title: Cervicofacial emphysema following Harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy: case report and comprehensive review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed worldwide. There are a handful of common complications, with bleeding being the most feared; however, rarer complications can present to a wide range of medical professionals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 12-year-old girl presented with cervicofacial emphysema following tonsillectomy. This paper discusses the case and the management adopted, and presents the findings of a comprehensive literature review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient made a full recovery, and was discharged after 3 days following conservative management with intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics and supplemental low-flow oxygen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This paper presents the first reported case of cervicofacial emphysema following Harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy. Although this is an exceptionally rare complication, it is potentially serious and warrants further description to improve awareness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology,Royal Hospital for Children,Glasgow,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Crosbie
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology,Royal Hospital for Children,Glasgow,Scotland,UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunanandam
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004646:Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013352:Subcutaneous Emphysema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014068:Tonsillectomy
keywords: Complications; Emphysema; Tonsillectomy