title: Alternative Synthesis Route of Biocompatible Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles and Their Effect on Pathogenic Microorganisms.
abstract: Herein we describe a novel alternative synthesis route of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles using salting-out method at a temperature close to polyvinylpyrrolidone decomposition. At elevated temperatures, the stability of polyvinylpyrrolidone decreases and the opening of pyrrolidone ring fractions occurs. This leads to cross-linking process, where separate units of polyvinylpyrrolidone interact among themselves and rearrange to form nanoparticles. The formation/stability of these nanoparticles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and spectrophotometry. The obtained nanoparticles possess exceptional biocompatibility. No toxicity and genotoxicity was found in normal human prostate epithelium cells (PNT1A) together with their high hemocompatibility. The antimicrobial effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles were tested on bacterial strains isolated from the wounds of patients suffering from hard-to-heal infections. Molecular analysis (qPCR) confirmed that the treatment can induce the regulation of stress-related survival genes. Our results strongly suggest that the polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles have great potential to be developed into a novel antibacterial compound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Milosavljevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavlina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jelinkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jimenez Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moulick
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Yazan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haddad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buchtelova
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krizkova
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Heger
authors.affiliation: Materials Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology , Purkynova 118, Brno CZ-612 00, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalina
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Richtera
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kopel
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno , Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.|Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology , Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vojtech
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8527-286X
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004355:Drug Stability; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D011205:Povidone / Q000737:chemistry*; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011205:Povidone
keywords: antibacterial; cross-linking; polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles; salting-out; toxicity