title: Potential effects of rainwater-borne H2O2on competitive degradation of herbicides and in the presence of humic acid.
abstract: In a previous piece of work, we reported some preliminary experimental results showing that hydrogen peroxide at a concentration range frequently encountered in rainwater could lead to degradation of three common herbicides (diuron, butachlor and glyphosate). However, the work was limited to the observation on the effects of Fenton process on the individual herbicides. In field conditions, different types of herbicides along with other organic molecules may occur concurrently. It is unclear how different herbicides and various organic molecules compete for the available hydroxyl radical. In this study, further laboratory experiments were conducted to observe the changes in the herbicides in the scenarios where multiple herbicides or humic acid are present. The results show that humic acid impeded hydroxyl radical-driven degradation of the diuron and butachlor. However, humic acid had no significant effects on reducing glyphosate removal rate. Glyphosate could compete strongly with the humic acid for the available hydroxyl radical in the reaction systems. The reactivity of glyphosate with hydroxyl radical was much higher than those of diuron and butachlor due possibly to its relatively simpler chemical structure, as compared to either diuron or butachlor, which are aromatic compounds that have higher chemical stability. Butachlor degradation was much weaker in the combined diuron and butachlor system than in the combined glyphosate and butachlor system. In the glyphosate-butachlor system, the opposite was observed. The findings have moved another step forward to understanding the potential role of rainwater-borne H2O2in degrading herbicides in open water environments.
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Junhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute of Agricultural Products, Zhongshan, China.
authors.forename: Yongjun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute of Agricultural Products, Zhongshan, China.
authors.forename: Shengan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huashou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Life Science, University of Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom. Electronic address: c.lin@salford.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Chuxia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000083:Acetanilides / Q000032:analysis*; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis*; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D006812:Humic Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D011891:Rain; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods; D000097797:Glyphosate
chemical_list: D000083:Acetanilides; D004237:Diuron; D005998:Glycine; D006540:Herbicides; D006812:Humic Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D007501:Iron; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D000097797:Glyphosate; C045076:Fenton's reagent; C054409:butachlor
keywords: Chemical degradation; Fenton reaction; Free radical; Herbicide; Hydrogen peroxide; Rainwater