title: Interleukin-4 cytokine single nucleotide polymorphisms in kawasaki disease: a case-control study and a review of knowledge.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of medium-sized arteries. High levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and the dominance of Th2 cytokines seem to be a key feature in the acute phase of KD. In this study, the role of IL-4 and IL-4R gene polymorphisms were investigated in Iranian children with KD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five patients with KD and 140 healthy subjects as a control group were enrolled in this study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-4 gene at positions -1098 (rs2243248), -590 (rs2243250) and -33 (rs2070874), as well as IL-4RA gene at position +1902 (rs180275) were assessed in patients and the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The C allele and CC genotype of IL-4 gene at position -590 and at position -33 had positive associations and the CT genotype at -590 was negatively associated with KD (odds ratio (95% CI) = 0.04 [0.01-0.09]). The haplotype TCC was more frequent among the patients, while the haplotypes TTT and TTC had a negative association with KD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-4 polymorphisms might be associated with KD in an Iranian population.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Raheleh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Assari
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aghighi
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology Research Group, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4648-3573
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Arezou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezaei
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sadr
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Raeeskarami
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hassan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Moradinejad
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.|Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rezaei
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: C508598:IL4 protein, human; C504000:IL4R protein, human; D053662:Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: cytokine; interleukin-4; kawasaki disease; single nucleotide polymorphisms