title: Leishmaniasis and various immunotherapeutic approaches.
abstract: Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by multiple Leishmania (L.) species with diverse clinical manifestations. There is currently no vaccine against any form of the disease approved in humans, and chemotherapy is the sole approach for treatment. Unfortunately, treatment options are limited to a small number of drugs, partly due to high cost and significant adverse effects. The other obstacle in leishmaniasis treatment is the potential for drug resistance, which has been observed in multiple endemic countries. Immunotherapy maybe another important avenue for controlling leishmaniasis and could help patients control the disease. There are different approaches for immunotherapy in different infectious diseases, generally with low-cost, limited side-effects and no possibility to developing resistance. In this paper, different immunotherapy approaches as alternatives to routine drug treatment will be reviewed against leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research,Pasteur Institute of Iran,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taslimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research,Pasteur Institute of Iran,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zahedifard
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research,Pasteur Institute of Iran,Tehran,Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3384-2485
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rafati
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D054332:Leishmaniasis Vaccines
keywords: cellular therapy; chemoimmunotherapy; chemotherapy; immunotherapy; leishmaniasis; live Leishmania therapy