title: Metabolic profiling of human endothelial cells during autophagy assessed in a biomimetic microfluidic device model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autophagy is critical to endothelial function. We explored the effects of autophagy induced by serum deprivation on Human Umbilical Vascular Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) metabolome profile and its inhibition by the antimalarial drug chloroquine (CLQ) using a microfluidic biomimetic model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The metabolites secreted by HUVEC into the circulating microfluidics were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and further analyzed using Metaboanalyst 3.0 multivariate and pathway analysis tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis showed the discrimination of metabolites between treated and control groups. The results also identified alterations in metabolites relevant to endothelial function such as arginine, glutamate and energy metabolism pathways. Interestingly, CLQ mostly reversed the changes induced by serum deprivation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The knowledge of endothelial metabolic profile during autophagy may contribute to the identification of clinical biomarkers and potential therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil. Electronic address: cezar.pestana@unila.edu.br.
authors.forename: Cezar Rangel
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pestana
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Urbaczek
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Vieira
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Alberici
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gerson Jhonatan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrilho
mesh_terms: D001343:Autophagy; D032701:Biomimetics; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: Autophagy; Chloroquine; Endothelial dysfunction; HUVEC; Mass spectrometry; Metabolome; Microfluids