title: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Methamidophos in the Embryo-Larval Stages of Zebrafish.
abstract: Methamidophos is a representative organophosphate insecticide. The knowledge of its developmental neurotoxicity is limited, especially for zebrafish in the early stages of their life. Four hour post-fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to several environmentally relevant concentrations of methamidophos (0, 25, and 500 μg/L) for up to 72 hpf. Locomotor behavior was then studied in the zebrafish larvae at this timepoint. Acridine orange (AO) staining was carried out in the zebrafish larvae, and the mRNA levels of genes associated with neural development (mbpandsyn2a) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The number of escape responders for mechanical stimulation was significantly decreased in exposed groups. AO staining showed noticeable signs of apoptosis mainly in the brain. In addition, the mRNA levels ofmbpandsyn2awere both significantly down-regulated in exposed groups. Our study provides the first evidence that methamidophos exposure can cause developmental neurotoxicity in the early stages of zebrafish life, which may be caused by the effect of methamidophos on neurodevelopmental genes and the activation of cell apoptosis in the brain.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. hexiaoweicy@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. hexiaoweicy@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. 13057522761@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. 13057522761@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. tydong@hotmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. tydong@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Tianyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. minjianchen@njmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. minjianchen@njmu.edu.cn.|Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China. minjianchen@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Minjian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. zk@njmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. zk@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. changchunxin1990@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. changchunxin1990@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. xixiazure@gmail.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. xixiazure@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. chaowang_sph_njmu@163.com.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. chaowang_sph_njmu@163.com.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. wangshl@njmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. wangshl@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shoulin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China. chendaozhen@163.com.
authors.forename: Daozhen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. zhouzm@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zuomin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China. tianmiejp@shsmu.edu.cn.|Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China. tianmiejp@shsmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. yankaixia@njmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. yankaixia@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yankai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. xrwang@njmu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China. xrwang@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects*; D020258:Neurotoxicity Syndromes / Q000196:embryology*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D009946:Organothiophosphorus Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C014655:methamidophos
keywords: developmental neurotoxicity; methamidophos; toxicology; zebrafish