title: Management and outcomes of scoliosis in children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the management and outcomes of CDH patients with scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1996 to August 2015, 26 of 380 (7%) CDH patients were diagnosed with scoliosis. Six (23%) were prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound, and 9 (35%) were diagnosed postnatally. The remaining 11 (42%) developed scoliosis after discharge. Mean follow-up was 6.6years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 15 patients with congenital scoliosis, there were 2 (13%) perinatal deaths. Five of the 13 (38%) survivors required orthopedic surgery, and 2 have required bracing. The mean age at initial surgery was 7years. These five children underwent an average of 2.8 (range 1-7) expansions or revisions. All surgical patients required supplemental oxygen at 28days of life, and 1 required a tracheostomy. None of the 11 patients who developed scoliosis later in life required surgery, but 3 have required bracing. Six of the 11 (55%) required a patch repair for CDH compared to 158 of 264 (60%) CDH patients without scoliosis (p=0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis of scoliosis in CDH patients is associated with a high rate of surgery. There was not a higher incidence of patch repair among patients who developed scoliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prognosis. Retrospective study, level II.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Antiel
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Waqar
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Herkert
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Natalie E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Rintoul
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Peranteau
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Flake
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: N Scott
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adzick
authors.affiliation: The Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Center for Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome, and the Division of Orthopedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: hedrick@email.chop.edu.
authors.forename: Holly L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Hedrick
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia; Scoliosis