title: Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Role of Interventional Oncology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major health issue because of its increasing incidence and because of the complexity of its management. In addition to the traditional potentially curative treatments, i.e., liver transplantation and surgical resection, other new and emerging local therapies have been applied with promising results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy (RT) and interstitial treatments, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and irreversible electroporation (IRE), have recently opened new and interesting treatment scenarios for HCC and are associated with promising results in selected patients. Herein, we describe the emerging role of interventional oncology for the treatment of HCC and focus on the different Western and Eastern approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modern RT and modern interstitial therapies, such as RFA, MWA, and IRE, should be considered for inclusion in HCC therapy guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donadon
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solbiati
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Aisling
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.affiliation: Deparments of General Surgery and Multi Organ Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sapisochin
authors.affiliation: Deparments of General Surgery and Multi Organ Transplantation, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Junten-do University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Humanitas University, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torzilli
keywords: IRE for HCC; MWA for HCC; RFA for HCC; Radiotherapy for HCC