title: Generation of endoderm lineages from pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Definitive endoderm is the cellular precursor to respiratory- and digestive-related organs such as lungs, stomach, liver, pancreas and intestine. Endodermal lineage cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro are a potentially unlimited resource for regenerative medicine. These cells are useful tools for studying the physiology, pathogenesis and medical therapies involving these tissues, and great progress has been achieved in PSCs differentiation protocols. In this review, we will focus on the most common and/or advanced differentiation strategies currently used in generating endodermal lineage cells from PSCs. A brief discussion about the effect of early definitive endoderm differentiation on the final development products will follow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Xie
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leighton
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004707:Endoderm / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: definitive endoderm; embryonic stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; intestine; liver; lungs; pancreas; pluripotent stem cells; stomach; thyroid