title: Preliminary effectiveness of breast cancer screening among 1.22 million Chinese females and different cancer patterns between urban and rural women.
abstract: To determine the preliminary effectiveness of breast cancer screening among Chinese females, 1226714 women aged 35-69 years first received clinical breast examinations. Urban women with suspected cancer received mammography followed by breast ultrasound (BUS), while rural suspected women underwent BUS followed by mammography. After one-year follow-up, 223 and 431 breast cancers were detected among urban and rural women (respectively), with overall detection rates of 0.56/1000 and 0.52/1000. Higher detection rates were significantly associated with older age at screening for both urban and rural women; additionally, urban women were at significantly higher risk if they had no job, no insurance, or were obese; additional risk factors specific to rural women included Han nationality, higher income, being unmarried, and having a family history of cancer (all P values < 0.05). Among screening-detected breast cancers in urban vs. rural women, 46.2% and 38.8% (respectively) were early stage, 62.5% and 66.3% were ≤2 centimeters, 38.0% and 47.3% included lymph-node involvement, and 14.0% and 6.0% were identified as carcinoma in situ. All abovementioned cancer characteristics were significantly better than clinic-detected cancers (all P values < 0.001). In conclusion, several important differences were found between urban and rural women in screening effectiveness and patterns of cancer distribution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yubei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hongji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Fengju
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Haixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhenhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Zhaoxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The 2nd Department of Breast Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Prevention and Cure Center of Breast Disease, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Image, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Yahong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Liaoning Cancer Institute and Hospital, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Tie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Center for Breast Disease, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangjun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Center for Breast Disease, Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Feicheng City, Taian, China.
authors.forename: Xiuling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Feicheng City, Taian, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Feicheng City, Taian, China.
authors.forename: Yeping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: People's Hospital of Feicheng City, Taian, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jialin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Tumor Hospital and Institute, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Hengmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Chinese Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Zhenglong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Service Management, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Yaogang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Peishan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
authors.forename: Jiali
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.|Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Xishan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Kexin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008327:Mammography; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D011786:Quality Control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012923:Social Class; D014505:Urban Population