title: Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPARα.
abstract: Ketogenesis and ketolysis are central metabolic processes activated during the response to fasting. Ketogenesis is regulated in multiple stages, and a nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) is one of the key transcription factors taking part in this regulation. PPARα is an important element in the metabolic network, where it participates in signaling driven by the main nutrient sensors, such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) and induces hormonal mediators, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). This work describes the regulation of ketogenesis and ketolysis in normal and malignant cells and briefly summarizes the positive effects of ketone bodies in various neuropathologic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland. m.grabacka@ur.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabacka
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, Poland. m.pierzchalska@ur.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierzchalska
authors.affiliation: Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. mdean3@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.affiliation: Neurological Cancer Research, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 1700 Tulane Ave, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. kreiss@lsuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007657:Ketone Bodies; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D047493:PPAR alpha
keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglytaryl-CoA synthetase 2 (HMGCS2); fasting; fenofibrate; glioma; melanoma; β hydroxybutyrate