title: Intracellular Trafficking Modulation by Ginsenoside Rg3 InhibitsBrucella abortusUptake and Intracellular Survival within RAW 264.7 Cells.
abstract: Ginsenoside Rg3, a saponin extracted from ginseng, has various pharmacological and biological activities; however, its effects againstBrucellainfection are still unclear. Herein, the inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg3 against intracellular parasiticBrucellainfection were evaluated through bacterial infection, adherence assays, and LAMP-1 colocalization, as well as immunoblotting and FACS for detecting MAPK signaling proteins and F-actin polymerization, respectively. The internalization, intracellular growth, and adherence ofBrucella abortusin Rg3-treated RAW 264.7 cells were significantly decreased compared with the Rg3-untreated control. Furthermore, an apparent reduction of F-actin content and intensity of F-actin fluorescence in Rg3-treated cells was observed compared withB. abortus-infected cells without treatment by flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy, respectively. In addition, treating cells with Rg3 decreased the phosphorylation of MAPK signaling proteins such as ERK 1/2 and p38 compared with untreated cells. Moreover, the colocalization ofB. abortus-containing phagosomes with LAMP-1 was markedly increased in Rg3-treated cells. These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 inhibitsB. abortusinfection in mammalian cells and can be used as an alternative approach in the treatment of brucellosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tran Xuan Ngoc
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Huy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.|Department of Veterinary Paraclinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines.
authors.forename: Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Huynh Tan
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hop
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Lauren Togonon
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Arayan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: WonGi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hu Jang
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Man Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hong Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.|Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002003:Brucella abortus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3
keywords: B. abortus; ginsenoside Rg3; inhibitory effect; intracellular growth; macrophage