title: Physical therapy for chronic scrotal content pain with associated pelvic floor pain on digital rectal exam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic scrotal content pain (CSCP) is a common condition that can be challenging to manage definitively. A cohort of patients with CSCP have referred pain from myofascial abnormalities of the pelvic floor and therefore require treatment modalities that specifically address the pelvic floor such as pelvic floor physical therapy (PFPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of all men with a pelvic floor component of CSCP presenting to our tertiary care medical center and undergoing PFPT from 2011-2014. Patients with CSCP and pain/tightness on pelvic floor evaluation with 360° digital rectal exam (DRE) were referred to a physiotherapist for PFPT. CSCP was defined as primary unilateral or bilateral pain of the testicle, epididymis and/or spermatic cord that was constant or intermittent, lasted greater than 3 months, and significantly interfered with daily activities. Long term follow up was conducted by office visit and physical therapy chart review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty patients, mean age of 42 years (range 18-75), were followed for a median of 13 months (range 3-48). Median pre-PFPT pain score was 6/10 (range 2-10). After a mean of 12 PFPT sessions (IQR 6-16), pain improved in 50.0% of patients, median decrease in pain was 4.5/10 (range 1-10). Complete resolution of pain occurred in 13.3%, 44.0% had none to minor residual pain. Following PFPT, fewer subjects required pain medication compared with prior to PFPT (44.0% versus 73.3%, p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For men with CSCP and a positive pelvic floor exam with DRE, we recommend a trial of PFPT as an effective and non-operative treatment modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: M Ryan
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Sheila A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dugan
authors.forename: Laurence A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D059350:Chronic Pain; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012611:Scrotum / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome