title: Favorable Preliminary Outcomes for Men With Low- and Intermediate-risk Prostate Cancer Treated With 19-Gy Single-fraction High-dose-rate Brachytherapy.
abstract: To report the toxicity and preliminary clinical outcomes of a prospective trial evaluating 19-Gy, single-fraction high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy for men with low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
  
  
  
  A total of 63 patients were treated according to an institutional review board-approved prospective study of single-fraction HDR brachytherapy. Eligible patients had tumor stage ≤T2a, prostate-specific antigen level ≤15 ng/mL, and Gleason score ≤7. Patients with a prostate gland volume >50 cm3and baseline American Urologic Association symptom score >12 were ineligible. Patients underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided transperineal implantation of the prostate, followed by single-fraction HDR brachytherapy. Treatment was delivered using192Ir to a dose of 19 Gy prescribed to the prostate, with no additional margin applied.
  
  
  
  Of the 63 patients, 58 had data available for analysis. Five patients had withdrawn consent during the follow-up period. The median follow-up period was 2.9 years (range 0.3-5.2). The median age was 61.4 years. The median gland volume at treatment was 34.8 cm3. Of the 58 patients, 91% had T1 disease, 71% had Gleason score ≤6 (29% with Gleason score 7), and the median pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level was 5.1 ng/mL. The acute and chronic grade 2 genitourinary toxicity incidence was 12.1% and 10.3%, respectively. No grade 3 urinary toxicity occurred. No patients experienced acute rectal toxicity grade ≥2, and 2 experienced grade ≥2 chronic gastrointestinal toxicity. Three patients experienced biochemical failure, yielding a 3-year cumulative incidence estimate of 6.8%.
  
  
  
  Single-fraction HDR brachytherapy is well-tolerated, with favorable preliminary biochemical and clinical disease control rates.
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan. Electronic address: dkrauss@beaumont.edu.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: 21st Century Oncology, Farmington Hills, Michigan.
authors.forename: Alvaro A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sebastian
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limbacher
authors.affiliation: Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D065228:Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012306:Risk; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen