title: Executive summary of the diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection: Guidelines of the Spanish Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (SEIMC).
abstract: Most urinary tract infections (UTI) are uncomplicated infections occurring in young women. An extensive evaluation is not required in the majority of cases, and they can be safely managed as outpatients with oral antibiotics. Escherichia coli is by far the most common uropathogen, accounting for >80% of all cases. Other major clinical problems associated with UTI include asymptomatic bacteriuria, and patients with complicated UTI. Complicated UTIs are a heterogeneous group associated with conditions that increase the risk of acquiring infection or treatment failure. Distinguishing between complicated and uncomplicated UTI is important, as it influences the initial evaluation, choice, and duration of antimicrobial therapy. Diagnosis is especially challenging in the elderly and in patients with in-dwelling catheters. The increasing prevalence of resistant uropathogens, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, and other multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms further compromises treatment of both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs. The aim of these Clinical Guidelines is to provide a set of recommendations for improving the diagnosis and treatment of UTI.
authors.affiliation: Unidad Clinica Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Cueto
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Unificado de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aliaga
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan-Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alós
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Canut
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ibai
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Los-Arcos
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensa
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dolors
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Pardo
authors.affiliation: Área de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Ramon
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yuste
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address: cpigrau@vhebron.net.
authors.forename: Carles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pigrau
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D058491:Bacterial Load; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D055552:Infectious Disease Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008829:Microbiology / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012955:Societies, Medical; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: Acute cystitis; Acute pyelonephritis; Asymptomatic bacteriuria; Bacteriuria asintomática; Catheter-associated urinary tract infection; Cistitis aguda; Infecciones del tracto urinario; Infecciones recurrentes del tracto urinario; Infecciones urinarias asociadas al sondaje vesical; Pielonefritis aguda; Recurrent urinary tract infections; Urinary tract infection