title: Lysyl Oxidase and the Tumor Microenvironment.
abstract: The lysyl oxidase (LOX) family of oxidases contains a group of extracellular copper-dependent enzymes that catalyze the cross-linking of collagen and elastin by oxidation, thus maintaining the rigidity and structural stability of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Aberrant expression or activation of LOX alters the cellular microenvironment, leading to many diseases, including atherosclerosis, tissue fibrosis, and cancer. Recently, a number of studies have shown that LOX is overexpressed in most cancers and that it is involved in the regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. In contrast, a few reports have also indicated the tumor-suppressing role of LOX. In this short review, we discuss recent research on the correlations between LOX and cancer. Further, the role of LOX in tumor microenvironment remodeling, tumorigenesis, and metastasis and the underlying mechanisms have also been elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan. cellww@gmail.com.|Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan. cellww@gmail.com.|Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan. cellww@gmail.com.|Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan. cellww@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tong-Hong
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. bryanhsia@tmu.edu.tw.|Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan. bryanhsia@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shih-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan. tmshieh@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Tzong-Ming
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shieh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase
keywords: lysyl oxidase; metastasis; microenvironment; tumor progression; tumor suppressor