title: Quantamatrix Multiplexed Assay Platform system for direct detection of bacteria and antibiotic resistance determinants in positive blood culture bottles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid and accurate identification of the causative pathogens of bloodstream infections (BSIs) is crucial for initiating appropriate antimicrobial therapy, which decreases the related morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed multiplexed, bead-based bioassay system, the Quantamatrix Multiplexed Assay Platform (QMAP) system, obtained directly from blood culture bottles, to simultaneously detect the presence of bacteria and identify the genes for antibiotic resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The QMAP system was used to evaluate 619 blood culture bottles from patients with BSIs and to compare the results of conventional culture methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using conventional bacterial cultures as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the QMAP system for detection of bacterial pathogens in positive blood culture (PBC) samples were 99.8% (n=592, 95% CI 0.9852-1.000, p <0.001), 100% (95% CI 0.983-1.000, p <0.001), 100% (95% CI 0.9922-1.000, p <0.001), and 99.5% (95% CI 0.9695-1.000, p <0.001), respectively. In addition, sensitivity and specificity of the QMAP system for identification of the genes for antibiotic resistance were 99.4% (n=158, 95% CI 0.9617-0.9999, p <0.009) and 99.6% (95% CI 0.9763-0.9999, p <0.0001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obtaining results using the QMAP system takes about 3 hr, while culture methods can take 48-72 hr. Therefore, analysis using the QMAP system is rapid and reliable for characterizing causative pathogens in BSIs.
authors.affiliation: Optipharm, Inc., Wonju Eco Environmental Technology Center, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uh
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: hyelee@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000071997:Blood Culture; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Bloodstream infection; Culture; Diagnosis; Quantamatrix Multiplexed Assay Platform system