title: No Positive Association between Vitamin D Level and Immune Responses to Hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are associated with subsequent better immune responses to hepatitis B and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccination in HIV-infected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  25OHD was measured on stored baseline plasma samples from two randomized vaccine trials in HIV-infected adults: the ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B trial and an immunological sub-study of the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC trial. In ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B, participants received three or four doses of recombinant HBV vaccine strategies. Anti-HBs IgG titers were measured four weeks after the last injection. Associations between baseline 25OHD levels and ordered IgG response categories were analyzed in multivariable proportional odds models. In the ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study, two strategies of pneumococcal vaccination were tested, cellular immune responses were measured at repeated time points, and IgG responses four weeks after the last vaccine injection. Exploratory statistical analyses were performed on this sub-study data set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and thirty-nine ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B and 25 ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC sub-study participants were included in the analyses. Median age in each of the two studies was 43 years, 68% were male, and 77-92% on antiretroviral treatment. Median 25OHD level was 18 ng/mL (IQR: 12-25) and 24 ng/mL (IQR: 13-32) in the two trial populations, respectively. In the multivariable model, there was no significant association between baseline 25OHD level and vaccine responses in ANRS HB03 VIHVAC B (proportional odds ratio 0.83 per 10 ng/mL 25OHD increase; 95% confidence interval 0.65-1.07, p = 0.14). Exploratory analyses of ANRS 114-PNEUMOVAC showed consistent results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study does not support a positive association between 25OHD and immune responses to hepatitis B or pneumococcal vaccination in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: APHP, Centre de diagnostic et de Thérapeutique, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France.|EA 7327, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Viard
authors.affiliation: INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assuied
authors.affiliation: Equipe 16, INSERM U955, Créteil, France.|Faculté de médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France.|Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France.|Service d'immunologie clinique et maladies infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor A. Chenevier, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.affiliation: Service d'explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker, APHP, Paris France.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Souberbielle
authors.affiliation: INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France.|CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France.|INRIA SISTM, Talence, France.
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiébaut
authors.affiliation: INSERM U1136, Paris, France.|APHP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrat
authors.affiliation: INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chêne
authors.affiliation: INSERM, CIC 1417, F-CRIN, I-REIVAC, Paris, France.|Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.|APHP, Cochin Hospital, CIC Cochin Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Odile
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Launay
authors.affiliation: INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux, France.|Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France.|CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de santé publique, Bordeaux, France.|INRIA SISTM, Talence, France.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-2225
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D