title: Secular trends in blood pressure in children: A systematic review.
abstract: Blood pressure (BP) is expected to have increased over time in children in most countries due to the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. The authors conducted a systematic review of studies assessing secular trends in BP in children and adolescents. Of 1739 citations screened, the authors identified 18 studies including 2 042 470 participants examined between 1963 and 2012. Thirteen studies were conducted in high-income countries, five in middle-income countries, and none in low-income countries. The prevalence of overweight or obesity increased in 17 studies and decreased in one study. BP decreased over time in 13 studies, increased in four, and did not change in one. These findings suggest that secular trends in BP do not mirror secular trends in overweight. This implies that other factors mitigate the effect of overweight on BP in children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roulet
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bovet
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brauchli
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Simeoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4452-8857
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Santschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paradis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (IUMSP), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.|Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiolero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D050177:Overweight / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: adolescents; children; hypertension; secular trends