title: Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water.
abstract: Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE-MS in less than 15min. Time of flight MS analysis (TOFMS), optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs (between 100 and 450m/z) are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30% (V/V) methanol in water and 2% (V/V) formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE-MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500m/z.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Electronic address: mmaclenn@chem.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tie
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kovalchik
authors.affiliation: Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
authors.forename: Kerry M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peru
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Xinxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada.
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Headley
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. Electronic address: chen@chem.ubc.ca.
authors.forename: David D Y
authors.initials: DDY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D061329:Oil and Gas Fields; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C046170:naphthenic acid
keywords: Capillary electrophoresis; Carbodiimide; Electrospray ionization; Mass spectrometry; Naphthenic acids; Oil sands process-affected water