title: Modifiable lifestyle factors that could reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate population attributable fractions for modifiable lifestyle factors and colorectal cancer in New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Relative risks for lifestyle risk factors for colorectal cancer, and population data on the prevalence of exposure in New Zealand, were used to estimate the population attributable fraction (PAF) for each risk factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six modifiable lifestyle risk factors were identified. The PAFs for these risk factors were 9% for obesity, 7% for alcohol, 4% for physical inactivity, 3% for smoking, 5% for consumption of red meat and 3% for processed meat. PAFs differed by ethnic group and sex. In women, the highest PAFs were 19% for obesity in Pacific women, 14% for obesity in Māori women, 7% for physical inactivity in Asian women, and 8% for obesity in European/other women. In men, the highest PAFs were 17% for obesity in Pacific men, 14% for high alcohol consumption in Māori men, 5% for physical inactivity in Asian men and 9% for high alcohol consumption in European/other men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking and consumption of red and processed meats could be reduced, and physical activity could be increased among New Zealanders, it would reduce the risk of colorectal cancer considerably.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Wayne Francis Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Senior Academic Lecturer, Medical Imaging, Department of Applied Science and Allied Health, Ara Institute of Canterbury, Christchurch.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.affiliation: Professor, Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frampton
authors.affiliation: Chief Science Advisor, Ministry of Health, Wellington, Adjunct Professor, School of Health Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Professorial Fellow, Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, Senior Advisor, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*