title: Effect of trans-anethole, limonene and your combination in nutritional components and their reflection on reproductive parameters and testicular apoptosis in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is a major pest in several crops due to its polyphagous habit. Studies on the use of essential oils for pest control have been increasing over the years, presenting itself as a promising alternative with less environmental impact. Chemical profile evaluations of essential oils enable the knowledge and use of major compounds, providing a better understanding of their actions in the life history of insects. Thus, the study evaluated the effects of the major compounds limonene, trans-anethole and the combined effects upon nutrition, reproduction and testicular apoptosis in S. frugiperda. Larvae of third instar were submitted to the LD50of the compounds by topical contact and 48 h later the amounts of lipids, proteins, total sugar and glycogen were evaluated. The testicular apoptosis was evaluated in the treated larvae after 48 h and the reproductive parameters were evaluated after adult emergence. All treatments reduced the amounts of lipid, protein, total sugar and glycogen when compared to control. The most significant results were obtained by the association of compounds. All treatments reduced the number of eggs, oviposition period and adult longevity when compared to control. There were no changes in the pre-oviposition and post-oviposition periods. Testicular apoptosis was observed in the limonene and in the combined treatments. It is concluded that limonene and trans-anethole, especially in association, cause adverse effects upon nutrition and reproduction in S. frugiperda, altering essential parameters for its survival and establishment on crops.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil. Electronic address: nanebiologa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Glaucilane S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valéria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wanderley-Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolline G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: D' Assunção
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty Frassinetti Recife, Conde da Boa Vista Avenue 921, Boa Vista, 50060-002, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franklin M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro A C
authors.initials: ÁAC
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Entomology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kamilla A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dutra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Tecnology of Maranhão - Bacabal, Governador João Alberto Avenue s/n, Areal, 65700-000, Bacabal, MA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Douglas R S
authors.initials: DRS
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Br-104 - n/n Km 14, 57072-970, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Breda
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D007536:Isomerism; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D000077222:Limonene; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry; D012098:Reproduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013729:Terpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013729:Terpenes; D000077222:Limonene; C006578:anethole
keywords: Fall armyworm; Major compounds; Nutrition; Reproduction; Topical contact