title: Simultaneous detection of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites, X11719474 and X11721061, in lettuce using a modified QuEChERS extraction method and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: An analytical method has been developed to quantify the residual levels of sulfoxaflor and its metabolites (X11719474 and X11721061) in/on cultivated lettuce grown under greenhouse conditions. Samples were extracted and purified using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe 'QuEChERS' method (original version) following systematic method optimization and were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Good linearity with coefficient of determination ≥0.9930 was obtained and the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were in the ranges of 0.003-0.006 and 0.01-0.02 mg/kg, respectively. The recovery rates of both the parent compound and its metabolites (fortified at 10 and 50× the LOQ) estimated from six replicates ranged between 81.9 and 115.5% with a relative standard deviation <12%. The validated method was applied to field-incurred samples (collected over 7 days) sprayed once or twice with a water-dispersible granule formulation. Notably, a substantial reduction in rate was observed after 3 days and the half-life was short, only 1.5 days. The developed method is simple and versatile and can be used for various leafy vegetables.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Musfiqur
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abd El-Aty
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Md Humayun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kabir
authors.affiliation: Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Biocontrol Research Center Immyeon, Gokseonggun, Jellanamdo, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Woong
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Heui
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ho-Chul
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D018545:Lactuca / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011725:Pyridines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011725:Pyridines; D013457:Sulfur Compounds; C560328:sulfoxaflor
keywords: QuEChERS; half-life; lettuce; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; residues; sulfoxaflor, metabolites