title: Molecularly imprinted phloroglucinol-formaldehyde-melamine resin prepared in a deep eutectic solvent for selective recognition of clorprenaline and bambuterol in urine.
abstract: A new molecularly imprinted phloroglucinol-formaldehyde-melamine resin (MIPFMR) was synthesized in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) using phenylephrine as a dummy template. The MIPFMR was used as a solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the selective isolation and recognition of clorprenaline (CLP) and bambuterol (BAM) in urine. Phloroglucinol and melamine were used as double functional monomers that introduced abundant hydrophilic groups (such as hydroxyl groups, imino groups, and ether linkages) into the MIPFMR, making it compatible with aqueous solvents. In addition, the formation of DES by combining the quaternary ammonium salt of choline chloride with ethylene glycol as a hydrogen bond donor was an environmentally safe alternative to toxic organic solvents such as chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide that are typically used in the preparation of most molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Moreover, MIPFMR-based SPE of CLP and BAM in urine resulted in higher recoveries and purer extracts than those obtained by using other SPE materials (e.g., SCX, C18, HLB, and non-imprinted phloroglucinol-formaldehyde-melamine resin (NIPFMR)). The optimized MIPFMR-SPE-HPLC-UV method had good linearity (r2≥ 0.9996) ranging from 15.0 to 3000.0 ng mL-1for CLP and BAM, and the recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 91.7% to 100.1% with RSDs ≤7.6%. The novel MIPFMR-SPE-HPLC-UV method is simple, selective, and accurate, and can be used for the determination of CLP and BAM in urine samples.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
authors.forename: Shiru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China. Electronic address: yanhy@hbu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
authors.forename: Jiankun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
authors.forename: Yehong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province & College of Public Health, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
authors.forename: Shigang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education & College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
authors.forename: Ligai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D054802:Molecular Imprinting; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D012997:Solvents; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D014227:Triazines / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D012997:Solvents; D014227:Triazines; D005557:Formaldehyde; C004350:clorprenaline; D010696:Phloroglucinol; D007545:Isoproterenol; C011907:melamine; D013726:Terbutaline; C047766:bambuterol
keywords: Deep eutectic solvent (DES); Dummy template; Molecularly imprinted phloroglucinol–formaldehyde–melamine resin (MIPFMR); Urine