title: Larval Habitat Substrates Could Affect the Biology and Vectorial Capacity of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).
abstract: Culex quinquefasciatus Say is an important disease vector throughout much of the world. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different larval habitat substrates on the fitness and biting efficiency of Cx. quinquefasciatus adults. Our findings indicate that the development time (egg to adult) of larvae reared in irrigation water was 8.63 d while that of larvae reared in distilled water was 17.10 d (Effect size = 0.95). However, the rate of adult emergence was similar for all the tested treatments. Furthermore, the mean weight of an egg raft varied between larval habitats: distilled water (1.83 mg), rainfall water (1.25 mg), irrigation water (1.52 mg), and sewerage water (2.52 mg) (Effect size = 0.91). But, the fecundity (eggs per female) and hatchability (%) were statistically similar in all the rearing mediums (Effect size = 0.79). Longevity of females in all the tested populations did not differ significantly (Effect size = 0.91). The mean relative growth rates of larvae reared in tap water (0.80) and distilled water (0.86) habitats were lower than growth rates in all other rearing habitats (Effect size = 0.96). The intrinsic rate of natural increase in tap water (0.27) and irrigation water (0.35) was significantly higher than that in distilled water (0.09) and sewerage water (0.16) (Effect size = 0.84). Adults reared in rain water had the highest biting efficiency among all the tested populations. These results provide useful information for the management of Cx. quinquefasciatus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com; aliqasim140@gmail.com; mehboob61ento@gmail.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; muhammad.riaz@sejong.ac.kr; mbinyameen@bzu.edu.pk).
authors.forename: Rizwan Mustafa
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com; aliqasim140@gmail.com; mehboob61ento@gmail.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; muhammad.riaz@sejong.ac.kr; mbinyameen@bzu.edu.pk).
authors.forename: Qasim
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com; aliqasim140@gmail.com; mehboob61ento@gmail.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; muhammad.riaz@sejong.ac.kr; mbinyameen@bzu.edu.pk).
authors.forename: Mehboob
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com; aliqasim140@gmail.com; mehboob61ento@gmail.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; muhammad.riaz@sejong.ac.kr; mbinyameen@bzu.edu.pk).
authors.forename: Sarfraz Ali
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan ( shahidmajeed53@gmail.com ).|US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Agriculture Food Security (US-PCAS-AFS), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, 38000.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Gunja-dong 98, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan (rizwanmustafa20@gmail.com; aliqasim140@gmail.com; mehboob61ento@gmail.com; sarfrazshad@bzu.edu.pk; muhammad.riaz@sejong.ac.kr; mbinyameen@bzu.edu.pk).
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Binyameen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000071421:Life History Traits; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D011158:Population Growth
keywords: ecology; fitness; mosquito; public health; vectorial capacity