title: Diagnosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis by detection of Leishmania-related antigen in urine and oral fluid samples.
abstract: Implementation of simple diagnostic tests using non-invasive collection of biological specimens is of great importance in the diagnosis of pediatric visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum. Latex agglutination kit (KAtex®) is widely used in the diagnosis mainly in L. donovani endemic areas. However its utilization in L. infantum endemic regions remains limited and its use on noninvasive biological specimen apart urine was not reported. In this study, KAtex®kit was used to detect Leishmania-related antigen in urine and oral fluid of 35 L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis cases and 62 controls including non-infectious disease and infectious disease controls (34 and 28 respectively). Sensitivity and specificity of urine based KAtex®were 51.4% and 98.3% respectively, whereas, sensitivity and specificity of oral-fluid based KAtex®were 80% and 88.3% respectively. Although, sensitivity of oral-fluid KAtex®was high, its specificity varied significantly according to the presence or the absence of an infectious disease (71.4% versus 97%, p=0.01).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Parasitology, Laboratoire de Recherche LR 11-IPT-06, Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ben-Abid
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Parasitology, Laboratoire de Recherche LR 11-IPT-06, Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Yousr
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Galaï
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department of the Regional Hospital of Kairouan, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Zakia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Habboul
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Department, Hospital la Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Rim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben-Abdelaziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Parasitology, Laboratoire de Recherche LR 11-IPT-06, Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ben-Sghaier
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Parasitology, Laboratoire de Recherche LR 11-IPT-06, Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Parasitology, Laboratoire de Recherche LR 11-IPT-06, Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. Electronic address: aida.bouratbine@pasteur.rns.
authors.forename: Aïda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouratbine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000276:immunology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014416:Tunisia
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan
keywords: KAtex(®); Latex agglutination assay; Leishmania infantum; Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis; Oral fluid; Urine