title: The ameliorative effects of exercise on cognitive impairment and white matter injury from blood-brain barrier disruption induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in adolescent rats.
abstract: Vascular dementia is the progressive change in blood vessels that leads to neuronal injuries in vulnerable areas induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH). CCH induces disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and this BBB disruption can initiate the cognitive impairment and white matter injury. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of treadmill exercise on the cognitive impairment, white matter injury, and BBB disruption induced by CCH. Vascular dementia was induced by permanent bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO) in rats. The rats in the exercise group were made to run on a treadmill for 30min once a day for 14 weeks, starting 4 weeks after birth. Our results revealed that treadmill exercise group was alleviated the cognitive impairment and myelin degradation induced by CCH. The disruption of BBB after CCH indicates degradation of occludin, zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), and up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Treadmill exercise may provide protective effects on BBB disruption from degradation of occludin, ZO-1, and overexpression of MMP-9 after CCH. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise ameliorates cognitive impairment and white matter injury from BBB disruption induced by CCH in rats. The present study will be valuable for means of prophylactic and therapeutic intervention for patients with CCH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701 South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo Joung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701 South Korea. Electronic address: yj129@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Youn-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D056547:CA1 Region, Hippocampal / Q000098:blood supply; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D018782:Maze Learning; D055806:Microvessels / Q000473:pathology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000098:blood supply; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D062725:Tight Junction Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D066127:White Matter / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D062725:Tight Junction Proteins; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; Cognitive impairment; Treadmill exercise; White matter injury