title: Clostridium difficile infection: Updates in management.
abstract: Clostridium difficile was first identified in 1978 as a diarrhea-causing bacterium in humans. In the last three decades, C. difficile infection (CDI) has reached an epidemic state, both in health care and community settings worldwide. There has been substantial progress in the field of CDI, including identification of novel risk factors, presence of CDI in individuals not considered at risk previously, and treatment options including new drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and fecal microbiota transplantation. This review discusses epidemiology, novel and traditional risk factors, and updates in management for CDI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Raseen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tariq
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. khanna.sahil@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Sahil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile; D003015:Clostridium Infections; D003092:Colitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000069467:Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Clostridium difficile infection; Management; Risk factors