title: Translation and validation of the Spanish version of the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS-LD) is a brief instrument that assesses functioning in people with intellectual development disorder and mental health problems/behaviour disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine the evidence on the validity of the scores based on the Spanish version of the HoNOS-LD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 111 participants that were assessed by the Spanish version of the HoNOS-LD and other questionnaires that measured different variables related to the scale. Thirty-three participants were assessed by 2 examiners, and retested 7 days later, in order to study inter-examiner reliability and test-retest reliabilities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on clinical and conceptual criteria, and on the results of the parallel analysis, a factorial solution with one factor was selected. Internal consistency was good (Omega coefficient of 0.87). Inter-examiner and test-retest reliabilities were excellent (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.98, respectively). Correlations between sections of the HoNOS-LD and the related instruments showed the expected direction, and were highly significant (P<.001), and the HoNOS-LD score increased with the intensity of the support required by the participants. These results showed evidence of the validity of association with other external variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the HoNOS-LD is a brief, valid and reliable instrument, which will enable a routine assessment of functioning for different uses, including diagnosis and intervention.
authors.affiliation: Servicio Especializado en Salud Mental y Discapacidad Intelectual (SESM-DI), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt, Girona, España. Electronic address: susanna.esteba@ias.cat.
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Esteba-Castillo
authors.affiliation: Servicio Especializado en Salud Mental y Discapacidad Intelectual (SESM-DI), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt, Girona, España.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torrents-Rodas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: García-Alba
authors.affiliation: Servicio Especializado en Salud Mental y Discapacidad Intelectual (SESM-DI), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt, Girona, España.
authors.forename: Núria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ribas-Vidal
authors.affiliation: Servicio Especializado en Salud Mental y Discapacidad Intelectual (SESM-DI), Parc Hospitalari Martí i Julià, Institut d'Assistència Sanitària, Salt, Girona, España.
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Novell-Alsina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D013030:Spain; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Behaviour disorders; Cuestionarios; Fiabilidad y validez; Intellectual development disorder; Mental disorders; Questionnaires; Reliability and validity; Trastorno del desarrollo intelectual; Trastornos de conducta; Trastornos mentales