title: A Natural Component-Based Oxygen Indicator with In-Pack Activation for Intelligent Food Packaging.
abstract: Intelligent food packaging can provide consumers with reliable and correct information on the quality and safety of packaged foods. One of the key constituents in intelligent packaging is a colorimetric oxygen indicator, which is widely used to detect oxygen gas involved in food spoilage by means of a color change. Traditional oxygen indicators consisting of redox dyes and strong reducing agents have two major problems: they must be manufactured and stored under anaerobic conditions because air depletes the reductant, and their components are synthetic and toxic. To address both of these serious problems, we have developed a natural component-based oxygen indicator characterized by in-pack activation. The conventional oxygen indicator composed of synthetic and artificial components was redesigned using naturally occurring compounds (laccase, guaiacol, and cysteine). These natural components were physically separated into two compartments by a fragile barrier. Only when the barrier was broken were all of the components mixed and the function as an oxygen indicator was begun (i.e., in-pack activation). Depending on the component concentrations, the natural component-based oxygen indicator exhibited different response times and color differences. The rate of the color change was proportional to the oxygen concentration. This novel colorimetric oxygen indicator will contribute greatly to intelligent packaging for healthier and safer foods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keehoon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0763-7683
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Nan Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul , 30 Pildong-ro 1-gil, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junsu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeon
mesh_terms: D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: colorimetric oxygen indicators; cysteine; guaiacol; in-pack activation; intelligent food packaging; laccase