title: Tracking food intake as bites: Effects on cognitive resources, eating enjoyment, and self-control.
abstract: While monitoring food intake is critical for controlling eating, traditional tools designed for this purpose can be impractical when one desires real-time feedback. Further, the act of monitoring can deplete valuable cognitive resources. In response to these concerns, technologies have been developed to aid those wanting to control their food intake. Of note, devices can now track eating in number of bites taken as opposed to more traditional units such as pieces or volume. Through two studies, the current research investigates the effects of tracking food portions at the bite level on cognitive resources, enjoyment of the eating experience, and objective and subjective self-control. Results indicate that using wearable technology to track bite portions, as compared to doing so mentally, (1) reduces cognitive resource depletion, (2) is equally as effective for allowing users to successfully achieve eating goals, and (3) does not reduce enjoyment of the eating experience. These results support the viability of tracking food intake at the bite level, which holds a number of potential implications for eating and weight management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marketing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. Electronic address: pweath2@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weathers
authors.affiliation: Department of Marketing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA. Electronic address: jsiemen@clemson.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer Christie
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Siemens
authors.affiliation: Department of Marketing, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address: skopp@walton.uark.edu.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kopp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000523:psychology; D057181:Pleasure; D064787:Portion Size / Q000523:psychology*; D000068356:Self-Control; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive resources; Food portions; Monitoring; Self-control; Wearable technology; Weight-loss