title: Ethical decision-making regarding infant viability: A discussion.
abstract: There are no universally agreed rules of healthcare ethics. Ethical decisions and standards tend to be linked to professional codes of practice when dealing with complex issues.
  This paper aims to explore the ethical complexities on who should decide to give infants born on the borderline of viability lifesaving treatment, parents or the healthcare professionals.
  The paper is a discussion using the principles of ethics, professional codes of practice from the UK, Nursing Midwifery Council and UK legal case law and statute. Healthcare professionals' experiences that influence parental decision are also considered.
  There are considerable barriers to an effective discussion taking place in an environment where clinical decisions have to be made quickly once the baby is born. This is compounded by the need and respect for parental autonomy and the difficulties they face when making a best interest's decision knowing that this could cause more harm than good for their infant child and balancing any decision they make with quality of life.
  On deciding whether to give lifesaving treatment born at the borderline of viability, it should be a joint decision between the parents and the neonatal team.
authors.affiliation: University of Hull, UK.
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Hull & East Yorkshire Women's and Children's Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics*; D005328:Fetal Viability; D006801:Humans; D007224:Infant Care / Q000941:ethics*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000941:ethics*; D000072221:Nurses, Neonatal / Q000523:psychology; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D006113:United Kingdom
keywords: Borderline of viability; decision-making; ethics; neonate