title: Development and Validation of the Motivations for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) Questionnaire in India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Understanding medical students' motivation to select medical studies is particularly salient to inform practice and policymaking in countries-such as India-where shortage of medical personnel poses crucial and chronical challenges to healthcare systems. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the motivation of medical students to select medical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Motivation for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) questionnaire was developed using extensive literature review followed by Delphi technique. The scale consisted of 12 items, 5 measuring intrinsic dimensions of motivations and 7 measuring extrinsic dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity, reliability and data quality checks were conducted on a sample of 636 medical students from six medical colleges of three North Indian states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MSMS questionnaire consisted of 3 factors (subscales) and 8 items. The three principal factors that emerged after EFA were the scientific factor (e.g. research opportunities and the ability to use new cutting edge technologies), the societal factor (e.g. job security) and the humanitarian factor (e.g. desire to help others). The CFA conducted showed goodness-of-fit indices supporting the 3-factor model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The three extracted factors cut across the traditional dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and uncover a novel three-faceted motivation construct based on scientific factors, societal expectations and humanitarian needs. This validated instrument can be used to evaluate the motivational factors of medical students to choose medical study in India and similar settings and constitutes a powerful tool for policymakers to design measures able to increase selection of medical curricula.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sonu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Neetu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruwaard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009042:Motivation; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires