title: Relationships Between Altered Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Activation and Cortical Thickness in Patients With Euthymic Bipolar I Disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Performance during cognitive control functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) tasks are associated with frontal lobe hypoactivation in patients with bipolar disorder, even while euthymic. Here, we study the structural underpinnings for this functional abnormality simultaneously with brain activation data.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a sample of ninety adults (45 with inter-episode Bipolar I disorder and 45 healthy controls), we explored whether abnormal functional activation patterns in bipolar euthymic subjects during a Go-NoGo fMRI task are associated with regional deficits in cortical gray matter thickness in the same regions. Cross-sectional differences in fMRI activation were used to forma-priorihypotheses for region-of-interest cortical gray matter thickness analyses. fMRI BOLD to structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) thickness correlations were conducted across the sample and within patients and controls separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During response inhibition (NoGo minus Go), bipolar subjects showed significant hypoactivation and reduced thickness in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), superior frontal gyrus and cingulate compared to controls. Cingulate hypoactivation corresponded with reduced regional thickness. A significant activation by disease state interaction was observed with thickness in left prefrontal areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced cingulate fMRI activation is associated with reduced cortical thickness. In the left frontal lobe, a thinner cortex was associated with increased fMRI activation in patients, but showed a reverse trend in controls. These findings suggest that reduced activation in the IFC and cingulate during a response inhibition task may have an underlying structural etiology, which may explain task-related functional hypoactivation that persists even when patients are euthymic.
authors.affiliation: Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Shantanu H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vizueta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foland-Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Susan Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bookheimer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Ahmanson Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Narr
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Altshuler
keywords: Bipolar I disorder; Go-NoGo task; bipolar euthymia; cortical thickness; fMRI; structure function correlation