title: Hemodialysis delivery, dialysis dose achievement, and vascular access types in hemodialysis patients from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries enrolled in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study phase 5 (2012-2015).
abstract: The prospective observational Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) was initiated in late 2012 in national samples of hemodialysis (HD) units (n = 41 study sites) in all six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates). For many years, guidelines have recommended single pool Kt/V ≥1.2 as the minimum adequate dose for chronic HD patients. Here, we report initial DOPPS results regarding HD practices related to dialysis dose achievement in the GCC. A total of 928 adult HD patients were included in this analysis from 41 centers representing all six GCC countries. Baseline descriptive statistics (e.g., mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range, or percentage) were calculated for the study sample. Results were weighted according to the fraction of HD patients sampled within each participating study site. Mean age varied between 51 years in Bahrain, Oman, and Saudi Arabia, 55 years in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Kuwait, and 62 years in Qatar. Mean body mass index (BMI) was the lowest in Oman patients (23.9 kg/m 2 , but the remaining GCC countries had mean BMIs of 25.7-28.9 kg/m 2 and substantial fractions of overweight patients. Median dialysis vintage ranged from 1.52 years in Kuwait to 3.52 years in Oman. Mean treatment time per session varied from 202 min in Saudi Arabia to 230 min in Qatar while mean blood flow rate (BFR) ranged between 267 mL/min in Oman and 310 mL/min in Saudi Arabia. Interdialytic weight gain varied considerably among GCC countries between 3.1 and 4.0 kg. Central venous catheter use was high among GCC countries, ranging from 29% in Oman to 56% in Kuwait, with other countries averaging 30-40% catheter use. Data were available only for 50-76% of patients in four GCC countries (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and UAE) for calculating single pool Kt/V to indicate dialysis adequacy. When calculated for patients with vintage >1 year and dialyzing three times per week, mean single pool Kt/V was highest in Qatar and the UAE (1.50-1.51), intermediate in Kuwait (1.35), and lowest in Saudi Arabia (1.29). A higher risk of mortality was observed for patients having a single pool Kt/V <1.2 (vs. ≥1.2) [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.92]. Achievement of Kt/V in the GCC, although lower than in other DOPPS regions such as Europe/ANZ and North America, was similar to that in Japan. Japan and the GCC also share the practice of having a lower blood volume filtered per HD session per kg body weight. These findings suggest that increasing mean BFR and treatment time in the GCC, along with reducing catheter use, would substantially increase overall achievement of Kt/V >1.2 in the GCC, and hence, may improve survival. These mortality findings will need to be confirmed with up-coming GCC-DOPPS 6 analysis.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Farwaniya Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Anas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: AlYousef
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain.
authors.forename: Sumaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: AlGhareeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al Wakeel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saeed M G
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Ghamdi
authors.affiliation: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bieber
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Yacoub
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al Maimani
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Mubarak Alkabeer Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Alkandari
authors.affiliation: Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Haroun Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar.
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fawzy
authors.affiliation: Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Pisoni
authors.affiliation: List of Study Group in Acknowledgment.
mesh_terms: D001445:Bahrain; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America; D009850:Oman; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011780:Qatar; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014479:United Arab Emirates