title: Evaluation of the Lactate Plus monitor for plasma lactate concentration measurement in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the Lactate Plus handheld monitor to a reference blood gas analyzer for determining plasma lactate concentrations in canine whole blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four dogs hospitalized or admitted through the emergency service provided 125 blood samples. Only dogs that required a venous or arterial blood gas evaluation as a part of their diagnostic assessment or ongoing management were included.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine whole blood samples were assayed for plasma lactate concentration with a reference blood gas analyzer and the Lactate Plus monitor. Correlation and Bland-Altman analyses were used to compare results between the 2 methods. A subset of blood samples was repeatedly analyzed with the Lactate Plus to assess monitor precision. Plasma lactate measurements from the Lactate Plus monitor showed excellent correlation with those from the reference analyzer (ρ = 0.98, P < 0.0001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed a small bias (0.1296). Agreement between the 2 methods was less consistent for lactate concentrations >5 mmol/L. The coefficient of variation ranged from 0-26.2% (median, 3.7%) and was <15% for 50/53 samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Lactate Plus provides a fast and affordable method to measure plasma lactate concentration in dogs. Results showed excellent agreement with the reference analyzer and precision of the instrument was acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607.
authors.forename: Carolyn J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Nye
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Musulin
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607.
authors.forename: Rita M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hanel
authors.affiliation: Comparative Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607.|Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27607.
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D004285:Dogs; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: canine; metabolic acidosis; perfusion; point of care; shock; validation