title: Socket Preservation using Enzyme-treated Equine Bone Granules and an Equine Collagen Matrix: A Case Report with Histological and Histomorphometrical Assessment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To histologically assess the effectiveness of a socket-preservation technique using enzyme-treated equine bone granules as a bone-graft material in combination with an equine collagen matrix as a scaffold for soft-tissue regeneration.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Enzyme-treated equine bone granules and equine collagen matrix recently have been developed to help overcome alveolar bone deficiencies that develop in the wake of edentulism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient had one mandibular molar extracted and the socket grafted with equine bone granules. The graft was covered with the equine collagen matrix, placed in a double layer. No flap was prepared, and the gingival margins were stabilized with a single stitch, leaving the matrix partially exposed and the site to heal by secondary intention. The adjacent molar was extracted 1 month later, and that socket was left to heal by secondary intention without any further treatment. Three months after each surgery, an implant was placed and a biopsy was collected. The two biopsies underwent histological processing and qualitative evaluation. Histomorphometric analysis was also performed to calculate the percentage of newly formed bone (NFB) in the two cores. Healing at both sites was uneventful, and no inflammation or other adverse reactions were observed in the samples. Soft-tissue healing by secondary intention appeared to occur faster at the grafted site. The corresponding core showed a marked separation between soft and hard tissue that was not observed in the core from the nongrafted site, where soft-tissue hypertrophy could be observed. Newly formed bone at the grafted and nongrafted sites was not significantly different (27.2 ± 7.1 and 29.4 ± 6.2% respectively, p = 0.45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The surgical technique employed in this case appeared to facilitate postextraction soft-tissue healing by second intention and simplify soft-tissue management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a collagen-based matrix to cover a postextraction grafted site may facilitate second intention soft-tissue healing and proper soft-tissue growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental School, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy, Phone: +00390258303922, e-mail: leo.doc73@libero.it.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leonida
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental School, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Todeschini
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Clinic, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lomartire
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence Italy.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cinci
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Interdepartmental Forensic Medicine Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pieri
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000473:pathology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; D004798:Enzymes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D003094:Collagen
keywords: Case report; Equine bone graft; Equine collagen matrix; Secondary intention healing Socket preservation.