title: Development and characterization of a bioglass/chitosan composite as an injectable bone substitute.
abstract: SiO2-CaO-P2O5based bioglass (BG) systems constitute a group of materials that have wide applications in bone implants. Chitosan (Cn) is a biocompatible and osteoconductive natural polymer that can promote wound healing. In this study, bioactivity of chitosan/bioglass (CnB) composites as minimally invasive bone regenerative materials was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Injectability tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrated the formation of uniform injectable paste-like composites using BG particles and Cn. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM images confirmed hydroxyapatite deposition in vitro after incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). Higher BG content in the composite correlated with increased human osteoblast proliferation. An in vivo study in a rat spinal fusion model confirmed that increasing the amount of BG improved osteoconductivity. Manual palpation, radiographic images and pathological assessments proved that the composites promote bone formation. Based on these data, the synthesized composites have a potential application in orthopedic and reconstructive surgeries as a minimally invasive bone substitute.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. Electronic address: pkoshalk@tulane.edu.
authors.forename: Parastoo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khoshakhlagh
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol (Noshirvani) University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Mahmood
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rabiee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiaee
authors.affiliation: Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Pedram
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heidari
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Amir K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Miri
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Division, Milad Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Roshanak
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fathollah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moztarzadeh
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravarian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002460:Cell Line; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C022107:Bioglass; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Bone tissue engineering; Chitosan; In vivo bone regeneration; Polymer/bioglass composites