title: Endoscopic ultrasonography complements computed tomography in predicting portal or superior mesenteric vein resection in patients with borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend computed tomographic (CT) scans for vascular staging of patients with pancreatic carcinoma; however, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in these patients is not required and its utility in combination with CT scan is less well-defined. The purpose of this study is to explore the utility of EUS in addition to CT in identifying patients with borderline resectable pancreatic carcinoma (BRPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed our database of patients with BRPC who went to surgery with curative intent. Inclusion criteria were preoperative staging with CT scan and EUS, completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and surgical resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 62 patients (average age of 65 ± 9 years, 60% male); 97% of patients underwent R0 resections. We found that 29% of patients were classified as BRPC by EUS alone, 23% by CT alone, and 48% by both modalities. Of 34 patients who required vein resection, EUS alone preoperatively identified 88% of these patients while CT alone identified 67%. EUS identified 11 patients who required vein resection that CT did not identify as BRPC, whereas CT identified 4 patients that EUS did not identify as BRPC. On multivariate analysis, EUS was associated with vein resection (P < 0.02), but CT scan findings, tumor size, and CA19-9 values were not associated (each P > 0.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS complemented CT in identifying BRPC patients requiring vein resection, with nearly one-third of patients identified with EUS alone, supporting EUS use in addition to CT scan for vascular staging of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Evan S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Glazer
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Omar M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jason B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Klapman
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hodul
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pimiento
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: Mokenge.malafa@moffitt.org.
authors.forename: Mokenge P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Malafa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008642:Mesenteric Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: Borderline resectable; Endoscopic ultrasound; Multidisciplinary management; Pancreatic carcinoma; Vascular staging