title: Occurrence of halogenated flame retardants in commercial seafood species available in European markets.
abstract: PBDEs (congeners 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 209), HBCD (α, β, γ), emerging brominated flame retardants (PBEB, HBB and DBDPE), dechloranes (Dec 602, 603, 604, syn- and anti-DP), TBBPA, 2,4,6-TBP and MeO-PBDEs (8 congeners) were analysed in commercial seafood samples from European countries. Levels were similar to literature and above the environmental quality standards (EQS) limit of the Directive 2013/39/EU for PBDEs. Contaminants were found in 90.5% of the seafood samples at n. d.-356 ng/g lw (n. d.-41.1 ng/g ww). DBDPE was not detected and 2,4,6-TBP was detected only in mussels, but at levels comparable to those of PBDEs. Mussel and seabream were the most contaminated species and the Mediterranean Sea (FAO Fishing Area 37) was the most contaminated location. The risk assessment revealed that there was no health risk related to the exposure to brominated flame retardants via seafood consumption. However, a refined risk assessment for BDE-99 is of interest in the future. Moreover, the cooking process concentrated PBDEs and HBB.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: oaaqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Òscar
authors.initials: Ò
authors.lastname: Aznar-Alemany
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: laura.trabalon@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trabalón
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ghent University, UZ 4K3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: silke.jacobs@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.affiliation: Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Avenida de Brasília, 1449-006 Lisbon, Portugal. Electronic address: vera.barbosa@ipma.pt.
authors.forename: Vera Liane
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Ctra. de Poble Nou, Km 5,5, E-43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain. Electronic address: margarita.fernandez@irta.cat.
authors.forename: Margarita Fernández
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Tejedor
authors.affiliation: Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Moerkhoej Bygade 19, DK2830 Soeborg, Denmark. Electronic address: kgra@food.dtu.dk.
authors.forename: Kit
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Granby
authors.affiliation: Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen UR, PO Box 68, 1970 AB Ijmuiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: christiaan.kwadijk@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kwadijk
authors.affiliation: LaQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: sara.cunha@ff.up.pt.
authors.forename: Sara C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: Aeiforia Srl., Località Faggiola 16, 29027 Gariga di Podenzano (Piacenza), Italy. Electronic address: federico.ferrari@aeiforia.it.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Animal Sciences Unit - Fisheries, Ankerstraat 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium. Electronic address: griet.vandermeersch@ilvo.vlaanderen.be.
authors.forename: Griet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vandermeersch
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Ghent University, UZ 4K3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Ghent University, Block B, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: isabelle.sioen@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sioen
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Economics, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: wim.verbeke@ugent.be.
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Verbeke
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: lolita.vilavert@urv.cat.
authors.forename: Lolita
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vilavert
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain. Electronic address: joseluis.domingo@urv.cat.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Domingo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: eeeqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Ethel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eljarrat
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Department of Environmental Chemistry (IDAEA-CSIC), Carrer de Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain. Electronic address: dbcqam@cid.csic.es.
authors.forename: Damià
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barceló
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe; D005399:Fishes; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis*; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis* / Q000191:economics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: 2,4,6-TBP; Effect of cooking; Margin of exposure; PBDEs; Risk assessment