title: Two sulfonate metabolites of physalin A in rats.
abstract: 1. Physalin A is a bioactive withanolide isolated from the natural plant Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii (Solanaceae), a common traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This study aims to investigate the metabolites of physalin A in vivo. 2. Two metabolites (M1 and M2) were characterized as sulfonate metabolites in the feces obtained from rats treated with physalin A orally at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day for 3 days, by application of a UPLC-Q/TOF-MS method. Furthermore, formation of the two sulfonate metabolites was verified by chemical synthesis and NMR, including1H NMR,13C NMR and two-dimensional NMR. The structures of M1 and M2 were identified to be 3α-sulfo-2,25β,27-trihydrophysalin A and 3α,27-disulfo-2,25α-dihydrophysalin A, respectively. 3. In summary, this study indicated that physalin A could be biotransformed to sulfonate metabolites with strong polarity, which contributed to the elimination of physalin A. A rare metabolic pathway has been revealed in this study.
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.|b Department of Natural Products Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China , and.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.|b Department of Natural Products Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China , and.
authors.forename: Guiyang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Paul Owusu
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Donkor
authors.affiliation: c Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liqin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: a School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.|b Department of Natural Products Chemistry , School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P.R. China , and.|c Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine , Tianjin , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051381:Rats; D054358:Withanolides / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054358:Withanolides; C574201:physalin A
keywords: Physalin A; Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii; sulfonate metabolites; withanolide