title: Effects of a mixed media education intervention program on increasing knowledge, attitude, and compliance with standard precautions among nursing students: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Standard precautions (SPs) are considered fundamental protective measures to manage health care-associated infections and to reduce occupational health hazards. This study intended to assess the effectiveness of a mixed media education intervention to enhance nursing students' knowledge, attitude, and compliance with SPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with 84 nursing students was conducted in a teaching hospital in Hubei, China. The intervention group (n = 42) attended 3 biweekly mixed media education sessions, consisting of lectures, videos, role-play, and feedback with 15-20 minutes of individual online supervision and feedback sessions following each class. The control group learned the same material through self-directed readings. Pre- and posttest assessments of knowledge, attitudes, and compliance were assessed with the Knowledge with Standard Precautions Questionnaire, Attitude with Standard Precautions Scale, and the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale, respectively. The Standard Bacterial Colony Index was used to assess handwashing effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 6-week follow-up, performance on the Knowledge with Standard Precautions Questionnaire, Attitude with Standard Precautions Scale, and Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale were significantly improved in the intervention group compared with the control group (P < .01). The hand hygiene standard in the intervention group (38 passed) outperformed the control group (23 passed) (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mixed media education intervention is effective in improving knowledge, attitude, and compliance with SPs.
authors.affiliation: Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China; HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: HOPE School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tat Leong
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Global and Community Mental Health Research Group, Department of Psychology, The University of Macau, Taipa, Macau (SAR), People's Republic of China; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Electronic address: brianhall@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002681:China; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011361:Professional Competence; D013338:Students, Nursing; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: China; Clinical trial; Compliance; Health care-associated infections; Health hazards; Infection control; Teaching hospital