title: Multilayered Approach for TiO2Hollow-Shell-Protected SnO2Nanorod Arrays for Superior Lithium Storage.
abstract: The ability to control the growth of materials with nanosized precision as well as a complex hollow morphology provides rationale for the study of systems comprising both characteristics. This study explores the design of TiO2hollow nanotube shells deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on vertically aligned SnO2nanorods grown using the vapor-liquid-solid technique. The sacrificial template approach in combination with highly conformal coating advantages of ALD resulted in a highly reproducible method to create a large surface area covered by TiO2-protected SnO2nanorods, which are about 60-100 nm in diameter and approximately 1 μm in length. ZnO was used as a sacrificial layer to create a 30 nm gap between SnO2nanorods and 10 nm of TiO2shells. Chemical etching of the sacrificial layer was used to create the desired hollow nanocomposite. A coin half-cell battery has been assembled using the TiO2-protected SnO2nanorods as an anode electrode and lithium foil as a counter electrode and tested for lithium storage during 70 cycles of charge/discharge in a range of 0.5-2.5 V. The TiO2hollow shell functioned as a good and robust enhancer for both absolute capacity and current rate capabilities of vertically aligned SnO2nanorods; an improvement in cyclic stability was also observed. This advanced self-standing hollow configuration provides several unique advantages for energy storage device applications including enhanced lithiation for superior energy storage performance.
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University , 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, United States.
authors.forename: Christian G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carvajal
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University , 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, United States.
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rout
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University , 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, United States.
authors.forename: Rajeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mundle
authors.affiliation: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University , 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, United States.
authors.forename: Aswini K
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4020-6575
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pradhan