title: Increased level of annexin A1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a potential diagnostic indicator for lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Annexin A1 has been implicated in various tumor types, but few studies have investigated its involvement in lung cancer. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the annexin A1 level in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and analyze its usefulness in lung cancer diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Annexin A1 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. The sensitivity and specificity of annexin A1 for distinguishing lung cancer were determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor tissues, BALF and serum of patients with lung cancer contained higher levels of annexin A1 than those of the control group of patients with benign lung diseases. Moreover, an increased level of BALF annexin A1 was closely correlated with lymphatic invasion and malignant progression of lung cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of BALF annexin A1 for distinguishing lung cancer were 94.2% and 90.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased annexin A1 in BALF was correlated with lymphatic invasion and malignant progression of lung cancer, suggesting that it could be an indicator for discerning lung cancer and predicting outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an - China.|Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Medicine, Xi'an - China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biaoxue
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou - China.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiguang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou - China.
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining - China.
authors.forename: Fu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou - China.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wenlong
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D017305:Annexin A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D055752:Small Cell Lung Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017305:Annexin A1; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor