title: [Effectiveness of three biological larvicides and of an insect growth regulator against Anopheles arabiensis in Senegal].
abstract: Urban malaria is a major public health problem in Africa. In Senegal, the environmental changes seem to favor the persistence of malaria transmission in Dakar suburbs by creating, throughout the year, potential breeding sites of malaria vectors. In such a situation and in a context of a growing threat of insecticide resistance in anopheline vectors, the larval control making use of products from biological origin or growth regulators could represent an additional tool to the current strategies developed against anophelines. In this study conducted in 2012, the efficiency and residual effect of three biological larvicides (VectoBac®WG, Vecto-Max®CG, and VectoBac®GR) and an insect growth regulator (MetaLarv™) were evaluated on Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae in seminatural conditions (experimental station) and natural breeding sites in the suburbs of Dakar. The formulations were tested according to the manufacturer recommendations, namely 0.03 g/m2for VectoBac®WG, 0.5 g/m2for VectoBac®GR, 0.75 g/m2for VectoMax®CG, and 0.5 g/m2for MetaLarv™. In experimental station, the treatment with larvicides was effective over a period of 14 days with a mortality ranging between 92% and 100%. The insect growth regulator remained effective up to 55 days with a single emergence recorded in the 27th day after treatment. In natural conditions, a total effectiveness (100% mortality) of larvicides was obtained 48 hours after treatment, then a gradual recolonization of breeding sites was noted. However, the insect growth regulator has reduced adult emergence higher than 80% until the end of follow-up (J28). This study showed a good efficiency of the larvicides and of the growth regulator tested. These works provide current data on potential candidates for the implementation of larval control interventions in addition to that of chemical adulticide for control of urban malaria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal. seynabou.diedhiou@ird.fr.|Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (Urmite), IRD, UMR 198, CNRS 6236, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille-Université Campus UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal. seynabou.diedhiou@ird.fr.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Diédhiou
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Konaté
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (Urmite), IRD, UMR 198, CNRS 6236, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille-Université Campus UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doucouré
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samb
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Niang
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sy
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.|Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (Urmite), IRD, UMR 198, CNRS 6236, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille-Université Campus UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Thiaw
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Konaté
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (Urmite), IRD, UMR 198, CNRS 6236, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille-Université Campus UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Wotodjo
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: Programme national de lutte contre le paludisme, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gadiaga
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (Urmite), IRD, UMR 198, CNRS 6236, Inserm 1095, Aix-Marseille-Université Campus UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sokhna
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'écologie vectorielle et parasitaire, faculté des sciences et techniques, université Cheikh-Anta-Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*; D012675:Senegal
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; C046134:binB protein, Bacillus sphaericus
keywords: An gambiae s.l; Anopheles arabiensis; Bacillus sphaericus serotype H5a5b; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis; Dakar; Dalifort; Djiddah; Efficiency; Experimental station; Insect growth regulators; Larvicides; Mbao; Methoprene; Natural conditions; Pikine; Senegal; Sub-Saharan Africa; Thiaroye Kao; Thiaroye-sur-mer