title: Impact of Proximal Vascular Ligation on Survival of Patients with Colon Cancer.
abstract: In an effort to optimize further the surgical management of colon cancer, many groups have advocated extended lymphadenectomy as a strategy to improve completeness of resection and lymph node harvest. This review evaluates lymphadenectomy according to the definitions for extent of lymph node dissection based on the guidelines provided by the Japanese Society of Cancer of the Colon and Rectum and the contemporary concepts of complete mesocolic excision and central vascular ligation. The proposed benefits of a D3 or central nodal dissection along root vessels in colon cancer is improving accuracy of lymph node evaluation and ensuring complete removal of lymph nodes that may harbor undetected tumor cells or other undefined immunologic processes important for metastases. Metastasis to central lymph nodes occurs in 1 to 8% of patients with colon cancer and is most commonly seen in T3 and T4 tumors. Although central lymph node metastasis is associated with decreased survival after resection, resection of the nodes, when present, may confer a survival benefit analogous to resection of metastasis at distant sites. Current data support a standardized anatomic approach to colonic resection with complete resection of the mesocolic envelope and ligation at least to the D2 level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA. ian.m.paquette@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Paquette
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Madoff
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Elin R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Sigurdson
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D008642:Mesenteric Veins; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015996:Survival Rate