title: Dengue virus non-structural Protein-1 expression and associated risk factors among febrile Patients attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
abstract: Dengue is a mosquito-borne and neglected tropical viral disease that has been reported to be hyper-endemic in Nigeria. However, this is the first dengue study in Abuja.
  
  
  
  This hospital-based cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) non-structural protein-1 (NS1) antigenaemia, anti-Dengue virus IgG and their associated risk factors among febrile patients attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH), Nigeria.
  
  
  
  From May to August 2016, blood samples were individually collected from 171 consented participants. These samples were analyzed using DENV NS1 and anti-DENV IgG Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Well-structured questionnaires was used to collect sociodemographic variables of participants.
  
  
  
  Out of the 171 participants, the prevalence of Dengue virus NS1 antigenaemia and IgG seropositivity were 8.8% and 43.3%, respectively. Three (1.8%) of the patients were NS1 (+) IgG (-), 12 (7.0%) had NS1 (+) IgG (+), 62 (36.3%) were NS1 (-) IgG (+), while 97 (56.7%) of the remaining patients were NS1 (-) IgG (-). There was statistical association between DENV NS1 antigenaemia with age of patients (p=0.034), residence in proximity to waste dumpsites (p<0.0001) but not with occupation of patients (p=0.166), use of indoor insecticide sprays (p=0.4910) and presence of household artificial water containers (p=0.3650). There was statistical association between the prevalence of anti-Dengue virus IgG with occupation (p=0.0034) and education level of patients (p<0.001). However, there was no statistical association between the prevalence of anti-Dengue virus IgG with gender (p=0.4060) and residential area of patients (p=0.3896).
  
  
  
  Findings from this study revealed that DENV infection is one of the etiological agents of acute febrile illnesses in Abuja. It's recommended that Dengue testing be considered during differential diagnosis of febrile patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria. Electronic address: eedris888@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Idris Abdullahi
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Olubunmi Olajide
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Agbede
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Services, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dangana
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Marycelin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, FCT Abuja, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abubakar Shehu
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Haruna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003715:Dengue / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C082515:NS1 protein, dengue-1 virus; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: Antigenaemia; Dengue; Differential diagnosis; Risk factors