title: The Potential of Nano-Vehicle Mediated Therapy in Vasculitis and Multiple Sclerosis.
abstract: The induction of immune tolerance towards self-antigens presents as a viable future strategy in the treatment of auto-immune diseases, including vasculitis and multiple sclerosis (MS). As specific targets are currently lacking for vasculitis due to incomplete understanding of the pathologies underlying this disease, current treatment options are based on modalities that induce general immune suppression. However, many immune suppressants used in the clinic are known to display wide biodistribution and are thus often accompanied by several adverse effects. Nano-vehicles (NVs) possess the ability to overcome such limitations by enabling more specific delivery of their content through modifications with targeting moieties. In this review, we describe the latest insights in the pathology of vasculitis that may function as potential targets for NV carrier systems, allowing more specific delivery of currently used immune suppressants. In addition, we describe the existing strategies to induce artificial immune tolerance and explore the feasibility of inducing regulatory T cell (Treg) mediated tolerance for MS, possibly mediated by NVs.
authors.affiliation: Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: R Huis
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: In't Veld
authors.affiliation: Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.affiliation: Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Kaijzel
authors.affiliation: Percuros, Enschede, Netherlands.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Department of Radiology, Bldg.1, C2-187h. Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cruz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D050997:Nanomedicine; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers
keywords: Nano-vehicle; drug delivery; drug release; glucocorticosteroids; immune suppressive drugs; multiple sclerosis; nanomedicine; nanoparticle; targeting; vasculitis