title: DL-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid protects primary neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation induced injury.
abstract: Cerebral infarction is a type of ischemic stroke and is one of the main causes of irreversible brain damage. Although multiple neuroprotective agents have been investigated recently, the potential of DL-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (DL-AP3) in treating oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal injury, has not been clarified yet. This study was aimed to explore the role of DL-AP3 in primary neuronal cell cultures. Primary neurons were divided into four groups: (1) a control group that was not treated; (2) DL-AP3 group treated with 10 μM of DL-AP3; (3) OGD group, in which neurons were cultured under OGD conditions; and (4) OGD + DL-AP3 group, in which OGD model was first established and then the cells were treated with 10 μM of DL-AP3. Neuronal viability and apoptosis were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. Expressions of phospho-Akt1 (p-Akt1) and cytochrome c were detected using Western blot. The results showed that DL-AP3 did not affect neuronal viability and apoptosis in DL-AP3 group, nor it changed p-Akt1 and cytochrome c expression (p > 0.05). In OGD + DL-AP3 group, DL-AP3 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of OGD on neuronal viability (p < 0.001), and reduced OGD induced apoptosis (p < 0.01). Additionally, the down-regulation of p-Akt1 and up-regulation of cytochrome c, induced by OGD, were recovered to some extent after DL-AP3 treatment (p < 0.05 or p < 0.001). Overall, DL-AP3 could protect primary neurons from OGD-induced injury by affecting the viability and apoptosis of neurons, and by regulating the expressions of p-Akt1 and cytochrome c.
authors.affiliation: Department of Robot and Neuro-Rehabilitation, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China; Department of Computer Science, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, China. fengli8043@sina.com.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Quanyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Guokun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000473:pathology; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C000211:2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid; D045304:Cytochromes c; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine; D010100:Oxygen