title: The progress and potential of proteomic biomarkers for type 1 diabetes in children.
abstract: Although it is possible to identify the genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), it is not possible to predict who will develop the disease. New biomarkers are needed that would help understand the mechanisms of disease onset and when to administer targeted therapies and interventions. Areas covered: An overview is presented of international study efforts towards understanding the cause of T1D, including the collection of several extensive temporal sample series that follow the development of T1D in at risk children. The results of the proteomics analysis of these materials are presented, which have included bodily fluids, such as serum or plasma and urine, as well as tissue samples from the pancreas. Expert commentary: Promising recent reports have indicated detection of early proteomic changes in the serum of patients prior to diagnosis, potentially providing new measures for risk assessment. Similarly, there has been evidence that post-translational modification (PTM) may result in the recognition of islet cell proteins as autoantigens; modified proteins could thus be used as targets for immunomodulation to overcome the threat of the autoimmune response.
authors.affiliation: a Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moulder
authors.affiliation: a Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Santosh Dilip
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bhosale
authors.affiliation: a Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lahesmaa
authors.affiliation: a Turku Centre for Biotechnology , University of Turku , Turku , Finland.|b School of Pharmacy , University of Maryland , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: David Robinson
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Goodlett
mesh_terms: D001324:Autoantigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Autoantibodies; beta cells; biobanks; biomarkers; human leukocyte antigen; islets of langerhans; type 1 diabetes