title: Esophageal Dysmotility in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients After Ingestion of Liquids With Different Viscosities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies assessing esophageal motility in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients had no consistency in their findings. These studies evaluated esophageal contractility in response to dry/water swallows. Our aim was to reassess esophageal motility in CRF patients to better define its abnormalities. To unmask minor defects not seen in conventional dry/water manometry we also evaluated esophageal contractility in response to a highly viscous substance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen controls and nine asymptomatic CRF patients underwent esophageal manometry with dry swallows, swallows of 5 mL of water (1 centipoise) and 5 mL of sugar cane syrup (24500 centipoise). CRF patients were compared with controls for esophageal motility parameters, considering each type of swallow (dry/water/syrup).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRF patients had: tendency for higher lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure (P = 0.09); shorter LES relaxation duration after dry/water/syrup swallows (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0001, respectively); higher amplitude of proximal contractions after dry/water/syrup swallows (P = 0.008, P = 0.01, P = 0.04); tendency for longer duration of distal contractions after dry/water/syrup swallows (P = 0.07, P = 0.04, P = 0.09); lower velocity of distal contractions after dry/water/syrup swallows (P = 0.006, P = 0.09, P = 0.02); and higher incidence of multi-peaked contractions after dry/water/syrup swallows (P = 0.03, P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Esophageal motility dysfunction can be a sub-clinical manifestation in CRF patients. Data also showed that swallows of a highly viscous liquid did not help to detect minor esophageal dysmotility in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Londrina State University, Health Center, Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clovis Massato
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Londrina State University, Health Center, Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucilene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosa-E-Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Londrina State University, Health Center, Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Altair Jacob
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mocelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Londrina State University, Health Center, Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zebian
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Londrina State University, Health Center, Londrina, State of Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rose Meire Albuquerque
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Dantas
keywords: Chronic renal failure; Esophageal manometry; Esophageal motility; Hemodialysis; High viscous substance