title: Factors predicting venous thromboembolism after spine surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A meta-analysis was performed to explore predicted factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after surgery in the treatment for spine degeneration diseases.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Many scholars have focused on VTE after spine surgery, but as for the risk factors of VTE have not reached a consensus.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive search of literature, "spine or spinal," "degeneration," "after surgery or postoperation," and "venous thromboembolism" as key words, was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, and WANFANG databases. The following variables were extracted: wearing elastic stocking, hypertension (HT), heart disease, diabetes, drinking, anticoagulant therapy, walking disability preoperation, smoking, sex, age, surgical duration, fusion versus nonfusion (lumbar fusion vs lumbar discectomy), surgical site (cervical vs lumbar), blood loss, and body mass index. Data analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 and STATA 12.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 studies were identified, including 34,597 patients of whom 624 patients had VTE, and the incidence of VTE was 2% in all patients who underwent spine surgery. The incidence of VTE for Asian patients was 7.5%, compared with 1% VTE for Occidental patients; the difference was significant (P < 0.0001). The pooled analysis showed that there were significant differences regarding wearing elastic stocking (odds ratio [OR] = 11.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.46, 94.00], P = 0.02), walking disability preoperation (OR = 4.80, 95% CI [2.53, 9.12], P < 0.00001), surgical site (lumbar surgery) (OR = 0.23, 95% CI [0.20, 0.27], P < 0.00001), HT (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.21, 2.10], P = 0.001), and diabetes (OR = 2.12, 95% CI [1.09, 4.10], P = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in blood loss, heart disease, smoking, sex, surgical duration, body mass index, surgical duration, anticoagulant therapy, wearing elastic stocking, fusion versus nonfusion, drinking, and age (all P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on our meta-analysis, Asian patients, patients with walking disability preoperation, patients wearing elastic stocking, patients having undergone lumbar surgery, patients with a history of HT, and patients experiencing diabetes have a higher incidence of VTE after spine surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang Jizhong Energy Fengfeng Group General Hospital, Handan Shi, Hebei Province Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics, Shijiazhuang, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Si-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen-Zheng
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Feng-Yu
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Yuan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D053828:Stockings, Compression / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054556:Venous Thromboembolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data