title: Molecular characterization of a distinct monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellites and alphasatellites infecting Pisum sativum in Nepal.
abstract: Pea (Pisum sativum) plants exhibiting leaf distortion, yellowing, stunted growth and reduction in leaf size from Rampur, Nepal were shown to be infected by a begomovirus in association with betasatellites and alphasatellites. The begomovirus associated with the disease showed only low levels of nucleotide sequence identity (<91%) to previously characterized begomoviruses. This finding indicates that the pea samples were infected with an as yet undescribed begomovirus for which the name Pea leaf distortion virus (PLDV) is proposed. Two species of betasatellite were identified in association with PLDV. One group of sequences had high (>78%) nucleotide sequence identity to isolates of Ludwigia leaf distortion betasatellite (LuLDB), and the second group had less than 78% to all other betasatellite sequences. This showed PLDV to be associated with either LuLDB or a previously undescribed betasatellite for which the name Pea leaf distortion betasatellite is proposed. Two types of alphasatellites were identified in the PLDV-infected pea plants. The first type showed high levels of sequence identity to Ageratum yellow vein alphasatellite, and the second type showed high levels of identity to isolates of Sida yellow vein China alphasatellite. These are the first begomovirus, betasatellites and alphasatellites isolated from pea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, 123, Muscat, Oman. mshahid@squ.edu.om.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.|Kisankalagi Unnat Biu-Bijan Karyakram Improved Seed for Farmers Program (KUBK-ISFP), District, Seed Coordinator, Janakinagar-3 Rupandehi, Butwal, Nepal.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Pudashini
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Chitwan, 44209, Nepal.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Khatri-Chhetri
authors.affiliation: Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Briddon
authors.affiliation: Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Natsuaki
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D053839:Begomovirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000235:genetics*; D016679:Genome, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009390:Nepal; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000821:virology*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded
keywords: Alphasatellite; Begomovirus; Betasatellite; Geminiviridae; Pisum sativum