title: Faunal Distribution and Seasonal Bio-Ecology of Naturally Infected Sand Flies in a New Endemic Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Focus of Southern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major health problem in Iran in spite of implementation of control program. This infectious disease caused morbidity in less than 27000 people in 2010. This study was set to determine some ecological aspects of sand flies in Fasa district, Fars Province, southern Iran during 2011-2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4792 sand flies were captured by means of sticky paper and CDC miniature light traps in 10 selected villages from the beginning to the end of the active season, from which 1115 specimens were captured for abundance study and 3677 specimens captured for monitoring monthly activities in Fasa. After species identification, extracted DNA was processed for detection ofLeishmaniaparasite infection in sand flies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve species (6Phlebotomus, 6Sergentomyia) were identified. The most common sand fly wasP. papatasi(82.4%) which represented 86.6% of sand flies from indoors and 82.7% from outdoors. The monthly activity of the species extended from April to the end of November. There were two peaks in the density curve of this species, one in June and the second in September. Natural infection toL. majorwas detected inP. papatasi(25 out of 130 sand flies, 19.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phlebotomus papatasiis considered as a main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Fasa, Fars Province, south of Iran.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Kourosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hayedeh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parvinjahromi
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Djaefar
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moemenbellah-Fard
authors.affiliation: Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahador
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarkari
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fakoorziba
keywords: Iran; Leishmania; Phlebotomus; Sand flies; Vector