title: Expressed Emotions and Depressive Symptoms in Caregivers of Adolescents with First-Onset Anorexia Nervosa-A Long-Term Investigation over 2.5 Years.
abstract: High levels of expressed emotions (EE) and depressive symptoms (DS) are often found in caregivers of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Both parameters are considered to influence AN symptoms of the patient.
  
  
  
  One hundred seventy adolescent women with AN and their caregivers were assessed at admission, discharge, at 1-year and 2.5-year follow up to evaluate AN symptoms of the patient and EE and DS of caregivers.
  
  
  
  The EE and DS were elevated at admission and decreased during treatment, criticism (as part of EE) exhibited again at the 2.5-year follow up. Caregivers of more severely ill patients reported significantly greater levels of EE and DS. Mothers were more affected than fathers. EE and DS were interrelated.
  
  
  
  Caregivers of adolescent AN patients suffer from elevated levels of EE and DS. Further studies are needed to examine whether therapeutic interventions to reduce caregivers' EE and DS might have a positive influence on treatment outcome. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhild
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwarte
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timmesfeld
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.|Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dempfle
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krei
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Egberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jaite
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleischhaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Köln-Holweide, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wewetzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herpertz-Dahlmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bühren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000856:Anorexia Nervosa / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D019260:Expressed Emotion; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Anorexia nervosa; adolescent; caregivers; depressive symptoms; distress; expressed emotions; parents