title: Evaluation of the human blood entropy production: a new thermodynamic approach.
abstract: In this paper, we follow the thermodynamic theory with internal variables of Kluitenberg evaluating the entropy production of red blood cell in saline solution and whole blood, respectively, when they are subjected to an ultrasound wave. From a thermodynamic point of view, blood is an open system; so to fully represent the entropy variation as function of frequency perturbation we employ phenomenological coefficients which allow us to qualitatively discriminate among classes of phenomena which cannot be observed in any other way. Therefore, a correlation between these coefficients and quantities experimentally measurable allows to a deeper knowledge of biological phenomena.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici IPCF-C.N.R., Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farsaci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tellone
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galtieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ficarra
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001769:Blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019277:Entropy; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Blood; Entropy; Non-equilibrium thermodynamic; Red blood cells; Ultrasound