title: Regulating Hypothalamus Gene Expression in Food Intake: Dietary Composition or Calorie Density?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The proportion of saturated fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids in the diet seems to act as a physiological regulation on obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Differently composed fatty acid diets may induce satiety of the hypothalamus in different ways. However, the direct effect of the different fatty acid diets on satiety in the hypothalamus is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three experiments in mice were conducted to determine whether: different compositions of fatty acids affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus over time; different types of fatty acids administered into the stomach directly affect gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus; and fat composition changes in the diet affects gene mRNA expression of the hypothalamus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The type of fat in cases of purified fatty acid administration directly into the stomach may cause changes of gene expressions in the hypothalamus. Gene expression by dietary fat may be regulated by calorie amount ingested rather than weight amount or type of fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the calorie density factor of the diet in regulating hypothalamic gene in food intake may be detrimental, although the possibility of type of fat cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: Obesity-Diabetes Advanced Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Obesity-Diabetes Advanced Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: So Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Obesity-Diabetes Advanced Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Woon
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Obesity-Diabetes Advanced Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Pil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Obesity-Diabetes Advanced Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. jykim@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jong Yeon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1481-7615
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Dietary fats; Eating; Gene expression; Hypothalamus