title: Cellular and humoral biomarkers of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.
abstract: The pathogenesis of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) is multifactorial and the clinical phenotype of BPD is extremely variable. Predicting BPD is difficult, as it is a disease with a clinical operational definition but many clinical phenotypes and endotypes. Most biomarkers studied over the years have low predictive accuracy, and none are currently used in routine clinical care or shown to be useful for predicting longer-term respiratory outcome. Targeted cellular and humoral biomarkers and novel systems biology 'omic' based approaches including genomic and microbiomic analyses are described in this review.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 176F Suite 9380, Women and Infants Center, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249-7335, USA. Electronic address: clal@peds.uab.edu.
authors.forename: Charitharth Vivek
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 176F Suite 9380, Women and Infants Center, 619 South 19th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249-7335, USA. Electronic address: nambalavanan@peds.uab.edu.
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambalavanan
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D064307:Microbiota; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarkers; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Microbiome; Pulmonary hypertension; Systems biology