title: Identification and Quantification of Potential Anti-inflammatory Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides from Wolfberry.
abstract: Wolfberry or Goji berry, the fruit of Lycium barbarum, exhibits health-promoting properties that leads to an extensive study of their active components. We synthesized a set of hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HCCA) compounds, including trans-caffeic acid, trans-ferulic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid, with extended phenolic amine components as standards to identify and quantify the corresponding compounds from wolfberry and to investigate anti-inflammatory properties of these compounds using in vitro model. With optimized LC-MS/MS and NMR analysis, nine amide compounds were identified from the fruits. Seven of these compounds were identified in this plant for the first time. The amide compounds with a tyramine moiety were the most abundant. In vitro studies indicated that five HCCA compounds showed inhibitory effect on NO production inuded by lipopolysaccharides with IC50less than 15.08 μM (trans-N-feruloyl dopamine). These findings suggested that wolfberries demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Siyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States.
authors.forename: Joon Hyuk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.affiliation: Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University , 164 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Food Science and Human Nutrition, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida , 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, United States.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-270X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Rutgers University , 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.
authors.forename: Chi-Tang
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D060326:Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D032305:Lycium / Q000737:chemistry*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014439:Tyramine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C000995:3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004999:ferulic acid; D014439:Tyramine
keywords: Lycium barbarum; anti-inflammation; hydroxycinnamic acid amides; organic synthesis; wolfberries