title: Preoperative Feeding Neonates With Cardiac Disease.
abstract: The potential for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates requiring cardiac surgery has contributed largely to wide feeding practice variations and a hesitation to initiate enteral feeding during the preoperative period, specifically those patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
  
  
  
  A retrospective chart review of neonates undergoing cardiac surgery at a single institution between July 2011 and July 2013 was performed. The primary objective of this study was to determine if preoperative feeding was associated with NEC in neonates requiring cardiac surgery. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative feeding and NEC. Secondary outcomes including growth failure, total ventilator days, total length of stay, and tube-assisted feeds at discharge were analyzed.
  
  
  
  One hundred thirty consecutive neonates who required cardiac surgery were included in the analysis. Preoperative feeding occurred in 61% (n = 79). The overall prevalence of NEC was 9% (12/130), including three neonates with surgical NEC. There was no difference in the prevalence of NEC between the preoperative feeding and nil per os (NPO) groups. Preoperative NPO status was associated with longer ventilator-dependent days ( P = .01) but was not associated with worsened growth failure, longer length of stay, or increased prevalence of tube-assisted feeds at discharge.
  
  
  
  In this study cohort, preoperative feeding was associated with a low prevalence of NEC. Larger prospective studies evaluating the safety and benefits of preoperative feeding in cardiac neonates are warranted.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, The Heart Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Carly J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Scahill
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Atz
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Minoo N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Kavarana
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: Sinai C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zyblewski
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: congenital heart disease; congenital heart surgery; intensive care; neonate; nutrition; outcomes; preoperative care