title: The Castanea sativa bur as a new potential ingredient for nutraceutical and cosmetic outcomes: preliminary studies.
abstract: Chestnuts are a common food product in Mediterranean countries, being recognized also for their beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, during processing, these fruits generate a large amount of food by-products, such as shells and burs. In the present work, the macronutrient composition, vitamin E profile and amino acid content of the burs were determined in samples from three different Portuguese regions (Minho, Trás-os-Montes and Beira-Alta). The nutritional composition was similar for all samples, being characterised by a high moisture content and low fat amounts. All essential amino acids were present in considerable amounts. Concerning vitamin E, the predominant vitamer was α-tocopherol for the Minho and Beira-Alta samples. The total phenolic compounds were quantified, and the antioxidant activity evaluated in different extracts using two biochemical assays (DPPH˙ and FRAP). All bur extracts showed a high total phenolic content, the highest obtained being that for the Beira-Alta samples. The chestnut bur from Minho showed the highest antioxidant activity in both assays. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of the Castanea sativa bur as a cosmetic and nutraceutical ingredient.
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8803-0041
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Nair
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Filipa B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Pimentel
authors.affiliation: CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal and Labfit-HPRD: Health Products Research and Development Lda, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmeira-de-Oliveira
authors.affiliation: LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. franciscapintolisboa@gmail.com fsarmento@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: M Beatriz P P
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis*; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis*; D029962:Fagaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003358:Cosmetics; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014866:Waste Products; D014810:Vitamin E