title: Effects of different salinities on growth performance, survival, digestive enzyme activity, immune response, and muscle fatty acid composition in juvenile American shad (Alosa sapidissima).
abstract: The effects of salinity on survival, growth, special activity of digestive enzymes, nonspecific immune response, and muscle fatty acid composition were evaluated in the American shad (Alosa sapidissima). Juveniles of 35 days after hatching were reared at 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 ppt for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, juvenile American shad presented higher survival and specific growth rate (SGR) in salinity group (7, 14, and 21 ppt) than control group (P < 0.05). The special activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin was highest in fish reared at 21 ppt, while the highest lipase special activity was obtained in control group (P < 0.05). The special activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LZM), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) showed significant increases in salinity group (14 and 21 ppt) compared to control group (P < 0.05). Lower muscle ash contents were detected in salinity group (14, 21, and 28 ppt) than control group (P < 0.05), while the contents of crude lipid and crude protein were significantly higher than control group (P < 0.05). The level of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) exhibited a decreasing trend, while an increased level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was detected with the increase of salinity. Among the PUFA, the content of n-3 fatty acids in muscle tissue was found to be increasing with the increasing salinity, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Results indicate that appropriate increase in salinity was reasonable and beneficial for juvenile American shad culture after a comprehensive consideration, especially salinity range from 14 to 21 ppt.
authors.affiliation: Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Qiang
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Xiang
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Haian Aquatic Product Technology Promotion Department, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Zhongyang Group, Nantong, 226600, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Yun
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bao-Liang
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao Key Laboratory for Marine Fish Breeding and Biotechnology, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese, Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China. honglei@ysfri.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000201:enzymology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054712:Salinity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids
keywords: Alkaline phosphatase; Chymotrypsin; Docosahexaenoic acid; Eicosapentaenoic acid; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Specific growth rate; Superoxide dismutase; Trypsin