title: Relatively Long Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presenting With Carcinoid Syndrome.
abstract: Hepatocelluar carcinoma is one of the commonest cancers in Nigeria. Some patients may manifest a variety of paraneoplastic syndromes. Carcinoid syndrome is an extremely rare presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma. A 57-year old man presented with recurrent facial flushing and diarrhea, tricuspid regurgitation, and very high level of urinary hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA) as the first manifestation of a multicentric hepatic lesion which proved histologically to be hepatocellular carcinoma. The lesions also exhibited arterial hypervascularization on contrast enhanced computerized tomography. The patient is still alive after 6 years of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozall, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Sylvester Chuks
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Nwokediuko
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozall, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ijoma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchenna
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozall, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ofoegbu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Esther
authors.affiliation: Departments of Morbid Anatomy, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozall, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Okafor
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Okechukwu
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiation Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku/Ozall, Enugu, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Onuh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Augustine
authors.affiliation: Divine Charity Clinic, 6 Emaya Lane, Near Peemos Place GRA, Warri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ajuyah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charity
keywords: Carcinoid syndrome; Hepatocelluar carcinoma; Paraneoplastic syndrome; Survival