title: Geographical characterization by MAE-HPLC and NIR methodologies and carbonic anhydrase inhibition of Saffron components.
abstract: A microwave-assisted extraction method was optimised for the recovery of bioactive compounds from Crocus sativus L. stigmas with the use of water/ethanol mixture. HPLC-DAD was employed to evaluate the extraction parameters, in particular, solvent type and volume, and the duration of the procedure. Microwave-assisted extraction enhanced the recovery of the active principles, limiting extraction time and solvent waste. Moreover, NIR experiments were performed in order to compare spectra in pseudo-absorbance of Saffron samples with different geographical origins through the application of the chemometric techniques. Moreover, the biological evaluation of crocin 1, safranal and its semisynthetic derivatives as selective inhibitors of five isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase was also explored.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: riccardo.nescatelli@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nescatelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carradori
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Caponigro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Monte
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mollica
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", CNR, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mannina
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, 50019 Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceruso
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, 50019 Florence, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Secci
mesh_terms: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D027622:Crocus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000032:analysis; D005843:Geography; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013729:Terpenes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013729:Terpenes; D002338:Carotenoids; C087963:safranal; C029036:crocin; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C087962:picrocrocin
keywords: Crocus sativus L.; Geographical origin; HPLC-DAD; Microwave-assisted extraction; NIR spectroscopy; Principal component analysis; hCA inhibitors