title: Insecticidal Activity of Thymoquinone and Related Compounds Against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: Insecticides based on botanical sources have taken on increased attention due to differing modes of action from current insecticides in use and the view that they may be environmentally friendly. Thymoquinone, a component in the essential oil of incense cedar heartwood, has been shown to have insecticidal action against adult mosquitoes. This study evaluated relative toxicities of thymoquinone, selected derivatives of thymoquinone, hydroquinone, and arbutin to determine if any had similar or better activity. The intrinsic toxicities of hydroquinone and thymohydroquinone were not significantly different from thymoquinone, while libocedrol and arbutin were significantly less toxic.
authors.affiliation: Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (gni6@cdc.gov; madams@what-wire.com; jvm6@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Mariah L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (gni6@cdc.gov; madams@what-wire.com; jvm6@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 (joe.karchesy@orst.edu).
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Karchesy
authors.affiliation: Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3150 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (gni6@cdc.gov; madams@what-wire.com; jvm6@cdc.gov).
authors.forename: Janet C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McAllister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001104:Arbutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D003465:Culex / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013943:Thymol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007306:Insecticides; C003465:thymohydroquinone; D013943:Thymol; D001104:Arbutin; C003466:thymoquinone; C031927:hydroquinone
keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus; botanical insecticide; thymoquinone