title: Non-ablative radiofrequency associated or not with low-level laser therapy on the treatment of facial wrinkles in adult women: A randomized single-blind clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Non-ablative Radiofrequency (RF) associated or not with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on aspect of facial wrinkles among adult women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six participants were randomized into three groups: Control Group (CG, n = 15), RF Group (RG, n = 16), and RF and LLLT Group (RLG, n = 15). Every participant was evaluated on baseline (T0), after eight weeks (T8) and eight weeks after the completion of treatment (follow-up). They were photographed in order to classify nasolabial folds and periorbital wrinkles (Modified Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Scale and Fitzpatrick Wrinkle Classification System, respectively) and improvement on appearance (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale). Photograph analyses were performed by 3 blinded evaluators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classification of nasolabial and periorbital wrinkles did not show any significant difference between groups. Aesthetic appearance indicated a significant improvement for nasolabial folds on the right side of face immediately after treatment (p = 0.018) and follow-up (p = 0.029) comparison. RG presented better results than CG on T8 (p = 0.041, ES = -0.49) and on follow-up (p = 0.041, ES = -0.49) and better than RLG on T8 (p = 0.041, ES = -0.49). RLG presented better results than CG on follow-up (p = 0.007, ES = -0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nasolabial folds and periorbital wrinkles did not change throughout the study; however, some aesthetic improvement was observed. LLLT did not potentiate RF treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Santos-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thalita Rodrigues Christovam
authors.initials: TRC
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: a Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Santos-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Gabrielli
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Vassão
authors.affiliation: a Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Santos-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Michele Garcia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Venancio
authors.affiliation: b Bioscience Department , Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Santos-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia Muniz
authors.initials: ACM
authors.lastname: Renno
authors.affiliation: c Department of Human Movement Sciences , Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP) , Santos-SP , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Chaves
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aveiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004954:Esthetics; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D054023:Lasers, Semiconductor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D060052:Nasolabial Fold; D010781:Photography; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D015595:Skin Aging
keywords: Low-level laser therapy; radio waves; rejuvenation; skin aging