title: Impact of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus on the expression of glucose transporters GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 in human term placenta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various studies in placental tissue suggest that diabetes mellitus alters the expression of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins, with insulin therapy being a possible modulatory factor. The aim of the present study was quantitative evaluation of the expression of glucose transporters (GLUT-1, GLUT-4, GLUT-9) in the placenta of women in both, uncomplicated and diabetic pregnancy. Additionally, the effect of insulin therapy on the expression of selected glucose transporter isoforms was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Term placental samples were obtained from healthy control (n = 25) and diabetic pregnancies, including diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG1) (n = 16), insulin-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus (GDMG2) (n = 6), and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) (n = 6). Computer-assisted quantitative morphometry of stained placental sections was performed to determine the expression of selected glucose transporter proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 in insulin-dependent diabetic women (GDMG2 + PGDM) as compared to both, control and GDMG1 groups (p < .05). Significantly increased GLUT-1 expression was observed only in placental specimens from patients with PGDM (p < .05). No statistically significant differences in GLUT expression were found between GDMG1 patients and healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study confirmed the presence of GLUT-1, GLUT-4 and GLUT-9 proteins in the trophoblast from both, uncomplicated and diabetic pregnancies. In addition, insulin therapy may increase placental expression of GLUT-4 and GLUT-9, and partially GLUT-1, in women with GDMG2/PGDM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland. stanirowski@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Paweł Jan
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Stanirowski
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szukiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pyzlak
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Włodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sawicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, II Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Mazovian Bródno Hospital, Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cendrowski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000378:metabolism*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047929:Term Birth
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; C411811:SLC2A9 protein, human
keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Glucose transporter; Placenta; Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus; Quantitative morphometry