title: A New Film-Based Passive Sampler for Moderately Hydrophobic Organic Compounds.
abstract: Passive samplers for moderately hydrophobic organic compounds (MHOCs) (i.e., log Kowranging from 2 to 5) are under-developed compared to those that target polar or strongly hydrophobic compounds. The goal of this study was to identify a suitable polymer and develop a robust and sensitive film-based passive sampler for MHOCs in aquatic systems. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibited the highest affinity for fipronil and its three metabolites (i.e., fipronils) (log Kow2.4-4.8) as model MHOCs compared with polyethylene and nylon films. In addition, a 30-60 min treatment of PMMA in ethyl ether was found to increase its sorption capacity by a factor of 10. Fipronils and 108 additional compounds (log Kow2.4-8.5) reached equilibrium on solvent-treated PMMA within 120 h under mixing conditions and their uptake closely followed first-order kinetics. PMMA-water partition coefficients and Kowrevealed an inverse parabolic relationship, with vertex at log Kowof 4.21 ± 0.19, suggesting that PMMA was ideal for MHOCs. The PMMA sampler was tested in an urban surface stream, and in spiked sediment. The results demonstrated that PMMA film, after a simple solvent swelling treatment, may be used as an effective passive sampler for determining Cfreeof MHOCs in aquatic environments.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coast Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, 92626, California, United States.
authors.forename: Wenjian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lao
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coast Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, 92626, California, United States.|Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, 92521, California, United States.|Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen, 361021, China.
authors.forename: Youwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coast Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, 92626, California, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coast Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, 92626, California, United States.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Maruya
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California , Riverside, 92521, California, United States.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7137-4988
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical