title: Isolation of Clostridium difficile from dogs with digestive disorders, including stable metronidazole-resistant strains.
abstract: The prevalence of Clostridium difficile in 107 dogs with diverse digestive disorders attended in a Spanish veterinary teaching hospital was assessed. The microorganism was isolated from 13 dogs (12.1%) of different disease groups. Isolates belonged to PCR ribotypes 078, 106, 154 and 430 (all of them toxigenic) and 110 (non-toxigenic), and were resistant to several antimicrobial drugs. Notably, seven isolates obtained from different dogs displayed stable resistance to metronidazole. The results of this study provide further evidence that dogs can act as a reservoir of C. difficile strains of epidemic ribotypes with resistance to multiple antibiotics.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orden
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: jlblanco@ucm.es.
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garcia-Sancho
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Franco
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sainz
authors.affiliation: Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villaescusa
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Celine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Harmanus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuijper
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004285:Dogs; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D021521:Ribotyping
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D008795:Metronidazole
keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Clostridium difficile; Digestive disorders; Dog