title: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections in a French Hospital: A 12-Year Retrospective Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms associated with a range of infections. Reports of NTM epidemiology are mainly focused on pulmonary infections and isolations, and extrapulmonary infections are less frequently described.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective study of NTM infections at the Bordeaux University Hospital, France, between January 2002 and December 2013. We used the microbiologic component of the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America's pulmonary NTM disease criteria to define cases of pulmonary NTM, and patients with isolates from a normally sterile site were classified as having extrapulmonary disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our setting, 170 patients were included. Pulmonary cases predominated (54.1%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (22.9%), disseminated cases (10.6%), lymphadenitis (7.7%), bone and joint infections (2.9%) and the remaining 1.8% catheter-related infections. Overall, 16 NTM species were isolated. Mycobacterium avium (31.8%) and M. intracellulare (20%) were the most common species identified, followed by M. marinum (13.5%), M. kansasii (10.6%), M. xenopi (9.4%), rapidly growing mycobacteria (9.4%) and other slowly growing mycobacteria (5.3%). In general, NTM isolates were largely prevalent in people older than 50 (62.4%); patients aged 1-10 year-old exclusively yielded M. avium from lymph nodes, almost cases having being diagnosed after 2007. Among the 121 patients with complete follow-up, 78 (64.5%), 24 (19.8%), and 19 (15.7%) were cured, experienced relapse, or died, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, extrapulmonary NTM infections represented almost half of cases, consisting mainly in skin and soft tissue infections. The increase lymphadenitis cases in children after 2007 could be linked to the cessation of mandatory BCG vaccination in France. We observed similar cure rates (64%) between pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections.
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dutronc
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.|Université de Bordeaux, Infections humaines à mycoplasmes et à chlamydiae, Bordeaux, France.|INRA, Infections humaines à mycoplasmes et à chlamydiae, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peuchant
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric-Antoine
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Dauchy
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cazanave
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neau
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Gaëtane
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pellegrin
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morlat
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mercié
authors.affiliation: Service de pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: José-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tunon-de-Lara
authors.affiliation: Service de dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Sylvie
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Doutre
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie plastique, reconstructrice et esthétique -brulés- chirurgie de la main, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pélissier
authors.affiliation: Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dupon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult