title: Ginseng Protein Reverses Amyloid Beta Peptide and H2O2Cytotoxicity in Neurons, and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in AD Rats Induced by a Combination of D-Galactose and AlCl3.
abstract: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most widely used herbal medicines worldwide. The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of ginseng protein (GP) and its possible mechanisms in a cellular and animal model of AD. The results demonstrated that GP (10-100 µg/mL) significantly improved the survival rate of neurons and reduced the cells' apoptosis and the mRNA expression of caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, GP (0.1 g/kg) significantly shortened the escape latency, prolonged the crossing times and the percentage of residence time; reduced the level of Aβ1-42and p-tau, the activity of T-NOS and iNOS, and the content of MDA and NO, improved the activity of SOD, the concentration of cAMP and the protein expression of p-PKA/PKA and -CREB/CREB. The results demonstrated that GP significantly inhibited Alzheimer-like pathophysiological changes induced by Aβ25-35or H2O2in cells or those induced by D-gal/ Al in animals. These neuroprotective effects of GP may be associated with the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. Also, in combination with our previous studies, these results indicate that the anti-AD mechanism of GP was likely to activate the CREB pathway through multiple channels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.|State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Tianmin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Zhenyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Shaoheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Tingguo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, 116600, China.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; ginseng; neuroprotective; oxidative stress; protein