title: The main constituents of Tulipa systola Stapf. roots and flowers; their antioxidant activities.
abstract: People living on the mountains of the Kurdistan Region, Iraq make a large use of herbs in the local traditional medicine. Among them, Tulipa systola, which grows under and between rocks, is very popular as an anti-inflammatory remedy and pain-relief. The phytochemical study of an ethanolic extract obtained from flowers and roots of Tulip (T systola Stapf.) afforded three compounds, identified as (+)-1-O-E-feruloyl-3-O-E-p-coumaroylglycerol (1), (+)-6-tuliposide A (2), and (-)-kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (3). The significant radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated on three tests, by determining the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the total antioxidant activity and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Tuliposide A shows potent allergenic activity.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , University of Salahaddin , Erbil , Iraq.
authors.forename: Mohammed Farhad
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry, College of Science , University of Salahaddin , Erbil , Iraq.
authors.forename: Faiq Hama Saeed
authors.initials: FHS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry and CESMEC , University of Pavia-Italy , Pavia , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zanoni
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry and CESMEC , University of Pavia-Italy , Pavia , Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vidari
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006027:Glycosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007493:Iraq; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D031447:Tulipa / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C000623397:1-O-E-feruloyl-3-O-E-p-coumaroylglycerol; D000975:Antioxidants; D003374:Coumarins; D006027:Glycosides; D044949:Kaempferols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C062516:tuliposide A; C046169:6-tuliposide A; C492687:kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: (+) 1-O-E-feruloyl-3-O-p-coumaroyl glycerol; Tulipa systola; pain relief; radical scavenging activity