title: Dietary factors and fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in young adults with African ancestry.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), a phosphaturic hormone secreted mainly by osteocytes, maintains serum phosphate levels within a tight range by promoting phosphaturia. Previous studies have mainly focused on the link between FGF23 levels and dietary intake of phosphate, but other dietary factors may also influence FGF23 levels. This cross-sectional study pooled three populations of young adults with African ancestry (452 in Chicago, IL, USA; 477 in Victoria, Seychelles; and 482 in Kumasi, Ghana) with estimated glomerular filtration rate >80 ml/min/1.73 m2to examine the association of dietary factors based on two 24-h recalls with FGF23 levels measured using a C-terminal assay. Linear regression was used to examine the association between log-transformed FGF23 levels and quartiles of calorie-adjusted dietary factors with adjustment for covariates. In the pooled sample of 1411 study participants, the mean age was 35.2 (6.2) years and 45.3% were male. Median plasma C-terminal FGF23 values in relative units (RU)/ml were 59.5 [interquartile range (IQR) 44.1, 85.3] in the USA, 43.2 (IQR 33.1, 57.9) in Seychelles, and 34.0 (IQR 25.2, 50.4) in Ghana. With adjustment for covariates, increasing quartiles of calcium and animal protein and decreasing quartiles of vegetable protein, fiber, and magnesium intake were associated with significantly higher FGF23 levels compared to the lowest quartile. After further adjustment for dietary factors, significant trends in FGF23 levels were noted only for quartiles of calcium, fiber, and magnesium intake (P < 0.001). Dietary factors other than phosphate are associated with FGF23 levels in young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kosk
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA. hkramer@luc.edu.|Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Public Health Sciences and Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA. hkramer@luc.edu.
authors.forename: Holly
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6374-837X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luke
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.|Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bovet
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
authors.forename: Jacob Plange
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Rhule
authors.affiliation: University of West Indies Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Metabolism and Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Myles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sempos
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Michal L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Lara R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Dugas
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Durazo-Arvizu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D044383:Black People; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; C000717427:FGF23 protein, human; D010710:Phosphates; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D000089703:Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
keywords: Calcium intake; FGF23; Fibroblast growth factor 23; Phosphate intake; Vitamin D