title: Peripheral Inflammatory Markers Contributing to Comorbidities in Autism.
abstract: This study evaluates the contribution of peripheral biomarkers to comorbidities and clinical findings in autism. Seventeen autistic children and age-matched typically developing (AMTD), between three to nine years old were evaluated. The diagnostic followed the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DMS-IV) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) was applied to classify the severity. Cytokine profile was evaluated in plasma using a sandwich type ELISA. Paraclinical events included electroencephalography (EEG) record. Statistical analysis was done to explore significant differences in cytokine profile between autism and AMTD groups and respect clinical and paraclinical parameters. Significant differences were found to IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-12p40, and IL-12p70 cytokines in individuals with autism compared with AMTD (p< 0.05). All autistic patients showed interictalepileptiform activity at EEG, however, only 37.5% suffered epilepsy. There was not a regional focalization of the abnormalities that were detectable with EEG in autistic patients with history of epilepsy. A higher IL-6 level was observed in patients without history of epilepsy with interictalepileptiform activity in the frontal brain region,p< 0.05. In conclusion, peripheral inflammatory markers might be useful as potential biomarkers to predict comorbidities in autism as well as reinforce and aid informed decision-making related to EEG findings in children with Autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Havana University Medical Science, Havana 11300, Cuba. martha@cngen.sld.cu.
authors.forename: Martha Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Inga Jácome
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Department, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. lily@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Lilia Maria
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Morales Chacòn
authors.affiliation: Infant Neurology Clinic, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. verac@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Hector
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vera Cuesta
authors.affiliation: Infant Neurology Clinic, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. maragoto@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maragoto Rizo
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Children Hospital Las Católicas, Calzada del Cerro entre Santa Teresa Y Monasterio, Havana 10200, Cuba. mabel.whilby@infomed.sld.cu.
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whilby Santiesteban
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Children Hospital Las Católicas, Calzada del Cerro entre Santa Teresa Y Monasterio, Havana 10200, Cuba. leya@infomed.sld.cu.
authors.forename: Lesyanis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramos Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Immunology Department, Hospital Clinico Quirúrgico Docente "Joaquin Albarrán", Havana 10600, Cuba. anoris@infomed.sld.cu.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noris García
authors.affiliation: Neurophysiology Department, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. marie@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Maria Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González Fraguela
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Model, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. ivettef@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Caridad Ivette
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Fernandez Verdecia
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Model, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. yvegas@neuro.ciren.cu.
authors.forename: Yamilé
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vegas Hurtado
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, Naples 80138, Italy. taodar@yahoo.it.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siniscalco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil. casg@ufrgs.br.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Immunochemical Department, Technology and Science Division, International Center for Neurological Restoration, Ave 25 # 15805 b/w 158 and 160, Playa, Havana 11300, Cuba. maria.robinson@infomed.sld.cu.
authors.forename: Maria de Los Angeles
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Robinson-Agramonte
keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; EEG; behavior; comorbidities; epilepsy; neuro-inflammation; social interaction