title: Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism: Prevalance, Clinical Significance and Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) are considered as similar disease entities representing different clinical manifestations. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the prevalence and outcome of DVT in patients with PE; 2) to identify additional risk factors for PE-related unfavorable outcome and 30-day all-cause mortality; and 3) to establish the clinical importance of screening for concomitant DVT.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2013 to December 2015, a total of 141 patients with confirmed PE were evaluated. The prevalence and outcome of DVT in patients with PE was determined. Furthermore, the potential risk factors for PE-related unfavorable outcome and 30-day all-cause mortality were also analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of concomitant DVT was 45.4%. PE-related unfavorable outcome was observed in 21.9% of all concomitant DVT, with all-cause mortality of 21.9%. There was no significant relationship between the presence of concomitant DVT and the development of PE-related unfavorable outcome or all-cause mortality. Our results indicated that heart rate >100/min and peripheral oxygen saturation <90% were independent predictors for PE-related unfavorable outcome. Regarding all-cause mortality, active malignancy and hypotension or shock were significant risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings demonstrate that approximately half of patients with PE possess DVT. However, this study failed to establish any clinical significance of concomitant DVT for PE-related unfavorable outcome and all-cause mortality. Tachycardia and hypoxemia were identified as significant predictors for PE-related unfavorable outcome along with active malignancy and hypotension or shock as significant risk factors of all-cause mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hoon
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Se Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Bok
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yu Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Ho Kyeong
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Outcome; Prevalence; Pulmonary embolism; Risk factors; Venous thrombosis