title: Negative Control Outcomes: A Tool to Detect Bias in Randomized Trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley.
authors.forename: Benjamin F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California-Berkeley.
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ercumen
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D057194:Intention to Treat Analysis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015983:Selection Bias