title: THE RELIABILITY OF FABER TEST HIP RANGE OF MOTION MEASUREMENTS.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Flexion ABduction External Rotation (FABER) test is typically used as a provocation special test, but has also been used as a measurement of combined hip range of motion (ROM). It is thought that limited ROM with this measurement may be indicative of hip pathology. To date, normative data, reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of such measurements have not been established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine normative FABER height, assess inter- and intra-rater reliability and MDC for FABER, and compare traditional FABER measurements to methods which account for differences in thigh length.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive laboratory reliability study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen healthy participants without low back, hip, or knee pain in the preceding three months were recruited. Measurements were performed during two sessions (three to seven days between sessions) by three clinicians. FABER height and thigh length measurements were performed. Thigh length normalized FABER range of motion (ROM) and side-to-side FABER ROM symmetry were calculated. One tester also measured FABER with a digital inclinometer. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were calculated using interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and mean MDC values were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean values for FABER height and normalized FABER ROM were 12.4 ± 2.8 cm and 0.30 ± 0.07, respectively. Inter-rater reliability for FABER and normalized FABER were good (ICC 0.67-0.68) and between session intra-rater reliability were good to excellent (ICC 0.76-0.86). Mean FABER and normalized FABER ROM MDC were 3.7 cm and 0.04, respectively. Mean FABER ROM symmetry was 2.0 ± 0.9 cm with poor inter-rater reliability (ICC 0.20), poor to good intra-rater reliability (ICC 0.38-0.66), and mean MDC of 4.0 cm. FABER measured with a ruler, normalized FABER ROM, and inclinometry all resulted in excellent intra-rater reliability, with the highest ICC being demonstrated for inclinometry (ICC 0.86, 0.86, and 0.91).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, FABER measurements were reliable, whether normalized to thigh length or not. Furthermore, use of inclinometry may increase reliability. Reliability was poor to good when assessing symmetry between limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bagwell
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gradoz
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Grindstaff
keywords: FABER; femoroacetabular impingement; hip; range of motion; reliability