title: The Benslimane's Artistic Model for Females' Gaze Beauty: An Original Assessment Tool.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this paper is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of the human females' gaze using anthropometry and to present an artistic model to represent it: "The Frame Concept." In this model, the eye fissure represents a painting, and the most peripheral shadows around it represent the frame of this painting. The narrower the frame, the more aesthetically pleasing and youthful the gaze appears.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included a literature review of the features that make the gaze appear attractive. Photographs of models with attractive gazes were examined, and old photographs of patients were compared to recent photographs. The frame ratio was defined by anthropometric measurements of modern portraits of twenty consecutive Miss World winners. The concept was then validated for age and attractiveness across centuries by analysis of modern female photographs and works of art acknowledged for portraying beautiful young and older women in classical paintings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frame height inversely correlated with attractiveness in modern female portrait photographs. The eye fissure frame ratio of modern idealized female portraits was similar to that of beautiful female portraits idealized by classical artists. In contrast, the eye fissure frames of classical artists' mothers' portraits were significantly wider than those of beautiful younger women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Frame Concept is a valid artistic tool that provides an understanding of both the aesthetic and aging characteristics of the female periorbital region, enabling the practitioner to plan appropriate aesthetic interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the A3 online Instructions to Authors. www.springer.com/00266 .
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgeon, Private Practice Clinique Benslimane, 7 rue Ahmed Annaciri, Palmiers, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco. clinique.benslimane@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fahd
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-9714
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benslimane
authors.affiliation: Academic Plastic Surgery, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Harpen
authors.affiliation: Academic Plastic Surgery, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
authors.forename: Simon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgeon, Private Practice Clinica Di Stefano Velona, Via S. Euplio 162, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ingallina
authors.affiliation: Academic Plastic Surgery, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK.
authors.forename: Ali M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ghanem
mesh_terms: D001504:Beauty; D005123:Eye; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D008512:Medicine in the Arts; D010151:Paintings / Q000266:history; D011173:Portraits as Topic / Q000266:history*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods
keywords: Aesthetic; Artistic; Beauty; Eyelid; Eyes; Gaze