title: Bone health measured using quantitative ultrasonography in adult males with muscular dystrophy.
abstract: To compare muscle and bone health markers in adult males (aged 20-59 yrs) with and without muscular dystrophy (MD).
  
  
  
  Participants included 11 Fascioscapulohumeral (FSH), 11 Becker's (Be), 9 limb girdle (LG), 11 Duchenne (DMD), and 14 non-dystrophic controls (CTRL). Physical activity was assessed using Bone (BPAQ) and disability specific (PASIPD) questionnaires. Bone QUS provided T- and Z scores from the Distal Radius (DR) and Mid-shaft tibia (MST). Tibialis anterior cross sectional area (TAACSA) was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Grip strength was measured in all but DMD.
  
  
  
  Physical activity was lower in DMD, FSH and BeMD than CTRL (P<0.05), and lower in DMD than other MDs (P<0.01). T and Z scores were lower in DMD and Be than CTRL (DR, P<0.05); and lower in DMD than CTRL, LG, and FSH (MST, P<0.01). TAACSAand grip strength was 35-59% and 50-58% smaller in MD than CTRL, respectively (P<0.01). Within MD, BPAQ correlated with bone QUS measures (r=0.42-0.38, P<0.01). PASIPD correlated with grip strength (r=0.65, P<0.01) and TAACSA(r=0.46, P<0.01).
  
  
  
  Muscle size, strength, and bone health was lower in adult males with MD compared to adult males without MD, the extent of this is partially determined by physical activity.
authors.affiliation: Health, Exercise and Active Living (HEAL) Research Centre, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Manchester Metropolitan University Cheshire, Crewe, CW1 5DU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Morse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tweedale
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Searle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Winwood
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Onambele-Pearson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D055815:Young Adult