title: Dietary taurine supplementation ameliorates the lethal effect of phenanthrene but not the bioaccumulation in a marine teleost, red sea bream, Pagrus major.
abstract: The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary taurine on the hepatic metabolic profiles of red sea bream (Pagrus major) and on phenanthrene (a polyaromatic hydrocarbon) toxicity and bioaccumulation. The fish were fed a diet supplemented with 0% (TAU0%), 0.5% (TAU0.5%), or 5% (TAU5%) taurine for 40-55d and subjected to phenanthrene acute toxicity and bioaccumulation tests. Taurine deficiency in feed severely affected the hepatic metabolic profiles of fish, which indicated a complementary physiological response to taurine deficiency. For the acute toxicity test, fish were fed the test diets for 55d and were then exposed to 0-893µg/L phenanthrene for 96h. Tolerance to phenanthrene was significantly improved by 0.5% of taurine inclusion in feed relative to TAU0%, but not by 5.0% inclusion. Reduced glutathione in the liver, which acts as an oxygen-free radical scavenger, was associated with a reduction in the toxicity of phenanthrene. For the bioaccumulation test, fish were fed the test diets for 40d and were thereafter chronically exposed to 20µg/L phenanthrene for 13d followed by depuration for 3d. The activity of hepatic biomarker, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, was increased by phenanthrene exposure in the taurine inclusion groups. However, phenanthrene concentrations in the liver and muscle of fish fed TAU5.0% tended to be higher than those of fish fed TAU0% and TAU0.5% during the exposure period. These results indicate that 0.5% of taurine inclusion in feed plays an important role in the alleviation of phenanthrene toxicity but not bioaccumulation. Furthermore, larger amount of taurine inclusion (TAU5%) did not show marked beneficial effects against phenanthrene exposure. This study provides insight about a major concern of environmental contaminants into aquatic environment and can be effectively used for improvement of aquaculture.
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan. Electronic address: hntks@affrc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hano
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Mana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000378:metabolism*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis; D013654:Taurine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D013654:Taurine; C031181:phenanthrene; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Amelioration; Bioaccumulation; Hepatic metabolomics; Lethal toxicity; Phenanthrene; Taurine