title: PREDICTORS OF INFANT AND TODDLER BLACK BOYS' EARLY LEARNING: SEIZING OPPORTUNITIES AND MINIMIZING RISKS.
abstract: Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) data set (U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Statistics, 2001), this study examined child, family, and community factors in the early years (infant and toddler years) to predict the cognitive and language outcomes for preschool-age Black boys in relation to Black girls and White boys. Findings indicate that Black children face many challenges, with Black boys experiencing less sensitive parenting as compared to their peers. We live in a highly complex, racialized environment. While there are universal indicators that predict children's preschool outcomes such as strong social positioning and positive parenting, there are, in addition, some indicators that are more beneficial for Black boys' early development, including a stable, less urban home environment with parents engaging in "tough love."
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska.
authors.forename: Iheoma U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Iruka
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002665:Child Psychiatry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D007858:Learning; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008689:Methacrylates; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; C483029:Temphase
keywords: Armut, Bildung; Black boys; Erziehung; Gesundheit; Kleinkinder; Säuglinge; crianza; educación; education; farbige Jungen; garçons noirs ; health; infantes; infants; jeunes enfants ; niñitos pequeñitos; niños varones negros; nourrisson ; parentage ; parenting; pauvreté ; pobreza; poverty; salud; santé ; toddler; éducation; 乳児; 健康; 嬰兒; 幼児; 幼兒; 教育; 育児; 育兒; 貧困; 黑人男孩; 黒人男児