title: Obstructive sleep apnea is the triggering factor for massive hemoptysis : Obstructive sleep apnea and hemoptysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Files of patients who had undergone bronchial arterial embolization due to hemoptysis between 1 December 2009 and 2015 were evaluated and interviews of patients were conducted until 1 June 2016. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), STOP and STOP-BANG surveys were administered. OSA risk was determined with Berlin Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Study group consisted of 53 patients and 58 control subjects. Mean age was 46.94 ± 14.36 and 41.97 ± 12.92 in patient and control group, respectively. Of these patients, seven had re-embolization procedure because of recurrence of hemoptysis. High OSA risk was more common among patients with hemoptysis (24.5%, n = 13) than the control group (8.6%, n = 5) (p = 0.023). Percentage of high risk OSA patients with massive hemoptysis, nonmassive hemoptysis, and control subjects was 29.7% (n = 11), 12.5% (n = 2), and 8.6% (n = 5), respectively (p = 0.022). There were more high OSA risk subjects among patients with idiopathic hemoptysis 44.4% (four out of nine), while 20.5% (nine out of 53) patients with a known etiology had high risk (p = 0.127). The number of patients with high OSA risk was also higher in patients who required a second embolization procedure (four out of seven, 57.1%), while 19.6% of patients without need for re-embolization had high risk (p = 0.031).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OSA is found to be a risk factor for hemoptysis and also may provoke massive hemoptysis. It seems reasonable to consider OSA as an underlying condition in idiopathic hemoptysis. OSA may contribute to embolization failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey. meraluyar1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Meral
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-548X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uyar
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kervancioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taskin-Dogan
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ayten
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Filiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001981:Bronchial Arteries; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Bronchial artery embolization; Hemoptysis; Sleep apnea; Sleep disordered breathing