title: Retrospective analysis of canine gallbladder contents in biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles.
abstract: The pathophysiology of canine gallbladder diseases, including biliary sludge, gallbladder mucoceles and gallstones, is poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the component of gallbladder contents and bacterial infection of the gallbladder in order to elucidate the pathophysiology of biliary sludge and gallbladder mucoceles. A total of 43 samples of canine gallbladder contents (biliary sludge, 21 and gallbladder mucoceles, 22) were subjected to component analysis by infrared spectroscopy, and the resultant infrared spectra were compared with that of swine mucin. Of the 43 samples, 41 were also evaluated by aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture. The contents of 20 (95.2%) biliary sludge and 22 (100%) gallbladder mucocele samples exhibited similar infrared spectra as swine mucin. Although biliary sludge and gallbladder mucocele contents exhibited similar infrared spectra, one sample of biliary sludge (4.8%) was determined to be composed of proteins. The rate of bacterial infection of the gallbladder was 10.0% for biliary sludge and 14.3% for gallbladder mucoceles. Almost all of the identified bacterial species were intestinal flora. These results indicate that the principal components of gallbladder contents in both gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge are mucins and that both pathophysiologies exhibit low rates of bacterial infection of the gallbladder. Therefore, it is possible that gallbladder mucoceles and biliary sludge have the same pathophysiology, and, rather than being independent diseases, they could possibly represent a continuous disease. Thus, biliary sludge could be considered as the stage preceding the appearance of gallbladder mucoceles.
authors.affiliation: University of Miyazaki Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 1-1 Gakuen Kibana-dai Nishi, Miyazaki City, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Shidow
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torisu
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Shushi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Benedict Huai Ern
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naganobu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000662:veterinary; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis; D009078:Mucocele / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000662:veterinary; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D011506:Proteins