title: Inflammatory Cytokines and Lung Cancer Risk in 3 Prospective Studies.
abstract: To further investigate the role of inflammation in lung carcinogenesis, we evaluated associations between proinflammatory cytokines and lung cancer risk. We conducted a case-control study nested within 3 prospective cohort studies-the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (1990-1994), the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (1991-1996), and the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (initiated in 1985)-involving 807 incident lung cancer cases and 807 smoking-matched controls. Conditional logistic regression models adjusting for serum cotinine concentrations were used to estimate odds ratios for lung cancer risk associated with concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. We observed a higher lung cancer risk for participants with elevated concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. These associations seemed to be stronger among former smokers (for fourth quartile vs. first quartile, odds ratio (OR) = 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.55, 4.70) and current smokers (OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.44) for IL-6 and among former smokers (OR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.18, 6.75) and current smokers (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.69, 2.44) for IL-8. No notable associations were observed among never smokers. Risk associations with IL-6 and IL-8 were observed for blood samples taken close to diagnosis (<5 years) as well as more than 15 years postdiagnosis.
authors.forename: Darren R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Anouar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanidi
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grankvist
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manjer
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: cohort studies; cytokines; inflammation; lung neoplasms; risk factors