title: Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes and the risk of colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and proteins encoded by the genes CYP27B2 and CYP24A1 involved in the production and inactivation of vitamin D can influence vitamin D and the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the risk of CRC and polymorphisms in VDR, CYP27B1 and CYP24A1, lifestyle and dietary habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 152 patients with CRC and 321 controls. All participants answered a questionnaire on their dietary habits, alcohol consumption and smoking habits. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Polymorphisms of BsmI and ApaI were identified by performing PCR-RFLP. Identification of CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552 and rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) polymorphisms was performed by gene sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smoking, alcohol use, and low or no consumption of fruit, cereals and dairy products were associated with an increased risk of CRC. A heterozygous genotype Aa or an association genotype aa + Aa of the VDR ApaI polymorphism increased the risk of CRC. The VDR BsmI polymorphism was not significantly associated with the risk of CRC. Multivariate analysis showed that heterozygous and association genotype AT + AA of the rs6013897 polymorphism, genotype CT of the rs158552 polymorphism, association genotype CT + CC and genotypes AA and GG of the rs17217119 polymorphism of CYP24A1, and heterozygous genotype GT and association genotype GT + TT of the rs10877012 polymorphism in CYP27B1 were associated with a higher risk of CRC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary habits, lifestyle, and polymorphisms in VDR (ApaI), CYP24A1 (rs6013897, rs158552, rs17217119) and CYP27B1 (rs10877012) were associated with a higher risk of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Verônica Marques
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Vidigal
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago Donizetti
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Célia Aparecida Marques
authors.initials: CAM
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Aledson Vitor
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Gastroenterology Department, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo - Brazil.
authors.forename: Nora Manoukian
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Forones
mesh_terms: D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000235:genetics; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; C579457:VDR protein, human; D014807:Vitamin D; C585549:CYP24A1 protein, human; D065668:Vitamin D3 24-Hydroxylase; D015090:25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-Hydroxylase; C000600378:CYP27B1 protein, human