title: Exogenous salicylic acid alleviates the toxicity of chlorpyrifos in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum).
abstract: The role of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in protecting wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) from contamination by the insecticide chlorpyrifos was investigated in this study. The wheat plants were grown in soils with different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40mgkg-1) of chlorpyrifos. When the third leaf emerged, the wheat leaves were sprayed with 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16mgL-1of SA once a day for 6 days. The results showed that wheat exposed to higher concentrations of chlorpyrifos (≥20mgkg-1) caused declines in growth and chlorophyll content and altered the activities of a series of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Interestingly, treatments with different concentrations of SA mitigated the stress generated by chlorpyrifos and improved the measured parameters to varying degrees. Furthermore, a reverse transcription and quantitative PCR experiment revealed that the activities of SOD and CAT can be regulated by their target gene in wheat when treated with SA. We also found that SA is able to block the accumulation of chlorpyrifos in wheat. However, the effect of SA was related to its concentration. In this study, the application of 2mgL-1of SA had the greatest ameliorating effect on chlorpyrifos toxicity in wheat plants.
authors.affiliation: College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China. Electronic address: zhangqingminghf@163.com.
authors.forename: Qingming
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010544:Peroxidases; D060387:Ascorbate Peroxidases; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D004390:Chlorpyrifos; D020156:Salicylic Acid
keywords: Chlorpyrifos; Oxidative stress; Salicylic acid; Toxicity; Wheat