title: When size matters: differences in demineralized bone matrix particles affect collagen structure, mesenchymal stem cell behavior, and osteogenic potential.
abstract: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is a natural, collagen-based, osteoinductive biomaterial. Nevertheless, there are conflicting reports on the efficacy of this product. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether DBM collagen structure is affected by particle size and can influence DBM cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity. Sheep cortical bone was ground and particles were divided in three fractions with different sizes, defined as large (L, 1-2 mm), medium (M, 0.5-1 mm), and small (S, <0.5 mm). After demineralization, the chemical-physical analysis clearly showed a particle size-dependent alteration in collagen structure, with DBM-M being altered but not as much as DBM-S. DBM-M displayed a preferable trend in almost all biological characteristics tested, although all DBM particles revealed an optimal cytocompatibility. Subcutaneous implantation of DBM particles into immunocompromised mice resulted in bone induction only for DBM-M. When sheep MSC were seeded onto particles before implantation, all DBM particles were able to induce new bone formation with the best incidence for DBM-M and DBM-S. In conclusion, the collagen alteration in DBM-M is likely the best condition to promote bone induction in vivo. Furthermore, the choice of 0.5-1 mm particles may enable to obtain more efficient and consistent results among different research groups in bone tissue-engineering applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1019-1033, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dozza
authors.affiliation: WAPH Technology Corp. 1920 N Commerce Parkway, Weston, Florida, 33326.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Lesci
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duchi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. Massarenti 9, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Della Bella
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salamanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Division of Human Anatomy, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falconi
authors.affiliation: Cell Culture Centre, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Bianchi 9, Brescia, 25124, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinotti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lucarelli
authors.affiliation: Osteoarticolar Regeneration Laboratory, 3rd Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic Prevalently Oncologic, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, via di Barbiano 1/10, Bologna, 40136, Italy.|Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via G. C. Pupilli 1, Bologna, 40136, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Donati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010012:Osteogenesis; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen
keywords: collagen structure; demineralized bone matrix; mesenchymal stem cells; osteoinduction; particle size