title: Perfluorinated Compounds in Greenhouse and Open Agricultural Producing Areas of Three Provinces of China: Levels, Sources and Risk Assessment.
abstract: Field investigations on perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) levels in various environmental matrixes were reported, but there is still a lack of PFAA level data for agricultural environments, especially agricultural producing areas, so we collected soil, irrigation water and agricultural product samples from agricultural producing areas in the provinces of Liaoning, Shandong and Sichuan in China. The background pollution from instruments was removed and C₄-C18PFAAs were detected by LC-MS/MS. The concentrations of PFAAs in the top and deep layers of soil were compared, and the levels of PFAAs in different agricultural environments (greenhouses and open agriculture) were analyzed. We found the order of PFAA levels by province was Shandong > Liaoning > Sichuan. A descending trend of PFAA levels from top to deep soil and open to greenhouse agriculture was shown and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) was considered as a marker for source analysis. Bean vegetables contribute highly to the overall PFAA load in vegetables. A significant correlation was shown between irrigation water and agricultural products. The EDI (estimated daily intake) from vegetables should be of concern in China.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. zhangyanwei14@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. tdf1107921009@163.com.
authors.forename: Dongfei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. gengyue@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. wanglu@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. ypng_714@126.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. hezeying222308@163.com.
authors.forename: Zeying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. nyhjzxtj@163.com.
authors.forename: Yaping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Quality, Mninistry of Agriculture, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Produt, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Tianjin 300191, China. xwliu2006@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002210:Caprylates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C033094:perfluorobutyric acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid
keywords: PFBA; PFOA; greenhouse agriculture; risk assessment; source analysis