title: Molecular mechanisms that distinguish TFIID housekeeping from regulatable SAGA promoters.
abstract: An important distinction is frequently made between constitutively expressed housekeeping genes versus regulated genes. Although generally characterized by different DNA elements, chromatin architecture and cofactors, it is not known to what degree promoter classes strictly follow regulatability rules and which molecular mechanisms dictate such differences. We show that SAGA-dominated/TATA-box promoters are more responsive to changes in the amount of activator, even compared to TFIID/TATA-like promoters that depend on the same activator Hsf1. Regulatability is therefore an inherent property of promoter class. Further analyses show that SAGA/TATA-box promoters are more dynamic because TATA-binding protein recruitment through SAGA is susceptible to removal by Mot1. In addition, the nucleosome configuration upon activator depletion shifts on SAGA/TATA-box promoters and seems less amenable to preinitiation complex formation. The results explain the fundamental difference between housekeeping and regulatable genes, revealing an additional facet of combinatorial control: an activator can elicit a different response dependent on core promoter class.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: de Jonge
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eoghan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Duibhir
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lijnzaad
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Leenen
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marian Ja
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Groot Koerkamp
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.|Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kemmeren
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands f.c.p.holstege@prinsesmaximacentrum.nl.|Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frank Cp
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8090-5146
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Holstege
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D020043:Genes, Essential; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D035381:TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; D035362:Transcription Factor TFIID; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C073676:MOT1 protein, S cerevisiae
keywords: SAGA; TFIID; chromatin; gene regulation; transcription