title: How To Achieve Durable Pulmonary Vein Antral Isolation?
abstract: The inability to achieve durable pulmonary vein isolation(PVI) remains a major limitation to a catheter ablation for thew treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF), potentially resulting in AF recurrence.In this review,we discuss the research performed investigating methods to improve lesion permanence for the goal of durable PVI.Investigations evaluted procedural techniques,various catheres utilized, adjunctive pharamacologic therapy and novel energy sources designed to improve ablation lesion permanence are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Gill Heart Institute and VAMC, Cardiology, Lexington, KY.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Darrat
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Gill Heart Institute and VAMC, Cardiology, Lexington, KY.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: Biase L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Di
authors.affiliation: Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Gill Heart Institute and VAMC, Cardiology, Lexington, KY.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Elayi