title: Commentary on Pharmacometrics for Immunotherapy.
abstract: This commentary provides an overview of recent examples of pharmacometrics applied during the clinical development of two antagonists of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) cell surface receptor, pembrolizumab and nivolumab. Despite the remarkable achievements obtained in predicting the correct dosing schedule from different quantitative approaches, data indicated a great degree of heterogeneity in tumor response. To achieve therapeutic goals the search for predictive biomarkers associated with a lack of response and mechanism-based combination studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berraondo
authors.affiliation: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Trocóniz
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008545:Melanoma; D009369:Neoplasms; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D015415:Biomarkers; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor