title: Specific Metabolomics Adaptations Define a Differential Regional Vulnerability in the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex.
abstract: Brain neurons offer diverse responses to stresses and detrimental factors during development and aging, and as a result of both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This multiplicity of responses can be ascribed to the great diversity among neuronal populations. Here we have determined the metabolomic profile of three healthy adult human brain regions-entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and frontal cortex-using mass spectrometry-based technologies. Our results show the existence of a lessened energy demand, mitochondrial stress, and lower one-carbon metabolism (particularly restricted to the methionine cycle) specifically in frontal cortex. These findings, along with the better antioxidant capacity and lower mTOR signaling also seen in frontal cortex, suggest that this brain region is especially resistant to stress compared to the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus, which are more vulnerable regions. Globally, our results show the presence of specific metabolomics adaptations in three mature, healthy human brain regions, confirming the existence of cross-regional differences in cell vulnerability in the human cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabré
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Mariona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jové
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naudí
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Neurology Division, Hospital Santa María of Lleida Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Piñol-Ripoll
authors.affiliation: Neurology Division, Hospital Santa María of Lleida Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gil-Villar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University of Barcelona Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mayelin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dominguez-Gonzalez
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Èlia
authors.initials: È
authors.lastname: Obis
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berdun
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mota-Martorell
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portero-Otin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuropathology, University of BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III - ISCIIIBarcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida) Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Reinald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pamplona
keywords: energy metabolism; mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR); metabolomics; methionine cycle; mitochondrial stress; nucleotide metabolism; one-carbon metabolism; selective neuronal vulnerability