title: The LC-MS-based metabolomics of hydroxytyrosol administration in rats reveals amelioration of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Hydroxytyrosol (HT), an important component of olive fruit and olive oil, improves the signs of metabolic syndrome in rats following chronic treatment. At a dose of 20mg/kg/day, HT decreased adiposity and improved cardiovascular and liver structure and function in rats fed with a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. An untargeted metabolomics approach has been employed using both UPLC-Orbitrap and -QqTOF methods to identify the changes induced by chronic HT administration on the plasma metabolome. 31 metabolites have been found to be differentially expressed between the examined groups. HT was shown to decrease biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis, and the metabolism of linoleic acid, retinol, sphingolipids and arachidonic acid, whereas glycerolipid metabolism is up-regulated. These are plausible mechanisms for the attenuation by HT of cardiovascular, liver and metabolic changes in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet fed rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lemonakis
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition and The Hakubi Centre for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poudyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halabalaki
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsarbopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexios-Leandros
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Skaltsounis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece. Electronic address: vgikas@pharm.uoa.gr.
authors.forename: Evagelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gikas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D053858:Metabolic Networks and Pathways; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects*; D055432:Metabolomics; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Hydroxytyrosol; Metabolic pathway analysis; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolomics