title: Analysis of Urine, Oral fluid and Fingerprints by Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis Coupled to High Resolution MS and MS/MS - Opportunities for Forensic and Biomedical Science.
abstract: Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis (LESA) is a new, high throughput tool for ambient mass spectrometry. A solvent droplet is deposited from a pipette tip onto a surface and maintains contact with both the surface and the pipette tip for a few seconds before being re-aspirated. The technique is particularly suited to the analysis of trace materials on surfaces due to its high sensitivity and low volume of sample removal. In this work, we assess the suitability of LESA for obtaining detailed chemical profiles of fingerprints, oral fluid and urine, which may be used in future for rapid medical diagnostics or metabolomics studies. We further show how LESA can be used to detect illicit drugs and their metabolites in urine, oral fluid and fingerprints. This makes LESA a potentially useful tool in the growing field of fingerprint chemical analysis, which is relevant not only to forensics but also to medical diagnostics. Finally, we show how LESA can be used to detect the explosive material RDX in contaminated artificial fingermarks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK.
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Race
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, The Netherlands; Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Puit
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mattijs
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koeberg
authors.affiliation: Advion Limited Advion Limited, Harlow Enterprise Hub, Edinburgh Way Harlow, Essex CM20 2NQ, UK.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumert
authors.affiliation: National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW11 0LW, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD.
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bunch