title: Chemical Studies of Yellow Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Fruit Flavor by Using a Molecular Sensory Approach.
abstract: The odor-active volatile compounds of yellow tamarillo fruit (S. betaceumCav.) were identified and quantified by using a sensomics approach, combining a gentle volatile extraction (solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE)), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and sensory analyses (gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA)). The medium-term purpose of this work is to evaluate the change of odor-active volatiles during processing. Thus, (Z)-3-hexenal, hexanal, and ethyl butanoate were identified as key aroma compounds of yellow tamarillo. The C₆-aliphatic compounds, aliphatic esters, and terpenols were characterized as the volatiles responsible for the herbal-green, fruity, and fresh-mint odor notes of this variety, respectively. Additionally, one non-volatile compound contributing to the residual bitter taste of this fruit was isolated by a bioguided (taste sensory analyses) fractionation. The freeze-dried fruit was sequentially liquid-liquid partitioned with solvents of different polarity, and then the ethyl acetate fraction was submitted to size exclusion chromatography. Then, its structure was elucidated as rosmarinic acid, by using common spectroscopic methods (mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)). The amount of rosmarinic acid was quantified as 46.17 ± 1.20 mg/100 g of dried fruit, by the external standard method. Its bitter taste threshold value was determined by using the 3AFC (alternative forced choice) method to be 37.00 ± 1.25 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 14490 Bogotá, Colombia. jumgarciach@unal.edu.co.
authors.forename: Juliana María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 14490 Bogotá, Colombia. ljprietop@unal.edu.co.
authors.forename: Laura Juliana
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Disaromas S.A., Cra 46 No. 20A-90 Bogotá, Colombia. aliriog@disaromas.com.
authors.forename: Alirio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.affiliation: Disaromas S.A., Cra 46 No. 20A-90 Bogotá, Colombia. malagondianam@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malagon
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, AA 14490 Bogotá, Colombia. cosorior@unal.edu.co.
authors.forename: Coralia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osorio
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002087:Butyrates / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000737:chemistry; D053630:Depsides / Q000737:chemistry; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012903:Smell; D032322:Solanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013649:Taste; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D002087:Butyrates; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid; C586688:3-hexenal; C010463:n-hexanal; C045572:ethyl butyrate
keywords: AEDA; aroma; bitterness; rosmarinic acid; taste; tree tomato