title: Curcumin attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption after subarachnoid hemorrhage in mice.
abstract: Early brain injury, one of the most important mechanisms underlying subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), comprises edema formation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Curcumin, an active extract from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, alleviates neuroinflammation by as yet unknown neuroprotective mechanisms. In this study, we examined whether curcumin treatment ameliorates SAH-induced brain edema and BBB permeability changes, as well as the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
  
  
  
  We induced SAH in mice via endovascular perforation, administered curcumin 15 min after surgery and evaluated neurologic scores, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot assay results, and immunohistochemical analysis results 24 h after surgery.
  
  
  
  Curcumin significantly improved neurologic scores and reduced brain water content in treated mice compared with SAH mice. Furthermore, curcumin decreased Evans blue extravasation, matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, and the number of Iba-1-positive microglia in treated mice compared with SAH mice. At last, curcumin treatment increased the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin in treated mice compared with vehicle-treated and sample SAH mice.
  
  
  
  We demonstrated that curcumin inhibits microglial activation and matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, thereby reducing brain edema and attenuating post-SAH BBB disruption in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Jichao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Haitao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Yaxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. Electronic address: jklin@tmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiangkai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Blood-brain barrier; Curcumin; Early brain injury; Subarachnoid hemorrhage