title: Immune activation in amniotic fluid from Zika virus-associated microcephaly.
abstract: Recent advances in the understanding of neuropathogenesis associated with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has led to descriptions of neonatal microcephaly cases. However, none of these reports have evaluated the humoral response during ZIKV infection. We report here polyfunctional immune activation associated with increased interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractive protein 1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels in the amniotic fluid of ZIKV-positive pregnant women with neonatal microcephaly. These cytokines have been associated not only with neuronal damage, but also with differentiation and proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Our results suggested that the immune activation caused by ZIKV infection in the uterine environment could also interfere with fetal development. ANN NEUROL 2017;81:152-156.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alice M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ornelas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paola P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thales A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Fundação Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa em Diagnóstico por Imagem (FIDI), Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Szejnfeld
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jeime I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melania M R
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, POWH & UNSW Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Virology Research, POWH & UNSW Research Laboratories, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rawlinson
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cynthia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amilcar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanuri
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Aguiar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10 / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor