title: Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.
abstract: To identify differentially expressed hepatic genes contributing to the improvement of high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following supplementation of partially defatted flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd), diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed HF diets containing either ChrSd or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. The 2-h insulin area under the curve was significantly lowered by ChrSd, indicating that ChrSd improved insulin sensitivity. ChrSd intake also significantly reduced body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid content, and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a significant increase in food intake. Exon microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed down-regulation of genes related to triglyceride and ceramide synthesis, immune response, oxidative stress, and inflammation and upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the effects of ChrSd supplementation in a HF diet on weight gain, insulin resistance, and progression of hepatic steatosis in DIO mice were associated with modulation of hepatic genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, ceramide synthesis, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kun-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Albany, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Glenn E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bartley
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Albany, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hong-Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyeon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Whan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunsook
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5634-2267
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Albany, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Wallace
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005433:Flour; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D010936:Plant Extracts