title: NHC as the Guiding Factor in a Copper-Catalyzed Intramolecular C Arylation of Pyrrolylimidazolium Salts: Synthesis of Luminescent Heterotetracyclic Frameworks.
abstract: 3-(2/4-(2-Bromophenyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium bromides undergo a copper-catalyzed intramolecular direct C arylation under mild conditions to give new heterocyclic frameworks. The cyclizations involve the formation of betaines (imidazoliumylpyrrolides) under basic conditions and the tautomerizaton of the betaines to the corresponding NHCs, which are the reactive species responsible for the selectivity of the arylation via the formation of NHC-Cu complexes. The primary salt arylation products were dehydrohalogenated to obtain the first representatives of 7H-imidazo[2,1-a]pyrrolo[3,2-c]isoquinoline and 1H-imidazo[2,1-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]isoquinoline heterocyclic skeletons, which were further transformed into thermodynamically more stable 1H- and 6H-tautomers, respectively, by removing of the benzyl-PG. The new heterotetracyclic systems are fluorescent in solutions with high quantum yields.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034 Russia.
authors.forename: Olesya A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Tomashenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034 Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail S
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5106-4723
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Novikov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg 199034 Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6100-0309
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Khlebnikov