title: Influence of Na+and Ca2+on flame retardancy, thermal degradation, and pyrolysis behavior of cellulose fibers.
abstract: Flame-retardant cellulose-Na and cellulose-Ca fibers were successfully synthesized by grafting Na+and Ca2+onto cellulose fibers, and confirmed by FTIR. The combustion behavior of the fibers was assessed by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter (CONE). The maximum LOI values of cellulose-Na and cellulose-Ca fibers were 31 and 30, which are higher than that (19) of cellulose fibers. The CONE results showed that the values of heat-release rate and total heat release for cellulose-Na and cellulose-Ca fibers were significantly lower than those for cellulose fibers. The thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG) curves in the continuous and trigger modes showed that the cellulose-Na and cellulose-Ca fibers generated more residues than cellulose fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to detect the characteristic gases produced in the pyrolysis of cellulose-Na and cellulose-Ca fibers.
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zong
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: jiquan@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Ximei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Keke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Institute of Marine Biobased Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: xiayz@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
keywords: Cellulose fiber; Cellulose–Ca; Cellulose–Na; Flame retardancy; Pyrolysis; Thermal degradation