title: The impact of airborne particulate matter on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia among children in Jinan, China: A case-crossover study.
abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of short-term changes in the concentration of particulate matter of diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ≤10 µm (PM10) on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in Jinan, China. It explores confoundings factors of weather, season, and chemical pollutants. Information on pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in 2014 was extracted from the database of Jinan Qilu Hospital. The relative risk of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia was assessed using a case-crossover approach, controlling weather variables, day of the week, and seasonality. The single-pollutant model demonstrated that increased risk of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia was significantly associated with elevated PM2.5concentrations the day before hospital admission and elevated PM10concentrations 2 days before hospital admission. An increment of 10 μg/m3in PM2.5and PM10was correlated with a 6% (95% CI 1.02--1.10) and 4% (95% CI 1.00-1.08) rise in number of admissions for pneumonia, respectively. In two pollutant models, PM2.5and PM10remained significant after inclusion of sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide but not carbon monoxide. This study demonstrated that short-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10) may be an important determinant of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in Jinan, China.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated that short-term exposure to atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10) may be an important determinant of pediatric hospital admissions for pneumonia in Jinan, China, and suggested the relevance of pollutant exposure levels and their effects. As a specific group, children are sensitive to airborne particulate matter. This study estimated the short-term effects attribute to other air pollutants to provide references for relevant studies.
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: b PFLMET Experimental Center , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: c Department of Equipment , Jinan Central Hospital , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Environmental Protection of Shandong Province , Jinan City, Shandong Province , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lanzhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tengfei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Control Science and Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric; D006801:Humans; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D014887:Weather
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013458:Sulfur Dioxide; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide