title: Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Naples, 2008-2013.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a serious threat in industrialized countries, but information from Southern Italy is lacking. Here, we present the results of a retrospective study of TB cases diagnosed in 2008-2013 in Naples, the largest city in Southern Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred ninety Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were isolated at the Ospedali dei Colli of Naples, and resistance to first-line and second-line drugs was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB increased from 2008 to 2013, with 77.4% of strains isolated from migrants from 41 countries. Overall, 4.5% of strains were MDR: Italian-born persons, 2.2%; Romania, 7.5%; Former Soviet Union countries (Ukraine, Russia, Armenia, Georgia), 22.4%; all other foreign countries, 2.0%. Resistance of MDR strains to second-line drugs was high against kanamycin, ofloxacin, capreomycin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDR-TB in Naples increased in 2008-13 and was observed predominantly in migrants, indicating the need to intensify diagnosis and treatment of these populations in this town.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Giudice
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mustazzolu
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iacobino
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smeraglia
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lanfranco
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fattorini
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents