title: Correlation of Conformational Changes and Protein Degradation with Loss of Lysozyme Activity Due to Chlorine Dioxide Treatment.
abstract: Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a potent oxidizing agent used for the treatment of drinking water and decontamination of facilities and equipment. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the manner in which ClO2destroys proteins by studying the effects of ClO2on lysozyme. The degree of enzyme activity lost can be correlated to the treatment time and levels of the ClO2used. Lysozyme activity was drastically reduced to 45.3% of original enzyme activity when exposed to 4.3 mM ClO2in the sample after 3 h. Almost all activities were lost in 3 h after exposure to higher ClO2concentrations of up to 16.8 and 21.9 mM. Changes in protein conformation and amount as a result of ClO2treatment were determined using the Raman spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. Raman shifts and the alteration of spectral features observed in the ClO2-treated lysozyme samples are associated with loss of the α-helix secondary structure, tertiary structure, and disulfide bond. Progressive degradation of the denatured lysozyme by increasing levels of chlorine dioxide was also observed in gel electrophoresis. Hence, ClO2can effectively cause protein denaturation and degradation resulting in loss of enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA. Beng.Ooi@mtsu.edu.
authors.forename: Beng Guat
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, 37132, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon Alyssa
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Branning
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D009113:Muramidase / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D059748:Proteolysis
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D010087:Oxides; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Biocidal treatment; Chlorine dioxide treatment; Lysozyme activity; Microbial deactivation; Protein denaturation; Raman spectroscopy