title: A Phase II feasibility study of oral etoposide given concurrently with radiotherapy followed by dose intensive adjuvant chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed high-risk medulloblastoma (protocol POG 9631): A report from the Children's Oncology Group.
abstract: Children with high-risk medulloblastoma historically have had a poor prognosis. The Children's Oncology Group completed a Phase II study using oral etoposide given with radiotherapy followed by intensive chemotherapy.
  
  
  
  Patients enrolled in the study had high-risk disease defined as ≥1.5 cm2of residual disease postsurgery or definite evidence of central nervous metastasis. All patients underwent surgery followed by radiotherapy. During radiation, the patients received oral etoposide (21 days on, 7 off) at an initial dose of 50 mg/m2per day (treatment 1), which was reduced to 35 mg/m2per day (treatment 2) due to toxicity. After radiotherapy, the patients received chemotherapy with three cycles of cisplatin and oral etoposide, followed by eight courses of cyclophosphamide and vincristine.
  
  
  
  Between November 1998 and October 2002, 53 patients were accrued; 15 received treatment 1 and 38 treatment 2. Forty-seven patients (89%) were eligible. Response to radiation was excellent, with 19 (40.4%) showing complete response, 24 (51.1%) partial response, and four (8.5%) no recorded response. The overall 2- and 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 76.6 ± 6% and 70.2 ± 7%, respectively. The 2- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 80.9 ± 6% and 76.6 ± 6%, respectively. Clinical response postradiation and PFS/OS were not significantly different between the treatment groups. There was a trend toward a difference in 5-year PFS between those without and with metastatic disease (P = 0.072).
  
  
  
  Oral etoposide was tolerable at 35 mg/m2(21 days on and 7 days off) when given during full-dose irradiation in patients with high-risk medulloblastoma with encouraging survival data.
authors.affiliation: Monroe Carrell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Esbenshade
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kocak
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hershon
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Decarie
authors.affiliation: State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Henry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier de Verdun, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghrabi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D059186:Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide
keywords: high-risk medulloblastoma; irradiation; oral etoposide; pediatric neuro-oncology