title: Association between -174G/C and -572G/C interleukin 6 gene polymorphisms and severe radiographic damage to the hands of Mexican patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary report.
abstract: Several interleukin 6 gene (IL6) polymorphisms are implicated in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It has not yet been established with certainty if these polymorphisms are associated with the severe radiographic damage observed in some RA patients, particularly those with the development of joint bone ankylosis (JBA). The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between severe radiographic damage in hands and the -174G/C and -572G/C IL6 polymorphisms in Mexican Mestizo people with RA. Mestizo adults with RA and long disease duration (>5 years) were classified into two groups according to the radiographic damage in their hands: a) severe radiographic damage (JBA and/or joint bone subluxations) and b) mild or moderate radiographic damage. We compared the differences in genotype and allele frequencies of -174G/C and -572G/C IL6 polymorphisms (genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) between these two groups. Our findings indicated that the -174G/C polymorphism of IL6 is associated with severe joint radiographic damage [maximum likelihood odds ratios (MLE_OR): 8.03; 95%CI 1.22-187.06; P = 0.03], whereas the -572G/C polymorphism of IL6 exhibited no such association (MLE_OR: 1.5; 95%CI 0.52-4.5; P = 0.44). Higher anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody levels were associated with more severe joint radiographic damage (P = 0.04). We conclude that there is a relevant association between the -174G/C IL6 polymorphism and severe radiographic damage. Future studies in other populations are required to confirm our findings.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, México.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zavaleta-Muñiz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna/Reumatología, Hospital General Regional 110 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.|Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.|Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Murillo-Vazquez
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saldaña-Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad Médica Familiar 4, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.|Departamento de Salud Pública, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Vazquez-Villegas
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Martín-Márquez
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad de Colima, Colima, Colima, México.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Vasquez-Jimenez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Garcia
authors.affiliation: División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Padilla
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Fajardo-Robledo
authors.affiliation: Unidad Médica Familiar, Magdalena, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ponce-Guarneros
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de Tonalá, U de G, Tonalá, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rocha-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Interna/Reumatología, Hospital General de zona 14 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Alcaraz-Lopez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clinica, CUCS, U de G, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cardona-Müller
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Terapeutica Experimental y Clinica, CUCS, U de G, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Totsuka-Sutto
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Rubio-Arellano
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Especialidades, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México drivangamez@prodigy.net.mx.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gamez-Nava
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006225:Hand / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6