title: Occurrence and inputs of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from rivers and drain outlets to the Bohai Sea, China.
abstract: Concentrations of 19 PFASs in riverwater, coastal wastewater and effluents from WWTPs which were directly discharged into the Bohai Sea of China were measured and their inputs to this sea area were calculated accordingly. For riverwater samples, the total PFAS concentrations ranged from 13.1 to 69 238 ng/L. PFAS levels in riverwater collected from Liaoning Province were comparable to those from Shandong Province, while they were two orders of magnitude greater than those from Hebei Province and the city of Tianjin. The dominant PFAS patterns were spatially different. PFBS and PFOA were the predominant PFASs in riverwater samples at sites where fluorochemical industry parks are located in Liaoning Province and Shandong Province, respectively. For other sites, PFOA and PFOS were the most abundant PFASs. In contrast, the total PFAS concentrations in coastal wastewater and effluent samples ranged from 16.7 to 7 522 ng/L and from 13.1 to 319 ng/L, respectively. PFOA was dominant in these samples. Inputs of PFASs to the Bohai Sea via riverine flow, discharge of coastal wastewater and effluents were estimated to be 87.3 tons per year. As compared with coastal wastewater and effluent discharge, riverine input was a major source for the PFAS pollution in the Bohai Sea except for PFBS.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: hchen@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: xmwang@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: zhangcan@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: rjsun@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Ruijun
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: jbhan@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: gchan@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Gengchen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, Department of Marine Chemistry, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Linghe Street 42, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: wcyang@nmemc.org.cn.
authors.forename: Wenchao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. Electronic address: hexin@dlut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D002210:Caprylates; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Input; Occurrence; PFASs; The Bohai Sea of China