title: In Vivo, Non-Invasive Characterization of Human Bone by Hybrid Broadband (600-1200 nm) Diffuse Optical and Correlation Spectroscopies.
abstract: Non-invasive in vivo diffuse optical characterization of human bone opens a new possibility of diagnosing bone related pathologies. We present an in vivo characterization performed on seventeen healthy subjects at six different superficial bone locations: radius distal, radius proximal, ulna distal, ulna proximal, trochanter and calcaneus. A tailored diffuse optical protocol for high penetration depth combined with the rather superficial nature of considered tissues ensured the effective probing of the bone tissue. Measurements were performed using a broadband system for Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (TRS) to assess mean absorption and reduced scattering spectra in the 600-1200 nm range and Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor microvascular blood flow. Significant variations among tissue constituents were found between different locations; with radius distal rich of collagen, suggesting it as a prominent location for bone related measurements, and calcaneus bone having highest blood flow among the body locations being considered. By using TRS and DCS together, we are able to probe the perfusion and oxygen consumption of the tissue without any contrast agents. Therefore, we predict that these methods will be able to evaluate the impairment of the oxygen metabolism of the bone at the point-of-care.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Sanathana
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0912-1282
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konugolu Venkata Sekar
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagliazzi
authors.affiliation: Lluita contra la Sida Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Eugènia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negredo
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.|Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalla Mora
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farzam
authors.affiliation: Lluita contra la Sida Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.|Statistics and Operations Research Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pérez-Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Lluita contra la Sida Foundation, Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taroni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pifferi
authors.affiliation: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.|Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Durduran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D014457:Ulna / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism