title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Lymphadenitis Patterns on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to study the microscopic patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) lymphadenitis on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and correlate them with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study of known HIV-positive patients who underwent lymph node FNAC over a period of 5 years (2009-2013) was undertaken. The cytology slides were retrieved and reviewed. Out of 317 cases, 38 (11.7%) were diagnosed as HIV lymphadenitis. We analysed the cytomorphological patterns of HIV lymphadenitis and correlated them with the CD4 cell counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smears of HIV lymphadenitis were classified akin to histology patterns (A, B, and C) depending on cellularity, number of tingible body macrophages, mitosis, apoptotic bodies, plasma cells, Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells, and proliferating blood vessels. Thirty-one cases showed pattern A, 3 showed pattern B, and 4 were of pattern C. Pattern A had the highest CD4 cell count.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Histologic patterns of HIV lymphadenitis are recognisable on FNAC smears. These can offer a clue to the diagnosis and guide further workup, even in the absence of history. The changes can mimic those of the infective lymphadenitis, Castleman disease, and lymphoma. Hence, the clinical history, serological correlation, and awareness of cytomorphology can aid the correct diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agnihotri
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Sachin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Kanchan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kothari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D005871:Castleman Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008199:Lymphadenitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery