title: Design of a multilayer-based collimated plane-grating monochromator for tender X-ray range.
abstract: Collimated plane-grating monochromators (cPGMs), consisting of a plane mirror and plane diffraction grating, are essential optics in synchrotron radiation sources for their remarkable flexibility and good optical characteristics in the soft X-ray region. However, the poor energy transport efficiency of a conventional cPGM (single-layer-coated) degrades the source intensity and leaves reduced flux at the sample, especially for the tender X-ray range (1-4 keV) that covers a large number of K- and L-edges of medium-Z elements, and M-edges of high-Z elements. To overcome this limitation, the use of a multilayer-based cPGM is proposed, combining a multilayer-coated plane mirror with blazed multilayer gratings. With this combination, the effective efficiency of cPGMs can be increased by an order of magnitude compared with the conventional single-layer cPGMs. In addition, higher resolving power can be achieved with improved efficiency by increasing the blaze angle and working at higher diffraction order.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Inovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Hongchang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Inovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hand
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Inovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Kawal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawhney
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Inovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaulich
authors.affiliation: Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre `Crystallography and Photonics' of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119333, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Igor V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kozhevnikov
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qiushi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhanshan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: X-ray optics; diffraction grating; monochromator; multilayer