title: Behavior of a new long-chain cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive used for mesh fixation in hernia repair.
abstract: Synthetic tissue adhesives (TA) are sometimes used in hernia repair surgery. This study compares the use of a new, noncommercial, long-chain cyanoacrylate (n-octyl) TA and Ifabond for mesh fixation.
  
  
  
  In two implant models in the rabbit, expanded polytetrafluorethylene meshes were fixed to the parietal peritoneum using a TA or tacks (intraperitoneal model), or polypropylene meshes used to repair partial abdominal wall defects were fixed with a TA or sutures (extraperitoneal model). Animals were euthanized 14 or 90 d postsurgery and implant specimens were processed for microscopy (labeling of macrophages and apoptotic cells), peritoneal fluid and biomechanical strength testing. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determinated in peritoneal fluid.
  
  
  
  Mesothelial cell deposition on the intraperitoneal implants fixed using the new TA and Ifabond was adequate and similar IL-6 and TNF-α levels were detected in these implants. Intraperitoneal meshes fixed with tacks showed IL-6 overexpression. Three months after surgery, macrophage and apoptotic cell rates were higher for the intraperitoneal implants fixed with Ifabond versus the new TA or tacks. In the extraperitoneal model, reduced macrophage and cell damage responses were observed in the meshes fixed with sutures versus both TA. Tensile strengths were greater for the tacks versus TA in the intraperitoneal implants and similar for the sutures and TA in the extraperitoneal implants (90 d).
  
  
  
  Both TA showed a good cell response in both models. Their use in an intraperitoneal location resulted in reduced tensile strength compared with the tacks. However, strengths were comparable when extraperitoneal implants were fixed with these adhesives or sutures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: juanm.bellon@uah.es.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bellón
authors.affiliation: Polymeric Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-López
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Bárbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pérez-Köhler
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Andree
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kühnhardt
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Polymeric Biomaterials Group, Polymer Science and Technology Institute-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: San Román
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059685:Herniorrhaphy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011817:Rabbits; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C100832:octyl 2-cyanoacrylate
keywords: Cyanoacrylates; Mesh fixation; Polypropylene; Tacks; ePTFE prosthesis