title: Impact of Autocidal Gravid Ovitraps on Chikungunya Virus Incidence in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Areas With and Without Traps.
abstract: Puerto Rico detected the first confirmed case of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in May 2014 and the virus rapidly spread throughout the island. The invasion of CHIKV allowed us to observe Aedes aegypti (L.) densities, infection rates, and impact of vector control in urban areas using CDC autocidal gravid ovitraps (AGO traps) for mosquito control over several years. Because local mosquitoes can only get the virus from infectious residents, detecting the presence of virus in mosquitoes functions as a proxy for the presence of virus in people. We monitored the incidence of CHIKV in gravid females of Ae. aegypti in four neighborhoods-two with three AGO traps per home in most homes and two nearby neighborhoods without AGO mosquito control traps. Monitoring of mosquito density took place weekly using sentinel AGO traps from June to December 2014. In all, 1,334 pools of female Ae. aegypti (23,329 individuals) were processed by real-time reverse transcription PCR to identify CHIKV and DENV RNA. Density of Ae. aegypti females was 10.5 times lower (91%) in the two areas with AGO control traps during the study. Ten times (90.9%) more CHIKV-positive pools were identified in the nonintervention areas (50/55 pools) than in intervention areas (5/55). We found a significant linear relationship between the number of positive pools and both density of Ae. aegypti and vector index (average number of expected infected mosquitoes per trap per week). Temporal and spatial patterns of positive CHIKV pools suggested limited virus circulation in areas with AGO traps.
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (rbarrera@cdc.gov; gra3@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; wma0@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barrera
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (rbarrera@cdc.gov; gra3@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; wma0@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (rbarrera@cdc.gov; gra3@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; wma0@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Gilberto E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Felix
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (rbarrera@cdc.gov; gra3@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; wma0@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Ryan R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Hemme
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (jvazquez@cdc.gov; ckq2@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (jvazquez@cdc.gov; ckq2@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.affiliation: Entomology and Ecology Activity, Dengue Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, San Juan, Puerto Rico (rbarrera@cdc.gov; gra3@cdc.gov; ckn5@cdc.gov; wma0@cdc.gov; maa4@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amador
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D002646:Chikungunya virus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011647:Puerto Rico
keywords: Aedes aegypti; arboviral transmission; invasive species; mosquito control; vector-borne pathogen