title: Biphasic calcium phosphates bioceramics (HA/TCP): Concept, physicochemical properties and the impact of standardization of study protocols in biomaterials research.
abstract: Biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) bioceramics have become the materials of choice in various orthopedic and maxillofacial bone repair procedures. One of their main advantages is their biodegradation rate that can be modified by changing the proportional ratio of the composition phases. For enhanced bone tissue regeneration, the bioactivity of BCP should be increased by optimizing their physicochemical properties. To date, the ideal physicochemical properties of BCP for bone applications have not been defined. This is mostly related to lack of standard study protocols in biomaterial science especially with regards to their characterizations and clinical applications. In this paper we provided a review on BCP and their physicochemical properties relevant to clinical applications. In addition, we summarized the available literature on their use in animal models and evaluated the influences of different composition ratios on bone healing. Controversies in literature with regards to ideal composition ratio of BCP have also been discussed in detail. We illustrated the discrepancies in study protocols among researchers in animal studies and emphasized the need to develop and follow a set of generally accepted standardized guidelines. Finally; we provided general recommendations for future pre-clinical studies that allow better standardization of study protocols. This will allow better comparison and contrast of newly developed bone substitute biomaterials that help further progress in the field of biomaterial science.
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Electronic address: ebrahimi@hku.hk.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Botelho
authors.affiliation: Kudrinskaja sq. 1-155, Moscow 123242, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dorozhkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C074950:hydroxyapatite-beta tricalcium phosphate
keywords: Bioceramics; Biphasic calcium phosphates; Bone substitutes; Bone tissue engineering; Pre-clinical study; Study protocol