title: Rational Concept for Reducing Growth Temperature in Vapor-Liquid-Solid Process of Metal Oxide Nanowires.
abstract: Vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth process of single crystalline metal oxide nanowires has proven the excellent ability to tailor the nanostructures. However, the VLS process of metal oxides in general requires relatively high growth temperatures, which essentially limits the application range. Here we propose a rational concept to reduce the growth temperature in VLS growth process of various metal oxide nanowires. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation theoretically predicts that it is possible to reduce the growth temperature in VLS process of metal oxide nanowires by precisely controlling the vapor flux. This concept is based on the temperature dependent "material flux window" that the appropriate vapor flux for VLS process of nanowire growth decreases with decreasing the growth temperature. Experimentally, we found the applicability of this concept for reducing the growth temperature of VLS processes for various metal oxides including MgO, SnO2, and ZnO. In addition, we show the successful applications of this concept to VLS nanowire growths of metal oxides onto tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) glass and polyimide (PI) substrates, which require relatively low growth temperatures.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Zetao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.affiliation: Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuwei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhuge
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Mickaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boudot
authors.affiliation: Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University , 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagida
keywords: Metal oxide nanowires; low temperature growth; material flux window; temperature dependence; vapor−liquid−solid growth