title: A Multifunctional and Possible Skin UV Protectant, (3R)-5-Hydroxymellein, Produced by an Endolichenic Fungus Isolated from Parmotrema austrosinense.
abstract: Lichens are considered a great bio-resource because they produce large numbers of secondary metabolites with many biological activities; however, they have not been cultivated under artificial conditions to date. As a result, lichen substances from natural sources are limited and have not been widely utilized in commercial applications. Accordingly, interest in lichen-associated fungi, especially endogenic fungi, has increased. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is harmful to human health, resulting in demand for effective UV filtering agents for use in sunscreen. In this study, we purified (3R)-5-hydroxymellein, which has UVA absorption activity, from the secondary metabolites of an endolichenic fungus (ELF000039). The antioxidant properties were then assessed by in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity of (3R)-5-hydroxymellein was high when compared to the recognized antioxidants ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Moreover, the compound exhibited no cytotoxicity toward mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, or the normal cell line, HaCaT. Furthermore, (3R)-5-hydroxymellein recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that (3R)-5-hydroxymellein could have an interesting and vital profile to go further development as a multifunctional skin UV protectant.
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea. zhaolushuijing@163.com.
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju 500-757, Korea. kjinc@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin-Cheol
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea. paik815@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Man-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea. wlee@chosun.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Wonjae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, Suncheon 57922, Korea. jshur1@sunchon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Seoun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002460:Cell Line; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D049934:Isocoumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008011:Lichens / Q000382:microbiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D049934:Isocoumarins; D008543:Melanins; D010851:Picrates; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D013481:Superoxides; D002083:Butylated Hydroxyanisole; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: (3R)-5-hydroxymellein; UV protection; antioxidant; endolichenic fungus; melanin