title: Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a cause of mandibular osteomyelitis in a young woman: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tuberculosis is considered an emerging disease worldwide; in the last 10 years, its incidence has increased to more than 9.6 million cases of active tuberculosis. In 2014, it resulted in 1.5 million patient deaths. However, oral presentation with bone involvement occurs in less than 3% of all reported cases and rarely arouses clinical suspicion on initial presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 15-year-old Mexican girl who had a previous diagnosis of neurofibromatosis presented to our hospital with pain and swelling in the region of the left mandibular body since November 2011. A clinical examination revealed pain in the mandibular region, a mass of soft consistency that seemed to involve bone, and a fistula with discharge of intraoral purulent material. Additionally, tachycardia and hyperthermia were observed. The left submental and submandibular regions had a 12-cm-diameter swelling, which was well-delineated and nonerythematous. The final diagnosis was established by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final diagnosis of rare cases of tuberculous osteomyelitis in the jaw can be established by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lesion. Simple and fast complementary diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction is a fundamental approach to establishing early and effective pharmacological and surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Insurgentes sur 3700, Letra C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tellez-Rodriguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Insurgentes sur 3700, Letra C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rubi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez-Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Insurgentes sur 3700, Letra C, Col. Insurgentes Cuicuilco, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Jurado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1o. de Octubre", Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Mexico City, 07760, Mexico.
authors.forename: Hayde Nallely
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Moreno-Sandoval
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Genómica de Celomados, Grupo de Investiagición en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27, Calle 9, Bucaramanga, 680002, Santander, Colombia.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinez-Perez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1o. de Octubre", Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 1669, Mexico City, 07760, Mexico. jantgonzalez69@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Barrios
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D063168:Mandibular Osteotomy; D063175:Mandibular Reconstruction / Q000379:methods; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014394:Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents
keywords: Case report; Jaw; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Osteomyelitis; Tuberculosis