title: Automated algorithm for actinic cheilitis diagnosis by wide-field fluorescence imaging.
abstract: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a disease caused by prolonged and cumulative sun exposure that mostly affects the lower lip, which can progress to a lip squamous cell carcinoma. Routine diagnosis relies on clinician experience and training. We investigated the diagnostic efficacy of wide-field fluorescence imaging coupled to an automated algorithm for AC recognition. Fluorescence images were acquired from 57 patients with confirmed AC and 46 normal volunteers. Three different algorithms were employed: two based on the emission characteristics of local heterogeneity, entropy and intensity range, and one based on the number of objects after K-mean clustering. A classification model was obtained using a fivefold cross correlation algorithm. Sensitivity and specificity rates were 86% and 89.1%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400-Pq. Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos CEP 13566-590, Brazil; Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, Rome 00184, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cosci
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense , Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Estomatologia e Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Rua Doutor Silvio Henrique Braune 22, Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro CEP 28625-650, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ademar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahama
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo , Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400-Pq. Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos CEP 13566-590, Brazil.
authors.forename: Wagner Rafael
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Correr
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense , Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Estomatologia e Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Rua Doutor Silvio Henrique Braune 22, Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro CEP 28625-650, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rebeca Souza
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense , Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Estomatologia e Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Nova Friburgo, Rua Doutor Silvio Henrique Braune 22, Centro, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro CEP 28625-650, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karla Bianca Fernandes da Costa
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Fontes
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo , Instituto de Fisica de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense, 400-Pq. Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos CEP 13566-590, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurachi
keywords: actinic cheilitis; cancer; fluorescence; fotonics; lips; optics; oral; wide-field imaging