title: Phytoglycogen improves the water solubility and Caco-2 monolayer permeation of quercetin.
abstract: The study examined the capability of phytoglycogen (PG) to improve the water solubility of quercetin (QC). PG-QC formulations were prepared by mixing a QC ethanol solution with a PG aqueous solution followed with vacuum drying of the supernatant. PG-QC formulations with various PG to QC ratios were prepared; the solubility of QC reached 241.76μg/mL at PG/QC ratio of 30/1 compared with approximately 4.32μg/mL of QC alone. The X-ray powder diffraction and FTIR analyses showed a significant reduction of QC crystallinity upon formulating with PG that was associated with the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of QC and PG. The Caco-2 cell monolayer permeation tests showed that PG-QC formulations resulted in substantially enhanced cellular uptake and transepithelial permeation of QC, which was related to the much-enhanced QC solubility. This study showed the potential of using PG to formulate poorly water-soluble ingredients such as QC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States. Electronic address: yao1@purdue.edu.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006003:Glycogen / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D010539:Permeability; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D006003:Glycogen; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Caco-2 permeation; Phytoglycogen; Quercetin; Water solubility