title: A novel combined approach of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis for non-destructive examination of blue ballpoint pen inks in forensic application.
abstract: The present research is focused on the analysis of writing inks using destructive UV-Vis spectroscopy (dissolution of ink by the solvent) and non-destructive diffuse reflectance UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy along with Chemometrics. Fifty seven samples of blue ballpoint pen inks were analyzed under optimum conditions to determine the differences in spectral features of inks among same and different manufacturers. Normalization was performed on the spectroscopic data before chemometric analysis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used on the data to ascertain whether the blue ballpoint pen inks could be differentiated by their UV-Vis/UV-Vis NIR spectra. The discriminating power is calculated by qualitative analysis by the visual comparison of the spectra (absorbance peaks), produced by the destructive and non-destructive methods. In the latter two methods, the pairwise comparison is made by incorporating the clustering method. It is found that chemometric method provides better discriminating power (98.72% and 99.46%, in destructive and non-destructive, respectively) in comparison to the qualitative analysis (69.67%).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Electronic address: vsharma@pu.ac.in.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
keywords: Chemometrics; Diffuse reflectance UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy; Discriminating power; Principal component analysis