title: Saline Hysteroscopy for Removal of Retained Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices in Early Pregnancy.
abstract: Pregnancies complicated by a retained intrauterine device (IUD) are at increased risk for adverse outcomes such as miscarriage and preterm labour. There is limited evidence to guide the management of retained IUDs in pregnancy when the strings are not visible at the external cervical os. We describe a method for IUD retrieval in such cases.
  
  
  
  Twenty-six patients underwent saline hysteroscopy with or without concurrent ultrasound guidance for retrieval of a retained IUD in early pregnancy between 2002 and 2015. We retrospectively evaluated procedural and pregnancy-related outcomes in this case series.
  
  
  
  The average gestational age at the time of the procedure was 11+0 weeks. Successful IUD retrieval occurred in 22 of 26 cases (84.6%). There were 23 live births, including 20 full term and three preterm deliveries. The average gestational age at delivery was 38+4 weeks. There was one miscarriage and one elective termination of pregnancy following the procedure. There were no complications directly related to the procedure.
  
  
  
  Saline hysteroscopy is a safe and effective method for retrieval of a retained IUD in early pregnancy. It appears that concurrent ultrasound guidance can facilitate IUD localization, but more cases are needed to confirm this. Pregnancy outcomes after IUD retrieval were favourable, with a low rate of miscarriage and preterm labour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Calgary, Calgary AB.
authors.forename: Ari P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver BC.
authors.forename: Margo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fluker
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver BC.
authors.forename: Barry H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Intrauterine device; hysteroscopy; pregnancy; pregnancy outcomes; removal; ultrasound guidance