title: Multiclonal plastic antibodies for selective aflatoxin extraction from food samples.
abstract: Herein, we focused on developing a new generation of monolithic columns for extracting aflatoxin from real food samples by combining the superior features of molecularly imprinted polymers and cryogels. To accomplish this, we designed multiclonal plastic antibodies through simultaneous imprinting of aflatoxin subtypes B1, B2, G1, and G2. We applied Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrofluorimetry to characterize the materials, and conducted selectivity studies using ochratoxin A and aflatoxin M1 (a metabolite of aflatoxin B1), as well as other aflatoxins, under competitive conditions. We determined optimal aflatoxin extraction conditions in terms of concentration, flow rate, temperature, and embedded particle amount as up to 25ng/mL for each species, 0.43mL/min, 7.0, 30°C, and 200mg, respectively. These multiclonal plastic antibodies showed imprinting efficiencies against ochratoxin A and aflatoxin M1 of 1.84 and 26.39, respectively, even under competitive conditions. Finally, we tested reusability, repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness of columns throughout inter- and intra-column variation studies.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Erkut
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: lokman@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Uzun
authors.affiliation: Anadolu University, Department of Chemistry, Eskişehir, Turkey; Bionkit Ltd. Şti, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rıdvan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Say
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University, Department of Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Adil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denizli
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000032:analysis; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D010969:Plastics; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016607:Aflatoxin M1; D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: Aflatoxin extraction; Cryogels; Food samples; Molecular imprinting; Multiclonal plastic antibodies; Simultaneous imprinting