title: The influence of implantoplasty on the diameter, chemical surface composition, and biocompatibility of titanium implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to assess the influence of implantoplasty (IP) on the diameter, chemical surface composition, and biocompatibility of titanium implants in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty soft tissue-level (TL; machined transmucosal-M and rough endosseous part-SLA) and 20 bone-level (BL; SLA) implants were allocated to IP covering 3 or 6 mm of the structured surface (SLA) area. The samples were subjected to diameter, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and cell viability (ginigval fibroblasts, 6 days) assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median diameter reductions varied between 0.1 (TL 3 mm) and 0.2 mm (TL 6 mm). EDX analysis revealed that IP and M surfaces were characterized by a comparable quantity (Wt%) of elements C, O, Na, Cl, K, and Si, but a significantly different quantity of elements Ti and Al. When compared to SLA surfaces, significant differences were noted for elements C, O, Na, Ti, and Al. At BL implants, the extension of IP (i.e., 3 to 6 mm) was associated with a significant increase in cell viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IP applied to SLA implants was associated with (i) a minimal diameter reduction, (ii) an undisturbed cell viability, and (iii) a chemical elemental composition comparable to M surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This specific IP procedure appears to be suitable for the management of exposed SLA implant surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Gordon.John@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: John
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Cell culture; Dental implants; Implant surface; Implantoplasty