title: Evaluation of using the Chinese version of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB) scale in Taiwanese elders.
abstract: Spirituality and spiritual well-being have emerged as important indicators for one's quality of life and health outcomes. Nursing as a profession is concerned with a holistic approach to improve health and overall well-being. To evaluate the outcomes of holistic nursing interventions, using valid and reliable instruments to assess spiritual well-being becomes necessary. There is a lack of instruments for measuring spiritual well-being in Chinese populations. Little has been known about the feasibility of using the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB) in Taiwanese elders. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the uses of the translated Chinese version of the Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB-C) with Taiwanese elders.
  
  
  
  A total of 150 individual who were 65 years old or older and living in southern Taiwan were recruited from a public community center. A four-step procedure was used to translate the English version of the SIWB to the traditional Chinese language. Internal consistency, factor analysis, and correlation coefficient were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SIWB-C.
  
  
  
  The SIWB-C demonstrated a high internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha .95. The construct validity of SIWB-C was supported by factor analysis and by significant correlations with its subscales and the CES-D scale.
  
  
  
  The psychometric analysis indicates that the SIWB-C is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring spiritual well-being. This instrument provides a feasible and valid approach for assessing Taiwanese elders' spiritual well-being in the future.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing and Health, Wright State University-Miami Valley, Dayton, OH, 45435-0001, USA. Electronic address: yi-hui.lee@wright.edu.
authors.forename: Yi-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, R7A 6A9, Canada; Al-Andalus University for Medical Sciences, Tartus, Syria.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D029181:Spirituality; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Elders; Scale development; Spiritual wellbeing; Spirituality