title: Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative, a pooled birth cohort of 13 pregnancy studies in Africa and the Western Pacific.
abstract: The Maternal Malaria and Malnutrition (M3) initiative has pooled together 13 studies with the hope of improving understanding of malaria-nutrition interactions during pregnancy and to foster collaboration between nutritionists and malariologists.
  
  
  
  Data were pooled on 14 635 singleton, live birth pregnancies from women who had participated in 1 of 13 pregnancy studies. The 13 studies cover 8 countries in Africa and Papua New Guinea in the Western Pacific conducted from 1996 to 2015.
  
  
  
  Data are available at the time of antenatal enrolment of women into their respective parent study and at delivery. The data set comprises essential data such as malaria infection status, anthropometric assessments of maternal nutritional status, presence of anaemia and birth weight, as well as additional variables such gestational age at delivery for a subset of women. Participating studies are described in detail with regard to setting and primary outcome measures, and summarised data are available from each contributing cohort.
  
  
  
  This pooled birth cohort is the largest pregnancy data set to date to permit a more definite evaluation of the impact of plausible interactions between poor nutritional status and malaria infection in pregnant women on fetal growth and gestational length. Given the current comparative lack of large pregnancy cohorts in malaria-endemic settings, compilation of suitable pregnancy cohorts is likely to provide adequate statistical power to assess malaria-nutrition interactions, and could point towards settings where such interactions are most relevant. The M3 cohort may thus help to identify pregnant women at high risk of adverse outcomes who may benefit from tailored intensive antenatal care including nutritional supplements and alternative or intensified malaria prevention regimens, and the settings in which these interventions would be most effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.|Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Holger W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Jordan E
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4300-7416
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.affiliation: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (UMR216), Paris, France.|COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (UMR216), Paris, France.|COMUE Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fievet
authors.affiliation: Unite de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.|Departement de Recherche Clinique, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Innocent
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Valea
authors.affiliation: Unite de Recherche Clinique de Nanoro, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé-DRO, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.|Departement de Recherche Clinique, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
authors.forename: Halidou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tinto
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia.|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK.|Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: d'Alessandro
authors.affiliation: Worldwide Epidemiology, GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adu-Afarwuah
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Feiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ter Kuile
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dellicour
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouma
authors.affiliation: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slutsker
authors.affiliation: Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Dianne J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terlouw
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariuki
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)/Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ayisi
authors.affiliation: President's Malaria Initiative, Washington DC, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nahlen
authors.affiliation: Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Meghna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Mwayi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madanitsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.|School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalilani-Phiri
authors.affiliation: Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere, Finland.|Department for Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ashorn
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maleta
authors.affiliation: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stanisic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christentze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmiegelow
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lusingu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westreich
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: van Eijk
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meshnick
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D015331:Cohort Studies; D066264:Datasets as Topic; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000150:complications*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010219:Papua New Guinea; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011295:Prenatal Care
keywords: malaria; malnutrition; pregnancy