title: Actual use of pocket-sized ultrasound devices for cardiovascular examination by trained physicians during a hospitalist rotation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In actual clinical practice as opposed to published studies, the application of bedside ultrasound requires a perception of need, confidence in one's skills, and convenience.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  As the frequency of ultrasound usage is evidence to its perceived value in patient care, we observed the pattern of autonomous use of a pocket-sized device (PSD) by ultrasound-trained residents during a night hospitalist rotation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive internal medicine residents (n=24), trained in a cardiac limited ultrasound examination (CLUE) as a mandatory part of their curriculum, were sampled on their PSD use after their admitting nights, regarding perceived necessity, deterring factors, detected abnormalities, and imaging difficulties. A detailed analysis was performed with one resident who used a PSD on every admission to compare the proportion of abnormal CLUEs and utility in patients with and without a perceived need.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Residents admitted 542 patients (mean age: 55±17 years, range: 17-95 years) during 101 shifts and performed CLUE on 230 patients (42%, range: 17-85%). Residents elected not to scan 312 (58%) patients due to 1) lack of perceived necessity (231, 74%), 2) time constraints (44, 14%), and 3) patient barriers (37, 12%). In the detailed analysis (n=71), the resident felt CLUE was necessary in 32 (45%) patients versus unnecessary in 39 (55%) patients, with abnormality rates of 50% versus 20.5% (p=0.01) and utility rates of 28.1% versus 15.4% (p=0.25), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When unbiased residents acting as hospitalists are provided with a PSD to augment initial cardiac examination, usage is frequent and suggests clinical value in hospital medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Medical Education, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Medical Education, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Dahms
authors.affiliation: Scripps Translational Science Institute, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waalen
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Medical Education, Scripps Mercy Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA; kimura.bruce@scrippshealth.org.
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kimura
keywords: echocardiography; hand-carried ultrasound; hospital medicine; hospitalist; pocket-sized; point-of-care ultrasound