title: Effect of an Education Programme for South Asians with Asthma and Their Clinicians: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial (OEDIPUS).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  People with asthma from ethnic minority groups experience significant morbidity. Culturally-specific interventions to reduce asthma morbidity are rare. We tested the hypothesis that a culturally-specific education programme, adapted from promising theory-based interventions developed in the USA, would reduce unscheduled care for South Asians with asthma in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cluster randomised controlled trial, set in two east London boroughs. 105 of 107 eligible general practices were randomised to usual care or the education programme. Participants were south Asians with asthma aged 3 years and older with recent unscheduled care. The programme had two components: the Physician Asthma Care Education (PACE) programme and the Chronic Disease Self Management Programme (CDSMP), targeted at clinicians and patients with asthma respectively. Both were culturally adapted for south Asians with asthma. Specialist nurses, and primary care teams from intervention practices were trained using the PACE programme. South Asian participants attended an outpatient appointment; those registered with intervention practices received self-management training from PACE-trained specialist nurses, a follow-up appointment with PACE-trained primary care practices, and an invitation to attend the CDSMP. Patients from control practices received usual care. Primary outcome was unscheduled care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  375 south Asians with asthma from 84 general practices took part, 183 registered with intervention practices and 192 with control practices. Primary outcome data were available for 358/375 (95.5%) of participants. The intervention had no effect on time to first unscheduled attendance for asthma (Adjusted Hazard Ratio AHR = 1.19 95% CI 0.92 to 1.53). Time to first review in primary care was reduced (AHR = 2.22, (1.67 to 2.95). Asthma-related quality of life and self-efficacy were improved at 3 months (adjusted mean difference -2.56, (-3.89 to -1.24); 0.44, (0.05 to 0.82) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multi-component education programme adapted for south Asians with asthma did not reduce unscheduled care but did improve follow-up in primary care, self-efficacy and quality of life. More effective interventions are needed for south Asians with asthma.
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bremner
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Kamrul
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ratna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sohanpal
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Debi-Lee
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.affiliation: Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.|William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aklak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.affiliation: Newham University Hospital, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Plaistow, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Packe
authors.affiliation: Social Action for Health, The Brady Centre, London.
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayliss
authors.affiliation: Newham Transitional Practice, Newham, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Duncan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trathen
authors.affiliation: St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moss
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Viv
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anna Eleri
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eldridge
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001249:Asthma; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D055815:Young Adult