title: Effect of physical training on the recovery of acute exercise, among patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Physical training programs (PTP) have shown several beneficial effects for patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly by increasing survival and quality of life. Physiological response during the effort and recovery phases of an exercise testing, is one of the strongest prognostic markers among patients with CVD. A reasonable mechanism that explains those training effects on survival is through the adaptations seen on heart rate recovery (HRR) and oxygen uptake kinetics at the post-exertional phase (RVO2).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare the HRR and RVO2values before and after a PTP in patients with CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied a cohort of patients included in a cardiac rehabilitation program, whom performed a cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX). Then, risk stratification and an individualized exercise training program were performed. The exercise training program included 20 sessions of aerobic exercise, 30min a day, five times a week, at moderate intensity. Finally, a second CPX was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 215 patients were included. Peak oxygen uptake values rose 2.2±5.2ml/kg/min (p<0.001), HRR increased 1.6±10bpm (p<0.05) and RVO2improved -21±98s (p<0.001). A post-hoc analysis show that the percentage of maximum heart rate remained statistically associated with HRR increment. Furthermore, diabetes and sedentarism were strongly related to RVO2improvement. No correlation between HRR and RVO2was found (R2=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical exercise was associated with a beneficial effect on HRR and RVO2. Nevertheless, both variables were statistically unrelated.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Saldivia
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico. Electronic address: hermes_ilarraza@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hermes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ilarraza-Lomelí
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Rehabilitación Cardiaca, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico.
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bueno
keywords: Cardiac rehabilitation; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Cardiovascular disease; Cinética de recuperación del consumo de oxigeno; Enfermedad cardiovascular; México; Oxygen uptake recovery; Prueba de esfuerzo cardiopulmonar; Recovery heart rate; Recuperación de la frecuencia cardiaca; Rehabilitación cardiaca