title: Recent advances on determination of milk adulterants.
abstract: Milk adulteration is a current fraudulent practice to mask the quality parameters (e.g. protein and fat content) and increase the product shelf life. Milk adulteration includes addition of toxic substances, such as formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, dichromate, salicylic acid, melamine, and urea. In order to assure the food safety and avoid health risks to consumers, novel analytical procedures have been proposed for detection of these adulterants. The innovations encompass sample pretreatment and improved detection and data processing, including chemometric tools. This review focuses on critical evaluation of analytical approaches for assay of milk adulteration, with emphasis on applications published after 2010. Alternatives for fast, environmentally friendly and in-situ detection of milk adulterants are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento Acadêmico de Química e Biologia, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Poliana M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Análise Instrumental Aplicada, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edenir Rodrigues
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Pereira-Filho
authors.affiliation: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Universidade de São Paulo, P.O. Box 96, 13400-970 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: frprocha@cena.usp.br.
authors.forename: Fábio R P
authors.initials: FRP
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014227:Triazines; C011907:melamine
keywords: Chemometrics; Electroanalysis; Fats; Food adulteration; Hydrogen peroxide; Melamine; Milk analysis; Spectrometry