title: Efficacy of Gold Nanoparticles against Nephrotoxicity Induced by Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Mice.
abstract: In this study, the ameliorative effects of gold nanoparticles (gold NP) on the renal tissue damage in Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni)-infected mice was investigated.
  
  
  
  High-resolution transmission electron microscopy was used for the characterization of NP. The gold NP at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 μg/kg body weight were inoculated into S. mansoni-infected mice.
  
  
  
  The parasite caused alterations in the histological architecture. Furthermore, it induced a significant reduction in the renal glutathione levels; however, the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were significantly elevated. The parasite also managed to downregulate KIM-1, NGAL, MCP-1, and TGF-β mRNA expression in infected animals. Notably, gold NP treatment in mice reduced the extent of histological impairment and renal oxidative damage. Gold NP were able to regulate gene expression impaired by S. Mansoni infection.
  
  
  
  The curative effect of gold NP against renal toxicity in S. mansoni-infected mice is associated with their role as free radical scavengers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Eg.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dkhil
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Eg.
authors.forename: Mona F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt; Department of Laboratory Sciences, College of Science & Arts, Al-Rass, Qassim University, AL-Qaseam 51921, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Amira A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bauomy
authors.affiliation: Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control & Research (NODCAR), Giza 12553, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa Sm
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Diab
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Quraishy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006046:Gold / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D006046:Gold
keywords: Gene expression; Gold nanoparticles; Histopathology; Oxidative stress; Renal damage; Schistosomiasis