title: Studying the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on prostate-related parameters: A prospective single institutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the variables associated with prostatic growth including serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, and prostate volume, and to correlate these variables with the duration of diabetes treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study was conducted over 3 months recruiting 501 men aged ≥ 55 years; of whom 207 had type 2 DM. Exclusion criteria were active urinary tract infection, suspicious rectal examination, urologic cancer, end-organ damage, and recent urological manipulations. Serum PSA and serum testosterone were measured. Prostate volume was determined by abdominal ultrasonography using an ellipsoid formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 60.21 ± 5.95 years. The mean PSA, testosterone, and prostate volume for diabetic men were 2.3 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, and 56 g, respectively. The corresponding values for nondiabetic men were 3.5 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, and 51 g, respectively (P= 0.001,P= 0.001,P= 0.03, respectively). The mean PSA density was 0.049 ± 0.043 ng/mL/cm3in diabetics versus 0.080 ± 0.056 ng/mL/cm3in non-diabetics (P< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Type 2 DM is significantly associated with lower serum PSA and testosterone, and larger prostate volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elabbady
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hashad
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kotb
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ali E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ghanem
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Prostate; Prostate volume; Prostate-specific antigen; Testosterone