title: Type I Chiari malformation presenting orthostatic syncope who treated with decompressive surgery.
abstract: Chiari malformations are a congenital anomaly of the hindbrain. The most common, Chiari malformation type I (CM-I), is characterized by herniation of the cerebellar tonsils extending at least 3 mm below the plane of the foramen magnum. Consequently, CM-I is associated with hydrocephalus and symptoms involving compression of the cervicomedullary junction by ectopic tonsils. Several studies have reported the clinical symptoms associated with CM-I, including suboccipital headache, weakness in the upper extremities, facial numbness, loss of temperature sensation, ataxia, diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, vomiting, vertigo, nystagmus, and tinnitus. Syncope is one of the rarest presentations in patients with CM-I. There are many hypotheses regarding the causes of syncope in patients with CM-I; however, the mechanisms are not clearly understood. Although surgical decompression for CM-I in patients with syncope has yielded good clinical results in some studies, such cases are rarely reported. We report a case of orthostatic syncope in a patient with CM-I who was treated with surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Seok
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Chiari malformation type I; Orthostatic hypotension; Syncope