title: The effect of polyphenols on cytokine and granulocyte response to resistance exercise.
abstract: This study examined the effect of resistance exercise on the production, recruitment, percentage, and adhesion characteristics of granulocytes with and without polyphenol (PPB) supplementation. Thirty-eight untrained men were randomized into three groups: PPB (n = 13, 21.8 ± 2.5 years, 171.2 ± 5.5 cm, 71.2 ± 8.2 kg), placebo (PL; n = 15, 21.6 ± 2.5 years, 176.5 ± 4.9 cm, 84.0 ± 15.7 kg), or control (CON; n = 10, 23.3 ± 4.3 years, 173.7 ± 12.6 cm, 77.3 ± 16.3 kg). Blood samples were obtained pre (PRE), immediately (IP), 1 h (1H), 5 h (5H), 24 h (24H), 48 h (48H), and 96 h (96H) postresistance exercise (PPB/PL) or rest (CON). Fine-needle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis at PRE, 1H, 5H, and 48H. Plasma concentrations and intramuscular content of interleukin-8 (IL-8), granulocyte (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were analyzed via multiplex assays. Changes in relative number of circulating granulocytes and adhesion receptor (CD11b) were assessed using flow cytometry. Intramuscular IL-8 was significantly elevated at 1H, 5H, and 48H (P < 0.001). Area under the curve analysis indicated a greater intramuscular IL-8 content in PL than PPB (P = 0.011). Across groups, circulating G-CSF was elevated from PRE at IP (P < 0.001), 1H (P = 0.011), and 5H (P = 0.025), while GM-CSF was elevated at IP (P < 0.001) and 1H (P = 0.007). Relative number of granulocytes was elevated at 1H (P < 0.001), 5H (P < 0.001), and 24H (P = 0.005, P = 0.006) in PPB and PL, respectively. Across groups, granulocyte CD11b expression was upregulated from PRE to IP (P < 0.001) and 1H (P = 0.015). Results indicated an increase in circulating CD11b on granulocytes, and IL-8 within the muscle following intense resistance exercise. Polyphenol supplementation may attenuate the IL-8 response, however, did not affect granulocyte percentage and adhesion molecule expression in peripheral blood following resistance exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.|Department of Exercise Physiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio.
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jajtner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida jay.hoffman@ucf.edu.
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Exercise and Nutrition Science, Lipscomb University, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Kyle S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Alyssa N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Varanoske
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Church
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Leonardo P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Kemin Foods L.C., Des Moines, Iowa.
authors.forename: Kelli A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Herrlinger
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center (PERC), University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California.
authors.forename: Shlomit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radom-Aizik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Institute of Exercise Physiology and Wellness, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stout
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D039481:CD11b Antigen; D016207:Cytokines; C509295:ITGAM protein, human; D016209:Interleukin-8; D059808:Polyphenols; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
keywords: CD11b/CD18; exercise immunology; granulocyte colony stimulating factor; granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor; inflammation; interleukin‐8