title: Distinct urine metabolome after Asian ginseng and American ginseng intervention based on GC-MS metabolomics approach.
abstract: Ginseng occupies a prominent position in the list of best-selling natural products worldwide. Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) show different properties and medicinal applications in pharmacology, even though the main active constituents of them are both thought to be ginsenosides. Metabolomics is a promising method to profile entire endogenous metabolites and monitor their fluctuations related to exogenous stimulus. Herein, an untargeted metabolomics approach was applied to study the overall urine metabolic differences between Asian ginseng and American ginseng in mice. Metabolomics analyses were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) together with multivariate statistical data analysis. A total of 21 metabolites related to D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, differed significantly under the Asian ginseng treatment; 34 metabolites mainly associated with glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, TCA cycle and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, were significantly altered after American ginseng treatment. Urinary metabolomics reveal that Asian ginseng and American ginseng can benefit organism physiological and biological functions via regulating multiple metabolic pathways. The important pathways identified from Asian ginseng and American ginseng can also help to explore new therapeutic effects or action targets so as to broad application of these two ginsengs.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Research &Development Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China.
authors.forename: Qing-Tao
authors.initials: QT
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Research &Development Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China.
authors.forename: Ya-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen-Song
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Research &Development Centre, Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510663, China.
authors.forename: Chung-Wah
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lian-Wen
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Qi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D014556:Urine
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides