title: Effect of dihydrotestosterone on the expression of mucin 1 and the activity of Wnt signaling in mouse corneal epithelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of the androgen dihydrotestosterone on the expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) and the activity of Wnt signaling in mouse corneal epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary mouse corneal epithelial cells were isolated from the corneas of BALB/c mice. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were used to quantify the differential expression of selected genes. The androgen receptor was silenced by transfecting cells with androgen receptor shRNAs. TOP-Flash and FOP-flash reporter plasmids were used to measure β-catenin-driven transcription.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dihydrotestosterone treatment increased MUC1 expression and activated the Wnt signaling pathway and led to the translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of the Wnt downstream target gene TATA box binding protein and urokinase plasminogen activator. These effects were prevented by downregulating the androgen receptor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Androgens may protect against dry eye by regulating the expression of MUC1 which is stimulated by the activation of Wnt signalingviathe androgen receptor. An understanding of the mechanisms associated with androgen-mediated protection against dry eye is an important step in developing new therapies for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Qian-Yan
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
keywords: androgen receptor; dihydrotestosterone; dry eye; mucins; β-catenin