title: Update on Continent Catheterizable Channels and the Timing of their Complications.
abstract: We previously reported catheterizable channel associated outcomes and concluded that the incidence of postoperative complications was greatest in the first 2 years after surgery. At that time our followup was short. In this series we sought to determine whether complications continued to accumulate with longer followup in an updated cohort of patients.
  
  
  
  We comprehensively reviewed the outcomes in 81 consecutive patients who underwent construction of a MACE (Malone antegrade continence enema) and/or a Mitrofanoff channel in association with complex genitourinary reconstruction. Mean followup was 80.1 months. Outcomes of these 119 stomas were classified by Clavien-Dindo grade and time to complication.
  
  
  
  The 48 unique, channel related events (40.3%) necessitated a total of 70 interventions with a mean 24.2 months to the first event. Difficult catheterization was the most common event, occurring in 20.1% of channels an average of 29.9 months after surgery. Stomal stenosis was also common, developing in 12.6% of channels at an average of 19.9 months after surgery. Unique complications clustered in the first 2 years, after which there was a statistically significant decline (p = 0.0013). High grade complications similarly clustered (p <0.0001). Channel composition was significantly associated with rates of difficult catheterization events.
  
  
  
  Compared to our previous cohort of patients with similar volume but shorter followup, our assumption that channel associated complications cluster postoperatively and then decrease significantly was correct. Our current and more detailed series demonstrates that the rate of postoperative complications decreases with time. However, with longer followup patients continue to experience lower grade events requiring fewer interventions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee. Electronic address: Debbie.Jacobson@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Stacy T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Douglass B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Brock
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adams
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: catheterization; fecal incontinence; postoperative complications; surgical stomas; urinary diversion