title: Comparative High-Density Linkage Mapping Reveals Conserved Genome Structure but Variation in Levels of Heterochiasmy and Location of Recombination Cold Spots in the Common Frog.
abstract: By combining 7077 SNPs and 61 microsatellites, we present the first linkage map for some of the early diverged lineages of the common frog,Rana temporaria, and the densest linkage map to date for this species. We found high homology with the published linkage maps of the Eastern and Western lineages but with differences in the order of some markers. Homology was also strong with the genome of the Tibetan frogNanorana parkeriand we found high synteny with the clawed frogXenopus tropicalisWe confirmed marked heterochiasmy between sexes and detected nonrecombining regions in several groups of the male linkage map. Contrary to the expectations set by the male heterogamety of the common frog, we did not find male heterozygosity excess in the chromosome previously shown to be linked to sex determination. Finally, we found blocks of loci showing strong transmission ratio distortion. These distorted genomic regions might be related to genetic incompatibilities between the parental populations, and are promising candidates for further investigation into the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation in the common frog.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Principado de Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain gemma.palomar@yahoo.es.|Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palomar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.
authors.forename: Freed
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Finland.|Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: Anti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasemägi
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Principado de Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.|Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuba
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Principado de Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.|Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfredo G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nicieza
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Biodiversity (University of Oviedo-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Principado de Asturias), University of Oviedo, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain.|Department of Biology of Organisms and Systems, University of Oviedo, 33006, Asturias, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003080:Cold Temperature; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005828:Genetics, Population; D016678:Genome; D023281:Genomics; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011896:Rana temporaria / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics*; D014981:Xenopus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Rana temporaria; Spanish lineages; heterochiasmy; linkage map; recombination cold spots