title: Coalescence of functional gold and monodisperse silver nanoparticles mediated by blackPanax ginsengMeyer root extract.
abstract: A rapid biological synthesis of multifunctional gold nanoparticle (AuNp) and monodisperse silver nanoparticle (AgNp) was achieved by an aqueous extract of blackPanax ginsengMeyer root. The physicochemical transformation into black ginseng (BG) greatly enhanced the pharmacological activities of white ginseng and its minor ginsenoside content. The optimal temperature conditions and kinetics of bioreduction were investigated. Formation of BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps was verified by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry at 548 and 412 nm, respectively. The biosynthesized BG-AgNps were spherical and monodisperse with narrow distribution, while BG-AuNps were icosahedral-shaped and moderately polydisperse. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited long-term stability in buffers of pH 7.0-8.0 and biological media (5% bovine serum albumin) at an ambient temperature and at 37°C. BG-AgNps showed effective antibacterial activity againstEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps demonstrated increased scavenging activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radicals. In addition, BG-AuNps and BG-AgNps were nontoxic to HaCaT and MCF-7 cells; the latter showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations lower than 10 µg/mL. At higher concentrations, BG-AgNps exhibited apparent apoptotic activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line through reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear fragmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Josua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank.
authors.forename: Yeon-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Zuly Elizabeth
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Jiménez Pérez
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank.
authors.forename: Sungeun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank.
authors.forename: Verónica Castro
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Aceituno
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathiyalagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank; Department of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Deok Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold
keywords: anticancer activity; antioxidant activity; cytotoxicity; gold nanoparticles; monodispersity; silver nanoparticles; spectroscopy