title: Arabidopsis myrosinases link the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and the cuticle.
abstract: Both physical barriers and reactive phytochemicals represent two important components of a plant's defence system against environmental stress. However, these two defence systems have generally been studied independently. Here, we have taken an exclusive opportunity to investigate the connection between a chemical-based plant defence system, represented by the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, and a physical barrier, represented by the cuticle, using Arabidopsis myrosinase (thioglucosidase; TGG) mutants. The tgg1, single and tgg1 tgg2 double mutants showed morphological changes compared to wild-type plants visible as changes in pavement cells, stomatal cells and the ultrastructure of the cuticle. Extensive metabolite analyses of leaves from tgg mutants and wild-type Arabidopsis plants showed altered levels of cuticular fatty acids, fatty acid phytyl esters, glucosinolates, and indole compounds in tgg single and double mutants as compared to wild-type plants. These results point to a close and novel association between chemical defence systems and physical defence barriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.|Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ishita
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ric C H
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: de Vos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rohloff
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.|RIKILT, Wageningen UR, Akkermaalsbos 2, 6708 WB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Stoopen
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Kari K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Halle
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad (UAF), Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samina Jam Nazeer
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Linh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.affiliation: Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.|Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.|Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Atle M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bones
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005961:Glucosinolates / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005961:Glucosinolates; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C511862:TGG1 protein, Arabidopsis; C511863:TGG2 protein, Arabidopsis; C022739:thioglucosidase