title: Dermatologic adverse events of checkpoint inhibitors: what an oncologist should know.
abstract: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent a new revolutionary weapon in the armamentarium of anti-cancer therapies. The side effects of these new agents represent a new challenge for oncologists; they are usually unpredictable and sometimes life threatening, if not managed rapidly and adequately. The most frequent side effects are the dermatologic, but they are usually low grade side effects and consequently easily manageable. Rash, pruritus and vitiligo are the most frequent dermatologic side effects. We aimed in this review to describe first all the dermatologic side effects of ICI according to the subtype of ICI and combination therapies in the clinical trials, then to report all the rare case reports dermatologic side effects, and finally to present the management algorithm of these side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Samer Bassilios
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hampig R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kourie
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019468:Disease Management; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000628:therapy*; D005076:Exanthema / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014820:Vitiligo / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors
keywords: autoimmunity; cancer immunology; checkpoint inhibitors; immune-related adverse events; immunotherapy; skin manifestations