title: Paediatric emergency department-based carbon monoxide detector intervention: a randomised trial.
abstract: Although non-fire-related carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is almost entirely preventable, over 400 people die and 20 000 people are injured each year in the USA from unintentional CO poisoning. Thus, there is a critical need for evidence-based interventions for preventing CO poisoning and increasing the proper use and installation of CO detectors.
  
  
  
  A randomised, controlled trial (Project CODE, a Carbon Monoxide Detector Education intervention) with 2-week and 6-month follow-up home observations was conducted in 299 parents of children aged ≤18 years recruited in the emergency department of a level 1 paediatric trauma centre. The intervention group received an educational tool, a spiral-bound, laminated booklet that resembled a CO detector containing theory-based safety messages based on the precaution adoption process model, a plug-in CO detector and 9 V battery. The control group received a one page flyer on CO poisoning prevention.
  
  
  
  Although the difference was not statistically significant, mean CO knowledge score increased at a greater rate for the intervention group than the control group. Intervention group parents were more likely to exhibit 'safe' CO detector use than control group parents at the 2-week follow-up (RR: 2.75; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.69) and 6-month follow-up (RR: 2.78; 95% CI 2.06 to 3.76), after adjusting for self-reported CO detector use behaviour at enrolment and annual per capita income.
  
  
  
  An emergency department-delivered intervention containing a theory-based educational tool paired with a CO detector can be an effective method for increasing knowledge about CO poisoning, for prevention and for appropriate use of a CO detector.
  
  
  
  NCT00959478.
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Lara B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Kristin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Roxanne M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kaercher
authors.affiliation: OhioHealth Research & Innovations Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Christy L
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3597-9012
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health and Dept. of Pediatrics, Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: R Dawn
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Comstock
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Soledad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rasoul
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.|Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Marcel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Casavant
authors.affiliation: Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mihalov
mesh_terms: D000056:Accident Prevention; D000061:Accidents, Home / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002249:Carbon Monoxide Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D055317:Evidence-Based Practice; D006801:Humans; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide