title: Efficacy of Intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor on patients with history of implantation failure: A randomized control trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles has been increased over the preceding years, but the majority of IVF-ET cycles still fail. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) is a glycoprotein that stimulates cytokine growth factor and induces immune system which may improve pregnancy rate in women with history of implantation failure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate GCSF ability to improve pregnancy rate in women with history of implantation failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  0.5 ml (300 µg/ml) GCSF was infused intrauterine in intervention group. Pregnancy outcomes were assessed based on clinical pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of participants was 31.95±4.71 years old. There were no significant differences between demographic characteristics in two groups (p>0.05). The pregnancy outcome in GCSF group was improved significantly (p=0.043).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GCSF can improve pregnancy outcome in patients with history of implantation failure.
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eftekhar
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Sepideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrinology and Female Infertility Unit, Roointan Arash Women's Health Research and Educational Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farid Mojtahedi
authors.affiliation: Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Nosrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Neghab
keywords: GCSF; In vitro fertilization; Pregnancy rate