title: Nebulized solid lipid nanoparticles for the potential treatment of pulmonary hypertension via targeted delivery of phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor.
abstract: Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors - among which sildenafil citrate (SC) - play a primary role in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, SC can be only administered orally or parenterally with lot of risks. Targeted delivery of SC to the lungs via inhalation/nebulization is mandatory. In this study, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with SC were prepared and characterized in terms of colloidal, morphological and thermal properties. The amount of drug loaded and its release behavior were estimated as a function of formulation variables. The potential of lipid nanocarriers to retain their properties following nebulization and autoclaving was investigated. In addition, toxicity aspects of plain and loaded SLNs on A549 cells were studied with respect to concentration. Spherical SLNs in the size range (100-250nm) were obtained. Particles ensured high encapsulation efficiency (88-100%) and sustained release of the payload over 24h. Cell-based viability experiments revealed a concentration-dependant toxicity for both plain and loaded SLNs recording an IC50of 516 and 384μg/mL, respectively. Nebulization with jet nebulizer and sterilization via autoclaving affected neither the colloidal stability of SLNs nor the drug entrapment, proving their potential as pulmonary delivery system. Interaction of SLNs with mucin was a function of the emulsifier coating layer. Results yet seeking clinical evidence - might give promises of new therapy for PH of higher safety, better performance and higher patient compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Shaimaa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makled
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: n.nafe3@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Noha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nafee
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 21521 Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boraie
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity; D012995:Solubility; D013242:Sterilization
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D008055:Lipids; D009077:Mucins; D058986:Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate
keywords: Mucus interaction; Nebulization; Phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitors; Pulmonary hypertension; Sildenafil citrate; Solid lipid nanoparticles