title: Quarantine Treatments of Imported Nursery Plants and Exported Cut Flowers by Phosphine Gas (PH3) as Methyl Bromide Alternative.
abstract: Quarantine treatments by phosphine (PH3) gas have been performed to replace methyl bromide (MeBr) for export cut flowers and imported nursery plant in Korea. In this preliminary study, two dominant insect pests of cut flowers, Tetranychus urticae Koch and Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, and the dominant insect pest of nursery plants, Planococcus citri Risso, were used to certify optimum concentration and fumigation time, along with evaluation of phytotoxic damages. To validate the results of preliminary tests, quarantine treatments for export cut flowers was performed in a 58-m3reefer container. When 14 species of cut flowers were fumigated with 2 g m-3PH3for 24 h (Ct product was 30.9 g h m-3) at 5 °C, all pests were effectively controlled and no phytotoxic damage were observed on roses and chrysanthemums. On quarantine trials for imported nursery trees, which was performed at 10 m3scale covered with a PVC-tarpaulin tent, 2 g m-3of PH3for 24 h (Ct product was 30.0 g h m-3) at 15 °C was enough to kill all pests and no damage was observed on seven species of nursery plants. Phosphine gas shows the promise as MeBr alternative to perishable commodities in terms of efficacy to certain quarantine pest and maintenance of its quality as well as being a more environmentally safe fumigant.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection R&D Center, FarmHannong Co. Ltd. Dongan-ro 11, Nonsan, Chungnam prov. 33010, South Korea (bongss@farmhannong.com).
authors.forename: Bong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Junju-daero 501, Gyeongnam 52828, South Korea (parkcg@gnu.ac.kr; byungholee@gnu.ac.kr).
authors.forename: Chung Gyoo
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk Prov., 39660, South Korea (youngmi@korea.kr; bksung@korea.kr).
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mi Moon
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeongbuk Prov., 39660, South Korea (youngmi@korea.kr; bksung@korea.kr).
authors.forename: Bo Kyung
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia (y.ren@murdoch.edu.au; s.wylie@murdoch.edu.au).
authors.forename: Yonglin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St., Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia (y.ren@murdoch.edu.au; s.wylie@murdoch.edu.au).
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Junju-daero 501, Gyeongnam 52828, South Korea (parkcg@gnu.ac.kr; byungholee@gnu.ac.kr) byungholee@gnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Byung
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ho Lee
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides; D003132:Commerce; D005651:Fumigation; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides; D010720:Phosphines; D010944:Plants; D011790:Quarantine; D056910:Republic of Korea
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D007306:Insecticides; D010720:Phosphines; C044646:phosphine
keywords: export cut flower; import nursery plant; methyl bromide alternative; phosphine gas (PH3)