title: Study of Caries Prevalence among Miswak and Non-Miswak Users: A Prospective Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various types of oral hygiene measures have been practiced by different populations around the world, as there is difference in the oral hygiene products including toothpicks and toothpowders. Miswak or tooth cleaning stick, for mechanical tooth cleaning, can be traced back at least to pre-Islamic times. Currently, many of the world populations still use chewing sticks as the single method for tooth brushing. The present study was done to study the incidence and prevalence of caries among Miswak and non-Miswak users.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was done consisting of 120 cases and 120 control group (60 boys and 60 girls in each group) from the secondary school. The materials used were light, explorer, mirror, gloves, upper and lower teeth models, Miswak, and common toothbrush. After the recording of the primary data, Miswak was given to case group and the students were trained to use it on the teeth models. After 2 years, the examination of the teeth was done using the same method as before start of the study and by the same investigators. All the data were recorded, tabulated, and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) statistics version 17 using Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 240 participants, only 211 had continued the study for the total period of time. Out of these, 111 were from the study group and 100 from the control group. On comparison of the decayed-missing-filled (DMF) index scores of the study and control groups, before and after completion of the study, had also shown that the caries index was increased and the difference was found to be statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the study, it can be concluded that the study group using Miswak had less number of caries incidence than the control group of non-Miswak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Miswak can be used as teeth cleaning aid in day-to-day life as it can reduce the caries incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin AbdulAziz University, P.O.Box: 153, AlKharj - 11942 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: 00966115886240, e-mail: ma.mustafa@psau.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam bin AbdulAziz University, AlKharj Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: AlJeaidi
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Wafa Hassan
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: AlAajam
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Kawthar Ahmed
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dafaalla Mohammed
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010510:Periodontal Diseases; D008517:Phytotherapy; D018547:Plant Stems; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012423:Rural Health; D032121:Salvadoraceae; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014504:Urban Health
keywords: Caries prevalence; Miswak; Non-Miswak Tooth-brushing.