title: New Mechanisms of Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Promoting Tumor Progression: Recent Research Advances and Potential Targets for Tumor Immunotherapy.
abstract: The majority of basic and clinical studies have shown a protumor function of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which represent a large proportion of matrix cells. TAMs promote tumorigenesis, and their number is related to the malignancy degree and poor prognosis of many kinds of tumors. Macrophage plasticity makes it possible to change the tumor microenvironment and remodel antitumor immunity during cancer immunotherapy. Increasing numbers of studies have revealed the effects of TAMs on the tumor microenvironment, for example, via promotion of tumor growth and tumorigenesis and through an increase in the number of cancer stem cells or via facilitation of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastasis. Investigators also proposed tumor-immunological treatments targeting TAMs by inhibiting TAM recruitment and differentiation, by regulating TAM polarization, and by blocking factors and pathways associated with the protumor function of TAMs. This comprehensive review presents recent research on TAMs in relation to prediction of poor outcomes, remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment, and immunological targeted therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Qiujun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6600-9540
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0909-4499
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3997-6604
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2262-5525
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 1 Playground Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6052-2084
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Huamin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1866-8212
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xinyao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0494-9008
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Shulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road East, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Shuntai
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6927-7492
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine (IBRCM), China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 16 Dongzhimen Nanxiaojie, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100700, China.
authors.forename: Zhan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1265-0356
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, No. 5 Beixiange, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053, China.
authors.forename: Baojin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6940-9555
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers