title: Sequelae of extrapulmonary tuberculosis after treatment: Addressing patient needs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extrapulmonary disease accounts for a significant proportion of all cases of tuberculosis (TB) in endemic areas. With increasing prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the case numbers are rising; extrapulmonary involvement can be seen in >50% of patients with concurrent AIDS and TB. In both HIV-positive and HIV-negative cases, due to diagnostic difficulties, extrapulmonary disease is often recognized late and, hence, although completely curable in many cases, as far as bacterial eradication is concerned, is not without consequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequelae of extrapulmonary TB were explored through literature review. Additionally, case files of patients presenting to the TB clinics in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan were examined for sequelae during variable periods of follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sequelae of TB can be divided into: CONCLUSION: Early reliable diagnosis and anti-TB treatment, often with steroids, is essential for control of disease and prevention of complications. Patients need to be monitored clinically and supported psychologically, logistically, and socially to return to lead productive lives after extrapulmonary TB infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Electronic address: bushra.jamil@aku.edu.
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jamil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shakoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rumina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hasan
keywords: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis; Rehabilitation; Sequelae