title: Lead relative bioavailability in soils based on different endpoints of a mouse model.
abstract: Mouse is an acceptable animal model to measure lead (Pb) relative bioavailability (RBA) in contaminated soils; however, there is a lack of comparisons among Pb-RBA measurements based on different endpoints and dosing approaches. In this study, 12 soils (47.8-8123mg Pbkg-1) were assessed for Pb-RBA using Pb accumulation in mouse liver, kidneys, and/or femur following a 10-d steady state soil dose via diet, with 6 soils being measured using mouse bioassays with area under the mouse blood Pb concentration time curve (AUC) following a single gavaged dose as the endpoint. Based on individual endpoints of the steady state method, Pb-RBA in soils was 2.1-83.4%, being generally consistent among liver, kidneys, and femur with strong linear correlations between them (r2=0.74-0.89). To compensate variation in Pb distribution among different tissues, Pb-RBA was further calculated using a combined endpoint (e.g., sum of Pb accumulation in liver, kidneys, and femur). Compared to Pb-RBA based on individual tissue showing relative standard deviation (RSD) of 11.9-15.8%, Pb-RBA using the combined endpoint showed lower RSD (10.8%), thereby being more robust. For the 6 soils with Pb-RBA based on both mouse single gavaged and steady state dosing approach, no significant difference was observed; however, steady state approach was more repeatable among animals with lower RSD (11.4% vs. 34.5%). To ensure robustness of in vivo data, the steady state dosing approach with Pb accumulation in combined tissues is recommended.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shi-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: School of Water Conservancy & Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia.
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: hongboli@nju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States. Electronic address: lqma@ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Lena Q
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D007854:Lead / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead
keywords: Animal model; Contaminated soil; Endpoint; Lead; Relative bioavailability