title: Evaluation of Doxycycline-Laden Oral Bait and Topical Fipronil Delivered in a Single Bait Box to Control Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) and Reduce Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Small Mammal Reservoirs and Host-Seeking Ticks.
abstract: A field trial was conducted on residential properties in a Lyme disease endemic area of New Jersey to determine the efficacy of Maxforce Tick Management System (TMS) bait boxes modified with doxycycline hyclate-laden bait to reduce the acarological risk of Lyme disease and the utility of galvanized steel shrouds to protect the bait boxes from squirrel depredation and ability to routinely service these devices. The strategy began with a 9-wk deployment against larvae followed by a 17-wk deployment against nymphs and larvae the second year. Passive application of fipronil reduced nymphal and larval tick burdens on small mammals by 76 and 77%, respectively, and nymphal tick abundance by 81% on treated properties. In addition, the percentage of infected small mammals recovered from intervention areas following treatment was reduced by 96% for Borrelia burgdorferi and 93% for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Infection prevalence in host-seeking nymphal ticks for both B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum were reduced by 93 and 61%, respectively. Results indicate that Maxforce TMS bait boxes fitted with doxycycline-impregnated bait is an effective means of reducing ticks and infection prevalence for B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum in both rodent reservoirs and questing Ixodes scapularis Say ticks. The protective shroud allows the device to be routinely serviced and protect against squirrel depredation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (marc.dolan@cdc.hhs.gov; aff1@cdc.gov; fth3@cdc.gov; martinrwilliams@hotmail.com; j.piesman@comcast.net).
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: (Terry L. Schulze) - Terry L. Schulze, Ph.D., Inc., 9 Evergreen Court, Perrineville, NJ 08535 (tlschulze@monmouth.com; cjschulze1@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Monmouth County Mosquito Extermination Commission, P.O. Box 162, Eatontown, NJ 07724 (rajordanphd@optimum.net).|Tick-Borne Diseases Program, Monmouth County Mosquito Control Division, 1901 Wayside Rd., Tinton Falls, NJ 07724.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.affiliation: (Terry L. Schulze) - Terry L. Schulze, Ph.D., Inc., 9 Evergreen Court, Perrineville, NJ 08535 (tlschulze@monmouth.com; cjschulze1@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (marc.dolan@cdc.hhs.gov; aff1@cdc.gov; fth3@cdc.gov; martinrwilliams@hotmail.com; j.piesman@comcast.net).
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ullmann
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (marc.dolan@cdc.hhs.gov; aff1@cdc.gov; fth3@cdc.gov; martinrwilliams@hotmail.com; j.piesman@comcast.net).
authors.forename: Andrias
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hojgaard
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (marc.dolan@cdc.hhs.gov; aff1@cdc.gov; fth3@cdc.gov; martinrwilliams@hotmail.com; j.piesman@comcast.net).
authors.forename: Martin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Enteric and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3156 Rampart Rd., Fort Collins, CO 80521 (marc.dolan@cdc.hhs.gov; aff1@cdc.gov; fth3@cdc.gov; martinrwilliams@hotmail.com; j.piesman@comcast.net).|Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piesman
mesh_terms: D041081:Anaplasma phagocytophilum / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000382:microbiology*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000097:blood / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013983:Tick Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D011720:Pyrazoles; D004318:Doxycycline; C082360:fipronil
keywords: Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease; bait box; doxycycline