title: Confocal/two-photon microscopy in studying colonisation of cancer cells in bone using xenograft mouse models.
abstract: Confocal and two-photon microscopy has been widely used in bone research to not only produce high quality, three-dimensional images but also to provide valuable structural and quantitative information. In this article, we describe step-by-step protocols for confocal and two-photon microscopy to investigate earlier cellular events during colonisation of cancer cells in bone using xenograft mouse models. This includes confocal/two-photon microscopy imaging of paraformaldehyde fixed thick bone sections and frozen bone samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Allocca
authors.affiliation: Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Anjali P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kusumbe
authors.affiliation: Integrative Skeletal Physiology group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Du Cane Road, London, UK.
authors.forename: Saravana K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, The University of Sheffield , Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang