title: Altered expression of hormone receptor, integrin β3 and pinopode in the endometrium of luteal phase defect women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To invistigate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), integrin β3, and pinopode expression in luteal phase deficiency (LPD) women.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 52 nulligravidas consecutive infertile patients undergoing a routine assistant reproduction consultation included in this study. An endometrial biopsy sample was randomly obtained between days 4 and 10 of the luteal phase. Endometrial morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Expressions of ER, PR, integrin β3 were determined in the endometrium of LPD patients with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of LPD was 15.3% (8/52) in this study. On day luteinizing hormone (LH) surge + 9∼LH + 10, noted regressing pinopodes resembling a day LH + 7∼LH + 8 in the endometrium of the control group. The expressions of ER and PR in glandular epithelium were significantly increased in endometrium of LPD than that in the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, there was a statistically significant decrease expression of the integrin β3 in women from the group of LPD (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered expression of ER and PR may be associated with the expression variation of integrin and pinopode formation in endometrium of LPD women. This alteration may imply the association of low rates of cycle fecundity and high rates of embryonic loss in LPD women.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Shuangge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Teng
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Shuqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.
authors.forename: Hongbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D039661:Integrin beta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D039661:Integrin beta3; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone
keywords: ER; PR; luteal phase defect; pinopodes; window of implantation