title: Brainstem and Cranial Nerve Disorders of Ruminants.
abstract: Asymmetrical signs of brainstem disease occur relatively infrequently in ruminants. The most common differential diagnoses include listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome. Although these conditions produce signs of brainstem dysfunction, the diseases can usually be differentiated based on historical findings and subtle clinical differences. Basic laboratory diagnostic tests are often not specific in the definitive diagnosis but may be supportive. Advanced imaging techniques have proven to be useful in the diagnosis of otitis media/interna. Presumptive clinical diagnosis is confirmed at necropsy. Treatment involves a prolonged course of antibiotic therapy but is unrewarding in cases of pituitary abscess syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 2065 West Farm Road, Stillwater, OK 74078-2041, USA. Electronic address: melanie.boileau@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: Mélanie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, 2065 West Farm Road, Stillwater, OK 74078-2041, USA. Electronic address: john.gilliam@okstate.edu.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilliam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D012418:Ruminants; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Brainstem; Cranial nerves; Listeriosis; Otitis media/interna; Pituitary abscess; Ruminant