title: Characteristics of bovine lactoferrin powders produced through spray and freeze drying processes.
abstract: Bovine lactoferrin (LFb) powders were produced using spray drying and freeze drying. Industrially obtained fresh liquid-LFbwas used as starting material. The antioxidant capacity, solubility in water, moisture sorption behaviour, the extent of denaturation and changes in the secondary structural features of spray-dried (SDLFb) and freeze-dried bovine lactoferrin (FDLFb) powders were determined. The residual moisture content, water activity, particle size and amorphous/crystalline nature of the SDLFband FDLFbwere also measured. Results showed that both SDLFband FDLFbpowders had negligible denaturation and conformation changes compared to the liquid-LFb. Both SDLFband FDLFbshowed type II sorption behaviour with almost identical monolayer moisture content. The SDLFbpowders were amorphous in nature with >98% solubility in water. The antioxidant activity of SDLFbwas similar to that of the liquid-LFbwhile it was ∼6% less in FDLFb. Based on the residual moisture content, water activity, solubility and preservation of secondary structure of LFbin resultant powders, a spray drying process with 180°C inlet and 95°C outlet temperature was found to produce similar or better quality LFbpowders compared to the ones produced through a freeze drying process.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia.
authors.forename: Yakindra Prasad
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Timilsena
authors.affiliation: School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blanch
authors.affiliation: School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia; CSIRO Manufacturing Flagship, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia. Electronic address: benu.adhikari@rmit.edu.au.
authors.forename: Benu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adhikari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005612:Freeze Drying; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011208:Powders; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D014867:Water; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Denaturation; Freeze drying; Lactoferrin; Spray drying