title: Associations between Both Lignan and Yogurt Consumption and Cardiovascular Risk Parameters in an Elderly Population: Observations from a Cross-Sectional Approach in the PREDIMED Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The study of dietary patterns is gaining interest. Although the health benefits of yogurt and lignans have been investigated separately, to our knowledge there are no studies on their associative effects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible association between yogurt and lignans using biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in an elderly population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between baseline dietary information and cardiovascular risk parameters using food frequency questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 7,169 Spanish participants of the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) study (elderly men and women at high cardiovascular risk) from June 2003 to June 2009.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular risk parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, body mass index, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  General linear models were used to assess the relationship between categorical variables (yogurt, total dairy intake, lignans, and yogurt plus lignans) and cardiovascular risk parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The consumption of either yogurt or lignans seems to have beneficial effects on human health, but the consumption of both showed greater improvement in some cardiovascular health parameters. Indeed, participants with a higher consumption of both yogurt and lignans showed lower total cholesterol (estimated β-coefficients=-6.18; P=0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (β=-4.92; P=0.005). In contrast, participants with lower yogurt and lignan consumption had a higher body mass index (β=0.28; P=0.007) and weight (β=1.20; P=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High lignan and yogurt consumption is associated with a better cardiovascular risk parameters profile in an elderly Mediterranean population. Further research is warranted to determine the mechanisms and consequences of this potential effect.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Creus-Cuadros
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tresserra-Rimbau
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quifer-Rada
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corella
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas-Salvadó
authors.forename: Montse
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fitó
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Estruch
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez-Gracia
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lapetra
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arós
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiol
authors.forename: Emili
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ros
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Serra-Majem
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pintó
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Canela
authors.forename: Jose Vicente
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sorli
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basora
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Rosa Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lamuela-Raventós
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015014:Yogurt
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017705:Lignans; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Lipid profile; Microbiota; Polyphenol