title: Association between titanium and silver concentrations in maternal hair and risk of neural tube defects in offspring: A case-control study in north China.
abstract: Increasing uses of titanium and silver in various products raise concerns for their potential adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to examine the associations between titanium and silver concentrations in maternal hair growing during the periconception period and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in offspring. Our case-control study recruited 191 women with NTD-affected pregnancies and 261 women delivering healthy infants. Metal concentrations in maternal hair were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of titanium concentration above the median were 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.99-2.13) for total NTDs and 2.10 (95% CI, 1.12-3.94) for anencephaly, while OR of silver wasn't statistically significant. Titanium concentration was positively correlated with consumptions of vegetables and fruits. Maternal exposure to titanium during the periconception period was associated with an increased NTD risk in offspring, which may be partly mediated through maternal dietary habits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhenjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Huo
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: lizw@bjmu.edu.com.
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China. Electronic address: binwangpku@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Child, Adolescent and Women's Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingxu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, PR China.
authors.forename: Aiguo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis*; D014025:Titanium / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Hair; NTDs; Neural tube defects; Silver; Titanium