title: Recurrent in-stent restenosis, certainty of its origin, uncertainty about treatment.
abstract: Treatment of recurrent in-stent restenosis is a real brainteaser for the interventional cardiologist who cannot resort to the guidelines to have indications about the type of treatment to be preferred. The use of intracoronary imaging may provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of this complication and use of drug-coated balloons may be a valid alternative and especially a thoughtful treatment when the repeated and perseverant use of drug-eluting stents clearly fails. In this setting, we present a review of the literature about this interesting topic, going deep into the heart of the problem, its origin and possible treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo, Italy. Electronic address: pirainod@libero.it.
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Piraino
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buccheri
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dendramis
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital of Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andolina
authors.affiliation: Interventional Cardiology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cortese
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D054855:Drug-Eluting Stents; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Drug-coated balloon; Optical coherence tomography; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Recurrent in-stent restenosis