title: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Physical Activity on Neurocognitive Functioning Among HIV-Infected Adults.
abstract: Higher levels of physical activity (PA) have been linked to better neurocognitive functioning in many populations. The current study examines the longitudinal association between PA and neurocognitive functioning among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons. Community-dwelling adults (N = 291) self-reported level of PA and completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery at two to four study visits (Mean follow-up time = 2.6 years). Participants were divided into three PA groups: "No PA" (no PA at any visit), "consistent PA" (PA at ≥50% of visits), and "inconsistent PA" (PA < 50% of visits). A mixed effect model, adjusting for significant covariates showed that all PA groups had statistically significant, yet modest, neurocognitive decline over time; and, the consistent PA group began with, and maintained, significantly better neurocognitive function compared to the other two PA groups. This effect was evident among both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected persons, despite the fact that HIV-infected persons showed lower baseline neurocognitive function. PA is a modifiable lifestyle behavior that may help to protect against neurocognitive impairment regardless of HIV status, however, given the proportion of HIV-infected individuals who evidence neurocognitive difficulties, a focus on increasing PA seems warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marquine
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Pariya L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fazeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Anya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Umlauf
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Brook L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Zvinka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zlatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.|SDSU/UCSD joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.|Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, University of California, 220 Dickinson St, Ste B, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA. djmoore@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life
keywords: Cognition; Exercise; HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HIV/AIDS; Neurocognitive impairment; Physical activity