title: Insights into the role of maladaptive hexosamine biosynthesis and O-GlcNAcylation in development of diabetic cardiac complications.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of heart failure, independent of coronary artery disease. The mechanisms implicated in the development of diabetic heart disease, commonly termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, are complex, but much of the impact of diabetes on the heart can be attributed to impaired glucose handling. It has been shown that the maladaptive nutrient-sensing hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) contributes to diabetic complications in many non-cardiac tissues. Glucose metabolism by the HBP leads to enzymatically-regulated, O-linked attachment of a sugar moiety molecule, β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), to proteins, affecting their biological activity (similar to phosphorylation). In normal physiology, transient activation of HBP/O-GlcNAc mechanisms is an adaptive, protective means to enhance cell survival; interventions that acutely suppress this pathway decrease tolerance to stress. Conversely, chronic dysregulation of HBP/O-GlcNAc mechanisms has been shown to be detrimental in certain pathological settings, including diabetes and cancer. Most of our understanding of the impact of sustained maladaptive HBP and O-GlcNAc protein modifications has been derived from adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and other non-cardiac tissues, as a contributing mechanism to insulin resistance and progression of diabetic complications. However, the long-term consequences of persistent activation of cardiac HBP and O-GlcNAc are not well-understood; therefore, the goal of this timely review is to highlight current understanding of the role of the HBP pathway in development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Cheng Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Rochelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sleaby
authors.affiliation: University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04072, United States.
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Davidoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Miles J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: De Blasio
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Leanne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Delbridge
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chatham
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3800, VIC, Australia. Electronic address: rebecca.ritchie@bakeridi.edu.au.
authors.forename: Rebecca H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ritchie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D006595:Hexosamines
keywords: Cardiac remodeling; Diabetic cardiomyopathy; Diastolic function; Hyperglycemia; O-GlcNAcylation