title: Golgi apparatus dis- and reorganizations studied with the aid of 2-deoxy-D-glucose and visualized by 3D-electron tomography.
abstract: We studied Golgi apparatus disorganizations and reorganizations in human HepG2 hepatoblastoma cells by using the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and analyzing the changes in Golgi stack architectures by 3D-electron tomography. Golgi stacks remodel in response to 2DG-treatment and are replaced by tubulo-glomerular Golgi bodies, from which mini-Golgi stacks emerge again after removal of 2DG. The Golgi stack changes correlate with the measured ATP-values. Our findings indicate that the classic Golgi stack architecture is impeded, while cells are under the influence of 2DG at constantly low ATP-levels, but the Golgi apparatus is maintained in forms of the Golgi bodies and Golgi stacks can be rebuilt as soon as 2DG is removed. The 3D-electron microscopic results highlight connecting regions that interlink membrane compartments in all phases of Golgi stack reorganizations and show that the compact Golgi bodies mainly consist of continuous intertwined tubules. Connections and continuities point to possible new transport pathways that could substitute for other modes of traffic. The changing architectures visualized in this work reflect Golgi stack dynamics that may be essential for basic cell physiologic and pathologic processes and help to learn, how cells respond to conditions of stress.
authors.affiliation: Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ranftler
authors.affiliation: Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meisslitzer-Ruppitsch
authors.affiliation: Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumüller
authors.affiliation: Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Adolf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ellinger
authors.affiliation: Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstraße 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria. margit.pavelka@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Margit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavelka
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D055032:Electron Microscope Tomography; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose
keywords: 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG); 3D-electron tomography; Golgi apparatus; Golgi dynamics