title: Magnetic resonance imaging based functional imaging in paediatric oncology.
abstract: Imaging is central to management of solid tumours in children. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard imaging modality for tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) and limbs and is increasingly used in the abdomen. It provides excellent structural detail, but imparts limited information about tumour type, aggressiveness, metastatic potential or early treatment response. MRI based functional imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion weighted imaging, probe tissue properties to provide clinically important information about metabolites, structure and blood flow. This review describes the role of and evidence behind these functional imaging techniques in paediatric oncology and implications for integrating them into routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: karenphotiou@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Manias
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: S.K.Gill.1@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Simrandip K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: Lesley.Macpherson@bch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: Katharine.Foster@bch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Katharine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: Adam.Oates@bch.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oates
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; Department of Paediatric Oncology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK. Electronic address: a.peet@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Peet
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging; Diffusion tensor imaging; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Neoplasms; Paediatrics; Perfusion imaging