title: Cartilage MRI T2∗relaxation time and perfusion changes of the knee in a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by metabolic disturbances in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis as kidney function declines. Alterations in blood perfusion in bone resulting from arteriosclerosis of bone vessels may relate to the progression of CKD. Herein, change in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI parameters (A: amplitude, kel: elimination constant, and kep: permeability rate constant) and MRI T2∗relaxation time of the knee cartilage were measured in a rodent nephrectomy model in order to (1) examine the relationship of peripheral blood perfusion to CKD and (2) demonstrate the feasibility of using DCE-MRI parameters and MRI T2∗as imaging biomarkers to monitor disease progression.
  
  
  
  Two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats received either (1) no intervention or (2) 5/6 nephrectomy.
  
  
  
  We found that the CKD group (compared with the control group) had lower A and kelvalues and similar kepvalue in the lateral and medial articular cartilages beginning at 12 weeks (P < 0.05); statistically significantly higher T2∗values in the lateral and medial articular cartilages beginning at 18 weeks (P < 0.05); statistically significantly decreased inner luminal diameter of the popliteal artery, and altered structure of the lateral and medial articular cartilages (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  Perfusion deficiency and CKD may be related. DCE parameters and MRI T2∗could serve as imaging biomarkers of cartilage degeneration in CKD progression.
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C-S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: gsh5@seed.net.tw.
authors.forename: G-S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009392:Nephrectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: 5/6 Nephrectomy; Cartilage; Chronic kidney disease; Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI; Knee; MRI T2(∗) relaxation time