title: Pentoxifylline attenuates the local and systemic inflammatory response after infrarenal abdominal aortic ischemia-reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We studied the new anti-inflammatory effects of non-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on ischaemia-reperfusion injury and postconditioning of the lower extremities. We aimed to examine the oxidative stress parameters (OSP), the inflammatory response and the changes in structure of skeletal muscle after revascularization surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  50 Wistar rats in five groups underwent a 60 min infrarenal aortic cross clamping. After the ischaemia in IR+PC group ischemic postconditioning was performed, intermittent 15 seconds reperfusion, 15 seconds ischaemic periods were applied four times. The ischemic phase was followed by a 120 min of reperfusion. In IR+PTX group the animals were treated with PTX. In IR+PC+PTX group both ischemic postconditioning and PTX treatment were performed. Blood samples and biopsy from quadriceps muscle were collected. Plasma malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, -SH-groups, TNF-alpha, IL-6 concentrations and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of OSP and the inflammatory proteins were significantly higher in the IR group. PTX treatment and PC could significantly decrease the levels of OSP and inflammatory proteins. When the animals were co-treated with PTX and PC the results were even better.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of PDE by PTX could markedly decrease the inflammatory response and moderate the ischaemia-reperfusion damages after lower limb ischemia and reperfusion. Administration of PTX could potentiate the beneficial effects of PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tibor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ildikó
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takács
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mónika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Petrovics
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Research and Techniques, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jancsó
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sínay
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fazekas
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Örs
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Pintér
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arató
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000473:pathology*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010431:Pentoxifylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010431:Pentoxifylline
keywords: Postconditioning; TNF-alpha; inflammatory response; leukocyte; pentoxifylline (PTX); reactive oxygen species; reperfusion injury; vascular surgery