title: Episiotomy Technique and Management of Anal Sphincter Tears-A Survey of Clinical Practice and Education.
abstract: To ascertain current techniques of episiotomy used by obstetrics and gynaecology faculty members and residents in an academic department and to determine the current management strategies for third and fourth degree tears.
  
  
  
  A 14-question anonymous online survey was circulated to all faculty members and residents in the University of Toronto Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology between October 2015 and March 2016. Results were analyzed descriptively or with Fisher exact test.
  
  
  
  The survey response rate was 65.5% (169/258) among 108 faculty members and 61 residents. A history of clinical teaching regarding episiotomy was reported by 87% of faculty members and 75.4% of residents. Right mediolateral episiotomy was the most frequently used method among faculty members (88.0%) and residents (95.1%). The majority of respondents indicated that they would use an end-to-end technique for repair in the labour and delivery room under regional anaesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotics were never prescribed by 18.5% of faculty members and 13.1% of residents for third or fourth degree tears. In analysis by type of training, respondents who had taken a workshop or formal class were significantly more likely to prescribe physiotherapy postpartum (P = 0.001).
  
  
  
  The most common reported method of learning episiotomy was clinical experience. A substantial number of responses differed from current SOGC guidelines for episiotomy technique and repair and management of anal sphincter injury. We propose developing a workshop and/or simulation-based method of instruction for episiotomy technique and repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lausman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto ON.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geary
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004841:Episiotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000601:surgery; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Episiotomy; OASIS; education; fourth-degree tear; third-degree tear; workshop