title: Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid profiles in Alzheimer's disease with multiple cerebral microbleeds and cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation.
abstract: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) sometimes reveals multiple cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and confluent white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) similar to those observed in cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-I). To determine whether there might be common pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the MRI findings of multiple CMBs and confluent WMHs, we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) profiles of 38 AD, five amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and six CAA-I patients. The AD and MCI patients were divided into groups of patients with (n = 10) or without (n = 33) multiple CMBs (n ≥ 2) on T2*-gradient echo sequences of brain MRI. We compared the CSF profiles of AD and MCI patients with or without multiple CMBs, and CAA-I patients. The brain MRIs of the patients with multiple CMBs revealed severe degrees of WMHs compared with the patients without multiple CMBs. The levels of CSF anti-amyloid β autoantibody and interleukin 8, and CSF/serum albumin ratios and immunoglobulin G indexes, were significantly higher in CAA-I patients than the other groups. However, there were no significant differences in the CSF profiles of patients with or without multiple CMBs. Our study provides evidence for different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these differential MRI findings in AD and CAA-I.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. kimura1@gifu-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.|Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshikura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Neurology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inuzuka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000276:immunology; D016657:Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013129:Spinal Puncture; D066127:White Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cerebral amyloid angiopathy; Inflammation; Microbleed; White matter hyperintensity