title: Impact of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Volume Reduction and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Patients with Prostate Cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on prostate volume, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), and LUTS-related quality of life (QOL) in patients with prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) were treated with goserelin and bicalutamide for 24 weeks. Changes in the total prostate volume (TPV), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and QOL score for urinary symptoms were assessed every 12 weeks. Of the 42 patients enrolled, 8 patients withdrew and 2 were excluded, so 32 patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age, PSA levels, and TPV were 77.5 years, 22.0 ng/mL, and 29.5 cm3, respectively. TPV showed a significant decrease from baseline in weeks 12 and 24, with the mean percent decreases being -37.5 ± 4.25 and -7.5 ± 3.84%, respectively. The IPSS decreased from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 (from 11.7 ± 1.6 to 9.3 ± 1.0 and 9.3 ± 1.0; P = 0.15 and 0.2, respectively). The IPSS voiding score showed a significant decrease from baseline to weeks 12 and 24 whereas the IPSS storage score did not. In patients with moderate to severe LUTS, the IPSS and the QOL score showed a significant decrease in weeks 12 and 24. In patients with mild LUTS, nocturia increased significantly from baseline and there was approximately one additional episode of nocturia at 24 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we observed that ADT significantly reduced TPV and improved LUTS in patients with PCa and moderate to severe LUTS, but increased nocturia in patients with mild LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Washino
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimitoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nishiohmiya Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D017273:Goserelin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053158:Nocturia / Q000209:etiology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D017273:Goserelin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C053541:bicalutamide; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: androgen deprivation therapy; lower urinary tract symptoms; nocturia; prostate volume; quality of life for urinary symptoms