title: First survey on antibiotic resistance markers in Enterobacteriaceae in Cochabamba, Bolivia.
abstract: A molecular survey was conducted in Cochabamba, Bolivia, to characterize the mechanism involved in the resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics. Extended Spectrum β-lactamase encoding genes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) markers were investigated in a total of 101 oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria recovered from different health centers during four months (2012-2013). CTX-M enzymes were detected in all isolates, being the CTX-M-1 group the most prevalent (88.1%). The presence of blaOXA-1was detected in 76.4% of these isolates. A high quinolone resistance rate was observed among the included isolates. The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was the most frequent PMQR identified (83.0%). Furthermore, 6 isolates harbored the qnrB gene. Interestingly, qepA1 (6) and oqxAB (1), were detected in 7 Escherichia coli, being the latter the first to be reported in Bolivia. This study constitutes the first molecular survey on resistance markers in clinical enterobacterial isolates in Cochabamba, Bolivia, contributing to the regional knowledge of the epidemiological situation. The molecular epidemiology observed herein resembles the scene reported in South America.
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina.
authors.forename: Paola M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Saba Villarroel
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina.
authors.forename: Gabriel O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Gutkind
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina; Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Santa Fe, CP 3000, Argentina.
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Di Conza
authors.affiliation: Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, CP 1113, Argentina. Electronic address: mradice@ffyb.uba.ar.
authors.forename: Marcela A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Radice
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001838:Bolivia; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: Bolivia; CTX-M; OqxAB; QepA; QnrB