title: Neurocognitive performance and physical function do not change with physical-cognitive-mindfulness training in female laboratory technicians with chronic musculoskeletal pain: Randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cognitive and physical performance can be negatively affected by chronic pain. This study evaluates the effect of combined physical-, cognitive-, and mindfulness training (PCMT) on cognitive and physical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a large pharmaceutical company in Denmark we randomly allocated 112 female laboratory technicians with chronic upper limb pain to group-based PCMT at the worksite or a reference group for 10 weeks. Neurocognitive performance was measured by the computerized central nervous system vital signs neurocognitive assessment battery. Physical function was assessed in terms of shoulder external rotation strength and rate of force development in a custom-made dynamometer setup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No between-group differences (least square means [95% confidence interval]) from baseline to follow-up could be detected in any of the neurocognitive domains as measured by the central nervous system vital signs neurocognitive assessment battery, for example, Psychomotoer Speed 1.9 (-1.0 to 4.7), Reaction Time -4.0 (-19.5 to 11.6), Complex Attention -0.3 (-1.9 to 1.4), and Executive Function -0.2 (-3.5 to 3.0). Similarly, we found no change in maximal voluntary isometric strength -0.63 (-4.8 to 3.6), or rate of force development 14.8 (-12.6 to 42.2) of the shoulder external rotators. Finally, test-retest reliability of maximal voluntary contraction and rate of force development shoulder external rotation showed high reliability at 0 to 30 ms, 0 to 50 ms, 0 to 100 ms, and 0 to 200 ms with ICCs at 0.95, 0.92, 0.93, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ten weeks of PCMT did not improve neurocognitive or physical performance.
authors.affiliation: National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Physical Activity and Health in Worklife, and Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences The Carrick Institute-Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Cape Canaveral, FL Physical Activity and Human Performance Group, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark Royal Academy of Engineering Research, Chair, London Engineering and Physical Sciences, Research Council, Swindon Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jay
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Mc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schraefel
authors.forename: Markus Due
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Jakobsen
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sundstrup
authors.forename: Gisela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sjøgaard
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinstrup
authors.forename: Lars L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003718:Denmark; D004345:Drug Industry; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059232:Laboratory Personnel; D008875:Middle Aged; D064866:Mindfulness; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome