title: Retinoic acid is abundantly detected in different depots of adipose tissue by SERS.
abstract: Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for early developmental processes and stem cell differentiation, but less is known about its contributions to adult tissues and stem cells including adipose tissue. We previously demonstrated that many genes involved in RA synthesis and downstream pathway are differentially expressed in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from visceral fat compared to those from subcutaneous fat, leading to changes in their early adipogenic functions. In order to study potential contributions of RA in adipose tissue, we measured tissue RA levels using a technique based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The data indicate heretofore underappreciated abundance of endogenous RA in mouse adipose tissue compared to other tissues and dynamic changes of RA concentrations after high fat diet feeding. Our results lay the foundation for further investigation on the functional role of RA in adipose tissue development and metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR , Singapore.
authors.forename: Jayakumar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perumal
authors.affiliation: Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR , Singapore.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriram
authors.affiliation: Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR , Singapore.
authors.forename: Hann Qian
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Bio-Optical Imaging Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore; School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
authors.forename: Malini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olivo
authors.affiliation: Fat Metabolism and Stem Cell Group, Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, ASTAR, Singapore; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugii
keywords: adipocyte differentiation; adipose-derived stromal cell (ADSC); bio-optical measurement of retinoic acid; retinoic acid synthetic pathway; retinoid metabolism; retinol / retinal / retinaldehyde; stromal vascular fraction (SVF); surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy; vitamin A; white and brown adipose tissue