title: A Method for Evaluating the Efficacy of Antifouling Paints Using Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Laboratory in a Flow-Through System.
abstract: A laboratory test with a flow-through system was designed and its applicability for testing antifouling paints of varying efficacies was investigated. Six different formulations of antifouling paints were prepared to have increasing contents (0 to 40 wt.%) of Cu2O, which is the most commonly used antifouling substance, and each formulation of paint was coated on just one surface of every test plate. The test plates were aged for 45 days by rotating them at a speed of 10 knots inside a cylinder drum. A behavioral test was then conducted using five mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) that were pasted onto the coated surface of each aged test plate. The number of the byssus threads produced by each mussel generally decreased with increasing Cu2O content of the paint. The newly designed method was considered valid owing to the high consistency of its results with observations from the field experiment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-9718
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Risk Consulting, Japan NUS Co., Ltd, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Cyril Glenn Perez
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Satuito
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Risk Consulting, Japan NUS Co., Ltd, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Katsuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Hiroshima R&D Centre, Chugoku Marine Paints, Ltd, Otake, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Environment and Engine System, National Maritime Research Institute, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001681:Biological Assay; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D015233:Models, Statistical; D049878:Mytilus; D010150:Paint / Q000032:analysis*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater
chemical_list: D003300:Copper; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; C030973:cupric oxide