title: α-Isocubebenol alleviates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by repressing acetylcholinesterase activity.
abstract: α-Isocubebenol (ICO) isolated from Schisandra chinensis fruit was recently shown to exert neuroprotective properties with significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Here, we present evidence of the novel effects of ICO on alleviation of cognitive impairment. To confirm these effects, ICR mice were pretreated with two different doses of ICO for 3 weeks and scopolamine (SP) to induce memory impairment for the last 7days of the period. A passive avoidance test showed that ICO pretreatment recovered memory impairment in SP treated mice, although there was no difference between the two doses. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly decreased in the SP+ICO treated group compared with the SP+Vehicle treated group. Additionally, significant recovery of the number of apoptotic cells and the ratio of apoptosis proteins (Bcl-2/Bax) were detected in the SP+ICO treated group than the SP+Vehicle treated group. Moreover, ICO treatment attenuated the decrease of ERK phosphorylation by SP treatment. These results indicate that ICO from S. chinensis fruit could be applied as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for cognitive improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Ah
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yung Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Biologics Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (MFDS), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chang Joon
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Horticultural Bioscience, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ywchoi@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young Whan
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: dyhwang@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Dae Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D057567:Memory, Long-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012601:Scopolamine; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C571662:alpha-iso-cubebenol; D012601:Scopolamine; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase
keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Cognitive impairment; Scopolamine; α-iso-cubebenol