title: Efficiency of Emission Control Measures on Particulate Matter-Related Health Impacts and Economic Cost during the 2014 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Meeting in Beijing.
abstract: Background: The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting was held from 5 November to 11 November 2014 in Beijing, and comprehensive emission control measures were implemented. The efficiency of these measures on particulate matter-related health impacts and economic cost need to be evaluated.Methods: The influences of emission control measures during APEC on particulate matter were evaluated, and health economic effects were assessed.Results: Average concentrations of PM2.5and PM10during APEC were reduced by 57.0%, and 50.6% respectively, compared with pre-APEC period. However, the concentrations of particulate matter rebounded after APEC. Compared with the pre-APEC and post-APEC periods, the estimated number of deaths caused by non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases that could be attributed to PM2.5and PM10during the APEC were the lowest. The economic cost associated with mortality caused by PM2.5and PM10during the APEC were reduced by (61.3% and 66.6%) and (50.3% and 60.8%) respectively, compared with pre-APEC and post-APEC.Conclusions: The emission control measures were effective in improving short term air quality and reducing health risks and medical expenses during 2014 APEC, but more efforts is needed for long term and continuous air quality improvement and health protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. liuqichen@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qichen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. jing_huang@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. 15210594187@163.com.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. guoxb@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xinbiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D001208:Asia; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting; PM10; PM2.5; emission control measures; health economic cost; particulate matter