title: Congenital Absence of the Pericardium.
abstract: Congenital absence of the pericardium (CAP) is one of the rarest cardiac congenital anomalies. It can occur as a complete absence of the entire pericardium, absence of the right or left portion of the pericardium or a partial, foramen-like defect of the right or left pericardium. While the majority of cases are clinically silent, multiple reports associate CAP with symptomatic presentation. The most feared complication of CAP is sudden death due to cardiac strangulation across a partial defect of the left pericardium. Given its rare occurrence, most clinicians and imaging specialists will have little experience with this condition and may fail to recognize it on thoracic or cardiac studies. Thus, the purpose of this review is to highlight the common clinical and multimodality imaging features associated with this anomaly and suggest a management algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL, United States. Electronic address: lopezd@ccf.org.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL, United States. Electronic address: asherc@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Asher
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019468:Disease Management; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Cardiac CT; Cardiac MRI; Cardiac herniation; Congenital absence of the pericardium; Echocardiography; Partial pericardial defect