title: Monitoring Demands for Executive Control: Shared Functions between Human and Nonhuman Primates.
abstract: Fifteen years ago, an influential model proposed that the human dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) detects conflict and induces adaptive control of behavior. Over the years support for this model has been mixed, in particular due to divergent findings in human versus nonhuman primates. We here review recent findings that suggest greater commonalities across species. These include equivalent behavioral consequences of conflict and similar neuronal signals in the dACC, but also a common failure of dACC lesions to reliably abolish conflict-driven behavior. We conclude that conflict might be one among many drivers of adjustments in executive control and that the ACC might be just one component of overlapping distributed systems involved in context-dependent learning and behavioral control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Clayton, Australia. Electronic address: Farshad.mansouri@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Farshad A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Mansouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Egner
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D011323:Primates
keywords: anterior cingulate cortex; conflict monitoring; executive control; nonhuman primate; prefrontal cortex