title: Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Prognosis.
abstract: The American Diabetes Association, JDRF, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists convened a research symposium, "The Differentiation of Diabetes by Pathophysiology, Natural History and Prognosis" on 10-12 October 2015. International experts in genetics, immunology, metabolism, endocrinology, and systems biology discussed genetic and environmental determinants of type 1 and type 2 diabetes risk and progression, as well as complications. The participants debated how to determine appropriate therapeutic approaches based on disease pathophysiology and stage and defined remaining research gaps hindering a personalized medical approach for diabetes to drive the field to address these gaps. The authors recommend a structure for data stratification to define the phenotypes and genotypes of subtypes of diabetes that will facilitate individualized treatment.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1136-8110
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Skyler
authors.affiliation: The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bakris
authors.affiliation: Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8704-4713
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
authors.affiliation: American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6650-6368
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darsow
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4870-4600
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Eckel
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0187-3263
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.affiliation: Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.|Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Institute of America, Tarzana, CA.
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Handelsman
authors.affiliation: JDRF, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Insel
authors.affiliation: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.affiliation: American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA amcelvaine@diabetes.org.
authors.forename: Allison T
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0654-4047
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: McElvaine
authors.affiliation: University of Washington and VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
authors.forename: Jerry P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL.
authors.forename: Desmond A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1044-5762
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Jay M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sosenko
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, U.K.
authors.forename: John P H
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2839-8404
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wilding
authors.affiliation: American Diabetes Association, Arlington, VA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ratner
mesh_terms: D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents