title: Metoprolol Improves Endothelial Function in Patients with Cardiac Syndrome X.
abstract: Endothelial dysfunction which is manifested by the loss of nitric oxide bioavailability, is an increasingly recognized cause of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) and beta blockers are used for the treatment of this syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of metoprolol, as a beta blocker, on endothelial function in CSX patients. The study included 25 CSX patients (20 female/ 5 male, mean age: 55.36±10.31 years) who received metoprolol (50 mg BID) for one month. In addition, 25 healthy controls (20 female/ 5 male, mean age: 54.32 ±9.27 years) were enrolled. Levels of endothelin-1, E-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in controls and CSX patients were measured, both at the baseline and after the treatment, by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In CSX patients, at the baseline, levels of E-selectin and VCAM-1 were significantly higher than those of the controls. In addition, levels of these biomarkers in CSX patients after the treatment significantly decreased compared to the baseline. In spite of similar tendency, these differences were not significant for endothelin-1. In conclusion, metoprolol therapy improves endothelial function. Thus, it may be a suggested choice for CSX treatment. However, further studies are needed to confirm the clinical significance of metoprolol therapy for CSX patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majidinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences,Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rasmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Khadem Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: MirHossein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seyed-Mohammadzad
authors.affiliation: Nurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. ; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saboory
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirpoor
keywords: Angiography; Cardiac syndrome X; Endothelial function; Metoprolol; Nitric oxide