title: Japanese antimicrobial consumption surveillance: First report on oral and parenteral antimicrobial consumption in Japan (2009-2013).
abstract: No reliable national antimicrobial consumption data have been available in Japan. The Japanese antimicrobial consumption surveillance (JACS) project started to collect data nationwide on antimicrobial consumption. This paper provides the first sales data from the JACS project on oral and parenteral antimicrobial consumption in Japan as well as the trends for the years from 2009 to 2013. The population-weighted total consumption was expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). The value of DID increased from 14.7 in 2009 to 15.8 in 2013. Notably, oral antimicrobials accounted for 92.6% (mean of 2009, 2011 and 2013) of total consumption. Oral third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides and fluoroquinolones accounted for 77.1% (mean of 2009, 2011 and 2013) of oral consumption. Consumption of antimicrobials has increased during the years 2009 and 2013 regardless of the dosage form. This is the first report regarding the population-weighted consumption of oral and parenteral antimicrobials in Japan during the years 2009 and 2013. These results provide useful information for combating the menace of antimicrobial resistance in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Muraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Patient Safety and Infection Control, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition Support & Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamayo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Bacterial Infection, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.affiliation: Center for Nutrition Support & Infection Control, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan. Electronic address: okudam@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuda
keywords: Antimicrobial consumption; Antimicrobial resistance; Japanese antimicrobial consumption surveillance