title: Relevance and Reason Relations.
abstract: This paper examines precursors and consequents of perceived relevance of a proposition A for a proposition C. In Experiment 1, we test Spohn's (2012) assumption that ∆P = P(C|A) - P(C|~A) is a good predictor of ratings of perceived relevance and reason relations, and we examine whether it is a better predictor than the difference measure (P(C|A) - P(C)). In Experiment 2, we examine the effects of relevance on probabilistic coherence in Cruz, Baratgin, Oaksford, and Over's (2015) uncertain "and-to-if" inferences. The results suggest that ∆P predicts perceived relevance and reason relations better than the difference measure and that participants are either less probabilistically coherent in "and-to-if" inferences than initially assumed or that they do not follow P(if A, then C) = P(C|A) ("the Equation"). Results are discussed in light of recent results suggesting that the Equation may not hold under conditions of irrelevance or negative relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, University of Konstanz.|Department of Psychology, Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skovgaard-Olsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Zürich.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Singmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg.
authors.forename: Karl Christoph
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Klauer
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: And-to-if inferences; Conditionals; Probabilistic coherence; Reason relations; Relevance; the Equation