title: The Time Course of Perceptual Recovery Markers After Match Play in Division I-A College American Football.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the recovery time course of customized wellness markers (sleep, soreness, energy, and overall wellness) in response to match play in American Division I-A college football players.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective research design was used. Wellness data were collected and analyzed for 2 American college football seasons. Perceptions of soreness, sleep, energy, and overall wellness were obtained for the day before each game (GD-1) and the days after each game (GD+2, GD+3, and GD+4). Standardized effect-size (ES) analyses ± 90% confidence intervals were used to interpret the magnitude of the mean differences between all time points for the start, middle, and finish of the season, using the following qualitative descriptors: 0-0.19 trivial, 0.2-0.59 small, 0.6-1.19 moderate, 1.2-1.99 large, <2.0 very large.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall wellness showed small ES reductions on GD+2 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely [94.8%]), GD+3 (d = 0.37 ± 0.15, very likely), and GD+4 (d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely) compared with GD-1. There were small ES reductions for soreness between GD-1 and GD+2, GD+3, and GD +4 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely, d = 0.29 ± 0.12, very likely, and 0.30 ± 0.12, very likely, respectively). Small ES reductions were also evident between GD-1 and GD+3 (d = 0.21 ± 0.09, likely) for sleep. Feelings of energy showed small ESs on GD+3 (d = 0.27 ± 0.11, very likely) and GD+4 (d = 0.22 ± 0.09, likely) compared with GD-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All wellness markers were likely to very likely worse on GD+3 and GD+4 than on GD-1. These findings show that perceptual wellness takes longer than 4 d to return to pregame levels and thus should be considered when prescribing training and/or recovery.
authors.forename: Hugh H K
authors.initials: HHK
authors.lastname: Fullagar
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Govus
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanisch
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D054874:Athletic Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D005221:Fatigue; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D063806:Myalgia; D010465:Perception; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012890:Sleep; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: athlete; fatigue; regeneration; training load