title: Phytosanitary Treatments Against Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae): Current Situation and Future Prospects.
abstract: Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is arguably the most important tephritid attacking fruits after Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). In 2003 it was found in Africa and quickly spread to most of the sub-Saharan part of the continent, destroying fruits and creating regulatory barriers to their export. The insect is causing new nutritional and economic losses across Africa, as well as the losses it has caused for decades in infested areas of Asia, New Guinea, and Hawaii. This new panorama represents a challenge for fruit exportation from Africa. Phytosanitary treatments are required to export quarantined commodities out of infested areas to areas where the pest does not exist and could become established. This paper describes current phytosanitary treatments against B. dorsalis and their use throughout the world, the development of new treatments based on existing research, and recommendations for further research to provide phytosanitary solutions to the problem.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dohino
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Guy J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.affiliation: Citrus Research International, Nelspruit, South Africa.
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Grout
authors.affiliation: School of Earth, Environmental, and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
authors.forename: Anthony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U. S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Follett
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique.
authors.forename: Domingos R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Cugala
authors.affiliation: Plant Quarantine Diagnostic Center, Plant Protection Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
authors.forename: Duong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minh Tu
authors.affiliation: Pest Forecasting Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Karawang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Wayan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Murdita
authors.affiliation: Programa Moscafrut (SAGARPA-SENASICA), Tapachula, Mexico.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.affiliation: Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: USDA-APHIS Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Otis Laboratory, Buzzards Bay, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Myers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005651:Fumigation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000145:classification
keywords: Bactrocera invadens; cold treatment; heat treatment; oriental fruit fly; quarantine treatment