title: Frontal Lobe Function Correlates with One-Year Incidence of Urinary Incontinence in Elderly with Alzheimer Disease.
abstract: Urinary incontinence (UI) is frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although previous works highlight the association between frontal lobe-related function and UI, causal relationship is unclear.
  
  
  
  To clarify the longitudinal association between frontal lobe function and the incidence of UI at 1 year in patients with AD.
  
  
  
  The subjects were 215 continent AD patients who attended the Memory Clinic of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology of Japan during the period from March 2011 to December 2014. The absence or presence of UI was operationally assigned by the dementia behavior disturbance scale subscale, which was completed by the patients' caregivers. Frontal lobe function was assessed using the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). Other confounding factors including demographic data, cognitive status, vitality, mood, physical performance, and use of medication (cholinesterase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], diuretics, alpha blockers and anticholinergic drugs) were assessed.
  
  
  
  During 1-year follow up (mean: 377.4±83.7 days), the incidence of UI was 12.1% (n = 26). Patients with UI had significantly lower FAB performance at baseline (no UI versus UI = 9.3±2.8 versus 7.8±2.7). In multivariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FAB (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-0.94) and the use of CCB (OR = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.09-6.77) were significantly associated with UI at 1 year.
  
  
  
  The results of study indicate that frontal lobe dysfunction is predictor for UI in patients with AD.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.|Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.|Department of Community Health Sciences, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Kobe University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.affiliation: Medical Genome Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niida
authors.affiliation: Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toba
authors.affiliation: Center for Comprehensive Care and Research on Memory Disorders, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D000073216:Mental Status and Dementia Tests; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; calcium channel blocker; cholinesterase inhibitors; frontal lobe function; urinaryincontinence