title: Recent Advances in the Medical Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) historically has had limited treatment options in the metastatic setting but in the last decade, a significant arsenal of new therapies has emerged. Specifically, targeted anti-angiogenic therapies through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition and immunotherapy through PD-1 inhibition have become the foundation of metastatic RCC treatment increasing not only progression-free survival but also an improved overall survival with improved toxicity profiles compared with older therapies such as IL-2 and interferon. With the development of these newer medications, the optimal sequence and pairing of treatments is not yet well understood but important studies are ongoing as this information will allow for more effective and safe treatment of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Olive View UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rekha A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kumbla
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Program and Translational Oncology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Figlin
authors.affiliation: Urologic Oncology Program and Translational Oncology Program, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. Edwin.Posadas@cshs.org.
authors.forename: Edwin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Posadas
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents