title: Identification and Characterization of Diploid and Tetraploid in Platycodon grandiflorum.
abstract: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), a species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant of the family Campanulaceae, has been used as a traditional oriental medicine for bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, bone disorders and many others similar diseases and as a food supplement. For the primary profiling of PG gas chromatography coupled with high resolution - time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/HR-TOF MS) was used as an analytical tool. A comparison of optimal extraction of metabolites was carried out with a number of solvents [hexane, methylene chloride, methanol, ethanol, methanol: ethanol (70:30, v:v)]. In extracts with methanol: ethanol (70:30 v:v) were detected higher amounts of metabolites than with other solvents. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plots showed significant differences between the diploid and tetraploid metabolite profiles. Extracts of tetraploid showed higher amounts of amino acids, while extracts of diploid contained more organic acids and sugars. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
authors.affiliation: Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02855, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeoung-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Bugahyeon-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Gyong
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02855, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ju-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Nutrition and Cookery, Woosong Information College, Daejeon, 34606, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hag-Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel. shela.gorin@mail.huji.ac.il.
authors.forename: Shela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorinstein
authors.affiliation: PHYTO M&F Co. Ltd., BI Center, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea. swboo@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Hee-Ock
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Boo
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004171:Diploidy; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D057891:Tetraploidy
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D002241:Carbohydrates; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Diploid; Gas chromatography/high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry (GC/HR-TOF MS); Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA); Platycodon grandiflorum (PG); Tetraploid