title: Nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic antibodies: Dogma or promising strategy?
abstract: Over the past two decades, therapeutic antibodies have demonstrated promising results in the treatment of a wide array of diseases. However, the application of antibody-based therapy implies multiple administrations and a high cost of antibody production, resulting in costly therapy. Another disadvantage inherent to antibody-based therapy is the limited stability of antibodies and the low level of tissue penetration. The use of nanoparticles as delivery systems for antibodies allows for a reduction in antibody dosing and may represent a suitable alternative to increase antibody stability Areas covered: We discuss different nanocarriers intended for the delivery of antibodies as well as the corresponding encapsulation methods. Recent developments in antibody nanoencapsulation, particularly the possible toxicity issues that may arise from entrapment of antibodies into nanocarriers, are also assessed. In addition, this review will discuss the alterations in antibody structure and bioactivity that occur with nanoencapsulation. Expert opinion: Nanocarriers can protect antibodies from degradation, ensuring superior bioavailability. Encapsulation of therapeutic antibodies may offer some advantages, including potential targeting, reduced immunogenicity and controlled release. Furthermore, antibody nanoencapsulation may aid in the incorporation of the antibodies into the cells, if intracellular components (e.g. intracellular enzymes, oncogenic proteins, transcription factors) are to be targeted.
authors.affiliation: a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|c ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|d CESPU - Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde , Gandra-PRD , Portugal.
authors.forename: Flávia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.affiliation: e CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia , Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: f UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences - Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fonte
authors.affiliation: a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|c ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|g IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: h Department of Clinical Medicine , Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg , Denmark.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Neves-Petersen
authors.affiliation: a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.|c ICBAS - Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5763-7553
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarmento
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies
keywords: Antibody; antibody delivery; controlled release; intracellular antibody; nanoparticle; toxicity