title: Long-term evolution of superficial optic disc drusen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Optic disc drusen (ODD) is hyaline deposits in the optic nerve head seen in 1-2% of the population. Long-term evolution of ODD anatomy and visual field defects in ODD patients is a key factor for learning more about pathophysiology and prognosis of the condition. With a median follow-up period of 56 years, this is the first study that evaluates superficial optic disc anatomy and visual fields in patients with ODD over a life span.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series investigating progression of superficial optic disc anatomy and visual fields in ODD patients. Eight patients with hereditary ODD were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at initial and follow-up examination was, respectively, 16.8 and 73.3 years. The median follow-up time was 56 years. A minimal or non-existing change in superficial ODD anatomy (size and number) was seen in 10 of 12 eyes. There was a tendency towards more anatomical change in subjects younger at first examination. A 27% decrease in Goldmann perimetric visual field area (cm2) was found between initial and follow-up examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimal or no change in superficial optic disc anatomy and visual fields in ODD patients oldest at the initial examination suggests that anatomical progression of ODD in patients with hereditary ODD happens primarily before adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malmqvist
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lund-Andersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D015594:Optic Disk Drusen / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: long-term follow-up; optic disc anatomy; optic disc drusen; optic disc drusen evolution; optic disc drusen progression; optic nerve head drusen; progression in visual fields