title: Changes in the Professional Lives of Cardiologists Over 2 Decades.
abstract: The American College of Cardiology third decennial Professional Life Survey was completed by 2,313 cardiologists: 964 women (42%) and 1,349 men (58%). Compared with 10 and 20 years ago, current results reflect a substantially lower response rate (21% vs. 31% and 49%, respectively) and an aging workforce that is less likely to be in private practice. Women continue to be more likely to practice in academic centers, be pediatric cardiologists, and have a noninvasive subspecialty. Men were more likely to indicate that family responsibilities negatively influenced their careers than previously, whereas women remained less likely to marry or have children. Men and women reported similar, high levels of career satisfaction, with women reporting higher satisfaction currently. However, two-thirds of women continue to experience discrimination, nearly 3 times the rate in men. Personal life choices continue to differ substantially for men and women in cardiology, although differences have diminished.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Cardiovascular Institute, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: Laxmi S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Arizona-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Marian C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Limacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute/Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poppas
authors.affiliation: St. Vincent Heart Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
authors.forename: Mary Norine
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Market Strategy Division, American College of Cardiology, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Anne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rzeszut
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cardiology Section, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System/University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: Duvernoy@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Claire S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Duvernoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002309:Cardiology; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D000071252:Mentoring; D008875:Middle Aged; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000639:trends*; D063507:Sexism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: discrimination; practice setting; professional life survey; professional satisfaction; women in cardiology; workforce