title: Recurrent rhinovirus detections in children following a rhinovirus-induced wheezing exacerbation: A retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear if children with a rhinovirus (RV)-induced wheezing exacerbation are more susceptible to viruses longitudinally, and whether a parental history of asthma and/or allergy impacts their susceptibility. The objective of this study was to determine if RV, RV-A and RV-C related wheezing exacerbations in children were associated with prior or subsequent viral detections and investigate the role of parental history of asthma and allergy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children presenting to hospital with acute wheeze were prospectively recruited and tested for respiratory viruses. Data on viruses detected in other respiratory samples (May 1997 to December 2012) were collected from hospital microbiology records and additional RV testing was performed on stored hospital respiratory samples (September 2009 to December 2012). A positive parental history was defined as either parent with self-reported asthma and/or allergy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At recruitment, RV was detected in 69.2% of samples from children with an acute wheezing episode (n=373, 0-16 years of age), with RV-C the most common virus (65.5%). Children with a history of parental asthma and/or allergy and RV at recruitment had a 14-fold increased incidence rate ratio (IRR) of subsequent RV detection (IRR 14.0, 95% CI 1.9-104.1; p=0.01) compared with children without RV at recruitment. Children without this parental history had a reduced incident rate ratio for samples assessed during this time (IRR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; p=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with a parental history of asthma and/or allergy may become more susceptible to recurrent symptomatic RV infections.
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sofie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halmø Hürdum
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
authors.forename: Guicheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
authors.forename: Siew-Kim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
authors.forename: Joelene
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bizzintino
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
authors.forename: Kimberley Marie
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony David
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
authors.forename: Desmond William
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Yury Alexandrovich
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Bochkov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gern
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Kettegård Allé 30, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Charlotte Suppli
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ulrik
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia.
authors.forename: Peter Neils Le
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Souëf
authors.affiliation: School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, Western Australia, 6840, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
authors.forename: Ingrid Alisa
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Laing
keywords: allergy; asthma; attack; childhood; respiratory virus; wheeze