title: Transcriptional analysis of degenerate strain Clostridium beijerinckii DG-8052 reveals a pleiotropic response to CaCO3-associated recovery of solvent production.
abstract: Degenerate Clostridium beijerinckii strain (DG-8052) can be partially recovered by supplementing CaCO3to fermentation media. Genome resequencing of DG-8052 showed no general regulator mutated. This study focused on transcriptional analysis of DG-8052 and its response to CaCO3treatment via microarray. The expressions of 5168 genes capturing 98.6% of C. beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 genome were examed. The results revealed that with addition of CaCO3565 and 916 genes were significantly up-regulated, and 704 and 1044 genes significantly down-regulated at acidogenic and solventogenic phase of DG-8052, respectively. These genes are primarily responsible for glycolysis to solvent/acid production (poR, pfo), solventogensis (buk, ctf, aldh, adh, bcd) and sporulation (spo0A, sigE, sigma-70, bofA), cell motility and division (ftsA, ftsK, ftsY, ftsH, ftsE, mreB, mreC, mreD, rodA), and molecular chaperones (grpE, dnaK, dnaJ, hsp20, hsp90), etc. The functions of some altered genes in DG-8052, totalling 5.7% at acidogenisis and 8.0% at sovlentogenisis, remain unknown. The response of the degenerate strain to CaCO3was suggested significantly pleiotropic. This study reveals the multitude of regulatory function that CaCO3has in clostridia and provides detailed insights into degeneration mechanisms at gene regulation level. It also enables us to develop effective strategies to prevent strain degeneration in future.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Shengyin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri, USA.
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Renjia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Ruijuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046970:Clostridium beijerinckii / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects*; D012997:Solvents / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D002119:Calcium Carbonate