title: Serial Epithelial Lining Fluid Collection Using Bronchoscopic Microsampling in a Canine Lung Transplantation Model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As a less invasive alternative to bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchoscopic microsampling (BMS) was developed to identify molecules present in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the distal airways. Here, we evaluated the utility of BMS for serial collection of ELF in a canine lung transplant model.
  
  
  METHODS
  ELF was collected hourly by BMS up to 5 hours after reperfusion in a canine left lung transplant model. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in ELF were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were compared with those in BAL fluid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serial collection of ELF by BMS in graft lungs was possible without adverse effects. However, the partial pressure of oxygen was markedly decreased because of ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. Probe ELF absorption ranged from 1-18 µL. TNF-α expression was significantly elevated and detected for 5 hours after reperfusion, whereas it was very low in the sham-operated group (p < 0.05). TNF-α concentration in BAL fluid was less than one-hundredth of that in ELF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BMS was safe and effective for serial ELF collection in grafted lungs. Temporal changes in TNF-α corresponded with ischemia-reperfusion lung injury. This is the first study to adopt BMS to elucidate pulmonary function after lung transplantation.
authors.forename: Kana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oiwa
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan. kohno@1993.jukuin.keio.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsutomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiumi
authors.forename: Kichizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaga
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwazaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D004285:Dogs; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D023421:Models, Animal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D010100:Oxygen