title: Spatial Distribution of Adult Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Damage to Cotton Flower Buds Due to Feeding and Oviposition.
abstract: The cotton boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the main pest in cotton crop around the world, directly affecting cotton production. In order to establish a sequential sampling plan, it is crucial to understand the spatial distribution of the pest population and the damage it causes to the crop through the different developmental stages of cotton plants. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of adults in the cultivation area and their oviposition and feeding behavior throughout the development of the cotton plants. The experiment was conducted in Maracaju, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 growing seasons, in an area of 10,000 m2, planted with the cotton cultivar FM 993. The experimental area was divided into 100 plots of 100 m2(10 × 10 m) each, and five plants per plot were sampled weekly throughout the crop cycle. The number of flower buds with feeding and oviposition punctures and of adult A. grandis was recorded throughout the crop cycle in five plants per plot. After determining the aggregation indices (variance/mean ratio, Morisita's index, exponent k of the negative binomial distribution, and Green's coefficient) and adjusting the frequencies observed in the field to the distribution of frequencies (Poisson, negative binomial, and positive binomial) using the chi-squared test, it was observed that flower buds with punctures derived from feeding, oviposition, and feeding + oviposition showed an aggregated distribution in the cultivation area until 85 days after emergence and a random distribution after this stage. The adults of A. grandis presented a random distribution in the cultivation area.
authors.affiliation: Univ Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. fernando@fundacaoms.org.br.|Fundação MS, Caixa Postal 137, 79150-000, Maracaju, MS, Brasil. fernando@fundacaoms.org.br.
authors.forename: J F J
authors.initials: JFJ
authors.lastname: Grigolli
authors.affiliation: Univ Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Univ Federal da Grande Dourados, Caixa Postal 364, 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Univ Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Busoli
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D001517:Coleoptera; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers; D003368:Gossypium; D010058:Oviposition; D048889:Weevils
keywords: Cotton boll weevil, Poisson, negative binomial