title: Human CD4+T Cell Responses to an Attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine Parallel Those Induced by Natural Infection in Magnitude, HLA Restriction, and Antigen Specificity.
abstract: Dengue virus (DENV) is responsible for growing numbers of infections worldwide and has proven to be a significant challenge for vaccine development. We previously demonstrated that CD8+T cell responses elicited by a dengue live attenuated virus (DLAV) vaccine resemble those observed after natural infection. In this study, we screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from donors vaccinated with a tetravalent DLAV vaccine (TV005) with pools of dengue virus-derived predicted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II binding peptides. The definition of CD4+T cell responses after live vaccination is important because CD4+T cells are known contributors to host immunity, including cytokine production, help for CD8+T and B cells, and direct cytotoxicity against infected cells. While responses to all antigens were observed, DENV-specific CD4+T cells were focused predominantly on the capsid and nonstructural NS3 and NS5 antigens. Importantly, CD4+T cell responses in vaccinees were similar in magnitude and breadth to those after natural infection, recognized the same antigen hierarchy, and had similar profiles of HLA restriction. We conclude that TV005 vaccination has the capacity to elicit CD4+cell responses closely mirroring those observed in a population associated with natural immunity.IMPORTANCEThe development of effective vaccination strategies against dengue virus infection is of high global public health interest. Here we study the CD4 T cell responses elicited by a tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine and show that they resemble responses seen in humans naturally exposed to dengue virus. This is an important issue, since it is likely that optimal immunity induced by a vaccine requires induction of CD4+responses against the same antigens as those recognized as dominant in natural infection. Detailed knowledge of the T cell response may further contribute to the identification of robust correlates of protection against dengue virus.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Angelo
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grifoni
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sidney
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Sinu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.|Genetech Research Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Aruna D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mallal
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine and Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: Sean A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine and Vaccine Testing Center, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
authors.forename: Beth D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Anna P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Durbin
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sette
authors.affiliation: Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA Daniela@lji.org.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiskopf
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003715:Dengue / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D053059:Dengue Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D053059:Dengue Vaccines; D006680:HLA Antigens; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014764:Viral Proteins
keywords: CD4; CD4+ T cell; HLA; MHC; T cells; TV005; dengue virus; live attenuated; live attenuated vaccine; tetravalent; vaccines