title: Oxidative damage, ultrastructural alterations and gene expressions of hemocytes in the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense exposed to cadmium.
abstract: Toxicity of Cd was tested with the hemocytes of the freshwater crab, Sinopotamon henanense, which were exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.725, 1.450, and 2.900mgL-1Cd for 7, 14 and 21 d. We investigated the effects of Cd on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and oxidative damage of biomarkers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl derivates (PCO), and DNA-protein crosslink (DPC). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to assess ultrastructural changes of hemocytes. The mRNA expression levels of prophenoloxidase (proPO), lysozyme (LSZ), metallothionein (MT), and the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) were also determined. Our results showed that TAC was inhibited by Cd, resulting in an increase of MDA contents, PCO contents, and DPC levels in hemocytes, respectively. Ultrastructural observations revealed that chromatin condensation, nucleus deformation, mitochondrial dilation, rough endoplasmatic reticulum (rER) degranulation and secondary or tertiary lysosomes were observed in hemocytes of crabs exposed to Cd. Meanwhile, the expression levels of proPO were down-regulated, while the activity of PO was up-regulated in hemocytes. The expression levels of LSZ and MT were up-regulated to some extent. Our findings suggest these parameters could be used as biomarkers in the monitoring of heavy metal pollution and quantitative risk assessments of pollutant exposure.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
authors.forename: Yanying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
authors.forename: Weixin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hans-Uwe
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Dahms
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Jiang-Shiou
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China. Electronic address: lanwang@sxu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D003386:Brachyura; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018870:Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000235:genetics; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D008668:Metallothionein; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D009113:Muramidase
keywords: Cadmium; Gene expressions; Oxidative damage; Sinopotamon henanense; Ultrastructural alterations