title: The Pathophysiological Impact of HLA Class Ia and HLA-G Expression and Regulatory T Cells in Malignant Melanoma: A Review.
abstract: Malignant melanoma, a very common type of cancer, is a rapidly growing cancer of the skin with an increase in incidence among the Caucasian population. The disease is seen through all age groups and is very common in the younger age groups. Several studies have examined the risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms of malignant melanoma, which have enlightened our understanding of the development of the disease, but we have still to fully understand the complex immunological interactions. The examination of the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and prognostic outcome has shown interesting results, and a correlation between the down- or upregulation of these antigens and prognosis has been seen through many different types of cancer. In malignant melanoma, HLA class Ia has been seen to influence the effects of pharmaceutical drug treatment as well as the overall prognosis, and the HLA class Ib and regulatory T cells have been correlated with tumor progression. Although there is still no standardized immunological treatment worldwide, the interaction between the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) system and tumor progression seems to be a promising focus in the way of optimizing the treatment of malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lasse Lindholm
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Plastic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lock-Andersen
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immune Regulation and Reproductive Immunology (CIRRI), Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Thomas Vauvert F
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0299-0151
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Hviid
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015788:HLA-A1 Antigen; D059951:HLA-G Antigens