title: Experimental and Theoretical Evaluations of the Galvanomagnetic Effect in an Individual Bismuth Nanowire.
abstract: The galvanomagnetic effect is evaluated experimentally and theoretically in an individual bismuth nanowire encapsulated within a quartz template. A small section of the side surface of the encapsulated bismuth nanowire is exposed using focused ion beam processing, and a total of six carbon film electrodes are fabricated on the exposed nanowire surface by in situ deposition in order to be able to perform electrical measurements on the nanowire. The results show that the galvanomagnetic effect in the nanowire is affected by carrier collisions at the nanowire boundary; this is particularly the case at low temperatures. The Hall mobilities of electrons and holes are determined based on the measured Hall coefficient and magnetoresistivity values. It is found that the carrier mobility in the bismuth nanowire is lower than that in bulk bismuth and that it plateaus at low temperatures, as predicted by the calculation model used in the study, which takes into account the carrier mean free path limitation imposed by the small diameter of the nanowire.
authors.affiliation: iECO, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0113-162X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: iECO, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University , 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9149-5288
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komine
keywords: Bismuth nanowire; Hall effect; focused ion beam; galvanomagnetic effect; magnetoresistance