title: Prior Dietary Practices and Connections to a Human Gut Microbial Metacommunity Alter Responses to Diet Interventions.
abstract: Ensuring that gut microbiota respond consistently to prescribed dietary interventions, irrespective of prior dietary practices (DPs), is critical for effective nutritional therapy. To address this, we identified DP-associated gut bacterial taxa in individuals either practicing chronic calorie restriction with adequate nutrition (CRON) or without dietary restrictions (AMER). When transplanted into gnotobiotic mice, AMER and CRON microbiota responded predictably to CRON and AMER diets but with variable response strengths. An individual's microbiota is connected to other individuals' communities ("metacommunity") by microbial exchange. Sequentially cohousing AMER-colonized mice with two different groups of CRON-colonized mice simulated metacommunity effects, resulting in enhanced responses to a CRON diet intervention and changes in several metabolic features in AMER animals. This response was driven by an influx of CRON DP-associated taxa. Certain DPs may impair responses to dietary interventions, necessitating the introduction of diet-responsive bacterial lineages present in other individuals and identified using the strategies described.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Nicholas W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Philip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.affiliation: Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ilkayeva
authors.affiliation: Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Newgard
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University Medical School, Brescia, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli 80145, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: jgordon@wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Jeffrey I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004032:Diet; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000235:genetics*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice