title: Evaluating the Adaptation Process of Sandfly Fauna to Anthropized Environments in a Leishmaniasis Transmission Area in the Brazilian Amazon.
abstract: Phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) are vectors of several etiological agents of human and animal diseases, including protozoans of the gender Leishmania. Precarious socioeconomic conditions and uncontrolled population growth directly influence the transmission risk of parasites and the urbanization of vector species, previously restricted to wild environments. The Marajó Archipelago is considered a high incidence area of leishmaniasis in the Brazilian Amazon. However, it is poorly studied. The aim of this study was to assess the adaptation processes of phlebotomine species to anthropized environments in this region. For this purpose, the phlebotomine fauna was compared between three municipalities of the Marajó Archipelago: Anajás, Portel, and São Sebastião da Boa Vista. To survey the phlebotomine fauna, CDC (Center for Disease Control) light traps were installed in the wild areas and in the intra and peridomiciliary areas of rural and urban environments. The environments studied presented a diversified phlebotomine fauna, with higher richness in the wild environment (15 species), followed by the rural (seven species), and finally, the urban environment (three species). A migration of wild fauna to the adjacent anthropized areas (rural environment) and to urban areas was observed, evidencing the adaptation process of this vector to anthropized environments in the studied region. Thus, our study evidenced that the disorganized human occupation and utilization of the landscape might cause the invasion of urban areas by wild populations of phlebotomines, in this way enabling the settlement of urban leishmaniasis transmission cycles.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (ingridgarciiar@gmail.com; ivisilva8@yahoo.com.br).
authors.forename: Ingrid N G
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Rosário
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR, Brasil (andreyandrade@ufpr.br).
authors.forename: Andrey J de
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (ligeirobio@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ligeiro
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Virologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (rishak@ufpa.br).
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishak
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Parasitologia, ICB, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil (ingridgarciiar@gmail.com; ivisilva8@yahoo.com.br).
authors.forename: Ivoneide M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D025041:Animal Migration; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D004777:Environment; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000502:physiology; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D011156:Population Density
keywords: Brazilian Amazon; leishmaniasis; phlebotominae; vector environmental adaptation