title: Could NLRP3-Inflammasome Be a Cardiovascular Risk Biomarker in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients?
abstract: Conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) are accepted to identify asymptomatic individuals with high risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, AMI affects many patients previously classified at low risk. New biomarkers are needed to improve risk prediction. We propose to evaluate the NLRP3-inflammasome complex as a potential conventional cardiovascular risk (CVR) indicator in healthy males and post-AMI patients and compare both groups by known CVRFs. We included 109 men with no history of cardiovascular disease (controls) and 150 AMI patients attending a cardiac rehabilitation program. AMI patients had higher mean of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference than the controls. However, high percentages of the controls had a high BMI and a waist circumference >95 cm. The controls also had higher systolic blood pressure (p > 0.001), total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, dietary nutrient, and calorific intake. Fuster BEWAT score (FBS) correlated more closely than Framingham risk score (FRS) with most CVRF, groups. However, only the FBS showed a correlation with inflammasome cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Several CVRFs were significantly better in AMI patients; however, this group also had higher mRNA expression of the inflammasome gene NLRP3 and lower expression of the autophagy gene MAP-LC3. The controls had high levels of CVRF, probably reflecting unhealthy lifestyle. FBS reflects the efficiency of strategies to induce lifestyle changes such as cardiac rehabilitation programs, and could provide a sensitive evaluation CVR. These results lead to the hypothesis that NLRP3-inflammasome and associated IL-1β release have potential as CVR biomarkers, particularly in post-AMI patients with otherwise low risk scores. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 269-275.
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullón
authors.affiliation: 2 Dpto. de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológicos, Facultad de Psicología Universidad de Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cano-García
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Elísabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alcocer-Gómez
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada , Armilla, Armilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varela-López
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roman-Malo
authors.affiliation: 4 Heart Center , Virgen Macarena Hospital, Seville, Spain .
authors.forename: Rafael J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Salmerón
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix," Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada , Armilla, Armilla, Spain .
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Quiles
authors.affiliation: 5 Unidad de Reproducción Humana y Cirugía Endoscópica, Instituto para el Estudio de la Biología de la Reproducción Humana (INEBIR) , Seville, Spain .
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Navarro-Pando
authors.affiliation: 6 España y Dept of Clinical Sciences, Centre for Health & Nutrition, Universidad Europea del Atlantico , Santander, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy .
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battino
authors.affiliation: 7 CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias , Madrid, Spain .|8 Advanced Imaging Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares , and Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Cabello
authors.affiliation: 9 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain .|10 National Center for Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain .
authors.forename: Luis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Borreguero
authors.affiliation: 1 Research Laboratory, Oral Medicine Department, University of Sevilla , Sevilla, Spain .
authors.forename: Mario D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein
keywords: Framingham risk score; Fuster BEWAT score; NLRP3–inflammasome complex; cardiovascular risk factors