title: Changes in body composition in women using long-acting reversible contraception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Users of hormonal long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) report weight gain as a side effect, but few studies have assessed body composition change among LARC users. We evaluated weight and body composition of healthy women using the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), copper intrauterine device (copper IUD) or etonogestrel implant (ENG implant). We hypothesized that weight gain and body composition over 12 months would not differ between copper IUD, LNG-IUS and ENG implant users.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective cohort study of a subgroup of women enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project who initiated the LNG-IUS, copper IUD or ENG implant. Inclusion criteria included lack of metabolic and eating disorders or change in body weight of more than 5% in the 6 months before enrollment. We measured changes in weight and body composition (body fat percentage, total body fat mass, total lean mass and total body mass) in women who continued their method for 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed data from 149 participants: 85 LNG-IUS users, 31 copper IUD users and 33 ENG implant users. The mean age was 25.9 years, 56.4% were White, 82.5% had some college education and 67.6% were nulliparous. Although lean body mass increased over 12 months in LNG-IUS and copper IUD users but not in ENG implant users, changes in body weight and body composition did not differ between the groups. In the adjusted model, Black race was associated with change in total body mass (p<.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among those who continued the method for 12 months, changes in body weight and composition did not differ between copper IUD, LNG-IUS and ENG implant users.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in body weight and composition over 12 months did not differ between copper IUD users and LNG-IUS and ENG implant users among those with 12 months of continuous use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Division of Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Electronic address: prisnssilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Priscilla de Nazaré
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Silva Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omvig
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peipert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004343:Drug Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016014:Linear Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004343:Drug Implants; C044815:etonogestrel; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D017135:Desogestrel
keywords: Body composition; Contraception; Copper intrauterine device; Etonogestrel subdermal implant; Levonorgestrel intrauterine system; Weight