title: Radiopharmaceuticals for metastatic bone pain palliation: available options in the clinical domain and their comparisons.
abstract: Bone pain arising due to skeletal metastases is one of the common complications experienced by the majority of patients suffering from prostate, breast and lung cancer at the advanced stage of the disease. These patients are subjected to palliative care in order to improve the quality of their remaining life. With the gradually increasing number of cancer cases, palliation of metastatic bone pain is gaining importance. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals play a pivotal role in the management of cancer pain, particularly in patients with multiple metastases, as these agents are proven to be effective in controlling the bone pain with minimum side effects. Although a plethora of such radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and evaluated in animal models, only a few are regularly used in clinics while some of these agents are at different stages of clinical evaluations. The present article describes only those bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, which have been reported to be clinically administered till date, along with their relative merits and drawbacks.
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. tdas@barc.gov.in.|Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. tdas@barc.gov.in.
authors.forename: Tapas
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2877-0683
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Radiopharmaceuticals Chemistry Section, Radiochemistry and Isotope Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.|Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banerjee
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary; D006801:Humans; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059408:Pain Management; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D063065:Organophosphonates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals
keywords: 117mSn-DTPA; 223RaCl2; 89SrCl2; Bone pain palliation; Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals; Na3 32PO4; Radiolabeled phosphonates