title: Combined effects of temperature and copper and S-metolachlor on embryo-larval development of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas.
abstract: This study evaluates the combined effects of two contaminants (copper and a herbicide S-metolachlor) and temperature on the early life stages of the Pacific oyster Crasssotrea gigas, which is native to Arcachon Bay (southwest France). The responses of D-larvae, obtained from wild and cultivated oysters, were investigated for one year during the oyster breeding period at different sampling sites and compared with the response of D-larvae from a commercial hatchery. Embryotoxicity was measured by considering the percentage of abnormal D-shaped larvae. Normal development of embryos occurred only from 22°C to 26°C. There were synergistic effects of copper at low and high temperatures. Native oysters appear particularly sensitive to an increase in water temperature, suggesting a future increase in the percentage of larval abnormalities as a result of global climate change. Hatchery oysters represent a good alternative model for studying the effects of both pollutants and climate change stressors.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Perrine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamain
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cachot
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clérandeau
authors.affiliation: IRSTEA, URBEX (Water Research Unit), 50 avenue de Verdun, Gazinet, 33612 Cestas Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mazzella
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France.
authors.forename: Pierre Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Gourves
authors.affiliation: Univ. Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence, France. Electronic address: benedicte.morin@u-bordeaux.fr.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D003300:Copper / Q000633:toxicity*; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects*; D005602:France; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; C051786:metolachlor
keywords: Climate change; Copper; Embryotoxicity; Herbicide; Pacific oyster