title: Regulation of Endothelial Cell Adherence and Elastic Modulus by Substrate Stiffness.
abstract: Although substrate stiffness has been previously reported to affect various cellular aspects, such as morphology, migration, viability, growth, and cytoskeletal structure, its influence on cell adherence has not been well examined. Here, we prepared three soft, medium, and hard polyacrylamide (PAAM) substrates and utilized AFM to study substrate elasticity and also the adhesion and mechanical properties of endothelial cells in response to changing substrate stiffness. Maximum detachment force and cell stiffness were increased with increasing substrate stiffness. Maximum detachment force values were 0.28 ± 0.14, 0.94 ± 0.27, and 1.99 ± 0.59 nN while Young's moduli of cells were 218.85 ± 38.73, 385.58 ± 131.67, and 933.20 ± 428.92 Pa for soft, medium, and hard substrates, respectively. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed round to more spread shapes on soft to hard substrates, with the most organized and elongated actin structure on the hard hydrogel. Our results confirm the importance of substrate stiffness in regulating cell mechanics and adhesion for a successful cell therapy.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Sharareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jalali
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tafazzoli-Shadpour
authors.affiliation: b National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Nooshin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haghighipour
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omidvar
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Biomedical Engineering , Amirkabir University of Technology , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Safshekan
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D055119:Elastic Modulus / Q000502:physiology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000199:Actins; D000099166:Polyacrylamides
keywords: Endothelial cell; adhesion; atomic force microscopy; cell substrate; polyacrylamide; stiffness