title: Molecular detection and genetic diversity of bovine Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale in beef cattle in Thailand.
abstract: Babesia spp., Theileria orientalis, and Anaplasma marginale are significant tick-borne pathogens that affect the health and productivity of cattle in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we used PCR to detect the presence of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and T. orientalis in 279 beef cattle from Western Thailand and A. marginale in 608 beef cattle from the north, northeastern, and western regions. The PCRs were performed using species-specific primers based on the B. bovis spherical body protein 2 (BboSBP2), B. bigemina rhoptry-associated protein 1a (BbiRAP-1a), T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (ToMPSP), and A. marginale major surface protein 4 (AmMSP4) genes. To determine the genetic diversity of the above parasites, amplicons of B. bovis and B. bigemina ITS1-5.8s rRNA gene-ITS2 regions (B. bovis ITS, B. bigemina ITS), ToMPSP, and AmMSP4 genes were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. PCR results revealed that the prevalence of B. bovis, B. bigemina, T. orientalis, and A. marginale in the Western region was 11.1, 12.5, 7.8, and 39.1 %, respectively. Coinfections of two or three parasites were observed in 17.9 % of the animals sampled. The study revealed that the prevalence of A. marginale in the western region was higher than in the north and northeastern regions (7 %). Sequence analysis showed the BboSBP2 gene to be more conserved than B. bovis ITS in the different isolates and, similarly, the BbiRAP-1a was more conserved than B. bigemina ITS. In the phylogenetic analysis, T. orientalis MPSP sequences were classified into types 3, 5, and 7 as previously reported. A. marginale MSP4 gene sequences shared high identity and similarity with each other and clustered with isolates from other countries. This study provides information on the prevalence and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens in beef cattle and highlights the need for effective strategies to control these pathogens in Thailand.
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.|Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Charoonluk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jirapattharasate
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Paul Franck
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Adjou Moumouni
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Mingming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Guanbo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Mo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vudriko
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Artemis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Efstratiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Tanasak
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Changbunjong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pre-clinic and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sivapong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sungpradit
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Parntep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ratanakorn
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Walasinee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Moonarmart
authors.affiliation: The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Poonyapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sedwisai
authors.affiliation: The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
authors.forename: Thekhawet
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weluwanarak
authors.affiliation: Livestock and Wildlife Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Saiyok District, Kanchanaburi, 71150, Thailand.
authors.forename: Witsanu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wongsawang
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan. gen@obihiro.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Xuenan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xuan
mesh_terms: D042322:Anaplasma marginale / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D000818:Animals; D001403:Babesia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016793:Babesia bovis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000662:veterinary; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016794:Theileria / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013801:Theileriasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan
keywords: Anaplasma marginale; Babesia spp.; Beef cattle; Phylogenetic tree; Thailand; Theileria orientalis