title: Oxidative stress, a trigger of hepatitis C and B virus-induced liver carcinogenesis.
abstract: Virally induced liver cancer usually evolves over long periods of time in the context of a strongly oxidative microenvironment, characterized by chronic liver inflammation and regeneration processes. They ultimately lead to oncogenic mutations in many cellular signaling cascades that drive cell growth and proliferation. Oxidative stress, induced by hepatitis viruses, therefore is one of the factors that drives the neoplastic transformation process in the liver. This review summarizes current knowledge on oxidative stress and oxidative stress responses induced by human hepatitis B and C viruses. It focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which these viruses activate cellular enzymes/systems that generate or scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control cellular redox homeostasis. The impact of an altered cellular redox homeostasis on the initiation and establishment of chronic viral infection, as well as on the course and outcome of liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis will be discussed The review neither discusses reactive nitrogen species, although their metabolism is interferes with that of ROS, nor antioxidants as potential therapeutic remedies against viral infections, both subjects meriting an independent review.
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Vladimir T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Valuev-Elliston
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Daria A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Tyurina
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Ivanova
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Kochetkov
authors.affiliation: Inserm U1052, Cancer Research Center Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.|DevWeCan Laboratories of Excellence Network, France.
authors.forename: Birke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bartosch
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.|Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Isaguliants
mesh_terms: D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000378:metabolism*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000821:virology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D015398:Signal Transduction
keywords: carcinogenesis; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; pathogenesis; reactive oxygen species