title: Improvement of mesh recolonization in abdominal wall reconstruction with adipose vs. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in a rodent model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reconstruction of muscle defects remains a challenge. Our work assessed the potential of an engineered construct made of a human acellular collagen matrix (HACM) seeded with porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to reconstruct abdominal wall muscle defects in a rodent model.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study compared 2 sources of MSCs (bone-marrow, BMSCs, and adipose, ASCs) in vitro and in vivo for parietal defect reconstruction. Cellular viability and growth factor release (VEGF, FGF-Beta, HGF, IGF-1, TGF-Beta) were investigated under normoxic/hypoxic culture conditions. Processed and recellularized HACMs were mechanically assessed. The construct was tested in vivo in full thickness abdominal wall defect treated with HACM alone vs. HACM+ASCs or BMSCs (n=14). Tissue remodeling was studied at day 30 for neo-angiogenesis and muscular reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower secretion of IGF was observed with ASCs vs. BMSCs under hypoxic conditions (-97.6%, p<0.005) whereas significantly higher VEGF/FGF secretions were found with ASCs (+92%, p<0.001 and +72%, p<0.05, respectively). Processing and recellularization did not impair the mechanical properties of the HACM. In vivo, angiogenesis and muscle healing were significantly improved by the HACM+ASCs in comparison to BMSCs (p<0.05) at day 30.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A composite graft made of an HACM seeded with ASCs can improve muscle repair by specific growth factor release in hypoxic conditions and by in vivo remodeling (neo-angiogenesis/graft integration) while maintaining mechanical properties.
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Avenue Mounier 55, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cardiac Surgery Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: mathieu.vansteenberghe@uclouvain.be.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Steenberghe
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Avenue Mounier 55, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.affiliation: Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Service d'anatomopathologie, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guiot
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Avenue Mounier 55, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Goebbels
authors.affiliation: Université catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation (CHEX), Avenue Mounier 55, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gianello
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000601:surgery*; D061645:Abdominoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology / Q000637:transplantation*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D046449:Hernia, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: Adipose mesenchymal stem cells; Angiogenesis; Biological mesh recolonization; Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; Human collagen matrix; Tissue remodeling