title: Effects of Bioactive Compounds on Odontogenic Differentiation and Mineralization.
abstract: Direct pulp capping involves the placement of dental materials directly onto vital pulp tissues after deep caries removal to stimulate the regeneration of reparative dentin. This physical barrier will serve as a "biological seal" between these materials and the pulp tissue. Although numerous direct pulp capping materials are available, the use of small bioactive compounds that can potently stimulate and expedite reparative dentin formation is still underexplored. Here, the authors compared and evaluated the pro-osteogenic and pro-odontogenic effects of 4 small bioactive compounds- phenamil (Phen), purmorphamine (Pur), genistein (Gen), and metformin (Met). The authors found that these compounds at noncytotoxic concentrations induced differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and preodontoblastic dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, Phen consistently and potently induced differentiation and mineralization in vitro. A single treatment with Phen was sufficient to enhance the mineralization potential of DPSCs in vitro. More importantly, Phen-treated DPSCs showed enhanced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in vivo. Our study suggests that these small bioactive compounds merit further study for their potential clinical use as pulp capping materials.
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Phung
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|2 Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 3 Section of Orthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|2 Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: 2 Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|4 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|4 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|4 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|5 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: N-H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 1 The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|2 Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA.|4 UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000584:Amiloride / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009025:Morpholines; D011687:Purines; C047088:phenylamil; D000584:Amiloride; D008687:Metformin; D019833:Genistein; C470893:purmorphamine
keywords: dental; dental pulp stem cells; odontogenic potential; osteogenic compounds; pulp capping; reparative dentin