title: Domain-specific cognitive impairment in patients with COPD and control subjects.
abstract: Impaired cognitive function is increasingly recognized in COPD. Yet, the prevalence of cognitive impairment in specific cognitive domains in COPD has been poorly studied. The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to compare the prevalence of domain-specific cognitive impairment between patients with COPD and non-COPD controls. A neuropsychological assessment was administered in 90 stable COPD patients and 90 non-COPD controls with comparable smoking status, age, and level of education. Six core tests from the Maastricht Aging Study were used to assess general cognitive impairment. By usingZ-scores, compound scores were constructed for the following domains: psychomotor speed, planning, working memory, verbal memory, and cognitive flexibility. General cognitive impairment and domain-specific cognitive impairment were compared between COPD patients and controls after correction for comorbidities using multivariate linear and logistic regression models. General cognitive impairment was found in 56.7% of patients with COPD and in 13.3% of controls. Deficits in the following domains were more often present in patients with COPD after correction for comorbidities: psychomotor speed (17.8% vs 3.3%;P<0.001), planning (17.8% vs 1.1%;P<0.001), and cognitive flexibility (43.3% vs 12.2%;P<0.001). General cognitive impairment and impairments in the domains psychomotor speed, planning, and cognitive flexibility affect the COPD patients more than their matched controls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Fiona Ahm
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Cleutjens
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Frits Me
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Franssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Spruit
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Lowie Egw
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Vanfleteren
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Candy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gijsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS).
authors.forename: Jeanette B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht UMC+/School for Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS).
authors.forename: Rudolf Whm
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Ponds
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht UMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emiel Fm
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Centre of Expertise for Chronic Organ Failure, Horn.
authors.forename: Daisy Ja
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: COPD; cognitive domains; cognitive functioning; cognitive impairment; comorbidities