title: Single Z-Plasty Versus Double-Opposing Z-Plasty: A Cadaveric Study of Palatal Lengthening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The double-opposing Z-plasty is an effective method of repairing the cleft palate due to its reorientation of the palatal musculature and lengthening of the soft palate. A technique for lengthening the palate with a single oral Z-plasty has also been described. The authors hypothesize that these 2 techniques have equivalent effects on palate length.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cadaver study was performed. Ten fresh adult cadaver heads were used.All palates were divided in the midline. In 5 specimens, a modified double-opposing Z-plasty technique was used; 5 other specimens underwent an oral Z-plasty with a straight-line repair of the nasal mucosa. In both groups, the levator veli palatini muscles were separately dissected and reapproximated with an intravelar veloplasty. The velar length, defined in this study as the distance from the posterior nasal spine to the tip of uvula, was measured before and after the surgical procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The double-opposing Z-plasty produced a mean increase of 1.0 ± 0.6 cm in velar length (P = 0.023). The single Z-plasty repair resulted in a mean gain of 1.1 ± 0.3 cm (P = 0.001). There was no difference in change in palate length between the 2 procedures (P = 0.941), and no difference in the percentage of soft palate lengthening (24% vs 29%, respectively; P = 0.565).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single oral Z -plasty provides palatal lengthening equivalent to that of a double-opposing Z-plasty procedure.
authors.affiliation: *Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO †Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, MI ‡Department of Plastic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH §Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI.
authors.forename: Jenny L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Kongkrit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chaiyasate
authors.forename: Noopur
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gangopadhyay
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachanandani
authors.forename: Albert S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woo
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D014609:Uvula / Q000601:surgery