title: Protective effects of hydroxytyrosol on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gentamicin (GM) is an effective and common antibiotic against severe gram-negative infections. However, its nephrotoxic action has limited the extent of its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male mice (n = 27) were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) Sham, (2) GM (100 mg/kg for 7 days) (3) GM + HT (2 mg/kg BW; gastric gavages, for 7 days). 24-h urine samples were collected on day 8 and then animal were anesthetized. The blood and kidney tissue samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gentamicin led to increase in plasma BUN and creatinine, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium and decrease in creatinine clearance and urine flow rate. SOD and GSH levels were reduced and MDA was increased in the GM group compared with the sham group. In GM + HT group, plasma BUN and creatinine, fractional excretion of Na, creatinine clearance and urine flow rate were decreased in contrast to GM group. Increase in SOD and GSH activity and decrease in MDA compared to GM group were seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that HT partly protected the kidneys from gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity and it is partly due to antioxidant effect of HT.
authors.affiliation: Vice-Chancellery of Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Electronic address: nahmadianch@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nooshin Ahmadian
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Chashmi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address: sarvemadi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sarvenaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emadi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran. Electronic address: h_khastar@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khastar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D014554:Urination
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005839:Gentamicins; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D012964:Sodium; D003404:Creatinine; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Antioxidant; Gentamicin; Hydroxytyrosol; Nephrotoxicity