title: Extracellular functions of 14-3-3 adaptor proteins.
abstract: 14-3-3s are a family of adaptor proteins with a wide range of roles in cell signaling. Although they are primarily localized within the cytosol, 14-3-3s are also known to be present in the extracellular environment. Externalization of 14-3-3 can occur as a result of cell death or physiologically via release in exosomes. Interesting biological activities with relevance for tissue homeostasis and disease are now being described for extracellular 14-3-3s. Moreover, aminopeptidase N (APN) has been identified as a cell surface receptor for 14-3-3s. Here we review the array of bioactivities that have been ascribed to extracellular 14-3-3s and discuss applications as biomarkers and as targets for drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada. Electronic address: andrew.kaplan@mail.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Mardja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada.
authors.forename: Alyson E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004194:Disease; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins
keywords: 14-3-3; APN; Biomarker; CD13; Exosome; MMP; Stratifin