title: Wnt Ligands Differentially Regulate Toxicity and Translocation of Graphene Oxide through Different Mechanisms in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the possible involvement of Wnt signals in the control of graphene oxide (GO) toxicity using the in vivo assay system of Caenorhabditis elegans. In nematodes, the Wnt ligands, CWN-1, CWN-2, and LIN-44, were found to be involved in the control of GO toxicity. Mutation of cwn-1 or lin-44 gene induced a resistant property to GO toxicity and resulted in the decreased accumulation of GO in the body of nematodes, whereas mutation of cwn-2 gene induces a susceptible property to GO toxicity and an enhanced accumulation of GO in the body of nematodes. Genetic interaction assays demonstrated that mutation of cwn-1 or lin-44 was able to suppress the susceptibility to GO toxicity shown in the cwn-2 mutants. Loss-of-function mutations in all three of these Wnt ligand genes resulted in the resistance of nematodes to GO toxicity. Moreover, the Wnt ligands might differentially regulate the toxicity and translocation of GO through different mechanisms. These findings could be important in understanding the function of Wnt signals in the regulation of toxicity from environmental nanomaterials.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Lingtong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Mingxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Hanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering in Ministry of Education, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009154:Mutation; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051153:Wnt Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C526268:CWN-1 protein, C elegans; C544875:CWN-2 protein, C elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; C117259:Egl-20 protein, C elegans; D006023:Glycoproteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C095991:LIN-44 protein, C elegans; D008024:Ligands; C518000:MOM-2 protein, C elegans; D010087:Oxides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D006108:Graphite