title: Fermentation and complex enzyme hydrolysis enhance total phenolics and antioxidant activity of aqueous solution from rice bran pretreated by steaming with α-amylase.
abstract: In this study, rice bran was successively steamed with α-amylase, fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and hydrolyzed with complex enzymes. The changes in phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of the corresponding aqueous solutions from three stages were investigated. Compared to the first stage, fermentation and complex enzyme hydrolysis significantly increased the total phenolics, total flavonoids, total FRAP and ORAC values by 59.2%, 56.6%, 73.6% and 45.4%, respectively. Twelve individual phenolics present in free or soluble conjugate forms were also analyzed during the processing. Ferulic acid was released in the highest amount among different phenolics followed by protocatechuic acid. Moreover, a major proportion of phenolics existed as soluble conjugates. The results showed that fermentation and complex enzyme hydrolysis enhanced total phenolics and antioxidant activities of aqueous solution from rice bran pretreated by steaming with α-amylase. This research could provide basis for the processing of rice bran beverage rich in phenolics.
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: liulei309@tom.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: ruifenzhang@163.com.
authors.forename: Ruifen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: yuanyuan_deng@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: zhang__yan_@126.com.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: xiaojuan209218@163.com.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: hf1311@163.com.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: wenwei4715@126.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China. Electronic address: mwzhh@vip.tom.com.
authors.forename: Mingwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005419:Flavonoids; D006868:Hydrolysis; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013227:Steam / Q000032:analysis; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D013227:Steam; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: (−)-Epicatechin (PubChem CID: 72276); Antioxidant activity; Caffeic acid (Pubchem CID: 689043); Catechin (Pubchem CID: 9064); Chlorogenic acid (Pubchem CID: 1794427); Complex enzyme hydrolysis; Coumaric acid (Pubchem CID: 637542); Ferulic acid (Pubchem CID: 445858); Flavonoids; Gallic acid (Pubchem CID: 370); Isoferulic acid (Pubchem CID: 736186); Kaempferol (Pubchem CID: 5280863); Lactic acid bacteria fermentation; Phenolic acids; Protocatechuic acid (Pubchem CID: 72); Rice bran; Soluble conjugate phenolics; Syringic acid (Pubchem CID: 10742); Vanillic acid (Pubchem CID: 8468)