title: Modern Endodontic Microsurgery Concepts: A Clinical Update.
abstract: Increased use of the surgical operating microscope in endodontic surgery has elucidated many shortcomings of previous techniques and along with microsurgical instruments and new more biologically acceptable root-end filling materials has started the new microsurgical era in surgical endodontics. Endodontic microsurgery is a minimally invasive technique that results in less postoperative pain and edema and faster wound healing. It offers a significantly higher success rate than traditional apical surgery technique. The components, key concepts and procedural steps of endodontic microsurgery as well as the prognosis and predictability of modern root-end procedures are presented in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240S 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: sflo_@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Spyros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Floratos
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240S 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Syngcuk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D003788:Dental Pulp Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
keywords: Apical surgery; Inspection; Isthmus; Magnification; Microsurgery; Surgical operating microscope