title: Collagen Extracted from Persian Gulf Squid Exhibits Anti-Cytotoxic Properties on Apple Pectic Treated Cells: Assessment in an In Vitro Bioassay Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) in vitro systems have been introduced to study the physiological states of cells. As a biomolecule, collagen is usually extracted from terrestrial animals whilst aquatic animals like squid contain large amounts of collagen.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to make effective use of marine organisms, we selected Persian Gulf squid in 2015 to extract the required collagen. Then, a 3D culture system based on the extracted collagen was applied to investigate cellular mechanisms in a native microenvironment. The formed collagen gel was used to investigate the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells as well as responses to pectic acid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that the extracted collagen contained α, ß and γ components with high water holding capacity. This collagen formed a gel-like structure, which could promote the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The MDA-MB-231 cells' viability in presence of pectic acid, demonstrating the cells' behavior in a 3D culture system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that the collagen extracted from squid skin has type I collagen properties. It might be used as a substrate in 3D cell culture systems.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ladan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delphi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Houri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sepehri
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elaheh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Motevaseli
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolic Research Institute, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Khorramizadeh
keywords: 3D culture system; Cell culture; Collagen; Pectic acid; Squid