title: Implications of Epigenetic Mechanisms and their Targets in Cerebral Ischemia Models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Understanding the complexities associated with the ischemic condition and identifying therapeutic targets in ischemia is a continued challenge in stroke biology. Emerging evidence reveals the potential involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the incident and outcome of stroke, suggesting novel therapeutic options of targeting different molecules related to epigenetic regulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This review summarizes our current understanding of ischemic pathophysiology, describes various in vivo and in vitro models of ischemia, and examines epigenetic modifications associated with the ischemic condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  We focus on microRNAs, DNA methylation, and histone modifying enzymes, and present how epigenetic studies are revealing novel drug target candidates in stroke.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finally, we discuss emerging approaches for the prevention and treatment of stroke and post-stroke effects using pharmacological interventions with a wide therapeutic window.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Priya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jhelum
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Bhanu C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Karisetty
authors.affiliation: CSIR, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Habsiguda, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India.
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India.
authors.forename: Sumana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D006801:Humans; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
keywords: HDAC inhibitors; JMJD2 inhibitors; REST complex; angiogenesis; micro RNA; neurogenesis; stroke