title: Prognostic Significance of Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Vascular Structural Abnormality-Related Intracerebral Hemorrhage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognostic significance of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in patients with vascular structural abnormality-related intracerebral hemorrhage (VSARICH) is poorly understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively included consecutive patients diagnosed with VSARICH. Imaging of initial brain computed tomography (CT) scans within 48 hours of symptom onset was analyzed. The presence and severity of IVH were recorded. Severity of IVH was measured using the modified Graeb (mGraeb) score. Baseline characteristics and 3-month outcomes were compared between the IVH and non-IVH groups. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the independent association between IVH and 3-month outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 132 VSARICH patients were included for analysis, and 71 (53.8%) of them had IVH on initial CT imaging. IVH patients had a median mGraeb score of 15 (6-21), and compared to non-IVH patients, they had shorter delay to first CT scan and higher stroke severity on admission (all P ≤ .005). At 3 months, IVH patients had higher death rates (30.3% versus 7.0%; P = .001) and poor outcome rates (48.5% versus 21.1%; P = .002) than non-IVH patients. After multivariate analysis, IVH severity was associated with 3-month death (Model 1 OR 1.112, 95% CI [1.027-1.204], P = .009; Model 2 OR 1.110, 95% CI [1.027-1.200], P = .009) and poor outcome (Model 2 OR 1.053, 95% CI [1.001-1.108], P = .047), although no independent association between IVH presence and outcomes was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVH severity measured by mGraeb score independently predicts death and poor functional outcome in patients with VSARICH.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Ruozhen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chunyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Simiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Mangmang
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Deren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Stroke Clinical Research Unit, Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address: wyplmh@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015898:Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Intracerebral hemorrhage; intraventricular hemorrhage; prognosis; severity; vascular structural abnormalities