title: Compatibility of MRI and FDG-PET findings with histopathological results in patients with focal cortical dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to determine if the specific characteristics of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) analyses of the FCD subgroups were compatible with the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical findings of the patients in these subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 71 patients who had a presurgical evaluation workup performed due to drug-resistant seizures, who underwent epilepsy surgery, and who were histopathologically diagnosed with FCD. Relationships involving MRI and FDG-PET findings and clinical data from pathological subgroups and patients were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classifications of FCD, 28 of the patients were type I and 43 were type II. FCD was visible on the MRI scans of 53 patients, and a majority of this group was classified as type II FCD (n=34). Of these 53 patients, FCD was located in the temporal area of 21 patients, the extratemporal area of 29 patients. Of the patients who exhibited FDG-PET hypometabolism (PET-positive), 23 were classified as temporal, 17 as frontal, 11 showed involvement of the posterior cortex. The age of seizure onset was younger in PET-positive patients (p=0.032), and histopathological analyses revealed that 23 patients had type I FCD and 30 patients had type II FCD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PET scans reveal a lesion by showing hypometabolism in patients who have refractory epilepsy and an early age of onset with FCD. The lesions of MRI-negative/PET-positive FCD patients tend to be localized in the temporal lobe and that FCD may be localized in the frontal lobe of MRI-negative/PET-negative patients. However, the histopathological examinations of MRI-positive/PET-positive, MRI-negative/PET-positive, and MRI-negative/PET-negative patients did not exhibit a particular histopathological subtype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: halacdr@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Gulistan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halac
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Electrophysiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sakir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delil
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zafer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Isler
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Comunoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Buge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Electrophysiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S Naz
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Yeni
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vatankulu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halac
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Electrophysiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cıgdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozkara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014741:Video Recording; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
keywords: Drug-resistant epilepsy; Focal cortical dysplasia; MRI; PET