title: PI3K/AKT signaling mediated by G protein‑coupled receptors is involved in neurodegenerative Parkinson's disease (Review).
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Numerous pathological processes including, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotransmitter imbalance, and apoptosis as well as genetic factors may lead to neuronal degeneration. Motor deficits in PD are due mostly to the progressive loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Neuroprotection of functional neurons is of significance in the treatment of PD. G protein‑coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in the neuroprotection against PD through the survival of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, phosphatidyl‑inositol‑3‑kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling has also been demonstrated to be neuroprotective. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in this cellular protection could be critical for developing treatments to prevent this neurodegenerative disorder. In this review, we highlight the protective roles of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the function of representative serotonin GPCRs. Particular attention is given to the molecular mechanisms of this pathway proposed to explain the favorable effects of food ingredients against neurodegenerative disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Akari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Mako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565‑0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University, Kita‑Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630‑8506, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitagishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D059290:Dopaminergic Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D012701:Serotonin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins