title: Physical exercise reverses spatial memory deficit and induces hippocampal astrocyte plasticity in diabetic rats.
abstract: Physical exercise can induce brain plasticity and reduce the cognitive decline observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We investigated the effects of physical exercise to prevent or reverse spatial memory deficits produced by diabetes and some biochemical and immunohistochemical changes in hippocampal astrocytes of T1DM model. In this study, 56 male Wistar rats were divided in four groups: trained control (TC), non-trained control (NTC), trained diabetic (TD) and non-trained diabetic (NTD). 27 days after streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes, the exercise groups were submitted to 5 weeks of aerobic exercise. All groups were assessed in place recognition (PR) test before and after training. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes were evaluated using planar morphology, optical densitometry and Sholl's concentric circles method. Glucose and glutamate uptake, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) levels were measured using biochemical assays. Our main results are: 1-Exercise reverses spatial memory impairments generated by T1DM; 2-Exercise increases GSH and GS in TC but not in TD rats; 3-Exercise increases density of GFAP positive astrocytes in the TC and TD groups and increases astrocytic ramification in TD animals. Our findings indicate that physical exercise reverses the cognitive deficits present in T1DM and induces important biochemical and immunohistochemical astrocytic changes.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscylla Nunes
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: de Senna
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Pamela Brambilla
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bagatini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galland
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bobermin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Severo
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: do Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nardin
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tramontina
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básica da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Achaval
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Departamento de Ciências Morfofisiológicas, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: llxavier@pucrs.br.
authors.forename: Léder Leal
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C000614142:Gfap protein, rat; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Astrocytes; Physical exercise; Spatial memory; Type 1 Diabetes mellitus