title: No effect of yeast-like fungi on lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial growth factor level in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the research was to investigate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the context of lipid metabolism and amount of yeast-like fungi colonizing the digestive tract in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 45 children with T1DM and 27 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. In the study sample 33 T1DM patients were administered insulin pump therapy and 12 T1DM patients were administered multiple daily injections with insulin pen devices. All T1DM patients were free of micro- and macrovascular complications. In T1DM patients and healthy controls biochemical tests were performed and measurements of yeast-like fungi colonizing the alimentary tract were conducted. Moreover all study subjects had their serum VEGF levels measured with ELISA test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subgroup of children and adolescents with T1DM and yeast-like fungus colony number 10^3CFU/g was shown statistically significantly lower HbA1c levels, and lower but not statistically significantly total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and VEGF levels versus T1DM patients with the amount of yeast-like fungi 10^6CFU/g. Moreover higher HDL levels were observed in this subgroup versus T1DM patients with the amount of yeast-like fungi 10^6CFU/g although the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has shown no influence of yeast-like fungi on lipid metabolism and VEGF level in children and adolescents with T1DM. Comprehensive treatment of T1DM patients and intensive insulin therapy with help of personal insulin pumps can reduce or prevent the development of long-term diabetic complications. Further studies in this field are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, Gdańsk, 80-211, Poland. kzorena@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zorena
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kowalewska
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmigiero-Kawko
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wąż
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000150:complications*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
keywords: Children and adolescents; Lipid metabolism; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Yeast-like fungi