title: Impacts of resistant starch and wheat bran consumption on enteric inflammation in relation to colonic bacterial community structures and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identifying the connection among diet, the intestinal microbiome, and host health is currently an area of intensive research, but the potential of dietary fiber (DF) consumption to ameliorate intestinal inflammation has not been extensively studied. We examined the impacts of the DFs, wheat bran (WB) and resistant starch (RS) on host enteric health. A murine model of acute Th1/Th17 colitis (i.e. incited byCitrobacter rodentium) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diets enriched with RS increased weight gain in mice inoculated withC. rodentiumcompared to mice consuming a conventional control (CN) diet. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) quantities in the cecum and distal colon were higher in mice consuming DFs, and these mice exhibited higher butyrate concentrations in the distal colon during inflammation. Histopathologic scores of inflammation in the proximal colon on day 14 post-inoculation (p.i.) (peak infection) and 21 p.i. (late infection) were lower in mice consuming DF-enriched diets compared to the CN diet. Consumption of WB reduced the expression of Th1/Th17 cytokines. As well, the expression of bacterial recognition and response genes such asRelmβ,RegIIIγ, andTlr4increased in mice consuming the RS-enriched diets. Furthermore, each diet generated a region-specific bacterial community, suggesting a link between selection for specific bacterial communities, SCFA concentrations, and inflammation in the murine colon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, data indicated that the consumption of DF-rich diets ameliorates the effects ofC. rodentium-induced enteritis by modifying the host microbiota to increase SCFA production, and bacterial recognition and response mechanisms to promote host health.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Canada.|Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada.
authors.forename: Janelle A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jiminez
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, 2C3.82 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, 8440-112th Street, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada.
authors.forename: Trina C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Uwiera
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Canada.
authors.forename: D Wade
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 410 Agriculture/Forestry Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5 Canada.
authors.forename: Richard R E
authors.initials: RRE
authors.lastname: Uwiera
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1 Canada.
authors.forename: G Douglas
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Inglis
keywords: Acute enteritis; Citrobacter rodentium; Inflammation; Resistant starch; Short-chain fatty acids; Wheat bran