title: New insights into sucking, swallowing and breathing central generators: A complexity analysis of rhythmic motor behaviors.
abstract: Sucking, swallowing and breathing are dynamic motor behaviors. Breathing displays features of chaos-like dynamics, in particular nonlinearity and complexity, which take their source in the automatic command of breathing. In contrast, buccal/gill ventilation in amphibians is one of the rare motor behaviors that do not display nonlinear complexity. This study aimed at assessing whether sucking and swallowing would also follow nonlinear complex dynamics in the newborn lamb. Breathing movements were recorded before, during and after bottle-feeding. Sucking pressure and the integrated EMG of the thyroartenoid muscle, as an index of swallowing, were recorded during bottle-feeding. Nonlinear complexity of the whole signals was assessed through the calculation of the noise limit value (NL). Breathing and swallowing always exhibited chaos-like dynamics. The NL of breathing did not change significantly before, during or after bottle-feeding. On the other hand, sucking inconsistently and significantly less frequently than breathing exhibited a chaos-like dynamics. Therefore, the central pattern generator (CPG) that drives sucking may be functionally different from the breathing CPG. Furthermore, the analogy between buccal/gill ventilation and sucking suggests that the latter may take its phylogenetic origin in the gill ventilation CPG of the common ancestor of extant amphibians and mammals.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Pediatric and Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Pediatric and Pharmacology-Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Praud
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, Paris, France; Equipe de Statistique Appliquée ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Quenet
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Médicale (Département R3S), F-75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Similowski
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS1158 Neurophysiologie respiratoire expérimentale et clinique, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Charles Foix, Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles de la Respiration, de l'Exercice et de la Dyspnée (Département R3S), F-75013, Paris, France. Electronic address: christian.straus@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Straus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001903:Bottle Feeding; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010507:Periodicity; D012119:Respiration; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep; D013391:Sucking Behavior / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Complexity; Control of breathing; Lamb; Sucking; Swallowing