title: Cardiovascular complications of type 1 diabetes: update on the renal link.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite recent findings of increased life expectancy among individuals with type 1 diabetes, mortality remains greatly increased compared to the general population. As this is largely the result of cardiovascular and renal complications, we aimed to review recent findings surrounding these diseases in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed published findings concerning the cardiovascular complications of type 1 diabetes, with a particular focus on links with renal disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cardiovascular and renal complications of type 1 diabetes share many features including insulin resistance, oxidative damage, and genetic associations with the Haptoglobin genotype, and both are strongly affected by glycemic control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although current knowledge on predictors of type 1 diabetes cardiovascular and renal complications has increased, further investigation is required to understand the mechanisms leading to cardio-renal complications in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Diabetes and Lipid Research Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Trevor J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Orchard
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Diabetes and Lipid Research Clinic, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. costacout@edc.pitt.edu.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-3810
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Costacou
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Haptoglobin genotype; Type 1 diabetes; cardio-renal link; cardiovascular disease; kidney disease