title: Peripheral Lipopolysaccharide Challenge Induces Long-Term Changes in Tyrosine Hydroxylase Regulation in the Adrenal Medulla.
abstract: Immune activation can alter the activity of adrenal chromaffin cells. The effect of immune activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the adrenal medulla in vivo was determined between 1 day and 6 months after LPS injection. The plasma levels of eleven cytokines were reduced 1 day after LPS injection, whereas the level for interleukin-10 was increased. The levels of all cytokines remained at control levels until 6 months when the levels of interleukin-6 and -4 were increased. One day after LPS injection, there was a decrease in TH-specific activity that may be due to decreased phosphorylation of serine 31 and 40. This decreased phosphorylation of serine 31 and 40 may be due to an increased activation of the protein phosphatase PP2A. One week after LPS injection, there was increased TH protein and increased phosphorylation of serine 40 that this was not accompanied by an increase in TH-specific activity. All TH parameters measured returned to basal levels between 1 month and 3 months. Six months after injection there was an increase in TH protein. This was associated with increased levels of the extracellular regulated kinase isoforms 1 and 2. This work shows that a single inflammatory event has the capacity to generate both short-term and long-term changes in TH regulation in the adrenal medulla of the adult animal. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2096-2107, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Lin Kooi
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Page
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Gabrielle D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Liying
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Dun
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Verrills
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Dunkley
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D054648:Protein Phosphatase 2
keywords: ADRENAL MEDULLA; CYTOKINES; PERIPHERAL INFLAMMATION; PROTEIN KINASES; PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 2A; TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE