title: Long-term results after robotically assisted coronary bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Robotically-assisted coronary bypass grafting (CABG) was introduced in 1998 and dedicated centers have continuously applied and developed this minimally invasive method of coronary bypass surgery. While short-term results are relatively well published, data on long-term outcome are limited. In this literature review, we assessed the outcomes after robotic CABG following the first postoperative year.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched PubMed for articles containing the terms "robotic" or "robotically assisted" and "coronary bypass". A total of 11 papers contained long-term results. We specifically investigated survival, graft patency, freedom from angina and re-intervention, as well as freedom from major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five-year survival after robotic CABG was consistently consistently greater than 90% and graft patency between 3 and 5 years was reported to be above 90%. Fifteen percent to 26% of patients re-experienced angina at 3 to 5 years postoperatively. Long-term freedom from re-intervention reached the range and the 5-year freedom from MACCE rate was approximately 75%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to data in the literature, long-term results after CABG carried out with the assistance of a surgical robot appear to be in line with results achieved after conventional CABG.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bonatti
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Jehad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramahi
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Faisal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edris
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartel
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates;; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mihaljevic
keywords: Coronary artery disease; coronary artery bypass grafting; long-term results; robotic surgery