title: Unravelling the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity among Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from South India Using Multi-Locus Sequence Typing.
abstract: There is a slow but steady rise in the case detection rates of melioidosis from various parts of the Indian sub-continent in the past two decades. However, the epidemiology of the disease in India and the surrounding South Asian countries remains far from well elucidated. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) is a useful epidemiological tool to study the genetic relatedness of bacterial isolates both with-in and across the countries. With this background, we studied the molecular epidemiology of 32 Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates (31 clinical and 1 soil isolate) obtained during 2006-2015 from various parts of south India using multi-locus sequencing typing and analysis. Of the 32 isolates included in the analysis, 30 (93.7%) had novel allelic profiles that were not reported previously. Sequence type (ST) 1368 (n = 15, 46.8%) with allelic profile (1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 1, 3) was the most common genotype observed. We did not observe a genotypic association of STs with geographical location, type of infection and year of isolation in the present study. Measure of genetic differentiation (FST) between Indian and the rest of world isolates was 0.14413. Occurrence of the same ST across three adjacent states of south India suggest the dispersion of B.pseudomallei across the south western coastal part of India with limited geographical clustering. However, majority of the STs reported from the present study remained as "outliers" on the eBURST "Population snapshot", suggesting the genetic diversity of Indian isolates from the Australasian and Southeast Asian isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Chaitanya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tellapragada
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Defense Research and Development Organization, Gwalior, India.
authors.forename: Aayushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamthan
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Tushar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ke
authors.affiliation: Division of Microbiology, Defense Research and Development Organization, Gwalior, India.
authors.forename: Subodh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India.
authors.forename: Chiranjay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
mesh_terms: D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D016957:Burkholderia pseudomallei / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial