title: LC-MS-MS Method for Analysis of Benzodiazepines in Wastewater During Football Games IV.
abstract: Continuing our studies for the analyses of drugs of abuse in municipal wastewater, a method was developed for the analysis of benzodiazepines in wastewater samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Ten benzodiazepines and metabolites were analyzed (structures were found), including alprazolam, α-OH-alprazolam (the primary urinary metabolite of alprazolam), chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, 2-OH-ethylflurazepam (the primary urinary metabolite of flurazepam), 7-NH2-flunitrazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, temazepam and α-OH-triazolam (the primary urinary metabolite of triazolam) (representative chromatograms were found). These drugs were chosen because of their widespread abuse. Wastewater samples were collected at both the Oxford Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Oxford, Mississippi (MS) and the University WWTP in University, MS. These wastewater samples were collected on weekends in which the Ole Miss Rebel football team held home games at the Vaught-Hemingway Stadium, University, and one weekend on which there was no game. The collected samples were analyzed using a validated method and found to contain alprazolam, α-OH-alprazolam, nordiazepam, oxazepam and temazepam. None of the samples contained chlordiazepoxide, flurazepam, 2-hydroxyethyl-flurazepam, 7-NH2-flunitrazepam and α-OH-triazolam.
authors.affiliation: ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.|Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stamper
authors.affiliation: ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.|National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Waseem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Murrell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.affiliation: ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.
authors.forename: Shahbaz W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.affiliation: ElSohly Laboratories, Inc., 5 Industrial Park Drive, Oxford, MS 38655, USA.|National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.|Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: ElSohly
mesh_terms: D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000032:analysis*; D005538:Football; D000068957:Games, Recreational; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000032:analysis*; D008922:Mississippi; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D062065:Wastewater