title: Longitudinal study of cardiometabolic risk from early adolescence to early adulthood in an ethnically diverse cohort.
abstract: To examine influences of adiposity from early adolescence to early 20s on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the multiethnic Determinants of young Adult Social well-being and Health (DASH) longitudinal study.
  
  
  
  In 2002-2003, 6643 11-13-year-olds from 51 London schools participated at baseline, and 4785 were seen again at 14-16 years. Recently, 665 (97% of invited) participated in pilot follow-up at 21-23 years, with biological and psychosocial measures and blood biomarkers (only at 21-23 years). Regression models examined interplay between ethnicity, adiposity and CVD.
  
  
  
  At 21-23 years, ∼30-40% were overweight. About half of the sample had completed a degree with little ethnic variation despite more socioeconomic disadvantage in adolescence among ethnic minorities. Regardless of ethnicity, overweight increased more steeply between 14-16 years and 21-23 years than between 11-13 years and 14-16 years. More overweight among Black Caribbean and Black African females, lower systolic blood pressure (sBP) among Indian females and Pakistani/Bangladeshi males compared with White UK peers, persisted from 11-13 years. At 21-23 years, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was higher among Black Caribbean females, total cholesterol higher and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol lower among Pakistani/Bangladeshis. Overweight was associated with a ∼+2 mm Hg rise in sBP between 11-13 years and 21-23 years. Adiposity measures at 11-13 years were related to allostatic load (a cluster of several risk markers), HbA1c and HDL cholesterol at 21-23 years. Ethnic patterns in CVD biomarkers remained after adjustments.
  
  
  
  Adolescent adiposity posed significant risks at 21-23 years, a period in the lifespan generally ignored in cardiovascular studies, when ethnic/gender variations in CVD are already apparent.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine & Social Epidemiology Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Seeromanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine & Social Epidemiology Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Maria João
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Oarabile R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Molaodi
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: Zinat E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Enayat
authors.affiliation: MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Aidan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health, ESRC International Centre for Lifecourse Studies in Society and Health, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karamanos
authors.affiliation: CERMES3 (Centre de Recherche Médecine, Sciences, Santé, Santé Mentale et Société), Université Paris Descartes, EHESS, CNRS UMR 8211, INSERM U988, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Ursula M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Read
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Medicine & Social Epidemiology Group, Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: J Kennedy
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cruickshank
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa; D001211:Asia, Western; D044466:Asian People; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D017691:Caribbean Region; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism; D050177:Overweight; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin
keywords: adolescence; cohort; ethnicity; growth; later CVD risk; overweight