title: Use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in pediatric patients.
abstract: Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is a vital tool for assessing bone health in patients at risk for fragility fractures. In pediatric patients, this technology is used in conjunction with clinical fracture history to diagnosis osteoporosis and monitor treatment response. Childhood and adolescence is characterized by linear growth and bone mass accrual; thus there are important differences in the interpretation of bone measurements obtained by DXA in these young patients. This review aims to explore the current indications for DXA use and interpretation of DXA in the pediatric age group using currently available reference databases. Limitations of DXA in pediatric patients, specifically in children with short stature, will be explored. We will review several pathophysiologic mechanisms that may lead to low bone density in children, discussing representative diseases and the recommendations for monitoring bone health with DXA in these conditions. Finally, we will highlight new methods by which DXA imaging can gather additional information on bone health in children and may improve our ability to predict fractures and osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 7012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: halley.wasserman@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Halley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.affiliation: Department of Adolescent and Transitional Medicine, 3244 Burnet Avenue MLC 4000, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: jmo186@rwjms.rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 7012, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Adolescent and Transitional Medicine, 3244 Burnet Avenue MLC 4000, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: catherine.gordon@cchmc.org.
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Child; Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry; Pediatrics