title: Addition of sodium caseinate to skim milk increases nonsedimentable casein and causes significant changes in rennet-induced gelation, heat stability, and ethanol stability.
abstract: The protein content of skim milk was increased from 3.3 to 4.1% (wt/wt) by the addition of a blend of skim milk powder and sodium caseinate (NaCas), in which the weight ratio of skim milk powder to NaCas was varied from 0.8:0.0 to 0.0:0.8. Addition of NaCas increased the levels of nonsedimentable casein (from ∼6 to 18% of total casein) and calcium (from ∼36 to 43% of total calcium) and reduced the turbidity of the fortified milk, to a degree depending on level of NaCas added. Rennet gelation was adversely affected by the addition of NaCas at 0.2% (wt/wt) and completely inhibited at NaCas ≥0.4% (wt/wt). Rennet-induced hydrolysis was not affected by added NaCas. The proportion of total casein that was nonsedimentable on centrifugation (3,000 × g, 1 h, 25°C) of the rennet-treated milk after incubation for 1 h at 31°C increased significantly on addition of NaCas at ≥0.4% (wt/wt). Heat stability in the pH range 6.7 to 7.2 and ethanol stability at pH 6.4 were enhanced by the addition of NaCas. It is suggested that the negative effect of NaCas on rennet gelation is due to the increase in nonsedimentable casein, which upon hydrolysis by chymosin forms into small nonsedimentable particles that physically come between, and impede the aggregation of, rennet-altered para-casein micelles, and thereby inhibit the development of a gel network.
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Yingchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.affiliation: Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: tim.guinee@teagasc.ie.
authors.forename: Timothy P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Guinee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins; D012085:Chymosin / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol; D005782:Gels / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008823:Micelles; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D005782:Gels; D008823:Micelles; D000431:Ethanol; D012085:Chymosin
keywords: dairy ingredients; milk; processing characteristics; protein fortification