title: The effect of standardized food intake on the association between BMI and1H-NMR metabolites.
abstract: Multiple studies have shown that levels of1H-NMR metabolites are associated with disease and risk factors of disease such as BMI. While most previous investigations have been performed in fasting samples, meta-analysis often includes both cohorts with fasting and non-fasting blood samples. In the present study comprising 153 participants (mean age 63 years; mean BMI 27 kg/m2) we analyzed the effect of a standardized liquid meal (SLM) on metabolite levels and how the SLM influenced the association between metabolites and BMI. We observed that many metabolites, including glycolysis related metabolites, multiple amino acids, LDL diameter, VLDL and HDL lipid concentration changed within 35 minutes after a standardized liquid meal (SLM), similarly for all individuals. Remarkable, however, is that the correlations of metabolite levels with BMI remained highly similar before and after the SLM. Hence, as exemplified with the disease risk factor BMI, our results suggest that the applicability of1H-NMR metabolites as disease biomarkers depends on the standardization of the fasting status rather than on the fasting status itself. Future studies are required to investigate the dependency of metabolite biomarkers for other disease risk factors on the fasting status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bianca A M
authors.initials: BAM
authors.lastname: Schutte
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.|The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erik B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: van den Akker
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.|Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Joris
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deelen
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van de Rest
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Heemst
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edith J M
authors.initials: EJM
authors.lastname: Feskens
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P Eline
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Slagboom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome; D008875:Middle Aged; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers