title: Outcomes of Esophageal Arterial Embolization for Treatment of Hemoptysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate safety and efficacy of esophageal arterial embolization (EAE) in addition to bronchial arterial embolization (BAE) for treatment of hemoptysis as well as the importance and characteristics of esophageal arteries in patients with hemoptysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2013 and December 2014, 20 patients (13 men and 7 women, mean age 58.4 y) underwent EAE in addition to BAE for hemoptysis. Retrospective review of patient records was performed to evaluate major causes of hemoptysis, treatment indications based on CT findings, esophageal angiography findings, and outcomes after embolization including clinical success rate and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemoptysis was caused by bronchiectasis (12 patients), tuberculosis (7 patients), and lobectomy (1 patient). CT showed lower lobe lung lesions in all (100%) patients. The esophageal arteries originated from the aorta between the carina and diaphragm (18 patients) or from the inferior phrenic arteries (2 patients) and were tortuous with longitudinal off-midline courses. Communications between the esophageal and the bronchial or inferior phrenic arteries were present in 12 patients. One patient who was treated using N-butyl cyanoacrylate developed dysphagia that resolved with medical treatment. Repeat BAE was performed in 2 patients 5 days and 20 days later, and the clinical success rate was 90% (18/20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EAE in addition to BAE is safe in the treatment of hemoptysis and should be considered for lower lobe lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Eui Yong
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kangdong Seong-Sim Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seongan-ro, Gangdong-Gu, Seoul 134-701, Korea. Electronic address: ykchoman@naver.com.
authors.forename: Young Kwon
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology , Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Korea.
authors.forename: Heon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Young Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Lyo Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeol
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Jung Gi
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Im
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D001981:Bronchial Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000098:blood supply*; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult