title: Distribution of the Habitat Suitability of the Main Malaria Vector in French Guiana Using Maximum Entropy Modeling.
abstract: Malaria is an important health issue in French Guiana. Its principal mosquito vector in this region is Anopheles darlingi Root. Knowledge of the spatial distribution of this species is still very incomplete due to the extent of French Guiana and the difficulty to access most of the territory. Species distribution modeling based on the maximal entropy procedure was used to predict the spatial distribution of An. darlingi using 39 presence sites. The resulting model provided significantly high prediction performances (mean 10-fold cross-validated partial area under the curve and continuous Boyce index equal to, respectively, 1.11-with a level of omission error of 20%-and 0.42). The model also provided a habitat suitability map and environmental response curves in accordance with the known entomological situation. Several environmental characteristics that had a positive correlation with the presence of An. darlingi were highlighted: nonpermanent anthropogenic changes of the natural environment, the presence of roads and tracks, and opening of the forest. Some geomorphological landforms and high altitude landscapes appear to be unsuitable for An. darlingi. The species distribution modeling was able to reliably predict the distribution of suitable habitats for An. darlingi in French Guiana. Results allowed completion of the knowledge of the spatial distribution of the principal malaria vector in this Amazonian region, and identification of the main factors that favor its presence. They should contribute to the definition of a necessary targeted vector control strategy in a malaria pre-elimination stage, and allow extrapolation of the acquired knowledge to other Amazonian or malaria-endemic contexts.
authors.affiliation: Université de Guyane, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Cayenne, French Guiana (yi.moua@ird.fr).
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moua
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Montpellier, France (emmanuel.roux@ird.fr; frederique.seyler@ird.fr).
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roux
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana (rgirod@pasteur-cayenne.fr; idusfour@pasteur-cayenne.fr; sbriolant@pasteur-cayenne.fr).
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Girod
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana (rgirod@pasteur-cayenne.fr; idusfour@pasteur-cayenne.fr; sbriolant@pasteur-cayenne.fr).
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dusfour
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Interactions Virus Hôtes, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana (bdethoisy@pasteur-cayenne.fr).
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Thoisy
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, ESPACE-DEV, UMR 228 (IRD, UM, UR, UA, UG), Montpellier, France (emmanuel.roux@ird.fr; frederique.seyler@ird.fr).
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Seyler
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana ( rgirod@pasteur-cayenne.fr; idusfour@pasteur-cayenne.fr; sbriolant@pasteur-cayenne.fr ).|Direction Interarmées du Service de Santé en Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana.|Institut de Recherche Biomédicales des Armées, Unité de Parasitologie et d'Entomologie Médicale, Marseille, France.|Unité de Recherche en Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes, UMR 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briolant
mesh_terms: D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000502:physiology*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005616:French Guiana; D062305:Geographic Mapping; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission; D008954:Models, Biological
keywords: Anopheles darlingi; Maxent; presence-only; sampling bias; species distribution model