title: Relationship Between ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Cold Pain Sensitivity Among Healthy Opioid-naive Malay Males.
abstract: Endogenous and exogenous opioids are substrates of the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, which is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene. Genetic polymorphisms of ABCB1 may contribute to interindividual differences in pain modulation and analgesic responses. We investigated the relationship between ABCB1 polymorphisms and cold pain sensitivity among healthy males.
  
  
  
  Cold pain responses, including pain threshold and pain tolerance, were measured using the cold-pressor test (CPT). DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotyped for ABCB1 polymorphisms, including c.1236C>T (rs1128503), c.2677G>T/A (rs2032582), and c.3435C>T (rs1045642), using the allelic discrimination real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  
  A total of 152 participants were recruited in this observational study. Frequencies of mutated allele for c.1236C>T, c.2677G>T/A, and c.3435C>T polymorphisms were 56.6%, 49.7%, and 43.4%, respectively. Our results revealed an association of the CGC/CGC diplotype (c.1236C>T, c.2677G>T/A, and c.3435C>T) with cold pain sensitivity. Participants with the CGC/CGC diplotype had 90% and 72% higher cold pain thresholds (87.62 seconds vs. 46.19 seconds, P = 0.010) and cold pain tolerances (97.24 seconds vs. 56.54 seconds, P = 0.021), respectively, when compared with those without the diplotype.
  
  
  
  The CGC/CGC diplotype of ABCB1 polymorphisms was associated with variability in cold pain threshold and pain tolerance in healthy males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zalina
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zahari
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Chee Siong
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Hawler, Iraq.
authors.forename: Muslih Abdulkarim
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurfadhlina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Azhar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mohd Yasin
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Yeong Yeh
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Soo Choon
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohamad
authors.affiliation: Pharmacogenetics and Novel Therapeutics Cluster, Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.|Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Rusli
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C513055:ABCB1 protein, human; D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: 
  ABCB1
  ; cold-pressor test; male; pain threshold; pain tolerance; permeability glycoprotein