title: Polyhydramnios in isolated oral cleft pregnancies: incidence and outcome in a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Polyhydramnios is suggested to be associated with oral clefts (OCs) due to swallowing problems. This study assessed incidence and outcome of idiopathic polyhydramnios in isolated OC pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study of prenatally diagnosed OC. The incidence of idiopathic polyhydramnios in isolated OC pregnancies was determined. Pregnancy outcome, neonatal and paediatric follow-up were compared between cases with polyhydramnios and those with normal amniotic fluid. Subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate whether an association exists between polyhydramnios and presence of associated anomalies diagnosed after birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 230 cases of isolated OC, 15 developed polyhydramnios (6.5%). Involvement of the palate was significantly more common in the presence than in the absence of polyhydramnios (13/15 or 87% vs 125/215 or 58%, p = 0.03, odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval 1.0-30.8). No significant differences were seen in pregnancy outcome or neonatal and paediatric follow-up between the two groups. In subgroup analysis, rate of polyhydramnios was not significantly different in associated cases that appeared isolated prenatally (1/27; 3.7%) compared with that in the isolated cases (15/230; 6.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of idiopathic polyhydramnios in isolated OC pregnancies is 6.5%. Polyhydramnios in isolated OC increases the risk of palate involvement. The presence of polyhydramnios is not associated with adverse perinatal or long-term outcome. If isolated at prenatal assessment, polyhydramnios does not increase the risk of associated anomalies postpartum. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Depla
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corstiaan C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Breugem
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chantal M A M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Roel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Heus
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marie-José H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van den Boogaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Saskia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pajkrt
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mireille N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Bekker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D006831:Polyhydramnios / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult