title: Memorizing fruit: The effect of a fruit memory-game on children's fruit intake.
abstract: Food cues of palatable food are omnipresent, thereby simulating the intake of unhealthy snack food among children. As a consequence, this might lead to a higher intake of energy-dense snacks and less fruit and vegetables, a habit that increases the risk of developing chronic diseases. The aim of this experimental study is to examine whether playing a memory game with fruit affects fruit intake among young children. We used a randomized between-subject design with 127 children (age: 7-12 y) who played a memory-game, containing either fruit (n= 64) or non-food products (n= 63). While playing the memory-game in a separate room in school during school hours, free intake of fruit (mandarins, apples, bananas, and grapes) was measured. Afterwards, the children completed self-report measures, and length and weight were assessed. The main finding is that playing a memory-game containing fruit increases overall fruit intake (P= 0.016). Children who played the fruit version of the memory-game ate more bananas (P= 0.015) and mandarins (P= 0.036) than children who played the non-food memory-game; no effects were found for apples (P> 0.05) and grapes (P> 0.05). The findings suggest that playing a memory-game with fruit stimulates fruit intake among young children. This is an important finding because children eat insufficient fruit, according to international standards, and more traditional health interventions have limited success. Healthy eating habits of children maintain when they become adults, making it important to stimulate fruit intake among children in an enjoyable way.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nederlands Trial Register TC = 5687.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Applied Social Science and Behavioral Economics Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Frans
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Folkvord
authors.affiliation: Applied Social Science and Behavioral Economics Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dimitra Tatiana
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Anastasiadou
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Doeschka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anschütz
keywords: Fruit intake; Fruit-cues; Health promotion children; Memory-game