title: Does Circadian Variation of Mothers Affect Macronutrients of Breast Milk?
abstract: ObjectiveTo determine the within-day variation of fat, protein, and carbohydrate content of breast milk.MethodsThe study was conducted at Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital between April 2013 and January 2014. We obtained milk samples from lactating mothers of hospitalized infants through hand expression after breast-feeding or pumping three times a day. A mid-infrared human milk analyzer was used for measuring the macronutrient contents of breast milk samples.ResultsLactating mothers of 52 infants (30 preterm, 22 term) were recruited to the study. No significant difference was found in protein, fat, and carbohydrate content of milk samples throughout the day. We compared within-day variation of macronutrients of transitional and mature milk, milk samples from the mothers of preterm and term infants, and samples collected by either hand expression or pumping. We did not find a significant difference between the groups.ConclusionAbsence of circadian variations in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content of breast milk in our study may be related to ethnic differences, maternal nutritional status, different milk content measurement technique, and population characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aslihan Köse
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Çetinkaya
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Evrim Alyamaç
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dizdar
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erbu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yarcı
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma Nur
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serife Suna
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nurdan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uras
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity Teaching Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fuat Emre
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Canpolat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D061186:Breast Milk Expression; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009035:Mothers; D009753:Nutritive Value; D047928:Premature Birth; D047929:Term Birth; D014421:Turkey; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins