title: Development of a Pediatric Visual Field Test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a pediatric visual field (VF) test based on a computer game where software and hardware combine to provide an enjoyable test experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test software consists of a platform-based computer game presented to the central VF. A storyline was created around the game as was a structure surrounding the computer monitor to enhance patients' experience. The patient is asked to help the central character collect magic coins (stimuli). To collect these coins a series of obstacles need to be overcome. The test was presented on a Sony PVM-2541A monitor calibrated from a central midpoint with a Minolta CS-100 photometer placed at 50 cm. Measurements were performed at 15 locations on the screen and the contrast calculated. Retinal sensitivity was determined by modulating stimulus in size. To test the feasibility of the novel approach 20 patients (4-16 years old) with no history of VF defects were recruited.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the 14 subjects completing the study, 31 ± 15 data points were collected on 1 eye of each patient. Mean background luminance and stimulus contrast were 9.9 ± 0.3 cd/m2and 27.9 ± 0.1 dB, respectively. Sensitivity values obtained were similar to an adult population but variability was considerably higher - 8.3 ± 9.0 dB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary data show the feasibility of a game-based VF test for pediatric use. Although the test was well accepted by the target population, test variability remained very high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Traditional VF tests are not well tolerated by children. This study describes a child-friendly approach to test visual fields in the targeted population.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Faculty of Brain Sciences, Visual Neurosciences, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom ; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Royal Eye Hospital, NHS Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Henson
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Royal Eye Hospital, NHS Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenerty
authors.affiliation: Royal Eye Hospital, NHS Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Susmito
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biswas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Royal Eye Hospital, NHS Central Manchester University Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom ; Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tariq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aslam
keywords: children's vision; glaucoma; perimetry; psychophysics; visual field