title: Global vision system in laparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main difficulty in laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery is the narrow visual field, restricted by the endoscope's access port. This restriction is coupled with the difficulty of handling the instruments, which is due not only to the access port but also to the loss of depth of field and perspective due to the lack of natural lighting. In this article, we describe a global vision system and report on our initial experience in a porcine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The global vision system consists of a series of intraabdominal devices, which increase the visual field and help recover perspective through the simulation of natural shadows. These devices are a series of high-definition cameras and LED lights, which are inserted and fixed to the wall using magnets. The system's efficacy was assessed in a varicocelectomy and nephrectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The various intraabdominal cameras offer a greater number of intuitive points of view of the surgical field compared with the conventional telescope and appear to provide a similar view as that in open surgery. Areas previously inaccessible to the standard telescope can now be reached. The additional light sources create shadows that increase the perspective of the surgical field.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This system appears to increase the possibilities for laparoscopic or robot-assisted surgery because it offers an instant view of almost the entire abdomen, enabling more complex procedures, which currently require an open pathway.
authors.affiliation: Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivas-Blanco
authors.affiliation: Unidad docente de Urología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España. Electronic address: sbadajoz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-de-Badajoz
authors.affiliation: Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Morales
authors.affiliation: Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lage-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Unidad docente de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gallegos
authors.affiliation: Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Del-Pulgar
authors.affiliation: Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, España.
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Muñoz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D004867:Equipment Design; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013552:Swine
keywords: Camera; Cámara; Imán; Laparoscopia; Laparoscopy; Magnet; Nefrectomía; Nephrectomy; Varicocelectomy; Varicocelectomía