title: Mycobacterium vaccaeinduces a strong Th1 response that subsequently declines in C57BL/6 mice.
abstract: Mycobacterium (M.) vaccaeis a fast-growing species of saprophytic bacteria that is widely distributed. To understand the host immune responses induced byM. vaccaeisolated from bovine submaxillary lymph nodes, C57BL/6 mice were infected with reference strainM. bovisBacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and isolatedM. vaccaeusing intraperitoneal injections. Comparison of the bacterial replication and organ pathology betweenM. vaccaeandM. bovisBCG revealed thatM. vaccaewas more malignant thanM. bovisin mice. We also demonstrated that serum from theM. vaccae-infected mice contained a higher expression level of gamma-interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, IL-10 and transforming growth factor beta than did the other groups, especially after week 4. Furthermore, when the numbers of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ and CD3⁺CD4⁺IL4⁺cells in the infected mice were observed by flow cytometry, we found that a powerful T helper 1 (Th1) response was induced byM. vaccaeinfection, which was associated with the emergence of CD3⁺CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺cells. However, the Th1 response declined over time, which was associated with appearance of the CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺ and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD152⁺Treg cell reaction. In addition, a strong Th2 response was found. Finally, we found thatM. vaccaeinfection increased the production of type I IFNs, which was associated with a reduced Th1 response.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.|College of Biological Science, Changchun Teacher University, Changchun 130032, China.
authors.forename: Lijiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yanlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Ziyin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Wentao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Yingcong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Chunfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Chunfeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
authors.forename: Aidong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000276:immunology*; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000502:physiology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; Mycobacterium vaccae; Th1 cells response; regulatory T cell