title: Diagnostic Value of High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) Protein in Acute and Perforated Appendicitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal surgical emergencies. Early diagnosis of appendicitis can reduce perforation and mortality rate. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been identified as a pro-inflammatory factor and its elevated serum levels have been noted in different diseases. So, the aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of HMGB1 in patients with acute and perforated appendicitis in compare to normal appendix.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, serum samples were obtained from 81 patients with primary criteria-based appendicitis 6 hr before and 72 hr after appendectomy, in which serum levels of HMGB1 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of HMGB1 in patients with perforated appendicitis were significantly (p =.045) higher than in patients with acute appendicitis and normal appendix (p =.001) before appendectomy. Serum levels of HMGB1 were increased 72 hr after appendectomy in all the groups (p =.03) compared with the serum levels before appendectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the serum levels of HMGB1 in patients with acute and perforated appendicitis were higher than in patients with normal appendix, these findings could be useful to develop a new biomarker along with other laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis of patients with appendicitis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Surgery , School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran.
authors.forename: Shabanali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alizadeh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Immunology , Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghazavi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Immunology , Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2632-9889
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganji
authors.affiliation: b Department of Immunology , Molecular and Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences , Arak , Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mosayebi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001062:Appendectomy; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D057234:Preoperative Period; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human
keywords: ELISA method; acute appendicitis; appendicitis; high-mobility group box 1; perforated appendicitis; surgery