title: Application of carbon nanoparticles accelerates the rapid recovery of parathyroid function during thyroid carcinoma surgery with central lymph node dissection: A retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of carbon nanoparticles in identifying lymph nodes and promoting parathyroid gland function recovery after thyroid carcinoma surgery along with central lymph node dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 231 patients who underwent thyroid carcinoma surgery combined with central lymph node dissection were divided into two groups: the CN group (intraoperative carbon nanoparticles injections) and the control group (no injection). Datas were collected respectively on the pre-operative, 1st, 7th and 30th postoperative days and monthly thereafter. While the pathological results (e.g. amount of incidental removed parathyroid glands and lymph nodes dissected), complications (e.g. rates of vocal cord paralysis, the neuromuscular symptoms, hypocalcemia and hypoparathyroidism), as well as follow-up outcomes of the serum Ca2+ and PTH levels were gathered and measured to be included in.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In regard to the results of the pathological tests, the control group had a relatively higher incidence of incidental parathyroidectomy when compared to the CN group (P < 0.05). The mean number of central lymph nodes dissected was rather higher in the CN group than that of the control group (P < 0.05).With respect to the follow-up results, the CN group had an earlier and faster recovery of serum PTH levels as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The serum PTH levels of the CN group were apparently higher than that of the control group at the first week and month postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in rates of long-term postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon nanoparticles play a key role in accurately identifying lymph nodes, reducing mistaken excision of parathyroid glands, accelerating rapid recovery of parathyroid function during thyroid carcinoma surgery with central lymph node dissection, without increasing the probability of postoperative complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Nian-Cun
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310000, China.
authors.forename: Miao-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Dao-Zhen
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. Electronic address: qium127@163.com.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002244:Carbon / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D007267:Injections; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000503:physiopathology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon
keywords: Calcium; Carbon nanoparticle; Central lymph node dissection; Parathyroid hormone; Thyroid carcinoma