title: Diacylglycerol kinase ζ limits the polarized recruitment of diacylglycerol-enriched organelles to the immune synapse in T cells.
abstract: The antigen-induced formation of an immune synapse (IS) between T cells and antigen-presenting cells results in the rapid generation of the lipid second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in T cells. Diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ) converts DAG into phosphatidic acid (PA). Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from mice deficient in DGKζ have enhanced antiviral and antitumor activities, indicating that the amount of DAG controls the effectiveness of the T cell response. We characterized the second C1 domain of protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ), a DAG-binding protein that is specifically recruited to the IS, as a biological sensor to observe the generation of a DAG gradient during IS formation. In experiments with transgenic mouse CTLs expressing the OT-I T cell receptor (TCR), we showed that both strong and weak interactions between antigen and the TCR led to the rapid generation of DAG, whereas only strong interactions induced the movement of DAG-enriched organelles toward the IS. In DGKζ-deficient CTLs, antigen stimulation led to the enhanced accumulation of DAG-containing organelles at the IS; however, impaired activation of the PA effector PKCζ resulted in lack of reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center toward the IS, a process needed for effective T cell activation. Together, these data suggest that the activation of DGKζ downstream of antigen recognition provides a mechanism that ensures the activation of PA-dependent signaling as a direct result of the strength of TCR-dependent DAG mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andrada
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Almena
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julia Sáez
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: de Guinoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Merino-Cortes
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liébana
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arcos
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain. imerida@cnb.csic.es.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Merida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D054992:Immunological Synapses / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D015388:Organelles / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C526463:DGKZ protein, human; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; C512480:diacylglycerol kinase zeta, mouse