title: Identification and characterization of protein 14-3-3 in carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini.
abstract: Protein 14-3-3s are abundant phospho-serine/threonine binding proteins, which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Members of this protein family mediate metabolism and signal transduction networks through binding to hundreds of other protein partners. Protein 14-3-3s have been studied in other species of parasitic helminthes, but little is known about this protein in the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini. In this study, we identified and characterized protein 14-3-3s of O. viverrini. Seven protein 14-3-3 encoded sequences were retrieved from the O. viverrini genome database. Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Two isoforms (protein 14-3-3 zeta and protein 14-3-3 epsilon) that have been previously found in the excretory-secretory (ES) products of O. viverrini were produced as recombinant protein in E. coli and the proteins were then used to immunize mice to obtain specific antibodies. Western blot analysis showed that both proteins were detected in all obtainable developmental stages of O. viverrini and the ES products. Immunolocalization revealed that both isoforms were expressed throughout tissues and organs except the gut epithelium. The highest expression was observed in testes especially in developing spermatocytes, suggesting their role in spermatogenesis. Prominent expression was also detected on tegumental surface of the parasite and on epical surface of bile duct epithelium indicates their additional role in host-parasite interaction. These findings indicate that protein 14-3-3s play important role in the life cycle of the parasite and might be involved in the pathogenesis of O. viverrini infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Alok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafle
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pranom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puchadapirom
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sirikanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Plumworasawat
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rieofarng
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dontumprai
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Waraporn
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan-On
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sureemas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buates
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thewarach
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
authors.forename: Banchob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sripa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Rd., Phyathai, Rachthewee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand. Electronic address: sutasu@kku.ac.th.
authors.forename: Sutas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suttiprapa
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D030781:Organisms, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Excretory-secretory products; Host-parasite interaction; Opisthorchis viverrini; Protein 14-3-3; Spermatogenesis