title: Effects of Allicin on Hypertension and Cardiac Function in Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: This work was performed to study the effect of allicin on hypertension and cardiac function in a rat model of CKD. The groups were control, CKD (5/6 nephrectomy), and CKD-allicin treated (CKDA) (40 mg/kg day/p.o.). Blood pressure was monitored (weekly/6 weeks). The cardiac function, vascular response to angiotensin II, oxidative stress, and heart morphometric parameters were determined. The CKD group showed hypertension and proteinuria. The coronary perfusion and left ventricular pressures were decreased in CKD group. In contrast, the vascular response to angiotensin II and expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were increased. These data were associated with the increment in morphometric parameters (weight of heart and left ventricle, heart/BW and left ventricular mass index, and wall thickness). Concurrently, the oxidative stress was increased and correlated inversely with the expression of Nrf2, Keap1, and antioxidant enzymes Nrf2-regulated. Allicin treatment attenuated hypertension and improved the renal and the cardiac dysfunctions; furthermore, it decreased the vascular reactivity to angiotensin II, AT1R overexpression, and preserved morphometric parameters. Allicin also downregulated Keap1 and increased Nrf2 expression, upregulated the antioxidant enzymes, and reduced oxidative stress. In conclusion, allicin showed an antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, and antioxidant effects, likely through downregulation of AT1R and Keap1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; Chronic Degenerative Diseases Laboratory, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ehécatl M A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3612-2603
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: García-Trejo
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Abraham S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1004-0685
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arellano-Buendía
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4876-0055
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Argüello-García
authors.affiliation: Histopathology Laboratory, Research Subdivision, School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Donatello 43, 03910 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2255-1762
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Loredo-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Fernando E
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1545-9765
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: García-Arroyo
authors.affiliation: Chronic Degenerative Diseases Laboratory, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Mónica G
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2462-4363
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Arellano-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: María C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1192-6776
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Castillo-Hernández
authors.affiliation: Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guevara-Balcázar
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Edilia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9718-6854
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Lozada
authors.affiliation: Renal Physiopathology Laboratory, Department of Nephrology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", 14080 Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: Horacio
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9238-4202
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osorio-Alonso
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004220:Disulfides; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013441:Sulfinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004220:Disulfides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D013441:Sulfinic Acids; C006452:allicin