title: Phytanic acid consumption and human health, risks, benefits and future trends: A review.
abstract: Phytanic acid is a methyl-branched fatty acid present in the human diet, derived from the enzymatic degradation of phytol and subsequently oxidized by the rumenal microbiota and certain marine organisms. Consequently, phytanic acid is carried into the human body by means of food ingestion, mostly via red meat, dairy products and fatty marine foods. This fatty acid accumulates in people with some peroxisomal disorders and is traditionally related to neurological damage. However, some benefits derived from phytanic acid intake have also been described, such as the prevention of metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. The aim of this work was to conduct an overview of the literature on the phytanic acid content of foods, management of the phytanic content during food production and biochemical mechanisms of phytanic acid metabolism, as well as to assess the evidence for the health benefits and risks of phytanic acid consumption in human health.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roca-Saavedra
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariño-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain. Electronic address: josemanuel.miranda@usc.es.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Porto-Arias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lamas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Pabellón 4, Planta Baja, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cepeda
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010831:Phytanic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010831:Phytanic Acid
keywords: Adenosine triphosphate (PubChem CID: 5957); Arctic Diet; Chlorophyll a (PubChem CID: 12085802); Chlorophyll b (PubChem CID: 11593175); Chlorophyll d (PubChem CID: 16070025); Dihydrophytol (PubChem CID: 102459); Docosahexaenoic acid (PubChem CID: 445580); Glucose (PubChem CID: 5793); Nitrogen oxide (PubChem CID: 945); Organic milk; Peroxisomal disorders; Phytanal (PubChem CID: 52929819); Phytanic acid; Phytanic acid (PubChem CID: 26840); Phytol; Phytol (PubChem CID: 5280435); Pristanal (PubChem CID: 14671060); Pristanic acid; Pristanic acid (PubChem CID: 123929); Refsum disease; Retinoic acid (PubChem CID: 444795); Southern Atlantic Diet