title: Clinical characteristics of parkinsonism in frontotemporal dementia according to subtypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the prevalence of parkinsonism in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) subtypes and the cognitive and behavioral differences between FTD with and without parkinsonism in a well-structured, prospective cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety-one FTD patients were enrolled and all patients underwent comprehensive neurological evaluations, neuropsychological tests, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of parkinsonism was 38.7% (74 patients), and included 33 (46.5%) behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), 16 (24.2%) semantic dementia (SD), 19 (45.2%) progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA), and 6 (50%) FTD associated with motor neuron disease (FTD-MND). SD patients with parkinsonism had higher CDR sum of boxes scores (9.7±4.5 vs 6.2±4.5, p=0.024), frontal behavioral inventory total score (33.7±20.5 vs 24.3±14.5, p=0.045), and executive function score of frontal executive dysfunction, disinhibition, and apathy (28.9±13.7 vs 19.2±12.9, p=0.021) than those without parkinsonism. Seoul Instrumental Activities of Daily Living score (bvFTD: 23.5±11.7 vs 17.3±11.3, p=0.031, SD: 23.1±11.1 vs 11.3±9.3, p=0.005) was higher for bvFTD and SD with parkinsonism than for those without parkinsonism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parkinsonism is found to be more common in patients with bvFTD, PNFA, and FTD-MND patients than those with SD. Behavioral disturbances were more prominent in SD with parkinsonism than without. Additional studies are needed to determine the pathomechanism and optimal treatment of parkinsonism in different FTD subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inje University Ilsan-Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Kyung
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kee Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Hye
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jee H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Joung
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byeong C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Busan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Duk L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Na
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Institute of Convergence Bio-Health, Busan, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: neuropark@dau.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kyung Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D057174:Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Frontotemporal dementia; Motor neuron disease; Parkinsonism; Primary progressive aphasia