title: Effects of an extension of the equilibration period up to 96 hours on the characteristics of cryopreserved bull semen.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of an equilibration period up to 96 hours and three extenders (AndroMed, OPTIXcell, and Triladyl) on the quality of cryopreserved bull semen and to evaluate, whether an extension of the equilibration time to 72 hours does affect fertility in the field. One ejaculate of 17 bulls was collected and divided into three equal aliquots and diluted, respectively, with the three extenders. Each aliquot was again divided into five parts and equilibrated for 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours before freezing in an automatic freezer. Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), and DNA fragmentation index (% DFI) were measured during equilibration. In addition to the parameters measured during equilibration, the percentage of viable sperm cells with high mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP) was measured immediately after thawing, and after 3 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Sperm motility was assessed using CASA, and PMAI, HMMP, and % DFI were measured using flow cytometry. Equilibration time did affect all parameters before freezing (P < 0.01), and also the extender affected all parameters except HMMP (P < 0.05). After thawing, all parameters except HMMP immediately after thawing were influenced by the equilibration period (P < 0.001), whereas all parameters except % DFI immediately after thawing were influenced by the extender (P < 0.001). The changes of semen characteristics during 3 hours of incubation were also dependent on the equilibration time and the extender used in all parameters (P < 0.01). In the field study, semen of nine bulls was collected thrice weekly, processed using Triladyl egg yolk extender, and frozen in 0.25 mL straws with 15 × 106spermatozoa per straw. In total, the nonreturn rates on Day 90 after insemination (NRR90) of 263,816 inseminations in two periods were evaluated. Whereas semen collected on Mondays and Wednesdays was equilibrated for 24 hours in both periods, semen collected on Fridays was equilibrated for 4 hours in period one and equilibrated for 72 hours in period 2. No differences in NRR90 could be found (P > 0.05). In conclusion, extension of the equilibration time from 4 hours to 24-72 hours can improve motility and viability of cryopreserved semen after thawing. The extent of improvement in semen quality is dependent on the extender used. Prolongation of the equilibration period from 4 hours to 72 hours had no effect on fertility in the field.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland. Electronic address: afleisch@vetclinics.uzh.ch.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleisch
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malama
authors.affiliation: Swissgenetics, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Witschi
authors.affiliation: Besamungsverein Neustadt a.d. Aisch e.V., Neustadt a.d. Aisch, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leiding
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siuda
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janett
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bollwein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005298:Fertility; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Bull semen; Cryopreservation; Equilibration period; Extender; Fertility; Semen quality