title: New Imaging Technologies To Characterize Arrhythmic Substrate.
abstract: The cornerstone of the new imaging technologies to treat complex arrhythmias is the electroanatomic (EAM) mapping. It is based on tissue characterization and in particular on determination of low potential region and dense scar definition. Recently, the identification of fractionated isolated late potentials increased the specificity of the information derived from EAM. In addition, non-invasive tools and their integration with EAM, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scanning, have been shown to be helpful to characterize the arrhythmic substrate and to guide the mapping and the ablation. Finally, intracardiac echocardiography, known to be useful for several practical uses in the setting of electrophysiological procedures, it has been also demonstrated to provide important informations about the anatomical substrate and may have potential to identify areas of scarred myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dello Russo
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Ghaliah
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Al-Mohani
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casella
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzamiglio
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carbucicchio
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fassini
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moltrasio
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tundo
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchetti
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Majocchi
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bologna
authors.affiliation: St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Luigi Di
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Biase
authors.affiliation: St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natale
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy.|St. David's Medical Center , Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tondo