title: Rutin-Nickel Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, Antioxidant, DNA Binding, and DNA Cleavage Activities.
abstract: The rutin-nickel (II) complex (RN) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, UV-visible spectroscopy, IR, mass spectrometry,1H NMR, TG-DSC, SEM, and molar conductivity. The low molar conductivity value investigates the non-electrolyte nature of the complex. The elemental analysis and other physical and spectroscopic methods reveal the 1:2 stoichiometric ratio (metal/ligand) of the complex. An antioxidant study of rutin and its metal complex against DPPH radical showed that the complex has more radical scavenging activity than free rutin. The interaction of complex RN with DNA was determined using fluorescence spectra and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that RN can intercalate moderately with DNA, quench a strong intercalator ethidium bromide (EB), and compete for the intercalative binding sites. The complex showed significant cleavage of pBR 322 DNA from supercoiled form (SC) to nicked circular form (NC), and these cleavage effects were dose-dependent. Moreover, the mechanism of DNA cleavage indicated that it was a hydrolytic cleavage pathway. These results revealed the potential nuclease activity of the complex to cleave DNA.
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Aun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shumaila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bano
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Xiuquan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Rong Xian
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Haider
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Furqan Muhammad
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Changkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China. jt.u@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3289-3352
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ouyang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D056831:Coordination Complexes / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D004278:DNA, Superhelical / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry*; D012431:Rutin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056831:Coordination Complexes; D004278:DNA, Superhelical; D012431:Rutin; D009532:Nickel
keywords: Antioxidant; DNA binding; DNA cleavage; Rutin–nickel (II) complex