title: Mapping of endoglucanases displayed on yeast cell surface using atomic force microscopy.
abstract: The surface of yeast cells has been an attractive interface for the effective use of cellulose. Surface enzymes, however, are difficult to visualize and evaluate. In this study, two kinds of unique anchoring regions were used to display the cellulase, endoglucanase (EG), on a yeast cell surface. Differences in the display level and the localization of EG were observed by atomic force microscopy. By surveying the yeast cell surface with a chemically modified cantilever, the interactive force between the cellulose and EG was measured. Force curve mapping revealed differences in the display levels and the localization of EG according to anchoring regions. The proposed methodology enables visualization of displayed enzymes such as EG on the yeast cell surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Musashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inokuma
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasunuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan. Electronic address: ochiaki@port.kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002021:Buffers; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000737:chemistry; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D011312:Pressure; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Atomic force microscope; Cell surface display; Endoglucanase; Force curve mapping; Yeast