title: Polar constituents, protection against reactive oxygen species, and nutritional value of Chinese artichoke (Stachys affinis Bunge).
abstract: In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of Chinese artichoke (S. affinis tubers) by analyzing its polar constituents and its macro- and micro- nutrients. A total of nine compounds were isolated from the tuber ethanolic extract and structurally elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The marker compounds identified were oligosaccharide stachyose and the organic acid, succinic acid, as well as phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides. The macronutrient profile was dominated by carbohydrates (36.9% dw), whereas potassium (2.36%) was the most abundant micro-nutrient. The tuber ethanolic extract was able to efficiently protect human cells (Caco-2, SHSY-5Y and K562) against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venditti
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frezza
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celona
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Armandodoriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: EA 2219 Géoarchitecture, UFR Sciences & Techniques, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France; School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cianfaglione
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fiorini
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy. Electronic address: filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maggi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lizzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Celenza
mesh_terms: D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis*; D031366:Stachys / Q000737:chemistry*; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019802:Succinic Acid
keywords: 8-O-acetyl-harpagide (PubChem CID 9978650); Anti-reactive oxygen species activity; Chinese artichoke; Harpagide (PubChem CID 10044294); Iridoids; Leucosceptoside (PubChem CID 10394343); Martynoside (PubChem CID 10349304); Melittoside (PubChem CID 11968737); Nutrients; Phenylethanoid glycosides; Secondary metabolites; Stachyose (PubChem CID 439531); Stachys affinis; Succinic acid (PubChem CID 1110); Verbascoside (PubChem CID 5281800)