title: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Testing Among Pregnant Women, United States 2014.
abstract: Post-exposure prophylaxis administered to infants shortly after birth prevents approximately 90% of cases of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that all pregnant women be tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at an early prenatal visit during each pregnancy to detect active infection with HBV. This study sought to determine the proportion and characteristics of pregnant women tested\not tested according to Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations.
  
  
  
  We analyzed MarketScan databases to assess prenatal HBsAg testing among women with commercial and Medicaid health care coverage according to demographic and clinical characteristics. Pregnant women 15-44 years of age continuously enrolled in a health plan in the MarketScan database during 2013 and 2014 and with a live birth in 2014 were included.
  
  
  
  Among commercially insured women, 239,955 (87.7%) received HBsAg testing and 59.6% were tested during their first trimester. Among Medicaid-enrolled women, 57,268 (83.6%) received HBsAg testing and 39.4% were tested during their first trimester. Among women with high risk pregnancies, HBsAg testing occurred in 87.3% of those with commercial insurance and 84.8% with Medicaid. Testing also varied by maternal age; among women with commercial insurance, testing was greatest among women 26-44 years of age, and among women with Medicaid, testing was greatest among younger women (15-25 years). Testing was lowest among women residing in the Northeast (commercial insurance only).
  
  
  
  Prenatal HBsAg testing identifies HBV-infected pregnant women so their infants can receive timely immunoprophylaxis. Efforts to optimize HBsAg testing among all pregnant women are needed to further prevent perinatal HBV transmission.
authors.affiliation: From the *Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; and †Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Maureen S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kolasa
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fenlon
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schillie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D019458:Insurance Coverage / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D050498:Live Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D056990:Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens