title: The Prevalence of Nocturia and Nocturnal Polyuria: Can New Cutoff Values Be Suggested According to Age and Sex?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of nocturia and nocturnal polyuria (NP) and to define new cutoff values according to age and sex for both conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a population-based prevalence survey conducted among a random sample of 2,128 adults were analyzed in this study. Participants were requested to fill out a questionnaire including the International Continence Society (ICS) definitions of lower urinary tract symptoms and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form. Additionally, a 1-day bladder diary was given to each individual. The participants were divided into 5 age groups. The prevalence of nocturia was calculated based on definitions of nocturia as ≥1 voiding episodes, ≥2 episodes, and ≥3 episodes. NP was evaluated according to the ICS definition. The mean±standard errors and 95th percentile values were calculated in each group as new cutoff values for NP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of nocturia was estimated as 28.4%, 17.6%, and 8.9% for ≥1, ≥2, and ≥3 voiding episodes each night, respectively. When nocturia was defined as 2 or more voiding episodes at night, the prevalence decreased significantly. The mean NP index was 29.4%±15.0% in men and 23.1%±11.8% in women. For the age groups of <50 years, 50-59 years, and ≥60 years, the new cutoff values for the diagnosis of NP were calculated as 48%, 69%, and 59% for men and 41%, 50%, and 42% for women, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that the definition of nocturia was still controversial and that waking up once for voiding might be within the normal spectrum of behavior. The definition of NP should be modified, and new cutoff values should be defined using the data presented in our study and in other forthcoming studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Ersin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5933-402X
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Zumrutbas
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali Ihsan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6244-3411
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Okan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6116-9588
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alkis
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cihan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6034-7896
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Toktas
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4668-3359
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cetinel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4617-8854
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aybek
keywords: Nocturia; Polyuria; Prevalence; Terminology