title: Controlling the selective and directional migration of hepatocytes by a complementary density gradient of glycosylated hyperbranched polymers and poly(ethylene glycol) molecules.
abstract: Repair and regeneration of defected tissues and organs depends strongly on the directional migration of targeted cells, for example, the enhancement of directional migration of hepatocytes could be helpful in liver regeneration and transplantation. Herein a complementary gradient of galactose-modified hyperbranched polymers (LA-HPMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules was designed and prepared on a same substrate. Characterizations of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-d) demonstrated the unidirectional change in grafting density of LA-HPMA and PEG molecules, respectively. On the LA-HPMA/PEG complementary gradient surface, the human hepatoma (HepG2) cells showed preferential orientation and enhanced directional migration toward the region of lower PEG density and higher LA-HPMA density. By contrast, the mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3) showed random migration irrelevant to the gradient. The success of the complementary gradient relies on the specific interaction between galactose and asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) expressed on HepG2 cells. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. Electronic address: cygao@mail.hz.zj.cn.
authors.forename: Changyou
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002465:Cell Movement; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Carbohydrate-protein interaction; Complementary gradient; Directional cell migration; Hepatocytes; Selective cell adhesion