title: Prognostic Impact of CD163+ Macrophages in Tumor Stroma and CD8+ T-Cells in Cancer Cell Nests in Invasive Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathological influence of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation (CD) 163+macrophages and CD8+T-cells, and to clarify the prognostic effects of these cells in patients with invasive extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBC).
  
  
  
  The numbers of CD8+T-cells in cancer cell nests and CD163+macrophages in tumor stroma were evaluated using immunohistochemistry in 101 resected EHBC specimens. Correlations with clinicopathological variables and overall survival were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Perihilar EHBC and perineural invasion were significantly associated with a low number of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T-cells. Poorly- differentiated histology and nodal metastasis were significantly associated with a high number of tumor-infiltrating CD163+macrophages. A combination of high number of CD8+T-cells and low number of CD163+macrophages was independently related to better overall survival in the whole patient cohort (hazard ratio=0.127, p<0.001) and in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio=0.139, p=0.021).
  
  
  
  Infiltrating CD163+macrophages in tumor stroma and CD8+T-cells in cancer cell nests have a prognostic impact in patients with EHBC following resection and also after adjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan tmiura@hirosaki-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morohashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yunyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wakiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Keinosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishido
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyoki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Bioscience, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kijima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hakamada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000276:immunology*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface
keywords: CD163; CD8; Extrahepatic bile duct cancer; tumor-associated macrophages; tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes