title: The Role of Glucose Metabolism on Porcine Oocyte Cytoplasmic Maturation and Its Possible Mechanisms.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated the potential role of glucose and pyruvate in the cytoplasmic maturation of porcine oocytes by investigating the effect of glucose and/or pyruvate supplementation, in the presence or absence of 10% porcine follicular fluid (PFF), on meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development. In the absence of 10% PFF, without exogenous addition of glucose and pyruvate, the medium seemed unable to support maturation. In the presence of 10% PFF, the addition of 5.6 mM glucose and/or 2 mM pyruvate during in vitro maturation of cumulus enclosed oocytes increased MII oocyte and blastocyst rates. In contrast, oocytes denuded of cumulus cells were not able to take full advantage of the glucose in the medium, as only pyruvate was able to increase the MII rate and the subsequent early embryo developmental ability. Treatment of cumulus enclosed oocytes undergoing maturation with 200 μM dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a pentose phosphate pathway inhibitor, or 2 μM iodoacetate (IA), a glycolysis inhibitor, significantly reduced GHS, intra-oocyte ATP, maternal gene expression, and MPF activity levels. DHEA was also able to increase ROS and reduce the levels of NADPH. Moreover, blastocysts of the DHEA- or IA-treated groups presented higher apoptosis rates and markedly lower cell proliferation cell rates than those of the non-treated group. In conclusion, our results suggest that oocytes maturing in the presence of 10% PFF can make full use of energy sources through glucose metabolism only when they are accompanied by cumulus cells, and that pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glycolysis promote porcine oocyte cytoplasmic maturation by supplying energy, regulating maternal gene expression, and controlling MPF activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.|Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3490-0755
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Woo
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.|Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Xun
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shun-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hai-Yang
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tian-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.|Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea.
authors.forename: Nam-Hyung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D054885:Cumulus Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008540:Meiosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D005947:Glucose; D019807:Iodoacetic Acid