title: Functional characterization of recombinant major envelope protein (rB2L) of orf virus.
abstract: Orf, or contagious ecthyma, a highly contagious transboundary disease of sheep and goats, is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus (ORFV) belonging to the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae. The ORFV genome encodes the major envelope proteins B2L and F1L, which have been found to be highly immunogenic and have multiple functional characteristics. In order to investigate the functional properties of the B2L protein, in this study, the B2L gene of ORFV strain 59/05, encoding recombinant mature B2L (aa1M-D334), was produced as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The functional characteristics of purified rB2L fusion protein (~60 kDa) were evaluated in vivo and in vitro, showing that this protein had lipase and immunomodulatory activities. Immunization trials involving laboratory animals (mice, rabbits and guinea pigs) using either constant or graded doses of rB2L fusion protein with or without adjuvants (FCA, alum) as well as co-administration with candidate rErns-Ag protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) indicated that the rB2L protein is immunogenic and has immunomodulatory properties. This study shows the potential utility of the rB2L protein as a safe and novel adjuvant in veterinary vaccine formulations.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.|Pox Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Nainital (District), Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Revanaiah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yogisharadhya
authors.affiliation: Pox Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Nainital (District), Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, 560 012, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Raghavendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramappa
authors.affiliation: Pox Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Nainital (District), Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Gnanavel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.affiliation: FMD Laboratory, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), H A Farm, Hebbal, Bengaluru, 560 024, Karnataka, India. bhanu6467@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Veerakyathappa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhanuprakash
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, 560 064, Karnataka, India.|Pox Virus Laboratory, Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Nainital (District), Mukteswar, 263 138, Uttarakhand, India.
authors.forename: Sathish Bhadravati
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shivachandra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004474:Ecthyma, Contagious / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007114:Immunization; D008049:Lipase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009923:Orf virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D008049:Lipase