title: Implementation of clinical references for undergraduates in anatomy.
abstract: This study evaluates the implementation of clinical references in undergraduate medical education. For this purpose, images of typical diagnostic, intraoperative and clinical findings were integrated into two different teaching formats and adapted to the learning objectives of the Institute of Anatomy in Leipzig. Paper based questionnaires were used to evaluate the status quo (without clinical images) and the optimal time of implementation, as well as the benefit for the students of human medicine. Three test groups were drawn from two preclinical semesters (2014 and 2015). The first group in 2014 represents the control group, which did not have any image-supported clinical references but only defined learning objectives regarding the five exams in special anatomy. Primary implementation took place in the dissection course (second semester) as automatically running Power Point presentations while secondary implementation was during one of the five clinical seminars within the fourth semester. All groups were asked to evaluate the pros and cons through a self-developed paper-based questionnaire. The analysis was performed employing Microsoft Excel and SPSS. It has been demonstrated that most of the students welcome and appreciate the implementation of appropriate images as a valuable support in understanding clinical references. On the contrary, the dissection course did not seem to be the right time for this implementation. In keeping with previous studies, the important role of anatomy in medical education was outlined. A close collaboration between preclinical and clinical physicians concerning educational matters was presented. Considering these approaches, high-quality and sustainable education can be provided. Better patient care and education of young academics should be the motivation.
authors.affiliation: Sana Hospitals "Leipziger Land", Department of Surgery, 04552 Borna, Rudolph-Virchow-Str. 2, Germany. Electronic address: andrekranz@icloud.com.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bechmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feja
authors.affiliation: Sana Hospitals "Leipziger Land", Department of Surgery, 04552 Borna, Rudolph-Virchow-Str. 2, Germany.
authors.forename: Kay-Rüdiger
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kohlhaw
authors.affiliation: Sana Hospitals "Leipziger Land", Department of Surgery, 04552 Borna, Rudolph-Virchow-Str. 2, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bürkigt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lippross
authors.affiliation: Sana Hospitals "Leipziger Land", Department of Surgery, 04552 Borna, Rudolph-Virchow-Str. 2, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dietze
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, Germany. Electronic address: Sabine.Loeffler@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Löffler
mesh_terms: D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D002102:Cadaver; D003479:Curriculum; D004210:Dissection / Q000193:education; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D013337:Students, Medical; D013663:Teaching; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anatomy; Clinical references; Competence-based learning; Teaching formats; Undergraduate education