title: Electromagnetic Performances Analysis of an Ultra-wideband and Flexible Material Antenna in Microwave Breast Imaging: To Implement A Wearable Medical Bra.
abstract: In this paper, we report a compact and ultra-wide band antenna on a flexible substrate using the 5-(4-(perfluorohexyl)phenyl)thiophene-2-carbaldehyde compound for microwave imaging. In contrast to other microwave based imaging systems, such as an array of 16 antennas, we proposed a bi-static radar based imaging system consisting of two omnidirectional antennas, which reduces complexity and the overall dimension. The proposed compact antennas are 20 × 14 mm2and designed for operating at frequencies from 4 to 6 GHz. To allow for implantation into a bra, the electromagnetic performances of the antennas must be considered in bending conditions. In comparison with the recently reported flexible antennas, we demonstrated both electromagnetic performance and imaging reconstruction for bending conditions. For the proof of concept, the electromagnetic performances both at flat and bending conditions have been verified using a homogeneous multilayer model of the human breast phantom. Our results demonstrate that the antenna, even at bending conditions, exhibits an excellent omni-directional radiation pattern with an average efficiency above 70% and average gain above 1 dBi, within the operational frequency band. The comprehensive aim of the realized antenna is to design a biodegradable and wearable antenna-based bra for early breast cancer detection in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ashiqur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.|Laboratory of Spacecraft Environment Interaction Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Tariqul
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mandeep Jit
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Salehin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kibria
authors.affiliation: Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhtaruzzaman
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003020:Clothing; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008872:Microwaves; D000076251:Wearable Electronic Devices