title: Anticandidal, antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Calendula arvensis flowers.
abstract: Calendula arvensis (CA) is one of the important plants used in traditional medicine in Morocco, due to its interesting chemical composition. The present study aimed to determine the anticandidal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and the effects of extracts of CA flowers on the growth of myeloid cancer cells. Also, to characterize the chemical composition of the plant. Flowers of CA were collected based on ethnopharmacological information from the villages around the region Rabat-Khemisset, Moroccco. The hexane and methanol extracts were obtained by soxhlet extraction, while aqueous extracts was obtained by maceration in cold water. CA extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity using four different methods (DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, β-carotene bleaching test). Furthermore, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were measured, also the antimicrobial activity has been evaluated by the well diffusion method using several bacterial and fungal strains. Finally, extracts cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT test. Phytochemical quantification of the methanolic and aqueous extracts revealed that they were rich with flavonoid and phenolic content and were found to possess considerable antioxidant activities. MIC values of methanolic extracts were 12.5-25μg/mL. While MIC values of hexanolic extracts were between 6.25-12.5μg/mL and were bacteriostatic for all bacteria while methanolic and aqueous extracts were bactericidal. In addition, the extracts exhibited no activity on Candida species except the methanolic extract, which showed antifungal activity onCandida tropicalis 1 and Candida famata 1. The methanolic and aqueous extracts also exhibited antimyeloid cancer activity (IC50of 31μg/mL). In our study, we conclude that the methanolic and aqueous extracts were a promising source of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Laboratory (Med-Biotech), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Department of Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abudunia
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de pharmacologie et toxicologie, équipe de pharmacocinétique, University Mohammed V in Rabat, faculté de médicine et pharmacie, Rabat Instituts, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco. Electronic address: ilias.marmouzi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marmouzi
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de pharmacologie et toxicologie, équipe de pharmacocinétique, University Mohammed V in Rabat, faculté de médicine et pharmacie, Rabat Instituts, BP 6203, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: M E A
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Faouzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taoufik
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de chimie des plantes et de synthèse organique et bioorganique, faculté des sciences, université Mohammed V, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El Madani
authors.affiliation: Department of Heterocyclic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Essassi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Laboratory (Med-Biotech), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salama
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Institute National of Health (INH), P.O. Box 769, 27, avenue Ibn-Batouta-Agdal, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khedid
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ansar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology Laboratory (Med-Biotech), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ibrahimi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D009018:Morocco; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D003603:Cytotoxins; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Calendula arvensis; Candida; Caractérisation chimique; Chemical characterization; Cytotoxic; Cytotoxique