title: Simultaneous quantitation of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in milk by a novel enzyme-coupled assay.
abstract: Nicotinamide riboside, the most recently discovered form of vitamin B3, and its phosphorylated form nicotinamide mononucleotide, have been shown to be potent supplements boosting intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels, thus preventing or ameliorating metabolic and mitochondrial diseases in mouse models. Here we report for the first time on the simultaneous quantitation of nicotinamide riboside, nicotinamide mononucleotide and NAD in milk by means of a fluorometric, enzyme-coupled assay. Application of this assay to milk from different species revealed that the three vitamers were present in human and donkey milk, while being selectively distributed in the other milks. Human milk was the richest source of nicotinamide mononucleotide. Overall, the three vitamers accounted for a significant fraction of total vitamin B3 content. Pasteurization did not affect the bovine milk content of nicotinamide riboside, whereas UHT processing fully destroyed the vitamin. In human milk, NAD levels were significantly affected by the lactation time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: s.ummarino@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ummarino
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: m.mozzon@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mozzon
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: f.zamporlini@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zamporlini
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: a.amici@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amici
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: f.mazzola@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzola
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: g.orsomando@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orsomando
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: s.ruggieri@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Silverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona 60131, Italy. Electronic address: n.raffaelli@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raffaelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D057075:Enzyme Assays / Q000379:methods*; D018397:Equidae; D005470:Fluorometry; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry; D009243:NAD / Q000032:analysis*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide / Q000032:analysis*; D061352:Pasteurization; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds
chemical_list: D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C018613:nicotinamide-beta-riboside; D009243:NAD; D009537:Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; D009536:Niacinamide
keywords: Milk; NAD; Nicotinamide mononucleotide; Nicotinamide riboside; Nucleotides; Optical assay; Vitamin B3