title: A novel native collagen dressing with advantageous properties to promote physiological wound healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic hard-to-heal wounds generate high costs and resource use in western health systems and are the focus of intense efforts to improve healing outcomes. Here, we introduce a novel native collagen (90 %):alginate (10 %) wound dressing and compare it with the established oxidised dressings Method: Matrices were analysed by atomic force microscopy (AMF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunoelectron microscopy for collagen types I, III and V. Viability assays were performed with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) binding was analysed, and the effect of the wound dressings on platelet-derived growth factor B homodimer (PDGF-BB) was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unlike oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen matrix and ovine forestomach matrix (OFM), the three-dimensional structure of the native collagen matrix (NCM) was found to be analogous to intact, native, dermal collagen. Fibroblasts seeded on the NCM showed exponential growth whereas in ORC/collagen matrix or OFM, very low rates of proliferation were observed after 7 days. MMP sequestration was effective and significant in the NCM. In addition, the NCM was able to significantly stabilise PDGF-BB in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesise that the observed microstructure of the NCM allows for an effective binding of MMPs and a stabilisation and protection of growth factors and also promotes the ingrowth of dermal fibroblasts, potentially supporting the re commencement of healing in previously recalcitrant wounds.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This work was supported by BSN Medical, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Jena, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Buhren
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bünemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schrumpf
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Homey
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Frykberg
authors.affiliation: Jobst Vascular Institute, Toledo, OH US.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001458:Bandages; D002417:Cattle; D002470:Cell Survival; D002483:Cellulose, Oxidized / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000378:metabolism; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002483:Cellulose, Oxidized; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D003094:Collagen; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
keywords: chronic wounds; collagen; dressing; extracellular matrix (ECM); fibroblast; wound healing