title: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study on Refractive Surgery in 15 011 Eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical outcomes of currently used refractive surgery procedures performed in 2015.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 15 011 eyes of 7622 consecutive patients who underwent laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), surface ablation, refractive lenticule extraction (ReLEx), or phakic intraocular lens (IOL) implantation at 42 major institutions. We determined the safety, efficacy, predictability, stability, and adverse events of these surgeries preoperatively and at 1 week and 1 and 3 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean logMAR corrected distance visual acuity 3 months after LASIK, surface ablation, ReLEx, posterior chamber phakic IOL, or iris-supported phakic IOL implantation was -0.18 ± 0.07, -0.16 ± 0.08, -0.17 ± 0.09, -0.21 ± 0.08, and -0.10 ± 0.12, respectively; the corresponding values for logMAR uncorrected distance visual acuity were -0.15 ± 0.11, -0.12 ± 0.12, -0.12 ± 0.13, -0.15 ± 0.12, and 0.01 ± 0.21, respectively. The percentages within ±1.0 diopter (D) of the attempted correction were 96%, 93%, 97%, 99%, and 84% after LASIK, surface ablation, ReLEx, posterior chamber phakic IOL, and iris-supported phakic IOL implantation, respectively. Refractive change from 1 week to 3 months was -0.08 ± 0.07, 0.21 ± 0.63, -0.04 ± 0.41, 0.01 ± 0.31, and 0.01 ± 0.46 D, respectively. No vision-threatening complications occurred during the observation period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more prolonged follow-up is still necessary, currently used refractive surgery procedures have good safety and efficacy outcomes, yielding predictable and stable results. Contemporary LASIK, surface ablation, ReLEx, and phakic IOL implantation appear to be feasible options for the treatment of refractive errors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kitasato School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan. Electronic address: kamiyak-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Igarashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hayashi Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.affiliation: Sato Eye Clinic, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bissen-Miyajima
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D054120:Phakic Intraocular Lenses; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D054140:Refractive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D055815:Young Adult