title: Dietary Diversity and Vegetable and Fruit Consumption of Households in a Resource-Poor Peri-Urban South Africa Community Differ by Food Security Status.
abstract: Sociodemographic, living standard measure, consumption of vegetables and fruit, and dietary diversity in relation to household food security were assessed. Using a hunger score, households were categorized as food secure (n = 125) or food insecure (n = 273). Food secure respondents had a higher mean dietary diversity score (3.98; 95%CI [3.79, 4.18] versus 3.65; 95% [CI 3.53, 3.77]), were more likely to eat vitamin A-rich foods (OR 1.15; 95% CI [1.05, 1.26]), a more varied diet (DDS ≥ 4, OR 1.90; 95% CI [1.19, 3.13]), and vegetables daily (OR 3.37; 95% CI [2.00, 5.76]). Cost limited daily vegetable/fruit consumption in food insecure households. Respondents with ≥ 8 years of schooling were more likely (OR 2.07; 95% CI [1.22, 3.53]) and households receiving social grants were less likely (OR 0.37; 95% CI [0.19, 0.72]) to be food secure. Results highlight the association between dietary diversity and household food security.
authors.affiliation: a Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit , South African Medical Research Council , Tygerberg , South Africa.|b Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pretoria , Arcadia , South Africa.|c Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition , University of the Western Cape , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.affiliation: b Department Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Pretoria , Arcadia , South Africa.
authors.forename: Friede A M
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Wenhold
authors.affiliation: d Agricultural Research Council , Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute , Pretoria , South Africa.
authors.forename: Sunette M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Laurie
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics / Q000208:ethnology; D005523:Food Supply / Q000191:economics; D005638:Fruit / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000208:ethnology; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D011204:Poverty Areas; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D018881:Suburban Health / Q000191:economics / Q000208:ethnology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000191:economics
keywords: Dietary diversity; South Africa; food security; vegetables and fruit