title: DCBRP: a deterministic chain-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a promising area for both researchers and industry because of their various applications The sensor node expends the majority of its energy on communication with other nodes. Therefore, the routing protocol plays an important role in delivering network data while minimizing energy consumption as much as possible. The chain-based routing approach is superior to other approaches. However, chain-based routing protocols still expend substantial energy in the Chain Head (CH) node. In addition, these protocols also have the bottleneck issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel routing protocol which is Deterministic Chain-Based Routing Protocol (DCBRP). DCBRP consists of three mechanisms: Backbone Construction Mechanism, Chain Head Selection (CHS), and the Next Hop Connection Mechanism. The CHS mechanism is presented in detail, and it is evaluated through comparison with the CCM and TSCP using an ns-3 simulator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It show that DCBRP outperforms both CCM and TSCP in terms of end-to-end delay by 19.3 and 65%, respectively, CH energy consumption by 18.3 and 23.0%, respectively, overall energy consumption by 23.7 and 31.4%, respectively, network lifetime by 22 and 38%, respectively, and the energy*delay metric by 44.85 and 77.54%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCBRP can be used in any deterministic node deployment applications, such as smart cities or smart agriculture, to reduce energy depletion and prolong the lifetimes of WSNs.
authors.affiliation: College of Science, Computer Department, University of Karbala, Kerbala, Iraq ; InterNetWorks Research Lab, School of Computing, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah Malaysia.
authors.forename: Haydar Abdulameer
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Marhoon
authors.affiliation: InterNetWorks Research Lab, School of Computing, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah Malaysia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmuddin
authors.affiliation: InterNetWorks Research Lab, School of Computing, College of Arts and Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shahrudin Awang
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nor
keywords: Chain head selection; Deterministic chain-based routing protocol; Wireless sensor network