title: Characterization and Functional Analysis of Calmodulin and Calmodulin-Like Genes inFragaria vesca.
abstract: Calcium is a universal messenger that is involved in the modulation of diverse developmental and adaptive processes in response to various stimuli. Calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are major calcium sensors in all eukaryotes, and they have been extensively investigated for many years in plants and animals. However, little is known about CaMs and CMLs in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the strawberry genome and identified 4CaMand 36CMLgenes. Bioinformatics analyses, including gene structure, phylogenetic tree, synteny and three-dimensional model assessments, revealed the conservation and divergence ofFvCaMsandFvCMLs, thus providing insight regarding their functions. In addition, the transcript abundance of fourFvCaMgenes and the four most relatedFvCMLgenes were examined in different tissues and in response to multiple stress and hormone treatments. Moreover, we investigated the subcellular localization of several FvCaMs and FvCMLs, revealing their potential interactions based on the localizations and potential functions. Furthermore, overexpression of fiveFvCaMandFvCMLgenes could not induce a hypersensitive response, but four of the five genes could increase resistance toAgrobacterium tumefaciensinNicotiana benthamianaleaves. This study provides evidence for the biological roles ofFvCaMandCMLgenes, and the results lay the foundation for future functional studies of these genes.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Dingyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Jiayue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China.
authors.forename: Zhirong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zou
keywords: bioinformatics analysis; expression profile; strawberry (Fragaria vesca.); subcellular localization; transient assay