title: Associations between maternal characteristics and women's responses to acupuncture during labour: a secondary analysis from a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient characteristics are modulators of pain experience after acupuncture treatment for chronic pain. Whether this also applies to labour pain is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine for associations between maternal characteristics and response to acupuncture in terms of labour pain intensity in close proximity to the treatment (within 60 min) and over a longer time period (up to 240 min), and whether or not epidural analgesia is used, before and after adjustment for obstetric status upon admission to the labour ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study (n=253) using data collected for a randomised controlled trial. Associations were examined using linear mixed models and logistic regression analyses. Tests of interactions were also applied to investigate whether maternal characteristics were influenced by treatment group allocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In close proximity to the treatment, advanced age and cervical dilation were associated with lower pain scores (mean difference (MD) -13.2, 95% CI -23.4 to -2.9; and MD -5.0, 95% CI -9.6 to -0.5, respectively). For the longer time period, labour pain was negatively associated with age (MD -11.8, 95% CI -19.6 to -3.9) and positively associated with dysmenorrhoea (MD 5.5, 95% CI 1.6 to 9.5). Previous acupuncture experience and advanced cervical dilatation were associated with higher and lower use of epidural analgesia (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9; and OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5, respectively). No interactions with treatment allocation were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study did not identify any maternal characteristics associated with women's responses to acupuncture during labour.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  NCT01197950; Post-results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Women's and Children's Health, Division of Reproductive Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-7140
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vixner
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden.|Bergen University Collage, Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4123-405X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schytt
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena B
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3966
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Mårtensson
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D048949:Labor Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: ACUPUNCTURE; OBSTETRICS; PAIN MANAGEMENT