title: Meta-analysis of Driving Cessation and Dementia: Does Sex Matter?
abstract: The number of drivers with dementia is expected to increase over the coming decades. Because dementia is associated with a higher risk of crashes, driving cessation becomes inevitable as the disease progresses, but many people with dementia resist stopping to drive. This meta-analysis examines whether there are sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of driving cessation among drivers with dementia and compares the pattern of sex differences in drivers with dementia to those without dementia.
  
  
  
  MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched in July 2015 for observational studies of sex differences in driving cessation. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model.
  
  
  
  Twenty studies provided data on sex differences in driving cessation in older adults with or without dementia. Driving cessation was significantly more prevalent in women with dementia than men (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50-2.98), and the same pattern was found in women without dementia (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.85-4.06).
  
  
  
  Our findings suggest that the patterns of driving cessation differ between men and women with dementia, and this may have implications for sex-specific approaches designed to support drivers with dementia both before and after driving cessation.
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baines
authors.affiliation: Primary Care Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Au
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Naglie
authors.affiliation: Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Primary Care Research Unit, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Mary C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors