title: Enterogenous infection ofCandida albicansin immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Opportunistic infection of Candida albicans (C. albicans) has become a serious problem in immunocompromised patients. The study aimed to explore the mechanism of enterogenous infection ofC. albicansin immunocompromised rats under severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n=100) were randomly assigned into 5 groups as the following: blank group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone+SAP group, cyclophosphamide+ceftriaxone group, cyclophosphamide+SAP group, and cyclophosphamide group. The rats were sacrificed at 5 and 10 days, and their jejunum, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreas, intestinal content, and blood were quickly collected to detectC. albicans. A region of the 25S rRNA gene was chosen and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to differentiateC. albicansgenotypes. The amplified products were further sequenced and compared to judge their homology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the Cyclophosphamide group, the combination of immunosuppressants and broad-spectrum antibiotics significantly increased the colonization ofC. albicansin intestine in 5 and 10 days. Pure SAP stress did not increase the opportunistic infection ofC. albicans. The PCR products ofC. albicansisolates all belonged to the genotype A family, and sequence alignment showed that the amplified fragments were homologous.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The damage of immune system and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are important risk factors for opportunistic fungal infection. Intestinal tract is an important source for genotype-AC. albicansto translocate and invade into bloodstream.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250117, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Wang
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Hui
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Swine Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma-Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tang
keywords: Candida albicans; Genotype; Immunosuppression; Severe acute pancreatitis