title: In vitro mutagenicity, NMR metabolite characterization of azo and triphenylmethanes dyes by adherents bacteria and the role of the "cna" adhesion gene in activated sludge.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus, showing the greatest decolorization ability, was further investigated for Methyl Red (MR) Congo Red (CR), Crystal Violet (CV) and Malachite Green (MG) decolorization using response surface methodology (RSM). The chemometric methods use, based on statistical design of experiments (DOEs) such as RSM is becoming increasingly widespread in several sciences such as analytical chemistry, engineering and environmental chemistry. Stapphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Stapphylococcus aureus (S1) and Stapphylococcus aureus (S2), were isolated from textile wastewater plant located in KsarHellal, Tunisia and were tested for their decolorization capacity. PCR technique was utilized to identify the 3 bacterial strains and to detect the adhesin gene "cna". Biodegradation of MR, CR, CV and MG (750 ppm), were investigated under shaking condition in Mineral Salt Medium (MSM) solution at pH 7.5 and temperature 30 °C, using a 3.7 × 105CFU/ml as inoculum size. Our results showed that Staphylococcus aureus had a high decolorization capacity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the biodegradation of dyes. The four dyes mutagenicity with the S9 metabolizing system decreased significantly after biodegradation and totally disappeared. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis confirmed the biodegradation of dyes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne, 05000 Monastir, Tunisia; Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Route de la Soukra Km 4 BP 261, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia. Electronic address: alym712@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayed
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne, 05000 Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: karima_rokbani@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bakir
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Recherche en Physico-Chimie et Biotechnologie (E.R.P.C.B. - EA3914), IUT-UFR Sciences, Université de Caen, Basse Normandie, France; Unité de recherche "Pharmacognosie/Biologie Moléculaire" (99/UR/07-03), Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne Monastir 5000, Tunisia. Electronic address: hdbenmansour@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Mansour
authors.affiliation: Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: h_saoussen@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Saousen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hammami
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles et de Synthèse Organique (99/UR/12-26), Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: abdelkrim.charef@certe.rnrt.tn.
authors.forename: Abdelkrim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheref
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de Pharmacie, Rue Avicenne, 05000 Monastir, Tunisia. Electronic address: aminafdhila@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Amina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bakhrouf
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000235:genetics; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D009154:Mutation; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D012722:Sewage; D014320:Triphenylmethyl Compounds; C048165:adhesin, Staphylococcus aureus; C046945:triphenylmethane
keywords: Ames test; Azo dye; Response surface; Triphenylmethane dye; “cna” adhesin gene