title: Manta birostris, predator of the deep? Insight into the diet of the giant manta ray through stable isotope analysis.
abstract: The characterization of diet for the giant manta rayManta birostrishas been problematic given their large-scale movement patterns and the difficulty in obtaining stomach contents from this species. The large majority of existing information is based on observational data limited to feeding events at the sea surface during daylight. Recently discovered aggregation sites for the giant manta ray off mainland Ecuador are some of the most accessible to date and provide a unique opportunity for researchers to gather much needed information on this elusive species. To assess how important surface zooplankton is to giant manta ray diet, we conducted stable isotope analysis (15N and13C) onM. birostrismuscle and surface zooplankton. Trophic position estimates placedM. birostrisoverall at a secondary consumer level of approximately 3.4 but there was large variation inδ15N andδ13C values among individuals.Manta birostrismuscle tissueδ13C values were also not consistent with this species feeding predominantly on surface zooplankton and suggest that the majority of dietary intake is of mesopelagic origin. Given the conservative life history and fisheries pressure on large planktivores, knowledge of their trophic role and foraging strategies is essential to better understand their ecology and develop effective conservation measures.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Marine Megafauna Foundation, Truckee, CA, USA; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, EcoSciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Katherine B
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5793-9823
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, IUEM, rue Dumont d'Urville , Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 LEMAR (IRD/UBO/CNRS/Ifremer) , Plouzané 29280 , France.
authors.forename: Lydie I E
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Couturier
authors.affiliation: Marine Megafauna Foundation , Truckee, CA , USA.
authors.forename: Andrea D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, EcoSciences Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Dutton Park, Queensland 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Biophysical Oceanography Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management , The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia.
authors.forename: Scarla J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Planning and Environmental Management , The University of Queensland , St Lucia, Queensland 4072 , Australia.
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bennett
keywords: diet; eastern tropical Pacific Ocean; elasmobranch; mesopelagic; planktivore; trophic ecology