title: Salivary biomarkers in cancer detection.
abstract: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the USA. Its symptoms are often not specific and absent, until the tumors have already metastasized. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for developing rapid, highly accurate and noninvasive tools for cancer screening, early detection, diagnostics, staging and prognostics. Saliva as a multi-constituent oral fluid comprises secretions from the major and minor salivary glands, extensively supplied by blood. Molecules such as DNAs, RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and microbiota, present in blood, could be also found in saliva. Recently, salivary diagnostics has drawn significant attention for the detection of specific biomarkers, since the sample collection and processing are simple, cost-effective, and precise and do not cause patient discomfort. Here, we review recent salivary candidate biomarkers for systemic cancers by dividing them according to their origin into: genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and microbial types.
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, Laboratory of Salivary Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.|State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, Laboratory of Salivary Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Karolina Elżbieta
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kaczor-Urbanowicz
authors.affiliation: Center for Oral/Head and Neck Oncology Research, Laboratory of Salivary Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. dtww@ucla.edu.
authors.forename: David T W
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Biomarkers; Cancer; Exosomes; Saliva