title: A Quick Reference on Hypocalcemia.
abstract: Primary hypoparathyroidism should be considered in dogs with vague signs, including tremors, facial rubbing, and seizures. Ionized hypocalcemia should be considered in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy, especially lymphangiectasia caused by hypovitaminosis D. Ionized hypocalcemia typically occurs only in advanced chronic kidney disease.
authors.affiliation: VCA Arboretum View Animal Hospital, 2551 Warrenville Road, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
authors.forename: Joao Felipe
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: de Brito Galvão
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Consulting, 9897 South Airport Road, DeWitt, MI 48820, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schenck
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University, 317 West 6th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43201, USA. Electronic address: dennischew@me.com.
authors.forename: Dennis J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chew
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000150:complications; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Calcium; Hypocalcemia; Hypomagnesemia; Hypoparathyroidism; Hypovitaminosis D; Renal failure; Secondary hyperparathyroidism (renal and nutritional); Vitamin D–resistant rickets