title: Quantitative analysis of the major linkage region tetrasaccharides in heparin.
abstract: Heparin is a polysaccharide based anticoagulant drug composed of a complex mixture of glycosaminoglycan chains and peptidoglycosaminoglycan chains. In an effort to better characterize this important polysaccharide based drug, we examined the peptide components of the minor peptidoglycosaminoglycan chains comprising heparin. Three different the glycan-peptide linkage regions tetrasaccharide fragments were isolated from pharmaceutical heparin using heparin lyase II and characterized the structure of these tetrasaccharides using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. A sensitive and quantitative assay was developed for these linkage regions using multiple reaction-monitoring tandem mass spectrometry. These three different linkage regions were found in heparins coming from porcine intestine and bovine lung. Two of these were also present in the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin.
authors.affiliation: College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China; Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Electronic address: cheny40@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Kalib
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: St Ange
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biology, Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA. Electronic address: linhar@rpi.edu.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants; D002417:Cattle; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D006493:Heparin
keywords: Heparin linkage region; Mass spectrometry; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Oxidized serine; Peptidoglycosaminoglycan; Structural characterization