title: Spin Orientation of Two-Dimensional Electrons Driven by Temperature-Tunable Competition of Spin-Orbit and Exchange-Magnetic Interactions.
abstract: Finding ways to create and control the spin-dependent properties of two-dimensional electron states (2DESs) is a major challenge for the elaboration of novel spin-based devices. Spin-orbit and exchange-magnetic interactions (SOI and EMI) are two fundamental mechanisms that enable access to the tunability of spin-dependent properties of carriers. The silicon surface of HoRh2Si2appears to be a unique model system, where concurrent SOI and EMI can be visualized and controlled by varying the temperature. The beauty and simplicity of this system lie in the 4f moments, which act as a multiple tuning instrument on the 2DESs, as the 4f projections parallel and perpendicular to the surface order at essentially different temperatures. Here we show that the SOI locks the spins of the 2DESs exclusively in the surface plane when the 4f moments are disordered: the Rashba-Bychkov effect. When the temperature is gradually lowered and the system experiences magnetic order, the rising EMI progressively competes with the SOI leading to a fundamental change in the spin-dependent properties of the 2DESs. The spins rotate and reorient toward the out-of-plane Ho 4f moments. Our findings show that the direction of the spins and the spin-splitting of the two-dimensional electrons at the surface can be manipulated in a controlled way by using only one parameter: the temperature.
authors.affiliation: MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Generalov
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain.|Tomsk State University, Lenina Av., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Otrokov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chikina
authors.affiliation: Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7415-4158
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kliemt
authors.affiliation: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kummer
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenberg Straße 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Höppner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Güttler
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seiro
authors.affiliation: IFW Dresden, P.O. Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Danzenbächer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain.|Tomsk State University, Lenina Av., 36, 634050 Tomsk, Russia.|Saint Petersburg State University , 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Evgueni V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Chulkov
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Straße 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geibel
authors.affiliation: Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Laubschat
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dudin
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
authors.forename: Moritz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoesch
authors.affiliation: Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K.
authors.forename: Timur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radovic
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Nicholas C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Plumb
authors.affiliation: Kristall- und Materiallabor, Physikalisches Institut, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Max-von-Laue Straße 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krellner
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisica de Materiales and CFM-MPC UPV/EHU, Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , 20080 San Sebastian, Spain.|Institute of Solid State Physics, Dresden University of Technology , Zellescher Weg 16, D-01062 Dresden, Germany.|Saint Petersburg State University , 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia.|IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , 48011 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Denis V
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9053-7511
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Vyalikh
keywords: ARPES; Spin−orbit coupling; antiferromagnetism; exchange−magnetic interaction; rare-earth intermetallics