title: Preparation and characterization of intelligent starch/PVA films for simultaneous colorimetric indication and antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications.
abstract: We have developed an intelligent starch/poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) film that is capable of monitoring pH changes and inhibiting undesired microbial growth in foods. Starch and PVA polymers in the film were doubly cross-linked by sodium trimetaphosphate and boric acid to improve their water-resistance and mechanical strength. Anthocyanins (ANT) and limonene (LIM) were used to achieve simultaneous colorimetric indication and antimicrobial activity. Firstly, the characterization of surface morphology using SEM confirmed that the starch-PVA-ANT-LIM film possessed a smooth surface. Secondly, the results of the mechanical strength test showed that starch-PVA-ANT-LIM possesses the highest mechanical strength. Additionally, there was a distinguishable change of colors as the film was immersed in solutions of pH ranging from 1.0 to 14.0. Moreover, the film showed excellent antimicrobial activity for three typical undesired microorganisms in foods, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, the film exhibited good color indication and antimicrobial activity on pasteurized milk. The results suggest that the intelligent film reported here shows good capability for both alerting and inhibiting food spoilage.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huiying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, China.
authors.forename: Liyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, China. Electronic address: yuanli@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001234:Aspergillus niger; D001412:Bacillus subtilis; D003124:Colorimetry; D018857:Food Packaging; D008892:Milk; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D013213:Starch / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D013213:Starch
keywords: Antimicrobial packaging; Colorimetric indication; Intelligent food packaging; Real-time quality monitoring; Starch/PVA films