title: Brain mechanisms of Change in Addictions Treatment: Models, Methods, and Emerging Findings.
abstract: Increased understanding of "how" and "for whom" treatment works at the level of the brain has potential to transform addictions treatment through the development of innovative neuroscience-informed interventions. The 2015 Science of Change meeting bridged the fields of neuroscience and psychotherapy research to identify brain mechanisms of behavior change that are "common" across therapies, and "specific" to distinct behavioral interventions. Conceptual models of brain mechanisms underlying effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, mindfulness interventions, and Motivational Interviewing were discussed. Presentations covered methods for integrating neuroimaging into psychotherapy research, and novel analytic approaches. Effects of heavy substance use on the brain, and recovery of brain functioning with sustained abstinence, which may be facilitated by cognitive training, were reviewed. Neuroimaging provides powerful tools for determining brain mechanisms underlying psychotherapy and medication effects, predicting and monitoring outcomes, developing novel interventions that target specific brain circuits, and identifying for whom an intervention will be effective.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213,.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD,.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noronha
authors.affiliation: Yale University, 950 Campbell Avenue, MIRECC 151D, West Haven, CT 06516, x7403.
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Yale University, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519,.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado at Boulder, Muenzinger Psychology, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309.
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.affiliation: The Mind Research Network, The University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131,.
authors.forename: Vince D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.affiliation: McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 43 Vassar Street, Building 46-4033, Cambridge, MA 02139,.
authors.forename: John D E
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gabrieli
authors.affiliation: Northwell Health, 1010 Northern Blvd, Great Neck, NY 11021.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.affiliation: McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, PO Box 100256, Gainesville, FL 32610.
authors.forename: Sara Jo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nixon
authors.affiliation: Yale University, 34 Park St, New Haven, CT 06519.
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Wexler
authors.affiliation: University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 and Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06515, ; Fax 508-856-1977.
authors.forename: Judson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: University of Texas at Dallas Center for Brain Health, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filbey
authors.affiliation: Duke University, 316 Soc-psych Building, Durham, NC 27708.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Strauman
authors.affiliation: Yale University, 1 Church Street, Suite 701, New Haven, CT 06525.
authors.forename: Hedy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kober
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239.
authors.forename: Sarah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feldstein Ewing
keywords: addictive behaviors; alcohol; neuroimaging psychotherapy; substance use disorder; translational