title: Solving Immunology?
abstract: Emergent responses of the immune system result from the integration of molecular and cellular networks over time and across multiple organs. High-content and high-throughput analysis technologies, concomitantly with data-driven and mechanistic modeling, hold promise for the systematic interrogation of these complex pathways. However, connecting genetic variation and molecular mechanisms to individual phenotypes and health outcomes has proven elusive. Gaps remain in data, and disagreements persist about the value of mechanistic modeling for immunology. Here, we present the perspectives that emerged from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) workshop 'Complex Systems Science, Modeling and Immunity' and subsequent discussions regarding the potential synergy of high-throughput data acquisition, data-driven modeling, and mechanistic modeling to define new mechanisms of immunological disease and to accelerate the translation of these insights into therapies.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Immunology, Computational and Systems Biology, Clinical and Translational Science, and Communication Science and Disorders, and McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vodovotz
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Room 7A78, MSC 9828, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; Current address: Molecular Transducers of Physical Activities (MoTrPAC) Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolic Diseases (DEM), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 6707 Democracy Blvd, RM 6074, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, 1015 Life Sciences Circle, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bassaganya-Riera
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hafler
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Institute for Quantitative Biology, and Cancer Institute of NJ, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sontag
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Systems Genomics and Bioinformatics Unit, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Mathematics and Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
authors.forename: Judy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
authors.forename: Steven H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kleinstein
authors.affiliation: Institute for Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, Mission Hall 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, CA 94158-2549, USA.
authors.forename: Atul J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.affiliation: Center on Social Dynamics & Policy, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, Washington DC 20036, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research on Diagnostic Assays, Immunology Institute, Friedman Brain Institute, and Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, Pharmacology, and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address: stuart.sealfon@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Stuart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sealfon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019295:Computational Biology; D003628:Database Management Systems; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007109:Immunity; D018448:Models, Immunological; D049490:Systems Biology; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
keywords: autoimmune disease; conference; mathematical modeling; personalized medicine; translation