title: Detection of Multiple Parallel Transmission Outbreak of Streptococcus suis Human Infection by Use of Genome Epidemiology, China, 2005.
abstract: Streptococcus suis sequence type 7 emerged and caused 2 of the largest human infection outbreaks in China in 1998 and 2005. To determine the major risk factors and source of the infections, we analyzed whole genomes of 95 outbreak-associated isolates, identified 160 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and classified them into 6 clades. Molecular clock analysis revealed that clade 1 (responsible for the 1998 outbreak) emerged in October 1997. Clades 2-6 (responsible for the 2005 outbreak) emerged separately during February 2002-August 2004. A total of 41 lineages of S. suis emerged by the end of 2004 and rapidly expanded to 68 genome types through single base mutations when the outbreak occurred in June 2005. We identified 32 identical isolates and classified them into 8 groups, which were distributed in a large geographic area with no transmission link. These findings suggest that persons were infected in parallel in respective geographic sites.
authors.forename: Pengcheng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jieping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ruiting
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Changyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Huaiqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jiantao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D017011:Streptococcus suis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D000073336:Whole Genome Sequencing
keywords: 2005; China; PBC; Streptococcus suis; bacteria; bacterial infection; genome epidemiology; industrialized piglet supply system; outbreak; parallel transmission; piglet breeding company; streptococci; zoonoses