title: Cyclops lesions detected by MRI are frequent findings after ACL surgical reconstruction but do not impact clinical outcome over 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the impact of cyclops lesions with MRI in patients treated for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears on clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 113 patients (age 29.8 ± 10.5y; 55 females; BMI 24.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2) with complete ACL tear, 3 T-MRI scans were obtained before, 6-months, 1-year (n = 75) and 2-years (n = 33) after ACL reconstruction. Presence and volume of cyclops lesions were assessed. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and differences between time points (∆KOOS) were calculated. Changes of KOOS subscales were compared between patients with and without cyclops lesion. KOOS was also correlated with lesion volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclops lesions were found in 25% (28/113), 27% (20/75) and 33% (11/33) of patients after 6-months, 1- and 2-years, respectively. The lesion volume did not change significantly (P > 0.05) between time points, measuring 0.65 ± 0.59, 0.81 ± 0.70 and 0.72.9 ± 0.96 cm3, respectively. Clinical outcomes based on KOOS subscales were not significantly different in patients with cyclops lesions compared to those without cyclops lesions (each comparison P > 0.05), and no significant associations of clinical outcomes with lesion volume were found (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither presence nor size of cyclops lesions within the first 2-years after ACL surgery were associated with inferior clinical outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Cyclops lesions had a prevalence of 25% in patients after ACL reconstruction. • Subjects with cyclops lesions did not have an inferior clinical outcome. • Cyclops lesions developed within the first 6 months after surgery. • The size of cyclops lesions did not significantly change over a period of 2 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. luca.facchetti@ucsf.edu.|Department of Radiology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy. luca.facchetti@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Facchetti
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Benedikt J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gersing
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.|Department of Radiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Brandao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Guimaraes
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Link
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St, Suite 350, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D059549:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament tear; Clinical outcome; Cyclops lesions; KOOS score; MRI