title: Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Norfloxacin in Aqueous Media by Hydrothermally Synthesized Immobilized TiO2/Ti Films with Exposed {001} Facets.
abstract: In this study, a novel immobilized TiO2/Ti film with exposed {001} facets was prepared via a facile one-pot hydrothermal route for the degradation of norfloxacin from aqueous media. The effects of various hydrothermal conditions (i.e., solution pH, hydrothermal time (HT) and HF concentration) on the growth of {001} faceted TiO2/Ti film were investigated. The maximum photocatalytic performance of {001} faceted TiO2/Ti film was observed when prepared at pH 2.62, HTof 3 h and at HF concentration of 0.02 M. The as-prepared {001} faceted TiO2/Ti films were fully characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). More importantly, the as-prepared {001} faceted TiO2/Ti film exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance toward degradation of norfloxacin in various water matrices (Milli-Q water, tap water, river water and synthetic wastewater). The individual influence of various anions (SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, Cl-) and cations (K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Na+, Fe3+) usually present in the real water samples on the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared TiO2/Ti film with exposed {001} facet was investigated. The mechanistic studies revealed that•OH is mainly involved in the photocatalytic degradation of norfloxacin by {001} faceted TiO2/Ti film. In addition, norfloxacin degradation byproducts were investigated, on the basis of which degradation schemes were proposed.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 10084, China.|Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.|National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Murtaza
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2194-8058
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Luqman Ali
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Javed Ali
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.|Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Vehari, 61100 Pakistan.
authors.forename: Noor S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nisar
authors.affiliation: National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hasan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing, 10084, China.
authors.forename: Pengyi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Abdur Rahman
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D010777:Photochemistry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D009643:Norfloxacin