title: CD8+ T Lymphocyte Subsets in Bladder Tumor Draining Lymph Nodes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, as essential parts of the adaptive immune system, play pivotal roles in anti-tumor immune responses. It is well documented that cytokine expression profiles and activation status of these cells during anti-tumor immune responses affect the outcome of host-tumor interaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in tumor draining lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with bladder cancer, candidate for radical cystectomy, were recruited. Mononuclear cells were isolated from draining lymph nodes using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, and were activated by PMA/Ionomycin in the presence of Golgi inhibitors. The cells were then permeabilized and stained with appropriate flourochrome conjugated antibodies against CD3, CD8, IFN-γ, IL-17 and IL-4 molecules. Data were collected on a four-color flow cytometer and analyzed by CellQuestPro software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite no difference in the frequency of IL-17 producing CD8+ (Tc17) lymphocytes, the mean expression of IL-17 in this subset was significantly elevated in high-grade patients (p=0.011). The percentage of double positive IFN-γ/IL-17 CD8+ lymphocytes was also significantly increased in node positive patients compared to node negative ones (p=0.046). Our results also demonstrated that the percentage of IFN-γ producing CD8+ (Tc1) lymphocytes was significantly increased in the patients with higher histological grade compared to those with lower ones (p=0.038).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IFN-γ and IL-17 producing CD8+ T cells may increase in advanced stages of bladder cancer, but their correlation with tumor prognosis remains to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Immunology Group, Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Faghih
authors.forename: Saeideh Sadat
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Shobeiri
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ariafar
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarkarian
authors.forename: Shahryar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zeighami
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nazari
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi-Sarvak
authors.forename: Nasrollah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Erfani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines