title: Adaptation and Validation of the Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) for Use in Spain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) is a patient-reported outcome measure of health-related quality of life and quality of life specific to individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH). This questionnaire has demonstrated superiority over other instruments assessing similar domains. The objective of the present study was to adapt and validate the Spanish version of the questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adaptation consisted of 3 stages: translation from English to Spanish using bilingual and lay panels, cognitive debriefing interviews with patients, and assessment of psychometric properties by means of a postal validation survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The translation panels produced a version of the CAMPHOR that was considered suitable for use by Spanish PH patients. The relevance, comprehensiveness, and acceptability of this version were confirmed in interviews with PH patients. Finally, the validation survey (n = 70) revealed that the 3 CAMPHOR scales (Symptoms, Activities, and Quality of life) showed strong psychometric properties. The internal consistency (Cronbach α) coefficients of the scales were above 0.89, and the test-retest reliability was above 0.87. The convergent and known group validity of the CAMPHOR scales was also demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the CAMPHOR is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of health-related quality of life and quality of life in Spanish PH patients. Therefore, it is recommended for use in future research and clinical practice in the Spanish population of PH patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Asociación Nacional de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: aldo.aguirre.c@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguirre-Camacho
authors.affiliation: Galen Research Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stepanous
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Asociación Nacional de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Aranjuez, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blanco-Donoso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moreno-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Galen Research Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilburn
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Saiz
authors.affiliation: Galen Research Ltd, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: CAMPHOR; Calidad de vida; Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR); Hipertensión pulmonar; Pulmonary hypertension; Quality of life