title: In vitro interaction ofMetarhizium anisopliaeMa9236 andBeauveria bassianaBb9205 withHeterorhabditis bacteriophoraHNI0100 for the control ofPlutella xylostella.
abstract: The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is a major pest of broccoli crops in Colombia. To controlP. xylostella, we evaluated the interaction ofBeauveria bassianaBb9205 andMetarhizium anisopliaeMa9236 withHeterorhabditis bacteriophoraHNI0100 and its bacterial symbiontPhotorhabdus luminescensHNI0100. We used antagonism and disk diffusion assays with fungal extracts to test the interaction between symbiotic bacterium and fungi.P. luminescensinhibited the growth ofB. bassianaandM. anisopliaeup to 40% by the secretion of secondary metabolites, whereas fungal extracts did not inhibitP. luminescens; this explains the in vivo interactions of these biological control agents. To test the interaction between fungi and nematodes, we first inoculated the fungi followed by the nematodes on different days (0, 2, 4, and 6). We identified the type of interaction using the formula by Nishimatsu and Jackson (J Econ Entomol 91:410-418, 1998) and established that on days 0, 2 and 4 there was an antagonistic interaction, while a synergistic interaction occurred on day 6. Therefore, the use of the interaction betweenH. bacteriophoraHNI0100 withM. anisopliaeMa9236 andB. bassianaBb9205 is an innovative alternative for the control ofP. xylostella.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Grupo de Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Correa-Cuadros
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Grupo de Biología de Plantas y Sistemas Productivos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3201-7731
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sáenz-Aponte
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C. Colombia.
authors.forename: M X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Bocanegra
keywords: Biological control; Broccoli; Diamondback moth; Entomopathogenic fungi; Entomopathogenic nematodes