title: To create a consensus on malnutrition diagnostic criteria: A report from the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) meeting at the ESPEN Congress 2016.
abstract: During the ESPEN Congress in Copenhagen, Denmark (September 2016) representatives of the 4 largest global PEN-societies from Europe (ESPEN), USA (ASPEN), Asia (PENSA) and Latin America (FELANPE), and from national PEN-societies around the world met to continue the conversation on how to diagnose malnutrition that started during the Clinical Nutrition Week, Austin, USA (February 2016). Current thinking on diagnostic approaches was shared; ESPEN suggested a grading approach that could encompass various types of signs, symptoms and etiologies to support diagnosis. ASPEN emphasized where the parties agree; i.e. that the three major published approaches (ESPEN, ASPEN/AND and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)) all propose weight loss as a key indicator for malnutrition. FELANPE suggested that the anticipated consensus approach needs to prioritize a diagnostic methodology that is available for everybody since resources differ globally. PENSA highlighted that BMI varies by ethnicity/race, and that sarcopenia/muscle mass evaluation is important for the diagnosis of malnutrition. A Core Working Committee of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been established (comprised of two representatives each from the 4 largest PEN-societies) that will lead consensus development in collaboration with a larger Working Group with broad global representation, using e-mail, telephone conferences, and face-to-face meetings during the up-coming ASPEN and ESPEN Congresses. Transparency and external input will be sought. Objectives include: 1. Consensus development around evidence-based criteria for broad application. 2. Promotion of global dissemination of the consensus criteria. 3. Seeking adoption by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital and Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: Tommy.Cederholm@pubcare.uu.se.
authors.forename: Tommy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cederholm
authors.affiliation: The Dean's Office and Department of Medicine, The University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA.
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D032921:Consensus; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000175:diagnosis; D012958:Societies, Scientific; D014481:United States; D015431:Weight Loss
keywords: Consensus; Diagnosis; Malnutrition; Undernutrition