title: Charcot, Mitchell and Lees: neurology free thinkers and their experiences of psychoactive drugs.
abstract: Three world-famous neurologists, Charcot and Mitchell, in the 19th century, and Lees, in this century, all of whom had great scientific curiosity, experimented with the psychoactive drugs hashish, mescal and yagé, respectively, in an attempt to increase their knowledge of neurological diseases and how the brain works.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade de Distúrbios dos Movimentos, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Hélio A G
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Teive
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade de Distúrbios dos Movimentos, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Francisco M B
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Germiniani
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital de Clínicas, Serviço de Neurologia, Unidade de Dor de Cabeça, Curitiba PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kowacs
authors.affiliation: University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, Gloria and Morton Shulman Movement Disorders, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Renato P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Munhoz
mesh_terms: D002188:Cannabis; D004739:England; D005602:France; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D008635:Mescaline / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D009462:Neurology / Q000266:history*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000266:history* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D008635:Mescaline