title: In VivoFlow Cytometry of Circulating Tumor-Associated Exosomes.
abstract: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) demonstrated the potential as prognostic markers of metastatic development. However, the incurable metastasis can already be developed at the time of initial diagnosis with the existing CTC assays. Alternatively, tumor-associated particles (CTPs) including exosomes can be a more valuable prognostic marker because they can be released from the primary tumor long before CTCs and in larger amount. However, little progress has been made in high sensitivity detection of CTPs, especiallyin vivo. We show here thatin vivointegrated photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence flow cytometry (PAFFC) platform can provide the detection of melanoma and breast-cancer-associated single CTPs with endogenously expressed melanin and genetically engineered proteins or exogenous dyes as PA and fluorescent contrast agents. The two-beam, time-of-light PAFFC can measure the sizes of CTCs and CTPs and identify bulk and rolling CTCs and CTC clusters, with no influence on blood flow instability. This technique revealed a higher concentration of CTPs than CTCs at an early cancer stage. Because a single tumor cell can release many CTPs andin vivoPAFFC can examine the whole blood volume, PAFFC diagnostic platform has the potential to dramatically improve (up to 105-fold) the sensitivity of cancer diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4965-4227
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nolan
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarimollaoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Dmitry A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nedosekin
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Azemat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamshidi-Parsian
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Ekaterina I
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1734-3179
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Galanzha
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Rajshekhar A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kore
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3574-2958
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Arkansas Nanomedicine Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir P
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4773-0548
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Zharov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D055354:Exosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000473:pathology*; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D051381:Rats