title: By-products of Scyliorhinus canicula, Prionace glauca and Raja clavata: A valuable source of predominantly 6S sulfated chondroitin sulfate.
abstract: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) was isolated from Scyliorhinus canicula (fin, head and skeleton), Prionace glauca (head), and Raja clavata (skeleton) by-products from fish processing industry using environmentally friendly processes. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography and the sugar composition and sulfation position by NMR and SAX-HPLC after enzymatic digestion. The CSs showed a prevalent 6S GalNAc sulfation for the 3 species (4S/6S ratio lower than 1). A higher 6S sulfation was observed for P. glauca head and R. clavata skeleton (4S/6S ratio below 0.20) than for S. canicula (4S/6S ratio ca. 0.6). The existence of CS samples with such low 4S/6S ratio has only been observed before in a rare species of shark (Mitsukutina owatoni, globin shark). The good extraction yields achieved make S. canicula, P. glauca and R. clavata fish industry by-products a useful source of 6-sulfated chondroitin sulfate.
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. Electronic address: rnovoausc@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Novoa-Carballal
authors.affiliation: Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martín
authors.affiliation: Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Group of Food Biochemistry, Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sotelo
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fassini
authors.affiliation: CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Cláudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.affiliation: QOPNA, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Coimbra
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tiago H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
authors.forename: Rui L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.affiliation: Group of Recycling and Valorisation of Waste Materials (REVAL), Marine Research Institute (IIM-CSIC), R/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. Electronic address: jvazquez@iim.csic.es.
authors.forename: José Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vázquez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D012754:Sharks; D012860:Skates, Fish
chemical_list: D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Chondroitin sulfate; Elasmobranch; Prionace glauca; Raja clavata; Scyliorhinus canicula; Sulfation position