title: Perinatal HIV Exposure Surveillance and Reporting in the United States, 2014.
abstract: We sought to describe the current status of perinatal HIV exposure surveillance (PHES) activities and regulations in the United States and to make recommendations to strengthen PHES.
  
  
  
  In 2014, we sent an online survey to health departments in the 50 states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and 6 cities and counties (Chicago, Illinois; Houston, Texas; Los Angeles, California; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and San Francisco, California). We analyzed responses from 56 of the 59 (95%) jurisdictions.
  
  
  
  Thirty-three of 56 jurisdictions (59%) reported conducting PHES and following infants to determine their infection status. Of the 33 jurisdictions performing PHES, 28 (85%) linked maternal and infant data, but only 12 (36%) determined the HIV care status of postpartum women. Themes of respondents' recommendations for strengthening PHES centered on updating laws and regulations to support PHES, reporting all HIV test results and linking vital records with PHES data to identify and follow HIV-exposed infants, communicating with health care providers to improve reporting, training staff, and getting help from experienced jurisdictions to implement PHES.
  
  
  
  Our findings indicate that data on perinatal exposure collected through the current system are inadequate to comprehensively monitor and prevent perinatal HIV exposure and transmission. Comprehensive PHES data collection and reporting are needed to sustain the progress that has been made toward lowering perinatal HIV transmission rates. We propose that minimum standards be established for perinatal HIV exposure reporting to improve the completeness, quality, and efficiency of PHES in the United States.
authors.affiliation: 1 AIDS Activities Coordinating Office, Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.affiliation: 2 François-Xavier Bagnoud Center, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of HIV and STD Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Azita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naghdi
authors.affiliation: 4 Maternal Child Adolescent Center for Infectious Diseases and Virology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.affiliation: 5 STD/HIV Program, Office of Public Health, Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, New Orleans, LA, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fridge
authors.affiliation: 2 François-Xavier Bagnoud Center, School of Nursing, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hoyt
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: HIV infections/epidemiology; HIV surveillance; perinatal surveillance