title: Molecular mechanisms underlying histological and biochemical changes induced by nitrate in rat liver and the efficacy of S-Allylcysteine.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate structural and ultra-structural changes induced by nitrate in rat liver, examine their molecular basis, and evaluate the possible protective role of S-Allylcysteine (SAC). Adult male albino rats were assigned to: control, SAC, nitrate, and nitrate+ SAC groups. Serum ALT and AST were measured. Liver samples were processed for light and electron microscope examinations, biochemical analysis, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemistry of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and Bcl-2. Nitrate induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in rat liver. The underlying mechanisms included nitrosative and oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis that are alleviated by SAC.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Asmaa A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kattaia
authors.affiliation: a Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Samia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Abd El-Baset
authors.affiliation: a Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Eman M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Rehab S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Abdul-Maksou
authors.affiliation: c Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt.
authors.forename: Yara M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Elfakharany
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019610:Cytoprotection; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009566:Nitrates; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; C000617196:Bcl2 protein, rat; D015415:Biomarkers; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C065299:S-allylcysteine; C031618:sodium nitrate; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003545:Cysteine
keywords: Histopathology; S-Allylcysteine; molecular mechanisms; nitrate; rat liver