title: Intermittent calorie restriction largely counteracts the adverse health effects of a moderate-fat diet in aging C57BL/6J mice.
abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to extend life- and health-span in model species. For most humans, a life-long CR diet is too arduous to adhere to. The aim of this study was to explore whether weekly intermittent CR can (1) provide long-term beneficial effects and (2) counteract diet-induced obesity in male aging mice.
  
  
  
  In this study, we have exposed C57Bl/6J mice for 24 months to an intermittent (INT) diet, alternating weekly between CR of a control diet and ad libitum moderate-fat (MF) feeding. This weekly intermittent CR significantly counteracted the adverse effects of the MF diet on mortality, body weight, and liver health markers in 24-month-old male mice. Hepatic gene expression profiles of INT-exposed animals appeared much more comparable to CR- than to MF-exposed mice. At 12 months of age, a subgroup of MF-exposed mice was transferred to the INT diet. Gene expression profiles in the liver of the 24-month-old diet switch mice were highly similar to the INT-exposed mice. However, a small subset of genes was consistently changed by the MF diet during the first phase of life.
  
  
  
  Weekly intermittent CR largely, but not completely, reversed adverse effects caused by a MF diet.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Fenni
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rusli
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lute
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Boekschoten
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Pharmacology Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Pharmacology Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaske
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Norren
authors.affiliation: TNO-Triskelion, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aswin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Menke
authors.affiliation: Nutrigenomics and Systems Nutrition Group, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilma T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Steegenga
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction / Q000379:methods*; D019295:Computational Biology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004041:Dietary Fats; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Aging; Intermittent calorie restriction; Liver; Moderate-fat diet; Obesity; Transcriptomics