title: Reliability and validity of the Finnish version of the motor observation questionnaire for teachers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Observational screening instruments are often used as an effective, economical first step in the identification of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). The aim was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Finnish version of the Motor Observation Questionnaire for Teachers (MOQ-T-FI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The psychometric properties were tested using two separate samples (S1: age range 6-12, M 9y 5mo, females 101, males 92; S2: age range 6-9, M 7y 7mo, females 404, males 446). Teachers completed the MOQ-T-FI in both samples, and in sample 2 teachers' ratings were compared to student's performance on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2). Internal consistency was investigated by using Cronbach's alpha, predictive validity by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, concurrent validity by correlation analysis, and construct validity by factor analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MOQ-T-FI behaves consistently with its original Dutch version. The internal consistency was excellent (α=0.97). The bifactor model, with one general factor and two specific factors, fit the data significantly better than the first-order model. The concurrent validity with the MABC-2 was moderate (r=0.37 p<0.001). Sensitivity was 82.5% and specificity 44.5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Notwithstanding the low specificity the MOQ-T-FI can be considered as a promising screening tool in the school environment for Finnish children at risk of motor learning problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: piritta.asunta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Asunta
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, Special Education Unit, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viholainen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahonen
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Educational Needs and Youth Care, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantell
authors.affiliation: Niilo Mäki Institute, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westerholm
authors.affiliation: University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Centre for Human Movement Sciences, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.affiliation: Department of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rintala
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D000070777:School Teachers; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards
keywords: DCD; MOQ-T; Psychometric properties; Reliability; Screening; Validity