title: Euphorbia denticulata Lam.: A promising source of phyto-pharmaceuticals for the development of novel functional formulations.
abstract: In this study, Methanolic extracts of Euphorbia denticulata parts (flowers, leaf, stem, and mix of aerial parts) were assessed for a panoply of bioactivities. Inhibitory potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase), obesity (pancreatic lipase), neurodegenerative diseases (cholinesterases), and hyperpigmentation (tyrosinase) was evaluated. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties were also assessed. The total phenolic, flavonoid, and phytochemical profile were established using HPLC/DAD and molecular modelling studies on specific target compounds were performed in silico. The flower extract was found to be rich in phenolics and flavonoids, (60.11±1.40mgGAE/g and 42.04±0.16mgRE/g respectively), which tend to correlate with the high radical scavenging activity of this extract (120.34±3.33mgTE/g and 165.42±2.16mgTE/g for DPPH and ABTS respectively). Catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, p-OH-Benzoic acid, rosmarinic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate, found in significant abundance in the extracts were assessed using molecular modelling with the aim to study their docking properties on a set of six enzymes used in this study. The extracts were moderately effective with MIC values ranging between 1.56 to 6.25mg/ml, but potent growth inhibitors of MRSA strains. Results amassed herein can be used as a stimulus for further studies geared towards the development of novel phyto-pharmaceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey. Electronic address: gokhanzengin@selcuk.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zengin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Laboratory, Vocational School of Health Services, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Campus, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdurrahman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aktumsek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8, V. Babes Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
authors.forename: Andrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mocan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mollica
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.affiliation: Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus of Gambelas, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Custodio
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Nuno R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Neng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Building C8, Floor 5, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: José M F
authors.initials: JMF
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius.
authors.forename: Zaahira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Aumeeruddy-Elalfi
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius.
authors.forename: M Fawzi
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Mahomoodally
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D028481:Euphorbia; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Diabetes; Euphorbia denticulata; Molecular docking; Phyto-pharmaceuticals; Polyphenols