title: Fate of radiolabeled C60fullerenes in aged soils.
abstract: Fullerenes (e.g. C60, C70, etc.) present in soil may undergo changes in its retention with aging. In this study, the partitioning behavior of (14C)-C60aged up to 12 weeks was investigated in biosolids-amended soil. Spiked samples were subjected to sequential partitioning using water, methanol, and toluene followed by total combustion of solids; the distribution of14C across solvents and matrices were used to provide insights on C60behavior. In most samples,14C only partitioned in toluene with the remaining (non-extractable) activity detected in the solid phase. In all biosolids-amended soil samples, an increase in non-extractable14C were observed for those exposed to light (vs dark) with the greatest difference observed in biosolids + sand samples. Possible processes that contribute to the observed14C distribution, i.e. retention and potential transformation of C60,were discussed. Over-all, results suggest that environmental exposure to C60and potentially transformed C60species, as a result of their release from soils, is likely to be low.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia. Electronic address: divina.navarro@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Divina A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Rai S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kookana
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia; Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond 5064, Australia.
authors.forename: Jason K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kirby
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D037741:Fullerenes; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C069837:fullerene C60
keywords: Carbon nanoparticles; Fullerenes; Partitioning; Soil; Transformation