title: Musculoskeletal Health of 40-65 Year Old Males and Females in Kosova and the Impact of N05B, A02B (PPI, H2RA), H02AB and Lifestyle Factors on It.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This observational, cross-sectional study investigates the impact of medication usage, physical activity (PA) and nutritional status on musculoskeletal health (MSH) in males and females aged 40-65 in the population of a post conflict, developing country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bone Mineral Density (BMD), T-score and Z-score at distal forearm regions (measured by DEXA scan), together with isometric hand grip strength (dynamometer) were evaluated in a total of 162 subjects (53 Males, average age 55.15±7.12 and 109 Females, 54.27±5.1). Additionally, bio-anthropometric assessments, medication usage, PA level and nutritional status were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences (p<0.05) were found in total subjects Body Mass Index (BMI), PA, BMD, T-score and Hand grip between genders. 42% of total participants met the diagnostic criteria of, out of which 6.8% with T-score below -2, while no cases of Osteoporosis was recorded. N05B Anxiolytics and A02B Drugs for peptic ulcer and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease medication groups consumption turned to have no significant differences (p>0.05) in BMD, T-score, and hand grip in total population, except for A02B where p<0.05 were found in Hand grip, as well as between female consumers and no consumers in all variables. Meanwhile, in total subjects consuming H02AB Glucocorticoids p<0.05 were observed in BMD and T-score, but not on hand grip.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows a low risk for MSH problems amongst the studied population in Kosova, while the consumption of H02AB medication group in both genders and A02B in females only for extended periods might effect MSH, therefore appropriate benefit/risk assessment should be made before prescribing these medications, notwithstanding age, gender, PA or nutritional status.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Tirana, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, Tirana, Albania; Medical Sciences College Rezonanca, Prishtinë, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Ermira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krasniqi
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Tirana, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, Tirana, Albania; University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Mynyr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koni
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Natural Sciences/Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tschan
authors.affiliation: Medical Sciences College Rezonanca, Prishtinë, Kosovo.
authors.forename: Blerim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krasniqi
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Tirana, Faculty of Medical Technical Sciences, Tirana, Albania.
authors.forename: Antigona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kabashi
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Faculty of Natural Sciences/Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Arben
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boshnjaku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D063826:Kosovo; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000187:drug effects; D009752:Nutritional Status
keywords: A02B; Bone; H02AB; Hand grip Strength; N05B; Side Effects