title: Pain and discomfort during the first week of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using two different RME appliances: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate and compare perceived pain intensity, discomfort, and jaw function impairment during the first week with tooth-borne or tooth-bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-four patients (28 girls and 26 boys) with a mean age of 9.8 years (SD 1.28 years) were randomized into two groups. Group A received a conventional hyrax appliance and group B a hybrid hyrax appliance anchored on mini-implants in the anterior palate. Questionnaires were used to assess pain intensity, discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment on the first and fourth days after RME appliance insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients answered both questionnaires. Overall median pain on the first day in treatment was 13.0 (range 0-82) and 3.5 (0-78) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences in pain, discomfort, analgesic consumption, or functional jaw impairment between groups. Overall median pain on the fourth day was 9.0 (0-90) and 2.0 (0-71) for groups A and B, respectively, with no significant differences between groups. There were also no significant differences in pain levels within group A, while group B scored significantly lower concerning pain from molars and incisors and tensions from the jaw on day 4 than on the first day in treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between age and pain and discomfort on the fourth day in treatment. No correlations were found between sex and pain and discomfort, analgesic consumption, and jaw function impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both tooth-borne and tooth-bone-borne RME were generally well tolerated by the patients during the first week of treatment.
authors.forename: Ingalill
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Feldmann
authors.forename: Farhan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bazargani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Mini-implants; Pain and discomfort; Questionnaire; Rapid maxillary expansion