title: Depression contributing to dyslipidemic cardiovascular risk in the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Triglycerides are considered an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Recent evidence relating depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) implicated triglyceride levels. We thus investigated interrelations of self-reported depression severity (Zung) and MetS-related biological measures with CVD risk estimates in MetS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  N = 101 patients fulfilling International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS from a nationwide sampled treatment cohort for MetS with familial T2DM risk or manifest T2DM in a Ukrainian governmental health care system were participants. Both laboratory and non-laboratory measures were included. Recent European cardiological SCORE system CVD risk estimates were used as outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following correlation matrix, we entered all variables into principal component analysis (PCA; 76.7% explained variance), followed by hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling (SEM). The PCA suggested a one-factor solution, where the latent variable showed highest loadings of SCORE risk estimates, triglycerides, depression severity, and pulse pressure. A comprehensive SEM was adjusted with 92.7% explained variance: overall CVD risk related to depression, pulse pressure, triglycerides, and fasting glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings in this MetS sample suggest that triglycerides and depression severity are the key variables among MetS biomarkers in cross-sectionally associating with the fatal and total SCORE risk estimates in MetS.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Lemche
authors.affiliation: Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kiev, Ukraine.
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Chaban
authors.affiliation: Section of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Box PO 69, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. erwin.lemche@kcl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0322-0530
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemche
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Biomarkers; Cohort studies; Cross-sectional design; Metabolic syndrome; National sample; SCORE; Structural equation modeling; Triglycerides; Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale