title: Surface Lattice Resonances for Enhanced and Directional Electroluminescence at High Current Densities.
abstract: Hybrid photonic-plasmonic modes in periodic arrays of metallic nanostructures offer a promising trade-off between high-quality cavities and subdiffraction mode confinement. However, their application in electrically driven light-emitting devices is hindered by their sensitivity to the surrounding environment and to charge injecting metallic electrodes in particular. Here, we demonstrate that the planar structure of light-emitting field-effect transistor (LEFET) ensures undisturbed operation of the characteristic modes. We incorporate a square array of gold nanodisks into the charge transporting and emissive layer of a polymer LEFET in order to tailor directionality and emission efficiency via the Purcell effect and variation of the fractional local density of states in particular. Angle- and polarization-resolved spectra confirm that the enhanced electroluminescence correlates with the dispersion curves of the surface lattice resonances supported by these structures. These LEFETs reach current densities on the order of 10 kA/cm2, which may pave the way toward practical optoelectronic devices with tailored emission patterns and potentially electrically pumped plasmonic lasers.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zakharko
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Held
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Arko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.affiliation: Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; InnovationLab, Speyerer Straße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rödlmeier
authors.affiliation: Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; InnovationLab, Speyerer Straße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eckstein
authors.affiliation: Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; InnovationLab, Speyerer Straße 4, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Sosa
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologie, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hähnlein
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikro- und Nanotechnologie, Technische Universität Ilmenau , D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pezoldt
authors.affiliation: Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg , D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zaumseil
keywords: Purcell effect; electroluminescence; light-emitting field-effect transistor; organic electronics; plasmonic crystals; surface lattice resonances