title: Prevalence and risk factors of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder after breast cancer treatment.
abstract: The present study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder in breast cancer patients between 13 and 18 months after surgery.
  
  
  
  This study included 271 women who underwent surgery for breast cancer with a postoperative period of 13-18 months. Current adhesive capsulitis was defined as restriction of external rotation and one or more additional directional restrictions with history of shoulder pain. Cumulative adhesive capsulitis was defined as current adhesive capsulitis or a previous history of adhesive capsulitis after breast cancer surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine associations between current or cumulative adhesive capsulitis and potential risk factors.
  
  
  
  Among the 271 study patients, 28 (10.3%) and 21 (7.7%) had cumulative or current adhesive capsulitis, respectively. The incidences of cumulative and current adhesive capsulitis were higher in those aged 50-59 years (odds ratio [OR], 9.912; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.790-54.880; and OR, 12.395; 95% CI, 1.187-129.444, respectively) and those who underwent mastectomy (OR, 6.805; 95% CI, 1.800-25.733; and OR, 9.645; 95% CI, 2.075-44.829, respectively) or mastectomy with reconstruction (OR, 13.122; 95% CI, 2.488-69.218; and OR, 20.075; 95% CI, 2.873-140.261, respectively).
  
  
  
  Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder is a common problem after breast cancer treatment. An age of 50-59 years and mastectomy are major risk factors for adhesive capsulitis, and breast reconstruction additionally increases the risk. Patients with these risk factors require greater attention for early diagnosis and proper treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seoyon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dae Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sei Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jisun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Breast-Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kosin University College of Medicine, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-702, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Kyu
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyoung Hyo
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea. duocl79@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D002062:Bursitis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012307:Risk Factors; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Adhesive capsulitis; Breast cancer; Mastectomy; Risk factor; Shoulder pain