title: Taxonomy for colorectal cancer screening promotion: Lessons from recent randomized controlled trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To derive a taxonomy for colorectal cancer screening that advances Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and screening uptake.
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed publication review, multiple interviews with principal investigators (PIs) and collaboration with PIs as co-authors produced a CRCS intervention taxonomy. Semi-structured interview questions with PIs (Drs. Inadomi, Myers, Green, Gupta, Jerant and Ritvo) yielded details about trial conduct. Interview comparisons led to an iterative process informing serial interviews until a consensus was obtained on final taxonomy structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  These taxonomy headings (Engagement Sponsor, Population Targeted, Alternative Screening Tests, Delivery Methods, and Support for Test Performance (EPADS)) were used to compare studies. Exemplary insights emphasized: 1) direct test delivery to patients; 2) linguistic-ethnic matching of staff to minority subjects; and 3) authorization of navigators to schedule or refer for colonoscopies and/or distribute stool blood tests during screening promotion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PIs of key RCTs (2012-2015) derived a CRCS taxonomy useful in detailed examination of CRCS promotion and design of future RCTs.
authors.affiliation: York University, Kinesiology and Health Science, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON CAN M3J 1P3, Canada; Ontario Cancer Institute, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 600 University Ave., Toronto, ON CAN M5G2C4, Canada. Electronic address: pritvo@yorku.ca.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ritvo
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Medical Oncology, 834 Chestnut Street, Suite 413, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: ronald.myers@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Clinical Epidemiology, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: mardie.serenity@sunnybrook.ca.
authors.forename: Mardie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serenity
authors.affiliation: San Diego Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, MC 111D San Diego, CA, USA. Electronic address: s1gupta@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Samir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: JInadomi@medicine.washington.edu.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Inadomi
authors.affiliation: Group Health Cooperative, Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: green.b@ghc.org.
authors.forename: Beverly B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: UC Davis, Department of Family Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA. Electronic address: afjerant@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jerant
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Room: HG40, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: jill.tinmouth@sunnybrook.ca.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tinmouth
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Lawrence@ices.on.ca.
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Paszat
authors.affiliation: York University, Kinesiology and Health Science, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON CAN M3J 1P3, Canada. Electronic address: meyir@yorku.ca.
authors.forename: Meysam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirbaglou
authors.affiliation: Cancer Care Ontario, Prevention and Cancer Control, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: Linda.Rabeneck@cancercare.on.ca.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rabeneck
mesh_terms: D002965:Classification / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009780:Occult Blood; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
keywords: Cancer prevention; Clinical trials; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal cancer screening; Health service research