title: Persistent Fibrinolysis Shutdown Is Associated with Increased Mortality in Severely Injured Trauma Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with early mortality after trauma; however, no previous studies have investigated the incidence of persistent fibrinolysis or its association with mortality. We tested the hypothesis that persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with mortality in critically ill trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thromboelastography was performed on ICU admission in 181 adult trauma patients and at 1 week in a subset of 78 patients. Fibrinolysis shutdown was defined as LY30 ≤ 0.8% and was considered transient if resolved by 1 week postinjury or persistent if not. Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, hemodynamics, and Injury Severity Score (ISS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median age was 52 years, 88% were male, and median ISS was 27, with 56% transient fibrinolysis shutdown, 44% persistent fibrinolysis shutdown and 12% mortality. Median LY30 was 0.23% (interquartile range [IQR] 0% to 1.20%) at admission and 0.10% (IQR 0% to 2.05%) at 1 week. Transient shutdown more often occurred after head injury (p = 0.019); persistent shutdown was more often associated with penetrating injury (29% vs 9%; p = 0.020), lower LY30 at ICU admission (0.10% vs 1.15%; p < 0.0001) and at 1 week (0% vs 1.68%; p < 0.0001), and higher mortality (21% vs 5%; p = 0.036). Persistent fibrinolysis shutdown was associated with admission LY30 (odds ratio [OR] 0.05; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.34; p = 0.002) and transfusion of packed RBCs (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.97; p = 0.021) and platelets (OR 2.81; 95% CI 1.16 to 6.84; p = 0.022); moreover, it was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 8.48; 95% CI 1.35 to 53.18; p = 0.022).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistent fibrinolysis shutdown is associated with late mortality after trauma. A high index of suspicion should be maintained, especially in patients with penetrating injury, reduced LY30 on admission, and/or receiving blood product transfusion. Judicious use of tranexamic acid is advised in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Meizoso
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Karcutskie
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Juliet J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Namias
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Carl I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.affiliation: Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL. Electronic address: kproctor@miami.edu.
authors.forename: Kenneth G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Proctor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013916:Thrombelastography; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology