title: Application of organic acids for plant protection against phytopathogens.
abstract: The basic tendency in the field of plant protection concerns with reducing the use of pesticides and their replacement by environmentally acceptable biological preparations. The most promising approach to plant protection is application of microbial metabolites. In the last years, bactericidal, fungicidal, and nematodocidal activities were revealed for citric, succinic, α-ketoglutaric, palmitoleic, and other organic acids. It was shown that application of carboxylic acids resulted in acceleration of plant development and the yield increase. Of special interest is the use of arachidonic acid in very low concentrations as an inductor (elicitor) of protective functions in plants. The bottleneck in practical applications of these simple, nontoxic, and moderately priced preparations is the absence of industrial production of the mentioned organic acids of required quality since even small contaminations of synthetic preparations decrease their quality and make them dangerous for ecology and toxic for plants, animals, and human. This review gives a general conception on the use of organic acids for plant protection against the most dangerous pathogens and pests, as well as focuses on microbiological processes for production of these microbial metabolites of high quality from available, inexpensive, and renewable substrates.
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290. morgunovs@rambler.ru.|Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290. morgunovs@rambler.ru.
authors.forename: Igor G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Morgunov
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Svetlana V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kamzolova
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Emilia G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Dedyukhina
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Tatiana I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Chistyakova
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Julia N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lunina
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mironov
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.|Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Nadezda N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Stepanova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050510.
authors.forename: Olga N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Shemshura
authors.affiliation: G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, 142290.|Pushchino State Institute of Natural Sciences, Pushchino, Russia, 142290.
authors.forename: Mikhail B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vainshtein
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010944:Plants; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010575:Pesticides; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; D019802:Succinic Acid
keywords: Agrobiotechnologies; Antimicrobial activity; Biologically active organic acids; Induced immunity; Phytopathogens; Plant protection (defense)