title: The effects of intra-cerebroventricular administered rocuronium on the central nervous system of rats and determination of its epileptic seizure-inducing dose.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricularly administered rocuronium bromide on the central nervous system, determine the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide in rats, and investigate the effects of rocuronium on the central nervous system at 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100 dilutions of the determined seizure threshold dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  A permanent cannula was placed in the lateral cerebral ventricle of the animals. The study was designed in two phases. In the first phase, the seizure threshold dose of rocuronium bromide was determined. In the second phase, Group R 1/5 (n=6), Group 1/10 (n=6), and Group 1/100 (n=6) were formed using doses of 1/5, 1/10, and 1/100, respectively, of the obtained rocuronium bromide seizure threshold dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rocuronium bromide seizure threshold value was found to be 0.056±0.009μmoL. The seizure threshold, as a function of the body weight of rats, was calculated as 0.286μmoL/kg-1. A dose of 1/5 of the seizure threshold dose primarily caused splayed limbs, posturing, and tremors of the entire body, whereas the dose of 1/10 of the seizure threshold dose caused agitation and shivering. A dose of 1/100 of the seizure threshold dose was associated with decreased locomotor activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that rocuronium bromide has dose-related deleterious effects on the central nervous system and can produce dose-dependent excitatory effects and seizures.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baykal
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Necati
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gökmen
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doğan
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serhat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erbayraktar
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Animal Research Center, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yılmaz
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elvan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ocmen
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey. Electronic address: hale.erdost@deu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hale Aksu
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Erdost
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Anesthesiology, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atalay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arkan
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium
keywords: Central nervous system; Convulsão; Rat; Rato; Rocuronium; Rocurônio; Seizure; Sistema nervoso central