title: A seepage outlet boundary condition in hemodynamics modeling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models for hemodynamics applications, boundary conditions remain one of the major issues in obtaining accurate fluid flow predictions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As an important part of the arterial circulation, microcirculation plays important roles in many aspects, such as substance exchange, interstitial fluid generation and inverse flow. It is necessary to consider microcirculation in hemodynamics modeling. This is a methodological paper to test and validate a new type of boundary condition never applied to microcirculation before.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to address this issue, we introduce microcirculation as a seepage outlet boundary condition in computational hemodynamics. Microcirculation is treated as a porous medium in this paper. Numerical comparisons of the seepage and traditional boundary conditions are made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that the seepage boundary condition has significant impacts on numerical simulation. Under the seepage boundary condition, the fluctuation range of the pressures progressively rises in the artery zone. The results obtained from the traditional boundary condition show that the pressure fluctuation range gradually falls. In addition, the wall shear stresses under the traditional outlet boundary condition are much higher than those under the seepage outlet boundary condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proposed boundary condition is more suitable in hemodynamics modeling.
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: .
authors.forename: Li-Jian
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D006439:Hemodynamics; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
keywords: artery; hemodynamics; outlet boundary condition; seepage