title: Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Nanosolutions for a Big Challenge.
abstract: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particular immunopathological subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR) and amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) gene. Characterized by aggressive and metastatic phenotypes and high rates of relapse, TNBC is the only breast cancer subgroup still lacking effective therapeutic options, thus presenting the worst prognosis. The development of targeted therapies, as well as early diagnosis methods, is vital to ensure an adequate and timely therapeutic intervention in patients with TNBC. This review intends to discuss potentially emerging approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of TNBC patients, with a special focus on nano-based solutions that actively target these particular tumors.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal.
authors.forename: Tânia Filipa S
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal.
authors.forename: Leon D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Kluskens
authors.affiliation: Centre of Biological Engineering University of Minho 4710-057 Braga Portugal.
authors.forename: Lígia Raquel
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
keywords: cancer therapy; diagnostics; drug delivery; nanotechnology; triple negative breast cancer (TNBC)