title: "I didn't think we'd be dealing with stuff like this": A qualitative study of volunteer support for very disadvantaged pregnant women and new mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to identify the particular issues associated with volunteer support for very disadvantaged mothers (who were young, had insecure immigration status, were recent migrants whose English was poor,misused drugs or alcohol, or were involved in crime), from the perspective of the volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  a qualitative descriptive study, informed by phenomenological social psychology. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out between July 2013 and March 2015. Interview transcripts were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  nine volunteer support projects for pregnant women and new mothers, run by third sector organisations in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 volunteer supporters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  three key themes were identified: 'Meeting challenges', 'Needing support' and 'Identifying successes'. 'Meeting challenges' contained the subthemes 'making the relationship of trust','remaining non-judgemental', 'maintaining boundaries' and 'dealing with child protection'. 'Needing support' contained the subthemes 'feeling prepared', 'feeling supported' and 'staying safe'. 'Identifying successes' contained the subthemes 'celebrating the small wins', 'validation as a mother', and 'supporting access to services'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  volunteers were able to build strong, empowering relationships with some very disadvantaged women during pregnancy and afterwards, including where the mothers did not readily engage with professionals. However, supporting women with complex needs is emotionally challenging and volunteers need to be carefully selected, realistically trained and robustly supervised and supported during their volunteering.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  third sector organisations offering volunteer support for pregnant women and new mothers can be valuable partners in reaching very disadvantaged women who may find it difficult to engage with services. Volunteers can build up a relationship of trust with vulnerable mothers over time, but need to be well supported to do this safely and effectively.
authors.affiliation: Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK. Electronic address: jenny.mcleish@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLeish
authors.affiliation: Policy Research Unit in Maternal Health and Care, National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK. Electronic address: maggie.redshaw@npeu.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Redshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003153:Community Health Services; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012944:Social Support; D014838:Volunteers / Q000523:psychology*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Disadvantaged women; Health inequalities; Postnatal; Pregnancy; Qualitative analysis; Volunteer support