title: New Strategies in Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Searching for Biomarkers to Tailor Endocrine and Other Targeted Therapies.
abstract: Although major advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer have led to new therapies that have substantially improved patient outcomes, endocrine-resistant disease still remains a leading cause of breast cancer mortality. Comprehensive molecular profiling of breast cancers has highlighted tremendous tumor heterogeneity, and analysis of paired primary and metastatic tumors has shown the evolution that can occur during acquired resistance to systemic therapies. Novel techniques for monitoring tumor load under treatment pressure, including "liquid biopsy" techniques, such as circulating free tumor DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor cells, have shown promise as biomarkers to direct treatment without invasive tumor biopsies. However, more research is needed to deepen our understanding of breast cancer alterations under treatment pressure to reveal mechanisms of drug resistance and apply precision medicine in biomarker-driven clinical trials.Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1126-31. ©2016 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Rachel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jankowitz
authors.affiliation: Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Steffi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oesterreich
authors.affiliation: Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Adrian V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. ndavidson@fredhutch.org.|Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000074141:Circulating Tumor DNA / Q000097:blood*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D057285:Precision Medicine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000074141:Circulating Tumor DNA; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha