title: New roles in hemicellulosic sugar fermentation for the uncultivated Bacteroidetes family BS11.
abstract: Ruminants have co-evolved with their gastrointestinal microbial communities that digest plant materials to provide energy for the host. Some arctic and boreal ruminants have already shown to be vulnerable to dietary shifts caused by changing climate, yet we know little about the metabolic capacity of the ruminant microbiome in these animals. Here, we use meta-omics approaches to sample rumen fluid microbial communities from Alaskan moose foraging along a seasonal lignocellulose gradient. Winter diets with increased hemicellulose and lignin strongly enriched for BS11, a Bacteroidetes family lacking cultivated or genomically sampled representatives. We show that BS11 are cosmopolitan host-associated bacteria prevalent in gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants and other mammals. Metagenomic reconstruction yielded the first four BS11 genomes; phylogenetically resolving two genera within this previously taxonomically undefined family. Genome-enabled metabolic analyses uncovered multiple pathways for fermenting hemicellulose monomeric sugars to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), metabolites vital for ruminant energy. Active hemicellulosic sugar fermentation and SCFA production was validated by shotgun proteomics and rumen metabolites, illuminating the role BS11 have in carbon transformations within the rumen. Our results also highlight the currently unknown metabolic potential residing in the rumen that may be vital for sustaining host energy in response to a changing vegetative environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Solden
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.affiliation: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Palmer, AK, USA.
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Johanna E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Plank
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, Forest Lake, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Beavers
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Carrie D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Nicora
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Sam O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Purvine
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Health Program, Forest Lake, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carstensen
authors.affiliation: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lipton
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Spalinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Firkins
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, Colllege of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kelly C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wrighton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D057231:Climate Change; D003670:Deer / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology*; D004063:Digestion; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism; D056186:Metagenomics / Q000379:methods; D010802:Phylogeny; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose; D008031:Lignin