title: Updates of prostate cancer staging: Prostate-specific membrane antigen.
abstract: The ability to accurately stage prostate cancer in both the primary and secondary staging setting can have a major impact on management. Until recently radiological staging has relied on computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and nuclear bone scans to evaluate the extent of disease. However, the utility of these imaging technologies has been limited by their sensitivity and specificity especially in detecting early recurrence. Functional imaging using positron-emission tomography with a radiolabeled ligand targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen has transformed the prostate cancer imaging landscape. Initial results suggest that it is a substantial improvement over conventional imaging in the setting of recurrence following primary therapy by having a superior ability to detect disease and to do so at an earlier stage. Additionally, it appears that the benefits seen in the secondary staging setting may also exist in the primary staging setting.
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Niranjan J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Sathianathen
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Lawrentschuk
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Declan G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Murphy
keywords: Local neoplasm recurrence; Positron-emission tomography; Prostatic neoplasms; X-ray computed tomography