title: The common genetic variants of toll-like receptor and susceptibilityto adenoid hypertrophy: a hospital-based cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is one of the most frequent pediatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TLR2-R753Q, TLR4-T399I, and TLR4-D299G polymorphisms in children with AH.
  
  
  METHODS
  The variants of the TLR gene were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis in 60 patients with AH and in 50 healthy children. Data were analyzed with SNPStats and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the presence of the G allele, the AG+GG and AG genotypes at TLR4-D299G, and the GGT haplotype were associated with AH in children (P = 0.013, P = 0.02, P = 0.038, and P = 0.001, respectively). On the contrary, no association was found between TLR2-R753Q and predisposition to AH. The CT genotype at TLR4-T399I showed a sex-specific association with AH, occurring only in boys with allergies (P = 0.0048). In addition, MDR analysis indicated a strong synergy between TLR gene markers contributing to AH. Allergic children with the diplotypes that included minor alleles of TLR4-D299G or TLR4-T399I had about a 4-fold increased risk for AH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Common genetic variants of the gene encoding the TLR4 protein may have differential effects on AH and the presence of sex-specific allergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Clinic, Atatürk Education and Research Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Babademez
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Clinic, Yenimahalle Education and Research Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Talih
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Özdaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Adana Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Özdaş
mesh_terms: D000234:Adenoids; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: Adenoid hypertrophy; PCR-RFLP; TLR2-R753Q; TLR4-D299G; TLR4-T399I; allergy; polymorphism