title: Pilot Study on the Genetic Background of an Active Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Test in Finnish Adolescents.
abstract: In periodontitis, genetics and smoking play important roles in host immune system response. The aim of this study is to determine whether the genetic background of initial periodontitis and caries could be detected using an active matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 chairside test in Finnish adolescents.
  
  
  
  Forty-seven participants gave approval for analysis of both oral fluid collection and DNA. An aMMP-8 chairside test was performed on participants (adolescents aged 15 to 17 years), and full-mouth clinical parameters of oral health were assessed including periodontal, oral mucosal, and caries status in Eastern Finland from 2014 to 2015. DNA was extracted from oral fluid samples and genotyped for 71 polymorphisms in 29 candidate genes for periodontitis. Results were analyzed using a logistic regression model. P values were corrected for multiple testing using false discovery rate (<0.05).
  
  
  
  aMMP-8 chairside test positivity and three or more ≥4 mm pockets were associated with vitamin D receptor (VDR) (rs2228570, P = 0.002, q = 0.04) and MMP3 (rs520540, rs639752, rs679620, P = 0.0009, 0.003, 0.003, q = 0.04, respectively). None of the other single-nucleotide polymorphisms studied showed a significant association with the aMMP-8 chairside test and at least one caries lesion positivity.
  
  
  
  Genetic polymorphisms of MMP3 and VDR are linked to initial periodontitis in Finnish adolescents, and the aMMP-8 chairside test can eventually detect initial periodontitis in young patients with predisposing genetic background.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Teija
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Raivisto
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kettunen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kovanen
authors.affiliation: Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Public Health, Clinicum, University of Helsinki.
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haukka
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pakbaznejad Esmaeili
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elg
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Dentognostics GmbH, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk-Rolf
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gieselmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nilminie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rathnayake
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Hellevi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruokonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Head and Neck Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009909:Oral Health; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000235:genetics*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8
keywords: Adolescent; genes; matrix metalloproteinases; periodontitis