title: Iron (II, III) oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite as solid-phase extraction sorbent followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of zearalenone and type A trichothecenes in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen).
abstract: For the first time, a reliable solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure using iron (II, III) oxide (Fe3O4)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite as sorbents was proposed for purification and enrichment of zearalenone (ZEA) and four type A trichothecenes (T-2 toxin (T-2), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), neosolaniol (NEO) and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS)) in Salviae miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). The Fe3O4/MWCNT composite was synthesized by assembling Fe3O4with MWCNT by sonication through an "aggregation wrap" mechanism and several key parameters affecting the performance of SPE procedure such as the composition of sample loading solutions, washing and elution solvents were thoroughly investigated. After optimization, 2% acetonitrile aqueous solution as the loading solution, 5% methanol aqueous solution as the washing solution and acetone containing 0.5% formic acid as the elution solvent presented an excellent purification efficiency for the five targets in Danshen. Under the optimal sample pretreatment conditions followed by analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, satisfactory linearity (R2≥0.991), high sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 1.20-4.80μgkg-1), good recovery (73.7-91.9%) and acceptable precision (RSD, 2.1-13.3%) were obtained. The applicability of the validated method was further verified in real Salviae miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma samples.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Keqiu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lianjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
authors.forename: Zhihui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China. Electronic address: yjwu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yongjiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China. Electronic address: hanzheng_ok@163.com.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005561:Formates / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D027561:Salvia miltiorrhiza / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D005561:Formates; D009183:Mycotoxins; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D014255:Trichothecenes; D014867:Water; C030544:formic acid; D000096:Acetone; C028972:dan-shen root extract; C000499:ferric oxide; D015025:Zearalenone; C016009:neosolaniol; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C012351:HT-2 toxin; C001809:diacetoxyscirpenol; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile
keywords: Iron (II, III) oxide/multi-walled carbon nanotube composite; Salviae miltiorrhiza Radix et Rhizoma; Solid-phase extraction; Type A trichothecenes; Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; Zearalenone