title: Hepatitis B Immunoprophylactic Failure and Characteristics of the Hepatitis B Virus Gene in Mother-Infant Pairs in Parts of China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the hepatitis B immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected mothers and to characterize HBV genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  HBV-serological testing was conducted for pregnant women and infants. The complete genomes of 30 HBV isolates were sequenced, and genetic characteristics were analyzed using MEGA 5 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunoprophylactic failure rate for infants who had completed the scheduled hepatitis B vaccination program was 5.76% (32/556). High sequence homology (99.8%-100%) was observed in 8 of the 10 mother-infant pairs. We identified 19 subgenotype C2 strains, 9 subgenotype B2 strains, and 2 subgenotype C1 strains. Three serotypes were detected: adr (19/30), adw (9/30), and ayw (2/30). The frequency of amino acid mutation of the 'a' determinant region was 16.67% (5/30), including that of Q129H, F134Y, S136Y, and G145E. We detected 67 amino acid mutations in the basal core promoter, precore, and core regions of the genome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunoprophylactic failure rate in infants born to HBV-infected mothers is low in the regions of China examined during this study. Moreover, HBV mutation in the 'a' determinant region could not account for immunoprophylactic failure for all infants.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Wen Jiao
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Li Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization Planning Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Fu Zhen
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization Planning Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Guo Min
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization Planning Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Tie Zhu
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Qing Ling
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunization Planning Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Fu Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
authors.forename: Sheng Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000151:congenital* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D017211:Treatment Failure; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: Gene characteristics; Immune escape; Mother-to-infant transmission; Scheduled vaccination; ‘a’ determinant mutation