title: Increased plasma RBP4 concentration in older hypertensives is related to the decreased kidney function and the number of antihypertensive drugs-results from the PolSenior substudy.
abstract: Increased plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a novel adipokine, has been associated in previous studies with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension (HT), atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between HT occurrence and its treatment, and plasma RBP4 concentrations in the older polish population. The study sample consisted of 1728 (890 men and 838 women) PolSenior study participants aged 65 years and older with available plasma samples and NT-proBNP values below 2000 pg/mL. The analysis included body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum glucose and insulin (and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), and plasma RBP4 levels. RBP4 plasma concentrations were higher in hypertensive (N = 645) than normotensive (N = 236) men (43.4 [30.4-64.8] vs. 38.1 [27.1-54.4] ng/mL, respectively; P < .01) but not in women (44.6 [29.6-63.5] vs. 40.7 [29.1-58.1] ng/mL, respectively; P = .21). In the subanalysis, higher plasma RBP4 levels were observed in women with treated than untreated HT and in subjects taking four of more antihypertensive drugs. The linear regression shown that estimated glomerular filtration rate (β = -0.015), thiazide diuretics (β = 0.041), and α-blockers (β = 0.049) were explaining log10RBP4 plasma levels variability in the study group. Older male Caucasians with HT are characterized by elevated plasma RBP4 levels. This increase is proportional to the number of antihypertensive drugs and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Among the antihypertensive drugs, only thiazide diuretics and α-blockers had a significant influence on RBP4 levels.
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Cardiology, District Hospital in Zakopane, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majerczyk
authors.affiliation: Division of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Choręza
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bożentowicz-Wikarek
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Aniceta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzozowska
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Habibullah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arabzada
authors.affiliation: Division of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Owczarek
authors.affiliation: International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mossakowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grodzicki
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Education, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zdrojewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Więcek
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion and Obesity Management Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olszanecka-Glinianowicz
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Pathophysiology, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Internal Medicine and Oncological Chemotherapy, Medical Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: chj@poczta.fm.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chudek
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma / Q000032:analysis*; D012737:Sex Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C101326:RBP4 protein, human; D054839:Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain
keywords: Hypertension; retinol-binding protein 4