title: Microbial diversity and autotrophic activity in Kamchatka hot springs.
abstract: Microbial communities of Kamchatka Peninsula terrestrial hot springs were studied using molecular, radioisotopic and cultural approaches. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments performed by means of high-throughput sequencing revealed that aerobic autotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of the genus Sulfurihydrogenibium (phylum Aquificae) dominated in a majority of streamers. Another widely distributed and abundant group was that of anaerobic bacteria of the genus Caldimicrobium (phylum Thermodesulfobacteria). Archaea of the genus Vulcanisaeta were abundant in a high-temperature, slightly acidic hot spring, where they were accompanied by numerous Nanoarchaeota, while the domination of uncultured Thermoplasmataceae A10 was characteristic for moderately thermophilic acidic habitats. The highest rates of inorganic carbon assimilation determined by the in situ incubation of samples in the presence of14C-labeled bicarbonate were found in oxygen-dependent streamers; in two sediment samples taken from the hottest springs this process, though much weaker, was found to be not dependent on oxygen. The isolation of anaerobic lithoautotrophic prokaryotes from Kamchatka hot springs revealed a wide distribution of the ability for sulfur disproportionation, a new lithoautotrophic process capable to fuel autonomous anaerobic ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander Yu
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikolay V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Pimenov
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Igor I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Rusanov
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Slobodkin
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Slobodkina
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Ivan Yu
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Tarnovetckii
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Evgeny N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Frolov
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Arseny V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Dubin
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
authors.forename: Anna A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Perevalova
authors.affiliation: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 33, Build. 2, Moscow, 119071, Russia. elizaveta.bo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elizaveta A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bonch-Osmolovskaya
mesh_terms: D001105:Archaea / Q000502:physiology*; D052818:Autotrophic Processes / Q000502:physiology*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D012800:Siberia; D014871:Water Microbiology
keywords: Archaea; Caldimicrobium; Carbon assimilation; Lithoautotrophs; Sulfur disproportionation; Sulfurihydrogenibium; Terrestrial hot springs