title: A comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy of articaine 4% and lidocaine 2% with anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block and infraorbital nerve block: Anin vivostudy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ideal maxillary injection should produce a rapid onset of profound pulpal anesthesia for multiple teeth from a single needle penetration. The main objective is to compare the efficacy of articaine 4% and lidocaine 2% and to compare anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block (AMSANB) and infraorbital nerve block (IONB) for anesthesia of maxillary teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients undergoing root canal treatment of maxillary anteriors and premolars were included and randomly divided into four groups of ten each. Group I: patients receiving AMSANB with articaine, Group II: Patients receiving IONB with articaine, Group III: Patients receiving AMSANB with lidocaine, Group IV: Patients receiving IONB with lidocaine. The scores of onset of anesthesia and pain perception were statistically analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Onset of action was fastest for articaine with AMSANB and slowest for lidocaine with IONB by Tukey's test. A significant change was observed in the electrical pulp test readings at onset and at 30 min by pairedt-test. All patients experienced mild pain during the procedure recorded by visual analog scale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Articaine 4% proved to be more efficacious than lidocaine 2%, and AMSANB was more advantageous than IONB in securing anesthesia of maxillary anteriors and premolars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Suma Prahlad
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Prahlad Annappa
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Saraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Laxmikant
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kamatagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hugar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pedodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamgond
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patil
keywords: Anterior middle superior alveolar nerve block; articaine 4%; infraorbital nerve block; lidocaine 2%; maxillary anesthesia