title: Participation and occupation in occupational therapy models of practice: A discussion of possibilities and challenges.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupation has been the focus in occupational therapy practice to greater or lesser degrees from a historical viewpoint. This evokes a need to discuss whether concepts that are added to our field will enhance or blur our focus on occupation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore how the concept of participation in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is related to the concept of occupation by reviewing and comparing its use in three models of practice within occupational therapy. The aim was also to generate discussion on possibilities and challenges concerning the relationship of participation and occupation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The models reviewed were The Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) and the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model (OTIPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concept of participation was related to occupation in different ways in these models. Based on the review some challenges and considerations for occupational therapy were generated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relating the concept of participation from the ICF to the concept of occupation in models of practice can be challenging. At the same time, relating the concepts can be a resource to develop occupational therapy and the understanding of occupational issues in society.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Science, Occupational Therapy , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0341-6197
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsson-Lund
authors.affiliation: a Department of Health Science, Occupational Therapy , Luleå University of Technology , Luleå , Sweden.
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyman
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D064702:International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health / Q000592:standards*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009790:Occupations
keywords: ICF; the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement; the Model of Human Occupation; the Occupational Therapy Intervention Process Model