title: Levels and determinants of tree pollen in New York City.
abstract: Exposure to allergenic tree pollen is a risk factor for multiple allergic disease outcomes. Little is known about how tree pollen levels vary within cities and whether such variation affects the development or exacerbation of allergic disease. Accordingly, we collected integrated pollen samples at uniform height at 45 sites across New York City during the 2013 pollen season. We used these monitoring results in combination with adjacent land use data to develop a land use regression model for tree pollen. We evaluated four types of land use variables for inclusion in the model: tree canopy, distributed building height (a measure of building volume density), elevation, and distance to water. When included alone in the model, percent tree canopy cover within a 0.5 km radial buffer explained 39% of the variance in tree pollen (1.9% increase in tree pollen per one-percentage point increase in tree canopy cover, P<0.0001). The inclusion of additional variables did not improve model fit. We conclude that intra-urban variation in tree canopy is an important driver of tree pollen exposure. Land use regression models can be used to incorporate spatial variation in tree pollen exposure in studies of allergic disease outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.
authors.forename: Kate R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Weinberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.affiliation: Louis Calder Center Biological Field Station, Fordham University, Armonk, New York 10504, USA.|Department of Natural Sciences, Fordham College at Lincoln Center, New York 10023, USA.
authors.forename: Guy S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York 10012, USA.
authors.forename: Iyad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kheirbek
authors.affiliation: New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Environmental Surveillance and Policy, New York 10012, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Matte
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Gina S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Lovasi
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009519:New York City; D011058:Pollen; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014197:Trees; D014505:Urban Population