title: Water supply and demand remain coordinated during breakdown of the global scaling relationship between leaf size and major vein density.
abstract: Vein networks that disobey the global scaling of major vein density with leaf size shed light on functional constraints of vein network formation in dicotyledons. Understanding their evolution, distribution and impact on vein-stomata-climate associations is an important contribution to our global view of vein network organization. Based on vein traits of 55 species of pantropical Ochnaceae, stomata and climatic niche data, and a dated molecular phylogeny, we unveil major structural shifts in vein networks through deep time, relationships between leaf size, vein and stomata traits, and their interplay with climate. Dense 2° veins, reduction of minor veins and the associated breakdown of vein-leaf size scaling evolved multiple times independently in Ochnaceae. In spite of the drastic changes in vein architecture in this venation type, vein and stomatal densities remain correlated. Our study demonstrates that shortening the major vein-stomata distance is economically not less advantageous than by increasing minor vein density, as illustrated by the same degree of coordination between vein and stomatal densities and the similar construction costs across networks with dense 2° veins and those with 'normally' spaced 2° veins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Julio V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Paleoanthropology and Messel Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Habersetzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Paleoanthropology and Messel Research, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, D-02826, Görlitz, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wesenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Am Museum 1, D-02826, Görlitz, Germany.|German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|International Institute Zittau, Technische Universität Dresden, Markt 23, 02763, Zittau, Germany.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wesche
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zizka
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000145:classification; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D058526:Plant Vascular Bundle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D014881:Water Supply
keywords: Ochnaceae; X-ray imaging; ancestral state reconstruction; dicotyledons; leaf venation network; stomatal density; vein density; vein-leaf size scaling