title: [Advances in studies of the genes related to thyroid carcinoma].
abstract: Thyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer and its incidence has been increasing globally over the past decades. With the development of the genetic technology, more and more evidences showed that many genes affect the biological behaviors of TC, making sense to early diagnosis, predicting the prognosis and targeted therapy for TC.BRAFmutation is specific to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It can not only predict the prognosis, but also have diagnosis value.RETrearrangements are identified as a specific genetic event in PTC. Though the preoperative detection ofRET/PTCrearrangements has not proven useful in choosing the appropriate surgical management, new medications which are capable of inhibiting RET protein kinase activity may help to therapy the PTCs.RETmutation has specific meaning for detecting familial medullar thyroid carcinoma. ThoughRASmutation can be discovered in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FvPTC), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma (UTC), the relationship between RAS mutation and prognosis remains controversial. P53 can be detected in more invasive variants of PTC, PDTC and UTC. P53 can be used as a prognosis-predictor. Rescuing the function of mutant p53 (mutp53) protein is an attractive anticancer therapeutic strategy. 30%-35% FTC and 37.5% FvPTC havePAX8-PPARγ rearrangement, which can distinguish carcinomas from adenomas in follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. Pioglitazone may have therapeutic efficacy in patients with PPFP-positive TCs. FTC and PTC haveTERTpromoter mutation, usually predicting poor prognosis. Other genes also influence on the biological behavior of TC, having diagnosis value and prognostic significance. Though the gene study about TC develops rapidly, many problems remain unclear. Further studies on TC-related genes are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Thyroid and Neck Tumor, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000235:genetics*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011379:Prognosis; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret / Q000235:genetics; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf