title: Does antimicrobial lock solution reduce catheter-related infections in hemodialysis patients with central venous catheters? A Bayesian network meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study is to carry out a Bayesian network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of different antimicrobial lock solutions (ALS) for prevention of catheter-related infections (CRI) in patients with hemodialysis (HD) and ranking these ALS for practical consideration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched six electronic databases, earlier relevant meta-analysis and reference lists of included studies for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ALS for preventing episodes of CRI in patients with HD either head-to-head or against control interventions using non-ALS. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and extracted relevant information according to a predesigned extraction form. Data were analysed using the WinBUGS (V.1.4.3) and the Stata (V.13.0).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Finally, 18 studies involving 2395 patients and evaluating 9 ALS strategies were included. Network meta-analysis showed that gentamicin plus citrate (OR 0.07, 95% CrI 0.00-0.48) and gentamicin plus heparin (OR 0.04, 95% CrI 0.00-0.23) were statistically superior to heparin alone in terms of reducing CRBSI. For exit site infection and all-cause mortality, no significant difference in the intervention effect (p > 0.05) was detected for all included ALS when compared to heparin. Moreover, all ALS were similar in efficacy (p > 0.05) from each other for CRBSI, exit site infection and all-cause mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicated that gentamicin plus heparin may be selected for the prophylaxis of CRI in patients undergoing HD with CVCs. Whether this strategy will lead to antimicrobial resistance remains unclear in view of the relatively short duration of included studies. More attentions should be made regarding head-to-head comparisons of the most commonly used ALS in this field.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35, Dingxi East Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China. junz870124@163.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Rehabilitation Hospital of Gansu Province, No. 53, Dingxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, No. 35, Dingxi East Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Rongke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.|Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Section 3, Hsing-Long Road, Taipei, 116, Taiwan.|School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kee-Hsin
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Evidence-based Medicine Center of Lanzhou University, No. 199, Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China. tianjh@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062905:Central Venous Catheters / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000925:Anticoagulants; D005839:Gentamicins; D019343:Citric Acid; D006493:Heparin
keywords: Antimicrobial lock solution; Catheter-related infections; Central venous catheters; Network meta-analysis; Renal dialysis