title: Comparative evaluation of efficacy of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, maleic acid, and dimercaptosuccinic acid against the combination of these with sodium hypochlorite for removal of smear layer: Anin vitroscanning electron microscope study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and maleic acid (MA) when used alone on smear layer has been evaluated with mixed results, but their effect when combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has not been studied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, MA, and DMSA against the combination of these with NaOCl in the removal of smear layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  n= 4pq/L2q = 1 - p p = Incident rate L = Allowable error.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty extracted, anterior teeth were radiovisiographically assessed. Access preparation was done; apical patency was established. Cleaning and shaping was accomplished using step-back technique. The specimens were randomly allocated as per the final irrigation protocol. After final irrigation, teeth were prepared for scanning electron microscope analysis, and the middle and apical thirds of radicular dentin were evaluated at ×1000 for evaluation of severity of occlusion of dentinal tubules with smear layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were statistically analyzed using the Student'st-test and kappa test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For combined irrigation, 10% DMSA + NaOCl was significantly better than all other groups both in the middle third and the apical third. It was more effective in the middle third than at apical third.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten percent DMSA in combination with NaOCl removes the smear layer more effectively at both the middle and apical third.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Rishikesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meshram
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Yogita Dental College, Khed, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sathawane
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mahatma Gandhi Vidyamandir's KBH Dental College and Hospital, Nashik, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Roshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, VYWS Dental College, Amravati, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Narayan Gunaji
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Jibhkate
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Hitesh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gyanani
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
keywords: Dimercaptosuccinic acid; maleic acid; smear layer; sodium hypochlorite