title: Transcriptional Regulation and Transport of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloid in Catharanthus roseus: Exploration of New Research Directions.
abstract: As one of the model medicinal plants for exploration of biochemical pathways and molecular biological questions on complex metabolic pathways,Catharanthus roseussynthesizes more than 100 terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) used for clinical treatment of various diseases and for new drug discovery. Given that extensive studies have revealed the major metabolic pathways and the spatial-temporal biosynthesis of TIA inC. roseusplant, little is known about subcellular and inter-cellular trafficking or long-distance transport of TIA end products or intermediates, as well as their regulation. While these transport processes are indispensable for multi-organelle, -tissue and -cell biosynthesis, storage and their functions, great efforts have been made to explore these dynamic cellular processes. Progress has been made in past decades on transcriptional regulation of TIA biosynthesis by transcription factors as either activators or repressors; recent studies also revealed several transporters involved in subcellular and inter-cellular TIA trafficking. However, many details and the regulatory network for controlling the tissue-or cell-specific biosynthesis, transport and storage of serpentine and ajmalicine in root, catharanthine in leaf and root, vindoline specifically in leaf and vinblastine and vincristine only in green leaf and their biosynthetic intermediates remain to be determined. This review is to summarize the progress made in biosynthesis, transcriptional regulation and transport of TIAs. Based on analysis of organelle, tissue and cell-type specific biosynthesis and progresses in transport and trafficking of similar natural products, the transporters that might be involved in transport of TIAs and their synthetic intermediates are discussed; according to transcriptome analysis and bioinformatic approaches, the transcription factors that might be involved in TIA biosynthesis are analyzed. Further discussion is made on a broad context of transcriptional and transport regulation in order to guide our future research.
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China. liujiaqi0817@163.com.|Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China. liujiaqi0817@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiaqi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China. cai.junjun@foxmail.com.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China. wangray1987@163.com.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130047, China. jlyangs@163.com.
authors.forename: Shihai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D030008:Catharanthus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D046948:Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids
keywords: biosynthesis; compartmentation; regulatory network; terpenoid indole alkaloids; transcription factor; transporter