title: Proteomic-based biomarker discovery for development of next generation diagnostics.
abstract: In the post-genome age, proteomics is receiving significant attention because they provide an invaluable source of biological structures and functions at the protein level. The search for disease-specific biomarkers for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications is one of the areas that proteomics is having a significant impact. Thus, the identification of a "good" biomarker enables a more accurate early diagnosis and prognosis of disease. Rapid advancements in mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation, liquid chromatography MS (LCMS), protein microarray technology, and other protein profiling methodologies have a substantial expansion of our toolbox to identify disease-specific protein and peptide biomarkers. This review covers a selection of widely used proteomic technologies for biomarker discovery. In addition, we describe the most commonly used approaches for diagnosis based on proteomic biomarkers and further discuss trends and critical challenges during development of cost-effective rapid diagnostic tests and microfluidic diagnostic systems based on proteomic biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Rm. 265, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. akhalilpour@bwh.harvard.edu.|Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. akhalilpour@bwh.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Akbar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khalilpour
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Rm. 265, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey.|Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kilic
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Saba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalilpour
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Rm. 265, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Mario Moisés
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 65 Landsdowne Street, Rm. 265, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.|Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Iman K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Yazdi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Biomarker discovery; Diagnostic kits; Microfluidic systems; Proteomic