title: Integrated water resources management for emergency situations: A case study of Macau.
abstract: Integrated urban water management (IUWM) is a useful tool that can be used to alleviate water resource shortages in developing regions like Macau, where 98% of the raw water comes from mainland China. In Macau, scarce water resources deteriorate rapidly in emergency situations, such as accidental chemical spills upstream of the supply reservoir or salty tides. During these times, only the water from the two freshwater reservoirs in Macau can be used. In this study, we developed urban water management optimization models that integrated the raw water supply from the two reservoirs with various proposed governmental policies (wastewater reuse, rainwater collection, and water saving). We then determined how various water resource strategies would influence the urban water supply in Macau in emergency situations. Our results showed that, without imported raw water, the water supply from only the two Macau reservoirs would last for 7.95days. However, when all the government policies were included in the model, the supply could be extended to 13.79days. Out of the three non-conventional water resources, wastewater reuse is the most beneficial for increasing the Macau water supply, and rainwater collection also has great potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Electronic address: jeffjianyong@qq.com.
authors.forename: JianYong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Electronic address: iclou@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Inchio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address: yingxia@bnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: YingXia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D004189:Disaster Planning; D055864:Droughts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008256:Macau; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062066:Water Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Emergency situations; Integrated urban water management; Macau; Non-conventional water resources