title: Genes associated with persistent lumbar radicular pain; a systematic review.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to provide an overview of the literature addressing the role of genetic factors and biomarkers predicting pain recovery in newly diagnosed lumbar radicular pain (LRP) patients.
  
  
  
  The search was performed in Medline OVID, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science (2004 to 2015). Only prospective studies of patients with LRP addressing the role of genetic factors (genetic susceptibility) and pain biomarkers (proteins in serum) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed methodological quality.
  
  
  
  The search identified 880 citations of which 15 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Five genetic variants; i.e., OPRM1 rs1799971 G allele, COMT rs4680 G allele, MMP1 rs1799750 2G allele, IL1α rs1800587 T allele, IL1RN rs2234677 A allele, were associated with reduced recovery of LRP. Three biomarkers; i.e., TNFα, IL6 and IFNα, were associated with persistent LRP.
  
  
  
  The present results indicate that several genetic factors and biomarkers may predict slow recovery in LRP. Still, there is a need for replication of the findings. A stricter use of nomenclature is also highly necessary.
  
  
  
  The review is registered PROSPERO 20thof November 2015. Registration number is CRD42015029125 .
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1072 Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway. sibjorl@online.no.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway. sibjorl@online.no.
authors.forename: Siri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bjorland
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.|National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, Oslo, 0363, Norway.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schistad
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Occupational Health, Gydas vei 8, Oslo, 0363, Norway.|Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Oslo, 1072 Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gjerstad
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1072 Blindern, Oslo, 0316, Norway.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, N-0424, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Røe
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000097:blood; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D008161:Lumbosacral Region; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015995:Prevalence; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*; D012585:Sciatica / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508584:IL1A protein, human; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053582:Interleukin-1alpha; D015850:Interleukin-6; C485764:OPRM1 protein, human; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C588010:COMT protein, human; D002394:Catechol O-Methyltransferase; C522360:MMP1 protein, human; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
keywords: Biomarkers; Genes; Lumbar radicular pain