title: The Prevalence of Strabismus and Associated Risk Factors in a Southeastern Region of Brazil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of strabismus and associated risk factors in southeastern Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, population-based study using a systematic sample from nine municipalities in a southeastern region of Brazil composed of 1852 individuals aged ≥1 and ≤12 years old was done. Visual acuity (VA), ocular alignment, and refractive error (RE) were evaluated. Strabismic individuals (strabismus group) were compared to orthotropic individuals (orthotropic group) to analyze risk factors linked to heterotropias.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of strabismus was 0.81% in this population. In the strabismus group, we found 40% with hyperopia, 6.67% with astigmatism, 3.33% with myopia, 6.67% with amblyopia, and 8.33% with moderate anisometropia. In the orthotropic group, 6.85% had hyperopia, 18.12% astigmatism, 14.82% myopia, 0.19% amblyopia, and 4.37% moderate anisometropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of strabismus in southeastern Brazil was 0.81%. Strabismic individuals had more hyperopia. Amblyopia and moderate anisometropia were associated with strabismus.
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luisa Fioravanti
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-9363
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Schaal
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvana Artioli
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schellini
authors.affiliation: a Departamento de Oftalmologia e Otorrinolaringologia da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo Toledo
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Pesci
authors.affiliation: b King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.affiliation: c Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-9682
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Padovani
authors.affiliation: c Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu , Botucatu , SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Corrente
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013285:Strabismus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Amblyopia; anisometropia; orthotropias; refractive errors; squint