title: Removal and Biodegradation of Nonylphenol by Four Freshwater Microalgae.
abstract: The removal and biodegradation of nonylphenol (NP) by four freshwater microalgae, including three green algae (Scendesmus quadriauda,Chlorella vulgaris, andAnkistrodesmus acicularis) and one cyanobacterium (Chroococcus minutus) were studied in bacteria-free cultures exposed to different concentrations of NP for 5 days. All four algal species showed a rapid and high ability to remove NP (including bioaccumulation and biodegradation). Among these species,A. acicularis(Ankistrodesmus acicularis) had the highest NP removal rate (83.77%) at 120 h when exposed to different NP treatments (0.5-2.5 mg·L-1), followed byC. vulgaris(Chlorella vulgaris) (80.80%),S. quadriauda (Scendesmus quadriauda)(70.96%) andC. minutus(Chroococcus minutus) (64.26%).C. vulgarishad the highest NP biodegradation percentage (68.80%) at 120 h, followed byA. acicularis(65.63%),S. quadriauda(63.10%); andC. minutus(34.91%). The extracellular NP contents were lower than the intracellular NP contents in all tested algae. The ratio of the extracellular NP content and the intracellular NP content ranged from 0.04 to 0.85. Therefore, the removal of NP from the medium was mainly due to the algal degradation. These results indicate thatA. acicularisandC. vulgarisare more tolerant to NP and could be used for treatment of NP contaminated aqueous systems effectively by bioremoval and biodegradation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. hening2010@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China. hening2010@163.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. imytian@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China. imytian@163.com.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. zhongyu@pku.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China. zhongyu@pku.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Offshore Marine Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MEP, Guangzhou 510655, China. jnuskf@163.com.
authors.forename: Kaifeng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. liuweijie_84@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China. liuweijie_84@163.com.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. tssduan@jnu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms, Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510632, China. tssduan@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shunshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D058086:Microalgae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; C025256:nonylphenol
keywords: biodegradation; microalgae; nonylphenol; removal; removal mechanism