title: Association between cachexia, chemotherapy and outcomes in older cancer patients: A systematic review.
abstract: The aims of this systematic review were (i) to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and cachexia in older cancer patients in a chemotherapy setting, and (ii) to report the chemotherapy-related causes of malnutrition and (iii) the consequences of malnutrition on the outcomes of these patients.
  
  
  
  We searched MEDLINE for articles published in English or French between 2005 and 2016 and which reported retrospective or prospective, observational or interventional studies of the prevalence of malnutrition and its consequences in patients 65 years or older with solid tumors and chemotherapy-related causes of malnutrition.
  
  
  
  Malnutrition is prevalent up to 83% in older patients with cancer scheduled to receive chemotherapy. One third or more of patients were malnourished before receiving chemotherapy. A weight loss of 10% or more during the past three or six months was reported in 8%-40% of cancer patients, while a body mass index <21 kg/m2was found in 10.7%-23%. Malnutrition was more prevalent in digestive (28%-75%) than in non-digestive cancers (8%-46.9%), and also in metastatic cancers (64%-76.5%). During the course of chemotherapy, weight loss was observed in 40%-91.6% of patients, depending on cancer location. The most frequently reported chemotherapy-related digestive symptoms likely to impair nutritional status were dry mouth, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea and constipation. Low Mini-Nutritional-Assessment score was an independent predictor of early discontinuation of chemotherapy and increased the risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Oncology Clinic, F-94010 Créteil, France; Expert Group on Geriatric Oncology, Société Francophone d'OncoGériatrie (SoFOG), Rheims, France. Electronic address: philippe.caillet@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caillet
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Geriatric Oncology, Société Francophone d'OncoGériatrie (SoFOG), Rheims, France; Pôle de Gériatrie, CHU La Milétrie, Poitiers, France. Electronic address: evelyne.liuu@chu-poitiers.fr.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liuu
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France; Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France. Electronic address: agathe.raynaud-simon@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raynaud Simon
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Lyon Groupement Hospitalier Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France. Electronic address: marc.bonnefoy@chu-lyon.fr.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonnefoy
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Geriatric Oncology, Société Francophone d'OncoGériatrie (SoFOG), Rheims, France; Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Department of Geriatric Medicine, CHU Nice, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France. Electronic address: guerin.o@chu-nice.fr.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Guerin
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Hôpital Bellier, CHU Nantes, France. Electronic address: gilles.berrut@chu-nantes.fr.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berrut
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Department of Geriatrics, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, UPRES AME 2P, University of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Electronic address: lesourd.bruno@orange.fr.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lesourd
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Centre de Gérontologie, Clinique Antonin Balmes, CHU de Montpellier, University I Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: claudejeandel@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeandel
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France. Electronic address: monique.ferry@club-internet.fr.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferry
authors.affiliation: Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France; Gerontopôle, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: rolland.y@chu-toulouse.fr.
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.affiliation: AP-HP, Henri-Mondor Teaching Hospital, Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Oncology Clinic, F-94010 Créteil, France; Expert Group on Geriatric Oncology, Société Francophone d'OncoGériatrie (SoFOG), Rheims, France; Expert Group on Nutrition and Geriatrics (GEGN), Société Française de Gériatrie et Gérontologie (SFGG), Paris, France. Electronic address: elena.paillaud@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paillaud
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002100:Cachexia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Cachexia; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Malnutrition; Older adults