title: EQ-5D Scores for Diabetes-Related Comorbidities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A single-source catalogue of nationally representative EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) scores for chronic conditions in the United States and the United Kingdom from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) has been published and has been used extensively for public health and cost-effectiveness modeling.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate EQ-5D scores for diabetes-related chronic conditions that are consistent with the previous catalogue.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MEPS is a nationally representative survey of the US civilian population. EQ-5D-3L questionnaire responses were mapped from short-form 12 health survey responses in 2000 to 2011 MEPS data using multinomial logistic regression. Country-specific tariffs were applied to the mapped EQ-5D responses for the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Spain. EQ-5D scores were regressed on diabetes-related comorbidities controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, body mass index, and comorbidity using robust (median) regression. Methods were consistent with the previously published catalogue of EQ-5D scores for the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 20,705 individuals with diabetes and a valid mapped EQ-5D score in the 2000 to 2011 MEPS data. Unadjusted mapped EQ-5D scores for individuals with diabetes varied by country-specific tariff from 0.70 (France) to 0.79 (United States). Regression results reflecting marginal disutility estimates for EQ-5D scores are provided for 17 diabetes-related comorbidities and body mass index categories for US, UK, French, and Spanish tariffs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The estimates provided in this research may be useful for analysts attempting to model the impact of diabetes and diabetes-related comorbid conditions on utility. They are derived from a single-source, nationally representative population and augment the existing "off-the-shelf" catalogue of EQ-5D scores for chronic conditions.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA. Electronic address: psulliva@regis.edu.
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Center for Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA; American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia.
authors.forename: Vahram H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Ghushchyan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: EQ-5D; diabetes; preferences; utility