title: Preparation, Phytochemical Investigation, and Safety Evaluation of Chlorogenic Acid Products from Eupatorium adenophorum.
abstract: Eupatorium adenophorumis widely distributed throughout the world's tropical and temperate regions. It has become a harmful weed of crops and natural environments. Its leaves contain bioactive compounds such as chlorogenic acid and may be used as feed additives. In this study, chlorogenic acid was extracted and separated from leaves ofE. adenophorum. Three chlorogenic acid products were prepared with different purities of 6.11%, 22.17%, and 96.03%. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated that the main toxins of sesquiterpenes were almost completely removed in sample preparation procedure. The three products were evaluated for safety via in vitro and in vivo toxicological studies. All the products exhibited no cytotoxic effects at a dose of 400 μg/mL in an in vitro cell viability assay. When administered in vivo at a single dose up to 1.5 g/kg bw, all three products caused no signs or symptoms of toxicity in mice. These results encourage further exploration of extracts fromE. adenophorumin feed additive application.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biorefinery Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. lbyone@163.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. lbyone@163.com.
authors.forename: Boyan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Biorefinery Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. caoliligood@126.com.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Division of Biorefinery Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. zhanglijun19861030@126.com.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. zhanglijun19861030@126.com.
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Biorefinery Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. xfyuan@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaofan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Division of Biorefinery Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. bzhao@ipe.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D036603:Ageratina / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid
keywords: Eupatorium adenophorum; chlorogenic acid; safety; sesquiterpenes; toxicity