title: Myocardial strain may be useful in differentiating Takotsubo cardiomyopathy from left anterior descending coronary artery ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SCM) is characterized by transient apical wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle (LV) in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Although the echocardiographic findings of SCM mimic those of left anterior descending coronary artery ischemia or infarction (LAD), the regional LV wall motion pattern and degree of RV involvement may differ.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sought to systematically assess regional LV and RV function with myocardial strain imaging to assess if ventricular involvement may differ between SCM and LAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This was a retrospective cohort study, with 3 groups: patients with SCM (n=55), patients with LAD (n=36), and 37 normal subjects. All the patients had a comprehensive transthoracic echocardiographic examination, including assessment of longitudinal strain (LS). Global LV longitudinal strain was markedly decreased in both the SCM and LAD groups. However, SCM patients differed by more severe involvement the mid-inferolateral, mid-inferior, apical-lateral, and apical-inferior segments. When compared to the LAD patients, SCM patients had significantly more RV involvement both visually and quantitatively (27-42% versus 0-25%). Predictors of SCM included visually reduced RV systolic function, abnormal TAPSE, RVS' and RV LS in the apical segment. Of the LV variables, regional LS in the mid-inferior and apical-inferior segments could differentiate the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that RV involvement and the pattern of LV regional LS abnormalities may help differentiate SCM from LAD disease during echocardiographic imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: LiYing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Addetia
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Medvedofsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. Electronic address: kspencer@uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Kirk T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D054549:Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Echocardiography; LV function; Longitudinal strain; RV function; Stress-induced cardiomyopathy