title: Evidence-Based Design Features Improve Sleep Quality Among Psychiatric Inpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of the present study was to compare sleep characteristics pre- and post-move into a state-of-the-art mental health facility, which offered private sleeping quarters.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Significant evidence points toward sleep disruption among psychiatric inpatients. It is unclear, however, how environmental factors (e.g., dorm-style rooms) impact sleep quality in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess sleep quality, a novel objective technology, actigraphy, was used before and after a facility move. Subjective daily interviews were also administered, along with the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Actigraphy revealed significant improvements in objective sleep quality following the facility move. Interestingly, subjective report of sleep quality did not correlate with the objective measures. Circadian sleep type appeared to play a role in influencing subjective attitudes toward sleep quality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Built environment has a significant effect on the sleep quality of psychiatric inpatients. Given well-documented disruptions in sleep quality present among psychiatric patients undergoing hospitalization, design elements like single patient bedrooms are highly desirable.
authors.affiliation: 1 McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study Program, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|2 Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Ryan J L
authors.initials: RJL
authors.lastname: Pyrke
authors.affiliation: 2 Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|5 Homewood Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Margaret C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McKinnon
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|4 Neuropsychology Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|6 Redevelopment, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: McNeely
authors.affiliation: 6 Redevelopment, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.affiliation: 6 Redevelopment, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Langstaff
authors.affiliation: 2 Mood Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|3 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bieling
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000067013:Evidence-Based Facility Design; D005260:Female; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders; D008875:Middle Aged; D010362:Patients' Rooms / Q000592:standards*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: inpatients; mental disorders; mental health; psychiatry; sleep quality