title: Application of response surface methodology to optimize solid-phase microextraction procedure for chromatographic determination of aroma-active monoterpenes in berries.
abstract: Most of scientific papers concern the qualitative or semi-quantitative analysis of aroma-active terpenes in liquid food matrices. Therefore, the procedure based on solid-phase microextraction and two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determination of monoterpenes in fresh berries was developed. The optimal extraction conditions using divinylbenzene-carboxen-polydimethylsiloxane fiber were: temperature of 50°C, extraction time of 26min, equilibrium time of 29min. The developed procedure provides a high recovery (70.8-99.2%), good repeatability (CV<10.4%), high linearity (r>0.9915) and offers practical advantages over currently used methods: reliability of compounds identification, simplicity of extraction and at least one order of magnitude lower detection limits (0.10-0.011μg/L). The method was successfully applied to determine monoterpenes in 27 berry samples of different varieties and 4 berry products. Tukey's test revealed that monoterpenes content is a reliable indicator of fruit maturity and origin. It suggests that the method may be of interest to researchers and food industry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Food Chemistry, Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chmiel
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland. Electronic address: magdalena.kupska@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kupska
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wardencki
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Namieśnik
mesh_terms: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000032:analysis; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis*; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013696:Temperature; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D011145:Polyvinyls; D013729:Terpenes; C445089:poly(dimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene)
keywords: Berries; Blue honeysuckle; Box-Behnken design; Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography; Monoterpenes; Response surface methodology; Solid-phase microextraction; Time-of-flight mass spectrometry