title: Two-dimensional solid-phase extraction strategy for the selective enrichment of aminoglycosides in milk.
abstract: An orthogonal two-dimensional solid-phase extraction strategy was established for the selective enrichment of three aminoglycosides including spectinomycin, streptomycin, and dihydrostreptomycin in milk. A reversed-phase liquid chromatography material (C18) and a weak cation-exchange material (TGA) were integrated in a single solid-phase extraction cartridge. The feasibility of two-dimensional clean-up procedure that experienced two-step adsorption, two-step rinsing, and two-step elution was systematically investigated. Based on the orthogonality of reversed-phase and weak cation-exchange procedures, the two-dimensional solid-phase extraction strategy could minimize the interference from the hydrophobic matrix existing in traditional reversed-phase solid-phase extraction. In addition, high ionic strength in the extracts could be effectively removed before the second dimension of weak cation-exchange solid-phase extraction. Combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, the optimized procedure was validated according to the European Union Commission directive 2002/657/EC. A good performance was achieved in terms of linearity, recovery, precision, decision limit, and detection capability in milk. Finally, the optimized two-dimensional clean-up procedure incorporated with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was successfully applied to the rapid monitoring of aminoglycoside residues in milk.
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Aijin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Jingyu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Gaowa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bingcheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Zhimou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Feifang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.|Key Lab of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Xinmiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides
keywords: aminoglycosides; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; solid-phase extraction; tandem mass spectrometry; weak cation-exchange chromatography