title: The X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein retinoschisin is a novel regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling and apoptosis in the retina.
abstract: X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is a hereditary retinal dystrophy in young males, caused by mutations in the RS1 gene. The function of the encoded protein, termed retinoschisin, and the molecular mechanisms underlying XLRS pathogenesis are still unresolved, although a direct interaction partner of the secreted retinoschisin, the retinal Na/K-ATPase, was recently identified. Earlier gene expression studies in retinoschisin-deficient (Rs1h-/Y) mice provided a first indication of pathological up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signalling in disease pathogenesis. To further investigate the role for retinoschisin in MAP kinase regulation, we exposed Y-79 cells and murine Rs1h-/Yretinae to recombinant retinoschisin and the XLRS-associated mutant RS1-C59S. Although normal retinoschisin stably bound to retinal cells, RS1-C59S exhibited a strongly reduced binding affinity. Simultaneously, exposure to normal retinoschisin significantly reduced phosphorylation of C-RAF and MAP kinases ERK1/2 in Y-79 cells and murine Rs1h-/Yretinae. Expression of MAP kinase target genes C-FOS and EGR1 was also down-regulated in both model systems. Finally, retinoschisin treatment decreased pro-apoptotic BAX-2 transcript levels in Y-79 cells and Rs1h-/Yretinae. Upon retinoschisin treatment, these cells showed increased resistance against apoptosis, reflected by decreased caspase-3 activity (in Y-79 cells) and increased photoreceptor survival (in Rs1h-/Yretinal explants). RS1-C59S did not influence C-RAF or ERK1/2 activation, C-FOS or EGR1 expression, or apoptosis. Our data imply that retinoschisin is a novel regulator of MAP kinase signalling and exerts an anti-apoptotic effect on retinal cells. We therefore discuss that disturbances of MAP kinase signalling by retinoschisin deficiency could be an initial step in XLRS pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plössl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard H F
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Friedrich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D012160:Retina / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D041441:Retinoschisis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D005136:Eye Proteins; D050505:Mutant Proteins; C491843:RS1 protein, mouse; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
keywords: MAP kinase signalling; Na/K-ATPase; RS1; X-linked juvenile retinoschisis; apoptosis; retinoschisin