title: Effect of polymyxin resistance (pmr) on biofilm formation of Cronobacter sakazakii.
abstract: Cronobacter sakazakii (C.sakazakii) has been identified as a wide-spread conditioned pathogen associated with series of serious illnesses, such as neonatal meningitis, enterocolitis, bacteremia or sepsis. As food safety is concerned, microbial biofilm has been considered to be a potential source of food contamination. The current study aims to investigate the ability of biofilm formation of two C. sakazakii strains (wild type BAA 894 and pmrA mutant). Crystal violet (CV), XTT (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino carbonyl)-2H-(tetrazolium hydroxide)] assays, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are performed on different time points during biofilm formation of C. sakazakii strains. Furthermore, RNA-seq strategy is utilized and the transcriptome data is analyzed to study the expression of genes related to biofilm formation along with whole genome sequencing. For biomass, in the first 24 h, pmrA mutant produced approximately 5 times than wildtype. However, the wild type exhibited more biomass than pmrA mutant during the post maturation stage (7-14 d). In addition, the wildtype showed higher viability than pmrA mutant during the whole biofilm formation. This study represents the first evidence on the biofilm formation of C. sakazakii pmrA mutant, which may further aid in the prevention and control for the food contamination caused by C. sakazakii.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Xuerui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Lequn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chii-Wann
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Dingqiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. Electronic address: Yanyanli1123@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yanyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: zhenbo.xu@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Zhenbo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shirtliff
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018533:Biomass; D044083:Cronobacter sakazakii / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D050296:Microbial Viability; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009154:Mutation; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D059467:Transcriptome / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria
keywords: Biofilm formation; Cronobacter sakazakii; Genome; Transcriptome