title: Impact of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals on the Agricultural Environment: A Re-inspection.
abstract: The use of veterinary pharmaceuticals (VPs) is a result of growing animal production. Manure, a great crop fertilizer, contains a significant amount of VPs. The investigation of VPs in manure is prevalent, because of the potential risk for environmental organisms, as well as human health. A re-evaluation of the impact of veterinary pharmaceuticals on the agricultural environment is needed, even though several publications appear every year. The aim of this review was to collate the data from fields investigated for the presence of VPs as an inevitable component of manure. Data on VP concentrations in manure, soils, groundwater and plants were collected from the literature. All of this was connected with biotic and abiotic degradation, leaching and plant uptake. The data showed that the sorption of VPs into soil particles is a process which decreases the negative impact of VPs on the microbial community, the pollution of groundwater, and plant uptake. What was evident was that most of the data came from experiments conducted under conditions different from those in the environment, resulting in an overestimation of data (especially in the case of leaching). The general conclusion is that the application of manure on crop fields leads to a negligible risk for plants, bacteria, and finally humans, but in future every group of compounds needs to be investigated separately, because of the high divergence of properties.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Łukaszewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maszkowska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mulkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumirska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stepnowski
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland. magda.caban@ug.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caban
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Agricultural environment; Bacterial resistance; Pharmaceutical residues; Pharmaceuticals in manure; Plant toxicity; Veterinary pharmaceuticals