title: Microbiological and Histopathological Effects of Nasal Packing Containing Probiotics on Nasal Mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nasal packing is frequently used after surgical interventions to prevent bleeding and synecchia formation and for the treatment of diseases such as epistaxis. One of the most morbid complications of nasal packing applications is the toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Owing to the microbiological structure of nasal mucosa, antibiotics are administered to all patients who are applied nasal packages for prevention of TSS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is the evaluation of microbiological and histopathological changes taking place in nasal mucosa with nasal packing containing probiotics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups were formed with 6 rats in each group. The nasal packings with the same characteristics were applied to nasal cavities of rats in all 3 groups. In group 1, only nasal packs were used. Probiotics or parenteral antibiotics were not used. In group 2, parenteral antibiotics were used along with nasal packs. In group 3, nasal packs with probiotics containing Lactobacillus strains were applied. No parenteral antibiotics were used. After 3 days packages were removed and nasal cavity was irrigated with saline. Both packages and irrigation materials were analyzed for microbiological content. After scarification, nasal and paranasal structures were examined for histopathological changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 3 statistically the total bacteria load was significantly lower in comparison to the other groups. However, in the histopathological evaluation of the mucosa of rats in group 3, bleeding and inflammation findings were significantly higher statistically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been determined that the total microbiological load significantly decreases with the application of packing containing probiotics. So, the use of probiotics along with nasal packings is promising to prevent unnecessary use of medications.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Memorial Health Group Ankara Hospital†Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gazi University Hospital‡Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Research and Teaching Hospital§Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary of Medicine||Department of Microbiology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gokdogan
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kizil
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akyildiz
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ahlat
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalkanci
authors.forename: Sabri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.forename: Fikret
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ileri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000187:drug effects*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D013630:Tampons, Surgical
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents