title: "These Pretzels Are Making Me Thirsty": Older Children and Adults Struggle With Induced-State Episodic Foresight.
abstract: We explored children's and adults' ability to disengage from current physiological states when forecasting future desires. In Study 1, 8- to 13-year-olds and adults (N = 104) ate pretzels (to induce thirst) and then predicted and explained what they would want tomorrow, pretzels or water. Demonstrating life-span continuity, approximately 70% of participants, regardless of age, chose water and referenced current thirst as their rationale. Individual differences in working memory and undergraduate grade point average were positively related to performance on the pretzel task. In Study 2, we obtained baseline preferences from adults (N = 35) and confirmed that, prior to consuming pretzels, people do not anticipate wanting water more than pretzels the next day. Together, these findings indicate that both children and adults are tethered to the present when forecasting their future desires.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: Hannah J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tashjian
authors.affiliation: University of California, Davis.
authors.forename: Kristin Hansen
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lagattuta
mesh_terms: D000073978:Academic Performance; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059031:Anticipation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D013894:Thirst / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult