title: Evaluation of Chemical Composition and Antileishmanial and Antituberculosis Activities of Essential Oils of Piper Species.
abstract: Essential oils from fresh Piperaceae leaves were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a total of 68 components were identified. Principal components analysis results showed a chemical variability between species, with sesquiterpene compounds predominating in the majority of species analyzed. The composition of the essential oil ofPiper moseniiwas described for the first time. The cytotoxicity of the essential oils was evaluated in peritoneal macrophages and the oils ofP. rivinoides,P. arboretum, andP. aduncumexhibited the highest values, with cytotoxic concentration at 50% (CC50) > 200 µg/mL. BothP. diospyrifoliumandP. aduncumdisplayed activity againstLeishmania amazonensis, and were more selective for the parasite than for the macrophages, with a selectivity index (SI) of 2.35 and >5.52, respectively. These SI values were greater than the 1 for the standard drug pentamidine. The antileishmanial activity of the essential oils ofP. diospyrifoliumandP. aduncumwas described for the first time.P. rivinoides, P. cernuum, andP. diospyrifoliumdisplayed moderate activity against theMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv bacillus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 µg/mL. These results are relevant and suggests their potential for therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, further studies are required to explain the exact mechanism of action of these essential oils.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. kazanoli@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karine Zanoli
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Bernuci
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. camila_iwanaga@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Camila Cristina
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. carla.mfernandez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Carla Maria Mariano
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fernadez-Andrade
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. fabi.bruschi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabiana Brusco
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Lorenzetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil. ects@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Eduardo Caio
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Torres-Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil. vsfaioes@ioc.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Viviane Dos Santos
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Faiões
authors.affiliation: Mestrado em Tecnologias Limpas e Mestrado em Promoção da Saúde, UniCesumar, Av. Guerdner, 1610, Jd. Aclimação, Maringá 87050-390, PR, Brazil. jose.goncalves@unicesumar.edu.br.|Instituto Cesumar de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação-ICETI, Av. Guerdner, 1610, Jd. Aclimação, Maringá 87050-390, PR, Brazil. jose.goncalves@unicesumar.edu.br.
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Setor de Ciências Agrárias/Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitaríssimo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 88035-050, PR, Brazil. institutobiointegral@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wanderlei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: do Amaral
authors.affiliation: Setor de Ciências Agrárias/Departamento de Fitotecnia e Fitossanitaríssimo, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba 88035-050, PR, Brazil. cicero@ufpr.br.
authors.forename: Cícero
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deschamps
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. regianebertin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Regiane Bertin de Lima
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Scodro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. rfressatticardoso@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rosilene Fressatti
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. vanessapbaldin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vanessa Pietrowski
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Baldin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil. dagcortez@uem.br.|Instituto Cesumar de Ciências, Tecnologia e Inovação-ICETI, Av. Guerdner, 1610, Jd. Aclimação, Maringá 87050-390, PR, Brazil. dagcortez@uem.br.
authors.forename: Diógenes Aparício Garcia
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cortez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D031701:Piper / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010938:Plant Oils
keywords: GC–MS; Leishmania amazonensis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Piperaceae; essential oil