title: Development of an on-line source-tagged model for sulfate, nitrate and ammonium: A modeling study for highly polluted periods in Shanghai, China.
abstract: An on-line source-tagged model coupled with an air quality model (Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System, NAQPMS) was applied to estimate source contributions of primary and secondary sulfate, nitrate and ammonium (SNA) during a representative winter period in Shanghai. This source-tagged model system could simultaneously track spatial and temporal sources of SNA, which were apportioned to their respective primary precursors in a simulation run. The results indicate that in the study period, local emissions in Shanghai accounted for over 20% of SNA contributions and that Jiangsu and Shandong were the two major non-local sources. In particular, non-local emissions had higher contributions during recorded pollution periods. This suggests that the transportation of pollutants plays a key role in air pollution in Shanghai. The temporal contributions show that the emissions from the "current day" (emission contribution from the current day during which the model was simulating) contributed 60%-70% of the sulfate and ammonium concentrations but only 10%-20% of the nitrate concentration, while the previous days' contributions increased during the recorded pollution periods. Emissions that were released within three days contributed over 85% averagely for SNA in January 2013. To evaluate the source-tagged model system, the results were compared by sensitivity analysis (emission perturbation of -30%) and backward trajectory analysis. The consistency of the comparison results indicated that the source-tagged model system can track sources of SNA with reasonable accuracy.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Yangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200135, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Bin
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. Electronic address: zifawang@mail.iap.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Zifa
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai, 200235, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Yangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China.
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: HuanSheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Baozhu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Yangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China.
authors.forename: Guangqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Yangtze River Delta Center for Environmental Meteorology Prediction and Warning, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200030, China.
authors.forename: Luyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D064751:Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis*; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: NAQPMS; Source apportionment; Source-tagged; Temporal contributions