title: Technology-assisted language intervention for children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing; a pilot study of augmentative and alternative communication for enhancing language development.
abstract: Pilot study to assess the effect of augmentative and alternative communication technology to enhance language development in children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing.
  
  
  
  Five children ages 5-10 years with permanent bilateral hearing loss who were identified with language underperformance participated in an individualized 24-week structured program using the application TouchChat WordPower on iPads®. Language samples were analyzed for changes in mean length of utterance, vocabulary words and mean turn length. Repeated measures models assessed change over time.
  
  
  
  The baseline median mean length of utterance was 2.41 (range 1.09-6.63; mean 2.88) and significantly increased over time (p = 0.002) to a median of 3.68 at final visit (range 1.97-6.81; mean 3.62). At baseline, the median total number of words spoken per language sample was 251 (range 101-458), with 100 (range 36-100) different words spoken. Total words and different words significantly increased over time (β = 26.8 (7.1), p = 0.001 for total words; β = 8.0 (2.7), p = 0.008 for different words). Mean turn length values also slightly increased over time.
  
  
  
  Using augmentative and alternative communication technology on iPads®shows promise in supporting rapid language growth among elementary school-age children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing with language underperformance.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , United States.
authors.forename: Jareen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meinzen-Derr
authors.affiliation: b Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , United States.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.affiliation: b Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , United States.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.affiliation: a Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , United States.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: b Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , United States.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grether
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010865:Pilot Projects
keywords: Deaf or hard-of-hearing; augmentative and alternative communication; hearing loss; language; technology