title: Evaluation of the leaching behavior of incineration bottom ash using seawater: A comparison with standard leaching tests.
abstract: Batch and column tests were conducted on untreated incineration bottom ash (IBA) samples from two incineration plants in Singapore, using seawater as the leachant. The main objective of this study was to investigate the change in the leaching behavior of certain elements (i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and Zn) when IBA comes into contact with seawater. Such an investigation using seawater as leachant was not commonly carried out when investigating leaching behavior in IBA. The leaching tests were then carried out on the same IBA samples using DI water, as a comparison. Lower level of leaching was observed for Pb and Zn when seawater was used as the leachant. Cr and Sb showed significant cumulative release at Liquid-to-Solids (L/S) ratio 5 in the seawater column leaching. The influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) on Cu leaching seems to decrease after L/S 2 when using seawater in the column test. Although the leaching behavior of IBA was affected when seawater was used, for the column test, there was no significant difference during the initial release when compared to DI water. The initial L/S fractions collected were important as the low L/S ratios represent the pore water concentration and the maximum output in an actual application. The results from this study would be useful for the future study on using IBA in marine applications.
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore. Electronic address: wylin1@e.ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Wenlin Yvonne
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kim Soon
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Heng
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Minh Quan
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Jin Rui Ivan
authors.initials: JRI
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Omar Ahmad Bin
authors.initials: OAB
authors.lastname: Mohamed Noh
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xue Dong
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Residue and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore. Electronic address: jywang@ntu.edu.sg.
authors.forename: Jing-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D017745:Incineration / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D012846:Singapore; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D062611:Solid Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Batch leaching; Column leaching; Incineration bottom ash; Municipal solid waste; Seawater leachant