title: Characteristics and Frequency of Chipping Effects in Near-Contact Gunshot Wounds.
abstract: The presence of "chipping" or "flaking" around the edges of gunshot entry wounds has been described among the characteristics of gunshot wounds in bone. In this study, the real frequency of such a peculiar feature was investigated. The presence of "chipping" was assessed on 22 gunshot wounds fired at a near-contact range on bovine ribs with 9-mm bullets. As controls, five samples were shot with a 3 cm range, and five from 40 cm. In 77% of cases shot at near-contact range, a detachment of small fragments of the upper layers of bone was detected, mainly with a circumferential disposition, whereas this feature was lacking in control samples. The study demonstrated the frequency of "chipping" and that it may probably be due to a combined ballistic effect of impact of the bullet itself and expansion of gases. It may be thus considered indicative of close-range shots.
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense, Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, V. Mangiagalli 37, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amadasi
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense, Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, V. Mangiagalli 37, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazzarelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brandone
authors.affiliation: LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia ed Odontologia Forense, Istituto di Medicina Legale e delle Assicurazioni, V. Mangiagalli 37, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D044709:Forensic Ballistics; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D012272:Ribs / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
keywords: beveling; bone; chipping; entrance wounds; forensic pathology; forensic science; gunshot wounds