title: Sequential hydrophile and lipophile solubilization as an efficient method for decellularization of porcine aortic valve leaflets: Structure, mechanical property and biocompatibility study.
abstract: Antigenicity of xenogeneic tissues is the major obstacle to increased use of these materials in clinical medicine. Residual xenoantigens in decellularized tissue elicit the immune response after implantation, causing graft failure. With this in mind, the potential use is proposed of three protein solubilization-based protocols for porcine aortic valve leaflets decellularization. It was demonstrated that hydrophile solubilization alone achieved incomplete decellularization; lipophile solubilization alone (LSA) completely removed all cells and two most critical xenoantigens - galactose-α(1,3)-galactose (α-Gal) and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) - but caused severe alterations of the structure and mechanical properties; sequential hydrophile and lipophile solubilization (SHLS) resulted in a complete removal of cells, α-Gal and MHC I, and good preservation of the structure and mechanical properties. In contrast, a previously reported method using Triton X-100, sodium deoxycholate and IGEPAL CA-630 resulted in a complete removal of all cells and MHC I, but with remaining α-Gal epitope. LSA- and SHLS-treated leaflets showed significantly reduced leucocyte activation (polymorphonuclear elastase) upon interaction with human blood in vitro. When implanted subdermally in rats for 6 weeks, LSA- or SHLS-treated leaflets were presented with more biocompatible implants and all four decellularized leaflets were highly resistant to calcification. These findings illustrate that the SHLS protocol could be considered as a promising decellularization method for the decellularization of xenogeneic tissues in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Hua
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Zhengzhou, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al Shirbini
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Nian-Guo
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D000939:Epitopes / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D000939:Epitopes; D008055:Lipids
keywords: biocompatibility; decellularization; extracellular matrix; mechanical property; tissue engineered heart valve; xenogeneic tissue