title: Effect of Surface Treatments on the Bond Strength to Turkom-Cera All-ceramic Material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength (SBS) of Turkom-Cera (Turkom-Ceramic (M) Sdn. Bhd., Puchong, Malaysia) all-ceramic material cemented with resin cement Panavia-F (Kuraray Medical Inc., Okayama, Japan).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Turkom-Cera ceramic disks (10 mm × 3 mm) were prepared and randomly divided into four groups. The disks were wet ground to 1000-grit and subjected to four surface treatments: (1) No treatment (Control), (2) sandblasting, (3) silane application, and (4) sandblasting + silane. The four groups of 10 specimens each were bonded with Panavia-F resin cement according to manufacturer's recommendations. The SBS was determined using the universal testing machine (Instron) at 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Failure modes were recorded and a qualitative micromorphologic examination of different surface treatments was performed. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SBS of the control, sandblasting, silane, and sandblasting + silane groups were: 10.8 ± 1.5, 16.4 ± 3.4, 16.2 ± 2.5, and 19.1 ± 2.4 MPa respectively. According to the Tukey HSD test, only the mean SBS of the control group was significantly different from the other three groups. There was no significant difference between sandblasting, silane, and sandblasting + silane groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the three surface treatments used improved the bond strength of resin cement to Turkom-Cera disks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surface treatments used in this study appeared to be suitable methods for the cementation of glass infiltrated all-ceramic restorations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abdul Aa
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Razak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohamed I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Abu-Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +00966568557923, e-mail: makramani@yahoo.com.|Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
authors.forename: Bandar Ma
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Al-Makramani
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen.
authors.forename: Fuad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Al-Sanabani
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
authors.forename: Ibrahim Z
authors.initials: IZ
authors.lastname: Al-Shami
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hosain M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Almansour
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002484:Cementation / Q000379:methods; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003764:Dental Materials; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; D000537:Aluminum Oxide
keywords: Adhesion; Cements; Ceramics Shear bond strength.