title: A novel l-leucine modified Sol-Gel-Carbon electrode for simultaneous electrochemical detection of homovanillic acid, dopamine and uric acid in neuroblastoma diagnosis.
abstract: Neuroblastoma is a pediatric neuroblastic tumor arising in the sympathetic nervous crest cells. A high grade of Neuroblastoma is characterized by a high urinary excretion of homovanillic acid and dopamine. In this work l-leucine modified Sol-Gel-Carbon electrode was used for a sensitive voltammetric determination of homovanillic acid and dopamine in urine. The electrochemical response characteristics were investigated by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry; the modified electrode has shown an increase in the effective area of up to 40%, a well-separated oxidation peaks and an excellent electrocatalytic activity. High sensitivity and selectivity in the linear range of 0,4-100μML-1of homovanillic acid and 10-120μML-1of dopamine were also obtained. Moreover, a sub-micromolar limit of detection of 0.1μM for homovanillic acid and 1.0μM for the dopamine was achieved. Indeed, high reproducibility with simple preparation and regeneration of the electrode surface made this electrode very suitable for the determination of homovanillic acid and dopamine in pharmaceutical and clinical preparations. The mechanism of homovanillic acid and the electrochemical oxidation at l-leucine modified Sol-Gel-Carbon electrode is described out the B3P86/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory as implemented in Gaussian software.
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco. Electronic address: redkha001@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Redouan El
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Khamlichi
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Dounia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bouchta
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, College of Science and Humanities Studies, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharij 11942, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: El Hassane
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Anouar
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mounia Ben
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Atia
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco.
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Choukairi
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Saloua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tazi
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Raissouni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ihssane
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Chaoukat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faiza
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Draoui
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: Team Electrochemistry and Interfacial Systems (ERESI), Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essaâdi, M'Hannech II, B.P. 2121, 93002 Tétouan, Morocco.
authors.forename: Riffi Temsamani
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Khalid
mesh_terms: D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D004566:Electrodes; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007930:Leucine / Q000737:chemistry*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid; D007930:Leucine; D004298:Dopamine; D006719:Homovanillic Acid
keywords: Dopamine (DA); Homovanillic acid (HVA); Neuroblastoma (NB); Uric acid (UA); l-leucine modified Sol-Gel-Carbon electrode (l-leu-Sol-Gel-C electrode)