title: Safety and efficacy of ant rush immunotherapy in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Rush Immunotherapy (RIT) protocol is a valid alternative in order to reach the maintenance phase early. However, there are scarce studies in the literature that have evaluated the safety and the efficacy of an ant RIT process in children.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and the efficacy of an ant RIT protocol and to identify the risk factors for systemic reactions (SRs) during an RIT procedure in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted for those children who were receiving an ant RIT procedure. The 3-day RIT protocol consisted of hourly subcutaneous injections in order to achieve a 0.5 ml maintenance dose of a 1:100 weight/ volume (wt/vol) of the Solenopsis invicta whole body extract. The safety for an RIT procedure was monitored by using the World Allergy Organization Subcutaneous Immunology Systemic Reaction Grading System. The efficacy was assessed by the reactions after a field ant re-sting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 children who were receiving an ant RIT therapy were reviewed. The mean age was 9.5±3.07 years. There were 6 systemic reactions (SRs) from 324 injections during the RIT procedure (1.85%). All of the systemic reactions were Grade 1-2. There were no associations of SRs regarding age, gender, an atopic history, or the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to the ants. Among the 14 patients who experienced a field ant re-sting, 4 (28.5%) patients developed Grade 3 SRs. These Grade 3 reactions were resolved after an increase of the maintenance dose to 0.5 ml of a 1:50 wt/vol. There was a significant difference in the mean age of those children who had ant re-sting systemic reactions and those who had no reactions (6.75±0.95 year vs. 10.8±3.29, p=0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rush immunotherapy with ant in children is safe and it has a low occurrence of severe systemic reactions. It is an alternative treatment for those patients requiring a rapid protection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wiparat
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Manuyakorn
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benjaponpitak
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wasu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kamchaisatian
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Cherapat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasisakulporn
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanlapa
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jotikasthira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D003888:Desensitization, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; D007073:Immunoglobulin E