title: Differentiating Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP cells in suspensions and biofilms using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
abstract: High quality spectra of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP in the planktonic and biofilm state were obtained using Raman microspectroscopy. These spectra enabled the identification of key differences between free and biofilm cells in the fingerprint region of Raman spectra in the nucleic acid, carbohydrate, and protein regions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enabled detailed visualization of ADP biofilm with confirmation of associated extracellular matrix structure. Following extraction and Raman analysis of extracellular polymeric substances, Raman spectral differences between free and biofilm cells were largely attributed to the contribution of extracellular matrix components produced in mature biofilms. Raman spectroscopy complemented with SEM proves to be useful in distinguishing physiological properties among cells of the same species. Graphical Abstract Raman spectroscopy complemented with SEM proves to be useful in distinguishing physiological properties among cells of the same species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Julie L P
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jessop
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. tonya-peeples@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Tonya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Peeples
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biofilm; Extracellular polymeric substances; Planktonic cells; Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP; Raman spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy