title: Novel applications of COX-2 inhibitors, metformin, and statins for the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer.
abstract: Recent evidence shows that commonly prescribed drugs, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), metformin, and statins, may have beneficial roles in the primary chemoprevention of breast cancer. Therefore, these drugs could potentially be used in addition to the hormonal drugs currently used for this purpose (namely, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors) due to their alternative mechanisms of action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Micallef
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Micallef
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schembri-Wismayer
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calleja-Agius
keywords: Chemoprophylaxis; anti-inflammatory agents; breast neoplasms; hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors; metformin; non-steroidal