title: Distraction-Based Interventions for Children Undergoing Venipuncture Procedures: A Randomized Controlled Study.
abstract: Little is known about the effects of distraction techniques when undertaking medical procedures with hospitalized pediatric patients in Asian countries. This study examined the effects of distraction interventions on behavioral distress related to venipuncture procedures in Taiwanese children aged 3 to 7 years. Using concealed randomization, eligible children were allocated to receive a picture book ( n = 92), or animated cartoon ( n = 92) compared with routine oral instructions ( n = 92), when being injected with an intravenous cannula. Two trained observers independently scored the responses of each child using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-Revised before, during, and after the procedure. All children experienced distress during needle insertion, but distress was less in the distraction-based intervention groups. Moreover, distraction interventions were more effective for children aged 4 to 5 years. Our culturally tailored intervention engaged child participants, was age-appropriate, and could be adapted for use in other Chinese cultures.
authors.affiliation: 1 Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Chen
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: 1 Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: 2 Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Creedy
authors.affiliation: 3 Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsao
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D044466:Asian People; D001877:Books; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010372:Pediatrics; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000379:methods*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: children; distraction; distress; randomized controlled trial; venipuncture procedure