title: Gynostemma pentaphyllum Ethanolic Extract Protects Against Memory Deficits in an MPTP-Lesioned Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease Treated with L-DOPA.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP-EX) on memory deficits in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD) (MPTP-lesioned mice). MPTP (30 mg/kg/day, 5 days)-lesioned mice showed deficits of habit learning memory and spatial memory, which were further aggravated by treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) (25 mg/kg, 21 days). However, treatment with GP-EX (50 mg/kg, 21 days) ameliorated memory deficits in MPTP-lesioned mice treated with L-DOPA (25 mg/kg): GP-EX prevented the decreases in retention latency time in the passive avoidance test and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive cells and dopamine levels in the nigrostriatum. GP-EX also reduced increases in retention transfer latency time of the elevated plus-maze test and expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and improved decreases in phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus in the same models. By contrast, L-DOPA treatment (10 mg/kg, 21 days) ameliorated memory deficits in MPTP-lesioned mice, which were further improved by GP-EX treatment. These results suggest that GP-EX ameliorates habit learning memory deficits by activating dopaminergic neurons and spatial memory deficits by modulating NMDA receptor-ERK1/2-CREB system in MPTP-lesioned mice treated with L-DOPA. GP-EX may serve as an adjuvant phytonutrient for memory deficits in PD.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Sook
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ting Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Keon Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.|2 Research Center for Bioresource and Health, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Eun
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Social Physical Education, Songwon University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.|2 Research Center for Bioresource and Health, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University , Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Koo
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D029774:Gynostemma / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D007980:Levodopa; D015632:1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D004298:Dopamine
keywords: Gynostemma pentaphyllum; L-DOPA; MPTP-lesioned mouse; Parkinson's disease; memory deficits