title: Effect of bisphosphonates on root resorption after tooth replantation - a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Replantation of avulsed teeth may lead to root resorption. Bisphosphonates (BPs), a class of drugs of used to treat resorptive diseases of the bone such as osteoporosis and Paget's disease, have been observed to exert an antiresorptive effect on periodontal bone as well. The antiresorptive properties of BPs could prove them useful in preventing root resorption of replanted avulsed teeth. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze and summarize the currently available literature concerning the use of BPs in preventing root resorption of avulsed teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase databases were searched using keywords 'bisphosphonate', 'replantation', and 'tooth'. Quality assessment of each study was carried out. In addition, general characteristics and outcomes of each study were summarized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After exclusion of 116 irrelevant articles, 10 animal studies were included in this review. The majority of the studies suggest that surface application of zoledronate or alendronate reduces root resorption of replanted teeth in animal models. Surface treatment with etidronate had no significant effect on root resorption, and intracanal etidronate accelerated resorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surface application of zoledronate and alendronate reduces root resorption of replanted teeth in animal models. However, the efficacy of intracanal usage of BPs is still debatable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Riyadh Consultative Clinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Shariq
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-6055
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Najeeb
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Fahad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Siddiqui
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zohaib
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Khurshid
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zohaib
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Madinah Al Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Muhammad Sohail
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shazia Akbar
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014090:Tooth Replantation
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates
keywords: bisphosphonates; root resorption; tooth avulsion; tooth replantation; trauma