title: Preparation of a multiple emulsion based on pectin-whey protein complex for encapsulation of saffron extract nanodroplets.
abstract: The present study illustrates a simple and practical way to produce an adequate delivery system of bioactive compounds of saffron by protein-polysaccharide complex. Frist, crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin were loaded in nanodroplets (<100nm) by using water in oil (W/O) microemulsions contain 5, and 10% aqueous saffron extract as a dispersed phase. These microemulsions were then covered with whey protein concentrate (WPC)-maltodextrin or WPC-pectin-maltodextrin through water in oil in water (W/O/W) multiple emulsions. The stability and release of loaded crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin in multiple emulsions were investigated during 22days storage. The produced multiple emulsion by WPC-pectin-maltodextrin along with 5% inner aqueous phase showed a high stability and low release of encapsulated compounds over time. This emulsion also provided a high protection of crocin, safranal, and picrocrocin in the gastric condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faridi Esfanjani
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address: smjafari@gau.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seid Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Assadpour
mesh_terms: D002338:Carotenoids; D027622:Crocus / Q000737:chemistry*; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004655:Emulsions; D005960:Glucosides; D010368:Pectins; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013729:Terpenes; D014867:Water; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D053138:Cyclohexenes; D004655:Emulsions; D005960:Glucosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D013729:Terpenes; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D014867:Water; D002338:Carotenoids; C087963:safranal; C008315:maltodextrin; C029036:crocin; D010368:Pectins; C087962:picrocrocin
keywords: Nanodroplet; Pectin; Release; Saffron; WPC