title: Predictors of Serum Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Concentrations among Children Aged 1-5 Years.
abstract: Serum concentrations of PBDEs were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 80 children aged 15-71 months. Demographic and behavioral data were collected on parental questionnaires; a research nurse recorded anthropometric measures and insurance status. For a subset of children (n = 17), PBDEs were measured in house dust and child handwipes sampled during a home visit. In linear and Tobit regression, log-transformed PBDE congeners were modeled as a function of child characteristics, including neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators. BDE congeners 47, 99, and 100 were highly correlated and summed for analysis; BDE-153 was examined individually. PBDE serum concentrations were associated with socioeconomic factors; for example, a $20,000 increase in median household income in a child's ZIP code was associated with a 34% decrease (95%CI = 14-49%) in BDE-153 and a 26% decrease (95%CI = 6-42%) in ∑BDE-47,-99,-100. Lower body-mass index (BMI) z-score and household smoking were strong predictors of higher BDE-153 levels. Among children who participated in a home visit, serum PBDE was positively correlated with handwipe PBDE (Spearman r ∑BDE-47, -99, -100 = 0.48, p = 0.09), but not dust PBDE. Results indicate socioeconomic factors and BMI are strong predictors of serum PBDE levels among young children. PBDEs measured on handwipes are more predictive of serum PBDE levels than vacuum-collected dust.
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada , Reno, Nevada 89557, United States.
authors.forename: Lyndsey A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0137-8975
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Darrow
authors.forename: Melanie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.
authors.forename: Emma V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.affiliation: Battelle Memorial Institute , Atlanta, Georgia 30329, United States.
authors.forename: Grace E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Parinya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panuwet
authors.forename: Ronald E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers