title: Rapid stability of ferroelectric polarization in the Ca, Ce hybrid doped BaTiO3ceramics.
abstract: In this work, we report a rapid stability phenomenon of ferroelectric polarization in the Ca, Ce hybrid doped BaTiO3ceramics (BCaxT+BTCe8) (x = 10, 20, 24, 30 mol%) prepared by separate doping Ca2+and Ce4+ions. Double hysteresis loops are identified in the aged BCaxT+BTCe8 samples; meanwhile, the polarization of these loops present a rapid decrease within very short aging time (about 1 h), and then the polarization remains almost unchanged over the followed ~1000 h. This phenomenon is not reported in previous researches. Raman scattering spectrum indicates that oxygen vacancies are generated because of Ca2+ions entering into Ti sites partly in the BCaxT+BTCe8 samples, and then the oxygen vacancies are quantitatively characterized by half of the Ce3+content through the XPS test. The emergence of the aging phenomenon is explained through the defect dipole reorientation mechanism. The larger radius of Ca2+ions is further discussed as a possible reason for the rapid stability phenomenon of ferroelectric polarization. It may provide an effective design method from the viewpoint of the ionic radius to accelerate polarization stability, and thus to facilitate the possible practical applications of the aging effect.
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Lixue
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Xiujing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
authors.forename: Dawei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang