title: Bactericidal laser ablation of carbon dots: An in vitro study on wild-type and antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were irradiated with a 808-nm diode laser in the presence of different concentrations of carbon dots (C-dots). The effects of laser irradiation and C-dots on the bactericidal activity were separately investigated. The results indicated that without laser irradiation, C-dots caused to a significant cease in the colony formation of both wild and methicillin-resistance types of S. aureus in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, the bactericidal effect of C-dots was accelerated upon laser irradiation. Mechanistic studies revealed that formation of reactive oxygen species and protein leakage, which occurred in the presence of C-dots, were greatly accelerated by laser irradiation. Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images showed morphological changes in the bacterial surfaces in the presence of C-dots upon laser irradiations, while almost no changes in the bacteria morphology were observed in the presence of C-dots alone. Outer membrane damage was a synergism result of laser irradiation and presence of C-dots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: sattarahmady@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sattarahmady
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezaie-Yazdi
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tondro
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akbari
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007834:Lasers; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon
keywords: Antimicrobial activity; Carbon dots; Microbial resistance; Photoabsorbent agent; Photothermal therapy; Staphylococcus aureus