title: Effect of Previous Irradiation on Vascular Thrombosis of Microsurgical Anastomosis: A Preclinical Study in Rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the present investigation was to compare the effect of neoadjuvant irradiation on the microvascular anastomosis in cervical bundle using an experimental model in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 4 groups: group I, control, arterial microanastomosis; group II, control, venous microanastomosis; group III, arterial microanastomosis with previous irradiation (20 Gy); and group IV, venous microanastomosis with previous irradiation (20 Gy). Clinical parameters, technical values of anastomosis, patency, and histopathological parameters were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Irradiated groups (III and IV) and vein anastomosis groups (II and IV) showed significantly increased technical difficulties. Group IV showed significantly reduced patency rates (7/35) when compared with the control group (0/35). Radiotherapy significantly decreased the patency rates of the vein (7/35) when compared with the artery (1/35). Groups III and IV showed significantly reduced number of endothelial cells and also showed the presence of intimal thickening and adventitial fibrosis as compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neoadjuvant radiotherapy reduces the viability of the venous anastomosis in a preclinical rat model with a significant increase in the incidence of vein thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barrera-Ochoa
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Calero
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cleofe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romagosa
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ramona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vergés
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Canyadell
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soldado
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Hand and Microsurgery Unit, ICATME, Hospital Universitari Quiron-Dexeus-Grupo Quirónsalud, Barcelona, Spain; Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain; Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Radiotherapy Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; and Pediatric Upper Extremity Surgery and Microsurgery Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velez