title: Increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis in Amapá, Brazil.
abstract: The present note discusses some evidence on the increasing potential risk for American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) transmission in the Northern Brazilian State of Amapá, the Guianan-Amazon biome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early and present data about AVL were collected, including our recent entomological findings.
  The spread of the sand fly vector Lutzomyia longipalpis, and a sylvatic reservoir host, the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous in that region represents important findings related to the epidemiology of AVL in the Guianan-Amazon biome.
  These observations suggest that Brazilian authorities need to develop surveillance strategies in these risk areas.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago Vasconcelos Dos
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisas Cientificas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá, Macapá, Amapá, Brazil.
authors.forename: Allan Kardec Ribeiro
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Galardo
authors.affiliation: Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marinete Marins
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Póvoa
authors.affiliation: Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth Ferreira
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Rangel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D005589:Foxes / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000469:parasitology*