title: Sequential multi-nuclide emission rate estimation method based on gamma dose rate measurement for nuclear emergency management.
abstract: In case of a nuclear accident, the source term is typically not known but extremely important for the assessment of the consequences to the affected population. Therefore the assessment of the potential source term is of uppermost importance for emergency response. A fully sequential method, derived from a regularized weighted least square problem, is proposed to reconstruct the emission and composition of a multiple-nuclide release using gamma dose rate measurement. The a priori nuclide ratios are incorporated into the background error covariance (BEC) matrix, which is dynamically augmented and sequentially updated. The negative estimations in the mathematical algorithm are suppressed by utilizing artificial zero-observations (with large uncertainties) to simultaneously update the state vector and BEC. The method is evaluated by twin experiments based on the JRodos system. The results indicate that the new method successfully reconstructs the emission and its uncertainties. Accurate a priori ratio accelerates the analysis process, which obtains satisfactory results with only limited number of measurements, otherwise it needs more measurements to generate reasonable estimations. The suppression of negative estimation effectively improves the performance, especially for the situation with poor a priori information, where it is more prone to the generation of negative values.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany; Institute of Public Safety Research, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China. Electronic address: zhangxiaole10@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Xiaole
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Raskob
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany.
authors.forename: Dmytro
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trybushnyi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nuclear and Energy Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, D-76021, Germany.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: Atmospheric dispersion prediction; Gamma dose rate; JRodos; Multi-nuclide emission estimation; Nuclear power plant accident