title: The positive effect of Botulinum toxin type A on the viability of random flap in tobacco exposed in rats.
abstract: To evaluate the effect of Botulinum Toxin A in different time of tobacco exposure.
  60 male, Wistar rats were divided into two tobacco exposure groups: a 2- month or a 4-month regimen. After this period, these two groups were subdivided as two: saline solution(SS) or botulinum toxin A(Bonta), at the time of the surgery. Seven days before the SS or Bonta injection, the animals were submitted to a random flap (3x10cm). On the seventh postoperative day, all animals were assessed for total flap area, viable area, and the viable/ total area ratio.
  This study showed a difference between groups 2-month saline vs. BontA injection (p=0.04); groups 4-month saline vs. BontA injection (p=0.001); groups 2-month saline vs. 4-month BontA (p=0.003), and, between groups 2- month BontA vs. 4-month saline(p=0.03).
  Botulinum Toxin A increased random flap viability in tobacco-exposed rats. Two months of tobacco exposure had the same effect as exposure for four months.
authors.affiliation: Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Clinics, Plastic Surgery Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Cristina Pires
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, USP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Surgical procedures.
authors.forename: Felipe Alexandre
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, USP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Surgical procedures.
authors.forename: Michel Hyo Mi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, USP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Surgical procedures.
authors.forename: Luiza Campos Moreira
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: PhD, Department of Plastic Surgery, FMUSP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Interpretation of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Julio Morais
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Besteiro
authors.affiliation: Full Professor and Head, Plastic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, FMUSP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, interpretation of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gemperli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013997:Time Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A