title: The increasing incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in women in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the trend changes in the histological types of esophageal cancer in a 25-year period in eastern Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched all cases of esophageal cancer from 1990 to 2015 according to their histological diagnosis and sex, grouping the patients in 5-year time periods to evaluate time trends.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 1462 cases of esophageal cancer. In terms of patient make-up, 742 were male and 720 were female. In general, 75.86% of the patients had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 19.56% of the patients had adenocarcinoma (ADC), and the remaining 4.58% patients were found to have other histopathologic disorders. While the SCC to ADC ratio was 1.76 between 1990 and 1994, this rate increased to 8.73 between 2010 and 2014; during these periods, the male to female ratio decreased from 1.43 to 0.86. Between these two periods, statistically significant changes were observed of SCC and the number of female patients (P < 0.001, P = 0.008, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the incidence of esophagus ADC and the number of male patients increased recently in Western countries, the number of female patients and SCC cases increased in our region in the last 25 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eroğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yener
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Altuntaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Betül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gündoğdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ömer
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms; D000077277:Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Esophageal cancer; adenocarcinoma; epidemiology; squamous cell carcinoma