title: A three-dimensional movie of structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin.
abstract: Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a light-driven proton pump and a model membrane transport protein. We used time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at an x-ray free electron laser to visualize conformational changes in bR from nanoseconds to milliseconds following photoactivation. An initially twisted retinal chromophore displaces a conserved tryptophan residue of transmembrane helix F on the cytoplasmic side of the protein while dislodging a key water molecule on the extracellular side. The resulting cascade of structural changes throughout the protein shows how motions are choreographed as bR transports protons uphill against a transmembrane concentration gradient.
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.|Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nango
authors.affiliation: Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France.|European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Royant
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.|Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wickstrand
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.|Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kensuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tono
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.|Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Changyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiichi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mizohata
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Przemyslaw
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nogly
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Daewoong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Dohyun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea.
authors.forename: Byeonghyun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)-Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.|Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Rebecka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Båth
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dods
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davidsson
authors.affiliation: JST-Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: JST-Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawatake
authors.affiliation: JST-Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Lipid Active Structure Project, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nureki
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owada
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kameshima
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatsui
authors.affiliation: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Joti
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.|Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gebhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schertler
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
authors.forename: Makina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yabashi
authors.affiliation: Theoretical Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ana-Nicoleta
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bondar
authors.affiliation: Division of Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Standfuss
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. richard.neutze@gu.se s.iwata@spring8.or.jp.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neutze
authors.affiliation: RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan. richard.neutze@gu.se s.iwata@spring8.or.jp.|Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: So
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwata
mesh_terms: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003461:Crystallography; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007834:Lasers; D009040:Motion Pictures; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D011522:Protons; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins; D012172:Retinaldehyde