title: Non-Heme Iron Loading Capacities of Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) Meat Fractions under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion.
abstract: A ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticle (FeONP)-mediated mechanism has been suggested recently for anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) meat (AM) enhancement of non-heme iron absorption. The current paper fractionates AM biomass into protein (70.67%), lipid (20.98%), and carbohydrate (i.e., glycogen and mucopolysaccharide, 1.07%) and evaluates their capacities in templating the formation of FeONPs under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Results show that their iron-loading capacities (mg/g) follow the ascending order glycogen (2.43 ± 0.65), protein (20.16 ± 0.56), AM (28.19 ± 0.86), lipid (33.60 ± 1.12), and mucopolysaccharide (541.33 ± 32.33). Protein and lipid act in synergy to contribute the overwhelming majority (about 90%) of AM's iron-loading capacity. l-α-Phosphatidylcholine and l-α-lysophosphatidylcholine are the predominant iron-loading fractions in the lipid digest. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy exhibit coating of inorganic cores of the formed FeONPs with peptides or phospholipid-based mixed micelles. Overall, protein and phospholipid are key players in the nanoparticle-mediated "meat factor" mechanism.
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
authors.forename: Haohao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-2608
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China , 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
authors.forename: Mingyong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: College of Food Engineering, Qinzhou University , 12 Binhai Road, Qinzhou, Guangxi Province 535011, China.
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004063:Digestion; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D006418:Heme / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D006418:Heme; D007501:Iron
keywords: anchovy meat; ferric oxyhydroxide nanoparticle; gastrointestinal digestion; mixed micelle; non-heme iron; peptide; phospholipid