title: Pelvic congestion syndrome masquerading as osteoarthritis of the hip.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is associated with pelvic vein reflux (PVR), occasionally secondary to venous compression. Its symptoms, usually intra-pelvic, are alleviated following the abolition of this reflux by pelvic vein embolisation (PVE). The objective of this report is to present two cases of left hip pain, erroneously diagnosed as osteoarthritis, which disappeared after successful PVE and abolition of PVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two females presented with lower limb varicose veins, and also had a history of left-sided hip pain. Both had previously been investigated for the hip pain and diagnosed as osteoarthritis despite minimal arthritic changes on pelvic X-rays. During investigation for lower limb varicose veins, both showed a pelvic origin for their leg veins and hence underwent transvaginal duplex ultrasound. This revealed PVR, and PVE was planned in both patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients underwent PVE and reported 'miraculous' resolution of left hip pain and also PCS symptoms including pelvic pain, irritable bowel issues and the disappearance of pelvic dragging, with almost immediate disappearance of vulval and vaginal varicosities. One patient also noted reduced clitoral sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manifestations of PCS may vary in terms of intra- or extra-pelvic signs. PCS and PVR should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with arthritic symptoms in the hip without evident radiographic evidence.
authors.affiliation: The Whiteley Clinic, Guildford, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: The Whiteley Clinic, Guildford, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Whiteley
keywords: Osteoarthritis; pelvic congestion syndrome; pelvic vein embolisation; pelvic vein reflux