title: Hysingla® ER, a once-daily, single-entity hydrocodone with abuse-deterrent properties in treating chronic nonmalignant and nonneuropathic pain in patients with osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Osteoarthritis (OA)-related chronic pain is associated with physical and psychosocial impairment as well as poorer quality of life. There is limited literature on long-term opioid therapy in OA patients. This post hoc analysis of OA patients assessed the long-term safety and effectiveness of a once-daily, single-entity, extended-release formulation of hydrocodone (HYD) with abuse-deterrent properties for the management of pain severe enough to require daily, around-the-clock, long-term opioid treatment and for which other treatment options are inadequate.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a post hoc analysis of the 307 patients with OA pain from a primary open-label study. Following screening and dose titration, patients who achieved a stable HYD dose continued into a 52-week maintenance period. Supplemental non-opioid or short-acting opioid analgesics were allowed throughout the study. Safety was monitored. Effectiveness evaluations included "average pain over the last 24 hours" scores, "pain right now" scores, Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form and treatment satisfaction questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No new or unexpected safety concerns emerged during treatment with HYD. HYD demonstrated a safety profile consistent with other µ-opioid agonists with 22% discontinuations of treatment due to adverse events, a majority of which were related to the study drug. Clinically meaningful analgesia was achieved as mean "average pain over the last 24 hours"; scores decreased by 2.9 points from baseline to the end of maintenance. During the maintenance period, pain severity declined 2.7 points and interference by 2.5 points from baseline. Mean "pain right now" scores were similar at dosing and 12 hours later. A majority of patients reported satisfaction with HYD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In OA patients, long-term HYD treatment was generally well tolerated and provided clinically important analgesia.
authors.affiliation: a Arizona Research Center , Phoenix , AZ , USA.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Taber
authors.affiliation: b Purdue Pharma L.P ., Stamford , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldridge
authors.affiliation: b Purdue Pharma L.P ., Stamford , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: b Purdue Pharma L.P ., Stamford , CT , USA.
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ripa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D063487:Prescription Drug Misuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006853:Hydrocodone
keywords: Osteoarthritis; chronic pain; hydrocodone bitartrate; long-term opioid therapy; opioid; post hoc analysis