title: Characterisation of electrospun gelatine nanofibres encapsulated with Moringa oleifera bioactive extract.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves have been used as a folk herbal medicine across many cultures since ancient times. This is most probably due to presence of phytochemicals possessing antioxidant properties, which could retard oxidative stress, and their degenerative effect. The current study deals with nanoencapsulation of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf ethanolic extract within fish sourced gelatine matrix using electrospinning technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total phenolic and flavonoid content, radical scavenging (IC50) and metal reducing properties were 67.0 ± 2.5 mg GAE g-1sample 32.0 ± 0.5 mg QE g-1extract, 0.08 ± 0.01 mg mL-1and 510 ± 10 µmol eq Fe(II) g-1extract, respectively. Morphological and spectroscopic analysis of the fibre mats confirmed successful nanoencapsulation of MO extract within defect free nanofibres via electrospinning process. The percentage encapsulation efficiency (EE) was between 80% and 85%. Furthermore, thermal stability of encapsulated fibres, especially at 3% and 5% of core loading content, was significantly improved. Toxicological analysis revealed that the extract in its original and encapsulated form was safe for oral consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the present study showed the potential of ambient temperature electrospinning process as a safe nanoencapsulation method, where MO extract retained its antioxidative capacities. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norziah M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Hani
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Amir E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Torkamani
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohammad H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Azarian
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kamil Wa
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Hawa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ngalim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D057139:Nanofibers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: Moringa oleifera; bioactive extract; electrospinning; nanoencapsulation; nanofibres