title: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) into Turkish and to assess its reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Turkish version of the OMAS (OMAS-Tr) was developed after the translation and back-translation, which included the stages recommended by Beaton. The OMAS-Tr was administered to one hundred patients (49 females, 51 males; average age: 42.3 ± 17.7; range 16-81 years) with malleolar fractures. The OMAS-Tr was completed twice by each participant at 7- to 10-days intervals to assess test-retest reliability based on the interrater correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach's alpha evaluated internal consistency. The external validity was evaluated with correlations between the Turkish version of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and the Turkish version of the SF-12 questionnaire. The distribution of floor and ceiling effects was also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84) and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.98) were excellent. The mean interval between the two tests was 8.6 ± 1.4 days. The mean and standard deviation of the first and second assessments of the OMAS-Tr were 74.1 ± 23.7 and 75.7 ± 23.9, respectively. There was a strong correlation between the OMAS-Tr and the FAAM subscales on activities of daily living and sports (r = 0.86, r = 0.83; p < 0.001, respectively). The OMAS-Tr displayed very good to good correlation with the SF-12 physical component score and the SF-12 mental component score (r = 0.72, r = 0.60, p < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OMAS-Tr was a valid and reliable tool to assess ankle fracture-related problems. Nonetheless, further studies are needed to assess its responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, diagnostic study.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: dregementurhan@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Egemen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turhan
authors.affiliation: Ankara Bayındır Hospital, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Söğütözü, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alişan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daylak
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gazi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huri
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut Nedim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Doral
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Derya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Çelik
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D064386:Ankle Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000072700:Conservative Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations; D014421:Turkey
keywords: Ankle fracture; Olerud-Molander Ankle Score; Reliability; Score; Validity