title: Genetic characterisation of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the University Hospital Mohamed Boudiaf in Ouargla, southern Algeria.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the genetic support of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. isolates collected in the University Hospital of Ouargla, southern Algeria.
  
  
  
  A total of 99 Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were collected from stool samples of colonised patients and from inanimate surfaces in the hospital environment between December 2014 and August 2015. Selected Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. isolates with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were subjected to phenotypic study, including antibiotic susceptibility testing according to CA-SFM-EUCAST 2015 guidelines and modified Carba NP test. Genes encoding carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases were screened by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was determined by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST).
  
  
  
  Of the 99 GNB isolates, 10 (10.1%) showed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were studied further, including 7 Acinetobacter baumannii, 1 Acinetobacter nosocomialis, 1 Escherichia coli and 1 Klebsiella pneumoniae. PCR and sequencing showed that four A. baumannii isolates and the single A. nosocomialis isolate harboured blaNDM-1. In addition, blaOXA-23was observed in three A. baumannii isolates, and blaOXA-48was detected in the two Enterobacteriaceae isolates. MLST assigned the K. pneumoniae to ST999 and the E. coli to ST38. The seven A. baumannii isolates belonged to ST85 and ST2.
  
  
  
  This study describes the epidemiology of carbapenemases produced by Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. in southern Algeria and reports the first description of metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1-producing A. nosocomialis in Algeria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de protection des écosystèmes en zones arides et semi-arides, FSNV, Université de Ouargla, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria.
authors.forename: Mounira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagoubat
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de protection des écosystèmes en zones arides et semi-arides, FSNV, Université de Ouargla, 30000 Ouargla, Algeria.
authors.forename: Aminata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ould El-Hadj-Khelil
authors.affiliation: Service de laboratoire central, Hôpital militaire universitaire spécialisé de Staoueli, Staoueli, Algeria.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malki
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sofiane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakour
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria.
authors.forename: Abdelaziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Touati
authors.affiliation: Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France. Electronic address: jean-marc.rolain@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rolain
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000462:Algeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D058889:Molecular Typing; D058885:Multilocus Sequence Typing; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; C466679:beta-lactamase OXA-23; C048795:AmpC beta-lactamases; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1; C063912:carbapenemase
keywords: Carbapenem resistance; Gram-negative bacteria; NDM-1; Southern Algeria