title: A novel mouse model of high flow-induced pulmonary hypertension-surgically induced by right pulmonary artery ligation.
abstract: This study sought to establish a new model of high-flow pulmonary hypertension (PH) in mice. This model may be useful for studies seeking to reduce the pulmonary vascular resistance and delay the development of PH caused by congenital heart disease.
  
  
  
  The right pulmonary artery was ligated via a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Pulmonary hemodynamics was evaluated by right heart catheterization immediately after ligation and at 2, 4, 8, and 12 wk postoperatively. The right ventricle (RV) and the left ventricle (LV) with septum (S) were weighed to calculate the RV/(LV + S) ratio as an index of right ventricular hypertrophy. Morphologic changes in the left lungs were analyzed, and percentages of muscularized pulmonary vessels were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin, elastica van Gieson and alpha-smooth muscle actin staining. All the study data were compared with data from a model of PH generated by hypoxic stimulation.
  
  
  
  A pulmonary hypertensive state was successfully induced by 2 wk after surgery. However, the morphologic analysis demonstrated that pulmonary vascular muscularization, as evaluated using right ventricular systolic pressure and RV/(LV + S), was not significantly increased until 4 wk postoperatively. When mice from the new model and the hypoxic model were compared, no significant differences were observed in any of the evaluated indices.
  
  
  
  High-flow PH can be induced within 4 wk after ligation of the right pulmonary artery, which is easily performed in mice. Such mice can be used as a model of high-flow PH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Anchen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Hongfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Shengwei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: xinlingdu@mail.hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: jiahong.xia@mail.hust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiahong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011897:Random Allocation
keywords: Animal model; CTEPH; Hypoxia; Pulmonary hypertension; Right pulmonary artery ligation