title: Runtime Verification of Pacemaker Functionality Using Hierarchical Fuzzy Colored Petri-nets.
abstract: Today, implanted medical devices are increasingly used for many patients and in case of diverse health problems. However, several runtime problems and errors are reported by the relevant organizations, even resulting in patient death. One of those devices is the pacemaker. The pacemaker is a device helping the patient to regulate the heartbeat by connecting to the cardiac vessels. This device is directed by its software, so any failure in this software causes a serious malfunction. Therefore, this study aims to a better way to monitor the device's software behavior to decrease the failure risk. Accordingly, we supervise the runtime function and status of the software. The software verification means examining limitations and needs of the system users by the system running software. In this paper, a method to verify the pacemaker software, based on the fuzzy function of the device, is presented. So, the function limitations of the device are identified and presented as fuzzy rules and then the device is verified based on the hierarchical Fuzzy Colored Petri-net (FCPN), which is formed considering the software limits. Regarding the experiences of using: 1) Fuzzy Petri-nets (FPN) to verify insulin pumps, 2) Colored Petri-nets (CPN) to verify the pacemaker and 3) To verify the pacemaker by a software agent with Petri-network based knowledge, which we gained during the previous studies, the runtime behavior of the pacemaker software is examined by HFCPN, in this paper. This is considered a developing step compared to the earlier work. HFCPN in this paper, compared to the FPN and CPN used in our previous studies reduces the complexity. By presenting the Petri-net (PN) in a hierarchical form, the verification runtime, decreased as 90.61% compared to the verification runtime in the earlier work. Since we need an inference engine in the runtime verification, we used the HFCPN to enhance the performance of the inference engine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.|Naghshejahan Higher Education Institute, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Majma
authors.affiliation: Department of Computer, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran. Babamir@kashanu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Seyed Morteza
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Babamir
authors.affiliation: Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Engineering University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746, Iran.
authors.forename: Amirhassan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monadjemi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012985:Software Design
keywords: Hierarchical fuzzy colored Petri-net; Pacemaker; Petri-net; Runtime verification