title: The Glasgow Prognostic Score at the Time of Palliative Esophageal Stent Insertion is a Predictive Factor of 30-Day Mortality and Overall Survival.
abstract: Optimizing the timing of esophageal stent insertion is a challenge, partly due to difficulty predicting survival in advanced malignancy. The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) is a validated tool for predicting survival in a number of cancers.
  
  
  
  To assess the utility of the GPS in predicting 30-day mortality and overall survival postesophageal stent insertion.
  
  
  
  Patients at a tertiary referral center who had received an esophageal stent for palliation of dysphagia were included if they had a measurement of albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the week preceding the procedure (n=209). Patients with both an elevated CRP (>10 mg/L) and hypoalbuminemia (<35 g/L) were given a GPS score of 2 (GPS2). Patients with only one of these abnormalities were assigned as GPS1 and those with normal CRP and albumin were assigned as GPS0. Clinical and pathologic parameters were also collected to assess for potential confounding factors in the survival analysis.
  
  
  
  Increasing GPS was associated with 30-day mortality; for patients with GPS0, 30-day mortality was 5% (2/43), for GPS1 it was 23% (26/114), and for GPS2 it was 33% (17/52). The adjusted hazard ratio for overall poststent mortality was 1.6 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.4; P=0.02) for GPS1 and 2.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.8; P<0.001) for GPS2 patients compared with GPS0.
  
  
  
  GPS is an independent prognostic factor of 30-day mortality and overall survival after esophageal stent insertion. It is a potential adjunct to clinical assessment in identifying those patients at high-risk of short-term mortality poststent.
authors.affiliation: Leeds Gastroenterology Institute.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Driver
authors.affiliation: St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Handforth
authors.affiliation: St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, St James's University Hospital, Leeds.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Radhakrishna
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Palliative Care, University of Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: Leeds Gastroenterology Institute.|Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.affiliation: Leeds Gastroenterology Institute.
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Everett
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein