title: Dynamics of Chromium(VI) Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Electrocoagulation.
abstract: The potential for new U.S. regulations for Cr(VI) in drinking water have spurred strong interests in improving technologies for Cr(VI) removal. This study examined iron electrocoagulation for Cr(VI) removal at conditions directly relevant to drinking water treatment. Cr(VI) is chemically reduced to less soluble Cr(III) species by the Fe(II) produced from an iron anode, and XANES spectra indicate that the Cr is entirely Cr(III) in solid-phases produced in electrocoagulation. The dynamics of Cr(VI) removal in electrocoagulation at pH 6 and pH 8 at both oxic and anoxic conditions can be described by a new model that incorporates Fe(II) release from the anode and heterogeneous and homogeneous reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(II). Heterogeneous Cr(VI) reduction by adsorbed Fe(II) was critical to interpreting Cr(VI) removal at pH 6, and the Fe- and Cr-containing EC product was found to catalyze the redox reaction. Dissolved oxygen (DO) did not observably inhibit Cr(VI) removal because Fe(II) reacts with DO more slowly than it does with Cr(VI), and Cr(VI) removal was faster at higher pH. Even in the presence of common groundwater solutes, iron electrocoagulation lowered Cr(VI) concentrations to levels well below California's 10 μg/L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors.forename: Lyndsay D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Troyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors.forename: Jeffrey G
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9311-977X
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.affiliation: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, and ‡Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4634-5640
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Giammar
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium; D060766:Drinking Water; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; D007501:Iron