title: Characterization of an experimental model of progressive renal disease in rats.
abstract: To characterize an experimental model of progressive renal disease induced by different degrees of nephrectomy in rats.
  Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups (n=20/group): sham surgery (control group), progressive degrees of nephrectomy leading to mild uremia (group 1), moderate uremia (group 2) and severe uremia (group 3). Ten animals of each group were followed for two or four weeks. At the end, blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected to determine renal function parameters. Urine output and water and food intake were daily monitored.
  In rats of group 1, serum levels of creatinine and urea and microalbuminuria were increased, while reduced creatinine clearance (p<0.05, compared with control group), without changing blood pressure. Animals of group 2 had more accentuated alterations: increases in urinary output, blood pressure, serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and in microalbuminuria, and reduction of creatinine clearance (p<0.05). Group 3 exhibited even more increased serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, sodium and potassium, blood pressure and microalbuminuria, and decreased creatinine clearance (p<0.05) in comparison with control group and unilateral nephrectomy.
  Progressive nephrectomy in rats seems to be useful to study the physiopathology of chronic kidney disease and its mechanisms of progression.
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Departament of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Itajuba-MG, Brasil. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; histopathological examinations; manuscript preparation and writing, final approval.
authors.forename: Nilo César do Vale
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Baracho
authors.affiliation: PhD, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Analysis and interpretation of data, statistical analysis, manuscript writing, final approval.
authors.forename: Lucas Miranda
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kangussu
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Technical procedures, manuscript preparation, final approval.
authors.forename: Thiago Ruiz Rodrigues
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Prestes
authors.affiliation: PhD, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, histopathological examinations, manuscript preparation, final approval.
authors.forename: Kátia Daniela da
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: PhD, Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation, final approval.
authors.forename: Regina Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: PhD, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data, manuscript preparation, critical revision, final approval.
authors.forename: Natália Pessoa
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Full Professor, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Research, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brasil. Conception and design of the study, interpretation of data, statistical analysis, histopathological examinations, manuscript preparation and writing, critical revision, final approval.
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Simões E
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D062186:Arterial Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014511:Uremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine