title: Prevalence of Sleep Disturbances and Their Associations With Demographic and Clinical Characteristics and Quality of Life in Older Adults in Macao.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating sleep [DIS], difficulty maintaining sleep [DMS], and early morning awakening [EMA]), their socio-demographic and clinical correlates, and quality of life (QOL) in older adults in Macao.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred fifty-one subjects were interviewed using standardized instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of at least one type of sleep disturbance was 38.1%; the figures of DIS, DMS, and EMA were 18.6, 31.3, and 23.9%, respectively. Female sex and depressive symptoms were independently associated with more frequent sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances were independently associated with lower physical QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sleep disturbances are common in older adults in Macao. Appropriate strategies should be implemented to prevent and treat sleep disturbances and concerted attempts should be made to improve access to treatment.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute.|Macao Sino-Portuguese Nurses Association, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Bernice O C Lam
authors.initials: BOCL
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: PhD Student, Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Li-Rong
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Professor, University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre.|School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA.|Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Brent P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Forester
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HFK
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Lecturer, School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Kenny C F
authors.initials: KCF
authors.lastname: Kuok
authors.affiliation: Vice-President, Macao Sino-Portuguese Nurses Association, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008256:Macau / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Depressive symptoms; Macao; older adults; quality of life; sleep disturbance