title: Chitosan hydrogel formation using laccase activated phenolics as cross-linkers.
abstract: Chitosan hydrogels are gaining increasing interest for biomedical applications due to attractive properties such as biocompatibility. In order to replace toxic chemical cross-linkers for hydrogel formation, we investigated the cross-linking potential of laccase oxidized phenolics. HPLC-TOF-MS and ATR-FTIR demonstrated that phenolics were bond to glucosamine as chitosan model substrate. Phenolics concentrations required for hydrogel formation varied from 500μM for catechol to 5000μM for sinapic acid. The hydrogels showed different swelling and release properties assessed using methylene blue release as a model. Laccase oxidized caffeic acid and pyrogallol-chitosan hydrogels showed excellent behavior in up-taking water with a swelling of 208.7% for caffeic acid. Biocompatibility results did not show any significant inhibition of growth of HEK293 cell line when phenolics like catechol or eugenol were used. Therefore, this study demonstrates that laccase oxidized phenolics are potential cross-linking agents of chitosan as a novel green approach to synthesizing chitosan hydrogels.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tegl
authors.affiliation: ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Elham Ghorbani
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Gorji
authors.affiliation: ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria; Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borth
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schleining
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana. Electronic address: g.nyanhongo@boku.ac.at.
authors.forename: Gibson S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Nyanhongo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria; ACIB - Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria.
authors.forename: Georg M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Guebitz
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry*; D042845:Laccase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels; D048271:Chitosan; D042845:Laccase
keywords: Biocompatible; Chitosan; Hydrogels; Laccase; Oxidation; Phenolics