title: The carnivorous Venus flytrap uses prey-derived amino acid carbon to fuel respiration.
abstract: The present study was performed to elucidate the fate of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) derived from protein of prey caught by carnivorous Dionaea muscipula. For this, traps were fed13C/15N-glutamine (Gln). The release of13CO2was continuously monitored by isotope ratio infrared spectrometry. After 46 h, the allocation of C and N label into different organs was determined and tissues were subjected to metabolome, proteome and transcriptome analyses. Nitrogen of Gln fed was already separated from its C skeleton in the decomposing fluid secreted by the traps. Most of the Gln-C and Gln-N recovered inside plants were localized in fed traps. Among nonfed organs, traps were a stronger sink for Gln-C compared to Gln-N, and roots were a stronger sink for Gln-N compared to Gln-C. A significant amount of the Gln-C was respired as indicated by13C-CO2emission, enhanced levels of metabolites of respiratory Gln degradation and increased abundance of proteins of respiratory processes. Transcription analyses revealed constitutive expression of enzymes involved in Gln metabolism in traps. It appears that prey not only provides building blocks of cellular constituents of carnivorous Dionaea muscipula, but also is used for energy generation by respiratory amino acid degradation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fasbender
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kreuzwieser
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany.
authors.forename: Waltraud X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alfarraj
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97070, Germany.|College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hedrich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany.|College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rennenberg
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D019069:Cell Respiration; D031257:Droseraceae / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap); amino acid catabolism; carbon partitioning; glutamine; nitrogen (N) partitioning; plant carnivory; respiratory degradation