title: The protective effect of betulinic acid (BA) diabetic nephropathy on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of betulinic acid (BA) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with STZ (35 mg kg-1). 7 days later, the animals were intragastrically administered with metformin (MET, 150 mg kg-1), BA (20 mg kg-1) or BA (40 mg kg-1) once daily for consecutive 30 days. The blood glucose, the contents of insulin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were examined. The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissues were measured. Moreover, the histopathological alteration and the protein expressions of the signaling pathway were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and western blotting, respectively. BA significantly decreased the levels of serum insulin, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and blood glucose. In addition, BA increased the activities of SOD, CAT and reduced the contents of MDA, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in kidney tissues. BA also ameliorated the histopathological condition. Furthermore, BA attenuated the phosphorylations of p-adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB), and an inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and the expressions of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. These findings demonstrated that BA exhibited a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy in STZ-induced rats possibly through the AMPK/NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xing-Zhou
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiao-Zhong
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Shang-Nong
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Hong-Gang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P. R. China. kxpt_03@163.com matianheng25@126.com.
authors.forename: Tian-Heng
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000094062:Betulinic Acid
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053978:Pentacyclic Triterpenes; D014315:Triterpenes; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013311:Streptozocin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000094062:Betulinic Acid