title: Impact of Scribes on Billed Relative Value Units in an Academic Emergency Department.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Scribe use throughout health care is becoming more common. There is limited peer-reviewed literature supporting this emerging role in health care despite rapid uptake of the role.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our study assesses impact of scribes on relative value units (RVUs) in adult and pediatric emergency departments (EDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was developed in a tertiary academic ED. Charts were coded by an external billing and coding company, then returned and mapped by International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision diagnostic codes. After training by a staff member with significant experience in implementing scribe programs, scribes provided 1-to-1 support to a provider as staffing allowed. Comparisons were made between scribed and nonscribed visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 49,389 patient visits during the study period (39,926 adult [80.84%] and 9463 pediatric [19.16%] visits), of which 7865 (15.9%) were scribed. For adults, scribed visits produced 0.20 additional RVUs per patient (p < 0.001). Scribes generated additional RVUs in Emergency Severity Index (ESI) 2 (p < 0.001) and 3 (p < 0.001) patients. There were variable effects of scribes on RVUs by diagnostic codes. For pediatric patients, scribed encounters generated 0.08 fewer RVUs per patient (p = 0.007). ESI score had no effect on RVUs. The impact of scribes on pediatric diagnostic groupings was inconsistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scribes had a positive impact on RVUs in adult but not pediatric patients. Among adults, scribes led to higher RVUs in ESI 2 and 3 but not 4 and 5 patients, perhaps suggesting a limitation to improve revenue capture on lower-acuity patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nestler
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Derick D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Rachelen S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Revenue Cycle, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Annie T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sadosty
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000458:organization & administration; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004282:Documentation / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000639:trends; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics* / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008497:Medical Record Administrators / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: RVUs; documentation; emergency department; relative value units; revenue; scribe