title: Assessment of turbulent viscous stress using ICOSA 4D Flow MRI for prediction of hemodynamic blood damage.
abstract: Flow-induced blood damage plays an important role in determining the hemodynamic impact of abnormal blood flow, but quantifying of these effects, which are dominated by shear stresses in highly fluctuating turbulent flow, has not been feasible. This study evaluated the novel application of turbulence tensor measurements using simulated 4D Flow MRI data with six-directional velocity encoding for assessing hemodynamic stresses and corresponding blood damage index (BDI) in stenotic turbulent blood flow. The results showed that 4D Flow MRI underestimates the maximum principal shear stress of laminar viscous stress (PLVS), and overestimates the maximum principal shear stress of Reynolds stress (PRSS) with increasing voxel size. PLVS and PRSS were also overestimated by about 1.2 and 4.6 times at medium signal to noise ratio (SNR) = 20. In contrast, the square sum of the turbulent viscous shear stress (TVSS), which is used for blood damage index (BDI) estimation, was not severely affected by SNR and voxel size. The square sum of TVSS and the BDI at SNR >20 were underestimated by less than 1% and 10%, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the feasibility of 4D Flow MRI based quantification of TVSS and BDI which are closely linked to blood damage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hojin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haraldsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Belen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casas
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Division of Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Department of Management and Engineering (IEI), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Matts
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saloner
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dyverfeldt
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.|Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ebbers
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D033081:Shear Strength