title: Adaptations with Intermittent Exercise Training in Post- and Premenopausal Women.
abstract: The purposes of the present study was to examine the effect of intermittent exercise training on musculoskeletal and metabolic health in postmenopausal (PM) and premenopausal (PRM) women and, furthermore, to evaluate whether the adaptations can be maintained with a reduced training frequency.
  
  
  
  Eighteen PM (51 ± 1 yr, mean ± SEM) and 12 PRM (48 ± 1 yr) women participated in floorball training approximately two times per week for 12 wk. In a subgroup (n = 9) of PM women (PM40), exercise training was performed for an additional 40 wk with a reduced training frequency of approximately one training session per week.
  
  
  
  In PM, the body fat percentage decreased (P < 0.05) and the total lean leg mass increased (P < 0.05) during the 12-wk training period, with no changes in PRM. In both PM and PRM, lean body mass and maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) were higher, and Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test 1 (YYIET-1) performance was better (P < 0.05) after the 12-wk training period. Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide was higher (P < 0.05) in PM, and total leg bone mineral density (BMD) was higher (P < 0.05) in both PM and PRM after the 12-wk training period. In PM40, total lean leg mass, V˙O2max, YYIET-1 performance, level of procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide, and total leg BMD were maintained, whereas whole-body BMD and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were reduced (P < 0.05) and the expression of muscle glucose transporter type 4 was higher (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Twelve weeks of intermittent exercise training increased BMD, intermittent exercise capacity, and V˙O2max in PM and PRM, with PM also having positive changes in body composition. Additional 40 wk of training with a reduced frequency was sufficient to preserve these physiological adaptations and also improve blood glucose regulation in PM.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen Centre for Team Sports and Health, University of Copenhagen, DENMARK; and 2Departments of Diagnostics and Medicine, Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, DENMARK.
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seidelin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piil
authors.forename: Niklas Rye
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hellsten
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bangsbo
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D015519:Bone Density; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases