title: Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the healthy human breast at 7 T.
abstract: In vivo water- and fat-suppressed1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and31P magnetic resonance adiabatic multi-echo spectroscopic imaging were performed at 7 T in duplicate in healthy fibroglandular breast tissue of a group of eight volunteers. The transverse relaxation times of31P metabolites were determined, and the reproducibility of1H and31P MRS was investigated. The transverse relaxation times for phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC) were fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2component of 20 ms for adenosine monophosphate, resulting in values of 199 ± 8 and 239 ± 14 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time for glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was also fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2component of 20 ms for glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, which resonates at a similar frequency, resulting in a value of 177 ± 6 ms. Transverse relaxation times for inorganic phosphate, γ-ATP and glycerophosphatidylcholine mobile phospholipid were fitted mono-exponentially, resulting in values of 180 ± 4, 19 ± 3 and 20 ± 4 ms, respectively. Coefficients of variation for the duplicate determinations of1H total choline (tChol) and the31P metabolites were calculated for the group of volunteers. The reproducibility of inorganic phosphate, the sum of phosphomonoesters and the sum of phosphodiesters with31P MRS imaging was superior to the reproducibility of1H MRS for tChol.1H and31P data were combined to calculate estimates of the absolute concentrations of PC, GPC and PE in healthy fibroglandular tissue, resulting in upper limits of 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg of tissue, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wybe J M
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: van der Kemp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bertine L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vincent O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Luijten
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Dennis W J
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Klomp
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jannie P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wijnen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017553:Phosphorus Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D017553:Phosphorus Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D010758:Phosphorus
keywords: 1H; 31P; 7 T; MRSI; breast; total choline; transverse relaxation time