title: Combination of nitric oxide and drug delivery systems: tools for overcoming drug resistance in chemotherapy.
abstract: Chemotherapeutic drugs have made significant contributions to anticancer therapy, along with other therapeutic methods including surgery and radiotherapy over the past century. However, multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells has remained as a significant obstacle in the achievement of efficient chemotherapy. Recently, there has been increasing evidence for the potential function of nitric oxide (NO) to overcome MDR. NO is an endogenous and biocompatible molecule, contrasting with other potentially toxic chemosensitizing agents that reverse MDR effects, which has raised expectations in the development of efficient therapeutics with low side effects. In particular, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems not only facilitate the delivery of multiple therapeutic agents, but also help bypass MDR pathways, which are conducive for the efficient delivery of NO and anticancer drugs, simultaneously. Therefore, this review will discuss the mechanism of NO in overcoming MDR and recent progress of combined NO and drug delivery systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Bryant C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.; Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: wjkim@postech.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Won Jong
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA. Electronic address: Shawn.Chen@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Xiaoyuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: Cancer; Chemosensitization; Multidrug resistance (MDR); Nanoparticle; Nitric oxide (NO) donor