title: Neuropsychiatric Lupus in clinical practice.
abstract: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving multiple organs, characterized by the production of autoantibodies and the development of tissue injury. The etiology of SLE is partially known, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. As many as 50% of patients with SLE have neurological involvement during the course of their disease. Neurological manifestations are associated with impaired quality of life, and high morbidity and mortality rates. Nineteen neuropsychiatric syndromes have been identified associated with SLE, and can be divided into central and peripheral manifestations. This article reviews major neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with SLE and discusses their clinical features, radiological findings and treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Lívia Almeida
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fortaleza CE, Brasil.|Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Divisão de Neurologia, Fortaleza CE, Brasil.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Fabio F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Toso
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Reumatologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kayser
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Divisão de Neurologia Geral, Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Orlando G P
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Barsottini
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D020945:Lupus Vasculitis, Central Nervous System / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009187:Myelitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies