title: Avoiding complications in endoscopic skull base surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic skull base surgery has become an established approach for the removal of tumors and cerebrospinal fluid fistulae repair. Compared with external approaches, it provides better aesthetic results and quality of life postoperatively. However, as it becomes popular and expands its indications possible complications should be reassessed in terms of incidence and variability in order to confirm its efficacy and safety. This article reviews the recent literature describing the main categories of possible complications suggesting strategies to minimize their incidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detailed preoperative planning based on imaging and histology can prevent major complications. Intraoperative use of image guidance and meticulous hemostasis provide the surgical field needed to avoid complications. Postoperative patient counseling, along with close and detailed nasal postoperative care are significant factors for an optimal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Monitoring of complications after endoscopic skull base surgery is necessary in order to standardize protocols of management and improve our surgical techniques. The presence of late onset complications underlines the need of a special focus in postoperative care and follow-up.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Academic ORL Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Jannis
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Constantinidis
authors.forename: Iordanis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Konstantinidis
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D057605:Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D044583:Neuroendoscopy / Q000379:methods; D061646:Operative Time; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome