title: Mitigation of enniatins in edible fish tissues by thermal processes and identification of degradation products.
abstract: Emerging mycotoxins, such as enniatins and beauvericin, are common contaminants in vegetal matrices, but recently, the occurrence of mycotoxins in foodstuffs from animal origin has been also reported as they can be present in edible tissues of animals fed with contaminated feedstuffs. Sea bass, sea bream, Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout from aquaculture analyzed in the present survey showed contamination by emerging Fusarium mycotoxins enniatins (ENs). ENs were extracted from raw and cooked fish with acetonitrile and analyzed by Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. In this study, the stability of ENs was evaluated during food processing by the application of different cooking methods (broiling, boiling, microwaving and baking treatments). All treated samples showed a reduction in mycotoxin levels with different percentages depending on the type of EN and the fish species. Thus, the reduction obtained ranged from 30 to 100%. The thermal treatments have shown to be a good strategy to mitigate ENs content in edible fish tissues. On the other hand, some ENs degradation products originated during the application of thermal treatments were identified.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tolosa
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Font
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mañes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Avenue Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain. Electronic address: emilia.ferrer@uv.es.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003296:Cooking; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000737:chemistry*; D005399:Fishes; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D009183:Mycotoxins; C100264:enniatins
keywords: Enniatins; Fish; Liquid chromatography; Mitigation strategies; Thermal treatments