title: Are Treated Celiac Patients at Risk for Mycotoxins? An Italian Case-Study.
abstract: Urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure were evaluated in a group of celiac patients (n= 55) and in a control group of healthy subjects (n= 50) following their habitual diet. Deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) were monitored in 105 urinary samples collected from the two groups. Dietary habits were also recorded through compilation of a seven-day weighed dietary diary. Biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure were detected in 21 celiac patients and in 15 control subjects, corresponding to about 34% of total participants. In particular, ZEN was the most detected mycotoxin among all the studied subjects with a total of 19 positive cases. Results did not show a statistically significant difference in mycotoxin exposure between the two groups, and the presence of specific mycotoxins was not related to the intake of any particular food category. Our findings suggest little urgency of specific regulation for gluten free products, although the prevalence of exposure observed in free-living diets of both celiac and healthy subjects underlines the need of a constant surveillance on mycotoxins occurrence at large.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 49/A, Parma 43124, Italy. martina.cirlini@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirlini
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 49/A, Parma 43124, Italy. teresa.mazzeo@studenti.unipr.it.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mazzeo
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. l.roncoroni@nutrizionista.la.|Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy. l.roncoroni@nutrizionista.la.
authors.forename: Leda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roncoroni
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. vicky.l@hotmail.it.
authors.forename: Vincenza
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombardo
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. lucelli@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elli
authors.affiliation: Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. mariateresa.bardella@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardella
authors.affiliation: Intermediate Pediatric Care Unit, IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy. agostoc2@gmail.com.|Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy. agostoc2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy. luisa.doneda@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Doneda
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 49/A, Parma 43124, Italy. furio.brighenti@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 49/A, Parma 43124, Italy. chiara.dallasta@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dall'Asta
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 49/A, Parma 43124, Italy. nicoletta.pellegrini@unipr.it.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine*; D004032:Diet; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000652:urine*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000652:urine; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C056933:fumonisin B1; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol
keywords: celiac patients; deoxynivalenol (DON); fumonisin B1 (FB1); human urine; zearalenone (ZEN)