title: Genetic Analysis ofAedes aegyptiUsing Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers from Dengue Outbreaks in Pakistan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Keeping in view the havoc situation of dengue fever in Pakistan, the current study was designed to demonstrate the genetic variations, gene flow and rate of migration from Lahore and Faisalabad.
  
  
  METHODS
  The larvae were collected from both natural and artificial breeding places from each collection site. The adult mosquitoes were collected by means of sweep net and battery-operated aspirator. DNA extraction was performed using TNE buffer method. Ten GeneLink-A series RAPD primers were used for PCR amplification and the data was analyzed through POPGENE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of amplification products produced per primer varied from 8-12, ranging from 200 to 2000 bp with an average of 10.0 bands per primer. The percentage of polymorphic loci amplified by each primer varied from 22.5 to 51%. The UPGMA dendrogram demonstrates two distinct groups from Faisalabad and Lahore populations. The genetic diversity ranged from 0.260 in Faisalabad to 0.294 in Lahore with a total heterozygosity of 0.379. The GSTvalue for nine populations within Lahore was 0.131 (Nm= 3.317), whereas for nine populations in Faisalabad GSTvalue was 0.117 (Nm= 3.773). The overall genetic variation among eighteen populations showed GST= 0.341 and Nm= 1.966.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic relatedness and Nm value show thatAe.aegyptipopulations exhibit intra-population gene flow both in Faisalabad and Lahore. Although, both cities show a distinct pattern of genetic structure; however, few areas from both the cities show genetic similarity. The gene flow and the genetic relatedness in few populations of Lahore and Faisalabad cities need further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hafiz Muhammad
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ashraf
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Kashif
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Zahoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shabab
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.affiliation: Department Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Humara Naz
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Majeed
authors.affiliation: Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology (CABB), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sarwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zahoor
keywords: Aedes aegypti; Dengue; Genetic diversity; RAPD markers