title: Antiproliferative and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of MiR-4286 Inhibition in Melanoma Cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Their expression is altered in cancer tissues, and evaluation of these alterations is considered a promising tool used to diagnose and identify prognostic markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microRNA expression profiles of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded melanoma and melanocytic nevi samples were estimated with a microarray and subsequently validated by real-time PCR. Melanoma cells were transfected with miR-4286 inhibitor to evaluate the influence of this microRNA on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The microarray revealed that the expression of 1,171 microRNAs was altered in melanoma samples compared to melanocytic nevi. Real-time PCR validation experiments found the microRNA expression levels to correspond to the melanoma/melanocytic nevi microarray results. The pathway analysis identified 52 modulated pathways in melanoma. Moreover, the application of miR-4286 inhibitor to BRO melanoma cells resulted in a 2.6-fold increase in the apoptosis rate and a 1.7-fold decrease in the cell proliferation/viability but did not affect the invasiveness and migration of these cells. Furthermore, the use of miR-4286 inhibitor altered the mRNA expression of several miR-4286 gene targets: folylpolyglutamate synthase, RNA polymerase I-specific transcription initiation factor, apelin, G-protein-coupled receptor 55, and high-mobility group A1 protein, which have been implicated in cell proliferation/apoptosis regulation. Lastly, the transiently transfected SK-MEL-1 cells with miR-4286 inhibitor decreased proliferation rate and modulated folylpolyglutamate synthase rates of these cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrate that miR-4286 mediates proliferation and apoptosis in melanoma cells, these findings may represent a novel mechanism underlying these processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Nadezhda
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Palkina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aksenenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Seseg
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsyrenzhapova
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruksha
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000621504:MIRN-4286 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs