title: A global perspective on mechanical prosthetic heart valve thrombosis: Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
abstract: Prosthetic valve thrombosis is one of the major causes of primary valve failure, which can be life-threatening. Multimodality imaging is necessary for determination of leaflet immobilization, cause of underlying pathology (thrombus versus pannus or both), and whether thrombolytic therapy attempt in the patient would be successful or surgery is needed. Current guidelines for the management of prosthetic valve thrombosis lack definitive class I recommendations due to lack of randomized controlled trials, and usually leave the choice of treatment to the clinician's experience. In this review, we aimed to summarize the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Gaziemir State Hospital; İzmir-Turkey. m.ozangursoy@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mustafa Ozan
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Gürsoy
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Hitit University Çorum Training and Research Hospital; Çorum-Turkey.
authors.forename: Macit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalçık
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kars Harakani State Hospital; Kars-Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yesin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kars Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine; Kars-Turkey.
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karakoyun
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey.
authors.forename: Emrah
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayam
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Koşuyolu Kartal Heart Training and Research Hospital; İstanbul-Turkey.
authors.forename: Sabahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gündüz
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences, Ardahan University; Ardahan-Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Özkan
mesh_terms: D006349:Heart Valve Diseases; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006351:Heart Valves; D006801:Humans; D008943:Mitral Valve; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology