title: Focal task specific dystonia: a review and update.
abstract: In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the etiology, risk factors and pathophysiology of focal task specific dystonia (FTSD), movement disorders characterized by abnormal motor activation during the performance of specific, repetitive actions. We focus on two common FTSD, musician's dystonia and writer's cramp. FTSD may pose a threat to the patient's livelihood, and improved therapeutic treatments are needed.
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1138, First Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.affiliation: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 5 East 98th Street, Box 1138, First Floor, New York, NY, 10029, USA. steven.frucht@mssm.edu.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frucht
mesh_terms: D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans
keywords: Focal task specific dystonia (FTSD); Musician's dystonia; Writer's cramp