title: Bleomycin Suppresses the Proliferation and the Mobility of Human Gastric Cancer Cells Through the Smad Signaling Pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extensive studies have demonstrated that Bleomycin (BLM) is a glycopeptide antibiotic that has been used as an anticancer chemotherapeutic reagent. It can induce both single- and double-strand DNA damage, inhibit synthesis of DNA, suppress proliferation, and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Smad signaling transducers are considered as important molecules in tumor development and progression, and may closely be related to the biological behaviors of some malignant carcinomas, including gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of different concentrations of BLM on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion on gastric cancer cell lines MKN45 and AGS were assayed by using CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI double staining, PI staining, and transwell assay. Western blot and Immunohistochemistry were applied to analyze the potential mechanism(s).
  
  
  RESULTS
  BLM treatment resulted in a low proliferation, high apoptosis, low migration and invasion in MKN45 and AGS cells. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms underlying that Smad3 activity could be changed after binding with BLM, and subsequently the Smad signaling pathway had a cascade response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight BLM as an exciting theme for gastric cancer treatment, which may represent an effective clinical therapeutic reagent for gastric cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jin-Fang
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Cui
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: You-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Hai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010641:Phenotype; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D051785:Smad Proteins; D001761:Bleomycin