title: Open mHealth Architecture: A Primer for Tomorrow's Orthopedic Surgeon and Introduction to Its Use in Lower Extremity Arthroplasty.
abstract: The recent private-public partnership to unlock and utilize all available health data has large-scale implications for public health and personalized medicine, especially within orthopedics. Today, consumer based technologies such as smartphones and "wearables" store tremendous amounts of personal health data (known as "mHealth") that, when processed and contextualized, have the potential to open new windows of insight for the orthopedic surgeon about their patients.
  
  
  
  In the present report, the landscape, role, and future technical considerations of mHealth and open architecture are defined with particular examples in lower extremity arthroplasty.
  
  
  
  A limitation of the current mHealth landscape is the fragmentation and lack of interconnectivity between the myriad of available apps. The importance behind the currently lacking open mHealth architecture is underscored by the offer of improved research, increased workflow efficiency, and value capture for the orthopedic surgeon.
  
  
  
  There exists an opportunity to leverage existing mobile health data for orthopaedic surgeons, particularly those specializing in lower extremity arthroplasty, by transforming patient small data into insightful big data through the implementation of "open" architecture that affords universal data standards and a global interconnected network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Prem N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Ramkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Muschler
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kurt P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Spindler
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Joshua D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Houston Methodist Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Patrick C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: McCulloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mont
mesh_terms: D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery; D000072161:Orthopedic Surgeons / Q000193:education*; D017216:Telemedicine
keywords: apps; arthroplasty; mobile health; open architecture; wearables