title: The Effect of Hierarchical Micro/Nanotextured Titanium Implants on Osseointegration Immediately After Tooth Extraction in Beagle Dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Owing to simplify the operation and shorten the overall duration of treatment, immediate implantation earned much satisfactory from patients and dentists. The results of immediate implantation determined by osseointegration, we fabricated a micro/nanotextured titanium implants to improve osseointegration immediately after tooth extraction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hierarchical micro/nanotextured titanium implant on osseointegration immediately after tooth extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The micro/nanotextured titanium implants were fabricated by etching with 0.5 wt% hydrofluoric (HF) acid followed by anodization in HF electrolytes. Implants with a machined surface as well as implants a microtextured surface prepared by 0.5 wt% HF etching served as control groups. The machined, microtextured, and micro/nanotextured implants were inserted into fresh sockets immediately after tooth extraction in beagle dogs. Twelve weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed for micro-CT scanning, histological analysis and biomechanical test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The micro-CT imaging revealed that the bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) in the micro/nanotextured group was significantly higher than that in the machined group and microtextured group, and the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in the micro/nanotextured group was significantly lower than that in the other groups. For the histological analysis, the bone-to-implant contact in the machined, micro and micro/nanotextured groups were 47.13 ± 6.2%, 54.29 ± 4.18%, and 63.38 ± 7.63%, respectively, and the differences significant. The maximum pull-out force in the machined, micro, and micro/nanotextured groups were 216.58 ± 38.71 N, 259.42 ± 28.93 N, and 284.73 ± 47.09 N, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicated that implants with a hierarchical micro/nanotextured can promote osseointegration immediately after tooth extraction.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anuj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellare
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bingkun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous; D004285:Dogs; D014025:Titanium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: immediate implantation; implant; micro/nano; osseointegration; surface modification