title: [Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major health burden with an incidence of 1.3 million new cases worldwide and a mortality of almost 8.5%. It is the 2nd most common cancer in women (1st breast carcinoma) and 3rd most common in men (1st lung carcinoma, 2nd prostate carcinoma). CRC alongside breast, lung, prostate and stomach cancer is in the top five most common cancers in men and women worldwide. There are still more than 50% of CRC patients diagnosed with advanced disease (stage III and IV) in the Czech Republic. Genetically, CRC is a very heterogeneous disease with many factors playing key roles in pathogenesis. There are two types of CRC, hereditary with an incidence of between 5% and 10% with APC (FAP, aFAP) or MMR (HNPCC) genes affected, and sporadic colorectal cancer with an incidence of 90-95% with a lot of mutations in variable genes that accumulate during pathogenesis (APC, KRAS, MMR, microRNA, CIMP etc.). Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of CRC (hereditary, sporadic) is crucial for treatment, assessment of risk, prognosis, and patient follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article summarizes the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic and hereditary CRC.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Král
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slyšková
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vodička
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Špičák
mesh_terms: D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D000075389:DCC Receptor; D053843:DNA Mismatch Repair / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C555337:APC protein, human; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D000075389:DCC Receptor; C501909:DCC protein, human; C117307:KRAS protein, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
keywords: colorectal cancer - pathogenesis - hereditary - sporadic - risk factorsThis work was supported by grant of Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. 15-08239S.The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs; products or services used in the study.The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers.Submitted: 3. 5. 2016Accepted: 2. 6. 2016.