title: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Does the Type of Diabetes Matter?
abstract: In recent years, type 2 diabetes mellitus has evolved as a rapidly increasing epidemic that parallels the increased prevalence of obesity and which markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease across the globe. While ischemic heart disease represents the major cause of death in diabetic subjects, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC) summarizes adverse effects of diabetes mellitus on the heart that are independent of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension. DC increases the risk of heart failure (HF) and may lead to both heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie DC that partially overlap with mechanisms believed to contribute to heart failure. Nevertheless, the existence of DC remains a topic of controversy, although the clinical relevance of DC is increasingly recognized by scientists and clinicians. In addition, relatively little attention has been attributed to the fact that both underlying mechanisms and clinical features of DC may be partially distinct in type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. In the following review, we will discuss clinical and preclinical literature on the existence of human DC in the context of the two different types of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. maximilian.hoelscher@universitaets-herzzentrum.de.
authors.forename: Maximilian E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hölscher
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. christoph.bode@universitaets-herzzentrum.de.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.affiliation: Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany. heiko.bugger@universitaets-herzzentrum.de.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bugger
mesh_terms: D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D058065:Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: diabetes mellitus; diabetic cardiomyopathy; heart