title: Green reduction of graphene oxide using alanine.
abstract: There remains a real need for the easy, eco-friendly and scalable preparation method of graphene due to various potential applications. Chemical reduction is the most versatile method for the large scale production of graphene. Here we report the operating conditions for a one-step, economical and green synthesis method for the reduction of graphene oxide using a biomolecule (alanine). Graphene oxide was produced by the oxidation and exfoliation of natural graphite flake with strong oxidants using Hummers method (Hummers and Offeman, 1958), but the method was revised in our laboratory to set up a safe and environmentally friendly route. The reduction of graphene oxide was investigated using alanine at various operating conditions in order to set up optimum conditions (treatment time, temperature and concentration of the reagent). Samples have been characterized by using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: Jiabin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: caliskanelif@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elif Caliskan
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Salihi
authors.affiliation: Newcastle University, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
authors.forename: Lidija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Šiller
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry*; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D055772:Green Chemistry Technology; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D000409:Alanine
keywords: Alanine; Amino acid; Biomolecule; Graphene; Reduction