title: Combination of cupric ion with hydroxylamine and hydrogen peroxide for the control of bacterial biofilms on RO membranes.
abstract: Combinations of Cu(II) with hydroxylamine (HA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (i.e., Cu(II)/HA, Cu(II)/H2O2, and Cu(II)/HA/H2O2systems) were investigated for the control of P. aeruginosa biofilms on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. These Cu(II)-based disinfection systems effectively inactivated P. aeruginosa cells, exhibiting different behaviors depending on the state of bacterial cells (planktonic or biofilm) and the condition of biofilm growth and treatment (normal or pressurized condition). The Cu(II)/HA and Cu(II)/HA/H2O2systems were the most effective reagents for the inactivation of planktonic cells. However, these systems were not effective in inactivating cells in biofilms on the RO membranes possibly due to the interactions of Cu(I) with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), where biofilms were grown and treated in center for disease control (CDC) reactors. Different from the results using CDC reactors, in a pressurized cross-flow RO filtration unit, the Cu(II)/HA/H2O2treatment significantly inactivated biofilm cells formed on the RO membranes, successfully recovering the permeate flux reduced by the biofouling. The pretreatment of feed solutions by Cu(II)/HA and Cu(II)/HA/H2O2systems (applied before the biofilm formation) effectively mitigated the permeate flux decline by preventing the biofilm growth on the RO membranes.
authors.affiliation: School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, and KIST-UNIST-Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, and KIST-UNIST-Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, and KIST-UNIST-Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials (KUUC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: clee@unist.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Changha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D006898:Hydroxylamines; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009995:Osmosis; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D006898:Hydroxylamines; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D019811:Hydroxylamine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Biofilm; Biofouling; Cupric ion; Hydrogen peroxide; Hydroxylamine; Reverse osmosis membrane