title: Long-term Durability of Responses to 2 or 3 Doses of Hepatitis A Vaccination in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that the durability of serological response is impaired in successfully vaccinated human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) positive subjects after receiving 2 doses of inactivated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine. We evaluated whether 3 doses compared with 2 doses of HAV vaccine could improve the long-term seroprotection for this susceptible group.
  
  
  
  Antibody persistence among HIV-positive men who have sex with men aged 18-40 years who had received 2 or 3 doses of HAV vaccine according to a 0-6- or a 0-1-6-month schedule was evaluated biannually for 5 consecutive years in this prospective, nonrandomized cohort study.
  
  
  
  At the end of 5 years, seroprotection persisted in 79% (146/185) versus 76% (85/110) and 94% (146/155) versus 88% (84/95) of the 3- versus 2-dose primary responders by intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, respectively (P > .05). Throughout the 5 years, the geometric mean concentrations of anti-HAV immunoglobulin G (IgG) were significantly higher for the 3-dose than the 2-dose group. In the multivariable analysis, a 3-dose regimen compared with a 2-dose regimen (odds ratio = 3.36; 95% confidence interval = 1.14-9.93) was independently associated with sustained seroprotection.
  
  
  
  Three doses versus 2 doses of HAV vaccine improve the durability of immune responses in terms of higher concentrations of specific IgG, which take longer to decay to subthreshold levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Aristine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sui-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yun
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mao-Song
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chun
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Center of Infection Control, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Parasitology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Ching
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Main Branch, and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shan-Chwen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000517:prevention & control; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D035922:Hepatitis A Antibodies; D022362:Hepatitis A Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D012367:RNA, Viral; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
keywords: hepatitis A vaccine; immunogenicity; long-term antibody persistence; seroprotection; seroresponsiveness