title: Effects of gangliosides from deer bone extract on the gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and collagen type II in interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritic chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the anti-osteoarthritic effects of deer bone extract on the gene expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and collagen type II (COL2) in interleukin-1β-induced osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary rabbit chondrocytes were treated as follows: CON (PBS treatment), NC (IL-1β treatment), PC (IL-1β + 100 µg/mL glucosamine sulphate/chondroitin sulphate mixture), and DB (IL-1β + 100 µg/mL deer bone extract).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the cell viability assay indicated that deer bone extract at doses ranging from 100 to 500 µg/mL inhibits cell death in chondrocytes induced by IL-1β. Deer bone extract was able to significantly recover the mRNA expression of COL2 that was down-regulated by IL-1β (NC: 0.79 vs. DB: 0.87,P< 0.05) and significantly decrease the mRNA expression of MMP-3 (NC: 2.24 vs. DB: 1.75) and -13 (NC: 1.28 vs. DB: 0.89) in OA chondrocytes (P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that deer bone extract induces accumulation of COL2 through the down-regulation of MMPs in IL-1β-induced OA chondrocytes. Our results suggest that deer bone extract, which contains various components related to OA, including chondroitin sulphate, may possess anti-osteoarthritic properties and be of value in inhibiting the pathogenesis of OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Lotte Confectionery Co. Ltd, Seoul 07207, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Nong Shim Co. LTD, Seoul 07057, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Jung
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Nong Shim Co. LTD, Seoul 07057, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Ug
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Cheonjam-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 55069, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Jung
keywords: Chondrocytes; collagen type II; interleukin-1β; matrix metalloproteinases; osteoarthritis