title: Intra- and interday reproducibility of high-flow-mediated constriction response in young adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we have demonstrated that high-flow-mediated constriction (H-FMC) of the brachial artery has been shown to negatively affect flow-mediated dilation (FMD). However, the reproducibility of an H-FMC response is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and interday reproducibility of H-FMC in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty young adults (15 male, 15 female; 24 ± 3 years) were assessed for H-FMC reproducibility via high-resolution ultrasound imaging of the brachial artery during and after forearm occlusion of a normal FMD procedure. Two vascular assessments were conducted for all participants during two separate visits with a minimum of 7 days in between. H-FMC was characterized as the greatest 10-s average constriction occurring after 3-s postocclusion compared to baseline brachial artery diameter and considered present if the percent change was <-0·1%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 120 total vascular assessments performed in this study, 98 of the assessments (80·3%) displayed an H-FMC. H-FMC diameter was not statistically different for intraday comparisons for visit 1 (P = 0·39) or visit 2 (P = 0·55) or interday comparisons between the first (P = 0·61) or second (P = 0·10) assessments. H-FMC percentage was also not statistically different for intra-day comparison for visit 1 (P = 0·94) or visit 2 (P = 0·15) or interday comparisons between the first (P = 0·63) or second (P = 0·16) assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are supportive of H-FMC being reproducible in young adults and included in future FMD studies. The impact of H-FMC on future CVD risk and development warrants evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Education and Science, Concordia University - St. Paul, St. Paul, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ostrem
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Evanoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Justin R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Integrative Human Physiology, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dengel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003250:Constriction; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: 
  FMD
  ; adult; high-flow-mediated constriction; reproducibility; ultrasound