title: Association of polymorphisms in GAD1 and GAD2 genes with methamphetamine dependence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Association between polymorphisms in GAD genes and methamphetamine (METH) dependence was investigated in the Thai population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genotypes of rs769404 and rs701492 in GAD1 and rs2236418 in GAD2 polymorphisms were determined in 100 METH-dependent male subjects and 102 matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genotype and allele frequencies of rs2236418 (GAD2) were associated with METH dependence and METH with psychosis, in which the G allele was related to increased risk. The presence of the rs769404-rs701492 (GAD1) C-C haplotype was associated with METH psychosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that genetic variability in GAD1 and GAD2 contributes to risk of METH dependence and METH psychosis in the Thai population and indicates the role of the GABAergic system in these disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.|Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Siriluk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Veerasakul
authors.affiliation: Synphaet Hospital, Bangkok, 10230, Thailand.
authors.forename: Paritat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Watiktinkorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.|Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Samur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thanoi
authors.affiliation: Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.|Biomedical Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
authors.forename: Gavin P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.|Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sutisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nudmamud-Thanoi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D059330:GABAergic Neurons / Q000201:enzymology; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; C402565:glutamate decarboxylase 1; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2
keywords: GABAergic system; SNP; glutamic acid decarboxylase; methamphetamine; substance dependence