title: White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Analysis.
abstract: Increasing DTI studies have demonstrated that white matter microstructural abnormalities play an important role in type 2 diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment. In this study, the diffusional kurtosis imaging method was used to investigate WM microstructural alterations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to detect associations between diffusional kurtosis imaging metrics and clinical/cognitive measurements.
  
  
  
  Diffusional kurtosis imaging and cognitive assessments were performed on 58 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 58 controls. Voxel-based intergroup comparisons of diffusional kurtosis imaging metrics were conducted, and ROI-based intergroup comparisons were further performed. Correlations between the diffusional kurtosis imaging metrics and cognitive/clinical measurements were assessed after controlling for age, sex, and education in both patients and controls.
  
  
  
  Altered diffusion metrics were observed in the corpus callosum, the bilateral frontal WM, the right superior temporal WM, the left external capsule, and the pons in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with controls. The splenium of the corpus callosum and the pons had abnormal kurtosis metrics in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, altered diffusion metrics in the right prefrontal WM were significantly correlated with disease duration and attention task performance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  With both conventional diffusion and additional kurtosis metrics, diffusional kurtosis imaging can provide additional information on WM microstructural abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our results indicate that WM microstructural abnormalities occur before cognitive decline and may be used as neuroimaging markers for predicting the early cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Y.X., Y.Z., W.Q., Q.Z.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5986-4610
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Y.X., Y.Z., W.Q., Q.Z.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1903-3737
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Y.X., Y.Z., W.Q., Q.Z.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: W
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9121-8296
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology (S.L.).
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7387-2577
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Cardiology (C.N.), Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8668-8648
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging (Y.X., Y.Z., W.Q., Q.Z.), Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China zhangquan0912@163.com.
authors.forename: Q
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9501-5904
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin