title: The role of dietary carbohydrates in organismal aging.
abstract: Carbohydrates are essential nutrients that are used as a primary source of energy. Carbohydrate utilization should be properly controlled, as abnormal regulation of carbohydrate metabolism is associated with diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and stroke. These metabolic syndromes have become a serious problem in developed countries, and there is an increased need for research examining the influence of carbohydrates on animal physiology. Diets enriched in glucose, a major carbohydrate, are also associated with accelerated aging in several model organisms, including yeast and Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Genetic factors that mediate the effects of high glucose diets on aging have been identified during the last decade, mostly through the use of C. elegans. In this review, we describe studies that determine the effects of carbohydrate-enriched diets on aging by focusing on the mechanisms through which evolutionarily conserved pathways mediate the lifespan-altering effects of glucose in C. elegans. These include the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1, sterol-regulatory element-binding protein, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. We also discuss the effects of various carbohydrates and carbohydrate-derived metabolites on aging in model organisms and cultured mammalian cells. Finally, we discuss how dietary carbohydrates influence health and aging in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dongyeop
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Heehwa G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. seungjaelee@postech.ac.kr.|School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Gyeongbuk, South Korea. seungjaelee@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Seung-Jae V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000070601:Diet, Carbohydrate Loading / Q000009:adverse effects; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D007328:Insulin; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C108831:daf-16 protein, C elegans; C474710:heat shock factor-1, C elegans; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; FOXO; Longevity; MDT-15; Reactive oxygen species; Sugar