title: Recommendations of the ESSR Arthritis Subcommittee on Ultrasonography in Inflammatory Joint Disease.
abstract: This article presents the recommendations of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology Arthritis Subcommittee on the use of ultrasonography (US) in rheumatic disease, focused on the examination of joints in the adult population. The recommended examination technique and protocols used in a radiologic work-up are discussed. The main US features that can lead to a final diagnosis in the most common rheumatic diseases are addressed. The differential diagnosis that should be considered at image interpretation is presented. The role of US in interventional procedures and clinically important recent developments is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Private Institution of Ultrasonography, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Athena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plagou
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.affiliation: Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grainger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schueller-Weidekamm
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sudoł-Szopińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, University of Loughborough, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Winston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rennie
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Åström
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology B, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feydy
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giraudo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology B, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guerini
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guglielmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals Foundation Trust, Kings College London and GKT, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jans
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anne Grethe
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Jurik
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kainberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinoli
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Imagem Musculoesquelética (UIME), Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Vasco V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Bottrop, Denmark.
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miese
authors.affiliation: The NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Oei
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen Center for Arthritis Research (COPECARE), Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Østergaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hôpitaux Iris Sud, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peetrons
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Platzgummer
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reijnierse
authors.affiliation: Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mitja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupreht
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), "Reine Fabiola" Children's University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simoni
authors.affiliation: Functional Unit for Diagnostic and Interventional Musculoskeletal Radiology, Function Imaging and Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marius C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wick
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zejden
authors.affiliation: Section Rheumatology and Sports Imaging, Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Klauser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media