title: Multiparametric Sonography of Hematologic Malignancies of the Testis: Grayscale, Color Doppler, and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Strain Elastographic Appearances With Histologic Correlation.
abstract: Primary testicular lymphoma is rare and appears with nonspecific findings on grayscale and color Doppler sonography. We present 8 patients further examined with contrast-enhanced sonography, strain elastography, and histologic analysis after orchiectomy. Seven of 8 patients had a diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma, and 1 of 8 had a diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma, with solitary lesions (2 of 8), multiple lesions (3 of 8), or entire testicular involvement (3 of 8). Lesions appeared hypoechoic (7 of 8) or isoechoic (1 of 8), all with increased vascularity on color Doppler sonography and a nonbranching linear pattern of intratumoral vessels (7 of 8). Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) confirmed this pattern and showed increased enhancement in all lesions. On strain elastography, all lesions were hard, with an elasticity score of greater than 4. Multiparametric sonography of testicular lymphoma identifies increased vascularity on color Doppler and contrast-enhanced ultrasound and increased lesion stiffness on strain elastography.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kachramanoglou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rafailidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Philippidou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Dean Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deganello
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sellars
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital, London, England.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sidhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D054459:Elasticity Imaging Techniques / Q000379:methods; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride
keywords: color Doppler sonography; contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS); genitourinary ultrasound; sonography; strain elastography; testicular lymphoma; testicular masses