title: Soil aggregation and aggregating agents as affected by long term contrasting management of an Anthrosol.
abstract: Soil aggregation was studied in a 21-year experiment conducted on an Anthrosol. The soil management regimes consisted of cropland abandonment, bare fallow without vegetation and cropping system. The cropping system was combined with the following nutrient management treatments: control (CONTROL, no nutrient input); nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK); straw plus NPK (SNPK); and manure (M) plus NPK (MNPK). Compared with the CONTROL treatment, the abandonment treatment significantly increased the formation of large soil macroaggregates (>2 mm) and consequently improved the stability of aggregates in the surface soil layer due to enhancement of hyphal length and of soil organic matter content. However, in response to long-term bare fallow treatment aggregate stability was low, as were the levels of aggregating agents. Long term fertilization significantly redistributed macroaggregates; this could be mainly ascribed to soil organic matter contributing to the formation of 0.5-2 mm classes of aggregates and a decrease in the formation of the >2 mm class of aggregates, especially in the MNPK treatment. Overall, hyphae represented a major aggregating agent in both of the systems tested, while soil organic compounds played significantly different roles in stabilizing aggregates in Anthrosol when the cropping system and the soil management regimes were compared.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.|Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agric-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Shulan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agric-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Renjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agric-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Xueyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agric-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shannxi, 712100, China.
authors.forename: Benhua
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Soil and Fertilizer Station, Xian, 710000, China.
authors.forename: Qinghui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li