title: Heterogeneity and concordance in locus-specific differentiation and introgression between species of towhees.
abstract: The maintenance or breakdown of reproductive isolation is an observable outcome of secondary contact between species. In cases where hybrids beyond the F1 are formed, the representation of each species' ancestry can vary dramatically among genomic regions. This genomic heterogeneity in ancestry and introgression can offer insight into evolutionary processes, particularly if introgression is compared in multiple hybrid zones. Similarly, considerable heterogeneity exists across the genome in the extent to which populations and species have diverged, reflecting the combined effects of different evolutionary processes on genetic variation. We studied hybridization across two hybrid zones of two phenotypically well-differentiated bird species in Mexico (Pipilo maculatus and P. ocai), to investigate genomic heterogeneity in differentiation and introgression. Using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and hierarchical Bayesian models, we genotyped 460 birds at over 41 000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. We identified loci exhibiting extreme introgression relative to the genome-wide expectation using a Bayesian genomic cline model. We also estimated locus-specific FSTand identified loci with exceptionally high genetic divergence between the parental species. We found some concordance of locus-specific introgression in the two independent hybrid zones (6-20% of extreme loci shared across zones), reflecting areas of the genome that experience similar gene flow when the species interact. Additionally, heterogeneity in introgression and divergence across the genome revealed another subset of loci under the influence of locally specific factors. These results are consistent with a history in which reproductive isolation has been influenced by a common set of loci in both hybrid zones, but where local environmental and stochastic factors also lead to genomic differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Program in Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.|National Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.|Department of Biology and Coastal Studies Center, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Parchman
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gompert
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buerkle
authors.affiliation: Program in Behavior, Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.|National Museum of Natural History, Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D051456:Gene Flow; D005838:Genotype; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D008800:Mexico; D046109:Passeriformes / Q000235:genetics*; D060047:Reproductive Isolation
keywords: divergence; introgression; population genomics; reproductive isolation