title: Micro-filled resin infiltration of fissure caries lesions in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate three treatment modalities [infiltrant resin (IR), micro-filled infiltrant resin (MFIR), infiltrant-sealant-combination (ISC)] regarding both their abilities to penetrate lesions differing in ICDAS-codes and to fill fissures and cavities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracted human molars (n=90) showing fissure caries lesions with and without cavitations were etched with 15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) that was mixed with abrasives and a 15% HCl-solution (1:1). The etching gel was rubbed for 30s within the fissure and, if eligible, within the cavity using a brush. After this pretreatment an infiltrant (Icon; DMG; IR) or an infiltrant mixed with microfillers (MFIR) was applied. ISC included the application of an infiltrant followed by a fissure sealant (Helioseal; Ivoclar Vivadent) From each tooth slices showing a non-cavitated (based on ICDAS-2) or cavitated lesion part (based on ICDAS-3/5) were prepared. Lesion (LA) and penetration areas (PA) as well as the completeness of fissure and cavity filling were analyzed using dual staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentage penetration (PP) was calculated as 100×PA/LA. PP [median (25th/75th)] did not differ significantly between IR [95 (86/100)%], MFIR [93 (62/100)%] or ISC [89 (67/97)%] (p>0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). All three materials filled about 90% of the dimensions of fissures and cavities (p>0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It can be concluded that MFIR seems to be suitable to fill fissures and cavities like a fissure sealant and that it penetrates fissure caries lesions similarly deep as the conventional infiltrant after an experimental etching regime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MFIR seems to combine advantages of the fissure sealing and the caries infiltration procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany. Electronic address: Jlausch@mailbox.org.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lausch
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Askar
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lueckel
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003750:Dental Fissures / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012117:Resins, Synthetic / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003188:Composite Resins; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; C513703:Vivadent; C578177:icon infiltrant; C059908:Helioseal; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid
keywords: Caries infiltration; ICDAS; Infiltrant; Microfiller; Occlusal lesions; Sealing