title: The effect of d-galactose induced oxidative stress on in vitro redox homeostasis in rat plasma and erythrocytes.
abstract: We, herein, investigated the in vitro effects of galactose on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), total sulfhydryl content, and on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the blood of 30- and 60-day-old rats. We also determined the influence of the antioxidants, trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione, on the effects elicited by galactose on the parameters tested. Galactose was added to the assay at final concentrations of 0.1, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0mM. Control experiments were performed without the addition of galactose. Rats were sacrificed by decapitation without anesthesia and a blood sample was removed for analysis. Galactose, at 3.0mM, 5.0mM and 10.0mM, enhanced TBA-RS in the plasma of 60-day-old rats, while 10.0mM galactose reduced total sulfhydryl content in the plasma of 30-day-old rats; 5.0mM and 10.0mM galactose enhanced CAT activity in the erythrocytes of 30- and 60-day-old rats and 10.0mM galactose reduced SOD activity in the erythrocytes of 60-day-old rats. Galactose did not alter BuChE activity. Data showed that at the pathologically high concentration (greater than 5.0mM), galactose induces lipid peroxidation, reduces total sulfhydryl content and alters antioxidant defenses in the blood of rats. Trolox, ascorbic acid and glutathione addition prevented most alterations in oxidative stress parameters that were caused by galactose. Our findings lend support to a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease, which may include the use of antioxidants for ameliorating the damage caused by galactose.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil. Electronic address: daniela.delwing@univille.br.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delwing-de Lima
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silmara Brietzig
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Hennrich
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga,140,CEP 89012-900, Blumenau, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Débora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delwing-Dal Magro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Gruenwaldt Maia
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Aurélio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Serpa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thierry Waltrich
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Augusto
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade da Região de Joinville, UNIVILLE, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 10-Zona Industrial Norte, CEP 89201-972, Joinville, SC, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nariana Regina
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005690:Galactose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D005690:Galactose
keywords: Antioxidants; Erythrocytes; Galactose; Oxidative stress; Plasma; Rats; in vitro