title: Anesthesia Management in Patients With Choanal Atresia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, the anaesthetic management of newborn and infant patients who underwent surgery for choanal atresia between 2009 and 2016 is discussed in the light of recently published literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diagnoses, demographic data, anaesthetic risk and duration, additional anomalies, airway management, and complications that arose in 41 patients with choanal atresia who were operated on between 2009 and 2016 were evaluated retrospectively by examining their medical and anaesthesia records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I-bilateral choanal atresia and Group II-unilateral choanal atresia. Of the 41 patients included in the study, 24 (58.53%) were in the bilateral group, and 17 (41.46%) were in the unilateral group. Fifteen (34.1%) of the patients were male, and 26 (59.1%) of the patients were female. The mean age of the 24 patients in Group I was 25.86 days (3-72), and the mean age of the 17 patients in Group II was 171.08 days (81-365). Additional congenital anomalies were present in 13 of the patients in the bilateral choanal atresia group and 3 of the patients in the unilateral choanal atresia group.Seven patients from Groups I and 2 patients from Group II were determined to have difficult airways. The laryngoscopic images from these patients were classified as grades 3 and 4 according to the Cormack-Lehane classification system. When the durations of anesthesia in the groups were compared, the duration of anesthesia in Group I was found to be significantly longer (Table 3). Anesthesia-related complications were observed in 9 patients (37.5%) from the bilateral choanal atresia group and in 4 patients (2.3%) from the unilateral atresia group. Steroids were used as prophylactics in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Congenital anomalies and their associated risks, as well as intubation and ventilation problems and the complications that might arise, must be considered in addition to anesthetic management when repairing choanal atresia in newborn and infant patients.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation†Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir‡Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep Baysal
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akdağ
authors.forename: Feyzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Çelik
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baysal
mesh_terms: D058109:Airway Management / Q000379:methods; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D002754:Choanal Atresia / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods; D020704:Laryngoscopes; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies