title: Quality and acceptability of measures of exercise adherence in musculoskeletal settings: a systematic review.
abstract: To recommend robust and relevant measures of exercise adherence for application in the musculoskeletal field.
  
  
  
  A systematic review of measures was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 sought to identify all reproducible measures used to assess exercise adherence in a musculoskeletal setting. Phase 2 identified published evidence of measurement and practical properties of identified measures. Eight databases were searched (from inception to February 2016). Study quality was assessed against the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments guidelines. Measurement quality was assessed against accepted standards.
  
  
  
  Phase 1: from 8511 records, 326 full-text articles were reviewed; 45 reproducible measures were identified. Phase 2: from 2977 records, 110 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; 10 articles provided evidence of measurement/practical properties for just seven measures. Six were exercise adherence-specific measures; one was specific to physical activity but applied as a measure of exercise adherence. Evidence of essential measurement and practical properties was mostly limited or not available. Assessment of relevance and comprehensiveness was largely absent and there was no evidence of patient involvement during the development or evaluation of any measure.
  
  
  
  The significant methodological and quality issues encountered prevent the clear recommendation of any measure; future applications should be undertaken cautiously until greater clarity of the conceptual underpinning of each measure is provided and acceptable evidence of essential measurement properties is established. Future research should seek to engage collaboratively with relevant stakeholders to ensure that exercise adherence assessment is high quality, relevant and acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
authors.forename: Sionnadh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Keele University, Keele.
authors.forename: Melanie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
authors.forename: Tanzila
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Potia
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gee
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mallett
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health and Social Care Research, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield.
authors.forename: Sadiq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhanbhro
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Unit.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.affiliation: Royal College of Nursing Research Institute, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: Kirstie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haywood
mesh_terms: D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019370:Observation; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: acceptability; adherence; exercise; measurement; musculoskeletal; physical activity; quality; systematic review