title: Efficacy and Safety of Insulin Therapy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated at Different Grades of Hospitals in China: Subgroup Analysis of the Real-World SEAS Study.
abstract: As patients attending hospitals of different grades in China may receive different medical care, we investigated the clinical efficacy and safety of routine insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes who were treated at grade 2 and grade 3 (highest grade) hospitals in China.
  
  
  
  2683 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label, noninterventional, 12-week clinical trial performed at 62 Chinese hospitals. Patients were divided into two groups according to the hospitals' grading. Data were analyzed for efficacy (changes and normalization of glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] and changes in fasting plasma glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose [PBG] levels from baseline to the final visit) and for safety (hypoglycemia).
  
  
  
  After 12 weeks of routine human insulin (SciLin) therapy, decreases in mean HbA1c and PBG levels were significantly greater in patients treated at second-grade hospitals (all P < 0.001 vs. third-grade hospitals), and the HbA1c success rate (<7%) was significantly higher (46.94% vs. 38.85%; P = 0.0002). However, patients treated at second-grade hospitals had more weight gain (0.29 kg vs. 0.04 kg; P < 0.0001) and a higher incidence of total hypoglycemic events (21.82% vs. 16.79%; P = 0.0002).
  
  
  
  Routine insulin treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes in China demonstrates acceptable safety and effectiveness, improving blood glucose control with a low incidence of severe hypoglycemia. Patients treated at second-grade hospitals had a greater HbA1c success rate than those treated at third-grade hospitals, but with more weight gain and more hypoglycemic events.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital , China .
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, China .
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: HbA1c; Hypoglycemia; Type 2 diabetes