title: New tubeless video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for small pulmonary nodules.
abstract: Problems associated with intubation, chest drainage and urinary catheterization can have a negative impact on patient's recovery after thoracic surgery. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of a new tubeless (spontaneous ventilation without tracheal intubation, urinary catheterization, and no post-operative chest drain placement) approach to perform video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for small pulmonary nodules (SPN) less than 2cm in diameter.
  
  
  
  From 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2014, 34 patients with SPNs were treated using tubeless VATS in our centre. To be eligible for this approach, the patient must have a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25; ASA grade of II or less; no history of prostate or renal disease and no parenchymal air leak at the end of surgery. All operations were performed via an anterior uniportal VATS under spontaneous ventilation without tracheal intubation.
  
  
  
  All patients [29 male:5 females; average age: 58 ± 19 years old] completed their operation under spontaneous ventilation, without conversion to endotracheal intubation. There was good operative exposure and definite diagnosis was obtained in all patients. The anaesthesia and operating time were 23 ± 3 min and 43 ± 10 min, respectively. No major intra-operative or post-operative complications were seen. Patients recovered from their anaesthesia (fully awake) within a mean time of 18 ± 3 min after surgery, and were eating 42 normally on an average of 5 ± 1 h post-operatively. No patients had pain on deep breathing or coughing (Bruggemann Comfort Score < 2). Within 24 h after surgery, 26 patients were discharged, while the remaining 8 patients were discharged on the second day. None of the patients needed re-invention with chest drainage or urinary catheterization even after discharge. All patients remained well at a median [interquartile range] follow-up time of 3[2-5] weeks.
  
  
  
  Tubeless VATS approach for SPNs is feasible in carefully selected patients. Intubation, chest drainage, and/or urinary catheterization may not be necessary in all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Shuben
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Keng-Leong
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Ang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hanzhang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qinglong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.|Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Hanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jingpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.|State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China.|National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D015505:Chest Tubes; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D003074:Solitary Pulmonary Nodule / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization
keywords: Small Pulmonary Nodules (SPNs); Tubeless ; Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) 