title: Longitudinal person-centered measurement: A psychometric evaluation of the Preparedness for Colorectal Cancer Surgery Questionnaire (PCSQ).
abstract: The Preparedness for Colorectal Cancer Surgery Questionnaire (PCSQ) was previously developed in Swedish to assess patients' knowledge seeking and sense making capabilities. Aiming to measure preparedness at different phases during the pre-surgery and recovery period, the objectives were to (a) evaluate psychometric properties of the longitudinal PCSQ, (b) establish measurement invariance over time, and (c) describe change in preparedness.
  
  
  
  Elective colorectal cancer surgery patients completed a questionnaire at five time points from pre-surgery until 6 months post-surgery (n=250). The longitudinal PCSQ consists of 23 items measuring four domains: Searching for and making use of information, Understanding and involvement in care, Making sense of recovery, Support and access to care. Psychometric analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis, were applied to evaluate internal consistency reliability and ascertain invariance over time of the measurement structure and parameters.
  
  
  
  The psychometric analyses revealed good fit of the measurement models, high internal consistency reliability (≥.94), and support for configural, metric and scalar measurement invariance of the four PCSQ domains. Patients reported lower levels of preparedness after surgery than pre-surgery.
  
  
  
  The adapted version of the PCSQ can be used for longitudinal analyses.
  
  
  
  The measurement of preparedness is important for evaluating person-centred outcomes before and during recovery from colorectal cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Trinity Western University, 7600 Glover Road, Langley, BC, V2Y 1Y1, Canada; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, 588-1081 Burrard Street, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada. Electronic address: Rick.Sawatzky@twu.ca.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sawatzky
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Providence Health Care Research Institute, 588-1081 Burrard Street, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada; School of Nursing, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada. Electronic address: lrussell@cheos.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Lara
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: febe.friberg@uis.no.
authors.forename: Febe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, P.O. Box 457, SE-40539 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 457, SES-49539 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/East, SE_41685 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: eva.k.carlsson@vgregion.se.
authors.forename: Eva K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, P.O. Box 457, SE-40539 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 457, SES-49539 Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Vascular Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: monica.pettersson@gu.se.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.affiliation: University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, P.O. Box 457, SE-40539 Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 457, SES-49539 Gothenburg, Sweden. Electronic address: joakim.ohlen@gu.se.
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Öhlén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000592:standards*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Enhanced recovery after surgery; Longitudinal measurement; Measurement invariance; Patient education; Person-centred care; Preparedness; Psychometric analysis; Recovery; Surgical care; Wellbeing