title: Array Focal Cortical Stimulation Enhances Motor Function Recovery and Brain Remodeling in a Rat Model of Ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using a new microelectrode array implanted into the cranial window employing a new stimulation protocol, we investigated the effects of the implanted electrode arrays on both motor map plasticity and neural regeneration in a rodent model of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were pretrained on single-pellet retrieval task, then received focal ischemic infarction and microelectrode arrays implantation. Rats in the cortical stimulation (CS) group received daily electrical stimulation (1 hour each day) for 14 days whereas animals in the no stimulation (NS) group did not receive electrical stimulation and only underwent motor mapping. Behavior data and residual electrophysiological mapping on stimulation days 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 were statistically compared. Neural reorganization in pathological with glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein-2 was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats in CS group showed greater increases in reaching accuracy and significantly decreased in motor threshold than rats in NS group. Immunohistochemical study has shown that array focal CS suppressed inflammatory response, and enhanced dendritic sprouting in the peri-infarction cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings support the viability of epidural CS with microelectrode arrays for enhancing motor function after stroke and monitoring the neural reorganization of residual electrophysiological mapping after motor cortex injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: ltbrain126@163.com.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: lichenyan2015@126.com.
authors.forename: Chengyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008839:Microelectrodes; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; C489787:MAP2 protein, rat; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins
keywords: Array focal cortical stimulation; focal cerebral ischemia; motor cortex mapping; neural reorganization