title: Effect of Self-etch Adhesives on Self-sealing Ability of High-Copper Amalgams.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Similar to conventional amalgam, high-copper amalgam alloy may also undergo corrosion, but it takes longer time for the resulting products to reduce microleakage by sealing the micro-gap at the tooth/amalgam interface.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of self-etch adhesives with different pH levels on the interfacial corrosion behavior of high-copper amalgam restoration and its induction potential for self-sealing ability of the micro-gap in the early hours after setting by means of Electro-Chemical Tests (ECTs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty cylindrical cavities of 4.5mm x 4.7mm were prepared on intact bicuspids. The samples were divided into five main groups of application of Adhesive Resin (AR)/ liner/ None (No), on the cavity floor. The first main group was left without an AR/ liner (No). In the other main groups, the types of AR/ liner used were I-Bond (IB), Clearfil S3(S3), Single Bond (SB) and Varnish (V). Each main group (n=6) was divided into two subgroups (n=3) according to the types of the amalgams used, either admixed ANA 2000 (ANA) or spherical Tytin (Tyt). The ECTs, Open Circuit Potential (OCP), and the Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) for each sample were performed and measured 48 hours after the completion of the samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Tyt-No and Tyt-IB samples showed the highest and lowest OCP values respectively. In LPR tests, the Rp values of ANA-V and Tyt-V were the highest (lowest corrosion rate) and contrarily, the ANA-IB and Tyt-IB samples, with the lowest pH levels, represented the lowest Rp values (highest corrosion rates).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some self-etch adhesives may increase interfacial corrosion potential and self-sealing ability of high-copper amalgams.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center and Dept. of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Saied Mostafa
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moazzami
authors.affiliation: Dental Research Center and Dept. of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Horieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moosavi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moddaber
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Researcher, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin University (DU), Geelong-Australia.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parvizi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamad Hadi
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moayed
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, Academic Center of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhber
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental Research, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meharry
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Craniofacial Sciences, Division of General Dentistry, Operative Dentistry-D200, UCONN Health, School of Dental Medicine, Farmington CT, USA.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: B Kazemi
keywords:  Corrosion ;  Dental Amalgam ;  Self-etch adhesive; Electrochemical Test 