title: Dual-Reporter Drift Correction To Enhance the Performance of Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Sensors in Whole Blood.
abstract: The continuous, real-time monitoring of specific molecular targets in unprocessed clinical samples would enable many transformative medical applications. Electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors appear to be a promising approach to this end because of their selectivity (performance in complex samples, such as serum) and reversible, single-step operation. E-AB sensors suffer, however, from often-severe baseline drift when challenged in undiluted whole blood. In response we report here a dual-reporter approach to performing E-AB baseline drift correction. The approach incorporates two redox reporters on the aptamer, one of which serves as the target-responsive sensor and the other, which reports at a distinct, nonoverlapping redox potential, serving as a drift-correcting reference. Taking the difference in their relative signals largely eliminates the drift observed for these sensors in flowing, undiluted whole blood, reducing drift of up to 50% to less than 2% over many hours of continuous operation under these challenging conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Netzahualcóyotl
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Currás
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Rome , Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.|Consorzio Interuniversitario Biostrutture e Biosistemi "INBB" , Rome 00136, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.|Center for Bioengineering, University of California-Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Plaxco
mesh_terms: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D052157:Aptamers, Nucleotide