title: Effect of immersion time on the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37°C.
abstract: In the present study, various electrochemical tests were used to investigate the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure Titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37°C. Nano-grained pure Titanium, which typically has an average grain size of 90±5nm, was obtained by six-cycle accumulative roll bonding process. Polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy plots illustrated that as a result of grain refinement process, the passive response of the nano-grained sample was improved compared to that of its coarse-grained counterpart in Ringer's physiological solution. Mott-Schottky analysis indicated that the passive films behaved as n-type semiconductors in Ringer's physiological solution and grain refinement did not change the conductivity type of the passive films. Additionally, Mott-Schottky analysis showed that the donor density decreased by grain size reduction. Finally, nano-grained sample appeared to be more suitable for implant applications, mainly due to the formation of thicker and less defective oxide film.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fattah-Alhosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran. Electronic address: a.r.ansari.msc@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ali Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 65178-38695, Iran.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: Department of Mining & Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
authors.forename: Mohsen K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
mesh_terms: D003343:Corrosion; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D004560:Electricity; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Mott–Schottky analysis; Nano-grained; Pure titanium; Ringer's physiological solution