title: Identification of Ly2 members as antimicrobial peptides from zebrafish Danio rerio.
abstract: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes caused by overuse of antibiotics leads to urgent demands for novel antibiotics exploration. Our recent data showed that Ly2.1-3 (a novel lymphocyte antigen 6 (Ly6) gene cluster) were proteins with cationic nature and rich in cysteine content, that are characteristic of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their expression were all significantly up-regulated after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These strongly suggested that Ly2.1-3 are potential AMPs, but firm evidence are lacking. Here, we clearly showed that the recombinant proteins of Ly2.1-3 were capable of killing Gram-negative bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila and Escherichia coli, while they had little bactericidal activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis We also showed that recombinant proteins Ly2.1-3 (rLy2.1-3) were able to bind to the Gram-negative bacteria A. hydrophila, E. coli and the microbial signature molecule LPS, but not to the Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and B. subtilis as well as the microbial signature molecule LTA. Moreover, the Scatchard analysis revealed that rLy2.1-3 could specifically bind to LPS. Finally, we found that Ly2.1-3 were not cytotoxic to mammalian cells. All these together indicate that Ly2.1-3 can function as AMPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xuemin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Xuwen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China jamesdong@ouc.edu.cn hongyanli@ouc.edu.cn.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Guangdong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Shicui
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China jamesdong@ouc.edu.cn hongyanli@ouc.edu.cn.|Department of Marine Biology, Laboratory for Evolution and Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000950:Antigens, Ly / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D058849:Protein Refolding; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000950:Antigens, Ly; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
keywords: Antimicrobial peptides; Ly6 gene cluster; zebrafish Danio rerio