title: Behind the wheel: What drives the effects of error handling?
abstract: Existing research comparing error management (a strategy focusing on increasing the positive and decreasing the negative consequences of errors) to error prevention (a strategy focusing on working faultlessly), has identified error management as beneficial for multiple outcomes. Yet, due to various methodological limitations, it is unclear whether the effects previously found are due to error prevention, error management, or both. We examine this in an experimental study with a 2 (error prevention: yes vs. no) × 2 (error management: yes vs. no) factorial design. Error prevention had negative effects on cognition and adaptive transfer performance. Error management alleviated worry and boosted one's perceived self-efficacy. Overall, the results show that error prevention and error management have unique outcomes on negative affect, self-efficacy, cognition, and performance.
authors.affiliation: a Ghent University.
authors.forename: Nicoletta G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9147-7987
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Dimitrova
authors.affiliation: b University of Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Edwin A J
authors.initials: EAJ
authors.lastname: van Hooft
authors.affiliation: c VU University Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Dyck
authors.affiliation: c VU University Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Groenewegen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014163:Transfer, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognition; error; negative affect; performance; self-efficacy