title: A Single Bout of Arm-crank Exercise Promotes Positive Emotions and Post-Exercise Hypotension in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to analyze the acute effects of a single bout of arm cranking exercise on affective and cardiovascular parameters in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, controlled, crossover study. Eleven men with symptomatic PAD underwent two experimental sessions in a random order: control or arm crank exercise (15 × 2 minutes bouts of arm crank exercise interrupted by 2 minutes rest intervals). During exercise, ratings of perceived exertion (Borg scale) and affective responses (pleasure/displeasure) were obtained at the first, fifth, tenth, and fifteenth bouts. Before and after the experimental sessions, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) were obtained. Data were analysed by a two-way repeated measure analysis of variance with significance achieved at p < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the arm crank exercise, patients reported positive feelings of pleasure. During exercise, heart rate (HR) remained within 80-90% of peak HR. Additionally, patients performed arm crank exercise with moderate levels of perceived exertion (Borg rating of 11-13) and with pleasant affective scores (Feeling Scale of +1 to +5). Blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean) increase was lower after arm crank exercise than for control (greatest net effect: -15 ± 11 mmHg [p < .001]; -9 ± 5 mmHg [p < .001]; -9 ± 6 mmHg [p < .001], respectively), while HR increased (greatest net effect: +9 ± 6 beats per minute; p < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single bout of arm crank exercise promotes pleasurable feelings while reducing blood pressure in patients with symptomatic PAD.
authors.affiliation: Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Cavalcante
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ritti-Dias
authors.affiliation: Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: A H G
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UPE/UFPB, University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Correia
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: De Matos
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gobbi
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leicht
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolosker
authors.affiliation: Israel Institute of Education and Research Albert Einstein, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: gacucato@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Cucato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001938:Brazil; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D057181:Pleasure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity
keywords: Blood pressure; Exercise; Peripheral arterial disease; Pleasure