title: Wrinkled Surface-Mediated Antibacterial Activity of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets.
abstract: Surface wrinkles are commonly observed in large-scale of graphene films. As a new feature, the wrinkled surface of graphene films may directly affect bacterial viability by means of various interactions of bacterial cells with graphene sheets. In the present study, we introduce a wrinkled surface geometry of graphene oxide (GO) thin films for antibacterial application. Highly wrinkled GO films were formed by vacuum filtration of a GO suspension through a prestrained filter. Several types of wrinkled GO surfaces were obtained with different roughness grades determined by root-mean-square values. Antibacterial activity of the fabricated GO films toward three different bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus, was evaluated in relation to surface roughness. Because of their nanoscopically corrugated nature, the wrinkled GO films exhibited excellent antibacterial properties. On the basis of our detailed observations, we propose a novel concept of the surrounded contact-based mechanism for antimicrobial activity of wrinkled GO films. It postulates formation of a mechanically robust GO surface "trap" that prompts interaction of bacteria with the diameter-matched GO sink, which results in substantial damages to the bacterial cell membrane. We believe that our approach uncovered a novel use of a promising two-dimensional material for highly effective antibacterial treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.|High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
authors.forename: Fengming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.|Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Centre for Environmental and Energy Nanomaterials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Hongjian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: ACI Process & Structure Development Group, Samsung Electro-Mechanics , Suwon 16674, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do Young
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Junyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Un
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Eom
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University , 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-0957
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suck Won
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7291-1020
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaebeom
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4563-2883
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004926:Escherichia coli; D006108:Graphite; D049329:Nanostructures; D010087:Oxides; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite
keywords: antibacterial activity; graphene oxide; molecular dynamics; nanosheet; surface roughness