title: Efficacy of homeopathy in livestock according to peer-reviewed publications from 1981 to 2014.
abstract: Homeopathy is widely used in livestock, especially in order to reduce the use of antibiotics, although it is often seen as controversial. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to assess the efficacy of homeopathy in cattle, pigs and poultry. Only peer-reviewed publications dealing with homeopathic remedies, which could possibly replace or prevent the use of antibiotics in the case of infective diseases or growth promotion in livestock were included. Search results revealed a total number of 52 trials performed within 48 publications fulfilling the predefined criteria. Twenty-eight trials were in favour of homeopathy, with 26 trials showing a significantly higher efficacy in comparison to a control group, whereas 22 showed no medicinal effect. Cure rates for the treatments with antibiotics, homeopathy or placebo varied to a high degree, while the remedy used did not seem to make a big difference. Looking at all the studies, no study was repeated under comparable conditions. Consequently, the use of homeopathy currently cannot claim to have sufficient prognostic validity where efficacy is concerned. When striving for high therapeutic success in treatment, the potential of homeopathy in replacing or reducing antibiotics can only be validated if evidence of efficacy is confirmed by randomised controlled trials under modified conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Doehring
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstraße 1a, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sundrum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000662:veterinary*; D058751:Livestock; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Caprine athritis encephalitis virus (CAEV); Goats; Risk factors; Seroprevalence