title: Detecting High Hyperopia: The Plus Lens Test and the Spot Vision Screener.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of the Plus Lens (Goodlite Company, Elgin, IL) test and the Spot Vision Screener (Welch Allyn, Skaneateles Falls, NY) in detecting high hyperopia in a pediatric population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June and August 2015, patients were screened with the Spot Vision Screener and the Plus Lens test prior to a scheduled pediatric ophthalmology visit. The following data were analyzed: demographic data, Plus Lens result, Spot Vision Screener result, cycloplegic refraction, and examination findings. Sensitivity/specificity and positive/negative predictive values were calculated for the Plus Lens test and Spot Vision Screener in detecting hyperopia as determined by the "gold-standard" cycloplegic refraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 109 children (average age: 82 months) were included. Compared to the ophthalmologist's cycloplegic refraction, the Spot Vision Screener sensitivity for +3.50 diopters (D) hyperopia was 31.25% and the specificity was 100%. The Plus Lens sensitivity for +3.50 D hyperopia was 43.75% and the specificity was 89.25%. Spot Vision Screener sensitivity increased with higher degrees of hyperopia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary study, the Plus Lens test and the Spot Vision Screener demonstrated moderate sensitivity with good specificity in detecting high hyperopia. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2017;54(3):163-167.].
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Mae Millicent W
authors.initials: MMW
authors.lastname: Peterseim
authors.forename: Rupal H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edward Wilson
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Cheeseman
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Papa
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004867:Equipment Design; D015785:Eye Diseases, Hereditary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015351:Vision Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*