title: Adding nickel formate in alkali lignin to increase contents of alkylphenols and aromatics during fast pyrolysis.
abstract: The composition of pyrolysis vapors obtained from alkali lignin pyrolysis with the additive of nickel formate was examined using the pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Characterization of bio-chars was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the nickel formate significantly increased liquid yield, simplified the types of alkali lignin pyrolysis products and increased individual component contents. The additive of nickel formate increased contents of alkylphenols and aromatics from alkali lignin pyrolysis. With an increase in temperature, a greater amount of the relative contents can be achieved. The nickel formate was thermally decomposed to form hydrogen, resulting in hydrodeoxygenation of alkali lignin during pyrolysis. It was also found that Ni is in favor of producing alkylphenols. The analysis based on the experimental result provided evidences used to propose reaction mechanism for pyrolysis of nickel formate-assisted alkali lignin.
authors.affiliation: College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. Electronic address: cjianmin168@126.com.
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, TX 72076, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Mechanical and Energy Engineering Department, University of North Texas, TX 72076, USA.
authors.forename: Sheldon Q
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008031:Lignin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009532:Nickel / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000468:Alkalies; D009532:Nickel; D008031:Lignin
keywords: Alkali lignin; Alkylphenols; Aromatics; Nickel formate; Pyrolysis