title: Evaluation of pit-and-fissure sealants placed with four different bonding protocols: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of adhesive after acid etching may increase the retention of pit-and-fissure sealants and improve clinical effectiveness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To clinically evaluate the retention, marginal discoloration and caries incidence of pit-and-fissure sealants applied using four bonding protocols: conventional acid etching, etch-and-rinse adhesive, multimode universal adhesive and self-etch adhesive used after acid etching.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this split-mouth design study, the four adhesive protocols were randomly assigned to the four erupted, non-carious first permanent molars and involved 52 patients between 6 and 10 years of age. The sealants were evaluated at 3-, 6- and 12-month intervals. Statistical analysis was carried out using Friedman test and Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, the retention rate was maximum in etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive groups (77.1%) followed by self-etch adhesive (58.3%) and conventional acid etching group (45.8%). Dental caries was observed only in one tooth, and marginal discoloration was found to be the highest in conventional group and least in etch-and-rinse group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of adhesives during pit-and-fissure sealant application does not significantly enhance sealant retention nor decrease marginal discoloration. Etch-and-rinse adhesive is advantageous only at short term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Manasi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Baranya Shrikrishna
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Suprabha
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Paedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.
authors.forename: Arathi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000379:methods*; D019229:Dentition, Permanent; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants
chemical_list: D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants