title: Limitations in Prehospital Communication Between Trauma Helicopter, Ambulance Services, and Dispatch Centers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prehospital communication with Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is carried out in hectic situations. Proper communication among all medical personal is required to enhance collaboration, to provide the best care and enable shared situational awareness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this article was to give insight into current Dutch prehospital emergency care communication among all EMS and evaluate the usage of a new physician staffed helicopter EMS (P-HEMS) cancellation model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Trauma-related P-HEMS dispatches between November 1, 2014 and May 31, 2015 for the Lifeliner 1 were included; a random sample of 100 dispatches was generated. Tape recordings on all verbal prehospital communication between the dispatch center, EMS, and P-HEMS were transcribed and analyzed. Qualitative content analysis was performed, using open coding to code key messages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-two tape recordings were analyzed. The most frequent reason for P-HEMS dispatch was suspicion of brain injury (24%). The cancellation model was followed in 66%, overruled in 9%, and not applicable in 25%. The main reason for not adhering to the model was hemodynamic stability. In 5% of P-HEMS dispatches, a complete ABCD (airway, breathing, circulation, disability) methodology was used for handover, in 9% a complete Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation technique, in 2% a complete Mechanism-Injuries-Signs-Treatment method was used. The other handovers were incomplete.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prehospital handover between EMS on-scene and P-HEMS often entails insufficient information. The cancellation model for P-HEMS is frequently used and promotes adequate information transfer. To increase joined decision-making, more patient and situational information needs to be handed over. Standardization of prehospital trauma handovers will facilitate this and improve trauma patient's outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annelieke Maria Karien
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harmsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Slotervaart Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannakopoulos
authors.affiliation: Security Region North Holland North, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesiology, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gaby
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franschman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Christiaans
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bloemers
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances; D000401:Aircraft; D000552:Ambulances; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D000071820:Emergency Medical Dispatch; D004631:Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands; D062209:Patient Handoff / Q000592:standards*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012015:Reference Standards; D013637:Tape Recording / Q000592:standards; D014218:Triage / Q000592:standards
keywords: Emergency Medical Services; ambulances; communication; helicopter; prehospital; trauma