title: Rates and Correlates of Syphilis Reinfection in Men Who Have Sex with Men.
abstract: This study examined rates and correlates of syphilis reinfection in men who have sex with men (MSM).
  
  
  
  From 2012 to 2015, time to reinfection was assessed in 323 MSM receiving initial treatment for syphilis in San Francisco.
  
  
  
  One in five men was reinfected (71/323; 22%). The rate of syphilis reinfection was greater among HIV-infected men (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.16-3.31) and ketamine users (aHR = 2.76; 95% CI = 1.09-7.00).
  
  
  
  Expanded prevention efforts are needed with HIV-infected and substance-using MSM to reduce the burden of reinfection in this population.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Community Health Systems, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Community Health Systems, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.|2 San Francisco Department of Public Health , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Glenn-Milo
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: 2 San Francisco Department of Public Health , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scheer
authors.affiliation: 3 San Francisco AIDS Foundation , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: 3 San Francisco AIDS Foundation , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Pierre-Cédric
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.affiliation: 2 San Francisco Department of Public Health , San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Community Health Systems, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine , Miami, Florida.
authors.forename: Adam W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Carrico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D060085:Coinfection; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013587:Syphilis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D007649:Ketamine
keywords: HIV; men who have sex with men (MSM); repeat syphilis; substance use