title: Determining the origin of superficial venous reflux in the groin with duplex ultrasound and implications for varicose vein surgery.
abstract: The purpose of this paper was to describe patterns of superficial reflux in the groin with respect to the terminal valve (TV), which is located at the saphenous opening to the common femoral vein, the great saphenous vein, and its tributary veins.
  
  
  
  This study included 2019 legs with chronic venous insufficiency that received endoluminal varicose vein treatment because of varicosities with insufficiency of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ). In a preoperative duplex ultrasound investigation of the superficial vein system, reflux after provocation in the SFJ, great saphenous vein, cranial veins (superficial external pudendal vein, superficial epigastric vein, superficial circumflex iliac vein), and anterior and posterior accessory saphenous veins was recorded and classified on the basis of the origin of reflux.
  
  
  
  In 1348 legs (66.8%), the reflux had its origin exclusively in the common femoral vein. In 170 legs (8.4%), the reflux had its origin in the common femoral and cranial veins. In 430 legs (21.3%), the insufficiency was due to saphenocranial reflux only. In 71 legs (3.5%), the origin of reflux could not be determined.
  
  
  
  Reflux in the SFJ does not involve the TV in 24.8% of the legs, implying that routine high ligation and ablation close to the TV might be overtreatment in these patients.
authors.affiliation: MVZ Dr. Zollmann und Kollegen, Jena, Germany. Electronic address: paul.zollmann@jena-praxisklinik.de.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zollmann
authors.affiliation: Praxis für Venen- und Hauterkrankungen, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zollmann
authors.affiliation: MVZ Dr. Zollmann und Kollegen, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zollmann
authors.affiliation: Praxis für Venen- und Hauterkrankungen, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Veltman
authors.affiliation: MVZ Dr. Zollmann und Kollegen, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kerzig
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doerler
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stücker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006119:Groin; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012501:Saphenous Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055422:Venous Valves / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult