title: Neighbourly support of people with chronic illness; is it related to neighbourhood social capital?
abstract: The neighbourhood may provide resources for health. It is to date unknown whether people who live in neighbourhoods with more social capital have more access to practical and emotional support by neighbours, or whether this is a resource only available to those who are personally connected to people in their neighbourhood. We investigated whether support by neighbours of people with chronic illness was related to neighbourhood social capital and to individual neighbourhood connections. Furthermore, we investigated whether support received from neighbours by people with chronic illness differed according to demographic and disease characteristics. We collected data on support by neighbours and individual connections to neighbours among 2272 people with chronic illness in 2015. Data on neighbourhood social capital were collected among 69,336 people in 3425 neighbourhoods between May 2011 and September 2012. Neighbourhood social capital was estimated with ecometric measurements. We conducted multilevel regression analyses. People with chronic illness were more likely to receive practical and emotional support from neighbours if they had more individual connections to people in their neighbourhood. People with chronic illness were not more likely to receive practical and emotional support from neighbours if they lived in a neighbourhood with more social capital. People with chronic illness with moderate physical disabilities or with comorbidity, and people with chronic illness who lived together with their partner or children, were more likely to receive support from neighbours. To gain more insight into the benefits of neighbourhood social capital, it is necessary to differentiate between the resources only accessible through individual connections to people in the neighbourhood and resources provided through social capital on the neighbourhood level.
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: g.waverijn@nivel.nl.
authors.forename: Geeke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waverijn
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.heymans@nivel.nl.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heijmans
authors.affiliation: NIVEL, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Otterstraat 118 - 124, 3513, CR, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Utrecht University, Department of Sociology, Department of Human Geography, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: p.groenewegen@nivel.nl.
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055361:Multilevel Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D066270:Social Capital; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Chronic illness; Health; Individual social capital; Informal support; Neighbourhood social capital