title: Control of bacterial chromosome replication by non-coding regions outside the origin.
abstract: Chromosome replication in Eubacteria is initiated by initiator protein(s) binding to specific sites within the replication origin, oriC. Recently, initiator protein binding to chromosomal regions outside the origin has attracted renewed attention; as such binding sites contribute to control the frequency of initiations. These outside-oriC binding sites function in several different ways: by steric hindrances of replication fork assembly, by titration of initiator proteins away from the origin, by performing a chaperone-like activity for inactivation- or activation of initiator proteins or by mediating crosstalk between chromosomes. Here, we discuss initiator binding to outside-oriC sites in a broad range of different taxonomic groups, to highlight the significance of such regions for regulation of bacterial chromosome replication. For Escherichia coli, it was recently shown that the genomic positions of regulatory elements are important for bacterial fitness, which, as we discuss, could be true for several other organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics and Center for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence (BASP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Kemitorvet, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frimodt-Møller
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics and Center for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence (BASP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Godefroid
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charbon
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics and Center for Bacterial Stress Response and Persistence (BASP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. lobner@bio.ku.dk.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0344-6417
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Løbner-Olesen
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D018741:Replication Origin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins
keywords: Bacterial chromosomes; Genomic position; Initiator protein; Outside-oriC regions; Replication control