title: Thyroid nodules and cancer management guidelines: comparisons and controversies.
abstract: Thyroid cancer is an increasingly prevalent malignancy throughout the world. Management guidelines for both thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer have been published and updated by a number of societies internationally. All of these guidelines recognize this increasing incidence, particularly of small papillary thyroid cancers, due in part to improved technology enabling early or even 'over' diagnosis. Recent advances in molecular imaging and molecular methods have been developed to better characterize thyroid nodules, and a number of studies that have clarified risk stratification systems that can be modified over time allow for individualization of diagnosis, initial treatment, and subsequent follow-up strategies. Advances in surgical approaches and new treatments for patients with the most aggressive forms of thyroid cancer have all influenced management guidelines. Despite substantial similarities, there also are important differences between recent guidelines for some of the common clinical scenarios encountered by physicians in clinical practice. In the present manuscript, we will highlight similarities and differences between several of the most recently published guidelines focused on key areas of importance to clinical care and controversy. These are key areas for future research to strengthen the data to support future guideline recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nabhan
authors.affiliation: Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA matthew.ringel@osumc.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ringel
mesh_terms: D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes
keywords: carcinoma; thyroid