title: Wearing lead aprons in surgical operating rooms: ergonomic injuries evidenced by infrared thermography.
abstract: The purpose of this study is to quantify the impact of the weight of radiation protection lead aprons on the discomfort and the fatigue of the medical staff within an operating room of interventional gastroenterology. To quantify this fatigue, we analyzed variations of the physiological parameters, including heart rate, blood pressure, and cutaneous temperature; we compared two situations: the first within the classic endoscopy department (without apron) and the second within the operating room with apron. A follow-up study with lighter lead aprons was also conducted.
  
  
  
  We used infrared thermography as the principal method of analysis in our study. This technique permits us to obtain data, without body contact, of the spatial and temporal orientation of temperatures on subject skin. This method proves to be beneficial in the evaluation of the posture of users. The symmetry of the temperature evolution among the different body zones can contribute to the body balance analysis.
  
  
  
  Our results of the cutaneous temperatures obtained by infrared camera show significant differences in the muscular activity. All the muscular groups studied were revealed significant temperature increases. The temperature curve T2-T1 reveals the actual influence of carrying heavy apron loads. Regardless of the muscular group, this temperature increase varies on the range between 0.55°C and 0.95°C. The muscular groups most recruited are the trapezoids and pectorals. The muscles least recruited are those of the lower limbs.
  
  
  
  The study shows the impact of load bearing on the body mechanics of medical staff during work. It will be beneficial to develop this study to predict changes in skin temperature because of the various types of aprons and to determine the possible correlation between the thermal distribution and users' sense of comfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Enterology, Meaux Hospital, Meaux, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.affiliation: Department of Enterology, Meaux Hospital, Meaux, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: GRESPI, Research Group in Engineering Sciences, UFR Science, University of Reims, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.affiliation: GRESPI, Research Group in Engineering Sciences, UFR Science, University of Reims, France. Electronic address: Redha.taiar@univ-reims.fr.
authors.forename: Redha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taiar
authors.affiliation: GRESPI, Research Group in Engineering Sciences, UFR Science, University of Reims, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polidori
mesh_terms: D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead; D008297:Male; D009873:Operating Rooms; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013817:Thermography; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D007854:Lead
keywords: Back pain; Ergonomics; Hospital operating room; IR thermography; Lead aprons