title: Equine Immunoglobulin and Equine Neutralizing F(ab')₂ Protect Mice from West Nile Virus Infection.
abstract: West Nile virus (WNV) is prevalent in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, West Asia, and North America, and causes epidemic encephalitis. To date, no effective therapy for WNV infection has been developed; therefore, there is urgent need to find an efficient method to prevent WNV disease. In this study, we prepared and evaluated the protective efficacy of immune serum IgG and pepsin-digested F(ab')₂ fragments from horses immunized with the WNV virus-like particles (VLP) expressing the WNV M and E proteins. Immune equine F(ab')₂ fragments and immune horse sera efficiently neutralized WNV infection in tissue culture. The passive transfer of equine immune antibodies significantly accelerated the virus clearance in the spleens and brains of WNV infected mice, and reduced mortality. Thus, equine immunoglobulin or equine neutralizing F(ab')₂ passive immunotherapy is a potential strategy for the prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of patients infected with WNV.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. cjn052015@163.com.|Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. cjn052015@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiannan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. zhaoyongkun1976@126.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. zhaoyongkun1976@126.com.
authors.forename: Yongkun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. wangh25@hotmail.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. wangh25@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Hualei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. zerg1230@163.com.
authors.forename: Boning
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. CC_xiaocao9ye@163.com.
authors.forename: Zengguo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. linglong662222@163.com.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. zhaoyongkun1976@126.com.
authors.forename: Yanbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. yanfeihu62041@126.com.
authors.forename: Feihu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China. jin8616771@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. wgcha@163.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. wgcha@163.com.
authors.forename: Tiecheng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. sunweiyang1987@163.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. sunweiyang1987@163.com.
authors.forename: Weiyang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. fengna0308@126.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. fengna0308@126.com.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. gaoyuwei@gmail.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. gaoyuwei@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. sj-ji@163.com.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. wangyanqun2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanqun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. stanley-perlman@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perlman
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China. zhaojincun@gird.cn.
authors.forename: Jincun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. yst62041@163.com.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. yst62041@163.com.
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Military Veterinary, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China. xiaxzh@cae.cn.
authors.forename: Xianzhu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006736:Horses; D007116:Immunization, Passive / Q000379:methods*; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D013154:Spleen / Q000821:virology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D057134:Antibodies, Neutralizing; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007155:Immunologic Factors
keywords: F(ab′)2 fragments; West Nile virus; equine immunoglobulin; mice