title: Lung Cancer in Patients With Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. A Descriptive Study in a Spanish Series.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information on the association of lung cancer (LC) and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is limited and derived almost exclusively from series in Asian populations. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of LC on survival in CPFE patients and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed with data from patients with CFPE and IPF diagnosed in our hospital over a period of 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six patients were included, 29 with CPFE and 37 with IPF. Nine had a diagnosis of LC (6 with CPFE and 3 with IPF). Six patients (67%) received palliative treatment even though 3 of them were diagnosed atstage i-ii. Overall mortality did not differ significantly between groups; however, in patients with LC, survival was significantly lower compared to those without LC (P=.044). The most frequent cause of death was respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary fibrosis exacerbation (44%). In a multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of death among patients with LC compared to patients without LC was 6.20 (P=.037, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 34.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung cancer reduces survival in both entities. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of LC is hampered by the increased risk of complications after any treatment modality, even after palliative treatment.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Barcelona Research Network (BRN), Barcelona, España. Electronic address: karisoe@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Portillo
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perez-Rodas
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Olivé
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guasch-Arriaga
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Centeno
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becker-Lejuez
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanz-Santos
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Barcelona Research Network (BRN), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Felip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andreo García
authors.affiliation: Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España; Barcelona Research Network (BRN), Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, España; Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Manzano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D054990:Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Combinación de fibrosis pulmonar y enfisema; Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; Cáncer de pulmón; Fibrosis pulmonar idiopática; Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; Lung cancer