title: Comparative Effectiveness of New Mechanical Irrigant Agitating Devices for Debris Removal from the Canal and Isthmus of Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Easy Clean (Easy Dental Equipment, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil) in continuous and reciprocating motion, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Endoactivator systems (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and conventional irrigation for debris removal from root canals and isthmus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty mesial roots of mandibular molars were embedded in epoxy resin using a metal muffle; afterward, the blocks containing the roots were sectioned at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the apex. After instrumentation, the roots were divided into 5 groups (n = 10) for application of the final irrigation protocol using Easy Clean in continuous rotation, Easy Clean in reciprocating motion, PUI, Endoactivator, and conventional irrigation. Scanning electron microscopic images were taken after instrumentation and after the first, second, and third activation of irrigating solution to evaluate the area of remaining debris with image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protocol of 3 irrigating solution activations for 20 seconds provided better cleaning of the canal and isthmus. On conclusion of all procedures, analysis of the canals showed a statistical difference only at 2 mm; the Easy Clean in continuous rotation was more efficient than conventional irrigation (P < .05). On conclusion of all steps, the largest difference was observed in the isthmus in which the Easy Clean in continuous rotation was more effective than conventional irrigation at the 3 levels analyzed and the Endoactivator at 4 mm (P < .05). The PUI promoted greater cleaning than conventional irrigation at 6 mm (P < .05). There was no statistical difference between Easy Clean in continuous rotation, Easy Clean in reciprocating motion, and PUI (P > .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Irrigating solution activation methods provided better cleaning of the canal and isthmus, especially the Easy Clean used in continuous rotation. The protocol of 3 irrigating solution activations for 20 seconds favored better cleaning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jussaroduque@usp.br.
authors.forename: Jussaro Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Hungaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lyz Cristina Furquim
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Canali
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafaela Fernandes
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Zancan
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Ricci
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Vivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Brazilian Dentistry Association, Taguatinga, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Affonso
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials and Endodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clovis Monteiro
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bramante
mesh_terms: D003762:Dental Instruments; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible; D008963:Molar; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014092:Tooth Root; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants
keywords: Dentin debris; endodontics; scanning electron microscopy; ultrasonics