title: Use of dual-energy computed tomography to measure skeletal-wide marrow composition and cancellous bone mineral density.
abstract: Temporal and spatial variations in bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) can be indicative of several pathologies and confound current methods of assessing immediate changes in bone mineral remodeling. We present a novel dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) method to monitor MAT and marrow-corrected volumetric BMD (mcvBMD) throughout the body. Twenty-three cancellous skeletal sites in 20 adult female cadavers aged 40-80 years old were measured using DECT (80 and 140 kVp). vBMD was simultaneous recorded using QCT. MAT was further sampled using MRI. Thirteen lumbar vertebrae were then excised from the MRI-imaged donors and examined by microCT. After MAT correction throughout the skeleton, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between QCT-derived vBMD and DECT-derived mcvBMD results. McvBMD was highly heterogeneous with a maximum at the posterior skull and minimum in the proximal humerus (574 and 0.7 mg/cc, respectively). BV/TV and BMC have a nearly significant correlation with mcvBMD (r = 0.545, p = 0.057 and r = 0.539, p = 0.061, respectively). MAT assessed by DECT showed a significant correlation with MRI MAT results (r = 0.881, p < 0.0001). Both DECT- and MRI-derived MAT had a significant influence on uncorrected vBMD (r = -0.86 and r = -0.818, p ≤ 0.0001, respectively). Conversely, mcvBMD had no correlation with DECT- or MRI-derived MAT (r = 0.261 and r = 0.067). DECT can be used to assess MAT while simultaneously collecting mcvBMD values at each skeletal site. MAT is heterogeneous throughout the skeleton, highly variable, and should be accounted for in longitudinal mcvBMD studies. McvBMD accurately reflects the calcified tissue in cancellous bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arentsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shanley
authors.affiliation: Anatomy Bequest Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.affiliation: Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolan
authors.affiliation: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Magome
authors.affiliation: Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Froelich
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. shui@coh.org.|Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. shui@coh.org.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. shui@coh.org.
authors.forename: Susanta K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1394-3724
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hui
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002102:Cadaver; D000071556:Cancellous Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
keywords: Dual-energy CT; Marrow-corrected bone mineral density; Whole-body imaging