title: Opioid Therapy and its Side Effects: A Review.
authors.affiliation: 1)Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2)International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Hooman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Analysis, School of Community Health and Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore.
authors.forename: Farin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004700:Endocrine System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D049668:History, 15th Century; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid