title: Probing Photocurrent Nonuniformities in the Subcells of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells.
abstract: Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies have the potential to become a commercially viable photovoltaic option in the near future. However, device design and optimization is challenging because conventional characterization methods do not give clear feedback on the localized chemical and physical factors that limit performance within individual subcells, especially when stability and degradation is a concern. In this study, we use light beam induced current (LBIC) to probe photocurrent collection nonuniformities in the individual subcells of perovskite/silicon tandems. The choices of lasers and light biasing conditions allow efficiency-limiting effects relating to processing defects, optical interference within the individual cells, and the evolution of water-induced device degradation to be spatially resolved. The results reveal several types of microscopic defects and demonstrate that eliminating these and managing the optical properties within the multilayer structures will be important for future optimization of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Zhaoning
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-0994
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Niraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Florent
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sahli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Wolf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.|CSEM, PV-Center , Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Niesen
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Suneth C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Watthage
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microengineering (IMT), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory (PV-Lab), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Rue de la Maladière 71b, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.|CSEM, PV-Center , Jaquet-Droz 1, 2002 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballif
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Randy J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ellingson
authors.affiliation: Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo , 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606 United States.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-3471
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Heben