title: Effects of Training Load and Leg Dominance on Achilles and Patellar Tendon Structure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Detrimental changes in tendon structure increase the risk of tendinopathies. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of individual internal and external training loads and leg dominance on changes in the Achilles and patellar tendon structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The internal structure of the Achilles and patellar tendons of both limbs of 26 elite Australian footballers was assessed using ultrasound tissue characterization at the beginning and the end of an 18-wk preseason. Linear-regression analysis was used to estimate the effects of training load on changes in the proportion of aligned and intact tendon bundles for each side. Standardization and magnitude-based inferences were used to interpret the findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Possibly to very likely small increases in the proportion of aligned and intact tendon bundles occurred in the dominant Achilles (initial value 81.1%; change, ±90% confidence limits 1.6%, ±1.0%), nondominant Achilles (80.8%; 0.9%, ±1.0%), dominant patellar (75.8%; 1.5%, ±1.5%), and nondominant patellar (76.8%; 2.7%, ±1.4%) tendons. Measures of training load had inconsistent effects on changes in tendon structure; eg, there were possibly to likely small positive effects on the structure of the nondominant Achilles tendon, likely small negative effects on the dominant Achilles tendon, and predominantly no clear effects on the patellar tendons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The small and inconsistent effects of training load are indicative of the role of recovery between tendon-overloading (training) sessions and the multivariate nature of the tendon response to load, with leg dominance a possible influencing factor.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaeili
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aughey
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: UTC; football; recovery; tendinopathy; ultrasound