title: Green and efficient extraction of rutin from tartary buckwheat hull by using natural deep eutectic solvents.
abstract: In this study, an efficient extraction technique using a combination of ultrasound and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) was developed. Some basic physical properties, including viscosity, polarity, and solubility, of thirteen NADESs prepared from natural components were investigated systematically. Results show that the solubility of rutin increased in choline chloride- and glycerol-based NADESs by 660-1577times compared to water. NADESs with high rutin extractability can be designed by combining NADESs components. A maximum of 9.5mg/g rutin was extracted from tartary buckwheat hull with extraction efficiencies of 95%. NADESs can be recovered and recycled. In addition, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the tested NADESs were also evaluated. The results demonstrated that these NADESs were excellent solvents with extremely low toxicities and favorable biodegradabilities. Our findings suggest that NADESs can be used as green solvents for the extraction of bioactive ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voglmeir
authors.affiliation: Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China. Electronic address: zgchen@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhi-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D012431:Rutin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D012431:Rutin
keywords: Biodegradability; Natural deep eutectic solvents; Rutin; Tartary buckwheat hull; Toxicity