title: Two Genotypes of Coxsackievirus A2 Associated with Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Circulating in China since 2008.
abstract: Coxsackievirus A2 (CV-A2) has been frequently detected and commonly associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in China since 2008. However, limited sequences of CV-A2 are currently available. As a result, we have been focusing on the genetic characteristics of CV-A2 in the mainland of China during 2008-2015 based on national HFMD surveillance. In this study, 20 CV-A2 strains were isolated and phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 sequences were performed. Full-length genome sequences of two representative CV-A2 isolates were acquired and similarity plot and bootscanning analyses were performed. The phylogenetic dendrogram indicated that all CV-A2 strains could be divided into four genotypes (Genotypes A-D). The CV-A2 prototype strain (Fleetwood) was the sole member of genotype A. From 2008 to 2015, the CV-A2 strains isolated in China dispersed into two different genotypes (B and D). And the genotype D became the dominant circulating strains in China. Strains isolated in Russia and India from 2005 to 2011 converged into genotype C. Intertypic recombination occurred between the Chinese CV-A2 strains and other enterovirus-A donor sequences. This result reconfirmed that recombination is a common phenomenon among enteroviruses. This study helps expand the numbers of whole virus genome sequence and entire VP1 sequence of CV-A2 in the GenBank database for further researcher.
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuangli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dongyan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tianjiao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xinrui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D005838:Genotype; D006232:Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D010802:Phylogeny; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral