title: Colostrum proinflammatory cytokines as biomarkers of bovine immune response to bovine tuberculosis (bTB).
abstract: Bovine colostrum contains compounds, which provide passive immune protection from mother to newborn calves. Little is known about cytokine levels and their role in bovine colostrum. Moreover, the capacity of bovine colostrum cells to mount specific immune responses after natural exposure to bovine tuberculosis (bTB) antigens in dairy herds has not been studied, thus far. The purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers for bTB infection measurable in bovine colostrum. The present study reveals that isolated-immune colostrum cells can mount a specific immune response against bTB antigens, by measuring the novo IFN-γ release in cell culture. We found that IFN-γ levels in the responders (Bov+) to bTB antigen were higher than in non-responders (Bov-). On the other hand, proinflammatory cytokines contained in colostrum's whey were tested in Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) reactor (TST+) and non-reactor (TST-) animals to assess their potential role as biomarker. We observed that IFN-γ levels were lower or undetectable, as opposed to IL4 levels were measurable, the TNF-α level was higher in TST-than TST+, while IL-6 levels showed the opposite reaction and with no statistical significance. Moreover, IL-1α mRNA expression levels were higher in colostrum mononuclear cells (CMC) in Bov+cattle. Collectively, these data suggest that the differential expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines could have relevant value to diagnose bTB in cattle.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Soto
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ponce-Ramos
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico. Electronic address: rhgutierrez@ciatej.mx.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico. Electronic address: aortega@ciatej.mx.
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Ortega
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico. Electronic address: aalvarez@ciatej.mx.
authors.forename: Angel H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico.
authors.forename: Moisés
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada unidad Tlaxcala, Km. 1.5 Carretera Estatal Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla, C.P. 90700, Tepetitla de Lardizabal, Tlaxcala, Mexico. Electronic address: aabsalon@ipn.mx.
authors.forename: Angel E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Absalón
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social IMSS, División de Inmunología, Sierra Mojada 800, 44340, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Electronic address: pablolazareno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Lazareno
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Departamento de Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Madero y Aguirre Pequeño, Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, NL, C.P. 64460, Mexico. Electronic address: aylf10@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Limón-Flores
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico. Electronic address: cestrada.ciatej@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estrada-Chávez
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Jalisco, (CIATEJ-CONACYT), Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Avenida Normalistas 800, Colinas de la normal, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44270, Mexico. Electronic address: sherrera@ciatej.mx.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Herrera-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D059425:Interferon-gamma Release Tests; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000276:immunology*; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators
keywords: BOVIGAM non-responders (Bov(−)); BOVIGAM responder (Bov(+)); Colostrum mononuclear cells (CMC); Gamma interferon (IFN-γ); Tuberculin non-reactors (TST(−)); Tuberculin reactors (TST(+))