title: A Bone Glue with Sustained Adhesion under Wet Conditions.
abstract: Bone glues often suffer from low adhesion to bone under wet conditions. This study aims to improve wet adhesiveness of a bone glue based on a photocurable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate matrix through in situ interpenetrating network formation by addition of six-armed isocyanate functional star-shaped prepolymers (NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO)). Biodegradable ceramic fillers are added to adjust the paste workability. The 3-point bending strength of the bone glues is in the range of 3.5-5.5 MPa and not significantly affected by the addition of NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO). Storage in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) decreases the bending strength of all formulations to approximately 1 MPa but the adhesion to cortical bone increases from 0.15-0.2 to 0.3-0.5 MPa after adding 20-40 wt% NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) to the matrix. Bone glues without the NCO-sP(EO-stat-PO) additive lose their adhesiveness to bone after aging in PBS for 7 days, whereas modified glues maintain a shear strength of 0.18-0.25 MPa demonstrating the efficacy of the approach. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy investigations of the fracture surfaces prove a high amount of residual adhesive on the bone surface indicating that adhesion to the bone under wet conditions is stronger than cohesion.
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wistlich
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rücker
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schamel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kübler
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gbureck
authors.affiliation: Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Groll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: bone glue; ceramic fillers; polyethylene glycol methacrylate; reactive star-shaped prepolymers; wet adhesion