title: Foodborne enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: from gut pathogenesis to new preventive strategies involving probiotics.
abstract: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are a major cause of traveler's diarrhea and infant mortality in developing countries. Given the rise of antibiotic resistance worldwide, there is an urgent need for the development of new preventive strategies. Among them, a promising approach is the use of probiotics. Although many studies, mostly performed under piglet digestive conditions, have shown the beneficial effects of probiotics on ETEC by interfering with their survival, virulence or adhesion to mucosa, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This review describes ETEC pathogenesis, its modulation by human gastrointestinal cues as well as novel preventive strategies with a particular emphasis on probiotics. The potential of in vitro models simulating human digestion in elucidating probiotic mode of action will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.|Cmet, Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charlène
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, UMR 1071 INSERM/Université d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France INRA, Unité Sous Contrat 2018, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Adeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivignon
authors.affiliation: Cmet, Center for Microbial Ecology & Technology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Tom Van
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: de Wiele
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, EA 4678 CIDAM, Conception Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanquet-Diot
mesh_terms: D054307:Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*
keywords: ETEC; ST/LT toxins; foodborne pathogen; gastrointestinal cues; in vitro digestion models; nutritional strategies; pig; probiotics; vaccine; virulence factors