title: Multifocal bone and bone marrow lesions in children - MRI findings.
abstract: Polyostotic bone and bone marrow lesions in children may be due to various disorders. Radiographically, lytic lesions may become apparent after loss of more than 50% of the bone mineral content. Scintigraphy requires osteoblastic activity and is not specific. MRI may significantly contribute to the correct diagnosis and management. Accurate interpretation of MRI examinations requires understanding of the normal conversion pattern of bone marrow in childhood and of the appearances of red marrow rests and hyperplasia. Differential diagnosis is wide: Malignancies include metastases, multifocal primary sarcomas and hematological diseases. Benign entities include benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, histiocytosis, infectious and inflammatory diseases, multiple stress fractures/reactions and bone infarcts/ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. mraissaki@yahoo.gr.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5281-475X
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raissaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Stelios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demetriou
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spanakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skiadas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katzilakis
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanouil G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Velivassakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Eftichia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stiakaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Karantanas
mesh_terms: D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002648:Child; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media
keywords: Bone; Bone marrow; Children; Developmental disease; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multifocal; Neoplasms; Polyostotic