title: Spinal Cord Stimulation in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Review of Clinical Use, Quality of Life and Cost-Effectiveness.
abstract: Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) is complex and recurrent chronic pain after spinal surgery. Several important patient and surgery related risk factors play roles in development of FBSS. Inadequate selection of the candidates for the spinal surgeries is one of the most crucial causes. The guidelines suggest that conservative management featuring pharmacologic approaches and rehabilitation should be introduced first. For therapy-refractory FBSS, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is recommended in selected patients. Treatment efficacy for FBSS has increased over the years with the majority of patients experiencing pain relief and reduced medicinal load. Improved quality of life can also be achieved using SCS. Cost-effectiveness of SCS still remains unclear. However evidence for SCS role in FBSS is controversial, SCS can be beneficial for carefully classified patients.
authors.affiliation: Janusz Korczak Memorial Voivodeship Hospital, Słupsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemyslaw M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Waszak
authors.affiliation: Varaždin General Hospital, Varaždin, Croatia.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modrić
authors.affiliation: Students' Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paturej
authors.affiliation: Federal Almazov North-West Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Stanislav M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Malyshev
authors.affiliation: Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Przygocka
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szmuda
keywords: Failed back surgery syndrome; Low back pain; Pain management; Spinal cord stimulation