title: Neuropsychological profiles of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder during euthymia. A systematic literature review of comparative studies.
abstract: Bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder have been shown to be associated with neurocognitive abnormalities during periods of clinical remission. However, at present, there is no consensus on whether these disorders have distinctive cognitive profiles. The aim of this study was to provide an updated systematic review of studies comparing neuropsychological functioning between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder during remission. Main findings included the following: 1) no differences regarding performances in measures of attention and processing speed, executive functions and theory of mind were found between both patient groups and 2) regarding verbal memory, preliminary evidence points towards a more defective performance in patients with bipolar disorder than those with major depressive disorder. However, several variables with negative impact on cognition (medication status, age at onset, premorbid IQ, bipolar subtype, among others) were not adequately controlled in most studies. In conclusion, evidence from studies exploring neuropsychological profiles in bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder could not provide clues to differentiate these mood disorders. Larger studies with adequate control of confounding variables would be necessary to elucidate if the finding of more defective verbal memory performance in bipolar disorder is truly explained by distinct underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Pharmacology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: alejandroszm@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alejandro G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Szmulewicz
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Marina P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas Torcuato de Alvear, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; School of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Samamé
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Diego J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.affiliation: Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neurosciences, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Sergio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Strejilevich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D056344:Executive Function; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D056345:Theory of Mind