title: Randomized placebo-controlled study of lovastatin in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of lovastatin on visuospatial learning and attention for treating cognitive and behavioral deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter, international, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted between July 2009 and May 2014 as part of the NF Clinical Trials Consortium. Children with NF1 aged 8-15 years were screened for visuospatial learning or attention deficits (n = 272); 146 children demonstrated deficits at baseline and were randomly assigned to lovastatin (n = 74; 40 mg/d) or placebo (n = 70). Treatment was administered once daily for 16 weeks. Primary outcomes were total errors on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Paired Associate Learning task (visuospatial learning) and the Score subtest from the Test of Everyday Attention for Children (sustained attention). Secondary outcomes measured executive function, attention, visuospatial skills, behavior, and quality of life. Primary analyses were performed on the intention-to-treat population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lovastatin had no significant effect on primary outcomes after 16 weeks of treatment: visuospatial learning (Cohen d = -0.15, 95% confidence interval -0.47 to 0.18) or sustained attention (Cohen d = 0.19, 95% confidence interval -0.14 to 0.53). Lovastatin was well tolerated, with no increase in reported adverse events compared to placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lovastatin administered once daily for 16 weeks did not improve visuospatial learning or attention in children with NF1 and is not recommended for amelioration of cognitive deficits in this population.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00853580) and Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12607000560493).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study provides Class I evidence that for children with NF1, lovastatin does not improve visuospatial learning or attention deficits.
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ullrich
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Stephen J C
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hearps
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Tena
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosser
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Karin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Gerard A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gioia
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Pamela L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wolters
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tonsgard
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schorry
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Viskochil
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klesse
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Alcino J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Celiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rey-Casserly
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Anna W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Byars
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Stavinoha
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ackerson
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Sharon H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: O'Neil
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korf
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.affiliation: From the Murdoch Children's Research Institute (J.M.P., S.J.C.H., K.N.N.), Royal Children's Hospital; Department of Paediatrics (J.M.P., K.N.N.), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne; Children's Hospital Education Research Institute (B.B.), Children's Hospital at Westmead; Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health (B.B.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (N.J.U., C.R.-C.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Preventative Medicine (A.C.), School of Public Health (G.C.), Department of Psychology (J.D.A.), and Department of Genetics (B.K.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (T.R., S.H.O.), Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, CA; Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine (K.S.W., G.A.G., R.J.P., M.T.A.), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC; Pediatric Oncology Branch Center for Cancer Research (P.L.W.), National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Division of Neurology (J.T., S.J.H.), University of Chicago Medicine Comer Children's Hospital, IL; Human Genetics (E.S.) and Division of Neurology (A.W.B.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH; Department of Genetics (D.V.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Pediatrics (L.K.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Division of Oncology (M.F., C.L.A.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA; Department of Neurology (D.H.G., J.I.), Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO; Gonda Neuroscience and Genetics Center (A.J.S.), University of California Los Angeles; Primary Children's Hospital (N.L.C.), Salt Lake City, UT; and University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (P.L.S.), Houston. kathryn.north@mcri.edu.au.
authors.forename: Kathryn N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: North
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D056344:Executive Function / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D008148:Lovastatin