title: TGF-β and Physiological Root Resorption of Deciduous Teeth.
abstract: The present study was performed to examine how transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in root-surrounding tissues on deciduous teeth regulates the differentiation induction into odontoclasts during physiological root resorption. We prepared root-surrounding tissues with (R) or without (N) physiological root resorption scraped off at three regions (R1-R3 or N1-N3) from the cervical area to the apical area of the tooth and measured both TGF-β and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activities. The TGF-β activity level was increased in N1-N3, whereas the TRAP activity was increased in R2 and R3. In vitro experiments for the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation revealed that proteins from N1-N3 and R1-R3 enhanced the TRAP activity in RAW264 cells. A genetic study indicated that the mRNA levels of TGF-β1 in N1 and N2 were significantly increased, and corresponded with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG). In contrast, the expression level of RANKL was increased in R2 and R3. Our findings suggest that TGF-β is closely related to the regulation of OPG induction and RANKL-mediated odontoclast differentiation depending on the timing of RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in the root-surrounding tissues of deciduous teeth during physiological root resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. shimazaki-emi@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. karakida-t@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karakida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. yamamoto-rj@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. kinoshita-saeko@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. fukae-m@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukae
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. yamakoshi-y@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamakoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. asada-y@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053245:RANK Ligand / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012391:Root Resorption; D013552:Swine; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
keywords: cytokine; gene expression; osteoclast; pediatric dentistry; protein expression; root resorption