title: Electronic cigarette use and uptake of cigarette smoking: A longitudinal examination of U.S. college students.
abstract: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use prevalence is increasing among U.S. adolescents and adults but recent longitudinal data for college/university students are scarce. Furthermore, the extent that e-cigarette use is associated with the onset of cigarette smoking and the factors that lead to the uptake of e-cigarettes in college students has not been explored.
  
  
  
  3757 participants from a Mid-Atlantic university (women: 66%; White: 45%; Black: 21%; Asian: 19%; Hispanic/Latino: 6%) were surveyed in 2014 and again in 2015.
  
  
  
  Among participants reporting never smoking at time 1, those who had ever tried e-cigarettes or were currently using e-cigarettes (at least one use in past 30days) were more likely to have ever tried cigarettes by time 2 relative to individuals who had not used e-cigarettes. Ever use of e-cigarettes (but not current use) also increased participants' likelihood of being current cigarette smokers at time 2. Among initial never users of e-cigarettes or cigarettes, males and ever marijuana users had an increased probability of trying e-cigarettes by time 2. Furthermore, less perseverance (an index of impulsivity) and ever use of other tobacco products increased initial never users' chances of trying both cigarettes and e-cigarettes by time 2.
  
  
  
  Given that never-smoking participants who had tried e-cigarettes were more likely to initiate cigarette use later, limiting young adults' access to these products may be beneficial. As the long-term health implications of e-cigarette use become clearer, predictors of e-cigarette use could help identify future populations likely to use and abuse these products.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. Electronic address: spindletr@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Tory R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Spindle
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Marzena M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hiler
authors.affiliation: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Megan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eissenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
authors.affiliation: Department of African American Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute (COBE), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. Electronic address: ddick@vcu.edu.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014495:Universities
keywords: College/university students; Electronic cigarettes; Longitudinal tobacco use; Tobacco cigarettes