title: Addition of calcium compounds to reduce soluble oxalate in a high oxalate food system.
abstract: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is often used as a base vegetable to make green juices that are promoted as healthy dietary alternatives. Spinach is known to contain significant amounts of oxalates, which are toxic and, if consumed regularly, can lead to the development of kidney stones. This research investigates adding 50-500mg increments of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate and calcium sulphate to 100g of raw homogenates of spinach to determine whether calcium would combine with the soluble oxalate present in the spinach. Calcium chloride was the most effective additive while calcium carbonate was the least effective. The formation of insoluble oxalate after incubation at 25°C for 30min is a simple practical step that can be incorporated into the juicing process. This would make the juice considerably safer to consume on a regular basis.
authors.affiliation: Food Group, Department of Food, Wine and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Wen-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Bong
authors.affiliation: Food Group, Department of Food, Wine and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Leo P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Vanhanen
authors.affiliation: Food Group, Department of Food, Wine and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand. Electronic address: Savage@lincoln.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Geoffrey P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Savage
mesh_terms: D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D010070:Oxalates / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010070:Oxalates
keywords: Calcium salts; Soluble oxalate; Spinach; pH