title: Removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in groundwater by nanofiltration membrane.
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is very persistent in the environment and resistant to typical degradation processes. PFOA has been widely used in surface-active agents and as an emulsifier in several products and can contaminate groundwater. Groundwater is considered as an important source of water; hence removal of PFOA contamination in groundwater is needed. This study aimed to examine the removal of PFOA in spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater samples by nanofiltration (NF) membrane. PFOA removal efficiency was performed by using NF membrane and all samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). For groundwater concentration, solid phase extraction is needed before being analysed by HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that at higher pressures and higher PFOA concentrations, the PFOA removal efficiencies were slightly higher. The PFOA removal efficiency of spiked deionized water and spiked groundwater sample were 99.78-99.87% and 99.49-99.54%, respectively, which were not significantly different.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail: suwanna.boo@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Apisara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boonya-Atichart
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand E-mail: suwanna.boo@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Suwanna Kitpati
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Boontanon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, 999 Phuttamonthon Sai 4 Rd. Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Narin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boontanon
mesh_terms: D002210:Caprylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005374:Filtration; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D036103:Nanotechnology; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid