title: HPV-6 Molecular Variants Association With the Development of Genital Warts in Men: The HIM Study.
abstract: Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 are the etiological agents of approximately 90% of genital warts (GWs). The impact of HPV-6 genetic heterogeneity on persistence and progression to GWs remains undetermined.
  
  
  
  HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study participants who had HPV-6 genital swabs and/or GWs preceded by a viable normal genital swab were analyzed. Variants characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing and samples classified within lineages (A, B) and sublineages (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5). Country- and age-specific analyses were conducted for individual variants; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of GWs according to HPV-6 variants were calculated.
  
  
  
  B3 variants were most prevalent. HPV-6 variants distribution differed between countries and case status. HPV-6 B1 variants prevalence was increased in GWs and genital swabs of cases compared to controls. There was difference in B1 and B3 variants detection in GW and the preceding genital swab. We observed significant association of HPV-6 B1 variants detection with GW development.
  
  
  
  HPV-6 B1 variants are more prevalent in genital swabs that precede GW development, and confer an increased risk for GW. Further research is warranted to understand the possible involvement of B1 variants in the progression to clinically relevant lesions.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flores-Díaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sereday
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvaneide
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sirak
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Simão
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sobrinho
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luiza
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Baggio
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, São Paulo Branch, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lenice
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.affiliation: Centro de Referência e Treinamento DST/Aids, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazcano-Ponce
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luisa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sichero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003218:Condylomata Acuminata / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D014644:Genetic Variation; D052163:Human papillomavirus 6 / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral
keywords: HIM Study; HPV-6; genital warts; males; prevalence; variability