title: Human polyomavirus 6 and 7 are associated with pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human polyomavirus (HPyV)6 and HPyV7 are shed chronically from human skin. HPyV7, but not HPyV6, has been linked to a pruritic skin eruption of immunosuppression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether biopsy specimens showing a characteristic pattern of dyskeratosis and parakeratosis might be associated with polyomavirus infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We screened biopsy specimens showing "peacock plumage" histology by polymerase chain reaction for HPyVs. Cases positive for HPyV6 or HPyV7 were then analyzed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and complete sequencing, including unbiased, next-generation sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 3 additional cases of HPyV6 or HPyV7 skin infections. Expression of T antigen and viral capsid was abundant in lesional skin. Dual immunofluorescence staining experiments confirmed that HPyV7 primarily infects keratinocytes. High viral loads in lesional skin compared with normal-appearing skin and the identification of intact virions by both electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing support a role for active viral infections in these skin diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This was a small case series of archived materials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that HPyV6 and HPyV7 are associated with rare, pruritic skin eruptions with a distinctive histologic pattern and describe this entity as "HPyV6- and HPyV7-associated pruritic and dyskeratotic dermatoses."
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Khang D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Eunice E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Yangbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Dermatohistopathological Laboratory, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stork
authors.affiliation: Bioptical Laboratory, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Lumir
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pock
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Jeffrey P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: North
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Travis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vandergriff
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Cockerell Dermatopathology, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cockerell
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; ProPath, Dallas, Texas.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hosler
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Diana V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Pastrana
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. Electronic address: richard.wang@utsouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000821:virology; D007642:Keratosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011120:Polyomavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D011537:Pruritus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000957:Antigens, Viral, Tumor; D036022:Capsid Proteins
keywords: HIV/AIDS; dyskeratosis; human polyomavirus 6; human polyomavirus 7; immunosuppression; organ transplantation; parakeratosis; polyomavirus; pruritus