title: Liquid Water- and Heat-Resistant Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics via an Inverted ALD Oxide Electron Extraction Layer Design.
abstract: Despite rapid advances in conversion efficiency (>22%), the environmental stability of perovskite solar cells remains a substantial barrier to commercialization. Here, we show a significant improvement in the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells against liquid water and high operating temperature (100 °C) by integrating an ultrathin amorphous oxide electron extraction layer via atomic layer deposition (ALD). These unencapsulated inverted devices exhibit a stable operation over at least 10 h when subjected to high thermal stress (100 °C) in ambient environments, as well as upon direct contact with a droplet of water without further encapsulation.
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: In Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Duyen H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: D Bruce
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Buchholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Omar K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Farha
authors.affiliation: Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hupp
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.|Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Mercouri G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kanatzidis
authors.affiliation: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.|Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.
authors.forename: Alex B F
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Martinson
keywords: Hybrid perovskites; atomic layer deposition; inverted design; photovoltaics; stability