title: Effect of MTA particle size on periapical healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of reduction in MTA particle size on dento-alveolar and osseous healing in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root canals of 24 mandibular premolars in four 2-year-old beagles were prepared and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. Two to four weeks later, during periapical surgery, the root-end cavity preparations in these teeth were filled with either grey ProRoot MTA or modified (reduced particle sizes with faster setting time) MTA. The animals were sacrificed 4 months later. Degrees of inflammation, type of inflammatory cells, fibrous connective tissue adjacent to the root-end filling materials, cementum formation over the resected roots and root-end filling materials and bone healing were examined. Data were analysed using the McNemar test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in healing of periapical tissues were found when comparing ProRoot MTA to a modified MTA containing reduced particle sizes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing the particle sizes of MTA did not impact its biological properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torabinejad
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Mashad University, Mashad, Iran.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moazzami
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moaddel
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Kennewick, WA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.affiliation: Private Practice, Chico, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gustefson
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Faras
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shabahang
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000494:pharmacology; D008334:Mandible; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D010486:Periapical Tissue / Q000187:drug effects*; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012390:Root Canal Therapy; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D006171:Gutta-Percha
keywords: 
  MTA
  ; fast-set; periapical healing; root-end filling material