title: The emerging role of interleukin (IL)-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a key role in the pathogenesis and thereafter in the search for specific treatments of different inflammatory and degenerative eye diseases. Indeed, an overactivity of IL-1 might be an initiating factor for many immunopathologic sceneries in the eye, as proven by the efficacy of the specific IL-1 blockade in different ocular diseases. For instance, the uveitis in monogenic autoinflammatory disorders, such as Blau syndrome and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, or in complex polygenic autoinflammatory disorders, such as Behçet's disease, has been successfully treated with IL-1 blockers. Similarly, therapy with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra has proven successful also in scleritis and episcleritis in the context of different rheumatic conditions. Moreover, interesting findings deriving from animal models of ocular disease have set a rational basis from a therapeutic viewpoint to manage patients also with dry eye disease and a broadening number of ocular inflammatory and degenerative conditions, which start from an imbalance between IL-1 and its receptor antagonist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano MI, Italy. claudia.fabiani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fabiani
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sota
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Gian Marco
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tosi
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franceschini
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frediani
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galeazzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigante
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. cantariniluca@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cantarini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D056660:Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015423:Scleritis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D014605:Uveitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; C453881:NLRP3 protein, human
keywords: Diabetic retinopathy; Dry-eye; Keratitis; Macular degeneration; Scleritis; Uveitis