title: Dependence on b-value of the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted imaging signal in brain.
abstract: The dependence of the direction-averaged diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal in brain was studied as a function of b-value in order to help elucidate the relationship between diffusion weighting and brain microstructure.
  
  
  
  High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) data were acquired from two human volunteers with 128 diffusion-encoding directions and six b-value shells ranging from 1000 to 6000s/mm2in increments of 1000s/mm2. The direction-averaged signal was calculated for each shell by averaging over all diffusion-encoding directions, and the signal was plotted as a function of b-value for selected regions of interest. As a supplementary analysis, similar methods were also applied to retrospective DWI data obtained from the human connectome project (HCP), which includes b-values up to 10,000s/mm2.
  
  
  
  For all regions of interest, a simple power law relationship accurately described the observed dependence of the direction-averaged signal as a function of the diffusion weighting. In white matter, the characteristic exponent was 0.56±0.05, while in gray matter it was 0.88±0.11. Comparable results were found with the HCP data.
  
  
  
  The direction-averaged DWI signal varies, to a good approximation, as a power of the b-value, for b-values between 1000 and 6000s/mm2. The exponents characterizing this power law behavior were markedly different for white and gray matter, indicative of sharply contrasting microstructural environments. These results may inform the construction of microstructural models used to interpret the DWI signal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Emilie T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. Electronic address: jense@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Jens H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: G Russell
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Helpern
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
keywords: B-value; Brain; Diffusion; HARDI; MRI; Microstructure