title: Genetic Characterization of Circulating 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza Viruses from Eastern India.
abstract: In 2015, the swine derived A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic strain outbreak became widespread throughout the different states of India. The reported cases and deaths in 2015 surpassed the previous years with more than 39000 laboratory confirmed cases and a death toll of more than 2500 people. There are relatively limited complete genetic sequences available for this virus from Asian countries. In this study, we describe the full genome analysis of influenza 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses isolated from West Bengal between January through December 2015. The phylogenetic analysis of the haemagglutinin sequence revealed clustering with globally circulating strains of genogroup 6B. This was further confirmed by the constructed concatenated tree using all eight complete gene segments of Kolkata A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates with the other strains from different timeline and lineages. A study from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2015 reported novel mutations T200A and D225N in haemagglutinin gene of a 2014 Indian strain (A/India/6427/2014). However, in all the pandemic strains of 2014-2015 reported from India, so far including A(H1N1)pdm09 strains from Kolkata, D225N mutation was not observed, though the T200A mutation was found to be conserved. Neuraminidase gene of the analyzed strains did not show any oseltamivir resistant mutation H275Y suggesting continuation of Tamiflu® as drug of choice. The amino acid sequences of the all gene segments from 2015 A(H1N1)pdm09 isolates identified several new mutations compared to the 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 strains, which may have contributed towards enhanced virulence, compared to 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 strains.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Mukti Kant
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Shanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Samiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panda
authors.affiliation: Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Biswa Ranjan
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Satpathi
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chawla-Sarkar
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D016679:Genome, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics*; D053139:Oseltamivir / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; C493831:hemagglutinin HA1, influenza B virus; D053139:Oseltamivir; D009439:Neuraminidase