title: Improving potency and metabolic stability by introducing an alkenyl linker to pyridine-based histone deacetylase inhibitors for orally available RUNX3 modulators.
abstract: RUNX3, a tumor suppressor, is suppressed in various cancers by abnormal epigenetic changes. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can deacetylate the lysine residues of RUNX3, followed by degradation via a ubiquitin-mediated pathway. Inhibition of HDAC leads to functional restoration of the RUNX3 protein by epigenetic expression and RUNX3 protein stabilization. We previously reported a series of HDAC inhibitors that restored RUNX3 function. In the present study, we introduced an alkenyl linker group to pyridine-based HDAC inhibitors to improve their potencies and chemical properties. This alkenyl linker made the compounds more rigid, facilitating a better fit than alkyl moieties to the active site of HDAC proteins. Most compounds in this series exhibited potent RUNX activities, HDAC inhibitory activities, and inhibitory activities towards the growth of human cancer cell lines. Notably, one of these derivatives, (E)-3-(1-cinnamyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)-N-hydroxyacrylamide (7k), showed excellent properties in a microsomal stability study, in a xenograft study, and in an in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation. Modulation of RUNX3 therefore results in highly potent and orally available anticancer chemotherapeutic agents.
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Doona
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chulho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences (WCU Program), Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kook
authors.affiliation: Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Sciences (WCU Program), Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: gyoonhee@yonsei.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Gyoonhee
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D055550:Protein Stability / Q000187:drug effects; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D050677:Core Binding Factor Alpha 3 Subunit; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
keywords: Epigenetic control; HDAC inhibition; Protein stabilization; RUNX3; RUNX3 acetylation