title: Territorial origin of olive oil: representing georeferenced maps of olive oils by NMR profiling.
abstract: Proton NMR profiling is nowadays a consolidated technique for the identification of geographical origin of food samples. The common approach consists in correlating NMR spectra of food samples to their territorial origin by multivariate classification statistical algorithms. In the present work, we illustrate an alternative perspective to exploit territorial information, contained in the NMR spectra, which is based on the implementation of a geographic information system (GIS). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra are used to build a GIS map permitting the identification of territorial regions having strong similarities in the chemical content of the produced food (terroir units). These terroir units can, in turn, be used as input for labeling samples to be analyzed by traditional classification methods. In this work, we describe the methods and the algorithms that permit to produce GIS maps from NMR profiles and apply the described method to the analysis of the geographical distribution of olive oils in an Italian region. In particular, we analyzed by1H NMR up to 98 georeferenced olive oil samples produced in the Abruzzo Italian region. By using the first principal component of the NMR variables selected according to the Moran test, we produced a GIS map, in which we identified two regions incidentally corresponding to the provinces of Teramo and Pescara. We then labeled the samples according to the province of provenience and built an LDA model that provides a classification ability up to 99% . A comparison between the variables selected in the geostatistics and classification steps is finally performed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: ENEA Research Center of Trisaia, SS 106 Jonica Km 419.5, Rotondella, 75026, (MT), Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4589-7926
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamanna
authors.affiliation: CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imparato
authors.affiliation: CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tano
authors.affiliation: CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braca
authors.affiliation: CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Ercole
authors.affiliation: CO.T.IR., SS 16 Nord 240, Vasto, 66054, (CH), Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ghianni
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D000069463:Olive Oil
keywords: GIS; NMR profiling; food composition; geographical origin