title: Human Skin 3D Bioprinting Using Scaffold-Free Approach.
abstract: Organ in vitro synthesis is one of the last bottlenecks between tissue engineering and transplantation of synthetic organs. Bioprinting has proven its capacity to produce 3D objects composed of living cells but highly organized tissues such as full thickness skin (dermis + epidermis) are rarely attained. The focus of the present study is to demonstrate the capability of a newly developed ink formulation and the use of an open source printer, for the production of a really complete skin model. Proofs are given through immunostaining and electronic microscopy that the bioprinted skin presents all characteristics of human skin, both at the molecular and macromolecular level. Finally, the printability of large skin objects is demonstrated with the printing of an adult-size ear.
authors.affiliation: 3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Léa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Pourchet
authors.affiliation: LabSkin Creations, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, Bâtiment 5, 69437, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Amélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thepot
authors.affiliation: LabSkin Creations, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, Bâtiment 5, 69437, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albouy
authors.affiliation: 3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Edwin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Courtial
authors.affiliation: LabSkin Creations, Edouard Herriot Hospital, 5 place d'Arsonval, Bâtiment 5, 69437, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boher
authors.affiliation: 3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Loïc J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation: 3d.FAB, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INSA, CPE-Lyon, ICBMS, UMR 5246, 43, Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
authors.forename: Christophe A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marquette
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004423:Ear; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional
keywords: 3D printing; biomaterials; bioprinting; dermis; human skin; skin equivalent