title: Intracellular Chloride Concentration Changes Modulate IL-1β Expression and Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cultured Cells.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene, which encodes a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. Several cellular functions are altered in CF cells. However, it is not clear how the CFTR failure induces those alterations. We have found previously several genes differentially expressed in CF cells, including c-Src, MUC1, MTND4, and CISD1 (CFTR-dependent genes). Recently, we also reported the existence of several chloride-dependent genes, among them GLRX5 and RPS27. Here, varying the intracellular chloride concentration [Cl-]iof IB3-1 CF bronchial epithelial cells, we show that IL-1β mRNA expression and secretion are also under Cl-modulation. The response to Cl-is biphasic, with maximal effects at 75 mM Cl-. The regulation of the IL-1β mRNA expression involves an IL-1β autocrine effect, since in the presence of the IL-1β receptor antagonist IL1RN or anti-IL-1β blocking antibody, the mRNA response to Cl-disappeared. Similar effects were obtained with the JNK inhibitor SP600125, the c-Src inhibitor PP2 and the IKK inhibitor III (BMS-345541). On the other hand, the IL-1β secretion is still modulated by Cl-in the presence of IL-1RN, IL-1β blocking antibody, or cycloheximide, suggesting that Cl-is affecting the IL-1β maturation/secretion, which in turn starts an autocrine positive feedback loop. In conclusion, the Cl-anion acts as a second messenger for CFTR, modulating the IL-1β maturation/secretion. The results also imply that, depending on its intracellular concentration, Cl-could be a pro-inflammatory mediator. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2131-2140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Mariángeles
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clauzure
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Ángel G
authors.initials: ÁG
authors.lastname: Valdivieso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Massip-Copiz
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Andrea V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Dugour
authors.affiliation: Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Tomás A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Santa-Coloma
mesh_terms: D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C412373:AG 1879; D000873:Anthracenes; D002712:Chlorides; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; D003513:Cycloheximide
keywords: CFTR; CFTR SIGNALING; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; INFLAMMATION; INTRACELLULAR CHLORIDE