title: Laryngeal Mucosal Reaction during Bronchial Histamine Challenge Test Visualized by Videolaryngostroboscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the changes in the larynx, as well as self-reported voice and throat symptoms, among patients undergoing a histamine challenge test. Thus, to understand the possible clinical effects of histamine on the larynx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled, open prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty adult patients with prolonged cough and suspicion of bronchial asthma underwent a histamine challenge test. Videolaryngostroboscopy was performed immediately before and after the challenge. Voice and throat symptoms immediately before and after the challenge test were assessed using a visual analog scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Videolaryngostroboscopy after exposure showed significant increases in edema (P < 0.001) as well as redness (P < 0.001) of the vocal folds after the exposure. Self-reported voice complaints increased significantly for 8 of 11 symptoms. A moderate positive correlation was found between the increase in edema of the vocal folds and reported heartburn/regurgitation symptoms (r = 0.42, P < 0.05). Atopy, asthma, nasal symptoms, or bronchial hyperreactivity during the histamine challenge test were not associated with laryngeal reactions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the results, the laryngeal mucosal reaction during a histamine challenge test can be objectively visualized. Videolaryngostroboscopy findings, together with an increase in self-reported voice and throat symptoms, show that histamine has potential effects on vocal folds. The mucosal reaction seems to be pronounced among patients with reflux symptoms, probably reflecting the permeability features of the vocal folds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Electronic address: maaria.ansaranta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maaria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansaranta
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Geneid
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Centre, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kauppi
authors.affiliation: Inflammation Centre, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Leo Pekka
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vilkman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D005260:Female; D006632:Histamine; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D007830:Larynx / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D057566:Self Report; D049489:Stroboscopy
chemical_list: D006632:Histamine
keywords: Allergy; Edema; Permeability; Reflux; Vocal fold