title: Effects of lidocaine and magnesium sulfate in attenuating hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation: single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hemodynamic response to airway stimuli is a common phenomenon and its management is important to reduce the systemic repercussions. The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate versus lidocaine on this reflex hemodynamics after laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized study evaluated 56 patients ASA 1 or 2, aged 18-65 years, scheduled for elective surgeries under general anesthesia with intubation. The patients were allocated into two groups: Group F received 30mg·kg-1of magnesium sulphate and Group L, 2mg·kg-1of lidocaine, continuous infusion, immediately before the anesthetic induction. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and bispectral index (BIS) were measured in both groups at six different times related to administration of the study drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups there was an increase in HR and BP after laryngoscopy and intubation, compared to baseline. Group M showed statistically significant increase in the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure after intubation, which was clinically unimportant. There was no difference in the BIS values between groups. Among patients receiving magnesium sulfate, three (12%) had high blood pressure versus only one among those receiving lidocaine (4%), with no statistical difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium sulfate and lidocaine have good efficacy and safety for hemodynamic management in laryngoscopy and intubation.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Unidade de Anestesiologia e Medicina Perioperatória, Brasília, DF, Brazil. Electronic address: fabricio.tavares@me.com.
authors.forename: Fabricio Tavares
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Unidade de Anestesiologia e Medicina Perioperatória, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas Macedo da Graça Medeiros
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: de Queiroz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Unidade de Anestesiologia e Medicina Perioperatória, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristina Carvalho Rolim
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ensino e Treinamento do Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal, Unidade de Anestesiologia e Medicina Perioperatória, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Cordeiro Duarte
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Xavier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008278:Magnesium Sulfate; D008012:Lidocaine
keywords: Cardiovascular physiological phenomena; Fenômenos fisiológicos cardiovasculares; Intubação intratraqueal; Laringoscopia; Laryngoscopy; Lidocaine; Lidocaína; Magnesium sulphate; Sulfato de magnésio; Tracheal intubation