title: Hippocampal volume predicts antidepressant efficacy in depressed patients without incomplete hippocampal inversion.
abstract: Incomplete hippocampal inversion (IHI), also called malrotation, is a frequent atypical anatomical pattern of the hippocampus. Because of the crucial implication of the hippocampus in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of MDD, we aimed to assess the prevalence of IHI in patients with MDD, the link of IHI with hippocampal volume (HV) and the impact of IHI on the predictive value of HV for response and remission after antidepressant treatment.
  
  
  
  IHI (right and left, partial and total and IHI scores) and HV were assessed in 60 patients with a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in a context of MDD and 60 matched controls. Patients were prospectively assessed at baseline and after one, three and six months of antidepressant treatment for response and remission.
  
  
  
  The prevalence of IHI did not significantly differ between MDD patients (right = 23.3%; left = 38.3%) and controls (right = 16.7%; left = 33.3%). IHI was not significantly associated with MDD clinical characteristics. IHI alone did not predict response and remission after antidepressant treatment. However, an interaction between left HV and left IHI predicted six-month response (p = 0.04), HDRS score decrease (p = 0.02) and both three-month (p = 0.04) and six-month (p = 0.03) remission. A case-control design in 30 matched patients with or without left IHI confirmed that interaction. In patients without left IHI, left HV at baseline were smaller in six-month non-remitters as compared to remitters (2.2(± 0.43) cm3vs 2.97(± 0.5) cm3p = 0.02), and in six-month non-responders as compared to responders (2.18(± 0.42) cm3vs 2.86(± 0.54) cm3, p = 0.03). In patients with left IHI, no association was found between left HV at baseline and antidepressant response and remission.
  
  
  
  IHI is not more frequent in MDD patients than in controls, is not associated with HV, but is a confounder that decreases the predictive value of hippocampal volume to predict response or remission after antidepressant treatment. IHI should be systematically assessed in future research studies assessing hippocampal volume in MDD.
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colle
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1127, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1127, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chupin
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Deflesselle
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.affiliation: Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; CNRS IR4M, UMR 8081, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Ghaidaa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nasser
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Saclay, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falissard
authors.affiliation: Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; CNRS IR4M, UMR 8081, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Neuroradiologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ducreux
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1127, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, 75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Inria, Aramis project-team, Centre de Recherche de Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Departments of Neuroradiology and Neurology, F-75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Colliot
authors.affiliation: INSERM UMRS 1178, Team "Depression and Antidepressants", 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine Paris Sud, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Sud, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corruble
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012372:ROC Curve; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: Antidepressant; HV, hippocampal volume; Hippocampal volume; IHI, Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion; Incomplete Hippocampal Inversion; MDD, Major Depressive Disorder; MDE, Major Depressive Episode; Major Depressive Disorder; Remission; Response