title: Endoscopic management of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy stenosis.
abstract: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming an increasingly popular form of bariatric surgery, accounting for more than 50% of these procedures performed in the USA. Given this popularity, more is being understood about the complications associated with LSG, which, though uncommon, include the formation of strictures and stenosis. The purpose of this study is to establish a safe and effective protocol for the treatment of stenosis post-LSG using endoscopic balloon dilatation.
  
  
  
  This is a prospective review of 26 patients who had undergone LSG in Kuwait, followed by sleeve gastrectomy stenosis (SGS) and were then referred to Amiri Hospital for endoscopic balloon dilatation from October 2008 up to June 2016.
  
  
  
  A total of 26 patients (four males; 22 females) presented with symptoms of stenosis post-LSG during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 34.6 ± 10.8 years. The mean body mass index at the time of surgery was 43 ± 1.6 kg/m2. The median interval from the initial LSG surgery was 95 days. Nine patients had an early presentation (≤3 months from surgery), while 17 presented late (>3 months). The patients were followed for a mean duration of 156 ± 20 days from the last endoscopic balloon dilatation. A total of 23 (88.5%) patients had complete resolution of their symptoms. Adverse events were observed in one patients, who was removed from the study.
  
  
  
  Gastric stenosis is a rare but potentially serious complication of LSG. Serial dilatation of SGS employing endoscopic balloons is a safe method of treatment, with high efficacy rates. This new method may offer a less invasive alternative to surgical revision. However, if endoscopic treatment fails, surgery is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.|Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait. salman.k.alsabah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8081-8544
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Sabah
authors.affiliation: Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Al Haddad
authors.affiliation: Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait.|Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Siddique
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Dilatation; Endoscopy; Kuwait; Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; Obesity; Stenosis; Strictures