title: Effects of quercetin and surgicel for preventing adhesions after gynecological surgery: A rat uterine horn model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative pelvic adhesions are significant health care problems causing chronic pelvic pain, infertility and intestinal obstruction after abdominal or pelvic surgery. We investigated the effects of quercetin and Surgicel for the prevention of adhesions after gynecological surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double blind, randomized, controlled experimental study was designed. Forty female Wistar Hannover rats were divided into five groups: control, sham operated, quercetin, Surgicel, and quercetin + Surgicel. The control group received medication used for the surgical procedure only. The sham group received a laparotomy only. The quercetin group received 15 mg/kg quercetin in addition to undergoing the standard surgical procedure, and the injuries in the surgical group were covered with a single, 1 cm2layer of Surgicel (oxidized regenerated cellulose). The quercetin + Surgicel group received both 15 mg/kg quercetin and a single, 1 cm2layer of Surgicel. Adhesions were scored 14 days after the first surgical procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extent, severity, degree, total adhesion, inflammation and fibrosis scores of the control group were significantly higher than those of the quercetin, Surgicel, and quercetin + Surgicel groups. There was no significant difference between the Surgicel and quercetin groups in degree, but all other parameters were significantly higher in the Surgicel than in the quercetin group. The quercetin + Surgicel group had lower adhesion scores than the quercetin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin, Surgicel and quercetin + Surgicel treatment may be useful for preventing pelvic adhesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sakarya University Training and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gürhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Güney
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bakırköy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yıldırım
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine, Van, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hülya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özdemir
authors.affiliation: Zekai Tahir Burak Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Aytekin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tokmak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002483:Cellulose, Oxidized / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002483:Cellulose, Oxidized; C013695:Surgicel; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Focal Adhesions; Inflammation; Pelvic Pain; Quercetin; Surgicel®