title: The absence of birthweight paradox as a marker of disadvantages faced by low maternal education children.
abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that the birthweight paradox would not be observed when assessing the effect of maternal education on neonatal mortality in the presence of socioeconomic inequality in access to health care.
  
  
  
  Non-concurrent cohort study. Passive follow-up of live-born infants using probabilistic record linkage of birth and death records for Rio de Janeiro (2004-2010; n = 1 445 367). Maternal age, birthweight and neonatal death were evaluated according to maternal educational level strata (<4, 4-11 and ≥12 years of study). We estimated the association between maternal educational level and neonatal mortality using logistical regression models adjusted for maternal age and birthweight (<2500 g and ≥2500 g).
  
  
  
  Neonatal mortality was 1.8 times higher in low educational level group compared with high educational level. We did not find birthweight-specific mortality curves crossing over in the stratum under 2500 g (birthweight paradox). The odds of a low birthweight child being born in facilities without neonatal intensive care units was about 70% higher in the group of low education when compared with mothers with high education.
  
  
  
  The absence of crossing birthweight-specific mortality curves may be a reason for concern about the severity of the disadvantages faced by low maternal education women.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Studies in Public Health (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Institute of Community Health (ISC), Fluminense Federal University, Niterói 24033-900, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Institute of Studies in Public Health (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pinheiro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Studies in Public Health (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Aguiar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social Medicine (IMS), Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Studies in Public Health (IESC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Coeli
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004522:Educational Status; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: mortality; neonates; socioeconomics factors