title: Simultaneous resting-state functional MRI and electroencephalography recordings of functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It remains unclear how functional connectivity (FC) may be related to specific cognitive domains in neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we used simultaneous resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) recording in patients with schizophrenia, to evaluate FC within and outside the default mode network (DMN).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study population included 14 patients with schizophrenia and 15 healthy control participants. From all participants, we acquired rsfMRI data, and simultaneously recorded EEG data using an MR-compatible amplifier. We analyzed the rsfMRI-EEG data, and used the CONN toolbox to calculate the FC between regions of interest. We also performed between-group comparisons of standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography-based intracortical lagged coherence for each EEG frequency band.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FC within the DMN, as measured by rsfMRI and EEG, did not significantly differ between groups. Analysis of rsfMRI data showed that FC between the right posterior inferior temporal gyrus and medial prefrontal cortex was stronger among patients with schizophrenia compared to control participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analysis of FC within the DMN using rsfMRI and EEG data revealed no significant differences between patients with schizophrenia and control participants. However, rsfMRI data revealed over-modulated FC between the medial prefrontal cortex and right posterior inferior temporal gyrus in patients with schizophrenia compared to control participants, suggesting that the patients had altered FC, with higher correlations across nodes within and outside of the DMN. Further studies using simultaneous rsfMRI and EEG are required to determine whether altered FC within the DMN is associated with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.|Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Juntendo Institute of Mental Health, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirino
authors.affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inami
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Juntendo Institute of Mental Health, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Heii
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.affiliation: Juntendo Institute of Mental Health, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: default mode network; electroencephalography; functional connectivity; resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; schizophrenia