title: Life Expectancy and Cause-Specific Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cohort Study Quantifying Relationships in Ethnic Subgroups.
abstract: This study1) investigated life expectancy and cause-specific mortality rates associated with type 2 diabetes and2) quantified these relationships in ethnic subgroups.
  
  
  
  This was a cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data from 383 general practices in England with linked hospitalization and mortality records. A total of 187,968 patients with incident type 2 diabetes from 1998 to 2015 were matched to 908,016 control subjects. Abridged life tables estimated years of life lost, and a competing risk survival model quantified cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs).
  
  
  
  A total of 40,286 deaths occurred in patients with type 2 diabetes. At age 40, white men with diabetes lost 5 years of life and white women lost 6 years compared with those without diabetes. A loss of between 1 and 2 years was observed for South Asians and blacks with diabetes. At age older than 65 years, South Asians with diabetes had up to 1.1 years' longer life expectancy than South Asians without diabetes. Compared with whites with diabetes, South Asians with diabetes had lower adjusted risks for mortality from cardiovascular (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.75, 0.89), cancer (HR 0.43; 95% CI 0.36, 0.51), and respiratory diseases (HR 0.60; 95% CI 0.48, 0.76). A similar pattern was observed in blacks with diabetes compared with whites with diabetes.
  
  
  
  Type 2 diabetes was associated with more years of life lost among whites than among South Asians or blacks, with older South Asians experiencing longer life expectancy compared with South Asians without diabetes. The findings support optimized cardiovascular disease risk factor management, especially in whites with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.|Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Alison K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kontopantelis
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Emsley
authors.affiliation: The Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K.
authors.forename: Naveed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattar
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K.|Manchester Diabetes Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, U.K.
authors.forename: Martin K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rutter
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, U.K. darren.ashcroft@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Darren M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Ashcroft
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D019468:Disease Management; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People