title: Simultaneous Voltammetric Measurements of Glucose and Dopamine Demonstrate the Coupling of Glucose Availability with Increased Metabolic Demand in the Rat Striatum.
abstract: Cerebral blood flow ensures delivery of nutrients, such as glucose, to brain sites with increased metabolic demand. However, little is known about rapid glucose dynamics at discrete locations during neuronal activation in vivo. Acute exposure to many substances of abuse elicits dopamine release and neuronal activation in the striatum; however, the concomitant changes in striatal glucose remain largely unknown. Recent developments have combined fast-scan cyclic voltammetry with glucose oxidase enzyme modified carbon-fiber microelectrodes to enable the measurement of glucose dynamics with subsecond temporal resolution in the mammalian brain. This work evaluates several waveforms to enable the first simultaneous detection of endogenous glucose and dopamine at single recording sites. These molecules, one electroactive and one nonelectroactive, were found to fluctuate in the dorsal striatum in response to electrical stimulation of the midbrain and systemic infusion of cocaine/raclopride. The data reveal the second-by-second dynamics of these species in a striatal microenvironment, and directly demonstrate the coupling of glucose availability with increased metabolic demand. This work provides a foundation that will enable detailed investigation of local mechanisms that regulate the coupling of cerebral blood flow with metabolic demand under normal conditions, and in animal studies of drug abuse and addiction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Samantha K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Christie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dausch
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Horman
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Heather B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Patisaul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0978-9795
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sombers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001703:Biophysics; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D020891:Raclopride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D020891:Raclopride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D003042:Cocaine; D005947:Glucose; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Biosensor; carbon fiber microelectrode; cocaine; fast-scan cyclic voltammetry; glucose oxidase; neuroenergetics