title: OCHROCONIS GALLOPAVA ENDOPHTHALMITIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL VORICONAZOLE AND AMPHOTERICIN B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ochroconis gallopava is a darkly pigmented septated fungus that rarely infects humans, almost universally immunocompromised individuals. Only one previous case has been reported of O. gallopava endophthalmitis, in which the patient progressed to a visual acuity of no light perception. The authors currently describe the first successfully treated case of O. gallopava endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 65-year-old Hispanic woman on chronic immunosuppression after a right lung transplant was admitted to the hospital for O. gallopava respiratory tract infection and was found to have bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis. Examination revealed multiple, cream-colored, chorioretinal lesions in the fundus, including one near the temporal macula in the left eye. There was no diffuse vitritis. Visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes at presentation but dropped to 20/400 in the right eye and counting fingers at 3 feet in the left eye over the hospital course despite receiving an intravitreal injection of voriconazole in the left eye and concurrent IV amphotericin B, posaconazole, and micafungin. The patient was then treated with multiple simultaneous intravitreal amphotericin B and voriconazole injections bilaterally, as well as IV posaconazole, which was switched to IV voriconazole for improved intraocular penetration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The chorioretinal lesions were noted to regress with treatment. Concomitantly, the patient's respiratory status improved, and she was discharged with a visual acuity of 20/40 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. The patient completed a 1-year course of oral voriconazole as an outpatient without signs of recurrent activity. Seventeen months after the initial presentation, the patient had 20/40 vision bilaterally with a residual, white, fibrotic scar at the temporal macula in the left eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes the first successful treatment regimen against O. gallopava endophthalmitis using a combination of intravitreal amphotericin B and voriconazole injections, as well as IV posaconazole and voriconazole, which resulted in an excellent visual outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, USC Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Esther L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sachi R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Meena S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ameri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D065819:Voriconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D065819:Voriconazole