title: Influence of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers on Kidney after Fetal Programming in an Experimental Model of Renal Failure.
abstract: Objective.To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming.Methods.The offspring aged two and five months were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring); DC (diabetic dams, control offspring); CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg); and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-β, TNF-α, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR.Results.MCP-1 was increased in the CFA and DFA groups at two and five months of age, as well as in DC5 when compared to CC5. There was a higher expression of IL-1 in the CFA2, DFA2, and DC2 groups. There was a decrease in NOS3 and an increase in TNF-αin DFA5 in relation to CFA5. The gene expression of TGF-βincreased in cases that had received folic acid at two and five months, and VEGF decreased in the CFA5 and DFA5 groups. DC5 showed increased VEGF expression in comparison with CC5.Conclusions.Gestational diabetes mellitus and folic acid both change the expression of inflammatory markers, thus demonstrating that the exposure to harmful agents in adulthood has a more severe impact in cases which underwent fetal reprogramming.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Donizete
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pereira Júnior
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Lavras Federal University, Lavras, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camila Souza de Oliveira
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Cristina Souza
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4209-5506
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Physiology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aldo Rogelis Aquiles
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: da Glória
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vicente de Paula Antunes
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0195-8646
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Niels Olsen Saraiva
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5436-1248
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Câmara
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenaldo Branco
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4345-6994
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marlene Antônia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dos Reis
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Department of General Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Reis
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0471-1454
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Penna
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Rodrigues
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2621-6611
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Helmo
authors.affiliation: Discipline of General Pathology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosana Rosa Miranda
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Corrêa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467498:vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat; D005492:Folic Acid; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat