title: JAZ2 controls stomata dynamics during bacterial invasion.
abstract: Coronatine (COR) facilitates entry of bacteria into the plant apoplast by stimulating stomata opening. COR-induced signaling events at stomata remain unclear. We found that the COR and jasmonate isoleucine (JA-Ile) co-receptor JAZ2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion We analyzed tissue expression patterns of AtJAZ genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. Arabidopsis jaz2 mutants are partially impaired in pathogen-induced stomatal closing and more susceptible to Pseudomonas. Gain-of-function mutations in JAZ2 prevent stomatal reopening by COR and are highly resistant to bacterial penetration. The JAZ2 targets MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 directly regulate the expression of ANAC19, ANAC55 and ANAC72 to modulate stomata aperture. Due to the antagonistic interactions between the salicylic acid (SA) and JA defense pathways, efforts to increase resistance to biotrophs result in enhanced susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Remarkably, dominant jaz2Δjas mutants are resistant to Pseudomonas syringae but retain unaltered resistance against necrotrophs. Our results demonstrate the existence of a COI1-JAZ2-MYC2,3,4-ANAC19,55,72 module responsible for the regulation of stomatal aperture that is hijacked by bacterial COR to promote infection. They also provide novel strategies for crop protection against biotrophs without compromising resistance to necrotrophs.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gimenez-Ibanez
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boter
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ortigosa
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Casado
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chini
authors.affiliation: Centre for AgriBioscience, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Science, School of Life Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Mathew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lewsey
authors.affiliation: Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.|Plant Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ecker
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Vardis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ntoukakis
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solano
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D007192:Indenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D054046:Plant Stomata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D007192:Indenes; C000602232:JAZ2 protein, Arabidopsis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C058487:coronatine
keywords: 
  ANAC
  ; 
  Pseudomonas syringae
  ; JAZ repressors; MYC transcription factors; coronatine (COR); crop protection; pathogenesis; stomata