title: Effect of HIV Antibody VRC01 on Viral Rebound after Treatment Interruption.
abstract: The discovery of potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has made passive immunization a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. We sought to determine whether passive administration of VRC01, a bNAb targeting the HIV CD4-binding site, can safely prevent or delay plasma viral rebound after the discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
  
  
  
  We conducted two open-label trials (AIDS Clinical Trials Group [ACTG] A5340 and National Institutes of Health [NIH] 15-I-0140) of the safety, side-effect profile, pharmacokinetic properties, and antiviral activity of VRC01 in persons with HIV infection who were undergoing interruption of ART.
  
  
  
  A total of 24 participants were enrolled, and one serious alcohol-related adverse event occurred. Viral rebound occurred despite plasma VRC01 concentrations greater than 50 μg per milliliter. The median time to rebound was 4 weeks in the A5340 trial and 5.6 weeks in the NIH trial. Study participants were more likely than historical controls to have viral suppression at week 4 (38% vs. 13%, P=0.04 by a two-sided Fisher's exact test in the A5340 trial; and 80% vs. 13%, P<0.001 by a two-sided Fisher's exact test in the NIH trial) but the difference was not significant at week 8. Analyses of virus populations before ART as well as before and after ART interruption showed that VRC01 exerted pressure on rebounding virus, resulting in restriction of recrudescent viruses and selection for preexisting and emerging antibody neutralization-resistant virus.
  
  
  
  VRC01 slightly delayed plasma viral rebound in the trial participants, as compared with historical controls, but it did not maintain viral suppression by week 8. In the small number of participants enrolled in these trials, no safety concerns were identified with passive immunization with a single bNAb (VRC01). (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; ACTG A5340 and NIH 15-I-0140 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02463227 and NCT02471326 .).
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Katharine J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Bar
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sneller
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: J Shawn
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Justement
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Edgar T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Overton
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: D Brenda
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Salantes
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Seamon
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Scheinfeld
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Gerald H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Learn
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Proschan
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Kreider
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blazkova
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bardsley
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Refsland
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Clarridge
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Nancy B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Tustin
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: KaSaundra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oden
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Sijy J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Dell
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jarocki
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Andrea R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shiakolas
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Randall L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tressler
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Doria-Rose
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Bailer
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ledgerwood
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Edmund V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Capparelli
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Barney S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moir
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Koup
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoxie
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tebas
authors.affiliation: From the University of Pennsylvania (K.J.B., D.B.S., B.S., G.H.L., E.F.K., M.B., J.A.H., P.T.) and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (N.B.T.) - both in Philadelphia; the Laboratory of Immunoregulation (M.C.S., J.S.J., M.E.P., J.B., E.W.R., K.E.C., S.M., A.S.F., T.-W.C.), Biostatistics Research Branch (M.A.P.), Vaccine Research Center (P.J.M., S.J.O., A.R.S., N.A.D.-R., R.T.B., J.E.L., R.M.L., B.S.G., R.A.K., J.R.M.), and Division of AIDS (R.L.T.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, NIH (C.A.S., R.W.K.), Bethesda, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, Silver Spring (K.O.), and Columbus Technologies and Services, Greenbelt (R.L.T.) - all in Maryland; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston (L.J.H.); the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (E.T.O., M.M.); Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Amherst, NY (B.J.); and the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (E.V.C.).
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000080908:Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D065386:Historically Controlled Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000080908:Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral; C578595:VRC01 monoclonal antibody