title: Neurosurgery in Lebanon: History, Development, and Future Challenges.
abstract: Lebanon stands out as the one of the first countries in the Middle East and the Arab world to practice the medical specialty of neurosurgery. In addition, Lebanon has one of the best reputations for neurosurgery in this region. This article documents the history and current status of Lebanese neurosurgery. Residency and fellowship trainings are also highlighted, and political, socioeconomic, and academic challenges for the future of the profession are presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address: yfares@ul.edu.lb.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fares
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jawad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fares
mesh_terms: D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000193:education / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends
keywords: Academic neurosurgeon; Lebanon; Neurosurgical development; Neurosurgical expertise; Neurosurgical practice; Surgical practice; Surgical theory