title: Detection of lead nanoparticles in game meat by single particle ICP-MS following use of lead-containing bullets.
abstract: This study investigated whether game meat may contain nanoparticles of lead from ammunition. Lead nanoparticles in the range 40 to 750 nm were detected by ICP-MS in single particle mode in game shot with lead-containing bullets. The median diameter of the detected nanoparticles was around 60 nm. The particle mass concentration ranged from 290 to 340 ng/g meat and the particle number concentrations from 27 to 50 million particles/g meat. The size limit of detection strongly depended on the level of dissolved lead and was in the range of 40 to 80 nm. In game meat sampled more than 10 cm away from the wound channel, no lead particles with a diameter larger than 40 nm were detected. In addition to dissolved lead in meat that originated from particulates, the presence of lead nano particles in game meat represents a hitherto unattended source of lead with a largely unknown toxicological impact to humans. Graphical Abstract Detection of lead nanoparticles in game meat by single particle ICP-MS following use of leadcontaining bullets.
authors.affiliation: National Food Agency, P.O. Box 622, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Barbro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kollander
authors.affiliation: Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agriculture Science, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden.|Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management, Öster Malma, 611 91, Nyköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Widemo
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ågren
authors.affiliation: Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Division for Food Technology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, 2860, Søborg, Denmark. kals@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-8406
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Loeschner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007854:Lead
keywords: Enzymatic digestion; Game; Lead ammunition; Lead nanoparticles; Single particle ICP-MS