title: Visualization of Fluoride Ions In Vivo Using a Gadolinium(III)-Coumarin Complex-Based Fluorescence/MRI Dual-Modal Probe.
abstract: A new Gadolinium(III)-coumarin complex, DO3A-Gd-CA, was designed and prepared as a dual-modal probe for simultaneous fluorescence and relaxivity responses to fluoride ions (F-) in aqueous media and mice. DO3A-Gd-CAwas designed by using Gd(III) center as an MRI signal output unit and fluoride binding site, and the 4-(diethylamino)-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid (CA) as a fluorescence reporter. Upon the addition of fluoride ions to the solution of DO3A-Gd-CA, the liberation of the coordinatedCAligand led to a 5.7-fold fluorescence enhancement and a 75% increase in the longitudinal relaxivity (r₁). The fluorescent detection limit for fluoride ions was determined to be 8 μM based on a 3σ/slope. The desirable features of the proposed DO3A-Gd-CA, such as high sensitivity and specificity, reliability at physiological pH and low cytotoxicity enable its application in visualization of fluoride ion in mice. The successful in vivo imaging indicates that DO3A-Gd-CAcould be potentially used in biomedical diagnosis fields.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. Wangyue9088@163.com.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114002, China. srfandwl@163.com.
authors.forename: Renfeng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. FengHuan960421@163.com.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Ansteel Mining Engineering Corporation, Anshan 114002, China. asgk2006@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. qtmeng@ustl.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingtao
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. chi_haijun@163.com.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. r.zhang@uq.edu.au.|Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia. r.zhang@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Run
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, China. henrry1964@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis*; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012996:Solutions; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D007477:Ions; D015335:Molecular Probes; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; C030123:coumarin; D005682:Gadolinium; D005459:Fluorides; C104227:coumarin-3-carboxylic acid
keywords: detection; dual-modal; fluorescence/MRI; fluoride ion; gadolinium(III) complex