title: Energy-triggered drug release from polymer nanoparticles for orthopedic applications.
abstract: Sequestra, present in many cancers and orthopedic infections, provide a safe harbor for the development of drug resistance. In the face of burgeoning drug resistance, the importance of nanoscale, microenvironment-triggered drug delivery cannot be overestimated. Such strategies may preserve pharmaceutical efficacy and significantly alter the etiology of many orthopedic diseases. Although temperature-, pH- and redox-responsive nanoparticle-based systems have been extensively studied, local drug delivery from polymeric nanoparticles can be triggered by a variety of energy forms. This review offers an overview of the state of the field as well as a perspective on the safety and efficacy of ultrasound, hyperthermia and radio frequency-triggered internal delivery systems in a variety of applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pullan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA.
authors.forename: Austin T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Pullan
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering & Technology, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720, USA.
authors.forename: V Bryce
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D011108:Polymers; D011846:Radio Waves; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers
keywords: HIFU; LIPUS; drug delivery; drug resistance; nanoparticle; orthopedic infection; radio frequency; smart drug delivery