title: 3D-MR vs. 3D-CT of the shoulder in patients with glenohumeral instability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether 3D-MR osseous reformats of the shoulder are equivalent to 3D-CT osseous reformats in patients with glenohumeral instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with glenohumeral instability, who were to be imaged with both CT and MRI, were prospectively selected. CT and MR were performed within 24 h of one another on 12 shoulders. Each MR study included an axial 3D isotropic VIBE sequence. The image data from the isotropic VIBE sequence were post-processed using subtraction and 3D software. CT data were post-processed using 3D software. The following measurements were obtained for both 3D-CT and 3D-MR post-processed images: height and width of the humeral head and glenoid, Hill-Sachs size and percent humeral head loss (if present), size of glenoid bone loss and percent glenoid bone loss (if present). Paired t-tests and two one-sided tests for equivalence were used to assess the differences between imaging modalities and equivalence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measurement differences from the 3D-CT and 3D-MR post-processed images were not statistically significant. The measurement differences for humeral height, glenoid height and glenoid width were borderline statistically significant; however, using any adjustment for multiple comparisons, this failed to be significant. Using an equivalence margin of 1 mm for measurements and 1.5% for percent bone loss, the 3D-MR and 3D-CT post-processed images were equivalent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three-dimensional-MR osseous models of the shoulder using a 3D isotropic VIBE sequence were equivalent to 3D-CT osseous models, and the differences between modalities were not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Ldstillwater@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stillwater
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maycher
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 3D osseous reconstructions; 3D osseous reformats; 3D-CT; 3D-MR; Bankart; Dislocation; Glenohumeral; Glenohumeral instability; Hill-Sachs; Instability; MRI; Osseous reconstructions; Osseous reformats; Shoulder; Shoulder dislocation