title: Effects and detection of Nandrosol and ractopamine administration in veal calves.
abstract: The present study describes different effects of the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) nandrolone phenylpropionate (Nandrosol) and the β-agonist ractopamine administration in veal calves, and it investigates different strategies applied to trace these molecules. Morphological changes of gonads and accessory glands attributed to androgen effects, such as testicular atrophy, seminiferous tubule diameter reduction and hyperplasia of prostate epithelium, were detected, although SARMs are not described to cause these lesions. The gene expression analysis showed an anabolic activity of Nandrosol in Longissimus dorsi muscle, where myosin heavy chain (MYH) was significantly up-regulated. An IGF1 increase was weakly significant only in Vastus lateralis muscle. In conclusion, the anatomo-histopathological observations and the MYH mRNA up-regulation in Longissimus dorsi muscle confirm the androgenic treatment in experimental animals. The biosensor assay was not enough sensitive to detect residues in urines and only the direct chemical analysis of urine samples confirmed both β-agonist and SARM treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy. Electronic address: sara.divari@unito.it.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Divari
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berio
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pregel
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sereno
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
authors.forename: Radmila
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pavlovic
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panseri
authors.affiliation: RIKILT - Institute of Food Safety, PO Box 230, NL-6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Toine F H
authors.initials: TFH
authors.lastname: Bovee
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
authors.forename: Bartolomeo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biolatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco (Turin), Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Cannizzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine; D009277:Nandrolone; C008580:nandrolone phenpropionate
keywords: Bioassay; Gene expression; Histopathology; LC-MS/MS; Nandrosol; Ractopamine; SARM; Veal calves