title: Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling.
abstract: Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
authors.forename: Qian-Nan
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Diao
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
authors.forename: Dong-Mei
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011073:Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D011073:Polyamines; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Antioxidant enzymes; Chilling tolerance; Hydrogen peroxide; Nitric oxide; Spermidine; Tomato