title: Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the influence of manual and mechanical glide path on the surface of nickel-titanium rotary instruments in moderately curved root canals: Anin-vivostudy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of manual versus mechanical glide path (GP) on the surface changes of two different nickel-titanium rotary instruments used during root canal therapy in a moderately curved root canal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty systemically healthy controls were selected for the study. Controls were divided randomly into four groups: Group 1: Manual GP followed by RaCe rotary instruments, Group 2: Manual GP followed by HyFlex rotary instruments, Group 3: Mechanical GP followed by RaCe rotary instruments, Group 4: Mechanical GP followed by HyFlex rotary instruments. After access opening, GP was prepared and rotary instruments were used according to manufacturer's instructions. All instruments were evaluated for defects under standard error mean before their use and after a single use. The scorings for the files were given at apical and middle third.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-squared test was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that there is no statistical difference between any of the groups. Irrespective of the GP and rotary files used, more defects were present in the apical third when compared to middle third of the rotary instrument.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that there was no effect of manual or mechanical GP on surface defects of subsequent rotary file system used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Dishant
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kusum
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bashetty
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srirekha
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Archana
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Savitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Oxford Dental College, Hospital and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vijay
keywords: Glide path; nickel-titanium rotary files; scanning electron microscope; surface defects