title: Household greywater treatment methods using natural materials and their hybrid system.
abstract: Discharge of household greywater into water bodies can lead to an increase in contamination levels in terms of the reduction in dissolved oxygen resources and rapid bacterial growth. Therefore, the quality of greywater has to be improved before the disposal process. The present review aimed to present a hybrid treatment system for the greywater generated from households. The hybrid system comprised a primary stage (a natural filtration unit) with a bioreactor system as the secondary treatment combined with microalgae for greywater treatment, as well as the natural flocculation process. The review discussed the efficiency of each stage in the removal of elements and nutrients. The hybrid system reviewed here represented an effective solution for the remediation of household greywater.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia E-mail: yadembo02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wurochekke
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia E-mail: yadembo02@yahoo.com; Center of Micro-pollutant Research Batu Pahat, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: R M S
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia E-mail: yadembo02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Gheethi
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia E-mail: yadembo02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Hauwa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Atiku
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor 86400, Malaysia E-mail: yadembo02@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Amir
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, UTHM, Parit Raja, Johor 86400, Malaysia.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Matias-Peralta
mesh_terms: D005191:Family Characteristics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D062065:Wastewater