title: Fowl typhoid in laying hens cause hepatic oxidative stress.
abstract: The aim of this study was to analyses nitric oxide, antioxidant status, and oxidative profile in the liver of laying hens naturally infected by Salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum). The nitrite/nitrate (NOx), reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in liver samples, as well the biomarkers of hepatic function (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total protein and albumin levels measured in serum. NOxlevels and CAT activity were reduced in hepatic tissue of infected hens. On the other hand, TBARS and ROS levels, GR, GPx and GST activities were higher in infected animals. On biomarkers of tissue damage, ALT, AST, GGT and total protein levels were higher in serum of infected hens, and showed decreased albumin levels. In summary, ROS and TBARS production lead to damage on the membrane lipids that alter activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GR, GPx and GSH, an adaptive response against S. Gallinarum infection, contributing to the pathophysiology and clinical signs of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelisa H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Biazus
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Electronic address: aleksandro.silva@udesc.br.
authors.forename: Aleksandro S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nathieli B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Bottari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Baldissera
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Guilherme M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: do Carmo
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vera M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Morsch
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemical and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Rosa C
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Schetinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naiara S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Guarda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenita M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campigotto
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: mmboiago@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Marcel M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boiago
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002645:Chickens; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D019779:Salmonella enterica
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002374:Catalase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Fowl typhoid; Nitric oxide; Oxidative stress; Poultry