title: Densitometric TLC analysis for the control of tropane and steroidal alkaloids in Lycium barbarum.
abstract: Thin layer chromatographic methods for quantitative determination of nightshade-specific tropane (l-hyoscyamine, scopolamine) and steroidal alkaloids (α-solanine, α-chaconine) in goji berries (L. barbarum L., Solanaceae) were developed. The analysis of tropane derivatives included separation on silica gel-coated HPTLC plates using mobile phase consisted of chloroform:methanol:acetone:25% ammonium hydroxide (75:15:10:1.6 v/v/v/v), derivatization with Dragendorff reagent and scanning densitometry at λ - 520nm in reflectance/absorption mode. Steroidal alkaloid analysis employed silica gel-coated TLC plates, mobile phase composed of chloroform:methanol:water:25% ammonium hydroxide (70:30:4:2 v/v/v/v), derivatization with Carr-Price reagent and video densitometry under white light in the reflectance mode. Both methods were validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity, enabling reliable detection of tropane derivatives and α-solanine at 1.20 and 7.84mgper100g fresh material, respectively. None of the analyzed compounds were detected in fruits, leaves, stems and roots of three L. barbarum varieties ('No. 1', 'New Big' and 'Amber Sweet Goji').
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland. Electronic address: adamkokot@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokotkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Migas
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefanowicz
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luczkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krauze-Baranowska
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer / Q000379:methods; D003720:Densitometry / Q000379:methods*; D032305:Lycium; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry; D032322:Solanum; D014326:Tropanes / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D010840:Phytosterols; D014326:Tropanes
keywords: Alpha-solanine; Food safety; Glycoalkaloids; Goji berries; Scanning densitometry; Scopolamine; Scopolamine (PubChem CID: 3000322); Solanidine (PubChem CID: 65727); Video densitometry; l-Hyoscyamine; l-Hyoscyamine (PubChem CID: 154417); α-Chaconine (PubChem CID: 442971); α-Solanine (PubChem CID: 9549171)