title: Characterization and tissue distribution of neuropeptide F in the eyestalk and brain of the male giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
abstract: We previously analyzed the central nervous system (CNS) transcriptome and found three isotypes of long neuropeptide F (MrNPF-I, -II, -III) and four isoforms of short NPF (sMrNPF) in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. We now validate the complete sequences of the MrNPF-I and -II precursor proteins, which show high similarity (91-95 %) to NPFs of the penaeus shrimp (PsNPF). MrNPF-I and -II precursors share 71 % amino acid identity, whereas the mature 32-amino-acid MrNPF-I and 69-amino-acid MrNPF-II are identical, except for a 37-amino-acid insert within the middle part of the latter. Both mature MrNPFs are almost identical to PsNPF-I and -II except for four amino acids at the mid-region of the peptides. Reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction revealed that transripts of MrNPF-I and -II were expressed in various parts of CNS including the eyestalk, brain and thoracic and abdominal ganglia, with the highest expression occurring in the brain and thoracic ganglia and with MrNPF-I showing five- to seven-fold higher expression than MrNPF-II. These peptides were also expressed in the midgut hindgut, and hepatopancreas, with MrNPF-I expression in the former two organs being at the same level as that in the brain and thoracic ganglia and about 4-fold higher than NPF-II. The expression of NPFs was also detected in the testes and spermatic duct but appeared much weaker in the latter. Other tissues that also expressed a considerable amount of NPF-I included the hematopoeitic tissue, heart and muscle. By immunohistochemistry, we detected MrNPFs in neurons of clusters 2, 3 and 4 and neuropils ME, MT and SG of the optic ganglia, neurons in cluster 6 and neuropils AMPN, PMPN, PT, PB and CB of the medial protocerebrum, neurons in clusters 9 and 11 and neurophils ON and OGTN of the deutocerebrum and neurons in clusters 14, 15 and 16 and neuropils TN and AnN of the tritocerebrum. Because of their high degree of conservation and strong and wide-spread expression in tissues other than CNS, we believe that, in addition to being a neuromodulator in controlling feeding, MrNPFs also play critical roles in tissue homeostasis. This should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirorat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thongrod
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Changklungmoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, 315 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Piyachat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chansela
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tanapan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Siangcham
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (CENTEX Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thanapong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kruangkum
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, QLD 4558, Australia.
authors.forename: Saowaros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suwansa-Ard
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jirawat
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saetan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Phayuhakiri District, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sroyraya
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.|Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Phayuhakiri District, Nakhonsawan, 60130, Thailand.
authors.forename: Yotsawan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tinikul
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chaitip
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanichanon
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand. prasert.sob@mahidol.ac.th.|Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Mueang District, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand. prasert.sob@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Prasert
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sobhon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005123:Eye; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005618:Fresh Water; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D009479:Neuropeptides; C076101:neuropeptide F
keywords: Characterization; Eyestalk; Male prawn; Neuropeptide F; Tissue distribution