title: Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers among local residents measured 6years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill.
abstract: In December 2007, the Hebei Spirit oil spill occurred on the west coast of South Korea. Association between crude oil exposure and the levels of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers was reported among the local residents, 1.5years after the accident. The aim of this study was to follow-up possible longer-term effects of the oil spill among the residents near the oil spill. Six years after the accident, urinary oxidative stress biomarkers of the residents were associated with surrogates of oil exposure. The target subjects were divided into two groups based on the distance of their residence to the spill site, i.e., those near the spill site ('Near' group, n=476), and those far from the spill ('Far' group, n=152). A questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers or self-reporting, and demographic information and other parameters of the participants, such as socioeconomic status, smoking and drinking behaviors, disease history, and duration of clean-up activities after the spill, were collected. The participants' levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 12 h urine samples were measured as indicators of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. A general linear model was used for statistical analysis. Urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels measured from 'Near' group, i.e., geometric mean of 2.19μmol/g creatinine, and 5.41μg/g creatinine, respectively, were higher than those of 'Far' group. Especially, urinary 8-OHdG levels in the 'Near' group were significantly higher than those of 'Far' after adjusting relevant covariates. In addition, the duration of clean-up activities showed a significant association with both urinary 8-OHdG and MDA levels. Even 6years after the oil spill, positive associations between oxidative stress biomarkers and surrogates of oil exposure were evident. While the present study design lacks biomarkers of exposure, the results of this study suggest that the consequences of oil pollution may last for years.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Ah
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su Ryeon
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Kwan
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeonhee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kyungho@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyungho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000652:urine*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003849:Deoxyguanosine
keywords: 8–OHdG; Environmental disaster; Long–term health effect; MDA; Oil spill; Oxidative stress