title: Presence of nano-sized chitosan-layered silicate composites protects against toxicity induced by lead ions.
abstract: Protecting cells from toxicosis even apoptosis induced by a variety of toxic heavy metals stimulus has drawn more and more attentions. This study was designed to elucidate whether chitosan-organic rectorite (CS-OREC) composites exhibited any protective effects on altered oxidative stress parameter in PC12 cells exposed to lead ions (Pb2+). The cells were exposed to Pb2+either alone or in combination with CS-OREC composites for designated time to evaluate the efficacy of the composites on Pb2+-induced toxicity. The MTT assay results showed that the cell viability of PC12 was remarkably decreased when exposed to Pb2+, but significantly retained after adding CS-OREC composites compared to that of the control. The beneficial effect of CS-OREC composites on cytotoxicity was related, at least in part, to its ability to protect against apoptosis in PC12 cells exposed to 50μM Pb2+. Their protective effect was also associated with the inhibitory effect on Pb2+-induced activation of Bax/Bcl-2, P-38, and caspase-3 pathways, while was independent on JNK pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Xinqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Plastic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Tongjian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Jiajia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Key Lab of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address: hbdeng@whu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational & Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China. Electronic address: luowenj@fmmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenjing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D007854:Lead / Q000633:toxicity*; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000633:toxicity; D016716:PC12 Cells; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C494828:Bax protein, rat; C000617196:Bcl2 protein, rat; D008903:Minerals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C546376:rectorite; D007854:Lead; D048271:Chitosan; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; C008261:lead acetate
keywords: Chitosan; Nanocomposites; Organic rectorite; Pb(2+)-Induced apoptosis; Protection