title: The Prevalence of Intraocular Tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Patients in South Africa Using a Revised Classification System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the prevalence of intraocular tuberculosis in South Africa using a revised classification system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study to determine the underlying etiology in patients presenting with uveitis to a tertiary Eye Clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 35 out of 106 patients (33.0%) were diagnosed with intraocular tuberculosis, of which 11 (31.4%) had HIV infection; 23 patients (65.7%) had possible intraocular tuberculosis and 12 (34.3%) had probable intraocular tuberculosis. Patients with probable intraocular tuberculosis were younger than those with possible intraocular tuberculosis (p = 0.003). More males (66.7%) had probable intraocular tuberculosis and more females (73.9%) had possible intraocular tuberculosis (p = 0.031). More HIV-positive patients had probable intraocular tuberculosis and more HIV-negative patients had possible intraocular tuberculosis (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  South Africa has a high prevalence of intraocular tuberculosis. Younger, male, HIV-positive patients are more likely to have probable intraocular tuberculosis, while older, female, HIV-negative patients are more likely to have possible intraocular tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Derrick P
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3206-8184
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.affiliation: b Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Evidence Based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: Tonya M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8703-1664
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Esterhuizen
authors.affiliation: a Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Cape Town , South Africa.
authors.forename: David
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-4344
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Classification; HIV; South Africa; intraocular tuberculosis; prevalence