title: Ineffective breathing pattern in cardiac postoperative patients: Diagnostic accuracy study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of ineffective breathing pattern (IBP) in postoperative cardiac patients.
  
  
  
  A diagnostic accuracy study was performed with 98 patients. Measures of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the ROC curve were calculated.
  
  
  
  IBP was present in 23.5% of the patients. Alterations in depth of breathing (sensitivity 96%, negative likelihood ratio 0.11%) and pursed-lip breathing (sensitivity 99%, negative likelihood ratio 0.07%) were the most sensitive defining characteristics for IBP, while altered chest excursion (specificity 97%, positive likelihood ratio 11.41%) and prolonged expiration phase (specificity 99%, positive likelihood ratio 42.39%) were the most specific.
  
  
  
  Some clinical indicators were more related to the presence or absence of IBP than others. Knowledge of such measures can help nurses to assess patients more accurately.
authors.affiliation: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60612-7350. Electronic address: vanessaemille@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vanessa Emille Carvalho
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: de Sousa
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil 65900-000. Electronic address: livia_mp@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lívia Maia
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pascoal
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 60430-160. Electronic address: ranielly_vidal@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ranielly Vidal
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 60430-160. Electronic address: talitaferreiraoliveira@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Talita Ferreira Oliveira
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: de Matos
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 60430-370. Electronic address: beatriz.enfermagem@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Beatriz Amorim
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Beltrão
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 60430-160. Electronic address: viviane.silva@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Viviane Martins
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil 60430-160. Electronic address: marcos@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Marcos Venícios de Oliveira
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012119:Respiration; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures
keywords: Nursing assessment; Nursing diagnosis; Postoperative care; Respiratory signs and symptoms