title: Rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for effectiveness of primary production interventions to control Salmonella in beef and pork.
abstract: Non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. (hereafter referred to as Salmonella) on beef and pork is an important cause of foodborne illness and death globally. A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to reduce Salmonella prevalence or concentration in beef and pork was undertaken. A broad search was conducted in Scopus and CAB abstracts. Each citation was appraised using screening tools tested a priori. Level 1 relevance screening excluded irrelevant citations; level 2 confirmed relevance and categorized studies. Data were then extracted, and intervention categories were descriptively summarized. Meta-analysis was performed to provide a summary estimate of treatment effect where two or more studies investigated the same intervention in comparable populations. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the confidence in the estimated measures of intervention effect for data subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Big Sky Health Analytics, P.O. Box 3339, Vermilion AB T9X 2B3, Canada. Electronic address: barbwilhelm16@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, POD 247E, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Food Safety and Quality Unit, Agriculture and Consumer Protection Department, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.affiliation: World Health Organization, Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Food Safety Principles, 558 Pullenvale Road, Pullenvale, Queensland 4069, Australia.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Desmarchelier
authors.affiliation: Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrijana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rajić
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005517:Foodborne Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000502:physiology*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013552:Swine