title: Transjugular closure of secundum atrial septal defects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the results of a steerable delivery system under the guidance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the treatment of transjugular closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD).
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2015 to May 2016, 33 patients underwent transjugular closure of a secundum ASD under general anesthesia with TEE guidance. The right internal jugular vein was punctured and a FuStar™ steerable sheath was implanted into the right atrium and aligned vertically with the septum, and a closure device was deployed to close the defect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two patients with an ASD were successfully occluded; one patient required ASD closure on cardiopulmonary bypass. Procedure time ranged from 5 to 15 (8.2 ± 3.8) min. The length of stay was three to five days after the operation. The follow-up time ranged from 1.1 to 11.0 (5.5 ± 1.5) months. There was no valve regurgitation, no malignant arrhythmias, no device dislocation, or other serious complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A steerable delivery system under the guidance of TEE is a safe, effective, and cosmetic method for the transjugular closure of secundum ASDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Tai-Bing
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Jie
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Kai-Yuan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
authors.forename: Si-Jie
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult