title: Mixed-Mode Operation of Hybrid Phase-Change Nanophotonic Circuits.
abstract: Phase change materials (PCMs) are highly attractive for nonvolatile electrical and all-optical memory applications because of unique features such as ultrafast and reversible phase transitions, long-term endurance, and high scalability to nanoscale dimensions. Understanding their transient characteristics upon phase transition in both the electrical and the optical domains is essential for using PCMs in future multifunctional optoelectronic circuits. Here, we use a PCM nanowire embedded into a nanophotonic circuit to study switching dynamics in mixed-mode operation. Evanescent coupling between light traveling along waveguides and a phase-change nanowire enables reversible phase transition between amorphous and crystalline states. We perform time-resolved measurements of the transient change in both the optical transmission and resistance of the nanowire and show reversible switching operations in both the optical and the electrical domains. Our results pave the way toward on-chip multifunctional optoelectronic integrated devices, waveguide integrated memories, and hybrid processing applications.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Materials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Zhejiang, 315211, China.
authors.forename: Yegang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Muenster , Muenster 48149, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stegmaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Pavan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nukala
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.|Università degli Studi di Palermo , 90133 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Giambra
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Muenster , Muenster 48149, Germany.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Palermo , 90133 Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busacca
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Muenster , Muenster 48149, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram H P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4569-4213
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Pernice
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.
authors.forename: Ritesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
keywords: All-optical switching; GeTe nanowires; nanophotonic circuits; phase change