title: Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Growth Promotion byPseudomonas chlororaphisandP. aurantiacaStrains Isolated from Cactus, Cotton, and Para Grass.
abstract: Fluorescent pseudomonads have been isolated from halophytes, mesophytes, and xerophytes of Pakistan. Among these, eight isolates, GS-1, GS-3, GS-4, GS-6, GS-7, FS-2 (cactus), ARS-38 (cotton), and RP-4 (para grass), showed antifungal activity and were selected for detailed study. Based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequences, these were identified as strains ofP. chlororaphissubsp.chlororaphisandaurantiaca. Secondary metabolites of these strains were analyzed by LC-MS. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxy-phenazine, Cyclic Lipopeptide (white line-inducing principle (WLIP)), and lahorenoic acid A were detected in variable amounts in these strains.P. aurantiacaPB-St2 was used as a reference as it is known for the production of these compounds. ThephzOandPCAgenes were amplified to assure that production of these compounds is not an artifact. Indole acetic acid production was confirmed and quantified by HPLC. HCN and siderophore production by all strains was observed by plate assays. These strains did not solubilize phosphate, but five strains were positive for zinc solubilization. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with these strains to observe their effect on plant growth.P. aurantiacastrains PB-St2 and GS-6 andP. chlororaphisRP-4 significantly increased both root and shoot dry weights, as compared with uninoculated plants. However,P. aurantiacastrains FS-2 and ARS-38 significantly increased root and shoot dry weights, respectively. All strains except PB-St2 and ARS-38 significantly increased the root length. This is the first report of the isolation ofP. aurantiacafrom cotton and cactus,P. chlororaphisfrom para grass, WLIP and lahorenoic acid A production byP. chlororaphis, and zinc solubilization byP. chlororaphisandP. aurantiaca.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Izzah
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Applied Chemistry Research Center, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Deeba Noreen
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Baig
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore 54792, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rahman Shahzaib
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Kauser A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Samina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehnaz
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D029421:Cactaceae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003368:Gossypium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D006109:Poaceae / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070096:Pseudomonas chlororaphis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D064210:Secondary Metabolism; D014908:Triticum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001688:Biological Products; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Phenazines; Pseudomonas aurantiaca; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; lahorenoic acid; white line-inducing principle (WLIP); zinc solubilization