title: [Increase in the effectiveness of identifying peaks and feet of the photoplethysmographic pulse to be reconstructed it using adaptive filtering].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the identification of peaks and feet in photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses deformed by myokinetic noise, through the implementation of a modified fingertip and applying adaptive filtering.
  
  
  METHODS
  PPG signals were recordedfrom 10 healthy volunteers using two photoplethysmography systems placed on the index finger of each hand. Recordings lasted three minutes andwere done as follows: during the first minute, both handswere at rest, and for the lasting two minutes only the left hand was allowed to make quasi-periodicmovementsin order to add myokinetic noise. Two methodologies were employed to process the signals off-line. One consisted on using an adaptive filter based onthe Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, and the other includeda preprocessing stage in addition to the same LMS filter. Both filtering methods were compared and the one with the lowest error was chosen to assess the improvement in the identification of peaks and feet from PPG pulses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average percentage errorsobtained wereof 22.94% with the first filtering methodology, and 3.72% withthe second one. On identifying peaks and feet from PPG pulsesbefore filtering, error percentages obtained were of 24.26% and 48.39%, respectively, and once filtered error percentageslowered to 2.02% for peaks and 3.77% for feet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The attenuation of myokinetic noise in PPG pulses through LMS filtering, plusa preprocessing stage, allows increasingthe effectiveness onthe identification of peaks and feet from PPG pulses, which are of great importance for medical assessment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Brayans
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Becerra-Luna
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martínez-Memije
authors.affiliation: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cartas-Rosado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Instrumentación Electromecánica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México. Electronic address: infosc@cardiologia.org.mx.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Infante-Vázquez
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D017156:Photoplethysmography / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Accelerometer; Acelerómetro; Adaptive filters; Algoritmo de mínimos cuadrados promediado; Artefactos por movimiento; Filtros adaptativos; Least mean square algorithm; Motion artifacts; Photoplethysmographic pulse signal; Pulso fotopletismográfico