title: Various Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 3 Plus Vitamin E Supplementations on Serum Glucose Level and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omega 3 and vitamin E are two critical nutrients which include beneficial effects in coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of omega 3 alone supplementation or in combination with vitamin E on serum glucose and lipid levels and insulin resistance in CAD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of this clinical trial included 60 male patients with CAD who selected from Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran in 2014. They received 4 g/day omega 3 plus 400 IU/day vitamin E (OE), 4 g/day omega 3 with vitamin E placebo (OP), or omega 3 and vitamin E placebo (PP) for two months. Serum glucose, lipids and insulin were assessed and HOMA-IR was calculated before and after the trial and effects of these nutrients on the highlighted parameters were compared within the study groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum glucose level increased significantly in OP group (P=0.004), but not in OE group. OE and OP groups showed a significant decrease in fasting serum TG (P=0.020 andP=0.001, respectively). Serum insulin and HOMA-IR decreased significantly in OE group (P=0.044 andP=0.039, respectively) but did not change significantly in OP group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although, omega 3 supplementation may include adverse effects on serum glucose level, co-administration of omega 3 and vitamin E can beneficially decrease serum insulin and insulin resistance in CAD patients.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
authors.forename: Somayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saboori
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djalali
authors.affiliation: Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yousefi Rad
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nematipour
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Saboor-Yaraghi
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Javanbakht
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Eshraghian
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Basic Sciences and Nutrition, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
authors.forename: Atena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramezani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koohdani
keywords: CAD; Glucose homeostasis; Insulin resistance; Omega 3; Vitamin E