title: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with acute ischemic stroke, C-reactive protein, and short-term outcome.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with acute ischemic stroke, inflammatory markers, and short-term outcome. 168 acute ischemic stroke patients and 118 controls were included. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was applied up to 8 h of admission (baseline) and after three-months follow-up, and blood samples were obtained up to 24 h of admission to evaluate serum levels of 25-hydroxivitamin D [25(OH)D] and inflammatory markers. Vitamin D levels classified the individuals in sufficient (VDS ≥ 30.0 ng/mL), insufficient (VDI 20.0-29.9 ng/mL), and deficient (VDD < 20.0 ng/mL) status. Patients had lower levels of 25(OH)D, higher frequency of VDD (43.45% vs. 5.08%, OR: 16.64, 95% CI: 5.66-42.92, p < 0.001), and higher inflammatory markers than controls (p < 0.05). Patients with VDD showed increased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels than those with VDS status (p = 0.043); those with poor outcome presented with lower 25(OH)D levels than those with good outcome (p = 0.008); moreover, 25(OH)D levels were negatively correlated with mRS after three-months follow-up (r = -0.239, p = 0.005). The associations between VDD and higher hsCRP levels and between 25(OH)D levels and poor outcome at short-term in acute ischemic stroke patients suggest the important role of vitamin D in the inflammatory response and pathophysiology of this ischemic event.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Frizon
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Alfieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgery, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Francisco
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sayonara Rangel
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tamires
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flauzino
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francieli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Delongui
authors.affiliation: Medicine School, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Caroline Martins
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Araújo
authors.affiliation: Departmet of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isaias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dichi
authors.affiliation: Departmet of Clinical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinícius Daher
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Delfino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86.038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mezzaroba
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86.038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andréa Name Colado
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Simão
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Av. Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86.038-440, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. reiche@sercomtel.com.br.
authors.forename: Edna Maria Vissoci
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Reiche
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000097:blood; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: C-reactive protein; Inflammation; Stroke; Vitamin D; Vitamin D deficiency