title: Laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer.
abstract: The incidence of esophageal cancer is rapidly increasing especially in developing countries. The major risk factors include unhealthy lifestyle practices such as alcohol consumption, smoking, and chewing tobacco to name a few. Diagnosis at an advanced stage and poor prognosis make esophageal cancer one of the most lethal diseases. These factors have urged further research in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. Animal models not only aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of esophageal cancer but also help in developing therapeutic interventions for the disease. This review throws light on the various recent laboratory animal models for esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: Dhanya Venugopalan
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
authors.forename: A Gopala
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Reddy
keywords: animal model; cancer; esophagus; mice; rat