title: Bend it like Beckham! The Ethics of Genetically Testing Children for Athletic Potential.
abstract: The recent boom of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests, aimed at measuring children's athletic potential, is the latest wave in the 'pre-professionalization' of children that has characterized, especially but not exclusively, the USA in the last 15 years or so. In this paper, I analyse the use of DTC genetic tests, sometimes coupled with more traditional methods of 'talent scouting', to assess a child's predisposition to athletic performance. I first discuss the scientific evidence at the basis of these tests, and the parental decision in terms of education, and of investing in the children's future, taken on the basis of the results of the tests. I then discuss how these parental practices impact on the children's right to an open future, and on their developing sense of autonomy. I also consider the meaning and role of sports in childhood, and conclude that the use of DTC genetic tests to measure children's athletic potential should be seen as a 'wake up' call for other problematic parental attitudes aimed at scouting and developing children's talent.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Humanities and Health, 5th floor, East Wing, King's College, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Camporesi
keywords: DTC genetic tests; autonomy; children; open future; practice; pre-professionalization; sports; talent