title: Hydrolysis of Dicaffeoylquinic Acids from Ilex kudingcha Happens in the Colon by Intestinal Microbiota.
abstract: Monocaffeoylquinic acids (mono-CQAs) can be hydrolyzed or metabolized by pancreatin, intestinal brush border esterase, and microbiota in the colon. Data about the conversion of dicaffeoylquinic acids (diCQAs) in digestion are scarce. The diCQA-rich fraction including 3,4-, 3,5-, and 4,5-diCQAs was prepared from Ilex kudingcha, and the conversion in simulated gastricintestine was investigated. Artificial saliva, gastric and pancreatic fluids, Caco-2 monolayer cells, and anaerobic fermentation model were utilized to mimic digestions of the oral cavity, stomach, small intestine, and colon in vitro. The results revealed that diCQAs remained intact in simulated saliva, gastric, and pancreatic fluids and within Caco-2 cells. In anaerobic fermentation with human fecal slurry, diCQAs were hydrolyzed to mono-CQAs and caffeic acid, which were further metabolized to caffeic acid and dihydrocaffeic acid, respectively. The hydrolysis of diCQAs depended on the chemical structures, carbohydrates in the culture medium, and microbial compositions. Our research demonstrated that hydrolysis of diCQAs happened in the colon by intestinal microbiota.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Minhao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Guijie
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shiyi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2954-3896
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D030017:Ilex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C472707:caffeoylquinic acid; D011801:Quinic Acid
keywords: dicaffeoylquinic acid; digestion in vitro; intestinal microbiota; kudingcha