title: Non-host Resistance Induced by theXanthomonasEffector XopQ Is Widespread within the GenusNicotianaand Functionally Depends on EDS1.
abstract: Most Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria translocate effector proteins (T3Es) directly into plant cells via a conserved type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity in susceptible plants. In resistant plants, recognition of some T3Es is mediated by corresponding resistance (R) genes or R proteins and induces effector triggered immunity (ETI) that often results in programmed cell death reactions. The identification ofRgenes and understanding their evolution/distribution bears great potential for the generation of resistant crop plants. We focus on T3Es fromXanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoria(Xcv), the causal agent of bacterial spot disease on pepper and tomato plants. Here, 86Solanaceaelines mainly of the genusNicotianawere screened for phenotypical reactions afterAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of 21 differentXcveffectors to (i) identify new plant lines for T3E characterization, (ii) analyze conservation/evolution of putativeRgenes and (iii) identify promising plant lines as repertoire forRgene isolation. The effectors provoked different reactions on closely related plant lines indicative of a high variability and evolution rate of potentialRgenes. In some cases, putativeRgenes were conserved within a plant species but not within superordinate phylogenetical units. Interestingly, the effector XopQ was recognized by severalNicotianaspp. lines, andXcvinfection assays revealed that XopQ is a host range determinant in manyNicotianaspecies. Non-host resistance againstXcvand XopQ recognition inN. benthamianarequiredEDS1, strongly suggesting the presence of a TIR domain-containing XopQ-specific R protein in these plant lines. XopQ is a conserved effector among most xanthomonads, pointing out the XopQ-recognizing RxopQas candidate for targeted crop improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Adlung
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thieme
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Banik
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagel
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gantner
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Physiology, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delker
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stuttmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonas
keywords: EDS1; ETI; Nicotiana benthamiana; Non-host resistance; Solanaceae; Xanthomonas; XopC; XopQ