title: Mechanosensing by the nucleus: From pathways to scaling relationships.
abstract: The nucleus is linked mechanically to the extracellular matrix via multiple polymers that transmit forces to the nuclear envelope and into the nuclear interior. Here, we review some of the emerging mechanisms of nuclear mechanosensing, which range from changes in protein conformation and transcription factor localization to chromosome reorganization and membrane dilation up to rupture. Nuclear mechanosensing encompasses biophysically complex pathways that often converge on the main structural proteins of the nucleus, the lamins. We also perform meta-analyses of public transcriptomics and proteomics data, which indicate that some of the mechanosensing pathways relaying signals from the collagen matrix to the nucleus apply to a broad range of species, tissues, and diseases.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Sangkyun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Irianto
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 discher@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-2229
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Discher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D019295:Computational Biology; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D008954:Models, Biological; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D009687:Nuclear Proteins