title: Fordyce Happiness Program and Happiness in Mothers of Children with a Cleft Lip and Palate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Facial deformities and aesthetic and functional anomalies in children may be a cause of real distress in families. Problems faced by parents in coping with a child's anomaly can be upsetting and lead parents to exhibit over-severe behavior. The present study was conducted in order to study the effect of happiness program on the happiness of the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this semi-experimental study, 64 mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate enrolled by convenience random sampling were assigned to an intervention or control group based on a simple random sampling. Then, a program of happiness training was implemented consisting of 10 sessions of 2 hours each. A demographic questionnaire and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were completed prior to and 2 months after the last session of intervention. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics, consisting of a paired t-test, independent t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS version 20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The independent t-test indicated a significant difference in mean happiness score after training between the intervention and control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, the paired t-test indicated a significant difference in mean happiness score between before and after training in the intervention group, although the difference was not statistically significant for the control group (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In light of the efficacy of happiness training on the promotion of happiness in the mothers of children with a cleft lip and palate, this model is recommended as a healthcare intervention to decrease stress in mothers following the birth of an infant with a cleft lip and palate.
authors.affiliation: Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hemati
authors.affiliation: Department of NICU, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh-Sadat
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mosavi Asl
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abbasi
authors.affiliation: Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ghazavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
authors.forename: Davood
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiani
keywords: Children; Cleft lip and Palate; Fordyce happiness program; Mothers