title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-containing soils from coal gangue stacking areas contribute to epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulation on cancer cell metastasis.
abstract: The total accumulative stockpiles of gangue in China comprise 4.5billion metric tons, and approximately 659million tons of additional gangue are generated per year. Considering the stacking characteristics are highly heterogeneous, the potential cancer risks from the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain elusive. This study aimed to determine whether PAH-containing soil around coal gangue stacking areas poses a potential cancer risk and contributes to cancer cell metastasis. The results indicate that eighteen PAHs, primarily originated from coal gangue, exhibited distance variations from the coal gangues to the downstream villages, and the abandoned colliery posed increased potential carcinogenic risks for humans as a result of long-term stacking of coal gangue. Furthermore, soil samples stimulated HepG2 cell migration and invasion in a PAH-dependent manner, and the action was involved in PPARγ-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) modulation. These findings highlight the potential cancer risk of PAH-containing soil samples around coal gangue stacking areas, and identify important biomarkers underlying the risk and targets preventing the outcomes in polluted areas.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
authors.forename: Huifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaofang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China. Electronic address: sangnan@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sang
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D003031:Coal; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition / Q000187:drug effects*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003031:Coal; D047495:PPAR gamma; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Cancer cell metastasis; Cancer risk; Coal gangue stacking; Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-containing soil