title: Polyethyleneimine brushes effectively inhibit encrustation on polyurethane ureteral stents both in dynamic bioreactor and in vivo.
abstract: Polyurethane (PU) ureteral stents have been widely used as biomedical devices to aid the flow of the urine. Due to the biofilm formation and encrustation complications it has been hindered their long term clinical usage. To overcome these complications, in this study, cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) brushes grafted on PU stents and their performances were tested both in a dynamic biofilm reactor system (in vitro) and in a rat model (in vivo). Thus, we hypothesized that PEI brushes inhibit bacterial adhesion owing to the dynamic motion of brushes in liquid environment. In addition, cationic structure of PEI disrupts the membrane and so kills the bacteria on time of contact. Cationic PEI brushes decreased the biofilm formation up to 2 orders of magnitude and approximately 50% of encrustation amount in respect to unmodified PU, in vitro. In addition, according to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) results, approximately 90% of encrustation was inhibited on in vivo animal models. Decrease in encrustation was clearly observed on the stents obtained from rat model, by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Also, histological evaluations showed that; PEI brush grafting decreased host tissue inflammation in close relation to decrease in biofilm formation and encrustation. As a results; dual effect of anti-adhesive and contact-killing antibacterial strategy showed high efficiency on PEI brushes grafted PU stents both in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey.
authors.forename: Merve
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gultekinoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.
authors.forename: Barış
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kurum
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.
authors.forename: Siyami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karahan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kart
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sagiroglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nusret
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ertaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haluk Ozen
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey; Bioengineering Division, Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06532, Turkey. Electronic address: ukezban@hacettepe.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Kezban
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ulubayram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015607:Stents / Q000382:microbiology*; D014513:Ureter
chemical_list: D011094:Polyethyleneimine
keywords: Antibacterial brushes; Biofilm; Encrustation; Polyethyleneimine; Ureteral stent