title: A taxonomy of chemicals of emerging concern based on observed fate at water resource recovery facilities.
abstract: As reuse of municipal water resource recovery facility (WRRF) effluent becomes vital to augment diminishing fresh drinking water resources, concern exists that conventional barriers may prove deficient, and the upcycling of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) could prove harmful to human health and aquatic species if more effective and robust treatment barriers are not in place. A multiple month survey, of both primary and secondary effluents, from three (3) WRRFs, for 95 CECs was conducted in 2014 to classify CECs by their persistence through conventional water reclamation processes. By sampling the participating WRRF process trains at their peak performance (as determined by measured bulk organics and particulates removal), a short-list of recalcitrant CECs that warrant monitoring to assess treatment performance at advanced water reclamation and production facilities. The list of identified CECs for potable water reclamation (indirect or direct potable reuse) include a herbicide and its degradants, prescription pharmaceuticals and antibiotics, a female hormone, an artificial sweetener, and chlorinated flame retardants.
authors.affiliation: Garver, 2049 E. Joyce Blvd., Suite 400, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA. Electronic address: SMJones@GarverUSA.com.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Garver, 1300 E. Morelos St., Chandler, AZ 85225, USA. Electronic address: ZKChowdhury@GarverUSA.com.
authors.forename: Zaid K
authors.initials: ZK
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Garver, 3010 Gaylord Pkwy., Suite 190, Frisco, TX 75034, USA. Electronic address: MJWatts@GarverUSA.com.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D060766:Drinking Water; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis; D006728:Hormones / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D009825:Oklahoma; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000032:analysis; D013781:Texas; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D062066:Water Resources
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D060766:Drinking Water; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006540:Herbicides; D006728:Hormones; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012722:Sewage; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Activated sludge; Chemicals of emerging concern; Direct potable reuse; Trickling filters; Wastewater; Water resource recovery facility