title: Health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression in parents of adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: a controlled study.
abstract: Our objectives were to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL), anxiety, depression of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) adolescents' parents compared to controls; to assess GTS adolescents' HRQoL compared to controls; to investigate which parental and adolescent variables are associated with poorer parental HRQoL. The controlled study involved GTS outpatients and their parents, adolescent healthy controls matched for gender and age and their parents. Parents' HRQoL was assessed using SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF; anxiety, depression using HADS. Adolescents' HRQoL was assessed by adolescents using VSP-A instrument and by their parents using VSP-P. A total of 75 GTS adolescents, 75 mothers, 63 fathers were compared to 75 control adolescents, 75 mothers, 62 fathers. GTS mothers had worse HRQoL than controls on 5 of the 8 SF-36 dimensions and 1 of the 4 WHOQOL-BREF dimensions, while GTS fathers had worse HRQoL on 2 of the WHOQOL-BREF dimensions. GTS mothers had poorer HRQoL than fathers. GTS mothers had more depression than control mothers and GTS fathers had more anxiety than control fathers. GTS adolescents had worse HRQoL than controls on 5 of the 9 VSP-A dimensions. Factors significantly related to parental HRQoL were anxiety, depression, GTS adolescents' HRQoL and, concerning mothers, behavioural and emotional adolescents' problems; concerning fathers, severity of vocal tics, duration since first symptoms. This study provides a better understanding of poorer HRQoL and psychiatric morbidity of GTS adolescents' parents. Clinicians should pay attention to their emotional well-being and HRQoL and be aware that mothers and fathers are differently affected.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrie de l'Adulte A et Psychologie médicale Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex1, France. ijalenques@chu-clermontferrand.fr.|Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Equipe d'Accueil 7280, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. ijalenques@chu-clermontferrand.fr.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8331-4544
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jalenques
authors.affiliation: Santé Publique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.|Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont, Equipe d'Accueil 4681, PEPRADE, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Candy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Auclair
authors.affiliation: DRCI, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morand
authors.affiliation: Psychiatrie de l'Adulte A et Psychologie médicale Pôle de Psychiatrie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex1, France.|Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Equipe d'Accueil 7280, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Equipe d'Accueil 7280, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Magali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcheix
authors.affiliation: Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, Equipe d'Accueil 7280, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Clémentine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramanoel
authors.affiliation: Département de Neurologie, Pôle des Maladies du Système Nerveux, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Centre de référence 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', 75013, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: Neurologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63003, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Derost
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020323:Tics / Q000523:psychology; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology
keywords: Adolescents; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome; Health-related quality of life; Mental health; Parents; Tics