title: The Correlation Between Urinary 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Hydrogen Peroxide Toward Renal Function in T2DM Patients Consuming Sulfonylurea and Combination of Metformin-Sulfonylurea.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal dysfunction is a common complication in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients associated with oxidative damage which could be characterized by 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and hydrogen peroxide level as oxidative stress markers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study is to determine if there is a difference in 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and hydrogen peroxide levels between sulfonylurea and combination of metformin-sulfonylurea in diabetic patients. We also wanted to determine if these oxidative stress markers correlate with the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study with inclusion of 55 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Dr. Sitanala Tangerang Hospital, Indonesia with purposive sampling. The value of eGFR was obtained by serum creatinine levels, while the level of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α was measured by ELISA and urinary hydrogen peroxide using FOX-1 (Ferrous Ion Oxidation Xylenol Orange 1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α and hydrogen peroxide level between the two groups (p=0.088 and p=0.848). Moreover, there was no difference in eGFR values between the two groups, measured by Cockroft-Gault, MDRD, and CKD-EPI. 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (n=55) was positively correlated with eGFR based on Cockroft-Gault (r=0.382; p=0.009), whereas urinary hydrogen peroxide (n=47) also generate significant positive correlation with eGFR based on the MDRD equation (r=0.326; p=0.021). Linear regression analysis showed that 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α is the most predictive factor and the only significant factor for eGFR in Cockroft-Gault, MDRD and also CKDEPI, even after controlled by gender, age, BMI, HbA1c, systole, and H2O2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two treatments did not have any significant differences in antioxidant activity. However, an increase of urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2. and hydrogen peroxide which correlates with eGFR in the total sample may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rani
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sauriasari
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fitri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wulandari
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rahmaningtyas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nurifahmi
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Andisyah P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.affiliation: Center of Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceuticals Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Serpong, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Veronika Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Susilo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000652:urine*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D008687:Metformin; D015237:Dinoprost; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α; estimated glomerular filtration rate; metformin; sulfonylurea; type 2 diabetes mellitus