title: Optical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Fluorous Colloidal Nanoparticles.
abstract: Improved imaging of cancerous tissue has the potential to aid prognosis and improve patient outcome through longitudinal imaging of treatment response and disease progression. While nuclear imaging has made headway in cancer imaging, fluorinated tracers that enable magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) hold promise, particularly for repeated imaging sessions because nonionizing radiation is used. Fluorine MRI detects molecular signatures by imaging a fluorinated tracer and takes advantage of the spatial and anatomical resolution afforded by MRI. This manuscript describes a fluorous polymeric nanoparticle that is capable of19F MR imaging and fluorescent tracking for in vitro and in vivo monitoring of immune cells and cancerous tissue. The fluorous particle is derived from low-molecular-weight amphiphilic copolymers that self-assemble into micelles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 260 nm. The polymer is MR-active at concentrations as low as 2.1 mM in phantom imaging studies. The fluorinated particle demonstrated rapid uptake into immune cells for potential cell-tracking or delineation of the tumor microenvironment and showed negligible toxicity. Systemic administration indicates significant uptake into two tumor types, triple-negative breast cancer and ovarian cancer, with little accumulation in off-target tissue. These results indicate a robust platform imaging agent capable of immune cell tracking and systemic disease monitoring with exceptional uptake of the nanoparticle in multiple cancer models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Jaqueline D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wallat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czapar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Charlie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Kristen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wek
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.|Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.|Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.|Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Nicole F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Steinmetz
authors.affiliation: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Case School of Engineering , Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan K
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5869-6942
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pokorski
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D066235:Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers