title: Definitive screening design applied to electrochemical degradation of Chromotrope 2R with BDD anodes.
abstract: Here, a novel three-level definitive screening design (DSD) was initially employed to investigate the electrochemical degradation of Chromotrope 2R (C2R) with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes. Experiments were performed using a synthetic C2R solution containing five supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaCl, Na3PO4, NaNO3and Na2CO3). The effects of nine quantitative parameters on C2R removal rate: initial C2R concentration (50-100 mg L-1), applied current density (1.29-3.87 mA cm-2), Na2SO4concentration (0-10 mM), NaCl concentration (0-10 mM), Na3PO4concentration (0-10 mM), NaNO3concentration (0-10 mM), Na2CO3concentration (0-10 mM), flow rate (300-500 mL min-1) and temperature (10-50 °C), were investigated. The model obtained was validated and used to select three most significant variables for further investigation. Interestingly, the differing roles of electrolytes during the electrolysis revealed the ion-selective nature of BDD anode system. A five-level central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was then employed to describe the C2R conversion as a function of applied current density, NaCl concentration and temperature. The results obtained confirmed the strong capability of DSD to separate and identify the significant variables in BDD technology. Moreover, the strategy (DSD plus CCRD) employed here enabled a significant reduction in the number of experiments (from over 500 to only 38) compared to traditional screening methods. The possible degradation mechanism of C2R in BDD anode cells was also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoming
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
authors.forename: Zhefeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Suzhou Academy of Southeast University, Dushuhu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. Electronic address: zhangchy@njau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chunyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Suzhou Academy of Southeast University, Dushuhu Lake Higher Education Town, Suzhou 215123, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
authors.forename: Degang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D001895:Boron / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C070620:chromotrope 2R; D018130:Diamond; D001895:Boron
keywords: Boron-doped diamond; Central composite rotatable design; Chromotrope 2R; Definitive screening design; Electrochemical oxidation