title: The "Intermediate" CD14++CD16+monocyte subset increases in severe peripheral artery disease in humans.
abstract: Monocytes are key players in atherosclerotic. Human monocytes display a considerable heterogeneity and at least three subsets can be distinguished. While the role of monocyte subset heterogeneity has already been well investigated in coronary artery disease (CAD), the knowledge about monocytes and their heterogeneity in peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) still is limited. Therefore, we aimed to investigate monocyte subset heterogeneity in patients with PAOD. Peripheral blood was obtained from 143 patients suffering from PAOD (Rutherford stage I to VI) and three monocyte subsets were identified by flow cytometry: CD14++CD16-classical monocytes, CD14+CD16++non-classical monocytes and CD14++CD16+intermediate monocytes. Additionally the expression of distinct surface markers (CD106, CD162 and myeloperoxidase MPO) was analyzed. Proportions of CD14++CD16+intermediate monocyte levels were significantly increased in advanced stages of PAOD, while classical and non-classical monocytes displayed no such trend. Moreover, CD162 and MPO expression increased significantly in intermediate monocyte subsets in advanced disease stages. Likewise, increased CD162 and MPO expression was noted in CD14++CD16-classical monocytes. These data suggest substantial dynamics in monocyte subset distributions and phenotypes in different stages of PAOD, which can either serve as biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets to decrease the inflammatory burden in advanced stages of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.|Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wildgruber
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aschenbrenner
authors.affiliation: Klinik für vaskuläre und endovaskuläre Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wendorff
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czubba
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.|Klinik für vaskuläre und endovaskuläre Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Almut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glinzer
authors.affiliation: Institut für medizinische Statistik und Epidemiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.affiliation: Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Technische Universität München, Germany.|Klinische Kooperationsgemeinschaft "Immunmonitoring", Helmholtz Zentrum München (Neuherberg) und Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiemann
authors.affiliation: Klinik für vaskuläre und endovaskuläre Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.affiliation: Klinik für vaskuläre und endovaskuläre Chirurgie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Henning
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Institut für Röntgendiagnostik, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wohlgemuth
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Libby
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Biochemie und Pathobiochemie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zernecke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C428200:FCGR3B protein, human; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C084882:P-selectin ligand protein; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D009195:Peroxidase