title: In vivo Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activities of Roman Chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Today considerable number of drugs are produced from plants. Several plants with antibacterial and healing applications are used in medicine such as Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.). Wound infection is one of the most prevalent infections among infectious diseases around the world. Due to appearance of drug resistance, researchers are now paying attention to medicinal plants. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and wound healing properties of C. nobile against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vivo conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethanolic extract of C. nobile was provided using standard method. The 5% C. nobile ointment was prepared by dissolving lyophilized extract in eucerin. Forty five male rats were obtained from Ilam university. After anesthetization and wound creation, wounds were infected by P. aeruginosa. The rats were divided into three groups, group I was treated with C. nobile ointment, group II was treated with tetracycline ointment and the third group was treated with base gel as control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antibacterial and wound healing activities of C. nobile ointment were more than tetracycline ointment significantly. Our results indicated that extract of C. nobile had effective antibacterial activity and accelerated the progression of wound healing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicated that antibacterial and wound healing activities of C. nobile ointment were notable. C. nobile therapy in combination with antibiotics can also be useful because medicinal plants contents operate in synergy with antibiotics. These results revealed the value of plant extracts to control antibiotic resistant bacteria in wound infections.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.|Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kazemian
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Sobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghafourian
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Nourkhoda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sadeghifard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houshmandfar
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Badakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Asieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taji
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Aref
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shavalipour
authors.affiliation: Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mohebi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi Sedigh
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ebrahim-Saraie
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Houri
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.|Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heidari
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D031167:Chamaemelum / Q000737:chemistry*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: In vivo; Pseudomonas
  aeruginosa; antibacterial; roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile); wound healing