title: Catastrophic Bronchial Spasm Due to a Severe Anaphylactic Reaction to Protamine.
abstract: Fatal anaphylactic reactions to protamine sulfate during cardiac surgery are very rare. We report a case of catastrophic bronchial spasm due to an anaphylactic reaction to protamine. The patient was managed successfully using a bronchodilator, steroid treatment, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jae-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Jae Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Kyung Sub
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Song
keywords: Bronchial spasm; Extracorporeal menbrane oxygenation; Protamines