title: Prevalence of chronic pain in a metropolitan area of a developing country: a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain (CP) in the adult population living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and to identify factors associated with CP in developing countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study using a computer-assisted telephone interview in a two-stage stratified sample of adults living in households.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2,446 subjects were interviewed. The mean age was 39.8 years old. The majority was female and 42.7% had less than 10 years of education. The prevalence of CP was 28.1%. The independent factors associated with CP were female gender (OR = 2.0; p < 0.001), age older than 65 years (OR = 1.4; p = 0.019) and less than 15 years of education (OR = 1.3-1.6; p < 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CP was high and similar to that which has been reported in developed countries. These results raise awareness about CP and may potentially help clinicians and policy makers to design better health care programs for CP treatment in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Centro de Dor, São Paulo SP, Brasil.|Universidade de Guarulhos, Escola de Enfermagem, Guarulhos SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Karine A S
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Leão Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Janssen-Cilag Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciência Médica, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Telma Regina P D
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Centro de Dor, São Paulo SP, Brasil.|Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Centro de Dor, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Daniel Ciampi de
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Janssen-Cilag Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciência Médica, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Aline Medeiros
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Appolinario
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Neurologia, Centro de Dor, São Paulo SP, Brasil.|Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto do Câncer Octavio Frias de Oliveira, Centro de Dor, São Paulo SP, Brasil.|Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Manoel Jacobsen
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Epidemiologia, São Paulo SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Latorre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003201:Computers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult