title: Optical coherence tomography angiography in pediatric choroidal neovascularization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report two cases of pediatric choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and the associated neo-vascular and retinal findings identified on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 14-year-old boy with handheld laser-induced maculopathy-related CNV and a 13-year-old boy with idiopathic CNV were evaluated with visual acuity testing, slit-lamp exam, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and OCTA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Macular CNV were identified in both pediatric patients using OCTA imaging. The first case demonstrated a classic pediatric type II CNV with a "tree-like" pattern and a single vessel in-growth site, while the second case demonstrated a type I CNV with a "glomerular" pattern.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct choroidal neovascular patterns were visualized in these two cases of pediatric CNV when compared to adult subtypes. OCTA is a noninvasive imaging modality capable of evaluating and characterizing pediatric CNV and their associated vascular patterns.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veronese
authors.affiliation: University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maiolo
authors.affiliation: Casey Eye Institute, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Casey Eye Institute, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Cambridge Health Alliance/Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Grayson W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariachiara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morara
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Unit, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Pelagio Palagi, 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ciardella
keywords: Children; Choroidal neovascularization; Optical coherence tomography angiography; Pediatric