title: Vision-related quality of life and psychological status in Chinese women with Sjogren's syndrome dry eye: a case-control study.
abstract: Sjogren's syndrome dry eye (SSDE) mainly affects middle-aged women and can negatively affect women's psychological and social functioning. However, little is known about the correlation between vision-related quality of life (VR-QoL) and psychological status for women with SSDE. We therefore examined VR-QoL and psychological status in two groups of Chinese women: an SSDE group and a non-SSDE group. We also explored the associations between VR-QoL scores, sociodemographic measures, ophthalmologic parameters, and psychological status in women with SSDE.
  
  
  
  The case-control study recruited 30 female outpatients with SSDE and 30 without SSDE from the Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Hospital of Fudan University. Demographic and ophthalmologic data were collected from all participants. Ophthalmologic examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS), tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test. Data collected using the National Eye Institute's Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) survey instruments were analyzed to identify potential differences in VR-QoL between the SSDE group and the non-SSDE group. We also used the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Self-Rating Depression Scales (SAS and SDS) to determine psychological status in both groups.
  
  
  
  The SSDE group scored significantly lower than the non-SSDE group on the NEI-VFQ subscales of general health, general vision, and long-distance vision activities (all p < 0.05). The SSDE group achieved a significantly higher ocular symptoms score compared with the control group (p = 0.0256). The SAS and SDS scores of the SSDE group were significantly higher than the non-SSDE group (p = 0.0072 and 0.0162, respectively). The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the SSDE group was significantly higher than the non-SSDE group (p = 0.0240 and 0.0200, respectively). Nine of twelve NEI-VFQ subscales were negatively correlated with SAS/SDS scores (all p values were <0.05). The exceptions were social function, color vision and peripheral vision. The composite OSDI score and its three subscale scores for the women in the SSDE group were all positively correlated with overall SAS/SDS scores (all p values were <0.05).
  
  
  
  Both VR-QoL and psychological status were significantly worse in SSDE group than in the non-SSDE group. The VR-QoL of women with SSDE had a negative correlation with their anxiety and depression levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Naiqing
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No. 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China. 13501798683@139.com.|Key Laboratory of myopia, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. 13501798683@139.com.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002680:Chin; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014785:Vision, Ocular
keywords: Anxiety; Depression; Dry eye; Sjogren’s syndrome; Vision-related quality of life