title: Phospholipid complex enriched micelles: A novel drug delivery approach for promoting the antidiabetic effect of repaglinide.
abstract: To enhance the oral antidiabetic effect of repaglinide (RG), a newly emerging approach, based on the combination of phospholipid complexation and micelle techniques, was employed. Repaglinide-phospholipid complex (RG-PLC) was prepared by the solvent-evaporation method then characterized using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD). The results revealed obvious disappearance of the characteristic peaks of the prepared RG-PLCs confirming the formation of drug-phospholipid complex. RG-PLC enriched micelles (RG-PLC-Ms) were prepared by the solvent-evaporation technique employing poloxamer 188 as surfactant. The prepared RG-PLC-Ms showed high drug encapsulation efficiencies (93.81-99.38%), with nanometric particle diameters (500.61-665.32nm) of monodisperse distribution and high stability (Zeta potential < -29.8mV). The in vitro release of RG from RG-PLC-Ms was pH-dependant according to the release media. A higher release pattern was reported in pH=1.2 compared to a more retarded release in pH=6.8 owing to two different kinetics of drug release. Oral antidiabetic effect of two optimized RG-PLC-M formulations was evaluated in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model for 7-day treatment protocol. The two investigated formulations depicted normal blood glucose, serum malondialdehyde and insulin levels as well as an improved lipid profile, at the end of daily oral treatment, in contrast to RG marketed tablets implying enhanced antidiabetic effect of the drug. Hence, phospholipid-complex enriched micelles approach holds a promising potential for promoting the antidiabetic effect of RG.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt. Electronic address: aa.kassem@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ahmed Alaa
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sameh Hosam
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Abd El-Alim
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abeer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D002219:Carbamates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D004355:Drug Stability; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000737:chemistry*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013607:Tablets / Q000737:chemistry; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008823:Micelles; D010743:Phospholipids; D010880:Piperidines; D013607:Tablets; D020442:Poloxamer; C072379:repaglinide
keywords: Antidiabetic effect; Hypoglycemic activity; Lipid profile; Micelles; Phospholipid complex; Repaglinide