title: Two-Year Impact of Prevention Programs on Adolescent Depression: an Integrative Data Analysis Approach.
abstract: This paper presents the first findings of an integrative data analysis of individual-level data from 19 adolescent depression prevention trials (n = 5210) involving nine distinct interventions across 2 years post-randomization. In separate papers, several interventions have been found to decrease the risk of depressive disorders or elevated depressive/internalizing symptoms among youth. One type of intervention specifically targets youth without a depressive disorder who are at risk due to elevated depressive symptoms and/or having a parent with a depressive disorder. A second type of intervention targets two broad domains: prevention of problem behaviors, which we define as drug use/abuse, sexual risk behaviors, conduct disorder, or other externalizing problems, and general mental health. Most of these latter interventions improve parenting or family factors. We examined the shared and unique effects of these interventions by level of baseline youth depressive symptoms, sociodemographic characteristics of the youth (age, sex, parent education, and family income), type of intervention, and mode of intervention delivery to the youth, parent(s), or both. We harmonized eight different measures of depression utilized across these trials and used growth models to evaluate intervention impact over 2 years. We found a significant overall effect of these interventions on reducing depressive symptoms over 2 years and a stronger impact among those interventions that targeted depression specifically rather than problem behaviors or general mental health, especially when baseline symptoms were high. Implications for improving population-level impact are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. hendricks.brown@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: C Hendricks
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0294-2419
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.|Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Ahnalee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brincks
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Perrino
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.|Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Gracelyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cruden
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pantin
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Jami F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Beardslee
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Preventive Medicine, and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montag
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sandler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D000078332:Data Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016487:Parenting; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education
keywords: Cognitive behavioral therapy; Data synthesis; Growth mixture modeling; Growth modeling; Interpersonal therapy; Parenting interventions; Person-level meta-analysis