title: Sedentary Time and Physical Activity Surveillance Through Accelerometer Pooling in Four European Countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to pool, harmonise and re-analyse national accelerometer data from adults in four European countries in order to describe population levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cross-sectional studies were included from England, Portugal, Norway and Sweden. ActiGraph accelerometer count data were centrally processed using the same algorithms. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to study the associations of sedentary time and physical inactivity with sex, age, weight status and educational level, in both the pooled sample and the separate study samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 9509 participants were used. On average, participants were sedentary for 530 min/day, and accumulated 36 min/day of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Twenty-three percent accumulated more than 10 h of sedentary time/day, and 72% did not meet the physical activity recommendations. Nine percent of all participants were classified as high sedentary and low active. Participants from Norway showed the highest levels of sedentary time, while participants from England were the least physically active. Age and weight status were positively associated with sedentary time and not meeting the physical activity recommendations. Men and higher-educated people were more likely to be highly sedentary, while women and lower-educated people were more likely to be inactive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found high levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity in four European countries. Older people and obese people were most likely to display these behaviours and thus deserve special attention in interventions and policy planning. In order to monitor these behaviours, accelerometer-based cross-European surveillance is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. a.loyen@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4045-6710
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loyen
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK.
authors.forename: Alexandra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Clarke-Cornwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Sigmund A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Anderssen
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hagströmer
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luís B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Sardinha
authors.affiliation: Center for Primary Health Care, IKVMLund University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundquist
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.|Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steene-Johannessen
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baptista
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørge H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Katrien
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wijndaele
authors.affiliation: MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brage
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lakerveld
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1089a, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brug
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Hidde P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry / Q000379:methods*; D056044:Actigraphy; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005060:Europe; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009664:Norway; D009765:Obesity; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011174:Portugal; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D013548:Sweden