title: Uptake and bioaccumulation of PCDD/Fs in earthworms after in situ and in vitro exposure to soil from a contaminated sawmill site.
abstract: Uptake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) was studied in earthworms collected from a sawmill site in Sweden with severe PCDD/Fs contamination (the hot spot concentration was 690,000ng TEQWHO2005/kg d.w.) in order to investigate the transfer of PCDD/Fs from the site to the biota. PCDD/Fs concentrations in the collected earthworms were compared to PCDD/Fs concentrations in laboratory exposed earthworms (Eisenia fetida), which were exposed to contaminated soils from the sawmill site for 34days. All analyses were performed by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). PCDD/Fs concentrations in the earthworms ranged from 290 to 520,000pg/g (f.w.). The main congeners found in both soils and earthworms were OCDF, 1234678-HpCDF, OCDD and 1234678-HpCDD. The study showed that the PCDD/Fs in the soil were biovailable to the earthworms and the PCDD/Fs concentrations in the soils correlated with the concentrations in the earthworms. Earthworm samples from soil with lower concentration had higher bioaccumulation factors than samples from soils with high concentration of contamination. Thus, a less contaminated soil could yield higher concentrations in earthworms compared to a higher contaminated soil. Assuming that when assessing risks with PCDD/F contaminated soil, a combination of chemical analysis of soil PCDD/Fs concentrations and bioavailability should be employed for a more comprehensive risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: 15 Environmental Staff, SE-671 81 Arvika, Sweden; MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden. Electronic address: sara.henriksson@arvika.se.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bjurlid
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rotander
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Engwall
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Westberg
authors.affiliation: MTM Research Centre, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden; Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hagberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Bioaccumulation factor; Bioavailability; Contamination profile; Dioxin; Eisenia fetida; Risk assessment