title: Degradation and Microbial Uptake of C60Fullerols in Contrasting Agricultural Soils.
abstract: The environmental fate of functionalized carbon nanomaterials (CNM) remains poorly understood. Using13C-labeled nanomaterial we present the results of a study investigating the mineralization and microbial uptake of surface-functionalized C60(fullerols) in agricultural soils with contrasting properties. Soil microcosms rapidly mineralized fullerol C, as determined by13C-content in the respired CO2, with higher fullerol mineralization in an organic, clay-rich soil versus a silty, low C soil (∼56.3% vs ∼30.9% fullerol C mineralized over 65 days). By tracking the enriched13C from fullerol into microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) we also report, for the first time, the incorporation of nanomaterial-derived C into soil microbial biomass, primarily by fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. While more fullerol C was incorporated into PLFA in the organic C-rich soil (0.77% vs 0.19% of PLFA C), this soil incorporated fullerol C into biomass less efficiently than the silty, low C soil (0.13% and 0.84% of assimilated fullerol C, respectively). These results demonstrate that, in contrast to pristine C60, surface functionalized C60are unlikely to accumulate in surface soils and are readily mineralized by a range of soil microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7250-5065
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Filley
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Clavijo
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff Gray
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turco
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002244:Carbon