title: Influence of low-level laser therapy on the healing process of autogenous bone block grafts in the jaws of systemically nicotine-modified rats: A histomorphometric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the bone healing process of autogenous bone block grafts installed in nicotine systemically modified rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two rats (Wistar) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (n=18). SS-BG: saline application+bone graft. SS-BG/LLLT: saline application+bone graft+LLLT. NIC-BG: nicotine application+bone graft. NIC-BG/LLLT: nicotine application+bone graft+LLLT. After 30days of application of solutions, all animals received autogenous bone block graft in the jaw, with the donation from the parietal bone's calvarial area. Treatment with LLLT was in bed-graft interface, after accommodation of the graft. The animals in each group were sacrificed at 7, 14, and 28days after graft surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histologic analyses of NIC-BG group depicted a delay of osteogenic activity in the recipient bed-graft interface and the irradiation of tissue with LLLT provided better bone healing. The histometric analysis revealed that SS-BG/LLLT and NIC-BG/LLLT groups showed increased bone formation compared to BG-SS and NIC-BG groups, after 14days (SS-BG 24.94%±13.06% versus SS-BG/LLLT 27.53%±19.07% and NIC-BG 14.27%±2.22% versus NIC-BG/LLLT 24.37%±11.93%) and 28days (SS-BG 50.31%±2.69% versus SS-BG/LLLT 58 19%±12.32% and NIC-BG 36.89%±8.40% versus NIC-BG/LLLT 45.81%±6.03%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nicotine harms bone formation in the bed-graft interface and LLLT action can mitigate this.
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: jumilanezi@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliano Milanezi
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: rickfoa@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ricardo Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: davidgusman2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David Jonathan Rodrigues
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gusman
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: paulal.faleiros@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Paula Lazilha
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Faleiros
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: mjnagata@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Maria José Hitomi
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: vg.garcia@uol.com.br.
authors.forename: Valdir Gouveia
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: letheodoro@foa.unesp.br.
authors.forename: Letícia Helena
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Theodoro
authors.affiliation: Univ. Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Division of Periodontics, Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Dental School of Araçatuba, Rua José Bonifácio, n° 1193, CEP: 16015-050 Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: afbosco@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alvaro Francisco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Bosco
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000637:transplantation; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine
keywords: Autograft; Bone grafting; Nicotine; Wound healing