title: Dual effect of insulin resistance and cadmium on human granulosa cells - In vitro study.
abstract: Combined exposure of cadmium (Cd) and insulin resistance (IR) might be responsible for subfertility. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd in vitro in IR human granulosa cells. Isolated human granulosa cells from control and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) follicular fluid samples were confirmed for IR by decrease in protein expression of insulin receptor-β. Control and IR human granulosa cells were then incubated with or without 32μM Cd. The combined effect of IR with 32μM Cd in granulosa cells demonstrated significant decrease in expression of StAR, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, 17β-HSD, 3β-HSD, FSH-R and LH-R. Decrease was also observed in progesterone and estradiol concentrations as compared to control. Additionally, increase in protein expression of cleaved PARP-F2, active caspase-3 and a positive staining for Annexin V and PI indicated apoptosis as the mode of increased cell death ultimately leading to decreased steroidogenesis, as observed through the combined exposure. Taken together the results suggest decrease in steroidogenesis ultimately leading to abnormal development of the follicle thus compromising fertility at the level of preconception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.. Electronic address: muskaanbelani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Muskaan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belani
authors.affiliation: Nova IVI Fertility, Behind Xavier's Ladies Hostel, 108, Swastik Society Rd., Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 390009, Gujarat, India.. Electronic address: preeti.shah@novaivifertility.com.
authors.forename: Preeti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Nova IVI Fertility, Behind Xavier's Ladies Hostel, 108, Swastik Society Rd., Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 390009, Gujarat, India.. Electronic address: manish.banker@novaivifertility.com.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Banker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.. Electronic address: saritagupta9@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007333:Insulin Resistance
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Apoptosis; Cadmium; Human granulosa cells; Insulin resistance; Steroidogenesis