title: Detection of goat body fat adulteration in pure ghee using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric strategy.
abstract: Ghee forms an important component of the diet of human beings due to its rich flavor and high nutritive value. This high priced fat is prone to adulteration with cheaper fats. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics was applied for determining the presence of goat body fat in ghee (@1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20% level in the laboratory made/spiked samples). The spectra of pure (ghee and goat body fat) and spiked samples were taken in the wavenumber range of 4000-500 cm-1. Separated clusters of pure ghee and spiked samples were obtained on applying principal component analysis at 5% level of significance in the selected wavenumber range (1786-1680, 1490-919 and 1260-1040 cm-1). SIMCA was applied for classification of samples and pure ghee showed 100% classification efficiency. The value of R2was found to be >0.99 for calibration and validation sets using partial least square method at all the selected wavenumber range which indicate that the model was well developed. The study revealed that the spiked samples of goat body fat could be detected even at 1% level in ghee.
authors.affiliation: Dairy Technology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001 India.
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Upadhyay
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Structures and Environmental Control Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Postharvest Engineering and Technology (CIPHET), Ludhiana, 141004 India.
authors.forename: Pranita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research (HQ), New Delhi, 110012 India.
authors.forename: Shyam Narayan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Jha
keywords: ATR-FTIR; Goat body fat; Partial least square; Principal component analysis; Pure mixed ghee; Spike