title: Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Myocardial Fibrosis With Early Cardiac Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study.
abstract: We investigated the association of cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial fibrosis with early cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Participants with type 1 diabetes aged 13-39 years without a known history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (n= 1,441) were recruited into the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (1983-1993) and subsequently followed in the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications study (1994 to present). Seven hundred fourteen participants underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging (2007-2009) with late gadolinium enhancement sequences to assess ischemic and nonischemic scars and tagging sequences to evaluate circumferential strain. CMR-derived T1 mapping also was used to assess interstitial fibrosis. The influence of cardiovascular risk factors and myocardial scar on circumferential strain was assessed using linear regression.
  
  
  
  Circumferential dysfunction was consistently associated with older age, male sex, smoking history, obesity, higher blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol, and higher mean HbA1c. Participants with nonischemic scars (n= 16) had the worst circumferential function compared with those without scars (β ± SE 1.32 ± 0.60;P= 0.03). In sex-adjusted models, the correlation between T1 times and circumferential strain was not significant. In the fully adjusted models, a trend toward circumferential dysfunction in participants with nonischemic scars was found. Left ventricular ejection fraction was not associated with risk factors but was significantly lower if a myocardial scar was present.
  
  
  
  Traditional CVD risk factors and elevated HbA1clevels are major factors related to early cardiac dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Nonischemic myocardial scar, possibly as a marker of chronic exposure to known risk factors, may predict early cardiac dysfunction mediated by diffuse myocardial fibrosis as seen in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.|Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anderson C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Bharath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ambale-Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.|Department of Radiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: Evrim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Turkbey
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Sirisha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donekal
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chamera
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Jye-Yu
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cleary
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lachin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bluemke
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD jlima@jhmi.edu aarmst10@jhmi.edu.
authors.forename: João A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin