title: Engineered metabarrier as shield from seismic surface waves.
abstract: Resonant metamaterials have been proposed to reflect or redirect elastic waves at different length scales, ranging from thermal vibrations to seismic excitation. However, for seismic excitation, where energy is mostly carried by surface waves, energy reflection and redirection might lead to harming surrounding regions. Here, we propose a seismic metabarrier able to convert seismic Rayleigh waves into shear bulk waves that propagate away from the soil surface. The metabarrier is realized by burying sub-wavelength resonant structures under the soil surface. Each resonant structure consists of a cylindrical mass suspended by elastomeric springs within a concrete case and can be tuned to the resonance frequency of interest. The design allows controlling seismic waves with wavelengths from 10-to-100 m with meter-sized resonant structures. We develop an analytical model based on effective medium theory able to capture the mode conversion mechanism. The model is used to guide the design of metabarriers for varying soil conditions and validated using finite-element simulations. We investigate the shielding performance of a metabarrier in a scaled experimental model and demonstrate that surface ground motion can be reduced up to 50% in frequency regions below 10 Hz, relevant for the protection of buildings and civil infrastructures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.|Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palermo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krödel
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marzani
authors.affiliation: Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Daraio