title: Subjective and Objective Measures of Dryness Symptoms in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: Capturing the Discrepancy.
abstract: To develop a novel method for capturing the discrepancy between objective tests and subjective dryness symptoms (a sensitivity scale) and to explore predictors of dryness sensitivity.
  
  
  
  Archive data from the UK Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Registry (n = 688) were used. Patients were classified on a scale from -5 (stoical) to +5 (sensitive) depending on the degree of discrepancy between their objective and subjective symptoms classes. Sensitivity scores were correlated with demographic variables, disease-related factors, and symptoms of pain, fatigue, anxiety, and depression.
  
  
  
  Patients were on average relatively stoical for both types of dryness symptoms (mean ± SD ocular dryness -0.42 ± 2.2 and -1.24 ± 1.6 oral dryness). Twenty-seven percent of patients were classified as sensitive to ocular dryness and 9% to oral dryness. Hierarchical regression analyses identified the strongest predictor of ocular dryness sensitivity to be self-reported pain and that of oral dryness sensitivity to be self-reported fatigue.
  
  
  
  Ocular and oral dryness sensitivity can be classified on a continuous scale. The 2 symptom types are predicted by different variables. A large number of factors remain to be explored that may impact symptom sensitivity in primary Sjögren's syndrome, and the proposed method could be used to identify relatively sensitive and stoical patients for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Oriana M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Bezzina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hindmarsh
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.affiliation: Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, Wiltshire, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Colin T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Pease
authors.affiliation: Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanyon
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London NHS Trust and Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.affiliation: Barts Health, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nurhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London NHS Trust and Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitzalis
authors.affiliation: Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: NHS Fife, Whyteman's Brae Hospital, Kirkcaldy.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.affiliation: Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester and Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead.
authors.forename: Vadivelu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.affiliation: Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.affiliation: Southend University Hospital, Southend, UK.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.affiliation: Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Young-Min
authors.affiliation: Aintree University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moots
authors.affiliation: Basildon Hospital, Basildon, UK.
authors.forename: Nagui
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gendi
authors.affiliation: Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.affiliation: Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacKay
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine & Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Newcastle University, and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: W Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005221:Fatigue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D014985:Xerophthalmia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology