title: Heme Derived fromCorynebacterium glutamicum: A Potential Iron Additive for Swine and an Electron Carrier Additive for Lactic Acid Bacterial Culture.
abstract: To investigate the potential applications of bacterial heme, aminolevulinic acid synthase (HemA) was expressed in aCorynebacterium glutamicumHA strain that had been adaptively evolved against oxidative stress. The red pigment from the constructed strain was extracted and it exhibited the typical heme absorbance at 408 nm from the spectrum. To investigate the potential of this strain as an iron additive for swine, a prototype feed additive was manufactured in pilot scale by culturing the strain in a 5 ton fermenter followed by spray-drying the biomass with flour as an excipient (biomass: flour = 1:10 (w/w)). The 10% prototype additive along with regular feed was supplied to a pig, resulting in a 1.1 kg greater increase in weight gain with no diarrhea in 3 weeks as compared with that in a control pig that was fed an additive containing only flour. To verify ifC. glutamicum-synthesized heme is a potential electron carrier, lactic acid bacteria were cultured under aerobic conditions with the extracted heme. The biomasses of the aerobically grownLactococcus lactis,Lactobacillus rhamosus, andLactobacillus caseiwere 97%, 15%, and 4% greater, respectively, than those under fermentative growth conditions. As a potential preservative, cultures of the four strains of lactic acid bacteria were stored at 4°C with the extracted heme and living lactic acid bacterial cells were counted. There were moreL. lactisandL. plantarumlive cells when stored with heme, whereasL. rhamosusandL. caseishowed no significant differences in live-cell numbers. The potential uses of the heme fromC. glutamicumare further discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon Gyeonggi 14662, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Su-In
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon Gyeonggi 14662, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jihoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon Gyeonggi 14662, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Pil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048230:Corynebacterium glutamicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004583:Electrons; D005503:Food Additives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005503:Food Additives; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006418:Heme; D007501:Iron
keywords: Bacterial heme; C. glutamicum; GRAS; electron carrier; iron additive; lactic acid bacteria