title: Phylogenetic congruence between subtropical trees and their associated fungi.
abstract: Recent studies have detected phylogenetic signals in pathogen-host networks for both soil-borne and leaf-infecting fungi, suggesting that pathogenic fungi may track or coevolve with their preferred hosts. However, a phylogenetically concordant relationship between multiple hosts and multiple fungi in has rarely been investigated. Using next-generation high-throughput DNA sequencing techniques, we analyzed fungal taxa associated with diseased leaves, rotten seeds, and infected seedlings of subtropical trees. We compared the topologies of the phylogenetic trees of the soil and foliar fungi based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with the phylogeny of host tree species based onmatK,rbcL,atpB,and5.8Sgenes. We identified 37 foliar and 103 soil pathogenic fungi belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla and detected significantly nonrandom host-fungus combinations, which clustered on both the fungus phylogeny and the host phylogeny. The explicit evidence of congruent phylogenies between tree hosts and their potential fungal pathogens suggests either diffuse coevolution among the plant-fungal interaction networks or that the distribution of fungal species tracked spatially associated hosts with phylogenetically conserved traits and habitat preferences. Phylogenetic conservatism in plant-fungal interactions within a local community promotes host and parasite specificity, which is integral to the important role of fungi in promoting species coexistence and maintaining biodiversity of forest communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Xubing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China.
authors.forename: Minxia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rampal S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA USA.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China.
authors.forename: Shixiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
keywords: DNA sequencing; congruent phylogenies; foliar pathogens; fungi; molecular phylogeny; network; soil pathogens; subtropical trees