title: Attoliter Chemistry for Nanoscale Functionalization of Graphene.
abstract: The nanoscale, multiplexed functionalization of graphene in a device array is a critical step to realize graphene-based chemical and biosensors. We demonstrate that graphene can be functionalized with submicron resolution and in well-defined locations and patterns using reaction agents in attoliter quantities, utilizing dip-pen nanolithography or microchannel cantilever spotting. Specifically, we functionalize graphene with a biotin azide using click-chemistry and demonstrate the subsequent binding of fluorescently tagged streptavidin. The technique can be scaled up to multiplex functionalize graphene devices on a wafer-scale for sensor and biomedical applications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirtz
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varey
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.|Physical Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), University of Münster , 48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: School of Materials and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aravind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vijayaraghavan
keywords: CuAAC; click-chemistry; dip-pen nanolithography (DPN); graphene; microchannel cantilever spotting (μCS)