title: Effective characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis by most probable number (MPN) followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods.
abstract: Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a relevant pathogen involved in gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. In this study, we determined the capacity to combine the most probable number (MPN) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to characterize the most important Salmonella serotypes in raw sewage. A total of 499 isolates were recovered from 27 raw sewage samples and screened using two previously described multiplex PCR methods. From those, 123 isolates were selected based on PCR banding pattern-identical or similar to Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium-and submitted to conventional serotyping. Results showed that both PCR assays correctly serotyped Salmonella Enteritidis, however, they presented ambiguous results for Salmonella Typhimurium identification. These data highlight that MPN and multiplex PCR can be useful methods to describe microbial quality in raw sewage and suggest two new PCR patterns for Salmonella Enteritidis identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. lincohn.zappelini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lincohn
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9470-6500
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zappelini
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Solange
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martone-Rocha
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dropa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Helena
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Matté
authors.affiliation: Center of Enteric Diseases and Special Pathogens Infections, Bacteriology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Monique Ribeiro
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Tiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruna Suellen
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Breternitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Tereza Pepe
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Razzolini
mesh_terms: D060885:Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011336:Probability; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012703:Serotyping
keywords: Enteritidis; Environment; PCR; Serotype; Sewage; Typhimurium