title: Surface analysis and shear bond strength of zirconia on resin cements after non-thermal plasma treatment and/or primer application for metallic alloys.
abstract: There is no established protocol for bonding zirconia (Y-TZP) with resin cements. Non-thermal plasma (NTP) may be an alternative for the clinical problems related to adhesion. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the surface of Y-TZP exposed to methane (CH4) NTP or coated with a layer of primer for metal alloys and the association between the two methods and to evaluate the effect of NTP treatment on bond strength between Y-TZP and two resin cements. A total of 235 Y-TZP discs (8×2mm) were distributed into five groups: Co (no surface treatment), Pr (primer), NTP (methane plasma), Pr+NTP and NTP+Pr. The effect of the treatment type on the surface free energy, morphology, topography and chemical composition of the Y-TZP discs was investigated. The discs were cemented to composite resin substrates using Panavia F2.0 or RelyX U200. Shear bond strength (n=10) analyses were performed (1mm/min) before and after thermocycling (5-55°C, 2000cycles) on the bonded specimens. The data were analyzed with one and three-way ANOVAs and Bonferroni tests (α=0.05). NTP reduced the surface energy and roughness of the Y-TZP discs. SEM-EDS and XPS analyses showed the presence of the organic thin film, which significantly improved the bond strength results when Rely X U200 was used, whereas the primer treatment was more effective with Panavia F2.0. Thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength results of the NTP and Pr+NTP groups cemented with Rely X U200 and the Pr and NTP+Pr groups cemented with Panavia F2.0. Nonthermal plasma improves the bond strength between Rely X U200 and Y-TZP and also seems to have water-resistant behavior, whereas Panavia F2.0 showed better results when associated with primer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: aljomarvechiatoflo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aljomar José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vechiato-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adaias Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landers
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Coelho
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Goiato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Technological Plasmas (LaPTec), Engineering College, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Sorocaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elidiane Cipriano
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Grace Mendonça
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: De Souza
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Valentim Adelino Ricardo
authors.initials: VAR
authors.lastname: Barão
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Aracatuba Dental School, Univ. Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Micheline
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D008697:Methane / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D058626:Plasma Gases; D019279:Resin Cements; D015040:Zirconium; D008697:Methane; C028541:zirconium oxide
keywords: Bond strength; Resin cement; Zirconia