title: Relationships Among Adherence and Physical and Mental Health Among Women Living with HIV in Rural India.
abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional examination of the physical and psychological factors related to ART adherence among a sample of 400 women living with HIV/AIDS in rural India. Interviewer-administered measures assessed adherence, internalized stigma, depressive symptoms, quality of life, food insecurity, health history and sociodemographic information. CD4 counts were measured using blood collected at screening. Findings revealed that adherence to ART was generally low, with 94% of women taking 50% or less of prescribed medication in past month. Multivariate analyses showed a non-linear association between numbers of self-reported opportunistic infections (OIs) in past 6 months (p = 0.016) and adherence, with adherence decreasing with each additional OI for 0-5 OIs. For those reporting more than 5 OIs, the association reversed direction, with increasing OIs beyond 5 associated with greater adherence.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1702, USA. anyamath@sonnet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyamathi
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekstrand
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heylen
authors.affiliation: People's Health Society, Nellore, India.
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramakrishna
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1702, USA.
authors.forename: Kartik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Cal State University, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of California, Room 2-250, Factor Building, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1702, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Carpenter
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Lenore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arab
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005523:Food Supply; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012424:Rural Population; D057545:Social Stigma
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: AIDS; India; Opportunistic infections; Women