title: A survey on lifestyle and level of biomarkers of environmental exposure in residents in Civitavecchia (Italy).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of individual exposure to toxicants in industrially contaminated areas is difficult when multiple productions are active close to residential areas. Two thermoelectric power plants and a large harbor have been operating since the '60s in the area of Civitavecchia (North of Rome).
  
  
  METHODS
  The ABC (Ambiente e Biomonitoraggio nell'area di Civitavecchia, Environment and Biomonitoring in Civitavecchia) program involved, in the period 2013-2014, residents in Civitavecchia and in the nearby municipalities (Santa Marinella, Allumiere, Tolfa and Tarquinia). They were randomly selected from the Municipal Register's data and their residence addresses were geocoded using GIS techniques. Biomonitoring of the following urinary metals, Sb, Be, Mo, Cd, Sn, W, Ir, Pt, Hg, Tl, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rh, Pd, As were performed. Glucose and lipid metabolism, liver, renal, and endocrine function were evaluated through blood laboratory tests. Tests of lung functionwere also carried out as well as saturometry (oxygen rate in the blood with an illuminated sensor placed on the fingertip), anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. Information on individual characteristics, histories of exposure, such as the consumption of local food, occupational history, lifestyle and medical history were collected through a validated questionnaire. Samples of nails and hair were also collected. The biological material (blood, urine, nails and hair) was stored in a biobank for future analysis related to the possible mechanisms of biological damage. The study protocol received the approval of the local ethics committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1177 residents were enrolled (58% female, 60% with a secondary or graduate school degree). No particular differences in metal concentrations based on the municipality of residence were observed. For arsenic, mercury, lead, and tungsten some differences between the two geographical areas were observed, probably due to different diet, lifestyle (e.g., alcohol consumption, smoking, use of jewelry and piercings, tattoos, physical activity, hormonal and mineral supplements, and drugs), and occupational exposure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The undergoing study on the association between biomarkers concentration and pollutants concentrations - estimated using a dispersion modeling approach, and adjusting for personal characteristics and concomitant other environmental exposure - could clarify the individual exposure of the residents in this industrial area.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ancona
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauleo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biscotti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caimi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cruciani
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrolati
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piras
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pizzabiocca
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Prevenzione, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 4, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rabbiosi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Chelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salatino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alimonti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Epidemiologia del Servizio Sanitario Regionale del Lazio, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forastiere
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007558:Italy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008670:Metals