title: Multisource feedback to graduate nurses: a multimethod study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To explore graduate nurses' perceptions of the influence of multisource feedback on their performance and (2) to explore perceptions of Clinical Nurse Educators involved in providing feedback regarding feasibility and benefit of the approach.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Graduate registered nurses are expected to provide high-quality care for patients in demanding and unpredictable clinical environments. Receiving feedback is essential to their development. Performance appraisals are a common method used to provide feedback and typically involve a single source of feedback. Alternatively, multisource feedback allows the learner to gain insight into performance from a variety of perspectives. This study explores multisource feedback in an Australian setting within the graduate nurse context.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multimethod study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven graduates were given structured performance feedback from four raters: Nurse Unit Manager, Clinical Nurse Educator, preceptor and a self-appraisal. Thirteen graduates received standard single-rater appraisals. Data regarding perceptions of feedback for both groups were obtained using a questionnaire. Semistructured interviews were conducted with nurses who received multisource feedback and the educators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 94% (n = 15) of survey respondents perceived feedback was important during the graduate year. Four themes emerged from interviews: informal feedback, appropriateness of raters, elements of delivery and creating an appraisal process that is 'more real'. Multisource feedback was perceived as more beneficial compared to single-rater feedback. Educators saw value in multisource feedback; however, perceived barriers were engaging raters and collating feedback.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some evidence exists to indicate that feedback from multiple sources is valued by graduates. Further research in a larger sample and with more experienced nurses is required.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence resulting from this study indicates that multisource feedback is valued by both graduates and educators and informs graduates' development and transition into the role. Thus, a multisource approach to feedback for graduate nurses should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McPhee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.|Centre for Quality and Patient Safety (QPS), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6821-4983
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Cherene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ockerby
authors.affiliation: Monash Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.|School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.|Centre for Quality and Patient Safety (QPS), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5065-2726
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D004506:Education, Nursing / Q000592:standards*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000066477:Work Performance
keywords: appraisal process; clinical educators; feedback; graduate nurse year; graduate nurses; interviews; multisource feedback; novice nurses; nurses; surveys and questionnaires