title: Children and adolescent physical activity participation and enjoyment during active play.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Girls' (9-19 years) participation in physical activity (PA) is known to decrease at a faster rate than boys. A reduction in PA attractiveness (enjoyment) and lower psychosocial profile of girls approaching biological maturity may underlie the decreasing rate of PA participation. Since engaging children in active play programs improves health related quality of life indictors and enjoyment levels; the purposes of this study were to: 1) assess psychosocial status and PA attractiveness/enjoyment of boys and girls to an eight-week active play program; and 2) investigate the relationships among PA participation, psychosocial status and PA attractiveness with both age and maturity status for boys and girls following an active play PA program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three children (age 9.8±1.3 years; weight 43.1±13.4 kg; BMI 20.8±3.2 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in an active play program for 8 weeks (4x/week; 1hr/d). M-S estimates ranged from -6.7 to -2.5 years away from biological maturity Daily program PA was assessed and compared to pre-post measures of psychosocial functioning and PA attractiveness. Statistical procedures were performed using ANOVA and/or Pearson's correlation r (SPSS v. 22.0) with P=0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PA participation in the active play program showed a group average of 39±11% time spent in moderate-vigorous PA (%MVPA) with boys averaging 45% MVPA and girls averaging 30% MVPA (P<0.05). PA attractiveness scores for boys did not change following the program; whereas girls improved from 67±13% to 76±9% (P<0.05). Minimal changes were noted for the health-related quality of life measures as a result of the PA program. Comparing PA attractiveness to %MVPA, 80% of girls reporting positive changes or no change; in contrast 56% of boys responded with negative/less PA attractiveness. PA attractiveness for all children was negatively associated with age (r=-0.19) and/or M-S (r=-0.29). The relationships, however, were gender specific with boys exhibiting a coefficient of -0.28 (age) and -0.61 (M-S) (P<0.05). For girls, increased PA attractiveness promoted less decline in %MVPA for M-S (r=0.18) compared to age (r=-0.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For girls, approaching biological maturity, PA enjoyment/attractiveness can be positively influenced with an active play program, which is a major consideration promoting PA participation in girls but not boys.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Asal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moghaddaszadeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Yasamin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Exercise Science Laboratory, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada - anbelcas@yorku.ca.
authors.forename: Angelo N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Belcastro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors