title: Review of the Usefulness of Various Rotational Seismometers with Laboratory Results of Fibre-Optic Ones Tested for Engineering Applications.
abstract: Starting with descriptions of rotational seismology, areas of interest and historical field measurements, the fundamental requirements for rotational seismometers for seismological and engineering application are formulated. On the above basis, a review of all existing rotational seismometers is presented with a description of the principles of their operation as well as possibilities to fulfill formulated requirements. This review includes mechanical, acoustical, electrochemical and optical devices and shows that the last of these types are the most promising. It is shown that optical rotational seismometer based on the ring-laser gyroscope concept is the best for seismological applications, whereas systems based on fiber-optic gyroscopes demonstrate parameters which are also required for engineering applications. Laboratory results of the Fibre-Optic System for Rotational Events &amp; Phenomena Monitoring using a small 1-D shaking table modified to generate rotational excitations are presented. The harmonic and time-history tests demonstrate its usefulness for recording rotational motions with rates up to 0.25 rad/s.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego St., Warsaw 00-908, Poland. jarosz@wat.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Leszek R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jaroszewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego St., Warsaw 00-908, Poland. anna.kurzych@wat.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurzych
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego St., Warsaw 00-908, Poland. zbigniew.krajewski@wat.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego St., Warsaw 00-908, Poland. pawel.marc@wat.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marć
authors.affiliation: m-Soft Ltd., 9-4 Sotta Sokoła St., Warsaw 02-790, Poland. jkk@m-soft.pl.
authors.forename: Jerzy K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Opole University of Technology, 48 Katowicka St., Opole 45-061, Poland. p.bobra@po.opole.pl.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bobra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Opole University of Technology, 48 Katowicka St., Opole 45-061, Poland. z.zembaty@po.opole.pl.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zembaty
authors.affiliation: Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, 221/223 Wólczańska St., Lodz 90-924, Poland. sakowicz@dmcs.pl.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sakowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza St., Gdansk 80-233, Poland. jankowr@pg.gda.pl.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jankowski
keywords: earthquakes; fibre-optic interferometric sensor; rotational seismometer; seismological investigation; shaking table; strong motion seismology