title: Asian American and Pacific Islander substance use treatment admission trends.
abstract: A national analysis of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPI) substance use treatment admissions has yet to be studied. We sought to explore admission trends for AAPI, demographic and treatment variable change, and individual state admission change over time.
  
  
  
  We used retrospective time-series logistic regression treating year as a predictor of yearly treatment admission trends, between-state test for heterogeneity of treatment effects among states' AAPI admissions, and percent-changes of AAPI demographic and treatment characteristics. Participants included AAPI (n=135,356) and comparison non-AAPI (n=8,938,982) treatment groups' first-time admissions (N=9,074,338) in United States treatment centers receiving public funding from 2000 to 2012.
  
  
  
  AAPI demonstrated a greater increase in admissions than non-AAPI from 2000 to 2012 (p<0.0001; OR=1.02, 95% CI=1.019-1.022). Large percent increases were demonstrated in multiple demographic and treatment characteristic, most notably in prescription opioids as a problem substance, age of first use for the oldest and youngest groups, and homelessness. In addition, trends are provided for individual states to help prioritize resource need.
  
  
  
  The present demographic and treatment characteristics revealed specific variables that may help to improve a culturally competent understanding of increasing risk factors among AAPI clients. The present findings may help to demonstrate which states may need to increase AAPI-specific resources and interventions.
authors.affiliation: Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, The University of Iowa, 100 MTP4 Room 102, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology Program, College of Education, The University of Iowa, 361 Lindquist Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Ethan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahker
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology Program, College of Education, The University of Iowa, 361 Lindquist Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Chi W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology Program, College of Education, The University of Iowa, 361 Lindquist Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Yunkyoung L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, Counseling Psychology Program, College of Education, The University of Iowa, 361 Lindquist Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Soeun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, The University of Iowa, 100 MTP4 Room 102, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, 100 CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. Electronic address: stephan-arndt@uiowa.edu.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arndt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D054521:Cultural Competency / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000208:ethnology*; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000639:trends*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000639:trends*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Culturally competent treatment; Health disparity; Model minority; Prescription opioids