title: Acetaminophen toxicity in rat and mouse hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is often studied in primary cultures of hepatocytes of various species, but there are only few works comparing interspecies differences in susceptibility of hepatocytes to APAP in vitro.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our work was to compare hepatotoxicity of APAP in rat and mouse hepatocytes in primary cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatocytes isolated from male Wistar rats and C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to APAP for up to 24 h. We determined lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in culture medium, activity of cellular dehydrogenases (WST-1) and activity of caspases 3 in cell lysate as markers of cell damage/death. We assessed content of intracellular reduced glutathione, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Respiration of digitonin-permeabilized hepatocytes was measured by high resolution respirometry and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was visualized (JC-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  APAP from concentrations of 2.5 and 0.75 mmol/L induced a decrease in viability of rat (p < 0.001) and mouse (p < 0.001) hepatocytes (WST-1), respectively. In contrast to rat hepatocytes, there was no activation of caspase-3 in mouse hepatocytes after APAP treatment. Earlier damage to plasma membrane and faster depletion of reduced glutathione were detected in mouse hepatocytes. Mouse hepatocytes showed increased glutamate + malate-driven respiration in state 4 and higher susceptibility of the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to APAP-induced injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APAP displayed dose-dependent toxicity in hepatocytes of both species. Mouse hepatocytes in primary culture however had approximately three-fold higher susceptibility to the toxic effect of APAP when compared to rat hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-5343
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kučera
authors.affiliation: b Department of Anatomy , Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové , Hradec Králové , Czech Republic.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Endlicher
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rychtrmoc
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Halka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lotková
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Ondřej
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sobotka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Physiology and.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-290X
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Červinková
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial / Q000187:drug effects; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D051336:Mitochondrial Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000082:Acetaminophen; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Acetaminophen; hepatotoxicity; in vitro; mouse hepatocytes; primary cell culture; rat hepatocytes