title: Evaluating an indirect rMPSP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of bovine Theileria infection in China.
abstract: Bovine theileriosis, a tick-borne protozoan disease caused by Theileria annulata, Theileria orientalis and Theileria sinensis, is widespread in China and is a serious economic problem for the Chinese livestock industry. In this study, recombinant major piroplasma surface proteins (MPSP) of T. annulata, T. orientalis and T. sinensis based on MPSP genes were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The immunogenicity and specificity of the three purified recombinant MPSP proteins were evaluated with the reference positive sera of T. annulata, T. orientalis, T. sinensis, Babesia bovis, B abesia bigemina, Babesia major, Babesia motasi, Theileria luwenshuni, Theileria uilenbergi and Anaplasma ovis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or western blotting. The results showed that all three of the rMPSP proteins had a strong reaction with the sera from cattle infected with T. annulata, T. orientalis and T. sinensis via western blotting but not with other piroplasma and Anaplasma species. Then, the rMPSP protein of T. sinensis was used to develop an iELISA for detecting the three Theileria species infections. The specificity and sensitivity were 95.7 and 95.5 %, respectively, with a threshold of 28.8 % of the specific mean antibody rate (AbR). Finally, 2473 field-collected bovine sera, from 42 prefectures of 17 provinces in China, were tested using the ELISA to evaluate the prevalence of bovine theileriosis, and the average positive rate was 43.6 %. The developed iELISA could be a suitable tool to detect the three bovine Theileria species, and the data also provided important information regarding the current prevalence of bovine theileriosis in China.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuaiyang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.|Agricultural College of Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongxi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Youquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Junren
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Aihong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Muhammad-Adeel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China.|Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China. guanguiquan@163.com.
authors.forename: Guiquan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping 1, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, People's Republic of China. ljxbn@163.com.
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016793:Babesia bovis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002417:Cattle / Q000469:parasitology; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016796:Theileria annulata / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Bovine theileriosis; ELISA; MPSP; Prevalence; Theileria sinensis