title: Impulsivity in rodents with a genetic predisposition for excessive alcohol consumption is associated with a lack of a prospective strategy.
abstract: Increasing evidence supports the hypothesis that impulsive decision-making is a heritable risk factor for an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Clearly identifying a link between impulsivity and AUD risk, however, is complicated by the fact that both AUDs and impulsivity are heterogeneous constructs. Understanding the link between the two requires identifying the underlying cognitive factors that lead to impulsive choices. Rodent models have established that a family history of excessive drinking can lead to the expression of a transgenerational impulsive phenotype, suggesting heritable alterations in the decision-making process. In the present study, we explored the cognitive processes underlying impulsive choice in a validated, selectively bred rodent model of excessive drinking-the alcohol-preferring ("P") rat. Impulsivity was measured via delay discounting (DD), and P rats exhibited an impulsive phenotype as compared to their outbred foundation strain-Wistar rats. Steeper discounting in P rats was associated with a lack of a prospective behavioral strategy, which was observed in Wistar rats and was directly related to DD. To further explore the underlying cognitive factors mediating these observations, a drift diffusion model of DD was constructed. These simulations supported the hypothesis that prospective memory of the delayed reward guided choice decisions, slowed discounting, and optimized the fit of the model to the experimental data. Collectively, these data suggest that a deficit in forming or maintaining a prospective behavioral plan is a critical intermediary to delaying reward, and by extension, may underlie the inability to delay reward in those with increased AUD risk.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. dlinsenb@iupui.edu.
authors.forename: David N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Linsenbardt
authors.affiliation: Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Smoker
authors.affiliation: Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Sarine S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Janetsian-Fritz
authors.affiliation: Addiction Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N. Blackford Street, LD 124, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.|Stark Neuroscience Institute and Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Institute for Mathematical Modeling and Computational Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School Of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lapish
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D065786:Delay Discounting; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D056344:Executive Function; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D007175:Impulsive Behavior; D008297:Male; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009043:Motor Activity; D010641:Phenotype; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time; D013045:Species Specificity
keywords: Alcohol-preferring rat; Alcoholism; Computational model; Delay discounting; Drift diffusion model; Prospective memory