title: Upper Eyelid Response to Topical 0.5% Apraclonidine.
abstract: To describe the change in upper eyelid position in a self-reportedly normal population after the administration of topical 0.5% apraclonidine in each eye.
  
  
  
  One hundred self-reportedly normal subjects received a 1-time administration of topical 0.5% apraclonidine in each eye. Digital photographs were taken at baseline and then 30 and 45 minutes following apraclonidine instillation. Marginal reflex distance 1 was determined via image analysis of acquired digital photographs (image-derived measurements are given the prefix "i" in this study). The horizontal corneal diameter was used as a constant measurement scale in each photograph.
  
  
  
  The mean increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1 post-administration of 0.5% apraclonidine was +0.70 ± 0.60 mm (range, -0.94 to +2.66 mm) after 30 minutes and +0.68 ± 0.59 mm (range, -0.69 to +2.54 mm) after 45 minutes. Of the 200 total eyelids in 100 subjects, 181 (90.5%) had an increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1 at 30 minutes. Of the 100 subjects, 85 (85%) had a bilateral increase in i-marginal reflex distance 1, 4 (4%) had a bilateral decrease, and 11 (11%) had a unilateral increase with a contralateral decrease.
  
  
  
  Given its predominant small-amplitude upper eyelid elevating effect, topical apraclonidine may be a useful off-label alternative treatment for mild upper eyelid ptosis and in eyelid asymmetry due to eyelid retraction through use in the contralateral eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, and Veteran's Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Christopher A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, and Veteran's Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Shriver
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics, and Veteran's Affairs Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Thomas J E
authors.initials: TJE
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Randy H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kardon
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005143:Eyelids / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010781:Photography; D057566:Self Report; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; C016986:apraclonidine; D003000:Clonidine