title: The contribution of the USDA school breakfast and lunch program meals to student daily dietary intake.
abstract: In the United States, the National School Breakfast (SBP) and School Lunch Program (NSLP) meals are provided for free or at a reduced price to eligible children, and are a nutrition safety net for low income children. Consuming both meals could provide 58% of daily intake. This paper evaluates the contribution of SBP and NSLP meals to the dietary intakes of 5-18 year old children participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 2007 through 2012. The participants completed 24-hour dietary recalls. Least-square means and standard errors of the mean for energy and food group intakes for the total day and by school meal, and the percent of daily energy and food groups contributed by school meals were computed by analysis of covariance, with BMI, ethnicity, sex, age and poverty level as covariates. Of the 7800 participating children aged 5-18 years in the entire dataset, 448 consumed both SBP-NSLP meals on a weekday. Almost one-half (47%) of the day's energy intake was provided by the two school meals. For the major food groups, the contribution of school meals ranged from between 40.6% for vegetables to 77.1% for milk. Overall, these results provide important information on contribution of the SBP and NSLP meals to low income children's daily dietary intake.
authors.affiliation: Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, 1100 Bates St., Houston, TX 77030, United States.
authors.forename: Karen Weber
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.affiliation: Senior Biostatistician, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX 77030-2600, United States.
authors.forename: Tzu-An
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Chen
keywords: Children; Contribution of school meals; Dietary intake; NHANES; National School Lunch Program; School Breakfast Program