title: Facile Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Activity of Europium-Doped Nanohydroxyapatite.
abstract: The objective of this study was to synthetize europium-doped nanohydroxyapatite using a simple aqueous precipitation method and, thereafter, characterize and impregnate selected samples with 5-fluorouracil in order to explore the properties and the releasing capacity of this material. The nanohydroxyapatite was doped with 3, 5, 10, and 20 wt% of europium. The obtained samples were characterized after they were dried at 80°C and hydrothermal treated at 120°C by 2 hours. The samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Also, impregnation and release of 5-fluorouracil were assessed in PBS. The toxicity effects of all samples were studied using viability assays on human fibroblasts cells (HGF-1)in vitro. The sizes of the crystallites were about 10-70 nm with irregular morphology and present the phase corresponding to the JCPDS card 9-0432 for hydroxyapatite. The results of the toxicity experiments indicated that doped and undoped powders are biocompatible with fibroblasts cells. Hydroxyapatite samples doped with 5% of europium and loaded with 5-fluorouracil release almost 7 mg/L of the drug after 60 minutes in PBS and decrease the viability of HeLa cells after 24 hours.
authors.affiliation: Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Paulina-Guadalupe
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1582-5166
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Miranda-Meléndez
authors.affiliation: Doctorado Institucional en Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriel-Alejandro
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4982-5225
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Martínez-Castañón
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Lateral Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nereyda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niño-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patiño-Marín
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Miguel-Ángel
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0288-9117
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Casillas-Santana
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Brenda-Erendida
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0142-895X
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Castillo-Silva
authors.affiliation: Doctorado en Ciencias Odontológicas, Facultad de Estomatología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Lateral Av. Salvador Nava s/n, Zona Universitaria, 78290 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Facundo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6589-5958
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz