title: A Meta-Analysis of Cultural Adaptations of Psychological Interventions.
abstract: Forehand and Kotchick (1996) issued a wake-up call to the field to develop culturally responsive interventions. Since that time, 11 meta-analyses on culturally adapted interventions have been conducted. To reconcile the differences of the previous meta- analyses, a new meta-analysis was conducted that included 13,998 participants, 95% of whom were non-European American, in 78 studies evaluating culturally adapted interventions with psychopathology outcomes. Using a random effects multilevel regression model, the overall effect size (g = 0.67, p < .001) favored the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions over other conditions (no intervention, other interventions). There was a medium effect size favoring the effectiveness of culturally adapted interventions over unadapted versions of the same intervention (g = .52). The overall effect size was moderated by whether the study involved treatment (g = .76) vs. prevention (g = .25, p = .03) and whether the study involved specific measures of mood or anxiety symptoms (g = .76) vs. general measures of psychopathology (g = .48, p = .02). Culturally adapted interventions had 4.68 times greater odds than other conditions to produce remission from psychopathology (p < .001) in 16 studies that reported remission. There were greater effects in no intervention control designs (marginal odds ratio = 9.80) than in manualized intervention (marginal odds ratio = 3.47, p = .03) or another active, nonmanualized intervention (marginal odds ratio = 3.38, p = .04) comparison designs in remission studies. Research has yet to adequately investigate whether culturally adapted or unadapted interventions impact culture-specific psychopathology. These findings indicate a continuing need for rigor in the conceptualization and measurement of culture- specific psychopathology and in developing culturally responsive interventions.
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon. Electronic address: gnhall@uoregon.edu.
authors.forename: Gordon C Nagayama
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon.
authors.forename: Alicia Yee
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Ibaraki
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon.
authors.forename: Ellen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Oregon Research Institute.
authors.forename: C Nathan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Marti
authors.affiliation: Oregon Research Institute.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stice
mesh_terms: D003469:Culture; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*
keywords: cultural adaptations; ethnic minorities; meta-analysis; psychopathology; psychotherapy