title: A Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complex-Modified Nanoprobe for Hypoxia Bioimaging Via Time-Resolved Luminescence Microscopy.
abstract: Oxygen plays a crucial role in many biological processes. Accurate monitoring of oxygen level is important for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Autofluorescence is an unavoidable interference in luminescent bioimaging, so that an amount of research work has been devoted to reducing background autofluorescence. Herein, a phosphorescent iridium(III) complex-modified nanoprobe is developed, which can monitor oxygen concentration and also reduce autofluorescence under both downconversion and upconversion channels. The nanoprobe is designed based on the mesoporous silica coated lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles, which contains oxygen-sensitive iridium(III) complex in the outer silica shell. To image intracellular hypoxia without the interferences of autofluorescence, time-resolved luminescent imaging technology and near-infrared light excitation, both of which can reduce autofluorescence effectively, are adopted in this work. Moreover, gradient O2concentration can be detected clearly through confocal microscopy luminescence intensity imaging, phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, and time-gated imaging, which is meaningful to oxygen sensing in tissues with nonuniform oxygen distribution.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tianshe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kenneth Yin
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210023 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and the State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Institute of Biomedicine Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fuyou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) Nanjing 211816 P.R. China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: biosensors; energy transfer; oxygen nanoprobes; phosphorescence; time‐resolved luminescent imaging