title: Effects of pupil dilation on MAIA microperimetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macular Integrity Assessment microperimetry assesses macular sensitivity to projected point light sources and maps eye movements to assess fixation stability. Although microperimetry is gaining prominence as an assessment tool in clinical and research settings, there is no consensus on whether it should be performed before or after pupil dilation. No studies to date have examined the effect of pupil dilation on results. The aim of this project was to elucidate the effect of pupil dilation on microperimetry outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective audit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy patients from postoperative cataract clinic and 10 patients with choroideremia to simulate a disease with peripheral visual field loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects underwent 10-2 68-point field testing using the Macular Integrity Assessment microperimeter on each eye. Subjects then underwent randomized dilation of one eye, and the test was repeated in both eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared changes in threshold sensitivity and fixation stability pre-pupil and post-pupil dilation. The undilated eye was analysed for any learning or fatigue effect caused by test repetition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dilation produced no significant effect on threshold sensitivity (dilation effect: -0.29 decibels, P = 0.23) or fixation stability in healthy controls or in choroideremia patients (dilation effect: +0.08log bivariate contour ellipse area, P = 0.14). There was also no significant learning effect seen in the undilated eye, with no improvement in threshold sensitivity (order of eye testing: +0.03log bivariate contour ellipse area, P = 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the clinical setting, patients may be tested for 10 degree microperimetry with or without pupil dilation, as both scenarios yield consistent and interchangeable results.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Ruofan C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.|Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Jasleen K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.|Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Kanmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.|Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: MacLaren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012607:Scotoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
keywords: MAIA; dilation; microperimetry; retinal sensitivity