title: Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting following gynecological laparoscopy: A comparison of standard anesthetic technique and propofol infusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of propofol-based anesthesia in gynecological laparoscopies in reducing incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to a standard anesthesia using thiopentone/isoflurane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized single-blind (for anesthesia techniques used) and double-blind (for postoperative assessment) controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Operation theater, postanesthesia recovery room, teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I and II female patients (aged 20-60 years) scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy were included in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients in Group A received standard anesthesia with thiopentone for induction and maintenance with isoflurane-fentanyl, and those in Group B received propofol for induction and maintenance along with fentanyl. All patients received nitrous oxide, vecuronium, and neostigmine/glycopyrrolate. No patient received elective preemptive antiemetic, but patients did receive it after more than one episode of vomiting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment for incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as other recovery parameters were carried out over a period of 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (20%) in Group A and seven patients (23.3%) in Group B experienced nausea. Two patients (6.66%) in Group B had vomiting versus 12 (40%) in Group A (p<0.05). Overall, the incidence of emesis was 60% and 30% in Groups A and B, respectively (p<0.05). All patients in Group B had significantly faster recovery compared with those in Group A. No patient had any overt cardiorespiratory complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Propofol-based anesthesia was associated with significantly less postoperative vomiting and faster recovery compared to standard anesthesia in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Ireland. Electronic address: bhaktadr@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Pradipta
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhakta
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Bablu Rani
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Preeti S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Govind
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Abhinav
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kulwant Singh
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford TF1 6TF, UK.
authors.forename: Rajesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Tulsi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Dr. B.C. Roy Postgraduate Institute of Paediatric Sciences, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Dipanwita
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.affiliation: Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Manjushree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. James University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vikash
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Calcutta National Medical College, Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Gauri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol
keywords: emesis score; gynecological laparoscopy; ordinal logistic regression; postoperative nausea and vomiting; postoperative recovery; propofol-based anesthesia