title: The catalytic domain of Penicillium crustosum endoglucanase EGL1 has cellulose-binding capacity and cellulolytic activity.
abstract: The cellulase-mediated degradation of cellulosic materials, which is initiated by endoglucanases by the random cleavage of the glycosidic bonds between glucose units to break long cellulose molecules into shorter ones, represents a major carbon flow in the global carbon cycle. The structure of a typical endoglucanase contains a classical (α/β)8barrel fold catalytic domain, a linker region and a cellulose-binding domain. In this study, we found that both the full-length enzyme and the catalytic domain of endoglucanase EGL1 cloned from Penicillium crustosum strain 601 have CMCase and FPase activity. A cellulose-binding assay using green fluorescent protein as a marker further showed that the catalytic domain could also bind the cellulose substrate. The three-dimensional structure of the catalytic domain of EGL1 revealed that this cellulose substrate-binding capacity of the catalytic domain may come from the hydrophobic core formed by aromatic amino acids distributed in or outside the (α/β)8barrel fold. A glycine scanning mutagenesis assay further found that the aromatic amino acids at the bottom of the barrel fold and those adjacent to the catalytic site significantly affect the cellulolytic activity and the cellulose binding affinity of the catalytic domain. Thus, it could be speculated that the aromatic amino acids in the bottom of the barrel fold might be the main contributors in the binding capacity of the catalytic domain with the cellulose substrate, and those distributed around the active sites on the top of the enzyme might participate in moving the cellulose substrate to the active site in the barrel fold or releasing the hydrolysis products.
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China. Electronic address: jiangke.yang@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jiang-Ke
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Yuan
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
authors.forename: Zheng-Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D002480:Cellulase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008958:Models, Molecular; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D010843:Pichia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D002482:Cellulose; D002480:Cellulase; C090774:endoglucanase EGL1
keywords: Catalytic domain; Cellulase binding assay; Endoglucanase; Glycine scanning mutagenesis; Hydrophobic core