title: The KIT Motion-Language Dataset.
abstract: Linking human motion and natural language is of great interest for the generation of semantic representations of human activities as well as for the generation of robot activities based on natural language input. However, although there have been years of research in this area, no standardized and openly available data set exists to support the development and evaluation of such systems. We, therefore, propose the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Motion-Language Dataset, which is large, open, and extensible. We aggregate data from multiple motion capture databases and include them in our data set using a unified representation that is independent of the capture system or marker set, making it easy to work with the data regardless of its origin. To obtain motion annotations in natural language, we apply a crowd-sourcing approach and a web-based tool that was specifically build for this purpose, the Motion Annotation Tool. We thoroughly document the annotation process itself and discuss gamification methods that we used to keep annotators motivated. We further propose a novel method, perplexity-based selection, which systematically selects motions for further annotation that are either under-represented in our data set or that have erroneous annotations. We show that our method mitigates the two aforementioned problems and ensures a systematic annotation process. We provide an in-depth analysis of the structure and contents of our resulting data set, which, as of October 10, 2016, contains 3911 motions with a total duration of 11.23 hours and 6278 annotations in natural language that contain 52,903 words. We believe this makes our data set an excellent choice that enables more transparent and comparable research in this important area.
authors.affiliation: High Performance Humanoid Technologies (H2T), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR), Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe, Germany .
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plappert
authors.affiliation: High Performance Humanoid Technologies (H2T), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR), Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe, Germany .
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mandery
authors.affiliation: High Performance Humanoid Technologies (H2T), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics (IAR), Department of Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Karlsruhe, Germany .
authors.forename: Tamim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asfour
keywords: crowd sourcing; data set; human motion; machine learning; motion capture; natural language