title: Stiffness Is the Cardinal Symptom of Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Diseases, Yet Still Variably Measured: Report from the OMERACT 2016 Stiffness Special Interest Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Stiffness special interest group (SIG) are to characterize stiffness as an outcome in rheumatic disease and to identify and validate a stiffness patient-reported outcome (PRO) in rheumatology.
  
  
  METHODS
  At OMERACT 2016, international groups presented and discussed results of several concurrent research projects on stiffness: a literature review of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stiffness PRO measures, a qualitative investigation into the RA and polymyalgia rheumatica patient perspective of stiffness, data-driven stiffness conceptual model development, development and testing of an RA stiffness PRO measure, and a quantitative work testing stiffness items in patients with RA and psoriatic arthritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The literature review identified 52 individual stiffness PRO measures assessing morning or early morning stiffness severity/intensity or duration. Items were heterogeneous, had little or inconsistent psychometric property evidence, and did not appear to have been developed according to the PRO development guidelines. A poor match between current stiffness PRO and the conceptual model identifying the RA patient experience of stiffness was identified, highlighting a major flaw in PRO selection according to the OMERACT filter 2.0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Discussions within the Stiffness SIG highlighted the importance of further research on stiffness and defined a research agenda.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. serena.halls@uwe.ac.uk.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. serena.halls@uwe.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halls
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Premarani
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnathurai
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hewlett
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Sarah L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mackie
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: March
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Clifton O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Rieke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alten
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Amye L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ying Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lyddiatt
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neill
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Leeds; Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Chertsey; Patient Research Partner PMR-GCA Scotland, Forest Lodge, Foulden, Berwickshire, UK; Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District; Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, New South Wales; University of Sydney, Sydney; Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide; Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, Montreal, Québec; Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto; Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade, Santa Barbara, California, USA; Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Horizon Pharma LTD, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.|S. Halls, PhD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; P. Sinnathurai, BSc(Med) MBBS, FRACP, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S. Hewlett, PhD, RN, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England; S.L. Mackie, BM, BCh, PhD, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine; L. March, MD, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, and Department of Rheumatology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and University of Sydney; S.J. Bartlett, MD, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, and Division Respiratory Epidemiology, McGill University/McGill University Health Centers, and Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; C.O. Bingham III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; R. Alten, MD, Schlosspark-Klinik, University Medicine Berlin; I. Campbell, BEd LLB, Patient Research Partner, Toronto Western Hospital; C.L. Hill, MBBS, MD, MSc, FRACP, Staff Specialist, Rheumatology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, and Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide; R.J. Holt, PharmD, MBA, University of Illinois-Chicago, and Horizon Pharma LTD; R. Hughes, MA, MD, FRCP, Department of Rheumatology, Ashford and St. Peter's NHS Foundation Trust; J.R. Kirwan, MD, Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of the West of England, and University of Bristol Academic Rheumatology Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary; A.L. Leong, MBA, Patient Partner, Healthy Motivation and Global Alliance for Musculoskeletal Health the Bone and Joint Decade; Y.Y. Leung, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital; A. Lyddiatt, Patient Research Partner, Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Institute of Population Health; L.M. Neill, BSc, CPhys, MInstP, Patient Research Partner, Trustee and Secretary, PMR-GCA Scotland; A.M. Morbai, MD, MHS, Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Ana-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Orbai
mesh_terms: D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011111:Polymyalgia Rheumatica / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012219:Rheumatology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D063189:Symptom Assessment
keywords: OMERACT; OUTCOME MEASUREMENT; STIFFNESS