title: Muscle metabolic and neuromuscular determinants of fatigue during cycling in different exercise intensity domains.
abstract: Lactate or gas exchange threshold (GET) and critical power (CP) are closely associated with human exercise performance. We tested the hypothesis that the limit of tolerance (Tlim) during cycle exercise performed within the exercise intensity domains demarcated by GET and CP is linked to discrete muscle metabolic and neuromuscular responses. Eleven men performed a ramp incremental exercise test, 4-5 severe-intensity (SEV; >CP) constant-work-rate (CWR) tests until Tlim, a heavy-intensity (HVY; <CP but >GET) CWR test until Tlim, and a moderate-intensity (MOD; <GET) CWR test until TlimMuscle biopsies revealed that a similar (P> 0.05) muscle metabolic milieu (i.e., low pH and [PCr] and high [lactate]) was attained at Tlim(approximately 2-14 min) for all SEV exercise bouts. The muscle metabolic perturbation was greater at Tlimfollowing SEV compared with HVY, and also following SEV and HVY compared with MOD (allP< 0.05). The normalized M-wave amplitude for the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle decreased to a similar extent following SEV (-38 ± 15%), HVY (-68 ± 24%), and MOD (-53 ± 29%), (P> 0.05). Neural drive to the VL increased during SEV (4 ± 4%;P< 0.05) but did not change during HVY or MOD (P> 0.05). During SEV and HVY, but not MOD, the rates of change in M-wave amplitude and neural drive were correlated with changes in muscle metabolic ([PCr], [lactate]) and blood ionic/acid-base status ([lactate], [K+]) (P< 0.05). The results of this study indicate that the metabolic and neuromuscular determinants of fatigue development differ according to the intensity domain in which the exercise is performed.NEW & NOTEWORTHYThe gas exchange threshold and the critical power demarcate discrete exercise intensity domains. For the first time, we show that the limit of tolerance during whole-body exercise within these domains is characterized by distinct metabolic and neuromuscular responses. Fatigue development during exercise greater than critical power is associated with the attainment of consistent "limiting" values of muscle metabolites, whereas substrate availability and limitations to muscle activation may constrain performance at lower intensities.
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.|School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Matthew I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jamie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.|School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Lee J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wylie
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sinead T J
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: McDonagh
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sumners
authors.affiliation: Sport and Exercise Science Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Katya N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Mileva
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Joanna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bowtell
authors.affiliation: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; a.vanhatalo@exeter.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanhatalo
mesh_terms: D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D010725:Phosphocreatine; D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: critical power; cycling exercise; gas exchange threshold; muscle metabolism; neuromuscular fatigue