title: TFPI-2 expression is decreased in bladder cancer and is related to apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to study the role of TFPI-2 in bladder cancer and its relation with apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of TFPI- 2 and TUNEL were applied. By semiquantitative analysis of the IHC data, we compared the TFPI-2 expression with clinicopathological parameters of 24 bladder cancer samples. TUNEL assay was used to study the apoptotic level of bladder cancer cells. Also, quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to confirm IHC results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of TFPI-2 decreased with progression of bladder cancer grade (p<0.001) and tumor stage (p<0.001). Also, TFPI-2 expression was not significantly decreased in smaller and single tumors (p=0.536 and p=0.378, respectively). Increased TFPI-2 expression was significantly correlated with increased apoptosis (p<0.001). Lower TFPI-2 was also correlated with lower Ki67 index but not with TP53 positivity (p=0.003 and p=0.195, respectively). Expression of TFPI-2 detected by IHC was consistent with that detected by Western blotting and PCR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TFPI-2 expression was decreased in bladder cancer. TFPI-2 expression was decreased with progression in tumor grade and stage and was correlated to decreased apoptosis. Our findings indicated that TFPI-2 could be a marker of bladder cancer and enhancement of TFPI-2 could combat bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Chenchen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Yatfaat
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Chuanyu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D047368:Tumor Burden; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C021240:tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor 2