title: Ultrasound registration: A review.
abstract: This article is a review of registration algorithms for use between ultrasound images (monomodal image-based ultrasound registration). Ultrasound is safe, inexpensive, and real-time, providing many advantages for clinical and scientific use on both humans and animals, but ultrasound images are also notoriously noisy and subject to several unique artifacts/distortions. This paper introduces the topic and unique aspects of ultrasound-to-ultrasound image registration, providing a broad introduction and summary of the literature and the field. Both theoretical and practical aspects are introduced. The first half of the paper is theoretical, organized according to the basic components of a registration framework, namely preprocessing, image-similarity metrics, optimizers, etc. It further subdivides these methods between those suitable for elastic (non-rigid) vs. inelastic (matrix) transforms. The second half of the paper is organized by anatomy and is practical in nature, presenting and discussing the complete published systems that have been validated for registration in specific anatomic regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: cche@andrew.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Chengqian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: tmathai@andrew.cmu.edu.
authors.forename: Tejas Sudharshan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: jgaleotti@cmu.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galeotti
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D058958:Organs at Risk / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: 2D; 3D; Elastic; IMAGE analysis algorithms and methods; Image alignment; Inelastic; Matching; Matrix; Metrics; Non-rigid; Optimization; Registration; Rigid; Transforms; Ultrasound; Volume reconstruction; Warping