title: Oxidized LDL Is Associated With Metabolic Syndrome Traits Independently of Central Obesity and Insulin Resistance.
abstract: This study assesses whether oxidative stress, using oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) as a proxy, is associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), whether ox-LDL mediates the association between central obesity and MS, and whether insulin resistance mediates the association between ox-LDL and MS. We examined baseline data from 3,987 subjects without diabetes in the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis (PESA) Study. For the second, third, and fourth ox-LDL quartiles versus the first, the odds ratios (95% CI) for MS were 0.84 (0.52, 1.36), 1.47 (0.95, 2.32), and 2.57 (1.66, 4.04) (P < 0.001 for trend) once adjusted for age, sex, smoking, LDL-cholesterol, BMI, waist circumference, and HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results showing the same trend were found for all MS components except glucose concentration. Ox-LDL mediated 13.9% of the association of waist circumference with triglycerides and only 1-3% of the association with HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and insulin concentration. HOMA-IR did not mediate the association between ox-LDL and MS components. This study found higher ox-LDL concentrations were associated with MS and its components independently of central obesity and insulin resistance. Ox-LDL may reflect core mechanisms through which MS components develop and progress in parallel with insulin resistance and could be a clinically relevant predictor of MS development.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.|Boca Raton Clinical Research Global Peru, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Yamilee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hurtado-Roca
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jose Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ordovas
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Instituto de Investigación-Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Borja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ibañez
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fuster
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Artalejo
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain martin.laclaustra@uam.es.|Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública and Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid/Idipaz, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Epidemiology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laclaustra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein