title: Contrast enhanced renal MR angiography at 7 Tesla: How much gadolinium do we need?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether a dose reduction of Gadobutrol for renal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 7 Tesla (T) is feasible while preserving diagnostic image quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy volunteers were enrolled for a renal MRA on a 7T scanner. Fast low angle shot (FLASH) MRA data sets were obtained utilizing three different doses of Gadobutrol (0.1, 0.05 and 0.025mmol/kg body weight [BW]). Contrast ratios (CR) were measured in the aorta as well as in the intra- and extraparenchymal arteries compared to the psoas muscle. Qualitative analysis regarding the delineation of vessel structures was performed using a four-point-scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All doses of Gadobutrol allowed for a good delineation of the aorta and renal arteries. For the extra- and intraparenchymal segmental arteries higher values were observed for full and half dose in comparison to quarter dose. No significant difference was observed for full and half dose. A lower CR was observed for quarter compared to half dose (p<0.05) for the renal arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While best results were observed for half and full dose, a dose reduction to 0.025mmol/kg BW is justifiable, maintaining a diagnostic image quality. This may be of high interest considering patients with renal impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: karsten.beiderwellen@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beiderwellen
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Oliver.kraff@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kraff
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: anja.laader@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laader
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Stefan.maderwald@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maderwald
authors.affiliation: Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Stephan.orzada@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orzada
authors.affiliation: Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Electronic address: mark.ladd@dkfz-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ladd
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Michael.forsting@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsting
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Thomas.Lauenstein@uni-due.de.
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lauenstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Electronic address: Lale.umutlu@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Lale
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Umutlu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D016477:Artifacts; D003287:Contrast Media; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C090600:gadobutrol; D005682:Gadolinium
keywords: Angiography; Contrast media; Gadolinium; Magnetic resonance imaging; Renal artery