title: Resilience and Life Expectations of Perinatally HIV-1 Infected Adolescents in France.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resilience of perinatally HIV-infected youth in European countries is poorly studied. Life satisfaction and expectations for adulthood are rarely examined.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional, descriptive study of a French cohort of 54 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents raised in France (age 14-20 years) aimed to (1) evaluate their psychosocial adjustment, (2) identify their expectations for adulthood and (3) delineate risk and protective factors associated with mental health, life satisfaction, and HIV-1 viral load level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical evaluation, psychological semi-structured interview, and self-report questionnaires were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the adolescents had been receiving Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) for 9 to 11 years and 2/3 were healthy with controlled viral load (<50 copies/mL). The majority had medium to high levels of life satisfaction. They viewed HIV as having only minor impact on their current daily life and had positive expectations for adulthood. However, 46% exhibited psychiatric symptomatology. Multivariable analysis showed that having a deceased parent and current worries about HIV were substantial risk factors for psychiatric symptoms. Having two living parents and being satisfied with life were protective factors for mental health. Good quality of caregiver-adolescent relationships and high life satisfaction were significant protective factors for controlled viral load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate psychosocial resilience among perinatally HIV-1 infected adolescents with 10 years of HAART treatment. These findings demonstrate the influence of life satisfaction, parent's life status and quality of caregiver-adolescent relationships on resilience and health outcomes in these patients. We conclude that healthcare providers should attend to these factors.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Unité d'Immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Funck-Brentano
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 45 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, 101 rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lambert
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Assoumou
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Unité d'Immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veber
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Unité d'Immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moshous
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Unité d'Immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, EA 7327, 149 rue de Sèvres 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frange
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Unité d'Immunologie-hématologie et rhumatologie pédiatriques, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Institut IMAGINE, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
keywords: Family relationships; France; HIV-1 adolescents; Life satisfaction; Mental health; Psychological resilience; Vertical infectious disease transmission; Viral load