title: The efficiency of child formula dentifrices containing different calcium and phosphate compounds on artificial enamel caries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fluoride toothpaste has been extensively used to prevent dental caries. However, the risk of fluorosis is concerning, especially in young children. Calcium phosphate has been an effective remineralizing agent and is present in commercial dental products, with no risk of fluorosis to users. Thisin vitrostudy aimed to compare the effects of different calcium phosphate compounds and fluoride-containing dentifrices on artificial caries in primary teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty sound primary incisors were coated with nail varnish, leaving two 1 mm2windows on the labial surface before immersion in demineralizing solution for 96 hours to produce artificial enamel lesions. Subsequently, one window from each tooth was coated with nail varnish, and all 50 teeth were divided into five groups (n= 10); group A - deionized water; group B - casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste (Tooth Mousse); group C - 500 ppm F (Colgate Spiderman®); group D - nonfluoridated toothpaste with triple calcium phosphate (Pureen®); and group E - tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Polarized light microscopy and Image-Pro®Plus software were used to evaluate lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a 7-day pH-cycle, mean lesion depths in groups A, B, C, D, and E had increased by 57.52 ± 10.66%, 33.28 ± 10.16%, 17.04 ± 4.76%, 32.51 ± 8.99%, and 21.76 ± 8.15%, respectively. All data were processed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 16.0) software package. Comparison of percentage changes using one-way analysis of variance and Fisher's least squares difference tests at a 95% level of confidence demonstrated that group A was significantly different from the other groups (P< 0.001). Lesions in groups B and D had a significant lesion progression when compared with groups C and E.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All toothpastes in this study had the potential to delay the demineralization progression of artificial enamel caries in primary teeth. The fluoride 500 ppm and TCP toothpastes were equal in the deceleration of enamel caries progression and better than CPP-ACP paste and TCP toothpaste.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Praphasri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rirattanapong
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kadkao
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vongsavan
authors.affiliation: Research Office, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chavengkiat
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saengsirinavin
authors.affiliation: Dental Clinic, Pakkred Hospital, Nonthaburi Province, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ploychompoo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khumsub
keywords: Artificial caries; calcium lactate; casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; primary teeth; toothpaste; tricalcium phosphate