title: Preventive and Protective Roles of Dietary Nrf2 Activators Against Central Nervous System Diseases.
abstract: Central nervous system diseases are major health issues and are often associated with disability or death. Most central nervous system disorders are characterized by high levels of oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) is known for its ability to regulate the expression of a series of enzymes with antioxidative, prosurvival, and detoxification effects. Under basal conditions, Nrf2 forms a complex with Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1, leading to Nrf2 inactivation via ubiquitination and degradation. However, following exposure of Keap1 to oxidative stress, Nrf2 is released from Keap1, activated, and translocated into the nucleus. Upon nuclear entry, Nrf2 binds to antioxidant response elements (ARE), thereby inducing the expression of genes such as glutathione s-transferase, heme oxygenase 1, and NADPH quinine oxidoreductase 1. Many dietary phytochemicals have been reported to activate the protective Nrf2/ARE pathway. Here, we review the preventive and protective effects of dietary Nrf2 activators against CNS diseases, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States.
authors.forename: Tuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mylan School of Pharmacy, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282. United States.
authors.forename: Rehana K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Leak
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. United States.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2
keywords: Acute brain injury; Nrf2; dietary; neurodegenerative disease