title: Plasmodium chabaudiinfection induces AID expression in transitional and marginal zone B cells.
abstract: Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL) is associated with Epstein-Barr virus and repeated malaria infections. A defining feature of eBL is the translocation of the c-myc oncogene to the control of the immunoglobulin promoter. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) has been shown to be critical for this translocation. Malaria infection induces AID in germinal center B cells, but whether malaria infection more broadly affects AID activation in extrafollicular B cells is unknown.
  
  
  
  We either stimulated purified B cells from AID-green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter mice or infected AID-GFP mice withPlasmodium chabaudi, AID fluorescence was monitored in B cell subsets by flow cytometry.
  
  
  
  In vitro analysis of B cells from these mice revealed that CpG (a Toll-like receptor 9 ligand) was a potent inducer of AID in both mature and immature B cell subsets. Infection of AID-GFP mice withPlasmodium chabaudidemonstrated that AID expression occurs in transitional and marginal zone B cells during acute malaria infection. Transitional B cells were also capable of differentiating into antibody secreting cells when stimulated in vitro with CpG when isolated from aP. chabaudi-infected mouse.
  
  
  
  These data suggest thatP. chabaudiis capable of inducing AID expression in B cell subsets that do not participate in the germinal center reaction, suggesting an alternative role for malaria in the etiology of eBL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA.
authors.forename: Joel R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wilmore
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse New York USA.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maue
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and ImmunologySUNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA; Department of Immunology and MicrobiologyUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rochford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016175:B-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000378:metabolism*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018858:Germinal Center; D008288:Malaria; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
chemical_list: D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase
keywords: B cells; Plasmodium; activation‐induced deaminase (AID)