title: Using qualitative methods to develop a contextually tailored instrument: Lessons learned.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a population-specific instrument to inform hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) prevention education and intervention based on data and evidence obtained from the targeted population of Khmer mothers reflecting their socio-cultural and health behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) guided the development of a standardized survey interview. Four stages of development and testing of the survey instrument took place in order to inform the quantitative health survey used to collect data in stage five of the project. This article reports only on Stages 1-4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This process created a new quantitative measure of HBV and HPV prevention behavior based on the revised Network Episode Model and informed by the targeted population. The CBPR method facilitated the application and translation of abstract theoretical ideas of HBV and HPV prevention behavior into culturally-relevant words and expressions of Cambodian Americans (CAs).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The design of an instrument development process that accounts for distinctive socio-cultural backgrounds of CA refugee/immigrant women provides a model for use in developing future health surveys that are intended to aid minority-serving health care professionals and researchers as well as targeted minority populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Haeok
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Minjin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: University of San Diego Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Semira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Semino-Asaro
authors.affiliation: Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Ellen
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Colten
authors.affiliation: Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Shirley S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Lowell Public Schools, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Phala
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chea
authors.affiliation: Metta Health Center/Lowell Community Health Center, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sonith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peou
authors.affiliation: Lowell Community Health Center, Lowell, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Dorcas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Grigg-Saito
keywords: Hepatitis B virus; cambodian americans; cognitive interview; human papillomavirus; instrument development; qualitative method; vaccination behavior