title: Semimembranosus muscle herniation: a rare case with emphasis on muscle biomechanics.
abstract: Muscle herniations are rare and most reported cases involve muscles of the lower leg. We use a case of muscle herniation involving the semimembranosus muscle, presenting as a painful mass in an adolescent male after an unspecified American football injury, to highlight a simple concept of muscle biomechanics as it pertains to muscle hernia(s): decreased traction upon muscle fibers can increase conspicuity of muscle herniation(s)-this allows a better understanding of the apt provocative maneuvers to employ, during dynamic ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging, in order to maximize diagnostic yield and, thereby, limit patient morbidity related to any muscle herniation. Our patient subsequently underwent successful decompressive fasciotomy and has since returned to his normal daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naffaa
authors.affiliation: Saint Rita Medical Center, 730 W Market Street, Lima, OH, 45801, USA.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moukaddam
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital for Joint Disease, New York University, 301st 17th Street, Rm 600, New York, NY, 10003, USA. mmsamim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samim
authors.affiliation: San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0647, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemieux
authors.affiliation: Teleradiology & Education Center, University of California, San Diego, 8899 University Center Lane, Suite 370, San Diego, CA, 92122, USA.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smitaman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005538:Football / Q000293:injuries*; D006547:Hernia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013848:Thigh / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Attachment and contraction center(s); Herniation; Magnetic resonance imaging; Muscle; Semimembranosus muscle; Ultrasound