title: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Arrhythmias: Benign Or Early Stage Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia?
abstract: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) are a common and heterogeneous entity. Idiopathic right ventricular arrhythmias (IdioVAs) are generally benign, with excellent ablation outcomes and long-term arrhythmia-free survival, and must be distinguished from other conditions associated with VAs arising from the right ventricle: the differential diagnosis with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia (ARVC/D) is therefore crucial because VAs are one of the most important causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals even with early stage of the disease. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is a current option for the treatment of VAs but important differences must be considered in terms of indication, purposes and procedural strategies in the treatment of the two conditions. In this review, we comprehensively discuss clinical and electrophysiological features, diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in a compared analysis of these two entities.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchetti
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzamiglio
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Ghaliah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: AlMohani
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catto
authors.affiliation: Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA.
authors.forename: Luigi Di
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Biase
authors.affiliation: Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA; Texas Cardiac Arrhytmia Institute at St David's Medical Centre, Austin , TX, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tondo
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbucicchio
keywords: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia; Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Catheter Ablation; Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias; Right Ventricular Outflow Tract; Three-Dimensional Electroanatomical Mapping