title: Multiparametric computer-aided differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using structural and advanced MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the added diagnostic value of arterial spin labelling (ASL) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to structural MRI for computer-aided classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study used MRI data from 24 early-onset AD and 33 early-onset FTD patients and 34 controls (CN). Classification was based on voxel-wise feature maps derived from structural MRI, ASL, and DTI. Support vector machines (SVMs) were trained to classify AD versus CN (AD-CN), FTD-CN, AD-FTD, and AD-FTD-CN (multi-class). Classification performance was assessed by the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) and accuracy. Using SVM significance maps, we analysed contributions of brain regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combining ASL and DTI with structural MRI resulted in higher classification performance for differential diagnosis of AD and FTD (AUC = 84%; p = 0.05) than using structural MRI by itself (AUC = 72%). The performance of ASL and DTI themselves did not improve over structural MRI. The classifications were driven by different brain regions for ASL and DTI than for structural MRI, suggesting complementary information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASL and DTI are promising additions to structural MRI for classification of early-onset AD, early-onset FTD, and controls, and may improve the computer-aided differential diagnosis on a single-subject level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  • Multiparametric MRI is promising for computer-aided diagnosis of early-onset AD and FTD. • Diagnosis is driven by different brain regions when using different MRI methods. • Combining structural MRI, ASL, and DTI may improve differential diagnosis of dementia.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Office Na2502, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. e.bron@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Esther E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-9263
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Bron
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Papma
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rebecca M E
authors.initials: RME
authors.lastname: Steketee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rozanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meijboom
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Office Na2502, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Swieten
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Office Na2502, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.|Imaging Physics, Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wiro J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Departments of Medical Informatics and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Office Na2502, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D057180:Frontotemporal Dementia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013113:Spin Labels; D060388:Support Vector Machine
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels
keywords: Classification; Dementia; Differential diagnosis; Diffusion tensor imaging; Perfusion