title: Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Cyanogenic Glycosides in Gluten-free Bread Fortified with Flaxseed Meal.
abstract: Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) meal contains cyanogenic glycosides (CGs) and the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (1). Gluten-free (GF) doughs and baked goods were produced with added flaxseed meal (20%, w/w) then 1, and CGs were determined in fortified flour, dough, and bread with storage (0, 1, 2, and 4 weeks) at different temperatures (-18, 4, and 22-23 °C). 1 was present in flour, dough, and GF bread after baking. 1 was stable with extensive storage (up to 4 weeks) and was not affected by storage temperature. CGs in flaxseed meal and fortified GF samples were analyzed by1H NMR of the cyanohydrins. Linamarin and/or linustatin were the primary CGs in both flaxseed meal and fortified flour. CGs decreased with storage in dough fortified with flaxseed meal or GF bread after baking. GF bakery food products fortified with flaxseed meal had reduced CGs but remained a good source of dietary 1.
authors.affiliation: Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada.|Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.|Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
authors.forename: Youn Young
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-8219
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.affiliation: Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada.
authors.forename: Clara M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Olivia
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada.|Food Technology Agrobiotechnology Nutrition and Health Science, Wageningen University , Droevendaalsesteeg 4, Wageningen 6708 PB, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rineke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jianheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Prairie Tide Chemicals Inc. , 102 Melville Street, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7J 0R1, Canada.|Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada.|Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
authors.forename: Martin J T
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Reaney
mesh_terms: D000678:Amygdalin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis*; D002072:Butylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019597:Flax / Q000737:chemistry*; D005433:Flour; D005527:Food, Fortified; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005983:Glutens / Q000032:analysis; D006027:Glycosides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009570:Nitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002072:Butylene Glycols; D005960:Glucosides; D006027:Glycosides; D017705:Lignans; D009570:Nitriles; C007173:cyanogenic glycosides; D000678:Amygdalin; C023022:linustatin; D005983:Glutens; C005091:linamarin; C090142:secoisolariciresinol diglucoside
keywords: cyanogenic glycosides; flaxseed meal; gluten-free bread; secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; stability