title: Medical treatment of dystonia.
abstract: Therapeutic strategies in dystonia have evolved considerably in the past few decades. Three major treatment modalities include oral medications, botulinum toxin injections and surgical therapies, particularly deep brain stimulation. Although there has been a tremendous interest in the later two modalities, there are relatively few recent reviews of oral treatment. We review the medical treatment of dystonia, focusing on three major neurotransmitter systems: cholinergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic. We also provide a practical guide to medication selection, therapeutic strategy and unmet needs.
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Pichet
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3260-3119
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Termsarasab
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA.
authors.forename: Thananan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thammongkolchai
authors.affiliation: Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frucht
keywords: Anticholinergic; Baclofen; Clonazepam; Dystonia; Medications; Pharmacology; Treatment