title: Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions/Screening Tools to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment Medication Criteria Modified for U.S. Nursing Home Setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a set of prescribing indicators measurable with available data from electronic nursing home (NH) databases by adapting the European-based 2014 Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions (STOPP) and Screening Tools to Alert Doctors to Right Treatment (START) criteria of potentially inappropriate and underused medications for the U.S.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-stage expert panel process. In the first stage, the investigator team reviewed 114 criteria for compatibility and measurability. In the second stage, an online modified e-Delphi (OMD) panel was convened to rate the validity of criteria, and two webinars were held to identify criteria with highest relevance to U.S. NHs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen experts with recognized reputations in NH care participated in the e-Delphi panel and 12 in the webinar.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compatibility and measurability were assessed by comparing criteria with U.S. terminology and setting standards and data elements in NH databases. Validity was rated using a 9-point Likert-type scale (1 = not valid at all, 9 = highly valid). Mean, median, interpercentile ranges, and agreement were determined for each criterion score. Relevance was determined by ranking the mean panel ratings on criteria that reached agreement; the webinar participants reviewed and approved half of the criteria with the highest mean values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three STOPP/START criteria were deemed to be compatible with the U.S. NH setting and measurable using data from electronic NH databases. E-Delphi panelists rated 48 criteria as valid for U.S. NHs. Twenty-four criteria were deemed to be most relevant, consisting of 22 measures of potentially inappropriate medications and two measures of underused medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study created the first explicit criteria for assessing the quality of prescribing in U.S. NHs.
authors.affiliation: RAND Corporation and RAND Pardee Graduate School, Santa Monica, California.
authors.forename: Dmitry
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Khodyakov
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Brianne L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Olivieri-Mui
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bouwmeester
authors.affiliation: Omnicare, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Zarowitz
authors.affiliation: Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.
authors.forename: Meenakshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ching
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Briesacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003697:Delphi Technique; D006801:Humans; D057970:Inappropriate Prescribing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D019338:Polypharmacy; D000067561:Potentially Inappropriate Medication List; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014481:United States
keywords: STOPP/START criteria; long term care; older adults; polypharmacy