title: A fully covered self-expandable metal stent anchored by a 10-Fr double pigtail plastic stent: an effective anti-migration technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) have been used successfully in the treatment of malignant and benign biliary strictures. However, stent migration is a major complication. We investigated the efficacy of anchoring FCSEMS with a 10-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent to prevent migration in patients with biliary strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2012 and May 2013, 10 patients with malignant biliary strictures and one patient with a suprapapillary benign biliary stenosis were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint of the study was to record the migration rate of FCSEMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The placement of FCSEMSs and the anchoring with a 10-Fr double-pigtail plastic stent were successful in all patients. During a median follow-up period of eight months, proximal or distal migration of FCSEMS was not observed. No procedural complications related to the placement of FCSEMS and/or the anchoring plastic stent were recorded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The placement of an anchoring 10-Fr double-pigtail stent is a simple and effective anti-migration technique for FCSEMS in patients with malignant biliary strictures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Georgia Lazaraki, Stergios Gkagkalis, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Olga Giouleme).
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Katsinelos
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Georgia Lazaraki, Stergios Gkagkalis, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Olga Giouleme).
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lazaraki
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Georgia Lazaraki, Stergios Gkagkalis, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Olga Giouleme).
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gkagkalis
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Georgia Lazaraki, Stergios Gkagkalis, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Olga Giouleme).
authors.forename: Grigoris
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chatzimavroudis
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Kiriaki Anastasiadou, Nikos Georgakis, Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Kiriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastasiadou
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Kiriaki Anastasiadou, Nikos Georgakis, Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Georgakis
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Motility Unit, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Panagiotis Katsinelos, Georgia Lazaraki, Stergios Gkagkalis, Grigoris Chatzimavroudis, Olga Giouleme).
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Giouleme
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Kiriaki Anastasiadou, Nikos Georgakis, Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zavos
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (Kiriaki Anastasiadou, Nikos Georgakis, Christos Zavos, Jannis Kountouras), Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Jannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kountouras
keywords: Fully covered self-expandable metal stents; migration; prevention