title: Phosphorylation by NLK inhibits YAP-14-3-3-interactions and induces its nuclear localization.
abstract: Hippo signaling controls organ size by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key downstream effector of Hippo signaling, and LATS-mediated phosphorylation of YAP at Ser127 inhibits its nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. Here, we report that Nemo-like kinase (NLK) phosphorylates YAP at Ser128 both in vitro and in vivo, which blocks interaction with 14-3-3 and enhances its nuclear localization. Depletion of NLK increases YAP phosphorylation at Ser127 and reduces YAP-mediated reporter activity. These results suggest that YAP phosphorylation at Ser128 and at Ser127 may be mutually exclusive. We also find that with the increase in cell density, nuclear localization and the level of NLK are reduced, resulting in reduction in YAP phosphorylation at Ser128. Furthermore, knockdown of Nemo (the Drosophila NLK) in fruit fly wing imaginal discs results in reduced expression of the Yorkie (the Drosophila YAP) target genes expanded and DIAP1, while Nemo overexpression reciprocally increased the expression. Overall, our data suggest that NLK/Nemo acts as an endogenous regulator of Hippo signaling by controlling nuclear localization and activity of YAP/Yorkie.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungho
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5938-8930
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wantae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Soyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Youngeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yonghee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Oleksii
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bilousov
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jiyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Taebok
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Boksik
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Minseong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hanjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland vladimir.katanaev@unil.ch ej70@uos.ac.kr.|School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Vladimir L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Katanaev
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea vladimir.katanaev@unil.ch ej70@uos.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Eek-Hoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2414-6234
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Jho
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002452:Cell Count; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C456659:YY1AP1 protein, human; D012694:Serine; C470551:NLK protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
keywords: 
  NLK
  ; 
  YAP
  ; 14‐3‐3; Hippo signaling; cell density