title: Regulation of bone remodeling by vitamin K2.
abstract: All living tissues require essential nutrients such as amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, and water. The skeleton requires nutrients for development, maintaining bone mass and density. If the skeletal nutritional requirements are not met, the consequences can be quite severe. In recent years, there has been growing interest in promotion of bone health and inhibition of vascular calcification by vitamin K2. This vitamin regulates bone remodeling, an important process necessary to maintain adult bone. Bone remodeling involves removal of old or damaged bone by osteoclasts and its replacement by new bone formed by osteoblasts. The remodeling process is tightly regulated, when the balance between bone resorption and bone formation shifts to a net bone loss results in the development of osteoporosis in both men and women. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of the effects of vitamin K2 on bone cells and its role in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Myneni
authors.affiliation: Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5907-4691
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D017293:Protein S / Q000378:metabolism; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D017293:Protein S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D000097568:Matrix Gla Protein
keywords: bone remodeling; osteocalcin; osteoporosis; vitamin K2