title: The Relationship between Multiple Substance Use, Perceived Academic Achievements, and Selected Socio-Demographic Factors in a Polish Adolescent Sample.
abstract: Predictors of high-risk patterns of substance use are often analysed in relation to demographic and school-related factors. The interaction between these factors and the additional impact of family wealth are still new areas of research. The aim of this study was to find determinants of the most common patterns of psychoactive substance use in mid-adolescence, compared to non-users. A sample of 1202 Polish students (46.1% boys, mean age of 15.6 years) was surveyed in 2013/2014. Four patterns of psychoactive substance use were defined using cluster analysis: non-users-71.9%, mainly tobacco and alcohol users-13.7%, high alcohol and cannabis users-7.2%, poly-users-7.2%. The final model contained the main effects of gender and age, and one three-way (perceived academic achievement × gender × family affluence) interaction. Girls with poor perception of school performance (as compared to girls with better achievements) were at significantly higher risk of being poly-users, in both less and more affluent families (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 5.55 and OR = 3.60, respectively). The impact of family affluence was revealed only in interaction with other factors. Patterns of substance use in mid-adolescence are strongly related to perceived academic achievements, and these interact with selected socio-demographic factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland. joanna.mazur@imid.med.pl.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland. izabela.tabak@imid.med.pl.
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland. anna.dzielska@imid.med.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dzielska
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexology, Counseling and Rehabilitation University of Zielona Góra, 65-729 Zielona Góra, Poland. wazkrzysztof@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wąż
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Mother and Child, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland. anna.oblacinska@imid.med.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oblacińska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: adolescence; multiple substance use; perceived academic achievement; socioeconomic determinants; urban-rural differences