title: Micromovement Evaluation of Original and Compatible Abutments at the Implant-abutment Interface.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Use of compatible abutments may increase micromovements between the abutments, and the inner part of the implant may increase the stress on marginal bone level. Also micromovement will change the volume of the inner space of the implant-abutment complex. The resulting pumping effect can transport even initially immobile microorganisms from the exterior to the interior and vice versa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mechanical comportment of OsseoSpeed™ Tx implants connected with original and compatible abutments in vitro under simulated clinical loading conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 OsseoSpeed™ TX implants (4 × 11 mm) were used and divided into three groups (n = 5). Three types of abutments were used in the study; group I: Five original Ti Design™ abutments, group II: Five Natea™ abutments, and group III: Implanet™ abutments. Abutments used in groups II and III were all compatible with Astra Tech Implant System™. Implants were embedded into resin. Simulating the human masticatory cycle, the axial force vector was increased up to a defined maximum (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 N) and inclined 30° to the implant axis. A radiograph amplifier was used to convert the X-ray projection into a picture. The visual evaluation of the frames and the provided X-ray videos were evaluated for an existing microgap in width and length between the implant and the abutment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An initial width gap was observed in groups II and III in four of the five samples with an average of 6.5 and 5 μm respectively. When the axial forces reach 75 N, only groups II and III demonstrated a gap width of 5.2 ± 3.63 and 4.8 ± 3.03 μm, and a gap length of 5.2 ± 3.63 and 94 ± 125.3 μm respectively. At 200 N, group I showed a gap width of 8.4 ± 1.67 μm and a gap length of 187.6 ± 43.6 μm, while groups II and III showed a gap width of 12.4 ± 3.29 and 22.8 ± 5.76 μm, and a gap length of 387.2 ± 84.36 and 641.2 ± 122.6 μm respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study and under the parameters used and from the resulting data collected, we can presume that the use of compatible components leads to significant micromovement when compared with the use of original ones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of compatible prosthetic components with original implants showed significant micromovements when compared with the use of abutment and implant from the same manufacturer. Clinically, the micromovements when associated with leakage leads to bone loss around the neck of the implant and later to peri-implantitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon, Phone: +9613731173, e-mail: anberberi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berberi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine Saint Joseph's University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Dagher
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maroun
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wasfi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kanj
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Saint Joseph's University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: El Zoughbi
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Amine
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine Saint Joseph's University, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Aramouni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Philippe
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D000044:Dental Abutments; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D009068:Movement; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Compatible; Gap; Implant-abutment interface Micromovement.