title: Histopathological Effects on Gills of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus, 1758) Exposed to Pb and Carbon Nanotubes.
abstract: The effect of heavy metal in fish has been the focus of extensive research for many years. However, the combined effect of heavy metals and nanomaterials is still a new subject that needs to be studied. The aim of this study was to examine histopathologic alterations in the gills of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to determine possible effects of lead (Pb), carbon nanotubes, and Pb+carbon nanotubes on their histological integrity, and if this biological system can be used as a tool for evaluating water quality in monitoring programs. For this, tilapia were exposed to Pb, carbon nanotubes and Pb+carbon nanotubes for 4 days. The main alterations observed were epithelial structure, hyperplasia and displacement of epithelial cells, and alterations of the structure and occurrence of aneurysms in the secondary lamella. The most severe alterations were related to the Pb+carbon nanotubes. We conclude that the oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes enhanced the acute lead toxicity in Nile tilapias. This work draws attention to the implications of carbon nanomaterials released in the aquatic environment and their interaction with classical pollutants.
authors.affiliation: 1Instituto de Pesca,APTA- Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento do Governo do Estado de São Paulo; Avenida Professor Wladimir Besnard s/n- Caixa Postal 157, 11990-000 - Cananéia, São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Edison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.affiliation: 1Instituto de Pesca,APTA- Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento do Governo do Estado de São Paulo; Avenida Professor Wladimir Besnard s/n- Caixa Postal 157, 11990-000 - Cananéia, São Paulo,Brazil.
authors.forename: Janaína
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos-Garcia
authors.affiliation: 2Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro,10.000 Polo II de Alta Tecnologia de Campinas - CEP 13083-970,Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil.
authors.forename: Diego S T
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: 3Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo.Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - CEP 05508-900 - São Paulo,São Paulo,Brasil.
authors.forename: José Roberto M C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: 4Solid State Chemistry Laboratory and NanoBioss Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas,Rua Josué de Castro, 126 - Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 - Campinas,São Paulo,Brasil.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Luiz
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: 3Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo.Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524 - CEP 05508-900 - São Paulo,São Paulo,Brasil.
authors.forename: Karina F O
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Rezende
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023681:Cichlids; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects*; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007854:Lead
keywords: carbon nanotube; fish; histology; nanoparticles