title: Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Cediranib.
abstract: Cediranib potently and selectively inhibits all three vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR-1, -2 and -3), and clinical studies have shown that it is effective in patients with ovarian cancer at a dose of 20 mg/day. Cediranib is absorbed moderately slowly; a high-fat meal reduced the cediranib area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 24% and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) by 33%. Cediranib binds to serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein; protein binding in human plasma is approximately 95%. The cediranib AUC and Cmaxincrease proportionally with dose from 0.5 to 60 mg, and cediranib has linear pharmacokinetics (PK) over time. Cediranib is metabolized via flavin-containing monooxygenase 1 and 3 (FMO1, FMO3) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4. Cediranib and its metabolites are mainly excreted in faeces (59%), with <1% of unchanged drug being excreted in urine. The apparent oral clearance is moderate and the mean terminal half-life is 22 h. Cediranib is a substrate of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1) protein (also known as P-glycoprotein [P-gp]). Coadministration with ketoconazole, a potent P-gp inhibitor, increases cediranib AUC at steady-state (AUCss) in patients by 21%, while coadministration with rifampicin, a potent inducer of P-gp, decreases cediranib AUCssby 39%. Administration of cediranib with chemotherapies demonstrated minimal PK impact on each other. No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild or moderate hepatic or renal impairment, and no dose adjustment is needed on the basis of age and body weight. A pooled analysis at doses of 0.5-60 mg showed no significant increase in QTc intervals. Increases in blood pressure and the incidence of diarrhoea were associated with increased cediranib dose and systemic exposure.
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA. Weifeng.tang@astrazeneca.com.
authors.forename: Weifeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: DMPK Oncology, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, UK.|DMPK Consulting UK Limited, Congleton, UK.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; C500926:cediranib; D007211:Indoles