title: Self-rated psychopathic traits in a sample of treatment-seeking adolescent girls with internalizing and externalizing disorders: comparisons to girls in the community.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychopathy research has thus far focused mostly on child, male, and delinquent samples, but the results are most likely non-generalizable to adolescent girls with mental health disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to compare self-rated psychopathic traits between female psychiatric outpatients and girls in the community, and to investigate how psychopathic traits relate to psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outpatient sample comprised 163 girls aged 15-17-years recruited from municipal mental health services. Psychiatric diagnoses were assessed based on the ICD-10 classification. The community sample comprised 355 girls from secondary, vocational, and high schools. The Youth Psychopathic trait Inventory (YPI) served as a self-assessment tool.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment-seeking girls exhibit a more impulsive and irresponsible lifestyle than do girls in the community. Girls with externalizing psychopathology, unlike those with an internalizing disorder, exhibit more deficient affective experience than do girls in the community. Psychopathic traits associate with having a psychiatric disorder, a depressive disorder, ADHD, and a conduct disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The psychiatric examination of treatment-seeking adolescent girls would likely benefit from screening for psychopathy and its underlying components.
authors.affiliation: a Psychiatry , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshukova
authors.affiliation: b School of Medicine, Tampere University , Tampere , Finland.|c Department of Adolescent Psychiatry , Tampere University Hospital , Tampere , Finland.|d Vanha Vaasa Hospital , Vaasa , Finland.
authors.forename: Riittakerttu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaltiala-Heino
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience , University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.|f Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.|g Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miettunen
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychiatry, Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience , University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.|f Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.|g Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marttila
authors.affiliation: h Child Psychiatry , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Children's Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Eeva T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Aronen
authors.affiliation: i Adolescent Psychiatry , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.|j Mental Health Unit , National Institute for Health and Welfare , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Mauri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marttunen
authors.affiliation: k Department of Child Psychiatry , Turku University , Turku , Finland.|l Hospital Districts of Central Ostrobothnia , Kokkola , Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaivosoja
authors.affiliation: m Forensic Psychiatry , University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital , Helsinki , Finland.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care
keywords: Externalizing disorders; girls; internalizing disorders; out-patients; psychopathic traits