title: Relationship between maternal mindfulness and anxiety 1 month after childbirth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between maternal mindfulness and maternal anxiety 1 month after childbirth.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional design was used, featuring anonymous questionnaires that were completed between July and December 2014 at two Japanese hospitals. The participants (n = 151) completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (Japanese version) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form X (Japanese version). The data analysis was carried out by using a hierarchical multiple regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The state and trait anxiety scores showed significant relationships with mindfulness, the mother's age, and the perceived difference between the expectations of motherhood before childbirth and the reality of post-partum daily life. Furthermore, the amount of average sleep time in the past week (including naps) showed a negative association with the state anxiety score, whereas the marital relationship showed a positive association with trait anxiety. Finally, at 1 month post-partum, the mothers with greater mindfulness scores showed lower anxiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvements in mindfulness could help mothers to reduce their post-partum anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Sciences and Nursing, Department of Community Health Nursing, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D001364:Awareness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D064866:Mindfulness; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: anxiety; cross-sectional survey; maternal health; mindfulness; post-partum period