title: Effects of Simulated Mobile Phone Electromagnetic Radiation on Fertilization and Embryo Development.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of 935-MHz electromagnetic radiation (ER) on fertilization and subsequent embryonic development in mice. Ovulating mice were irradiated at three ER intensities for 4 h/day (d) or 2 h/d for three consecutive days; the ova were then harvested for in vitro fertilization to observe the 6-h fertilization rate (6-FR), 72-h morula rate (72-MR), and 110-h blastula rate (110-BR). Compared with the control group, the 6-FR, 72-MR, and 110-BR were decreased in the low ER intensity group, but the differences were not significant; in the mid- and high-intensity ER groups, 72-MR and 110-BR in the 4 h/d and 2 h/d subgroups were decreased, showing significant differences compared with the control group. Moreover, the comparison between 4 h/d and 2 h/d subgroups showed significant differences. Mid- and high-intensity ER at 935 MHz can reduce the fertilization rate in mice, and reduce the blastulation rate, thus reducing the possibility of embryo implantation.
authors.affiliation: a Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , China.
authors.forename: Zaiqing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: a Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D040421:Cell Phone; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060733:Electromagnetic Radiation; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium
keywords: Cleavage; blastula; electromagnetic radiation; in vitro fertilization