title: Burkholderia humptydooensis sp. nov., a New Species Related to Burkholderia thailandensis and the Fifth Member of the Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex.
abstract: During routine screening forBurkholderia pseudomalleifrom water wells in northern Australia in areas where it is endemic, Gram-negative bacteria (strains MSMB43T, MSMB121, and MSMB122) with a similar morphology and biochemical pattern toB. pseudomalleiandB. thailandensiswere coisolated withB. pseudomalleion Ashdown's selective agar. To determine the exact taxonomic position of these strains and to distinguish them fromB. pseudomalleiandB. thailandensis, they were subjected to a series of phenotypic and molecular analyses. Biochemical and fatty acid methyl ester analysis was unable to distinguishB. humptydooensissp. nov. from closely related species. With matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight analysis, all isolates grouped together in a cluster separate from otherBurkholderiaspp. 16S rRNA andrecAsequence analyses demonstrated phylogenetic placement forB. humptydooensissp. nov. in a novel clade within theB. pseudomalleigroup. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis of the three isolates in comparison with MLST data from 3,340B. pseudomalleistrains and related taxa revealed a new sequence type (ST318). Genome-to-genome distance calculations and the average nucleotide identity of all isolates to bothB. thailandensisandB. pseudomallei, based on whole-genome sequences, also confirmedB. humptydooensissp. nov. as a novelBurkholderiaspecies within theB. pseudomalleicomplex. Molecular analyses clearly demonstrated that strains MSMB43T, MSMB121, and MSMB122 belong to a novelBurkholderiaspecies for which the nameBurkholderia humptydooensissp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain MSMB43T(American Type Culture Collection BAA-2767; Belgian Co-ordinated Collections of Microorganisms LMG 29471; DDBJ accession numbers CP013380 to CP013382).IMPORTANCEBurkholderia pseudomalleiis a soil-dwelling bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. The genusBurkholderiaconsists of a diverse group of species, with the closest relatives ofB. pseudomalleireferred to as theB. pseudomalleicomplex. A proposed novel species,B. humptydooensissp. nov., was isolated from a bore water sample from the Northern Territory in Australia.B. humptydooensissp. nov. is phylogenetically distinct fromB. pseudomalleiand other members of theB. pseudomalleicomplex, making it the fifth member of this important group of bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Apichai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tuanyok
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Carina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Allender
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaestli
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ginther
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Senanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spring-Pearson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Molly C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bollig
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Erik W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Settles
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sidak-Loftis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: Jason W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sahl
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kreutzer
authors.affiliation: Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Georgi
authors.affiliation: Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Jay E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ladner
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lovett
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koroleva
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences, USAMRIID, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, and Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
authors.forename: Bart J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences and The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA Paul.Keim@nau.edu.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0089-5820
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019117:Burkholderia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D019121:Burkholderia Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D016957:Burkholderia pseudomallei / Q000145:classification*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008554:Melioidosis / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing / Q000379:methods; D015876:Northern Territory; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D011938:Rec A Recombinases / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014774:Virulence; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D011938:Rec A Recombinases
keywords: Burkholderia humptydooensis sp. nov.; Burkholderia pseudomallei complex; MSMB43T