title: Radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockades: a snapshot in 2016.
abstract: Immune checkpoint blockades including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have been emerged as a promising anticancer therapy. Several immune checkpoint blockades have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and have shown notable success in clinical trials for patients with advanced melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Radiotherapy is a promising combination partner of immune checkpoint blockades due to its potent pro-immune effect. This review will cover the current issue and the future perspectives for combined with radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockades based upon the available preclinical and clinical data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Taeryool
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: In Ah
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4; Immune checkpoint blockades; Programmed cell death 1 receptor; Radiotherapy