title: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Polymorphism Is a Predictor of Smoking Cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation has been known to be associated with drinking behaviors, which are influenced by polymorphisms in genes encoding alcohol metabolizing enzymes. The aim was to evaluate the impact of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, rs671) and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B, rs1229984) polymorphisms together with drinking behaviors on smoking cessation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study with 1137 former smokers and 1775 current smokers without any cancer at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital between 2001 and 2005. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for successful smoking cessation by comparing former smokers (quitters) with current smokers (non-quitters).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Older age, lower amount of cumulative smoking exposure, lower number of cigarettes per day, younger age of smoking initiation, shorter smoking duration, longer time to first cigarette in the morning, and lower amount of drinking among ever drinkers were predictors of smoking cessation. After careful adjustment for age, sex, smoking patterns, and drinking status, the ORs for smoking cessation among subjects with ALDH2 Glu/Lys and Lys/Lys were 1.02 (95% CI 0.84-1.23) and 1.78 (95% CI 1.23-2.58) compared with those with ALDH2 Glu/Glu, respectively Mediation analyses confirmed that the effect of ALDH2 Lys/Lys on smoking cessation was independent by dinking behaviors. No statistically significant association between ADH1B polymorphism and smoking cessation was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our Japanese population, ALDH2 polymorphism predicts smoking cessation, independent by drinking behaviors. Interventions for promoting smoking cessation by ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful in Asian populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We newly show that subjects with ALDH2 Lys/Lys genotype in a functional polymorphism, rs671, are more likely to quit smoking than those with ALDH2 Glu allele in a Japanese population. Our finding suggests that ALDH2 polymorphism may be useful for promoting smoking cessation in those specific populations as East Asian ones with frequent ALDH2 Lys allele carriers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.|Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.|Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.|Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D000074285:Smokers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial