title: Real-time monitoring of cytotoxic effects of electroporation on breast and colon cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of electroporation on different cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of electroporation on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human colon cancer (SW-480 and HCT-116), human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5), primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were studied. Real-time technology was used for cell viability monitoring. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide assay was applied for cell death type determination. A numerical model of electroporation has been proposed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroporation induced inhibition of cell viability on dose (voltage) dependent way. The electroporation treatment 375-437.5Vcm-1caused irreversible electroporation of cancer cells and reversible electroporation of healthy cells. The application of lower voltage rating (250Vcm-1) led to apoptosis as the predominant type of cell death, whereas the use of higher voltage (500Vcm-1) mainly caused necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electroporation represents a promising method in cancer treatment. Different cancer cell lines had different response to the identical electroporation treatment. Electroporation 375-437.5Vcm-1selectively caused permanent damage of cancer cells (SW-480), while healthy cells (MRC-5, hAoSM and HUVEC) recovered after 72h. The type of cell death is dependent of electroporation conditions. The proposed numerical model is useful for the analysis of phenomena related to electroporation treatment.
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: c_danijela@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Danijela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cvetković
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: zivanovicmkg@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marko N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Živanović
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: milenagen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Milena G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Milutinović
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Kragujevac, Serbia; BioIRC Bioengineering R&D Center, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: tijana@kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Tijana R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Djukić
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Kragujevac, Serbia; BioIRC Bioengineering R&D Center, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: mradovic@kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Miloš D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Radović
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: draleksandarcvetkovic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aleksandar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cvetković
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Engineering, Kragujevac, Serbia; University of Harvard, Boston, USA; BioIRC Bioengineering R&D Center, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: fica@kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Nenad D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Filipović
authors.affiliation: University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia. Electronic address: nzdravkovic@medf.kg.ac.rs.
authors.forename: Nebojša D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Zdravković
keywords: Apoptosis; Breast cancer; Colon cancer; Cytotoxicity; Electroporation; Numerical model