title: Synthesis and characterization of a novel scaffold for bone tissue engineering based on Wharton's jelly.
abstract: A composite is a material made of more than one component, and the bond between the components is on a scale larger than the atomic scale. The objective of the present study was to synthesize and perform the structural characterization and biological evaluation of a new biocomposite (BCO) based on a novel combination of an organic and an inorganic phase, for bone tissue engineering applications. The organic phase consisted of Wharton's jelly (WJ), which was obtained from embryonic tissue following a protocol developed by our laboratory. The inorganic phase consisted of bioceramic particles (BC), produced by sintering hydroxyapatite (HA) with β- tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and bioactive glass particles (BG). Each phase of the BCO was fully characterized by SEM, EDS, XRD, and FTIR. Biocompatibility was evaluated in vivo in the tibiae of Wistar rats (n = 40). Histological evaluation was performed at 0, 1, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days. XRD showed the phases corresponding to HA and β-TCP, whereas diffractogram of BG showed it to have an amorphous structure. EDS showed mainly Si and Na, Ca, P in BG, and Ca and P in HA and β-TCP. FTIR identified bonds between the organic and inorganic phases. From a mechanical viewpoint, the composite showed high flexural strength of 40.3 ± 0.8 MPa. The synthesized BCO exhibited adequate biocompatibility as shown by formation of lamellar type bone linked by BG and BC particles. The biomaterial presented here showed excellent mechanical and biocompatibility properties for its potential clinical use. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1034-1045, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Group of Biomaterials for Prostheses, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering School, Buenos Aires University, Av. Paseo Colón 850 (C1063ACV), Argentina.|Laboratory for the Study of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, 2° "A", (C1122AAH), Argentina.|Biomaterials Group, School of Dentistry, National University of Cuyo, Mendoza, General San Martin Park (M5502JMA), Argentina.
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5291-5059
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Group of Biomaterials for Prostheses, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering School, Buenos Aires University, Av. Paseo Colón 850 (C1063ACV), Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Materials Group, Bariloche Atomic Center (GMN-CAB), National Atomic Energy Commission, Av. E. Bustillo 9500, San Carlos de Bariloche, (R8402AGP), Argentina.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Group of Biomaterials for Prostheses, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Engineering School, Buenos Aires University, Av. Paseo Colón 850 (C1063ACV), Argentina.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozols
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Study of Biomaterials, Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Buenos Aires, MT de Alvear 2142, 2° "A", (C1122AAH), Argentina.|National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires (C1122AAH), Argentina.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Olmedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D059631:Wharton Jelly / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: Wharton's jelly; biocomposite; biomaterial; biomimetic material; bone regeneration