title: In vitro nitro-fatty acid release from Cys-NO2-fatty acid adducts under nitro-oxidative conditions.
abstract: Stress situations are characterized by a rise in reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species levels. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs), or nitroalkenes, are produced by the interaction of RNS and unsaturated fatty acids, stored in cells, mostly as part of protein-adducted NO2-FAs, and are esterified in complex lipids. These molecules, which have been shown to play a pivotal role as anti-inflammatory and pro-survival players, have been widely characterized in animal systems. Recently, it has been reported that NO2-FAs play an important role in plant defense against several stress conditions. Furthermore, a significant increase in NO2-FA levels has been observed under various inflammatory and stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems. In this study, we describe the in vitro release of NO2-FAs from protein-adducts under nitro-oxidative stress conditions. The findings of this study highlight the ability of hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, as representative ROS and RNS molecules induced under stress conditions, to oxidize cysteine-adducted NO2-FAs, which is followed by the release of free nitroalkenes. This release may be partly responsible for the increase in NO2-FA content observed under different stressful conditions in both animal and plant systems as well as the activation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties attributed to these molecules.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: María N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Padilla
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Capilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mata-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melguizo
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Group, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus Universitario "Las Lagunillas" s/n, University of Jaén, E-23071, Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: jbarroso@ujaen.es.
authors.forename: Juan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Barroso
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000378:metabolism; D003553:Cystine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010944:Plants; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D005227:Fatty Acids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003553:Cystine
keywords: Nitro-fatty acid release; Nitro-fatty acids; Nitro-oxidative stress; Nitroalkylation; Protein adducts