title: Salivary and serum inflammatory mediators among pre-conception women with periodontal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been inconsistent conclusions regarding the levels of inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum among people with or without periodontal disease. Although pre-conception has been put forward as the optimal time for the periodontal treatment in order to improving pregnancy outcomes, few studies have been conducted to examine inflammatory mediators in saliva and serum among pre-conception women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre-conception women were recruited between January 2012 and December 2014. Women were provided with an oral health examination to detect periodontal disease. Salivary and serum samples were collected at the same of examination. Inflammatory mediators includinginterleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and beta-glucuronidase (β-glucuronidase) were tested and analyzed among women with overall periodontal disease (n = 442) or moderate/severe periodontal disease (n = 247). Results were compared to that in women with a healthy periodontium (n = 91).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased concentrations of inflammatory mediators of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and β-glucuronidase in saliva and IL-1β, β-glucuronidase and TNF-α in serum were found among pre-conception women with moderate/severe periodontal disease, compared with women without periodontal disease. Significantly increased levels were also found in all the above saliva inflammatory mediators and in serum IL-1β and TNF-α among women with overall periodontal disease. The levels of all inflammatory mediators in saliva and almost all inflammatory mediators except IL-6 in serum significantly increased with severity of periodontal disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodontal disease is highly associated with the elevated levels of inflammatory mediators in saliva and some mediators in serum among pre-conception women.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Mailbox 175, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Mailbox 175, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Clinical laboratory, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Municipality, 16 Boai Road, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Emily W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Harville
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Matinoba, Canada.|Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural & Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada.|St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Room 2022, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Karmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Mailbox 175, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.|Global Health Institute, Fudan University, Mailbox 175, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D010518:Periodontitis; D011247:Pregnancy; D012463:Saliva; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Inflammatory mediators; Periodontal disease; Pre-conception women; Saliva; Serum