title: Self-reported problem behavior in young children with and without a DSM-disorder in the general population.
abstract: Problem behavior of young children is generally not assessed with structured child interviews. This paper examined how information about problem behavior, obtained by structured interviews with six-year-old children, relates to DSM-disorders obtained from parents and to treatment referral.
  
  
  
  In a population-based cohort, caregivers of 1084 young children (mean age 6.7 years) were interviewed with the DSM-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule-Young Child version (DISC-YC), and they scored the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Children themselves were interviewed about problem behavior using the semi-structured Berkeley Puppet Interview (BPI). Information regarding treatment referral to mental health services was obtained by parent-reported questionnaire when children were on average eight years old.
  
  
  
  DSM-disorders and CBCL problems in the clinical range were cross-sectionally associated with higher levels of child self-reported problems. Associations were strongest in the externalizing domain (e.g. DISC-YC externalizing disorders with BPI externalizing scores: F(1, 416)=19.39, P<0.001; DISC-YC internalizing disorders with BPI internalizing scores: F(1, 312)=3.75, P=0.054). Moreover, higher BPI internalizing and externalizing problem scores predicted treatment referral two years later.
  
  
  
  We conclude that systematically interviewing preschool and young elementary school-aged children should be an integral part of child assessment. This approach may contribute to a better understanding of child development and may predict future problems.
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Psychology, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ringoot
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pedagogical Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rijlaarsdam
authors.affiliation: Lucertis, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: The Generation R Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: V W V
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Jaddoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.tiemeier@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D010290:Parents; D000066553:Problem Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012650:Self Disclosure; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Assessment; Berkeley Puppet Interview; Children; Externalizing problems; Internalizing problems; Self-report