title: Bleeding on probing around dental implants: a retrospective study of associated factors.
abstract: To (i) identify factors associated with the probability of a peri-implant site to be positive to bleeding on probing (BoP+) and (ii) compare BoP+ probability around dental implants and contra-lateral teeth.
  
  
  
  In 112 patients, data related to 1725 peri-implant sites and 1020 contra-lateral dental sites were retrospectively obtained. To analyse the association between patient-, implant- and site-related factors and BoP+ probability, a logistic, three-level model was built with BoP as the binary outcome variable (+/-).
  
  
  
  BoP+ probability for a peri-implant site with probing depth (PD) of 4 mm was 27%, and the odds ratio increased by 1.6 for each 1-mm increment in PD (p < 0.001). Also, BoP+ probability was higher in females compared to males (OR = 1.61; p = 0.048), and lower at posterior compared to anterior dental implants (OR = 0.55; p < 0.01). No significant difference in BoP+ probability was observed between peri-implant and contra-lateral dental sites when controlling for the difference in PD.
  
  
  
  The probability of a peri-implant site to bleed upon probing is (i) associated with PD, implant position and gender, and (ii) similar to that observed at contra-lateral dental sites when controlling for the effect of PD.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.|Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4621-7809
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazzioli
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3610-6574
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.|Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trombelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: dental implants; gingival haemorrhage; gingival pocket; inflammation; periodontal pocket