title: Eccentric-Overload Training in Team-Sport Functional Performance: Constant Bilateral Vertical Versus Variable Unilateral Multidirectional Movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of 2 different eccentric-overload training (EOT) programs, using a rotational conical pulley, on functional performance in team-sport players. A traditional movement paradigm (ie, squat) including several sets of 1 bilateral and vertical movement was compared with a novel paradigm including a different exercise in each set of unilateral and multi-directional movements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight amateur or semiprofessional team-sport players were randomly assigned to an EOT program including either the same bilateral vertical (CBV, n = 24) movement (squat) or different unilateral multidirectional (VUMD, n = 24) movements. Training programs consisted of 6 sets of 1 exercise (CBV) or 1 set of 6 exercises (VUMD) × 6-10 repetitions with 3 min of passive recovery between sets and exercises, biweekly for 8 wk. Functional-performance assessment included several change-of-direction (COD) tests, a 25-m linear-sprint test, unilateral multidirectional jumping tests (ie, lateral, horizontal, and vertical), and a bilateral vertical-jump test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within-group analysis showed substantial improvements in all tests in both groups, with VUMD showing more robust adaptations in pooled COD tests and lateral/horizontal jumping, whereas the opposite occurred in CBV respecting linear sprinting and vertical jumping. Between-groups analyses showed substantially better results in lateral jumps (ES = 0.21), left-leg horizontal jump (ES = 0.35), and 10-m COD with right leg (ES = 0.42) in VUMD than in CBV. In contrast, left-leg countermovement jump (ES = 0.26) was possibly better in CBV than in VUMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Eight weeks of EOT induced substantial improvements in functional-performance tests, although the force-vector application may play a key role to develop different and specific functional adaptations.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonzalo-Skok
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tous-Fajardo
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valero-Campo
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berzosa
authors.forename: Ana Vanessa
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Bataller
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arjol-Serrano
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moras
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez-Villanueva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064797:Physical Conditioning, Human / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: conical pulley; force-vector training; resistance training; variable training