title: Combined Intestinal and Biliary Stenting in Gastric Outlet and Biliary Obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined intestinal and biliary stenting is one of the effective palliative methods for patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction. This study was to evaluate the effect of combined intestinal and biliary stenting in the palliation of gastric outlet and biliary obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction underwent combined intestinal and biliary stenting. Intestinal stents were implanted by means of endoscopy and X-ray guidance. The subsequent biliary stents were implanted by percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage. The biliary stent pass through the side hole of intestinal stent mesh and its distal segment was located in the lumen of intestinal stent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four intestinal stents and 32 biliary stents for 32 patients were implanted successfully. No lethal complications occurred. The average survival was 164 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combined intestinal and biliary stenting is an effective and safe method for palliation of gastric outlet and biliary obstructions. The short-term results are satisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial hospital affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China, 250021.
authors.forename: Guang Chuan
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial hospital affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China, 250021.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial hospital affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China, 250021.
authors.forename: Tian Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial hospital affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China, 250021.
authors.forename: Fu Li
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Provincial hospital affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China, 250021.
authors.forename: Chun Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Biliary obstruction; Gastric outlet obstruction; Percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage; Stents