title: Staphylococcus aureus, phagocyte NADPH oxidase and chronic granulomatous disease.
abstract: Dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. The most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Phagocytes ROS generation is fundamental to eliminate pathogens and to regulate the inflammatory response to infection. CGD is characterized by recurrent and severe bacterial and fungal infections, with Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequent pathogen, and skin and lung abscesses as the most common clinical entities. Staphylococcus aureus infection may occur in virtually any human host, presumably because of the many virulence factors of the bacterium. However, in the presence of functional NOX2, staphylococcal infections remain rare and are mainly linked to breaches of the skin barrier. In contrast, in patients with CGD, S. aureus readily survives and frequently causes clinically apparent disease. Astonishingly, little is known why S. aureus, which possesses a wide range of antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase, SOD), is particularly sensitive to control through NOX2. In this review, we will evaluate the discovery of CGD and our present knowledge of the role of NOX2 in S. aureus infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helene
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buvelot
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klara M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Posfay-Barbe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrenzel
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.|Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Krause
mesh_terms: D006105:Granulomatous Disease, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D009181:Mycoses / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000201:enzymology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D000074662:NADPH Oxidase 2
keywords: NOX2; catalase; inflammasome; reactive oxygen species; superoxide dismutase