title: Diurnal glucose exposure profiles of patients treated with lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day: An analysis using continuous glucose monitoring.
abstract: In the parent study of this analysis, patients with type 2 diabetes received lixisenatide before breakfast or the main meal of the day. This substudy was designed to examine the effect of lixisenatide administered before breakfast or the main meal of the day on continuously assessed 24-hour patient glucose profiles.
  
  
  
  A subset of patients from the parent study underwent 2 14-day periods of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) at the start and end of the 24-week study. Ambulatory glucose profile analysis was used to measure changes over time in detailed aspects of the glucose profiles. The breakfast group consumed a standardized meal during both CGM periods to determine change in 4-hour glycemic response.
  
  
  
  Data were available for 69 patients in the substudy, 40 from the original breakfast group and 29 from the main meal group. Between baseline and end of study, mean (standard deviation) total glucose exposure decreased from 4198.1 (652.3) to 3681.2 (699.6) mg/dL*24 h in the breakfast group (P < .0001) and from 4127.9 (876.8) to 3880.9 (1165.0) mg/dL*24 h in the main meal group (P = .0224). For patients included in the substudy, HbA1cdecreased by approximately 0.6% in both groups. Mean (standard deviation) 4-hour total glucose exposure fell by 168.9 (158.4) mg/dL*4 h (P < .0001) from baseline.
  
  
  
  This analysis demonstrates that lixisenatide has beneficial effects on components of the 24-hour glucose profile, which endure beyond the meal at which it is administered. Continuous glucose monitoring analysis detects changes not captured using HbA1calone.
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bergenstal
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strock
authors.affiliation: Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.|AGP Clinical Academy, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazze
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Center, Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Arlene M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.affiliation: Health Partners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Sanofi, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.affiliation: Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahrén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D062408:Breakfast; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D010455:Peptides; C479460:lixisenatide; D000067758:Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptor
keywords: continuous glucose monitoring; glucagon-like peptide-1; glycated hemoglobin; postprandial plasma glucose; type 2 diabetes