title: Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Early Warning Signs and Risk Factors among University Students in Jordan.
abstract: In the present study, we aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding CRC warning signs and risk factors among undergraduate students. A cross-sectional survey using standardized questionnaire developed by the Cancer Research Center in the UK was carried out in three different public universities in Jordan including Jordan University of Science and Technology, Yarmouk University, and AL al-Bayt University over a 5-month period. Volunteers were asked about their knowledge regarding CRC symptoms, risk factors, and their behaviors regarding seeking medical advice. Findings revealed that response rate was 80.1%. Vast majority of responders were female (70.9%) and 18.2% of them were studying medical-related specialties. Regarding CRC symptoms, 14.3% of responders experienced poor knowledge, 52.9% have fair knowledge, and 32.8% have good knowledge. Abdominal pain was the most recognized warning signs where 70.8% of responders could recall it. In addition, risk factors awareness was lower than warning signs awareness. About 36.1% of responders have poor knowledge, 47.4% had fair knowledge, and 16.5% had good knowledge. Unhealthy diet was the most recognized risk factor where 32.3% of responders could recall it. Moreover, females were more aware regarding CRC symptoms. Similar findings were obtained for participants who were aged 20 years or more and for those who had previous experience of cancer. Students who were studying medical-related specialties were more aware of both CRC symptoms and risk factors than those who studying other specialties. Furthermore, regarding time to seek medical attention we found that 60.6% of volunteers would seek medical advice within 1 week of noticing CRC symptoms and 12% would seek it within 2 weeks. The mean duration for seeking medical advice was found to be 1.9 weeks. University students' awareness level of CRC is poor, and therefore, extended attention should be attempted to enhance the awareness of CRC via continuous education programs, lectures, or campaigns to encourage the early detection CRC.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. nizarm@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Nizar M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Mhaidat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Belal A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Al-Husein
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Karem H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Alzoubi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Dima I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Hatamleh
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Youcef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khader
authors.affiliation: Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Sinaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matalqah
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
authors.forename: Abla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albsoul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007597:Jordan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Awareness; Bowel cancer; Colorectal cancer; Risk factors; Signs