title: The impact of gender difference on operative time in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumor and the utility of retroperitoneal fat thickness as a predictor of operative time.
abstract: To investigate the impact of biological gender on operative parameters, especially operative time, in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for T1 renal tumor.
  
  
  
  One hundred and eleven (28 female and 83 male) patients and 64 (20 female and 44 male) patients with renal tumors suspected to be RCC cT1aN0M0 who underwent retroperitoneal and transperitoneal LPN, respectively, were analyzed. The influence of sex on operative factors including retroperitoneal fat tissue thickness, determined on CT, was analyzed. The correlation between operative time and gender was evaluated by unpaired t-test and linear logistic regression model.
  
  
  
  In both retroperitoneal and transperitoneal LPN, the retroperitoneal fat tissue thickness was greater in men than in women. In retroperitoneal LPN, the operative time was significantly longer in men than in women. In contrast, in transperitoneal LPN, no gender difference was observed in regard to the operative time. In retroperitoneal LPN, linear logistic regression assessment showed that gender, retroperitoneal fat tissue thickness, and tumor size were significantly associated with operative time. Coefficient of determination of the prediction model was 0.317.
  
  
  
  The operative time of retroperitoneal LPN is significantly correlated with gender, maximum tumor diameter, and retroperitoneal fat tissue thickness. We have developed a prediction model for the operative time of retroperitoneal LPN based on preoperative parameters. Interestingly, in transperitoneal LPN, a gender difference in operative time was not apparent, and also predicting operative time might be difficult.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. makiya@yokohama-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakaigawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D061646:Operative Time; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Gender difference; Laparoscopy; Partial nephrectomy; Renal cancer