title: The biosynthetic pathway of 2-azahypoxanthine in fairy-ring forming fungus.
abstract: "Fairy rings" resulting from fungus-stimulated plant growth occur all over the world. In 2010, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) from a fungus Lepista sordida was identified as the "fairy" that stimulates plant growth. Furthermore, 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH) was isolated as a common metabolite of AHX in plants, and the endogenous existence of AHX and AOH in plants was proved. The structure of AHX allowed us to hypothesize that AHX was derived from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR). Thus, we performed a feeding experiment that supplied AICAR to L. sordida. Consumption of AICAR and accumulation of AHX were observed after feeding. The mycelia extract had enzymatic activity of adenine/5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT). APRT gene of L. sordida revealed its structural characteristics in homology modeling and showed transcriptional enhancement after feeding. These results support that AHX was synthesized from AICAR and AHX biosynthesis was transcriptionally controlled by AICAR, indicating the presence of novel purine metabolic pathway in L. sordida.
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan.|Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Jae-Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Yurika
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dohra
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukino
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-Mita, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.|Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawagishi
mesh_terms: D000228:Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000591883:2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D007042:Hypoxanthines; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D000228:Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide; C012759:2-azahypoxanthine