title: Development of clinical simultaneous SPECT/MRI.
abstract: There is increasing clinical use of combined positron emission tomography and MRI, but to date there has been no clinical system developed capable of simultaneous single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI. There has been development of preclinical systems, but there are several challenges faced by researchers who are developing a clinical prototype including the need for the system to be compact and stationary with MRI-compatible components. The limited work in this area is described with specific reference to the Integrated SPECT/MRI for Enhanced stratification in Radio-chemo Therapy (INSERT) project, which is at an advanced stage of developing a clinical prototype. Issues of SPECT/MRI compatibility are outlined and the clinical appeal of such a system is discussed, especially in the management of brain tumour treatment.
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7481-0952
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Hutton
authors.affiliation: 2 Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano and Instituto Nacionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Occhipinti
authors.affiliation: 3 MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuehne
authors.affiliation: 4 CROmed Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.|5 Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Domokos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Máthé
authors.affiliation: 4 CROmed Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Noémi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovács
authors.affiliation: 3 MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Helmar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waiczies
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erlandsson
authors.affiliation: 1 Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.
authors.forename: Debora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salvado
authors.affiliation: 2 Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano and Instituto Nacionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carminati
authors.affiliation: 2 Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano and Instituto Nacionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Montagnani
authors.affiliation: 6 Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Susan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Medical-Surgical Pathophysiology and Transplants, University of Milan, Italy.|8 Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Council of Research (CNR), Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ottobrini
authors.affiliation: 9 Nuclear Fields, Vortum-Mullem, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Mullekom
authors.affiliation: 10 Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piemonte
authors.affiliation: 11 Mediso Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bukki
authors.affiliation: 11 Mediso Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nyitrai
authors.affiliation: 11 Mediso Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.affiliation: 11 Mediso Ltd, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Kalman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.affiliation: 3 MRI.TOOLS GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Thoralf
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niendorf
authors.affiliation: 12 Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Francesco
authors.affiliation: 2 Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano and Instituto Nacionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiorini
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media