title: Agarose-chitosan-C18film micro-solid phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of phenanthrene and pyrene in chrysanthemum tea samples.
abstract: Agarose-chitosan-immobilized octadecylsilyl-silica (C18) film micro-solid phase extraction (μSPE) was developed and applied for the determination of phenanthrene (PHE) and pyrene (PYR) in chrysanthemum tea samples using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The film of blended agarose and chitosan allows good dispersion of C18, prevents the leaching of C18during application and enhances the film mechanical stability. Important μSPE parameters were optimized including amount of sorbent loading, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time. The matrix match calibration curves showed good linearity (r⩾0.994) over a concentration range of 1-500ppb. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method showed good limits of detection (0.549-0.673ppb), good analyte recoveries (100.8-105.99%) and good reproducibilities (RSDs⩽13.53%, n=3) with preconcentration factors of 4 and 72 for PHE and PYR, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nyuk Ting
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: marsin@kimia.fs.utm.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Marsin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Nazihah
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Aini
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D031202:Chrysanthemum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D012685:Sepharose / Q000737:chemistry; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011721:Pyrenes; C031181:phenanthrene; D012685:Sepharose; D048271:Chitosan; C030984:pyrene
keywords: Agarose-chitosan-immobilized C(18) adsorbent; Chrysanthemum tea; Micro-solid phase extraction; Phenanthrene; Phenanthrene (PubChem CID: 995); Pyrene; Pyrene (PubChem CID: 31423)