title: Selection and Suitability of an Artificial Diet for Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics.
abstract: Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) is a key tomato pest in South America and, recently, in Europe and Africa. To develop efficient control methods for this pest, adequate rearing protocols are desirable. As an alternative to tomato leaves (natural diet), we evaluated four artificial diets. Biological traits including larval and pupal viability and development time, pupal weight and deformations were assessed. Additionally, the optimum container size and larval density were evaluated. The diet based on casein, wheat germ and cellulose allowed the best development of T. absoluta, showing higher viability and no negative effects on larval instars and pupal weight. The best container was a glass tube measuring Ø 1 × h 6 cm, topped with waterproof cotton, with a density of three larvae. To evaluate the suitability of this diet, T. absoluta was reared during eight generations and life-table parameters were estimated for the F1, F3, F6, and F8 generations. The total viability (egg-adult) increased over the generations, reaching 75% in the eighth generation. Based on life-table estimations no differences among generations were found. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was higher than 40, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) ranged between 0.08 and 0.11, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1, the mean generation time (T) have a maximum of 44 d and doubling time ranged from 5.89-8.32 generations. These results indicated that a diet based on casein, wheat germ and cellulose was suitable for T. absoluta rearing in laboratory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil johabajonero@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bajonero
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: J R P
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Parra
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Rearing technique; fitness; life table