title: Immune checkpoint inhibitors renal side effects and management.
abstract: The choice of immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer has improved the prognosis of many patients affected by various malignancies. The high expectations foreseen with immunotherapy have led to fast approvals despite the incomplete understanding of the toxicity profiles in the different organs, including the kidneys. The high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in cancer patients complicates the issue further and requires a better knowledge of the renal safety profile to ensure an optimal safe treatment. This review summarizes the present knowledge of renal adverse events secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses their pathophysiology, clinical presentation and adequate management. We also advocate the need for a multidisciplinary approach in patients with immune-related toxic adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Elie El
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Rassy
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.|Department of Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hampig R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kourie
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Jamale
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rizkallah
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Fadi El
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Karak
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Dania N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Chelala
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Marwan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghosn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors
keywords: CTLA-4 inhibitor; PD-1 inhibitor; immune checkpoint inhibitor; kidney disease; nephrologist; onconephrology