title: Effects of Ramadan fasting on moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. A prospective observational study.
abstract: To examin the effect of Ramadan fasting on worsening of renal function (WRF). Method: This was a single-arm prospective observational study including 65 patients with stage 3 or higher chronic kidney disease (CKD). By definition, WRF was considered to have occurred when serum creatinine levels increased by 0.3 mg/dL (26.5 µmol/l) from baseline during or within 3 months after Ramadan. The study was conducted in the Nephrology Clinic of King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the month of Ramadan 1436 AH (Hijiri), which corresponded to June 18-July 17, 2015.  Results: This study included 65 adults with a mean age of 53 years. Overall, 33% of patients developed WRF. In the multivariate analysis, more advanced CKD stage, higher baseline systolic blood pressure and younger age were independently associated with WRF. Underlying cause of CKD, use of diuretics, use of renin angiotensin blockers, gender, and smoking status were not associated with WRF.  Conclusion: In patients with stage 3 or higher CKD, Ramadan fasting during the summer months was associated with worsening of renal function. Clinicians need to warn CKD patients against Ramadan fasting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail. ammar2884@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Amaar A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bakhit
authors.forename: Amr M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kurdi
authors.forename: Junaid J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wadera
authors.forename: Abdulkareem O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Alsuwaida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012529:Saudi Arabia