title: Comparative study on toxicity of ZnO and TiO2nanoparticles on Artemia salina: effect of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.
abstract: This study evaluated the toxicity potential of ZnO and TiO2nanoparticles under pre-UV-A irradiation and visible light condition on Artemia salina. The nanoparticle suspension was prepared in seawater medium and exposed under pre-UV-A (0.23 mW/cm2) and visible light (0.18 mW/cm2) conditions. The aggregation profiles of both nanoparticles (NPs) and dissolution of ZnO NPs under both irradiation conditions at various kinetic intervals (1, 24, 48 h) were studied. The 48-h LC50values were found to be 27.62 and 71.63 mg/L for ZnO NPs and 117 and 120.9 mg/L for TiO2NPs under pre-UV-A and visible light conditions. ZnO NPs were found to be more toxic to A. salina as compared to TiO2NPs. The enhanced toxicity was observed under pre-UV-A-irradiated ZnO NPs, signifying its phototoxicity. Accumulation of ZnO and TiO2NPs into A. salina depends on the concentration of particles and type irradiations. Elimination of accumulated nanoparticles was also evident under both irradiation conditions. Other than ZnO NPs, the dissolved Zn2+also had a significant effect on toxicity and accumulation in A. salina. Increased catalase (CAT) activity in A. salina indicates the generation of oxidative stress due to NP interaction. Thus, this study provides an understanding of the toxicity of photoreactive ZnO and TiO2NPs as related to the effects of pre-UV-A and visible light irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhuvaneshwari
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
authors.forename: Bhawana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sagar
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doshi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.affiliation: Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, India. amit.mookerjea@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-4278
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia; D002374:Catalase; D008027:Light; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012623:Seawater; D014025:Titanium / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium; D002374:Catalase; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Artemia salina; Pre-UV-A; Seawater; TiO2 nanoparticles; ZnO nanoparticles