title: Aortoventricular annulus shape as a predictor of pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conduction abnormalities following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) are caused by damage of the aortoventricular conduction tissue during positioning of the valve. Therefore, our aim was to assess whether a higher difference between the long and short diameters of the elliptic aortoventricular annulus will possess higher forces on the annulus, and thus will be a predictor of pacemaker need following TAVR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 123 patients who had the aortoventricular annulus measured by computed tomography angiography. The difference between maximal (Dmax) and minimal (Dmin) diameters of the annulus was considered the elliptic factor (ELFA), which was analyzed using t test to evaluate whether it differs between the group who received a pacemaker and the group without the need for a pacemaker. Then, using univariate and multivariate models adjusted for other confounders predicting the need for a pacemaker, we sought to evaluate whether a higher ELFA is a predictor of pacemaker implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 82.2 ± 6.4 years, and 62.6% were women. Average Dmax, Dmin and ELFA were 25.8, 20.8 and 5 mm, respectively. Fourteen patients (11.4%) underwent pacemaker implantation. Those patients had an ELFA of 5.9 mm compared with 4.9 mm in those who did not receive a pacemaker (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, a higher ELFA remained a statistically significant and independent predictor for the need of a pacemaker (P = 0.046).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high ELFA is an independent and significant predictor of the need for pacemaker implantation after TAVR and suggests further investigation whether it should be considered as a factor in managing TAVR patients.
authors.affiliation: aCardiology Division bRadiology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barkagan
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Topilsky
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinvil
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aviram
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ben-Shoshan
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banai
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keren
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shmilovich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D002036:Bundle of His / Q000293:injuries; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065467:Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome