title: Congener profiles, distribution, sources and ecological risk of parent and alkyl-PAHs in surface sediments of Southern Yellow Sea, China.
abstract: Congener profiles, distribution and sources of parent and alkyl-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of Southern Yellow Sea (SYS), China were investigated. The ecological risk of parent-PAHs to aquatic organisms were evaluated based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), risk quotient (RQ), organic carbon (OC)-normalized analysis and mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q). The concentrations of 33 PAHs were analyzed, including 14 parent PAHs (without naphthalene and acenaphthylene), 16 alkyl-PAHs (7 methylphenanthrenes, 3 methylanthracenes, 3 methylfluoranthenes, and 3 methylpyrenes), dibenzothiophene, retene and perylene. Total concentrations of PAHs (TPAHs) ranged from 200.8 to 3629.0ng/g dry weight (d.w.), with a mean value of 1035.4ng/g d.w., and mainly contributed by fluorene, phenanthrene, methylphenanthrene, retene, fluoranthene and pyrene. Analysis of a broad variety of diagnostic ratios suggested that combustion was the key source of PAHs. Principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) indicated that combustion of coal, softwood and nature gas, coke oven, petroleum and vehicle emission were the main sources of PAHs in sediments of SYS, contributing 41.5%, 30.6%, 18.8%, and 9.0% to TPAHs, respectively. Ecological risk assessment of individual parent-PAHs suggested that fluorene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene may cause some risk to aquatic organisms in some stations. OC-normalized analysis and M-ERM-Q indicated that risk of multiple parent-PAHs was quite low in the studied area.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China. Electronic address: dw42968166@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China.
authors.forename: Shengyong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Jiafu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Guoguang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
authors.forename: Dahai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China. Electronic address: lixg@ouc.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xianguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Congener profile and distribution; Ecological risk; Parent and alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Source; Southern Yellow Sea; Surface sediment