title: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N8) outbreaks: protection and management of exposed people in Europe, 2014/15 and 2016.
abstract: Introduction of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus A(H5N8) into Europe prompted animal and human health experts to implement protective measures to prevent transmission to humans. We describe the situation in 2016 and list public health measures and recommendations in place. We summarise critical interfaces identified during the A(H5N1) and A(H5N8) outbreaks in 2014/15. Rapid exchange of information between the animal and human health sectors is critical for a timely, effective and efficient response.
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adlhoch
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Weybridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Svetla G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Angelova
authors.affiliation: National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH), Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Bálint
authors.affiliation: GD Animal Health Deventer, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouwstra
authors.affiliation: Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buda
authors.affiliation: Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Castrucci
authors.affiliation: Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dabrera
authors.affiliation: National Food Chain Safety Office (NEBIH), Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ádám
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Dán
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grund
authors.affiliation: Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
authors.forename: Timm
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Hoek
authors.affiliation: National Center for Epidemiology, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krisztalovics
authors.affiliation: Public Health England (PHE), London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parry-Ford
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Bucharest, Romania.
authors.forename: Rodica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Popescu
authors.affiliation: The Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wallensten
authors.affiliation: Bulgarian Food Safety Agency, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zdravkova
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zohari
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Svetla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsolova
authors.affiliation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pasi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penttinen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000071225:Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D011634:Public Health; D014774:Virulence; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology
keywords: 2016; A(H5N8); Avian influenza; EU/EEA; infection control; outbreaks