title: Physicochemical Characteristics of Brazilian Green Propolis Evaluated During a Six-Year Period.
abstract: Propolis has been used as a natural health product mainly due to the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic aldehydes, amino acids, vitamins and others bioactive constituents. To this natural substance are attributed different biological and pharmacological properties which are influenced by its chemical composition and organoleptic properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and parameters of green propolis collected during a period of six years (2008-2013) in the state of Minas Gerais, located at the southeastern region of Brazil.
  
  
  
  The methodology were in accordance with Brazilian legislation on the identity and quality standards of propolis. The evaluated parameters of hydroalcoholic from green propolis were total flavonoids, antioxidant activity - DPPH method, oxidation index, wax content, humidity and insoluble impurities.
  
  
  
  Propolis samples collected in different seasons during the years 2008 to 2013 presented mean values of total flavonoids (3.4 ± 0.11 mg/g), antioxidant activity DPPH (4.76 ± 0.16 μg/mL), oxidation index (3, 4 ± 0.33 seconds) and wax (15.14 ± 0.78% m/m), which are in accordance with Brazilian legislation.
  
  
  
  Green propolis did not show abrupt seasonal changes during the six years of investigation, and may be considered as an adequate functional ingredient.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte (IEP/SCBH), Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Departamento de Alimentos, Escola de Nutricao, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte (IEP/SCBH), Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nancy S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Binda
authors.affiliation: DEFAR, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sidney A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vieira-Filho
authors.affiliation: Nectar Farmaceutica, Rodovia MG 435, Km 2.5. Caeté, Minas Gerais, 34800-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno de Moura
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Nectar Farmaceutica, Rodovia MG 435, Km 2.5. Caeté, Minas Gerais, 34800-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sheila R L
authors.initials: SRL
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.affiliation: Pharmanectar, Rua Pernambuco 1066, Belo Horizonte 30130-151, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Niraldo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Glaucia M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pastore
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helia H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane C T
authors.initials: VCT
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eulália V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Tapia
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Yong K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte (IEP/SCBH), Rua Domingos Vieira, 590, Belo Horizonte, 30150-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rachel B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Caligiorne
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D031175:Baccharis; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D001938:Brazil; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012621:Seasons; D014885:Waxes / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D014885:Waxes; D011429:Propolis; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: Baccharis dracunculifolia; Green propolis; antioxidant activity; physicochemical properties; seasonal influence; total flavonoids