title: Phenylpropanoids from Juglans mandshurica exhibit cytotoxicities on liver cancer cell lines through apoptosis induction.
abstract: Three new phenylpropanoids (1-3) together with six known congeners (4-9) were isolated from the bark of Juglans mandshurica Maxim using anti-hepatoma activity as a guide. Their structures were determined by comprehensive NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic data analyses. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activities against two kinds of liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). Among them, compound 4 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines with IC50values of 58.58 and 69.87μM. Compound 5 exhibited 50% cell death rate in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines at 63.70 and 46.45μM, respectively. Further observation of morphological changes and Western blot demonstrated that compounds 4 and 5 exhibited their cytotoxic activities through the induction of apoptosis. A structure-activity relationship study suggested that an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde might be the most important functional group.
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhuo-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Dong
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: xiaoxiao270@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiao
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shao-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D031324:Juglans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020005:Propanols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020005:Propanols; C439395:1-phenylpropanol
keywords: Apoptosis; Cytotoxicity; Juglans mandshurica Maxim; Liver cancer; Phenylpropanoid