title: Tailoring partially reduced graphene oxide as redox mediator for enhanced biotransformation of iopromide under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions.
abstract: This work reports the first successful application of graphene oxide (GO) and partially reduced GO (rGO) as redox mediator (RM) to increase the biotransformation of the recalcitrant iodinated contrast medium, iopromide (IOP). Results showed that GO-based materials promoted up to 5.5 and 2.8-fold faster biotransformation of IOP by anaerobic sludge under methanogenic and sulfate-reducing conditions, respectively. Correlation between the extent of reduction of GO and its redox-mediating capacity was demonstrated, which was reflected in faster removal and greater extent of biotransformation of IOP. Further analysis indicated that the biotransformation pathway of IOP involved multiple reactions including deiodination, decarboxylation, demethylation, dehydration and N-dealkylation. GO-based materials could be strategically tailored and integrated in biological treatment systems to effectively enhance the redox conversion of recalcitrant pollutants commonly found in wastewater treatment systems and industrial effluents.
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toral-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
authors.forename: J Rene
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rangel-Mendez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos (DIA-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ascacio Valdés
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Investigación en Alimentos (DIA-UAdeC), Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo 25280, Coahuila, Mexico.
authors.forename: Cristóbal N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a. Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico. Electronic address: fjcervantes@ipicyt.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cervantes
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D006108:Graphite; D007472:Iohexol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides; D013431:Sulfates
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D013431:Sulfates; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Biotransformation; Graphene oxide; Iopromide; Redox mediator; Wastewater