title: The use of various biomaterials in computer-guided crestal sinus lift procedures. A report on two case studies with volume comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the context of the transcrestal maxillary sinus lift a wide variety of biomaterials have been used to fill the subantral space over the years. In this study, two types of biomaterials were used in order to fill the maxillary sinus: a nano-crystallized hydroxyapatite in an aqueous solution and a micronized heterologous bone in a collagen matrix.
  
  
  METHODS
  The surgical procedures were designed and carried out using computer-guided surgery. The filling volume obtained was measured with a comparative software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A ≥ 6 millimeter augmentation of osseous volume was obtained. This result is comparable to those obtained in lifts where conventional techniques were applied. The technique used was very precise and the difference between the projected and clinical outcome of the implant position had an average of less than 0.3 millimeters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique allows for the surgery to be performed in a way which is both minimally traumatic and invasive, and represents a viable alternative to those surgical techniques for crestal sinus lift currently in use.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lico
authors.affiliation: Unit of Otolaryngology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ormanier
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carinci
keywords: Schneiderian; computer guided surgery; graft; lift; maxillary; membrane; sinus