicine , All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR) , Moscow , Russia.
authors.forename: Lubov V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Krepkova
authors.affiliation: a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Pediatrics , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.|f Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Utah , Salt Lake City , UT , USA.
authors.forename: Catherine M T
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sherwin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations
keywords: Herbal medicines; adjunct medicine; alternative antimicrobial herbal medicine; dietary supplements; herbal-herbal and herbal-drug interaction