title: Distribution of Ocular Component Measures and Refraction in Brazilian School Children.
abstract: To describe ocular component values and refraction in 6-17-year-old school children in Campinas, Brazil.
  
  
  
  To obtain a representative sample, a total of 1100 6-17-year-old public school students in Campinas, Brazil, were randomly selected and divided into groups according to median ages 6 years (range 5-7 years), 10 years (range 9-11 years), 14 years (range 13-15 years), and 17 years (range 16-18 years). Cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry were performed on each child.
  
  
  
  Parental consent for participation was obtained for 778 of the 1100 students (70.7%). Of these, 440 (56.6%) were female and 330 (44.4%) male. Sex distributions were similar for each median age group. Median age groups 6, 10, 14, and 17 years displayed significant trends of decreasing mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER; 0.96, 0.89, 0.57, and 0.23 diopters, D, respectively), mean lens thickness (3.50, 3.42, 3.41, and 3.45 mm, respectively), and mean lens power (23.6, 22.7, 21.8, and 21.2D, respectively), but significant trends of increasing mean anterior chamber depth (ACD; 3.00, 3.12, 3.16, and 3.15 mm, respectively), mean vitreous chamber depth (VCD; 16.0, 16.4, 16.6, and 16.8 mm, respectively), and mean axial length (22.5, 23.0, 23.2, 23.4 mm, respectively; all p for trend <0.001).
  
  
  
  Significant trends towards lower refractive power, increased prevalence of myopia, increased ACD, VCD, and axial length, and decreased lens power were associated with increasing age in these children. There were no significant changes in corneal thickness or corneal curvature.
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.|b Federal University of Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Pessoa Cavalcanti
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo Leite
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Arieta
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís Helena Moreira
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maziero
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Gustavo Lima do Valle
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Astur
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ítalo Fernandes
authors.initials: ÍF
authors.lastname: do Espírito Santo
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Cláudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bertolani
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Fernando
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.affiliation: a State University Campinas , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosane Silvestre
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.affiliation: b Federal University of Pernambuco , Brazil.
authors.forename: Álvaro Antônio Bandeira
authors.initials: ÁA
authors.lastname: Ferraz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000502:physiology; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: Emmetropization; hyperopia; myopia; ocular components; refractive error