title: Imaging Carotid Atherosclerosis Plaque Ulceration: Comparison of Advanced Imaging Modalities and Recent Developments.
abstract: Atherosclerosis remains the leading cause of long-term mortality and morbidity worldwide, despite remarkable advancement in its management. Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are principally responsible for thromboembolic events in various arterial territories such as carotid, coronary, and lower limb vessels. Carotid plaque ulceration is one of the key features associated with plaque vulnerability and is considered a notable indicator of previous plaque rupture and possible future cerebrovascular events. Multiple imaging modalities have been used to assess the degree of carotid plaque ulceration for diagnostic and research purposes. Early diagnosis and management of carotid artery disease could prevent further cerebrovascular events. In this review, we highlight the merits and limitations of various imaging techniques for identifying plaque ulceration.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK jmyuan5@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7223-2757
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0485-2553
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: T
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0655-412X
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: A J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8338-5652
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: J H
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4787-8091
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gillard
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology (J.Y., A.U., J.H.G., M.J.G.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.|Department of Radiology (T.D., A.J.P., M.J.G.), Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4327-3052
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Graves
mesh_terms: D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*