title: [The changes in cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy during the disease course (on example of executive functions)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the relationship between executive functions (EF), personality traits and clinical characteristics of disease course.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five patients with partial epilepsy, including temporal lobe epilepsy (61%), lobe epilepsy (33%) and other forms (6%), were examined. Mean age of the patients was 30.24±8,67 years. EF were studied using the the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in 25 out of 105 patients of the main group. The patients were followed-up after 5.5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between the EF decline and the age, illness duration and disability was found. Seizure remission and its duration have a positive effect on EF indices. There were no correlations with the age at seizure onset, severity of seizures, amount of medications used, psychopathological symptoms and left-handedness. The WCST scores were worse in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and patients with alexithymia. A follow-up examination showed the relationship between the further EF decline and the left-sided localization of the epileptic focus as well as the absence of seizure remission. No relationship between the EF deficit and antiepileptic treatment was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EF deficit was observed in all forms of epilepsy, it was correlated with disability of patients, may be aggravated by personality and neurobiological characteristics and increased with the persistence of seizures. Based on the results of the study, the achievement of remission is needed in treatment tactics for epilepsy to preserve cognitive functioning and social well-being of patients.
authors.affiliation: Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - the branch of Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Zemlyanaya
authors.affiliation: Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - the branch of Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kalinin
authors.affiliation: Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - the branch of Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Zheleznova
authors.affiliation: Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry - the branch of Federal Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Sokolova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000150:complications*; D056344:Executive Function; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012640:Seizures; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants