title: A tracheal scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol with orientated porous structure.
abstract: Scaffold of gelatin-chondroitin sulfate-hyaluronan-polyvinyl alcohol (GCH-PVA) with orientated microtubule structure and good hydrophilicity was fabricated by unidirectional freeze-drying method mimicking the composition and structure of tracheal cartilage extracellular matrix. PVA was incorporated to improve flexibility and viscoelasticity of GCH scaffold. All wet scaffolds showed similar compressive elastic modulus with native cartilage. GCH-PVA scaffolds showed high relative remaining stress during relaxation indicating good mechanical stability. The hysteresis ratio during cyclic compression increased gradually with PVA content and close to native cartilage. During multiple frequency compression, all scaffolds showed a low loss tangent close to native cartilage, and PVA incorporation enhanced the elasticity of scaffolds when they were stressed under high frequency. The incorporation of PVA promoted gene expression of adhesion related integrin α5β1and actin by mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs). With the orientated microtubule structure, cells ingrowth into scaffolds was facilitated by dynamic culture method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Xueping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Guowen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiujuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China. Electronic address: duchang@scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Du
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D051379:Mice; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates
keywords: Chondroitin sulfate; Gelatin; Hyaluronan; Polyvinyl alcohol; Unidirectional freeze-drying method