title: Exosomal and Non-Exosomal Urinary miRNAs in Prostate Cancer Detection and Prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs, involved in post-transcriptional regulation of many target genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five miRNAs that have been consistently found deregulated in PCa (miR-21, miR-141, miR-214, miR-375, and let-7c) were analyzed in urinary pellets from 60 prostate cancer (PCa) patients and 10 healthy subjects by qRT-PCR. Besides, urinary exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and analyzed for those miRNAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant upregulation of miR-21, miR-141, and miR-375 was found comparing PCa patients with healthy subjects in urinary pellets, while miR-214 was found significantly downregulated. Regarding urinary exosomes, miR-21 and miR-375 were also significantly upregulated in PCa but no differences were found for miR-141. Significant differences were found for let-7c in PCa in urinary exosomes while no differences were observed in urinary pellets. A panel combining miR-21 and miR-375 is suggested as the best combination to distinguish PCa patients and healthy subjects, with an AUC of 0.872. Furthermore, the association of miRNAs with clinicopathological characteristics was investigated. MiR-141 resulted significantly correlated with Gleason score in urinary pellets and let-7c with clinical stage in urinary exosomes. Additionally, miR-21, miR-141, and miR-214 were found significantly deregulated in intermediate/high-risk PCa versus low-risk/healthy subjects in urinary pellets. Significant differences between both groups were found in urinary exosomes for miR-21, miR-375, and let-7c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the analysis of miRNAs-especially miRNA-21 and miR-375- in urine could be useful as biomarkers in PCa. Prostate 77: 573-583, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foj
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Català d'Oncologia, IDIBELL, Department of Clinical Sciences-Bellvitge Health Sciences Campus, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferran
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: CAP Valldoreix, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.affiliation: CAP Valldoreix, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arévalo
authors.affiliation: CAP Valldoreix, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gavagnach
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Fundació de Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giménez
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (CDB), Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Filella
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: exosomes; miRNA; prostate cancer; urine