title: II. Species sensitivity distributions based on biomarkers and whole organism responses for integrated impact and risk assessment criteria.
abstract: The aim of this paper is to bridge gaps between biomarker and whole organism responses related to oil based offshore discharges. These biomarker bridges will facilitate acceptance criteria for biomarker data linked to environmental risk assessment and translate biomarker results to higher order effects. Biomarker based species sensitivity distributions (SSDbiomarkers) have been constructed for relevant groups of biomarkers based on laboratory data from oil exposures. SSD curves express the fraction of species responding to different types of biomarkers. They have been connected to SSDs for whole organism responses (WORs) constructed in order to relate the SSDbiomarkersto animal fitness parameters that are commonly used in environmental risk assessment. The resulting SSD curves show that biomarkers and WORs can be linked through their potentially affected fraction of species (PAF) distributions, enhancing the capability to monitor field parameters with better correlation to impact and risk assessment criteria and providing improved chemical/biological integration.
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; University of Stavanger, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: steinar.sanni@iris.no.
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanni
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lyng
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; University of Stavanger, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pampanin
authors.affiliation: Shell Global Solutions International BV, PO Box 60, 2280 AB, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mathijs G D
authors.initials: MGD
authors.lastname: Smit
mesh_terms: D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000502:physiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D010578:Petroleum / Q000032:analysis*; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010578:Petroleum
keywords: Biomarker; Biomonitoring; Environmental impact; Petroleum hydrocarbons; Risk assessment; Species sensitivity distribution; Whole organism responses