title: Self-Reported Outcome Measures of the Impact of Injury and Illness on Athlete Performance: A Systematic Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-reported outcome measures of athlete health, wellbeing and performance add information to that obtained from clinical measures. However valid, universally accepted outcome measures are required.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine which athlete-reported outcome measures of performance have been used to measure the impact of injury and illness on performance in sport and assess evidence to support their validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and Cochrane library to January 2016. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied and papers included if an outcome measure of performance, assessed in relation to illness, injury or a related intervention, was reported by an elite, adult, able-bodied athlete. A checklist was used to assess eligible outcome measures for aspects of validity. Reporting of this study was guided by PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty athlete-reported outcome measures in 21 papers were identified. Of these 20, only four cited validation. Of these four, three reported evidence to support validity in elite athlete groups as defined by the predetermined checklist. Fifteen patient-reported outcome measures were identified, of which four demonstrated validity in young athletic populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most athlete-reported outcome measures of performance have been designed for individual studies with no reported assessment of validity. Despite some limitations, the Oslo Sports Trauma Centre overuse injury questionnaire demonstrates validity and potential utility to investigate the self-reported impact of pre-defined conditions on athletic performance across different sports.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Health and Performance, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Health and Performance, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK. i.needleman@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.affiliation: Centre for Oral Health and Performance, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.affiliation: , London, UK.
authors.forename: Ruben Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: UCL Library Services, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lumsden
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes / Q000523:psychology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000523:psychology; D054874:Athletic Performance; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D057566:Self Report; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices