title: Platelet extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for arterial thrombosis.
abstract: Arterial thrombosis is a major and global cause of human death and disability. Considering the socioeconomic costs of arterial thrombosis, identification of biomarkers to predict and detect arterial thrombosis at an early stage is an important public health goal. Platelet extracellular vesicles (PEV) are a new candidate biomarker of arterial thrombosis. PEV can be measured in biorepositories, thereby offering the possibility to validate PEV in multicenter clinical trials. PEV analysis has been hitherto hampered by lack of standardized methodology, but substantial technological improvements of PEV detection techniques have been achieved recently. However, before PEV emerge from research tools to clinical applications, a number of issues should be clarified. To facilitate validation of PEV as biomarkers of thrombosis, we discuss (i) whether PEV are useful as biomarkers of thrombosis, (ii) why previous conclusions on PEV concentrations, composition and functions require re-evaluation, and (iii) which questions have to be answered before PEV become clinically useful.
authors.affiliation: a 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.|b Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicle Observation Centre , Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasecka
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicle Observation Centre , Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anita N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Böing
authors.affiliation: a 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Filipiak
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, and Vesicle Observation Centre , Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rienk
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieuwland
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D015539:Platelet Activation; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015415:Biomarkers; D019007:P-Selectin; D019210:Troponin I; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form
keywords: Arterial thrombosis; biomarkers; extracellular vesicles; platelets