title: Physical activity but not sedentary activity is reduced in primary Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of physical activity in individuals with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) and its relationship to the clinical features of PSS. To this cross-sectional study, self-reported levels of physical activity from 273 PSS patients were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-SF) and were compared with healthy controls matched for age, sex and body mass index. Fatigue and other clinical aspects of PSS including disease status, dryness, daytime sleepiness, dysautonomia, anxiety and depression were assessed using validated tools. Individuals with PSS had significantly reduced levels of physical activity [median (interquartile range, IQR) 1572 (594-3158) versus 3708 (1732-8255) metabolic equivalent of task (MET) × min/week, p < 0.001], but similar levels of sedentary activity [median (IQR) min 300 (135-375) versus 343 (223-433) (MET) × min/week, p = 0.532] compared to healthy individuals. Differences in physical activity between PSS and controls increased at moderate [median (IQR) 0 (0-480) versus 1560 (570-3900) MET × min/week, p < 0.001] and vigorous intensities [median (IQR) 0 (0-480) versus 480 (0-1920) MET × min/week, p < 0.001]. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between physical activity and fatigue, orthostatic intolerance, depressive symptoms and quality of life. Sedentary activity did not correlate with fatigue. Stepwise linear regression analysis identified symptoms of depression and daytime sleepiness as independent predictors of levels of physical activity. Physical activity is reduced in people with PSS and is associated with symptoms of depression and daytime sleepiness. Sedentary activity is not increased in PSS. Clinical care teams should explore the clinical utility of targeting low levels of physical activity in PSS.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Wan-fai.Ng@ncl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Wan-Fai
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: MoveLab, Physical Activity and Exercise Research, Institute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Ariana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Dudley, UK.
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kitas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pease
authors.affiliation: Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.affiliation: Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lanyon
authors.affiliation: Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.affiliation: Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.affiliation: University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.affiliation: NHS Fife, Whyteman's Brae Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.affiliation: Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK.
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.affiliation: Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK.|Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Young-Min
authors.affiliation: Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vadivelu
authors.affiliation: Aintree University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Moots
authors.affiliation: Royal Sunderland Hospital, Sunderland, UK.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coady
authors.affiliation: Torbay Hospital, Torquay, UK.
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacKay
authors.affiliation: Southend University Hospital, Westcliff-on-Sea, UK.
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Nurhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bombardieri
authors.affiliation: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: Costantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitzalis
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, Vitoria and Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Samira Tatiyama
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: MoveLab, Physical Activity and Exercise Research, Institute of Cellular Medicine and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Chronic Disease, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trenell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: Fatigue; Patient registry; Patient-reported outcomes; Physical activity; Primary Sjögren’s syndrome