title: Nicotine and Tobacco as Substances of Abuse in Children and Adolescents.
abstract: Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and users of tobacco products seek out its effects. The highly addictive nature of nicotine is responsible for its widespread use and difficulty with quitting. This technical report focuses on nicotine and discusses the stages of use in progression to dependence on nicotine-containing products; the physiologic characteristics, neurobiology, metabolism, pharmacogenetics, and health effects of nicotine; and acute nicotine toxicity. Finally, some newer approaches to cessation are noted.
authors.forename: Lorena M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D009420:Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000187:drug effects; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution