title: Microarray analysis of long noncoding RNA expression patterns in diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in various biological processes and human diseases. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We explored the potential functions of lncRNAs in DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  We established a mouse model of DN and compared lncRNA expression patterns between DN model and db/m control mouse kidney tissues using microarray analysis. lncRNA function was predicted by gene ontology enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses of lncRNAs-coexpressed mRNAs. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR was used for validation. Cis- and trans-regulation analyses were conducted to reveal potential relationships between lncRNAs and their target genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In DN, 311 lncRNAs were dysregulated. LncRNA-coexpressed mRNAs were mainly targeted to golgi apparatus (ontology: cellular component), catalytic activity (ontology: molecular function), and mitotic nuclear division (ontology: biological process), and were mostly enriched in glutathione metabolism signaling. One hundred forty-seven lncRNAs were regarded as cis-regulatory. Several groups of lncRNAs may participate in biological pathways related to DN via trans-regulation of protein-coding genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hundreds of lncRNAs are dysregulated in DN. These lncRNAs might be involved in the pathogenesis of DN by modulating multiple molecular pathways. Our findings provide potential candidate biomarkers for predicting or diagnosing DN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Yancheng First People's Hospital, Yancheng, 224006, China.
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China; Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing, 210002, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
authors.forename: Yamin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
authors.forename: Xiaolong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China. Electronic address: luyibing2004@126.com.
authors.forename: Yibing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000,China. Electronic address: dingdafa2004@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Dafa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D063990:Gene Ontology; D016678:Genome; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Biomarkers; Diabetic nephropathy; Long noncoding RNA; MAPK; Microarray analysis