title: Sodium fluoride (NaF) induces the splenic apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathwayin vivoandin vitro.
abstract: At present, there are no reports on the relationship between fluoride-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ER stress) in the spleen of human and animalsin vivoandin vitro. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced apoptosis mediated by ER stress in the spleen of micein vivoandin vitro. Apoptosis and expression levels of the ER stress-related proteins were detected by flow cytometry and western blot, respectively. The results showed that NaF treatment increased lymphocytes apoptosis, which was consistent with NaF-caused ER Stress. NaF-caused ER stress was characterized by up-regulating protein expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (BiP) and glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94), and by activating unfolded protein response (UPR). The signaling pathway of ER stress-associated apoptosis was activated by up-regulating protein expression levels of cleaved cysteine aspartate specific protease-12 (cleaved caspase-12), growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (Gadd153/CHOP) and phosphorylation of JUN N-terminal kinase (p-JNK). Additionally, ourin vitrostudy found that apoptotic rate was decreased with remarkable down-regulation of the cleaved caspase-12, CHOP, p-JNK after ER stress was inhibited by 4-Phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) treatment. In conclusion, NaF-induced apoptosis may mediated by ER stress in the spleen.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Huidan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Hengmin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Zhicai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zuo
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Junliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.|Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Ya'an 625014, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002082:Butylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C121358:4-phenylbutylamine; D002082:Butylamines; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012969:Sodium Fluoride
keywords: apoptosis; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; mouse; sodium fluoride (NaF); spleen