title: A Brain-Machine Interface Based on ERD/ERS for an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Control.
abstract: To recognize the user's motion intention, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) usually decode movements from cortical activity to control exoskeletons and neuroprostheses for daily activities. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether self-induced variations of the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be useful as control signals for an upper-limb exoskeleton developed by us. A BMI based on event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) is proposed. In the decoder-training phase, we investigate the offline classification performance of left versus right hand and left hand versus both feet by using motor execution (ME) or motor imagery (MI). The results indicate that the accuracies of ME sessions are higher than those of MI sessions, and left hand versus both feet paradigm achieves a better classification performance, which would be used in the online-control phase. In the online-control phase, the trained decoder is tested in two scenarios (wearing or without wearing the exoskeleton). The MI and ME sessions wearing the exoskeleton achieve mean classification accuracy of 84.29% ± 2.11% and 87.37% ± 3.06%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the proposed BMI is effective to control the upper-limb exoskeleton, and provides a practical method by non-invasive EEG signal associated with human natural behavior for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Industrial Design Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China. ttzzcc@zju.edu.cn.|College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. ttzzcc@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhichuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. ssq@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shouqian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. syzhang@cs.zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Sanyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Fashion Art Design Institute, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China. cym@mail.dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yumiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. superli@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. shelleych@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000502:physiology
keywords: BMI; ERD; ERS; motor execution; motor imagery; upper-limb exoskeleton