title: TWEAK is not elevated in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) may be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. The aim was to investigate if TWEAK may reflect disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cohort study, 139 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed and previously untreated inflammatory bowel disease - 95 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 44 with Crohn's disease (CD) - underwent colonoscopy. Disease activity was assessed by the Mayo score and the Mayo endoscopic score (MES) for UC, or the Simple Endoscopic Score (SES) for CD. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin were measured in IBD patients, as were plasma TWEAK levels in patients and 85 healthy subjects. Associations between TWEAK levels and disease activity markers were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the total IBD group, the median (interquartile range) TWEAK level was 430 pg/ml (109-6570), in UC 502 pg/ml (109-4547) and in CD patients 352 pg/ml (101-9179), respectively. Healthy subjects had a median (IQR) TWEAK of 307 pg/ml (63-3492). There were no significant differences in TWEAK levels between the total IBD group and healthy control subjects, nor between UC and CD, or between UC/CD and healthy subjects. Furthermore, we found no significant associations between Mayo scores, MES-UC, SES-CD, CRP, and fecal calprotectin with plasma TWEAK levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma TWEAK levels do not reflect disease activity or the grade of inflammation in patients with newly diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease. NCT01551563.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Tore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grimstad
authors.affiliation: b Department of Dermatology , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Inger Marie
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Skoie
authors.affiliation: c Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doerner
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Kjetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isaksen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karlsen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Medical Gastroenterology , Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aabakken
authors.affiliation: a Department of Internal Medicine , Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway.|e Department of Clinical Science , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.
authors.forename: Roald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Omdal
authors.affiliation: c Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Putterman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood*; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000097:blood*; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000032:analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000074049:Cytokine TWEAK; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; C109743:TNFSF12 protein, human; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Crohn’s disease; Inflammatory bowel disease; TWEAK; biomarker; ulcerative colitis