title: Determination of isoflavone (genistein and daidzein) concentration of soybean seed as affected by environment and management inputs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are produced in soybean seed [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and may be associated with health benefits in the human diet. More research is required to determine the effect of agronomic soybean treatments on isoflavone concentration. In this study from 2012 to 2014 at Michigan State University and Breckenridge locations, we have evaluated agronomic input management systems which are marketed to increase or protect potential soybean grain yield, including: nitrogen fertilization, herbicide-defoliant, foliar applied fertilizer, a biological-based foliar application, foliar applied fungicide, foliar applied insecticide, a seed applied fungicide, and a maximized seed treatment that included fungicide and insecticide as well as an inoculant and lipo-chitooligosaccharide nodulation promoter, for their effect on soybean seed genistein and daidzein concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paired comparisons were made between treatments receiving a designated management input and those without the input. Year and location had a significant effect on isoflavone concentrations. Agronomic management inputs impacted soybean seed daidzein concentrations in 15 of 48 field observations and genistein concentrations in 11 of 48 observations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The research supports findings that soybean seed isoflavone levels exhibit a location specific response, and the temporal variability experienced between years appears to influence changes in soybean isoflavone levels more than location. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Department, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, USA.
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laurenz
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Department, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, USA.
authors.forename: Pavani
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-5001
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tumbalam
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, USA.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naeve
authors.affiliation: Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Department, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, USA.
authors.forename: Kurt D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Thelen
mesh_terms: D000069599:Crop Production / Q000379:methods*; D004777:Environment; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D019833:Genistein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008824:Michigan; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D007529:Isoflavones; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein
keywords: agronomic management inputs; daidzein; genestein; isoflavones; soybean seed (Glycine max)