title: Using a novel PV-Cre rat model to characterize pallidonigral cells and their terminations.
abstract: In the present study, we generated a novel parvalbumin (PV)-Cre rat model and conducted detailed morphological and electrophysiological investigations of axons from PV neurons in globus pallidus (GP). The GP is considered as a relay nucleus in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia (BG). Previous studies have used molecular profiling and projection patterns to demonstrate cellular heterogeneity in the GP; for example, PV-expressing neurons are known to comprise approximately 50% of GP neurons and represent majority of prototypic neurons that project to the subthalamic nucleus and/or output nuclei of BG, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra (SN). The present study aimed to identify the characteristic projection patterns of PV neurons in the GP (PV-GP neurons) and determine whether these neurons target dopaminergic or GABAergic neurons in SN pars compacta (SNc) or reticulata (SNr), respectively. We initially found that (1) 57% of PV neurons co-expressed Lim-homeobox 6, (2) the PV-GP terminals were preferentially distributed in the ventral part of dorsal tier of SNc, (3) PV-GP neurons formed basket-like appositions with the somata of tyrosine hydroxylase, PV, calretinin and cholecystokinin immunoreactive neurons in the SN, and (4) in vitro whole-cell recording during optogenetic photo-stimulation of PV-GP terminals in SNc demonstrated that PV-GP neurons strongly inhibited dopamine neurons via GABAAreceptors. These results suggest that dopamine neurons receive direct focal inputs from PV-GP prototypic neurons. The identification of high-contrast inhibitory systems on dopamine neurons might represent a key step toward understanding the BG function.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoon-Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan.
authors.forename: Fuyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karube
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Systems Neuroscience Section, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, 484-8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Motokazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchigashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Circuitry, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, 610-0394, Japan. ffujiyam@mail.doshisha.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fumino
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fujiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology; D010320:Parvalbumins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055647:Rats, Transgenic; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010320:Parvalbumins; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Basal ganglia; Dopamine neuron; Globus pallidus; Substantia nigra