title: Metabolic alterations in paediatric GH deficiency.
abstract: Growth hormone (GH) has a large number of metabolic effects, involving lipid and glucose homoeostasis, lean and fat mass. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is associated with a metabolic profile similar to the Metabolic Syndrome which is characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, haemostatic alterations, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. GH replacement treatment in GHD children improves these cardiovascular risk factors, while cessation of GH is associated with a deterioration of most of these risk factors. However, it is unclear whether the changes of these risk factors are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases especially after discontinuing GH treatment. GH treatment itself can lead to insulin resistance, which probably also influences the cardiovascular health status. Therefore, longitudinal studies with the primary outcome cardiovascular diseases are needed in GHD children. Furthermore, new approaches such as metabolomic studies might be helpful to understand the relationship between GHD, GH treatment, and cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rothermel
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Medicine, Vestische Hospital for Children and Adolescents Datteln, University of Witten/Herdecke, Germany. Electronic address: T.Reinehr@kinderklinik-datteln.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinehr
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004393:Dwarfism, Pituitary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose
keywords: adipokines; fat mass intima; glucose metabolism; growth hormone; lipids; media thickness