title: Evaluating the effects of copper supplement during pregnancy on premature rupture of membranes and pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of copper (Cu) supplementation during pregnancy on the rupture of membranes and pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study was conducted as a triple-blind randomized clinical trial. In one group, Cu in a dose of 1000 mg per day, and in the other group, placebo was prescribed orally from 16th week of pregnancy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The women of the two groups did not have significant difference according to age, gestational age at recruitment, BMI, and socioeconomic conditions. There was no statistically significant difference between case and control group regarding the incidence of PPROM, PROM, preterm labor, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and the incidence of placenta abruption. There was a 75% and 90% decrease in depressive symptoms in 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester in supplemented group, respectively. Also, there was a 45% and 80% decrease in anxiety symptoms in 2nd trimester and 3rd trimester in the supplemented group, respectively The rate of infection during pregnancy was significantly higher in control group (p = 0.046). There was no difference between the two groups according to neonatal outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cu supplementation during pregnancy could not influence positively on ROM; however, it could improve some mood status of the women.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kashanian
authors.affiliation: b Medical Student Research Committee (MSRC), Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Hasti
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hadizadeh
authors.affiliation: c Research Associate, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Masoomeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faghankhani
authors.affiliation: d Social Security Organization , Bahman Hospital , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mitra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nazemi
authors.affiliation: e Student of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sheikhansari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D003300:Copper / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D003300:Copper
keywords: Pregnancy; copper supplementation; pregnancy outcome; rupture of membrane