title: International consensus for the treatment of autoimmune pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The International Consensus Diagnostic Criteria (ICDC) for AIP has proposed two distinctive type of AIP, type 1 and type 2, and enabled us first to differentiate two types of AIP each other. By initial steroid treatment for induction of remission, remission can be successfully induced in almost all subjects with type 1 and type 2 AIP. As relapse rate in type 1 AIP is significantly higher than in type 2 AIP, there has been ongoing debate on how to treat effectively relapse of type 1 AIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  By a modified Delphi approach, a panel of international experts has proposed an international consensus on the treatment of AIP after intense discussion and deliberation during an international consensus symposium of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Individual statements for nine clinical questions with recommendation levels and the therapeutic strategy have been proposed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommendations are based on the available evidence, and eastern and western experts' opinions to find standard treatment of AIP worldwide. These recommendations can be tailored according to the local expertise and context in the management of individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan. Electronic address: okazaki@hirakata.kmu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: chari.suresh@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Suresh T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Frulloni
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lerch
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Terumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamisawa
authors.affiliation: Center for Health, Safety, and Environmental Management, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Service de Pancréatologie-Gastroentérologie, Pôle des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Université Denis Diderot-Paris VII Hôpital Beaujon, APHP, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lévy
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.affiliation: Pancreaticobiliary Medicine Unit, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D060828:Induction Chemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007391:International Cooperation; D060046:Maintenance Chemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
keywords: Autoimmune pancreatitis; Immunomodulatory; Rituximab; Steroid; Treatment