title: Molecular genetic and biochemical responses in human airway epithelial cell cultures exposed to titanium nanoparticles in vitro.
abstract: Titanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical applications. And, to translate these nanomaterials to the clinic and industrial domains, their safety needs to be verified, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate of cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression profiles influenced by commonly titanium (as titanium carbide, titanium carbo-nitride, titanium (II) oxide, titanium (III) oxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titanium nitride, titanium silicon oxide) NPs in human alveolar epithelial (HPAEpiC) and pharynx (HPPC) cell lines in vitro since inhalation is an important pathway for exposure to these NPs. HPAEpiC and HPPC cells were treated with titanium (0-100 µg/mL), NPs for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by, [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT), uptake of neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, while genotoxicity was also analyzed by cDNA array - RT-PCR assay. According to the results of MTT, NR and LDH assays, all tested NPs induced cytotoxicity on both HPAEpiC and HPPC cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Determining and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HPAEpiC and HPPC cells, titanium NPs showed more changes in genes related to DNA damage or repair, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2056-2064, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elanur
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Türkez
authors.affiliation: Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fazıl
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hacımüftüoğlu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdulgani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tatar
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, TR-25240, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatime
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geyikoğlu
mesh_terms: D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: airway epithelial cell; genotoxicity; in vitro gene expression; nanotoxicity; titanium