title: Desflurane inhalation before ischemia increases ischemia-reperfusion-induced vascular leakage in isolated rabbit lungs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoflurane and sevoflurane protect lungs with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. We examined the influence of desflurane on IR lung injury using isolated rabbit lungs perfused with a physiological salt solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The isolated lungs were divided into three groups: IR, desflurane-treated ischemia-reperfusion (DES-IR), and ventilation/perfusion-continued control (Cont) groups (n = 6 per group). In the DES-IR group, inhalation of desflurane at 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was conducted in a stable 30-min phase. In the IR and DES-IR groups, ventilation/perfusion was stopped for 75 min after the stable phase. Subsequently, they were resumed. Each lung was placed on a balance, and weighed. Weight changes were measured serially throughout this experiment. The coefficient of filtration (Kfc) was determined immediately before ischemia and 60 min after reperfusion. Furthermore, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected from the right bronchus at the completion of the experiment. After the completion of the experiment, the left lung was dried, and the lung wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D) was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Kfcvalues at 60 min after perfusion were 0.40 ± 0.13 ml/min/mmHg/100 g in the DES-IR group, 0.26 ± 0.07 ml/min/mmHg/100 g in the IR group, and 0.22 ± 0.08 (mean ± SD) ml/mmHg/100 g in the Cont group. In the DES-IR group, the Kfcat 60 min after the start of reperfusion was significantly higher than in the other groups. In the DES-IR group, W/D was significantly higher than in the Cont group. In the DES-IR group, the BALF concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites were significantly higher than in the other groups. In the DES-IR group, the total amount of vascular endothelial growth factor in BALF was significantly higher than in the Cont group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pre-inhalation of desflurane at 1 MAC exacerbates pulmonary IR injury in isolated/perfused rabbit lungs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mochida
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakasone
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsaku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Division of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inagaki
keywords: Coefficient of filtration; Desflurane; Ischemia–reperfusion injury; Isolated rabbit lungs