title: Association between Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Total Energy Intake among Mexican School-Age Children.
abstract: Water consumption promotes a decrease in total diet energy intake, and one explanation for this fact is the replacement of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by plain water (PW). The objective of this study was to analyze the association between SSB and PW consumption as a part of the total energy intake. Dietary information was obtained by one 24 h recall of 2536 school-age children who participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Mexico. PW and SSB consumption was measured in mL and servings (240 mL), and consumption was stratified into two levels (<2 and ≥2 servings/day). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between PW and SSB consumption in relation to total energy intake. Models were adjusted for age, sex, the proportion of energy obtained from non-beverage food, area of residence, and socioeconomic status (based on information regarding housing conditions and ownership of home appliances). PW consumption at the national level was two servings/day, and was not associated with total energy intake. However, the combination of the high consumption of PW and the low consumption of SSB was associated with less total energy intake (p< 0.05). Promoting higher PW and lower SSB consumption provides a useful public health strategy for reducing total energy intake and preventing overconsumption among Mexican school-age children.
authors.affiliation: Centro de investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico. tshamah@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shamah-Levy
authors.affiliation: Centro de investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico. gabriela.garcia@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Claudia Gabriela
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: García-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Centro de investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Avenida Universidad 655, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico. scrodrig@insp.mx.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Ramírez
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004326:Drinking; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D064167:Recommended Dietary Allowances
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates
keywords: beverage consumption; children; energy intake; plain water intake