title: Humanized Mouse Models of Clinical Disease.
abstract: Immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells and tissues, that is, humanized mice, have become increasingly important as small, preclinical animal models for the study of human diseases. Since the description of immunodeficient mice bearing mutations in the IL2 receptor common gamma chain (IL2rgnull) in the early 2000s, investigators have been able to engraft murine recipients with human hematopoietic stem cells that develop into functional human immune systems. These mice can also be engrafted with human tissues such as islets, liver, skin, and most solid and hematologic cancers. Humanized mice are permitting significant progress in studies of human infectious disease, cancer, regenerative medicine, graft-versus-host disease, allergies, and immunity. Ultimately, use of humanized mice may lead to the implementation of truly personalized medicine in the clinic. This review discusses recent progress in the development and use of humanized mice and highlights their utility for the study of human diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Laurie L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Sonal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jangalwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Ken-Edwin
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Aryee
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.affiliation: The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609; email: lenny.shultz@jax.org.
authors.forename: Leonard D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Shultz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID
keywords: allergy; autoimmunity; cancer; humanized mice; immunodeficient mice; infectious disease; regenerative medicine