title: Healing acceleration of oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil with Pistacia atlantica (bene) essential oil in hamsters.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral mucositis is a common debilitating condition in patients with cancer receiving cytotoxic therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical administrations of the essential oil extracted from hull of Pistacia atlantica fruit (bene) on healing of oral mucositis in golden hamsters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty hamsters with oral mucositis induced by 5-fluorouracil administered on days 0, 5 and 10 and buccal mucosal scratching were randomly divided into four equal groups: group 1 received no additional treatment, group 2 received gel base, and groups 3 and 4 received gels containing 5% and 10% oil, respectively. From day 12, after blood sampling of all animals, a half randomly selected fraction of each group (four half groups) received once-daily topical administration of either gel type (gel base, 5% and 10%) or no treatment (control subgroup) over the buccal pouches for 3 days and the remaining halves received the same treatments for 6 days. On each final day 15 and 18, the corresponding subgroups underwent consecutively the repeated blood sampling, mucosal clinical examination and excision for histopathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparisons on macro- and microscopical oral mucositis scorings demonstrated dose-dependent healing promotion in the subgroups receiving active gels (P < 0.05). The blood samplings revealed the chemotherapy-related pancytopenia with no significant difference among all subgroups on either end point (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The healing effect of the bene oil could mainly be local and attributed to its antioxidants and fatty acid contents present in non-saponified and saponified fractions, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell and Transgenic Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.|Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanideh
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-241X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davarmanesh
authors.affiliation: Oral and Dental Health Care Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Azadeh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andisheh-Tadbir
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ranjbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, California, USA.
authors.forename: Peiman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mehriar
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animals Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koohi-Hosseinabadi
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D027927:Pistacia; D012074:Remission Induction; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009822:Oils, Volatile; D005472:Fluorouracil
keywords: chemotherapy; essential oils; hamsters; oral mucositis; pistacias