title: "Evaluation of ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of mitragynine in kratom products".
abstract: An ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) method was developed for the rapid detection of mitragynine, the most abundant alkaloid in Mitragyna speciosa also known as kratom. The peak corresponding to the mitragynine protonated ion exhibited a reduced ion mobility of 0.95±0.00014cm2/(Vs), and the mitragynine limit of detection using IMS was 0.5ng. The IMS method was applied to the analysis of 15 commercial samples suspected of containing kratom. IMS results were compared to those obtained from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of the same samples. Mitragynine was conclusively detected in 14 of 15 samples using LC-MS/MS and 13 of 15 samples using IMS. The discrepancy between methods reflected the fact that one sample contained mitragynine at a concentration below the IMS detection limit. This study demonstrates the utility of IMS for the rapid screening of products containing kratom as well as the scientific reliability of the IMS screening method, which was demonstrated by comparing the IMS results to the confirmatory results obtained using LC-MS/MS.
authors.affiliation: FDA, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fuenffinger
authors.affiliation: FDA, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.affiliation: FDA, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruth
authors.affiliation: FDA, Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 645 S. Newstead, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States. Electronic address: connie.ruzicka@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Connie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gryniewicz-Ruzicka
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D032065:Mitragyna; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; C001801:mitragynine
keywords: Herbal supplements; Ion mobility spectrometry; Kratom; Mitragynine; Rapid screening