title: Household food insecurity in black-slaves descendant communities in Brazil: has the legacy of slavery truly ended?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors associated with food insecurity among Quilombolas communities in Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  An analysis of secondary data assessed in the 2011 Quilombolas Census was performed. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Measurement Scale (Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, EBIA) was used to assess household food security status. Sociodemographic conditions and access to social programmes and benefits were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  National survey census from recognized Quilombolas Brazilian territories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quilombolas households (n 8846).
  
  
  RESULTS
  About half (47·8 %) of the Quilombolas lived in severely food-insecure households, with the North and Northeast regions facing the most critical situation. Households located in North Brazil, whose head of the family had less than 4 years of education, with a monthly per capita income below $US 44, without adequate sanitation and without adequate water supply had the greatest chance of experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity. Households that had access to a water supply programme for dry regions (Programa Cisternas) and an agricultural harvest subsidy programme (Programa Garantia Safra) had less chance of experiencing moderate and severe food insecurity. Households that did not have access to health care (Programa Saúde da Família) had greater chance of suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventions are urgently needed to strengthen and promote public policies aimed to improve living conditions and food security in Quilombolas communities.
authors.affiliation: 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,Departamento de Nutrição,Universidade de Brasília,Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro,Asa Norte,CEP 70910-900,Brasília,DF,Brazil.
authors.forename: Muriel B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Gubert
authors.affiliation: 2Department of Collective Health,University of Campinas,Campinas,SP,Brazil.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Segall-Corrêa
authors.affiliation: 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,Departamento de Nutrição,Universidade de Brasília,Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro,Asa Norte,CEP 70910-900,Brasília,DF,Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spaniol
authors.affiliation: 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,Departamento de Nutrição,Universidade de Brasília,Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro,Asa Norte,CEP 70910-900,Brasília,DF,Brazil.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pedroso
authors.affiliation: 1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde,Departamento de Nutrição,Universidade de Brasília,Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro,Asa Norte,CEP 70910-900,Brasília,DF,Brazil.
authors.forename: Stefanie Eugênia Dos Anjos Campos
authors.initials: SEDAC
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology,Office of Public Health Practice,Yale School of Public Health,New Haven,CT,USA.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pérez-Escamilla
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People; D001938:Brazil; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D063948:Enslaved Persons; D063947:Enslavement; D005191:Family Characteristics; D063105:Food Assistance / Q000191:economics; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014881:Water Supply
keywords: 
                 Quilombolas
              ; Epidemiological surveys; Food security; Household food insecurity; Social vulnerability