title: Effects of probiotic drop containingLactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium infantis, andLactobacillus reuterion salivaryStreptococcus mutansandLactobacilluslevels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a probiotic drop containingLactobacillus rhamnosus,Bifidobacterium infantis, andLactobacillus reuterion salivary counts ofStreptococcus mutans(SM) andLactobacillus(LB) in children 3-6 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one healthy children were randomly allocated into two parallel blocks in this double-blind, randomized controlled trial (IRCT2014120320202N1) from May to June 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finally 53 participants consumed five drops of placebo (n= 23) or probiotic (n= 30) every night for 2 weeks. Before intervention and 1 day after completion of the intervention, unstimulated salivary samples were collected, and microbiologic evaluations were carried out.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods Wilcoxon signed ranks, Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SM level decreased significantly in probiotic group after intervention (P= 0.045), and there were significant differences in salivary SM counts after intervention between two groups (P= 0.04). In probiotic group, LB counts decreased significantly after intervention (P= 0.048); however, there were no significant differences between two groups (P= 0.216).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of this probiotic drop decreased salivary counts of SM; however, LB counts did not change. In addition, use of the drop in children with higher salivary counts appeared to be more effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam Hajnorouzali
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Najmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhlaghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Talebian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Jaber
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Incubator Center, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Siamak Etzad
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Keyhani
keywords: Drop; Lactobacillus; Streptococcus mutans; probiotic