title: Development and validation of a clinical HPLC method for the quantification of hydroxychloroquine and its metabolites in whole blood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Therapeutic drug monitoring for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been suggested to assess nonadherence and optimize treatment efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  After protein precipitation, HCQ and its metabolites, desethylhydroxychloroquine and desethylchloroquine were separated on a phenyl column and monitored by fluorescence detection. The method was linear from 50 to 4000 ng/ml for HCQ. The intra-day and inter-day precision of HCQ, desethylhydroxychloroquine and desethylchloroquine ranged from 4.3 to 10.3%. LLOQ was 50 ng/ml for HCQ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is very practical and was applied to routinely monitor the steady state whole blood exposure of HCQ and its metabolites in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. It well correlated with our LC-MS/MS and another HPLC method.
authors.affiliation: Research & Development, Exagen Diagnostic, 1261 Liberty Way, Vista, CA 92081, USA; Research & Development, Exagen Diagnostic, 1261 Liberty Way, Vista, CA 92081, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Noe
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Autumn R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Breaud
authors.affiliation: UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; UMR8638 CNRS, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; UMR8638 CNRS, UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.affiliation: Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Pathology, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France; Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France.
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zahr
authors.affiliation: Research & Development, Exagen Diagnostic, 1261 Liberty Way, Vista, CA 92081, USA; Research & Development, Exagen Diagnostic, 1261 Liberty Way, Vista, CA 92081, USA.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dervieux
authors.affiliation: Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de Référence Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Service de Médecine Interne, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de Référence Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares, Service de Médecine Interne, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Costedoat-Chalumeau
authors.affiliation: UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; UF de Pharmacocinétique et Pharmacochimie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, 27 Rue Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blanchet
keywords: HPLC; LC–MS/MS; clinical drug monitoring; desethylchloroquine; desethylhydroxychloroquine; drug monitoring; fluorescence detection; hydroxychloroquine; systemic lupus erythematosus; whole blood