title: Pauli Repulsion-Induced Expansion and Electromechanical Properties of Graphene.
abstract: Because graphene has nearly zero density of states at the Dirac point, charging it must overcome Pauli repulsion. We show here that this repulsion causes graphene to expand, which is measurable with an optical edge-tracking method despite that graphene is the strongest material. The expansion increases quadratically with applied voltage as predicted by theory and has a coefficient of ∼10-4per V at 1 V. Graphene has many attractive properties, but it lacks piezoelectricity, which limits its electromechanical applications. The observed Pauli repulsion-induced expansion provides an alternative way to electrically control graphene dimension. It also provides a simple and direct method to measure the elastic properties of graphene and other low dimensional materials.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7521-5573
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.|Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States.
authors.forename: Nongjian
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tao
keywords: Pauli repulsion; Young’s modulus of graphene; electromechanical properties of graphene; graphene expansion; quantum capacitance