title: Understanding arsenic dynamics in agronomic systems to predict and prevent uptake by crop plants.
abstract: This review is on arsenic in agronomic systems, and covers processes that influence the entry of arsenic into the human food supply. The scope is from sources of arsenic (natural and anthropogenic) in soils, biogeochemical and rhizosphere processes that control arsenic speciation and availability, through to mechanisms of uptake by crop plants and potential mitigation strategies. This review makes a case for taking steps to prevent or limit crop uptake of arsenic, wherever possible, and to work toward a long-term solution to the presence of arsenic in agronomic systems. The past two decades have seen important advances in our understanding of how biogeochemical and physiological processes influence human exposure to soil arsenic, and this must now prompt an informed reconsideration and unification of regulations to protect the quality of agricultural and residential soils.
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College, Department of Biology, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address: tracy.punshon@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Punshon
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College, Department of Earth Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address: bpj@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5HN, United Kingdom. Electronic address: aa.meharg@qub.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meharg
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College, Department of Biology, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address: Todd.M.Warczack.GR@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Warczack
authors.affiliation: USEPA Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Laboratory, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA. Electronic address: scheckel.kirk@epa.gov.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheckel
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth College, Department of Biology, 78 College Street, Hanover, NH 03755, USA. Electronic address: mary.lou.guerinot@dartmouth.edu.
authors.forename: Mary Lou
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Guerinot
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000378:metabolism*; D058441:Rhizosphere; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: Agriculture; Arsenic; Mitigation; Plants; Soil; Sources