title: Monitoring Building Deformation with InSAR: Experiments and Validation.
abstract: Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques are increasingly applied for monitoring land subsidence. The advantages of InSAR include high accuracy and the ability to cover large areas; nevertheless, research validating the use of InSAR on building deformation is limited. In this paper, we test the monitoring capability of the InSAR in experiments using two landmark buildings; the Bohai Building and the China Theater, located in Tianjin, China. They were selected as real examples to compare InSAR and leveling approaches for building deformation. Ten TerraSAR-X images spanning half a year were used in Permanent Scatterer InSAR processing. These extracted InSAR results were processed considering the diversity in both direction and spatial distribution, and were compared with true leveling values in both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression and measurement of error analyses. The detailed experimental results for the Bohai Building and the China Theater showed a high correlation between InSAR results and the leveling values. At the same time, the two Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) indexes had values of approximately 1 mm. These analyses show that a millimeter level of accuracy can be achieved by means of InSAR technique when measuring building deformation. We discuss the differences in accuracy between OLS regression and measurement of error analyses, and compare the accuracy index of leveling in order to propose InSAR accuracy levels appropriate for monitoring buildings deformation. After assessing the advantages and limitations of InSAR techniques in monitoring buildings, further applications are evaluated.
authors.affiliation: School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. yangkui726@126.com.|Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China. yangkui726@126.com.
authors.forename: Kui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. lyan@sgg.whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping, Beijing 100830, China. Huang.guoman@casm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Guoman
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China. chenchu622@163.com.|Tianjin Remote Sensing Center, Tianjin 300381, China. chenchu622@163.com.
authors.forename: Chu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Tianjin 300381, China. zhengpeng_wu@163.com.|Tianjin Remote Sensing Center, Tianjin 300381, China. zhengpeng_wu@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhengpeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: InSAR; OLS regression analysis; accuracy index; building deformation monitoring; measurement of error analysis; validation test