title: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates the impact of a negative mood induction.
abstract: High frequency repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been found to alleviate depressive symptoms. However, the mechanisms driving these effects are still poorly understood. In the current study, we tested the idea that this intervention protects against negative mood shifts following emotional provocation. We furthermore explored changes in EEG activity (frontal alpha asymmetry) and effects on attentional processing (emotional Stroop). To this end, 23 healthy individuals participated in two sessions separated by one week, whereby they once received 15 min of 10Hz rTMS stimulation (1500 pulses) at 110% of the individual motor threshold, and once sham stimulation. Then, negative mood was induced using sad movie clips. The results revealed a significantly stronger mood decline following rTMS compared to sham stimulation. No changes were observed in frontal alpha asymmetry and attentional processing. Our findings are at odds with the view that high frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC directly protects against the induction of negative mood, but rather suggest that it enhances the effects of emotional provocation. Possibly, in healthy young individuals, this stimulation protocol heightens susceptibility to mood induction procedures in general.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Möbius
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lylis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lacomblé
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis J L G
authors.initials: DJLG
authors.lastname: Schutter
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gielkens
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Eni S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LVR-Clinic Essen, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Indira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tendolkar
authors.affiliation: Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.|Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Eijndhoven
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000513:Alpha Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D057190:Stroop Test; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: DLPFC; alpha asymmetry; depression; negative mood induction; repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation