title: How distinctive are morningness and eveningness from the Big Five factors of personality? A meta-analytic investigation.
abstract: This study explores relations between measures of individuals' circadian preferences and the Big Five. To this end, we compared a model of circadian preferences that acknowledges morningness (M) and eveningness (E) as separate dimensions to that of a model that places M and E on a single continuum (M-E). Analyses of 620 correlations from 44 independent samples (N = 16,647) revealed weak to modest relations between both dimensions of circadian preferences and the Big Five personality traits. The strongest observed relation was found between Conscientiousness and M (ρ = .37). In the next step, regression analyses revealed that personality traits accounted for between 10.9% and 16.4% of the variance in circadian preferences. Of all the Big Five dimensions, Conscientiousness exhibited the strongest unique relation with M (β = .32), E (β = -.26), and M-E (β = .32). Extraversion and Openness exhibited moderate unique relations with E (β = .23 and β = .17, respectively), whereas relations with M (β = .00 and β = .04), and M-E (β = -.05 and β = -.06) were relatively weak. Neuroticism exhibited a modest unique and negative relation with M (β = -.16), and Agreeableness was largely unrelated to all circadian preference variables. To determine whether these findings translated into anything of applied significance, we explored relations between circadian preference and academic performance. M and E incremented slightly over the Big Five factors in predicting grade-point average. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Elementary and Early Childhood Education.
authors.forename: Anastasiya A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lipnevich
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Credè
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Universitaet des Saarlandes.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Universitaet des Saarlandes.
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Spinath
authors.affiliation: Professional Examination Service.
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Trier.
authors.forename: Franzis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Preckel
mesh_terms: D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010551:Personality / Q000502:physiology*