title: E2F transcription factors associated with up-regulated genes in glioblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glioblastoma is considered to the most common and malignant brain tumor in adults. Patients have a median survival of approximately one year from diagnosis due to poor response to therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We applied bioinformatics approaches to predict transcription factors (TF) that are deregulated in glioblastoma in an attempt to point out molecular targets for therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Up-regulated genes in glioblastoma selected from public microarray data were submitted to two TF association analyses. Thereafter, the expression levels of TF obtained in the overlap of analyses were assessed by RT-qPCR carried out in seven glioblastoma cell lines (T98, U251, U138, U87, U343, M059J, and M059K).
  
  
  RESULTS
  E2F1 and E2F4 were highlighted in both TF analyses. However, only E2F1 was confirmed as significantly up-regulated in all glioblastoma cell lines in vitro.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E2F1 is a potential common regulator of differentially expressed genes in glioblastoma, despite the genetic heterogeneity of tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flávia S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Donaires
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo R D V
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giovana S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Leandro
authors.affiliation: Technological Advances for Genomics and Clinics (TAGC), UMR, S 1090 INSERM Aix-Marseille Université, U928 Parc Scientifique de Luminy Case 928 163, Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Puthier
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.|Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences, and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elza T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Sakamoto-Hojo
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D050704:E2F4 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D050704:E2F4 Transcription Factor; C493762:E2F4 protein, human
keywords: E2F transcription factors; Glioblastoma