title: Association of Postbreakfast Triglyceride and Visit-to-Visit Annual Variation of Fasting Plasma Glucose with Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was measured at baseline and after a median follow-up of 6.0 years in 161 patients with type 2 diabetes. Intrapersonal means and SD of HbA1c, systolic BP, fasting, and postmeal plasma glucose (FPG and PMPG, resp.) and serum triglycerides (FTG and PMTG, resp.) were calculated in each patient during the first 12 months after enrollment. Associations of these variables with nephropathy progression (15 patients with progression of albuminuric stages and 5 with ACR doubling within the microalbuminuric range) were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis providing odds ratio with 95% confidential interval. Patients with nephropathy progression, compared with those without nephropathy progression, had higher HbA1c (p< 0.01). They also had higher means and SD of FPG (bothp< 0.05), FTG (bothp< 0.05), and PMTG (p= 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SD-FPG (1.036, 1.001-1.073,p= 0.04) and PMTG (1.013, 1.008-1.040,p= 0.001) were significant predictors of progression of nephropathy even after adjustment for mean FPG and SD-FTG, age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, diabetes duration and therapy, means and SDs of HbA1c, PPG, FTG and systolic BP, baseline ACR, smoking status, and uses of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Consistency of glycemic control and management of postmeal TG may be important to prevent nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-Being, Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-Cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuo
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan; Diabetes Division, Sadamitsu Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo 675-0005, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8855-9268
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kazumi
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D019518:Postprandial Period; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014280:Triglycerides; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human