title: Optimal measurements of hemodynamic response latency in fNIRS using the jackknife approach.
abstract: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) permits measurements of changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, typically with a higher sampling rate than with other imaging methods based on the hemodynamic response. We examined the potential of the fNIRS technique to estimate variations in the latency of hemodynamic responses to experimental events and sought optimal methods to maximize the reliability and reproducibility of latency effects. We used Monte Carlo simulations using subsamples of real fNIRS measures to estimate the statistical power of different approaches (such as fixed threshold, percent of peak, fractional-area latency, for both individual-subject estimates and estimates from jackknife averages) to detect a known simulated latency shift. The simulations used measures of hemodynamic responses in the temporal lobe from two groups of young adult participants who listened to auditory stimuli, one with a blocked presentation design and one with an event-related design. We estimated the relative sensitivity of different latency measures and approaches to the measurement of latency effects of different magnitudes using realistic noise and signal-to-noise characteristics. In general, the jackknife approach provided the greatest statistical power to detect a known latency shift, without inflation of Type I error.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Manon
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maheux
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Étienne
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Bisaillon-Sicotte
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Shirin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabrizi
authors.affiliation: International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jorge L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Armony
authors.affiliation: École de technologies supérieures (ETS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lina
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.|International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montréal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jolicoeur
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Jackknife; Latency differences; Monte Carlo simulations; fNIRS