title: Comparison of glutaraldehyde and carbodiimides to crosslink tissue engineering scaffolds fabricated by decellularized porcine menisci.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to fabricate porous scaffolds using decellularized meniscus, and to explore a preferable crosslinking condition to enhance mechanical properties of scaffolds. Moreover, the microstructure, porosity, biodegradation and cytotoxicity were also evaluated. EDAC or GTA in different concentration was used to crosslink scaffolds. FTIR demonstrated functional groups change in crosslinking process. SEM photography showed that crosslinked scaffolds had blurry edges, which resulted scaffolds crosslinked by 1.2mol/l EDAC had smaller porosity than other groups. The structure change enhanced antidegradation property. After immersing in enzyme solution for 96h, scaffolds crosslinked by GTA and EDAC could maintain their mass >70% and 80%. Most importantly, mechanical properties of crosslinked scaffolds were also improved. Uncrosslinked Scaffolds had only 0.49kPa in compression modulus and 12.81kPa in tensile modulus. The compression and tensile modulus of scaffolds crosslinked by 1.0% GTA were 1.42 and 567.44kPa respectively. The same value of scaffolds crosslinked by 1.2mol/l EDAC were 1.49 and 532.50kPa. Scaffolds crosslinked by 1.0% and 2.5% GTA were toxic to cells, while EDAC groups showed no cytotoxicity. Chondrocytes could proliferate and infiltrate within scaffolds after seeding. Overall, 1.2mol/l EDAC was a preferable crosslinking condition.
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Material and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Mingxue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
authors.forename: Shuyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Center for Biomedical Material and Tissue Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Shenzhen Institute, Peking University, Shenzhen 518057, China. Electronic address: tingfeixi@163.com.
authors.forename: Tingfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address: doctorguo_301@163.com.
authors.forename: Quanyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002234:Carbodiimides / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005976:Glutaral / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072600:Meniscus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002234:Carbodiimides; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005976:Glutaral
keywords: Carbodiimides; Crosslinking; Degradation; Glutaraldehyde; Mechanical properties; Meniscus scaffolds