title: Enhancing the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene nanoemulsion with the inclusion of ε-polylysine.
abstract: The objective of this research was to investigate the synergism between ε-polylysine and d-limonene and develop a novel nanoemulsion system by merging the positive effect of these two antimicrobial agents. Results from the checkerboard method showed that ε-polylysine and d-limonene exhibit strong synergistic and useful additive effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, d-limonene nanoemulsion with the inclusion of ε-polylysine was successfully prepared by high pressure homogenizer technology. Its antimicrobial efficiency was compared with pure d-limonene nanoemulsion by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration, electronic microscope observation and the leakage of the intercellular constituents. The results demonstrated a wide improvement of the antimicrobial activity of d-limonene nanoemulsion following the inclusion of ε-polylysine. Overall, the current study may have a valuable contribution to make in developing a more efficient antimicrobial system in the food industry.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, University of Blida 1, BP 270 Blida, Algeria.
authors.forename: Mohamed Reda
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zahi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry and Biomolecules, University of Blida 1, BP 270 Blida, Algeria.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Hattab
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lianghao@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yuanqp@mail.buct.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qipeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D053138:Cyclohexenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D000077222:Limonene; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D011107:Polylysine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D013729:Terpenes; D011107:Polylysine; D000077222:Limonene
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Nanoemulsion; d-limonene; ε-Polylysine