title: Detection of Metoprolol in Human Biofluids and Pharmaceuticals via Ion-Transfer Voltammetry at the Nanoscopic Liquid/Liquid Interface Array.
abstract: Metoprolol (MTP) is one of the most widely used antihypertensive drugs yet banned to use in sport competition. Therefore, there has been an increasing demand for developing simple, rapid, and sensitive methods suited to the identification and quantification of MTP in human biofluids. In this work, ultrathin silica nanochannel membrane (SNM) with perforated channels was employed to support nanoscale liquid/liquid interface (nano-ITIES) array for investigation of the ion-transfer voltammetric behavior of MTP and for its detection in multiple human biofluids and pharmaceutical formulation. Several potential interfering substances, including small molecules, d-glucose, urea, ascorbic acid, glycine, magnesium chloride, sodium sulfate and large molecules, bovine serum albumin (BSA), were chosen as models of biological interferences to examine their influence on the ion-transfer current signal of MTP. The results confirmed that the steady-state current wave barely changed in the presence of small molecules. Although BSA displayed an apparent blockade on the transfer of MTP, the accurate determination of MTP in multiple human biofluids (i.e., urine, serum and whole blood) and pharmaceutical formulation were still feasible, thanks to the molecular sieving and antifouling abilities of SNM. A limit of detection (LOD) within the physiological level of MTP during therapy could be achieved for all cases, i.e., 0.5 and 1.1 μM for 100 times diluted urine and serum, respectively, and 2.2 μM for 1000 times diluted blood samples. These results demonstrated that the nano-ITIES array behaved as a simplified and integrated detection platform for ionizable drug analysis in complex media.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lisiqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xingyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0115-2279
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000032:analysis*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D013607:Tablets; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D008790:Metoprolol