title: Modified Lipids and Lipoproteins in Chronic Kidney Disease: A New Class of Uremic Toxins.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an enhanced oxidative stress and deep modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. First, many oxidized lipids accumulate in CKD and were shown to exert toxic effects on cells and tissues. These lipids are known to interfere with many cell functions and to be pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory, especially in the cardiovascular system. Some, like F2-isoprostanes, are directly correlated with CKD progression. Their accumulation, added to their noxious effects, rendered their nomination as uremic toxins credible. Similarly, lipoproteins are deeply altered by CKD modifications, either in their metabolism or composition. These impairments lead to impaired effects of HDL on their normal effectors and may strongly participate in accelerated atherosclerosis and failure of statins in end-stage renal disease patients. This review describes the impact of oxidized lipids and other modifications in the natural history of CKD and its complications. Moreover, this review focuses on the modifications of lipoproteins and their impact on the emergence of cardiovascular diseases in CKD as well as the appropriateness of considering them as actual mediators of uremic toxicity.
authors.affiliation: CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. nans.florens@chu-lyon.fr.|Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France. nans.florens@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Nans
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Florens
authors.affiliation: CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. catherine.calzada@insa-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.affiliation: CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. egor.lyasko@new.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Egor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lyasko
authors.affiliation: CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. laurent.juillard@univ-lyon1.fr.|Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Nephrology, Hôpital E. Herriot, F-69003 Lyon, France. laurent.juillard@univ-lyon1.fr.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juillard
authors.affiliation: CarMeN, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, INSA de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France. christophe.soulage@insa-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Christophe O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Soulage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000633:toxicity*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000633:toxicity*; D014511:Uremia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014118:Toxins, Biological
keywords: lipid; lipoprotein; oxidative stress; uremic toxin