title: Evaluation of immune response in challenged chickens vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agents.
abstract: Immune response of challenged chickens following previous vaccinations with Newcastle disease vaccine using gums from Cedrela odorata and Khaya senegalensis as delivery agent were evaluated. Two hundred and fifty-two one-day old chickens were divided into vaccine-gum oral (GVOR), vaccine-gum ocular (GVOC), vaccine oral (VOR), vaccine ocular (VOC), gum oral (GOR), gum ocular (GOC), No-gum-no-vaccine/challenged (NGNV/C), and No-gum-no-vaccine/unchallenged (NGNV/U) groups. They were vaccinated at days 21 & 42 and challenged at day 84. Trachea and intestinal washings were collected at intervals as well as weekly serum samples. These were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for mucosal and systemic IgG response (MA and SA). Statistical analysis was done using Omnibus one-way ANOVA. MA and SA were not different (P > 0.05) post first and second vaccination although gum-vaccine groups were marginally higher post second vaccination. Post Infection (PI), there was an early and sustained spike in both MA and SA for the GV groups especially GVOR (P < 0.05). MA and SA for the Gum alone (especially GOR) groups also spiked PI (P < 0.05). Therefore, phytogenic polymers used could be said to possess immunopotentiating property with a possible induction of immunologic memory mechanism.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.|c Center for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses (CCPZ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: V O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Oyebanji
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.|b Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.|c Center for Control and Prevention of Zoonoses (CCPZ), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: B O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Emikpe
authors.affiliation: d Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: A Oladele
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Omolade
authors.affiliation: e Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Odeniyi
authors.affiliation: f Department of Botany, Faculty of Science , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salami
authors.affiliation: g Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Osowole
authors.affiliation: a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Kasali
authors.affiliation: h Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Ibadan , Ibadan , Nigeria.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Akinboade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031587:Cedrela / Q000737:chemistry*; D002645:Chickens; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: Cedrela odorata; Khaya senegalensis; Newcastle disease; gum; immune response; vaccine