title: Nodular glomerulosclerosis in a non-diabetic hypertensive, dyslipidemic, smoker patient: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a case report of a patient with idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis whose pathogenesis and morphology are similar to diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 64-year-old Brazilian man, leukoderma, dyslipidemic, obese with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease secondary to tobacco smoking, known to be hypertensive for five years and he had no history of diabetes. He was admitted with sudden anasarca, rapid loss of renal function and needed to start hemodialysis immediately. Renal biopsy was performed, and the sections were examined by light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Morphological and ultrastructural findings showed that the profile of the disease studied herein strongly resembles diabetic nephropathy. However, the absence of diabetes mellitus, the presence of arteriolar hyalinosis in renal arterioles, tobacco smoking, and other clinical factors observed can play a significant role in nodular formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical features of the patient, and most importantly, the fact that he is a smoker, favor the diagnosis of "nodular glomerulosclerosis associated with smoking", a nomenclature proposed by some authors as an alternative to the term idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis. This clinical case report highlights idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis as a rare disease of little known etiopathogenesis; thus, further studies are necessary in order to elucidate the causes of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane Silvano
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.affiliation: Hospital Geral Clériston Andrade, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luíza Reis
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Crislaine Aparecida
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Helena de Morais
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Molinar Mauad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cintra
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudia Renata Bibiano
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Reis
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlene Antônia Dos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reis
mesh_terms: D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking