title: Broccoli sprouts in analgesia - preclinical in vivo studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Broccoli is a rich source of health-promoting glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, minerals and vitamins, which might have potential to alleviate pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the antinociceptive effects of a broccoli sprout aqueous extract (BSE) in experimental models of pain and an opioid mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  the BSE was administered to mice and rats that were subjected to the writhing and formalin tests, respectively. Gastric damage or sedative-like response, as adverse effects observed in anti-inflammatory non-steroidal and opioid analgesic drugs, respectively, were also explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antinociception, but not sedative or gastric injury response, was observed in a significant and dose-dependent manner with the BSE (50-500 mg kg-1, i.p. and 500-2000 mg kg-1, p.o.) in comparison to the control group; these effects resembled those observed with the analgesic tramadol (30 mg kg-1, i.p.) in writhing and formalin assessments. Blockage of opioid receptors by naloxone (1 mg kg-1, i.p.) produced partial inhibition of the antinociceptive effect of the BSE in both assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study gives evidence of the potential activity of broccoli sprouts in pain therapy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, Neuroscience Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Av. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, México, D. F., Mexico. evag@imp.edu.mx and Phytochemistry Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain. dmoreno@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baenas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, Neuroscience Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Av. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, México, D. F., Mexico. evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: María Eva
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Trujano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, Neuroscience Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Av. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, México, D. F., Mexico. evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4667-5949
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guadarrama-Enríquez
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neuropharmacology of Natural Products, Neuroscience Research Department, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente", Av. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. Sn Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, México, D. F., Mexico. evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pellicer
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain. dmoreno@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Viguera
authors.affiliation: Phytochemistry Lab, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain. dmoreno@cebas.csic.es.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001937:Brassica / Q000737:chemistry*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D010936:Plant Extracts