title: The association between hyperglycemia and the prognosis of acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential association between the plasma glucose levels and the 90-day prognosis in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a well-defined diagnosis of sICH admitted within 24 h of onset were included. Random plasma glucose at admission and fasting plasma glucose on the following day were measured. Hyperglycemia was defined as a random plasma glucose ≥10 mmol/L or a fasting plasma glucose ≥7 mmol/L. Neurological severity at admission was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Functional outcomes were evaluated using modified Rankin Score (mRS) at three months after onset. Potential correlations between plasma glucose levels and neurological severity or functional outcomes values were assessed on Spearman's correlation analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify whether there were independent risk factors for 90-day outcomes after sICH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  228 consecutive adult patients with a mean age of 62.4 ± 12.9 years were prospectively enrolled. No significant association was observed between the random glucose levels (r = 0.108, p = 0.146) or fasting glucose levels (r = 0.116, p = 0.098) with functional outcomes at 90 days after discharge. However, hyperglycemia was associated with the neurological severity of sICH, both random glucose levels （r = 0.183, p = 0.009）and fasting glucose levels (r = 0.133, p = 0.045). On logistic regression analyses, age and NIHSS values at admission were independently associated with poor outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia was associated with neurological severity of sICH, but not with 90-day outcomes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Hongdong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , Jingjiang People's Hospital , Jingjiang , China.
authors.forename: Yunlong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Junshan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Yingdong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage; hyperglycemia; prognosis