title: Peptide hydrogel in vitro non-inflammatory potential.
abstract: Peptide-based hydrogels have attracted significant interest in recent years as these soft, highly hydrated materials can be engineered to mimic the cell niche with significant potential applications in the biomedical field. Their potential use in vivo in particular is dependent on their biocompatibility, including their potential to cause an inflammatory response. In this work, we investigated in vitro the inflammatory potential of a β-sheet forming peptide (FEFEFKFK; F: phenylalanine, E: glutamic acid; K: lysine) hydrogel by encapsulating murine monocytes within it (3D culture) and using the production of cytokines, IL-β, IL-6 and TNFα, as markers of inflammatory response. No statistically significant release of cytokines in our test sample (media + gel + cells) was observed after 48 or 72 h of culture showing that our hydrogels do not incite a pro-inflammatory response in vitro. These results show the potential biocompatibility of these hydrogels and therefore their potential for in vivo use. The work also highlighted the difference in monocyte behaviour, proliferation and morphology changes when cultured in 2D vs. 3D. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Markey
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.|Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Workman
authors.affiliation: Paediatric ENT Department, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.|Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Woolford
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Derby
authors.affiliation: Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.|School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cartmell
authors.affiliation: School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.|Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Oxford Road M13 9PL, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5504-8306
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D015870:Gene Expression; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000737:chemistry; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015415:Biomarkers; D020100:Hydrogels; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010455:Peptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010649:Phenylalanine; D008239:Lysine
keywords: cell culture; hydrogel; inflammatory response; monocytes; peptide