title: Determination of cadmium and lead at sub-ppt level in soft drinks: An efficient combination between dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
abstract: A DLLME method for extraction and preconcentration of Cd and Pb from soft drinks and further determination by GF AAS was developed. Important parameters of DLLME such as the type and volume of dispersive and extraction solvents, concentration of DDTC (complexing agent) and pH were evaluated. Better results were obtained using 500μL of acetone for Cd and 700μL of acetonitrile for Pb as dispersive solvents, 60μL of CCl4as extraction solvent for both analytes and 500μL of 1.5% DDTC solution. Accuracy was evaluated by recovery assays and ranged from 91 to 113% for Cd and from 95 to 108% for Pb, with RSD below 10 and 7%, respectively. The LODs were 0.006 and 0.072ngL-1for Cd and Pb, respectively. The optimized method was applied for the determination of Cd and Pb in soft drinks with different brands and flavours.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, 257, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Jaime S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mandlate
authors.affiliation: Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, 96203-900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tassia S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Seeger
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula Dalla
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Vecchia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paola A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Erico M M
authors.initials: EMM
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: fabioand@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabio A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006108:Graphite; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Cadmium determination; Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; Lead determination; Soft drinks