title: Exploring characteristics, predictors, and consequences of fear of cancer recurrence among Asian-American breast cancer survivors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To address the fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) research gap, we used prospective data to explore FCR predictors and FCR associations with health-related quality of life among Asian-American breast cancer survivors (BCS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 208 diverse Asian-American BCS completed T1 survey, and 137 completed T2 survey after 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fear of cancer recurrence scores (range = 0-4) were 2.01 at T1 and 1.99 at T2 reflecting low-to-moderate FCR. Scores of FCR were stable over the 1-year period (t(126) = .144, P = .886). Multiple regression analyses showed that Chinese women reported lower FCR both at T1 (t(193) = -2.92, P = .004) and T2 (t(128) = -2.56, P = .012) compared to other Asian women. Also, more positive health care experience at T1 predicted lower FCR at T2 (β = -.18, P = .041). Controlling for other covariates, greater FCR at T1 predicted poorer outcomes 1 year later including lower physical (β = -.31, P < .001), emotional (β = -.37, P < .001) and functional (β = -.16, P = .044) well-being and health-related quality of life specific to breast cancer at T2 (β = -.31, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found substantial consistencies and some divergences between our findings with Asian-American BCS and the existing literature. This prospective investigation reveals new information suggesting that Asian-American subgroup variation exists and health care system factors may influence FCR. Thus, FCR studies should consider Asian subgroupings, cultural aspects, ie, level of acculturation and health care system factors including provider-patient communication and treatment setting. Future research may benefit from contextualizing FCR within a broader distress framework to advance the science and practice of patient-centered and whole-person care.
authors.affiliation: Center of Community Alliance for Research and Education (CCARE), Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Kimlin Tam
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ashing
authors.affiliation: Center of Community Alliance for Research and Education (CCARE), Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Dalnim
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Lung Cancer Screening and Prevention Program, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.|Herald Cancer Association, San Gabriel, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yuman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D000073116:Cancer Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: Asian-American cancer survivors; cancer; fear of cancer recurrence (FCR); health care satisfaction; health-related quality of life (HRQOL); oncology