title: Immunothrombosis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Cross Talks between Inflammation and Coagulation.
abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined as a syndrome of acute onset, with bilateral opacities on chest imaging and respiratory failure not caused by cardiac failure, leading to mild, moderate, or severe oxygenation impairment. The syndrome is most commonly a manifestation of sepsis-induced organ dysfunction, characterized by disruption of endothelial barrier integrity and diffuse lung damage. Imbalance between coagulation and inflammation is a predominant characteristic of ARDS, leading to extreme inflammatory response and diffuse fibrin deposition in vascular capillary bed and alveoli. Activated platelets, neutrophils, endothelial cells, neutrophil extracellular traps, microparticles, and coagulation proteases, participate in the complex process of immunothrombosis, which is a key event in ARDS pathophysiology. The present review is focused on the elucidation of immunothrombosis in ARDS and the potential therapeutic implications.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Frantzeska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frantzeskaki
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
authors.forename: Stylianos E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Orfanos
mesh_terms: D055252:Cell-Derived Microparticles / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000276:immunology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000276:immunology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000276:immunology; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000276:immunology; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases