title: "Didn't I just say that?" Comparing parent report and spontaneous speech as indicators of grammatical development.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales use parental report to examine communication and social skills in children with typical and atypical development, and exhibit high reliability when compared against overall direct testing. However, findings are mixed comparing Vineland communication/language scores with experimenter-administered tests of language.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study breaks new ground in comparing Vineland reports with direct observation of children's speech by (a) individual items and (b) level of child functioning, focusing on usage of wh-questions, verb tenses, negation, pronouns and noun-verb combinations. Both 'high-verbal' (HV) and 'middle-verbal' (MV) children with ASD are included, as well as a language-matched TD group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that parent report on the Vineland varies in accuracy of capturing the production of grammatical items by young children with ASD and TD children. While parents' assessment of their child's production of noun-verb combinations and 'who/why' was highly accurate, children's production of pronouns was under-rated by parents. Additionally, parents of HV children also under-rated their child's production of past regular verbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Underestimation of these grammatical elements could lead to mistaken conclusions about their development in ASD or in individual children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA. Electronic address: manya.jyotishi@uconn.edu.
authors.forename: Manya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jyotishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fein
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology Sciences, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269-1020, USA.
authors.forename: Letitia R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Naigles
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D013060:Speech
keywords: ASD; Grammatical items; Language assessment; Spontaneous speech; Vineland