title: A nationwide cross-sectional survey on prevalence, management and pharmacoepidemiology patterns on hypertension in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Limited data are available on epidemiology and drug use in Chinese hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We determined the prevalence; awareness, treatment, and control rates of hypertension; anti-hypertensive use, expenditure pattern; and factors associated with hypertension prevalence and control in Chinese patients with CKD. This was one of the largest cross-sectional surveys that enrolled 6079 CKD participants (mean age, 51.0 ± 16.37 years) with or without hypertension from 22 centres across China. The prevalence, awareness, and treatment rates were 71.2%, 95.4%, and 93.7%, respectively. Control rates 1 and 2 (Blood pressure, BP <140/90 and <130/80 mmHg) were 41.1% and 15.0%, respectively. Patients were treated mostly with monotherapy (37.7%) or 2-drug anti-hypertensive combination (38.7%). Factors associated with prevalence of hypertension included age; smoking; body mass index; physical exercise; family history of hypertension; hyperuricaemia; and CKD. Control rate was associated with CKD stage, BP monitoring at home, and use of drug combinations. Despite high rates of awareness and treatment, the control rates are low. CKD stages 4 and 5 adversely affect the control rate. The results suggest the immediate need of comprehensive controlling measures to improve the control of hypertension in Chinese patients with CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China.
authors.forename: Zhangsuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
authors.forename: Qinkai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361003, China.
authors.forename: Yanlin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Inner Mongolia, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200090, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, PLA Navy General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
authors.forename: Mingxu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Construction Group Hospital, Shanghai, 200083, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
authors.forename: Chaoxing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
authors.forename: Yeping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200336, China.
authors.forename: Peiju
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Changying
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
authors.forename: Fuyuan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225300, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan, 610072, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044466:Asian People; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents