title: Plasma Cathepsin S and Cathepsin S/Cystatin C Ratios Are Potential Biomarkers for COPD.
abstract: Purpose. This study aimed to examine whether plasma levels of cathepsin S or its inhibitor, cystatin C, may serve as biomarkers for COPD.Patients and Methods. We measured anthropometrics and performed pulmonary function tests and chest CT scans on 94 patients with COPD and 31 subjects with productive cough but no airflow obstruction ("at risk"; AR). In these subjects and in 52 healthy nonsmokers (NS) and 66 healthy smokers (HS) we measured plasma concentrations of cathepsin S and cystatin C using an ELISA. Data were analyzed using simple and logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses.Results. Cathepsin S and cystatin C plasma levels were significantly higher in the COPD and AR groups than in the NS and HS groups (p< 0.01). Among the COPD patients and AR subjects, plasma cathepsin S levels and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios, but not cystatin C levels, were negatively related to severe airflow limitation (% FEV1predicted < 50%;p= 0.005) and severe emphysema as assessed by low attenuation area (LAA) score on chest CT scans (LAA ≥ 8.0;p= 0.001).Conclusion. Plasma cathepsin S and cathepsin S/cystatin C ratios may serve as potential biomarkers for COPD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7434-9764
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuduki
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chubachi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirahata
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mashimo
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minematsu
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tateno
authors.affiliation: Center for General Internal Medicine and Education, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Seitaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Bartolome R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betsuyaku
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000097:blood*; D055316:Cystatin C / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055316:Cystatin C; D002403:Cathepsins; C028217:cathepsin S