title: State-of-the-Art Review of Echocardiographic Imaging in the Evaluation and Treatment of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.
abstract: Functional or secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is the most common cause of severe TR in the Western world. The presence of functional TR, either isolated or in combination with left heart disease, is associated with unfavorable natural history. Surgical mortality for isolated tricuspid valve interventions remains higher than for any other single valve surgery, and surgical options for repair do not have consistent long-term durability. In addition, as more patients undergo transcatheter left valve interventions, developing transcatheter solutions for functional TR has gained greater momentum. Numerous transcatheter devices are currently in early clinical trials. All patients require an assessment of valve morphology and function, and transcatheter devices typically require intraprocedural guidance by echocardiography. The following review will describe tricuspid anatomy, define echocardiographic views for evaluating tricuspid valve morphology and function, and discuss imaging requirements for the current transcatheter devices under development for the treatment of functional TR.
authors.affiliation: From the Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY. rth2@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: echocardiography; three-dimensional echocardiography; transcatheter; transesophageal echocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography; tricuspid valve; tricuspid valve insufficiency