title: Gender Differences in Cognitive Functioning in Older Alcohol-Dependent Patients.
abstract: Alcohol dependence is associated with impairments in cognition, especially in later life. Previous studies suggest that excessive drinking has more negative impact on cognition in women than in men.
  
  
  
  In this study, differences in cognition between male and female older, alcohol-dependent patients were examined.
  
  
  
  Older alcohol-dependent inpatients (N = 164, 62.2% men, mean age 62.6 ± 6.4) underwent neuropsychological tests of sensitivity to interference, mental flexibility, and visual processing.
  
  
  
  No gender differences were found in age, educational level, estimated premorbid verbal intelligence, and sensitivity to interference. Duration of alcohol dependence was longer for men than for women. Men performed better than women on visual processing, and women better than men on mental flexibility. The superior mental flexibility of women remained significant after adjustment for duration of alcohol dependence. Conclusions/Importance: Older alcohol-dependent inpatients performed below average on cognitive tasks, which suggests that long-term excessive alcohol use negatively affects cognition. Our study does not demonstrate more severe cognitive impairment in women than in men.
authors.affiliation: a Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , The Netherlands.|b Universiteit Leiden Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen , Leiden , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Julia F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Van den Berg
authors.affiliation: a Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dogge
authors.affiliation: a Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicolien
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kist
authors.affiliation: a Parnassia Psychiatric Institute , The Hague , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rob M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.affiliation: b Universiteit Leiden Faculteit Sociale Wetenschappen , Leiden , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van der Hiele
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Alcohol dependence; cognition; elderly; gender differences; inpatients