title: A Roadmap for the Development of Applied Computational Psychiatry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computational psychiatry is a burgeoning field that utilizes mathematical approaches to investigate psychiatric disorders, derive quantitative predictions, and integrate data across multiple levels of description. Computational psychiatry has already led to many new insights into the neurobehavioral mechanisms that underlie several psychiatric disorders, but its usefulness from a clinical standpoint is only now starting to be considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Examples of computational psychiatry are highlighted, and a phase-based pipeline for the development of clinical computational-psychiatry applications is proposed, similar to the phase-based pipeline used in drug development. It is proposed that each phase has unique endpoints and deliverables, which will be important milestones to move tasks, procedures, computational models, and algorithms from the laboratory to clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of computational approaches should be tested on healthy volunteers in Phase I, transitioned to target populations in Phase IB and Phase IIA, and thoroughly evaluated using randomized clinical trials in Phase IIB and Phase III. Successful completion of these phases should be the basis of determining whether computational models are useful tools for prognosis, diagnosis, or treatment of psychiatric patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new type of infrastructure will be necessary to implement the proposed pipeline. This infrastructure should consist of groups of investigators with diverse backgrounds collaborating to make computational psychiatry relevant for the clinic.
authors.affiliation: Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK; Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Martin P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paulus
authors.affiliation: Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland; Centre for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Quentin J M
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Huys
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Tiago V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Maia
keywords: Biomarkers; Computational psychiatry; Development pipelines; Machine Learning; Prediction; Translational psychiatry