title: Storage of red blood cells in a novel polyolefin blood container: a pilot in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present general plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate in polyvinylchloride (PVC) blood bags is only physically dispersed in PVC and will therefore leach into blood components. The objective of this study was to perform a first preliminary red blood cell (RBC) storage evaluation in a new blood bag manufactured of polyolefin without any inclusion of potentially migrating substances.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a RBC storage study for 42 days. Blood collection was performed in a polyolefin-based PVC-free blood bag. RBCs were prepared within 8 h. Two different RBC additive solutions were used, either PAGGS-M or PAGGG-M. We weekly measured pH, K+, glucose, lactate, haemolysis, red cell ATP and 2,3-DPG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RBC storage in PAGGS-M resulted in high haemolysis levels already after 21 days, exceeding the European maximum limit of 0·8%, and low ATP levels by the end of the storage period. With PAGGG-M, haemolysis exceeded 0·8% after 28 days of storage. For additional parameters, the results were comparable to those of previous studies in conventional blood bags.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a first preliminary study of RBC storage in a new type of blood bags. PAGGG-M gave encouraging results except for its inability to prevent increased haemolysis. There will be room for further development of RBC additive solutions to address the haemolysis problems. Plasma should also be tested regarding the stability of coagulation and activation pathway variables. There may also be a potential for future use of the bag for preparation of pooled buffy-coat-derived platelets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulliksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meinke
authors.affiliation: Hematronic SpA, Mirandola, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravizza
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Höglund
mesh_terms: D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate / Q000032:analysis; D000225:Adenine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004906:Erythrocyte Count; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006151:Guanosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011090:Polyenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C430585:PAGGS-M solution; D011090:Polyenes; D006151:Guanosine; D019794:2,3-Diphosphoglycerate; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008353:Mannitol; C035051:PL 732; D005947:Glucose; D000225:Adenine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: blood component production; blood components; blood safety; haemoglobin measurement; red cell components