title: Concordance and Discordance of Self-Rated and Researcher-Measured Successful Aging: Subtypes and Associated Factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate subtypes of successful aging (SA) based on concordance and discordance between self-rated and researcher-defined measures and their associations with demographic, psychosocial, and life satisfaction factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used multinomial logistic regression models to analyze 2013 cross-sectional survey data from 1,962 persons aged 65 and older in Shanghai that measured self-rated successful aging (SSA) with a single global assessment and researcher-defined successful aging (RSA) with a cumulative deficit index reflecting physical, physiological, cognitive, psychological, and social engagement domains. We generated four subtypes based on these two dichotomous variables: nonsuccessful aging (non-SA; meeting neither the criterion of RSA nor the criterion of SSA), RSA-only (meeting the criterion of RSA-only but not the criterion of SSA), SSA-only (meeting the criterion of SSA-only but not the criterion of RSA), and both-successful aging (both-SA; meeting both criteria of RSA and SSA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the sample, 32% were nonsuccessful agers, 7% RSA-only, 34% SSA-only, and 27% successful agers. Female gender and older age were associated with lower likelihood of RSA-only and both-SA relative to non-SA, but with greater likelihood of SSA-only. Good socioeconomic conditions and social networks were associated with greater likelihood of SSA-only and both-SA relative to non-SA or RSA-only. Satisfaction with life domains was robustly and positively associated with good successful aging outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Researcher-defined successful aging and self-rated successful aging are different measures with distinct social correlates. Subtypes of concordance and discordance provide a more holistic biopsychosocial conceptualization of successful aging.
authors.affiliation: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, Two UN Plaza, New York.
authors.forename: Danan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Qiushi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jessica M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sautter
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work and.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biomedical model; Biopsychosocial model; China; Concordance; Discordance; Researcher-defined successful aging; Self-rated successful aging; Shanghai; Successful aging