title: Phenolics extracted from tartary (Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth) buckwheat bran exhibit antioxidant activity, and an antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through the p38/MAP kinase pathway.
abstract: Phenolics extracted from tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth) bran were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The bioactivity of the phenolic extracts was evaluated, such as the antioxidant activity, and the inhibition capacity on the growth of cancer cells. The molecular mechanism for the inhibitive effect on cancer cells was explored. Results indicated that tartary buckwheat bran phenolics mainly exist in a free form, and free phenolics were twice as abundant as bound phenolics. Free caffeic acid (119.75 μg per 100 mg DW) and bound rutin (51.66 μg per 100 mg DW) represented the main free and bound phenolic compounds, respectively. The free phenolic extract contributed to the major (>90%) antioxidant activities including the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and cellular antioxidant activity (CAA). The free phenolic extract exhibited anticancer activity for human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This significant inhibition effect was achieved through the p38/MAP kinase pathway by inducing cell apoptosis (up-regulating p-p38 and p-ASK1 expressions and down-regulating TRAF2 and p-p53 expressions), and negatively regulating the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 to S phase (increased expression of p21 and suppressed expressions of PCNA, cyclin D1 and CDK4). All these results indicated that tartary buckwheat bran could be a rich resource of natural antioxidants and inhibitors for the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China. mingjian1972@163.com food_mj@swu.edu.cn and School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
authors.forename: Fuhua
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China. mingjian1972@163.com food_mj@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China. mingjian1972@163.com food_mj@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China. mingjian1972@163.com food_mj@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Keke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, 245 Stocking Hall and Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, USA.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China. mingjian1972@163.com food_mj@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ming
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C446759:TIFA protein, human; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53