title: The OsHAPL1-DTH8-Hd1 complex functions as the transcription regulator to repress heading date in rice.
abstract: Heading date is an important agronomic trait related to crop yield. Many genes related to heading date have already been identified in rice (Oryza sativa), and a complicated, preliminary regulatory genetic network has also already been established, but the protein regulatory network is poorly understood. We have identified a novel heading date regulator, Heme Activator Protein like 1 (OsHAPL1), which inhibits flowering under long-day conditions. OsHAPL1 is a nuclear-localized protein that is highly expressed in leaves in a rhythmic manner. OsHAPL1 can physically interact with Days To Heading on chromosome 8 (DTH8), which physically interacts with Heading date 1 (Hd1) both in vitro and in vivo. OsHAPL1 forms a complex with DTH8 and Hd1 in Escherichia coli. OsHAPL1, DTH8, and Hd1 physically interact with the HAP complex, and also with general transcription factors in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Further studies showed that OsHAPL1 represses the expression of the florigen genes and FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1) and Hd3a through Early heading date 1 (Ehd1). We propose that OsHAPL1 functions as a transcriptional regulator and, together with DTH8, Hd1, the HAP complex, and general transcription factors, regulates the expression of target genes and then affects heading date by influencing the expression of Hd3a and RFT1 through Ehd1.
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiachang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Maohong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Fuqing
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Chaonan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Peike
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiulin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Cailin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Chuanyin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Haiyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China.|National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: DTH8; Ehd1; HAP; Hd1; Hd3a; Oryza sativa; OsHAPL1; heading date; RFT1