title: A Single-institution Experience with Open Irreversible Electroporation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma (LAPC) is characterized by poor prognosis despite recommended concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) has emerged as a potential option for the management of unresectable pancreatic cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of open IRE for the treatment of LAPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data of 25 consecutive patients receiving IRE for T3 lesions from July 2015 to June 2016 at a single center were analyzed. The perioperative and long-term IRE-related complications were reviewed to evaluate the safety of the procedure. The tumor reduction and biological response were analyzed through computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging; the serum level of CA19-9 was measured as a secondary endpoint to evaluate the short-term efficacy of IRE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were successfully treated; the median tumor size was 4.2 cm and the median IRE time was 36 min. Four intraoperative procedure-related complications were observed (16%): two transient hypertensive episodes, one hypotension case, and one transient supraventricular tachycardia case. Nine postoperative complications were described, including three Grade A pancreatic fistulas, three delayed gastric emptying, one acute pancreatitis, one upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and one portal vein thrombosis. The overall rate of stable disease was 28%, 36% achieved partial response, and lower serum CA19-9 levels were recorded in all patients at discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRE is feasible for the treatment of LAPC and is a reasonable intervention strategy owing to its combined attributes of safety and efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Tian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853; Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Wan-Qing
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D055011:Ablation Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen