title: Development of Streptococcus agalactiae vaccines for tilapia.
abstract: Vaccination is a widely accepted and effective method to prevent most pathogenic diseases in aquaculture. Various species of tilapia, especially Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, are farmed worldwide because of their high consumer demand. Recently, the tilapia-breeding industry has been hampered by outbreaks of Streptococcus agalactiae infection, which cause high mortality and huge economic losses. Many researchers have attempted to develop effective S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia. This review provides a summary of the different kinds of S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia that have been developed recently. Among the various vaccine types, inactivated S. agalactiae vaccines showed superior protection efficiency when compared with live attenuated, recombinant and DNA vaccines. With respect to vaccination method, injecting the vaccine into tilapia provided the most effective immunoprotection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant appeared to be suitable for tilapia vaccines. Other factors, such as immunization duration and number, fish size and challenge dose, also influenced the vaccine efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
authors.forename: Guangjin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jielian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Kangming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Huochun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yongjie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chengping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000276:immunology*; D017210:Tilapia
chemical_list: D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines
keywords: Adjuvant; Nile tilapia; Oreochromis niloticus · Vaccine; Relative percent survival; Streptococcus agalactiae