title: Travel and professional networks in the origins of Spanish psychiatry.
abstract: This article examines the importance of travel and professional networks in the origins of Spanish psychiatry. After reviewing the early alienists' Enlightenment predecessors and their therapeutic and professional trajectories, it describes the trips to foreign psychiatric institutions made during the second third of the nineteenth century by a group of exiled Spanish doctors, commissioners and pioneers. Later, as they became more socially, institutionally and professionally established, some figures of Spanish psychological medicine cultivated their connections and international profile by organizing or attending conferences and other scientific events. This case illustrates the important role of international relations and scientific and professional networks in the spread of psychiatric discourses and practices.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Institut d'Història de la Medicina i de la Ciència López Piñero/Universitat de València. Plaça de Cisneros, 4. 46003 - Valencia - Spain. enric.novella@uv.es.
authors.forename: Enric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Novella
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation / Q000266:history*; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy; D010820:Physicians / Q000266:history; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D013030:Spain; D014195:Travel / Q000266:history*