title: The binding effectiveness of anti-r-disintegrin polyclonal antibodies against disintegrins and PII and PIII metalloproteases: An immunological survey of type A, B and A+B venoms from Mohave rattlesnakes.
abstract: Snake venoms are known to have different venom compositions and toxicity, but differences can also be found within populations of the same species contributing to the complexity of treatment of envenomated victims. One of the first well-documented intraspecies venom variations comes from the Mohave rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus). Initially, three types of venoms were described; type A venom is the most toxic as a result of ~45% Mojave toxin in the venom composition, type B lacks the Mojave toxin but contains over 50% of snake venom metalloproteases (SVMPs). Also, type A+B venom contains a combination of Mojave toxin and SVMP. The use of an anti-disintegrin antibody in a simple Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can be used to identify the difference between the venoms of the type A, B, and A+B Mohave rattlesnakes. This study implements the use of an anti-recombinant disintegrin polyclonal antibody (ARDPA) for the detection of disintegrins and ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteases) in individual crude snake venoms of Mohave rattlesnakes (Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus) of varying geographical locations. After correlation with Western blots, coagulation activity and LD50data, it was determined that the antibody allows for a quick and cost-efficient identification of venom types.
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cantú
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Sahiti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallela
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyguen
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Báez
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parra
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Kyle
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Montamas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suntravat
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lucena
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Ultraestructura, Instituto Anatómico de la Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas 1041, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Acosta
authors.affiliation: National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA. Electronic address: elda.sanchez@tamuk.edu.
authors.forename: Elda E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001130:Arizona; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002140:California; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017839:Crotalus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019483:Disintegrins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D013781:Texas
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D019483:Disintegrins; D009498:Neurotoxins; D045726:Metalloproteases
keywords: Antibodies; Crotalus scutulatus; Disintegrin; ELISA; Venom