title: Comparing industry compensation of cardiothoracic surgeons and interventional cardiologists.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare payment trends between cardiothoracic surgeons and interventional cardiologists using the Open Payments website made available for the public by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services.
  
  
  
  Data were extracted from the second release of the Open Payments database, which includes payments made between August 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014. Total payments to individual physicians were aggregated based on specialty, region of the country, and payment type. The Gini index was calculated for each specialty to measure income disparity. A Gini index of 1 indicates all the payments went to one individual, whereas a Gini index of 0 indicates all individuals received equal payments.
  
  
  
  During the study period of interest, data were made available for 3587 (80%) cardiothoracic surgeons compared with 2957 (99%) interventional cardiologists. Mean total payments to cardiothoracic surgeons were $7770 (standard deviation, $52,608) compared with a mean of $15,221 (standard deviation, $98,828) for interventional cardiologists. The median total payments to cardiothoracic surgeons was $1050 (interquartile range, $233-$3612) compared with $1851 (interquartile range, $607-$5462) for interventional cardiologists. The overall Gini index was 0.932, whereas the Gini index was 0.862 for interventional cardiologists and 0.860 for cardiothoracic surgeons.
  
  
  
  The vast majority of interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons received payments from drug and device manufacturers. The mean total payments to interventional cardiologists were higher than any other specialty. However, like cardiothoracic surgery, they were among the most equitably distributed compared with other specialties.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Miami, Atlantis, Florida. Electronic address: josh.parreco@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parreco
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami, Atlantis, Florida.
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Miami, Atlantis, Florida.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozol
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, JFK Medical Center, Atlantis, Florida.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faber
mesh_terms: D002309:Cardiology / Q000191:economics*; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D066192:Manufacturing Industry / Q000191:economics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000191:economics*
keywords: Cardiothoracic surgery; Compensation; Interventional cardiology; Payment; Sunshine act