title: Breaking the first lineage barrier - many roads to trophoblast stem cell fate.
abstract: Recently, direct cell fate conversion attempts between the embryonic and extra-embryonic lineage gained new momentum. Two concomitant publications were published, describing the successful generation of transgene-independent, self-renewing trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) from murine fibroblasts. Cells were faithfully converted, displaying high similarity to blastocyst or extraembryonic ectoderm derived TSCs. Here, we summarize and compare published attempts aiming at the direct induction of trophoblast-fate from either mouse embryonic stem cells or fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn Medical School, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubaczka
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn Medical School, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bonn Medical School, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schorle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology; D054337:Cell Dedifferentiation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054338:Cell Transdifferentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D057905:Stem Cell Research; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000166:cytology*
keywords: Direct cell fate conversion; Embryonic stem cells; Induced trophoblast stem cells; Trophoblast stem cell-like cells; Trophoblast stem cells