title: Topical Olive Leaf Extract Improves Healing of Oral Mucositis in Golden Hamsters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral mucositis (OM) is a common side effect of anti-cancer drugs and needs significant attention for its prevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the healing effects of olive leaf extract on 5-fluorouracil-induced OM in golden hamster.
  
  
  METHODS
  OM was induced in 63 male golden hamsters by the combination of 5-fluorouracil injections (days 0, 5 and 10) and the abrasion of the cheek pouch (days 3 and 4). On day 12, hamsters were received topical olive leaf extract ointment, base of ointment, or no treatment (control) for 5 days. Histopathology evaluations, blood examinations, and tissue malondialdehyde level measurement were performed 1, 3 and 5 days after treatments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathology score and tissue malondialdehyde level were significantly lower in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups (p= 0.000). Significant decreases in white blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit , and mean corpuscular volume and an increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were observed in olive leaf extract treated group in comparison with control and base groups (p< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrated that daily application of olive leaf extract ointment had healing effect on 5-fluorouracil induced OM in hamsters. Moreover, the beneficial effect of olive leaf extract on OM might be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduate Student, Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Najmeh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Showraki
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emamghoreishi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Prevention and Treatment of Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andishe-Tadbir
authors.affiliation: Transgenic Technologies Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aram
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Peiman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehriar
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omidi
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Masood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sepehrimanesh
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animals Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koohi-Hosseinabadi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ; Transgenic Technologies Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanideh
keywords:  Anti-inflammatory ;  Antioxidant ;  Olive Leaf ;  Oral Mucositis; 5- fluorouracil 