title: Assessment and management of musculoskeletal disorders among patients living with HIV.
abstract: HIV is a global pandemic. However, anti-retroviral therapy has transformed the prognosis and, providing compliance is good, a normal life expectancy can be anticipated. This has led to increasing numbers of people with chronic prevalent, treated infection living to older ages. Musculoskeletal pain is commonly reported by HIV patients and, with resumption of near-normal immune function, HIV-infected patients develop inflammatory rheumatic diseases that require assessment and management in rheumatology clinics. Moreover, it is becoming apparent that avascular necrosis and osteoporosis are common comorbidities of HIV. This review will contextualize the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in HIV, informed by data from a UK-based clinic, and will discuss the management of active inflammatory rheumatic diseases among HIV-infected patients taking anti-retroviral therapy, highlighting known drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK/MRC Centre for Musculoskeletal Health and Work.|Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walker-Bone
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Western Sussex Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Richard's Hospital, Chichester.
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.affiliation: Lawson Unit, Brighton & Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, UK.
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Churchill
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019468:Disease Management; D004347:Drug Interactions; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D063189:Symptom Assessment
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents
keywords: HIV; biologics; disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; inflammatory rheumatic disease; musculoskeletal