title: Poly(N-phenylglycine)-Based Nanoparticles as Highly Effective and Targeted Near-Infrared Photothermal Therapy/Photodynamic Therapeutic Agents for Malignant Melanoma.
abstract: Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of new highly effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant melanoma is highly desirable. In this study, a new class of polymeric photothermal agents based on poly(N-phenylglycine) (PNPG) suitable for use in near-infrared (NIR) phototherapy of malignant melanoma is designed and developed. PNPG is obtained via polymerization of N-phenylglycine (NPG). Carboxylate functionality of NPG allows building multifunctional systems using covalent bonding. This approach avoids complicated issues typically associated with preparation of polymeric photothermal agents. Moreover, PNPG skeleton exhibits pH-responsive NIR absorption and an ability to generate reactive oxygen species, which makes its derivatives attractive photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) dual-modal agents with pH-responsive features. PNPG is modified using hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethylene glycol diamine (PEG-diamine) acting as the coupling agent. The resultant HA-modified PNPG (PNPG-PEG-HA) shows negligible cytotoxicity and effectively targets CD44-overexpressing cancer cells. Furthermore, the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that PNPG-PEG-HA selectively kills B16 cells and suppresses malignant melanoma tumor growth upon exposure to NIR light (808 nm), indicating that PNPG-PEG-HA can serve as a very promising nanoplatform for targeted dual-modality PTT/PDT of melanoma.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Bang-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Lu
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Can
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000528:radiation effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008545:Melanoma / Q000628:therapy*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D010789:Phototherapy; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013818:Thermogravimetry
chemical_list: C021316:N-phenylglycine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D005998:Glycine
keywords: hyaluronic acid; near-infrared light; photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy; poly(N-phenylglycine)