title: The Microbiome: What Will the Future Hold?
abstract: Current research on the human microbiome has opened our eyes to the intimate relationship that we have with the bacteria that populate our gastrointestinal tract and its potential relationship to health and disease. To date, clinical research on the microbiome has identified intriguing associations between an altered microbiome and disease states, but proven therapeutic applications have been very limited. The ingestion of prebiotics, probiotics, and/or synbiotics is appealing to the general public and has significant commercial value, but as yet, solid evidence for clinical efficacy in liver disease has been lacking due, in large part, to the paucity of high-quality clinical trials. On the other hand, the resounding success of fecal microbiota transplantation inClostridium difficileinfection has opened our eyes to the real potential of "pharmabiotics" and may well provide an intriguing template for the development of novel approaches to modulate the microbiome and its interactions with the host and thereby treat and/or prevent disease states. We will attempt to examine the current state of microbiome therapeutics and predict how these approaches might fit into the management of liver diseases in the future.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Howard Paul
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Monsour
authors.affiliation: Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Eamonn M M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Quigley
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation / Q000639:trends; D005544:Forecasting; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D064307:Microbiota; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D056692:Prebiotics