title: Alignment in social interactions.
abstract: According to the prevailing paradigm in social-cognitive neuroscience, the mental states of individuals become shared when they adapt to each other in the pursuit of a shared goal. We challenge this view by proposing an alternative approach to the cognitive foundations of social interactions. The central claim of this paper is that social cognition concerns the graded and dynamic process of alignment of individual minds, even in the absence of a shared goal. When individuals reciprocally exchange information about each other's minds processes of alignment unfold over time and across space, creating a social interaction. Not all cases of joint action involve such reciprocal exchange of information. To understand the nature of social interactions, then, we propose that attention should be focused on the manner in which people align words and thoughts, bodily postures and movements, in order to take one another into account and to make full use of socially relevant information.
authors.affiliation: School of Advanced Study, University of London, Senate House Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU, United Kingdom. Electronic address: Mattia.Gallotti@sas.ac.uk.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallotti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, United Kingdom; Munich Centre for Neuroscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Germany.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fairhurst
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, United Kingdom; Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Frith
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations