title: EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care Questionnaire: Translation and Validation in Italian PICUs.
abstract: To translate and validate the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care questionnaire to measure parent satisfaction and experiences in Italian PICUs.
  
  
  
  Prospective, multicenter study.
  
  
  
  Four medical/surgical Italian PICUs in three tertiary hospitals.
  
  
  
  Families of children, 0-16 years old, admitted to the PICUs were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were PICU length of stay greater than 24 hours and good comprehension of Italian language by parents/guardians. Exclusion criteria were readmission within 6 months and parents of a child who died in the PICU.
  
  
  
  Distribution, at PICU discharge, of the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care questionnaire with 65 items divided into five domains and a six-point rating scale: 1 " certainly no" to 6 "certainly yes."
  
  
  
  Back and forward translations of the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care questionnaire between Dutch (original version) and Italian languages were deployed. Cultural adaptation of the instrument was confirmed by a consultation with a representative parent group (n = 10). Totally, 150 of 190 parents (79%) participated in the study. On item level, 12 statements scored a mean below 5.0. The Cronbach's α, measured for internal consistency, on domain level was between 0.67 and 0.96. Congruent validity was measured by correlating the five domains with four gold standard satisfaction measures and showed adequate correlations (rs, 0.41-0.71; p < 0.05). No significant differences occurred in the nondifferential validity testing between three children's characteristics and the domains; excepting parents with a child for a surgical and planned admission were more satisfied on information and organization issues.
  
  
  
  The Italian version of the EMpowerment of PArents in THe Intensive Care questionnaire has satisfactory reliability and validity estimates and seems to be appropriate for Italian PICU setting. It is an important instrument providing benchmark data to be used in the process of quality improvement toward the development of a family-centered care philosophy within Italian PICUs.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital V Buzzi-Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy. 2Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 3Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. 4Professional Development Continuing Education and Nursing Research Service-Medical Direction, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. 5Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. 6Department of Pediatric Medical Surgical Cardiology, Children's Hospital Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. 7Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Milan, Italy. 8School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom. 9School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Faculty of Human Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolfler
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannini
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finistrella
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calderini
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frasson
authors.forename: Immacolata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dall'Oglio
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Furia
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Iuzzolino
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musicco
authors.forename: Jos M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Latour
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D011209:Power, Psychological; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011594:Psychometrics; D058996:Quality Improvement; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations