title: Triterpene derivatives from Euphorbia enhance resistance against Verticillium wilt of tomato.
abstract: Oxidation of α-euphorbol and 31-norlanostenol, two triterpenic compounds isolated from the latex of Euphorbia resinifera and Euphorbia officinarum respectively, yielded four products named 3β-tosyloxy-4α,14α-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-7,9-diene; 4α,14α-dimethyl-5α-cholesta-7,9-dien-3β-ol; 24-methylen-elemo-lanosta-8,24-dien-3-one and elemo-lanost-8-en-3,11,24-trione. They were evaluated for protection of tomato plants against Verticillium dahliae in a greenhouse. The four semisynthesized products were phytotoxic at higher concentrations as they completely inhibited tomato germination at 100 and 500 μg/ml. However at lower concentrations (10 and 50 μg/ml) germination and root length were not affected. Disease resistance against Verticillium wilt was assessed in tomato plants derived from seeds that germinated in the presence of 10 and 50 μg/ml of the four products. All of them were able to reduce significantly disease severity, with 10 μg/ml being more effective than 50 μg/ml. Reduction of leaf alteration index and of stunting index ranged from 52 to 68% and from 43 to 67%, respectively, while vessel discoloration was reduced by at least 95%. The compounds were also able to elicit H2O2accumulation before and after fungal inoculation and to significantly enhance peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities. These results suggest that the hemisynthetized triterpenes can be used as elicitors of disease resistance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smaili
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, P.O. Box 20, 24000 El Jadida, Morocco; Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Natural Substances and Reactivity, URAC 16, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco.
authors.forename: Noureddine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mazoir
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Lalla Aicha
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Tayeb
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koussa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: Kacem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Makroum
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco.
authors.forename: El Mostafa
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kabil
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biomolecular Chemistry, Natural Substances and Reactivity, URAC 16, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech, Morocco.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benharref
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Ecosystem Valorisation, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco. Electronic address: faizemohamed@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faize
mesh_terms: D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000032:analysis; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020172:Verticillium / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014315:Triterpenes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Elicitor; Euphorbia officinarum; Euphorbia resinifera; Euphorbiaceae; Resistance; Solanaceae; Solanum lycopersicum; Triterpene derivatives; Verticillium dahliae