title: Pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of terbinafine in little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus) infected with Pseudogymnoascus destructans. ANIMALS 123 bats from a P destructans-infected hibernation site in Virginia. PROCEDURES 3 bats were euthanized and necropsied to confirm the presence of P destructans within the population. The remaining 120 bats were systematically assigned to 6 groups (20 bats/group). Bats in each of 3 groups received 6, 20, or 60 mg of terbinafine/kg, SC, once daily for 10 days. Bats in another group received 200 mg of terbinafine/kg, SC, once daily for 5 days. Bats in 1 group received the terbinafine vehicle solution (0.1 mL/kg, SC, once daily for 10 days). Bats in the remaining group did not receive any treatment. Following the treatment period (days 1 through 10), bats were housed in a hibernation chamber and monitored daily until euthanasia on day 42, 75, or 109. Tissue specimens were collected from all bats as soon as possible after death or euthanasia to determine terbinafine concentration. Within each group and tissue type, terbinafine concentration data were pooled, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. RESULTS Adverse neurologic effects and a high mortality rate before day 10 were observed in bats that received the highest terbinafine dose (200 mg/kg) but not those that received lower doses. Presumed therapeutic terbinafine concentrations (≥ 2 μg/g) were maintained in skin and wing for at least 30 and 6 days in bats that received the 60 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively, but were not achieved in most bats that received the 6 mg/kg dose. Tissue terminal half-life ranged from 14 to 22 days. Terbinafine concentration in hair was positively correlated with that in skin and wing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated terbinafine doses > 6 but < 200 mg/kg should be further evaluated for the treatment of P destructans-infected bats. Collection of serial hair specimens may represent a noninvasive method for monitoring terbinafine concentration in treated bats.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Court
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.forename: Erika V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Flo S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: DeeAnn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reeder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001203:Ascomycota; D002685:Chiroptera / Q000378:metabolism*; D003881:Dermatomycoses / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000662:veterinary*; D006207:Half-Life; D006605:Hibernation; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077291:Terbinafine; D014768:Virginia
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009281:Naphthalenes; D000077291:Terbinafine