title: Portable nanoporous electrical biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of Troponin-T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the design, fabrication and testing of a portable, label-free biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of the cardiac Troponin-T (cTnT) from patient blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The biosensor is comprised of a nanoporous membrane integrated on to a microelectrode sensor platform for nanoconfinement effects. Charge perturbations due to antigen binding are recorded as impedance changes using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measured impedance change is used to quantitatively determine the cTnT concentration from the tested sample. We were successful in detecting and quantifying cardiac Troponin-T from a 40-patient cohort. The limit of detection was 0.01 pg/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This novel technology has promising preliminary results for rapid and sensitive detection of cTnT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nandhinee Radha
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anjan Panneer
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Selvam
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kazmierczak
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Milin Nilesh
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Shalini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prasad
keywords: Troponin-T; electrical double layer; impedance spectroscopy; nanoconfinement; nanoporous