title: Ectopic Adipose Tissue Storage in the Left and the Right Renal Sinus is Asymmetric and Associated With Serum Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Levels Increase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A potential mechanism by which obesity could promote hypertension and kidney diseases is through accumulation of adipose tissue in the renal sinus (RS). The aim of the study was to quantify RS and abdominal adipose tissue volumes and to evaluate serum kidney injury molecule (sKIM)-1 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-21 association with different adipose tissue compartments.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cross-sectional study included 280 and follow-up study-40 asymptomatic participants; aged 38.30±4.10. For all study participants computed tomography examination was performed, sKIM-1 and FGF-21 levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated asymmetrical deposition of adipose tissue into the RS even after corresponding kidney volume adjustment. The cross-sectional and the follow-up studies showed that sKIM-1 level was positively associated with RS adipose tissue volume increase for both genders. FGF-21 was positively associated with RS and retroperitoneal adipose tissue amount.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of gender adipose tissue in RS accumulates asymmetrically-the left RS accumulates a significantly higher amount of adipose tissue. Thus, primarily RS adipose tissue effects should be assessed on the left kidney. Accumulation of adipose tissue in the RS is related with the visceral adipose amount, KIM-1 and FGF-21 concentration increase in the blood serum.
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: gita.krievina@rsu.lv.
authors.forename: Gita
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krievina
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Peteris
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tretjakovs
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Family Medicine, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Skuja
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Family Medicine, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Vija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Silina
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keisa
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Daiga
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Krievina
authors.affiliation: Riga Stradiņš University, Department of Internal Diseases, 16 Dzirciema Street, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia.
authors.forename: Guntis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bahs
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C491143:HAVCR1 protein, human; D000072596:Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; C414620:fibroblast growth factor 21; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
keywords: Asymmetry; FGF-21; KIM-1; Obesity; Renal sinus; Visceral adipose tissue