title: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast: A brief update on the molecular features and targetable biomarkers.
abstract: Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare, primary breast cancer characterized by the apocrine morphology, estrogen receptor-negative and androgen receptor-positive profile with a frequent overexpression of Her-2/neu protein (~30%). Apart from the Her-2/neu target, advanced and/or metastatic apocrine carcinomas have limited treatment options. In this review, we briefly describe and discuss the molecular features and new theranostic biomarkers for this rare mammary malignancy. The importance of comprehensive profiling is highlighted due to synergistic and potentially antagonistic molecular events in the individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Sarajevo Clinical Center. semir.vranic@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Semir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vranic
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gatalica
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013544:Sweat Gland Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000068936:Theranostic Nanomedicine
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C410798:AR protein, human; C506487:ESR1 protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human; C494929:PTEN protein, human