title: An investigation Into Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospitals in China: Development Trend and Medical Service Innovation.
abstract: This paper aims to investigate the development trend of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) hospitals in China and explore their medical service innovations, with special reference to the changing co-existence with western medicine (WM) at TCM hospitals.
  
  
  
  Quantitative data at macro level was collected from official databases of China Health Statistical Yearbook and Extracts of Traditional Chinese Medicine Statistics. Qualitative data at micro level was gathered through interviews and second-hand material collection at two of the top-level TCM hospitals.
  
  
  
  In both outpatient and inpatient sectors of TCM hospitals, drug fees accounted for the biggest part of hospital revenue. Application of WM medical exanimation increased in both outpatient and inpatient services. Even though the demand for WM drugs was much higher in inpatient care, TCM drugs was the winner in the outpatient. Also qualitative evidence showed that TCM dominated the outpatient hospital service with WM incorporated in the assisting role. However, it was in the inpatient medical care that WM prevailed over TCM which was mostly applied to the rehabilitation of patients.
  
  
  
  By drawing on WM while keeping it active in supporting and strengthening the TCM operation in the TCM hospital, the current system accommodates the overriding objective which is for TCM to evolve into a fully informed and more viable medical field.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Sizhuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Arts and Humanity, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Yuanjia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Yitao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D002681:China; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005249:Fees and Charges; D006296:Health Services; D006302:Health Services Research / Q000379:methods; D006748:Hospital Departments; D006760:Hospitalization; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008511:Medicine / Q000379:methods; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal
keywords: China; Medical Service; Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM); Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Hospital; Western Medicine (WM)