title: Analysis and deconvolution of dimethylnaphthalene isomers using gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and theoretical computations.
abstract: An issue with most gas chromatographic detectors is their inability to deconvolve coeluting isomers. Dimethylnaphthalenes are a class of compounds that can be particularly difficult to speciate by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis, because of their significant coelution and similar mass spectra. As an alternative, a vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic detector paired with gas chromatography was used to study the systematic deconvolution of mixtures of coeluting isomers of dimethylnaphthalenes. Various ratio combinations of 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 20:80; 10:90; 5:95; and 1:99 were prepared to test the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the detector for distinguishing overlapping isomers that had distinct, but very similar absorption spectra. It was found that, under reasonable injection conditions, all of the pairwise overlapping isomers tested could be deconvoluted up to nearly two orders of magnitude (up to 99:1) in relative abundance. These experimental deconvolution values were in agreement with theoretical covariance calculations performed for two of the dimethylnaphthalene isomers. Covariance calculations estimated high picogram detection limits for a minor isomer coeluting with low to mid-nanogram quantity of a more abundant isomer. Further characterization of the analytes was performed using density functional theory computations to compare theory with experimental measurements. Additionally, gas chromatography - vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy was shown to be able to speciate dimethylnaphthalenes in jet and diesel fuel samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
authors.forename: James X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: VUV Analytics, Inc., Cedar Park, TX 78613, United States.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smuts
authors.affiliation: VUV Analytics, Inc., Cedar Park, TX 78613, United States.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kroll
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States. Electronic address: kschug@uta.edu.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schug
keywords: Coelution; Covariance analysis; Density functional theory; Diesel fuel; Electronic absorption spectra; Jet fuel; Polyaromatic hydrocarbons