title: Antibacterial and antiviral effectiveness of two household water treatment devices that use monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene.
abstract: Many different household water treatment (HWT) methods have been researched and promoted to mitigate the serious burden of diarrheal disease in developing countries. However, HWT methods using bromine have not been extensively evaluated. Two gravity-fed HWT devices (AquaSure™ and Waterbird™) were used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of HaloPure®Br beads (monobrominated hydantoinylated polystyrene) that deliver bromine. As water flows over the beads, reactive bromine species are eluted, which inactivate microorganisms. To assess log10reduction values (LRVs) for Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, bacteriophage MS2, human adenovirus 2 (HAdV2), and murine norovirus (MN), these organisms were added to potable water and sewage-contaminated water. These organisms were quantified before and after water treatment by the HWT devices. On average, 6 LRVs against Vibrio were attained, as well as 5 LRVs against Salmonella, 4 LRVs against MS2, 5 LRVs against HAdV2, and 3 LRVs against MN. Disinfection was similar regardless of whether sewage was present. Polymer beads delivering bromine to drinking water are a potentially effective and useful component of HWT methods in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, 232 S. Capitol Avenue, mail code L05F, Lansing, MI 48933, USA E-mail: engerkyl@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.affiliation: Chobani LLC, 669 County Road 25, New Berlin, NY 13411, USA.
authors.forename: Emaly S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Leak
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2100, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Tiong Gim
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Aw
authors.affiliation: Polio and Picornavirus Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC/OID/NCIRD/DVD, CLFT Building 17, Ropm 6044, MS G-17, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Coulliette
authors.affiliation: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Room 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Joan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D054879:Halogenation; D006794:Household Articles; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D060766:Drinking Water; D011137:Polystyrenes