title: Older peoples' perspectives on time spent alone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large amounts of time spent alone by older people have been associated with loneliness and poor mental and physical health. There is a paucity of research, however, that examines time alone from an occupational perspective. In this exploratory study we explored the perspectives of older people on their time spent alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A qualitative descriptive study design was selected. With the aim of maximising variation, five participants were recruited from retirement villages and seven participants who lived independently in the community. Participants recorded time spent alone in a time diary for three days as priming for a semi-structured in-depth interview. Transcripts were analysed thematically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three key themes were identified: 'it is a matter of getting some balance'; 'keeping busy'; and 'the nights are the worst'. The study highlights the importance older people place on the need to manage time alone so that it is a positive and nourishing experience and to avoid experiencing extended periods of boredom potentially leading to loneliness. Older people utilise occupations to keep busy and achieve an individually acceptable level of time alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enabling older people to balance time spent alone by addressing barriers to participation in the community in addition to finding engaging occupations to occupy time has the potential to prevent boredom, loneliness and improve wellbeing.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanley
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Shoshannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D016852:Housing for the Elderly; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living / Q000523:psychology*; D008132:Loneliness / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D009788:Occupational Therapy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: older people; qualitative descriptive; solitude; time alone