title: A Comparison of Physical Education Students' Motivation Using Polish and Turkish Versions of the Academic Motivation Scale.
abstract: Motivation is an important phenomenon in the realm of education, particularly in the university fields connected with physical education and sport, where it is necessary to accommodate and balance intellectual abilities and physical fitness. The present study tested motivation levels among university students in the fields connected with physical education and sport in Poland and Turkey. It was based on the Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985), namely intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and amotivation which impact human behaviour. The Academic Motivation Scale was used (Vallerand et al., 1992). The aims of the study were twofold, first, to crossculturally validate Polish and Turkish versions of the Academic Motivation Scale and second, to identify and compare the motivation to study depending on nationality and gender. Both Polish and Turkish versions of the questionnaire were validated and converted to a four-factorial structure. The findings indicated that Polish and Turkish students' motivation especially differed in amotivation and intrinsic motivation to know and experience stimulation. Moreover, Turkish female students proved to be at the lowest estimate of amotivation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardeńska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Rajmund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tomik
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berber
authors.affiliation: Tourism Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Düz
authors.affiliation: Tourism Faculty, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Barış
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Çivak
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Tourism, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Uğur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Çalişkan
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Physical Education, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogrodnik
keywords: extrinsic motivation; intrinsic motivation; physical education and sport