title: Nuclear transplantation, the conservation of the genome, and prospects for cell replacement.
abstract: Initial nuclear transplantation experiments in Xenopus eggs provided the first evidence for the conservation of the genome after cellular differentiation. This Discovery-in-Context Review recounts the early experiments that led to successful nuclear transfer in amphibians and the establishment of totipotency of a differentiated cell and shows how these discoveries paved the way for similar cloning experiments in other organisms.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK, Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gurdon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics*; D019976:Cloning, Organism / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome; D042822:Genomic Instability; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D051379:Mice; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques / Q000266:history / Q000639:trends*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D013552:Swine; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000235:genetics
keywords: Briggs and King; Dolly the sheep; Michael Fischberg; Xenopus eggs; cell replacement therapy; enucleation of GV; intestinal epithelium; nuclear transplantation; nucleolus organizer; somatic cell nucleus