title: Polyphenol-enriched Vaccinium uliginosum L. fractions reduce retinal damage induced by blue light in A2E-laden ARPE19 cell cultures and mice.
abstract: Polyphenols exert beneficial effects on vision. We hypothesized that polyphenol components of Vaccinium uliginosum L. (V.U.) extract protect retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells against blue light-induced damage. Our aim was to test extracts containing polyphenol components to ascertain effects to reduce damage against blue light in RPEs. We measured the activity in fractions eluted from water, ethanol, and HP20 resin (FH), and found that the FH fraction had the highest beneficial activity. We isolated the individual active compounds from the FH fraction using chromatographic techniques, and found that FH contained flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenyl propanoids, and iridoids. Cell cultures of A2E-laden ARPE-19 exposed to blue light after treatment with V.U. extract fractions and their individual constituents indicated improvement. V uliginosum L extract fractions and constituent compounds significantly reduced A2E photo-oxidation-induced RPE cell death and inhibited intracellular A2E accumulation. Furthermore, Balb/c male mice were exposed to blue light at 10000 lux for 1 h/d for 2 weeks to induce retinal damage. One week after the final blue light exposure, retinal damage evaluated revealed that the outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei count were improved. Histologic examination of murine photoreceptor cells demonstrated that FH, rich in polyphenols, inhibited the loss of outer nuclear layer thickness and nuclei. Our findings suggest that V.U. extract and eluted fractions are a potential source of bioactive compounds that potentially serve a therapeutic approach for age-related macular degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bom-Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Pyo
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences of Pharmacy, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Pharmacy and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: sychoung@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Se-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D039823:Iridoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012160:Retina; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012176:Retinoids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C112040:A2-E (N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine); D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids; D039823:Iridoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012176:Retinoids
keywords: A2E; Age-related macular degeneration; Blue light exposure; HP20 resin; Vaccinium uliginosum L.