title: Fast UPLC/PDA determination of squalene in Sicilian P.D.O. pistachio from Bronte: Optimization of oil extraction method and analytical characterization.
abstract: A fast reversed-phase UPLC method was developed for squalene determination in Sicilian pistachio samples that entry in the European register of the products with P.D.O. In the present study the SPE procedure was optimized for the squalene extraction prior to the UPLC/PDA analysis. The precision of the full analytical procedure was satisfactory and the mean recoveries were 92.8±0.3% and 96.6±0.1% for 25 and 50mgL-1level of addition, respectively. Selected chromatographic conditions allowed a very fast squalene determination; in fact it was well separated in ∼0.54min with good resolution. Squalene was detected in all the pistachio samples analyzed and the levels ranged from 55.45-226.34mgkg-1. Comparing our results with those of other studies it emerges that squalene contents in P.D.O. Sicilian pistachio samples, generally, were higher than those measured for other samples of different geographic origins.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: asalvo@unime.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy. Electronic address: llatorre@unime.it.
authors.forename: Giovanna Loredana
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Vita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Stefano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Capocchiano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mangano
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saija
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pellizzeri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Katia Erminia
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute (S.A.S.T.A.S.), University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dugo
mesh_terms: D005504:Food Analysis; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012802:Sicily; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D010938:Plant Oils; D013185:Squalene
keywords: Food analysis; Green pistachio Bronte (P.D.O.); Squalene(,) pistachio (Pistacia vera L.); UPLC/PDA analysis