title: CCL24 contributes to HCC malignancy via RhoB- VEGFA-VEGFR2 angiogenesis pathway and indicates poor prognosis.
abstract: CCL24 is one chemotactic factor extensively studied in airway inflammation and colorectal cancer but less studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) retrospectively. So HCC tissue microarray (TMA) was used to estimate relationship between CCL24 and prognosis, cell experiments were conducted to study its influence for HCC cell biological behavior. CCL24 was injected to nude mice to monitor tumor formation and pulmonary metastasis; qRT-PCR, western blot and Immunohistochemistry were used to explore potential mechanism. CCL24 plays roles in target cells via its downstream CCR3, or it is regulated by Type 2 helper T cells (Th2 cell) factors, so immune related experiments were conducted. Meanwhile, Rho GTPase family have close relation not only with T cell priming, but with neovascularization; CCL24 contributes to neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration via CCR3, so Rho GTPase family, Th2 cell factors, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells were used to uncover their trafficking. Ultimate validation was confirmed by small interfering RNA. Results showed CCL24 expression was higher in caner tissues than adjacent normal tissues, it could contribute to proliferation, migration, and invasion in HCCs, could accelerate pulmonary metastasis, promote HUVECs tube formation. Th2 cell factors were irrelevant with CCL24 in HCCs; and RhoB, VEGFA, and VEGFR2 correlated with CCL24 in both mRNA and protein level. Downstream RhoB-VEGFA signaling pathway was validated by siRhoB and siVEGFA inhibition. In a word, CCL24 contributes to HCC malignancy via RhoB-VEGFA-VEGFR2 angiogenesis pathway and indicates poor prognosis, which urges us to study further CCL24 effects on diagnosis and potential therapy for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Ren
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Meng-Xin
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xi-Fei
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Yun
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Fei
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Jian
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.|Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.|Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054423:Chemokine CCL24 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011379:Prognosis; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054397:Receptors, CCR3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C515484:CCL24 protein, human; C515350:CCR3 protein, human; D054423:Chemokine CCL24; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D020743:rhoB GTP-Binding Protein
keywords: CCL24; HCC; RhoB; VEGFA; prognosis