title: Distinct Hepatic Macrophage Populations in Lean and Obese Mice.
abstract: Obesity is a complex metabolic disorder associated with the development of non-communicable diseases such as cirrhosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and type 2 diabetes. In humans and rodents, obesity promotes hepatic steatosis and inflammation, which leads to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins. Liver macrophages (resident as well as recruited) play a significant role in hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Interestingly, depletion of hepatic macrophages protects against the development of high-fat-induced steatosis, inflammation, and IR. Kupffer cells (KCs), liver-resident macrophages, are the first-line defense against invading pathogens, clear toxic or immunogenic molecules, and help to maintain the liver in a tolerogenic immune environment. During high fat diet feeding and steatosis, there is an increased number of recruited hepatic macrophages (RHMs) in the liver and activation of KCs to a more inflammatory or M1 state. In this review, we will focus on the role of liver macrophages (KCs and RHMs) during obesity.
authors.affiliation: Merck Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA; CIBERehd - Networked Biomedical Research Center, Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayoral Monibas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M F
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute , La Jolla, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Paqui G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Traves
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Physiology & Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA; Metabolic Physiology & Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mahata
keywords: Kupffer cells; hepatocytes; immunometabolism; inflammation; insulin resistance; obesity