title: Physicochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Activity of Bee Honey Enriched With Herbs.
abstract: Three groups of products enriched with herbs were studied: (1) commercial herb honeys (n = 5) produced by bees fed a syrup with an herbal extract, (2) natural herbal honey (n = 3) produced by bees from the nectar of herbs, and (3) creamed multifloral honey with added dried herbs (n = 5). As a control, multifloral honey (n = 5) was used. The physicochemical parameters (i.e., sugar extract, water content, specific rotation, conductivity, hydroxymethylfurfural content, pH and acidity), sugar profiles (HPLC analysis), antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds content of the studied samples were compared. Although great diversity in the basic properties of the studied products was observed, they were comparable to multifloral honey and complied with honey regulations. Significant differences in sugar composition were observed, and adversely positive rotation (excluding nettle herb honey) was detected in group 1, likely resulting from the change in bee feeding. The best antioxidant activity for creamed honeys with dried herbs (group 2) was investigated, whereas herb honeys (group 1) exhibited similar antioxidant properties as multifloral honey. The use of controlled feeding of bees appears to be an effective method of enriching honey with desirable plant bioactive components to create innovative bee products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland. mdzugan@ur.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dżugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwaśniewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wesołowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenergy Technology, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, University of Rzeszów, Ćwiklińskiej 1a, 35-601, Rzeszów, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czernicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001516:Bees / Q000737:chemistry*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D006722:Honey / Q000032:analysis*; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002241:Carbohydrates; D010636:Phenols; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D005662:Furaldehyde
keywords: Antioxidant properties; Bee feeding; Herb; Honey