title: Antimycobacterial ingredients from plants used in traditional medicine to treat Buruli ulcer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical disease caused by a mycobacteria, Mycobacterium ulcerans. The WHO recommended Rifampicin-Streptomycin combination side effects and poor compliance, leaves rural populations with no choice than to patronise indigenous remedies. This study is aimed at validating medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat BU by investigating the in vitro efficacy and safety as well as their composition in active molecules.
  
  
  METHODS
  A short report-based survey was used to identify medicinal plants used traditionally for BU treatment. Maceration of collected plant samples in methanol, hydroethanolic, ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane, resulted in a total of 67 extracts assessed for antimycobacteria activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium ulcerans using the Resazurin Microtiter Assay. The cytotoxicity effect of promising extracts was assessed on normal human liver cells using the MTT assay. The bio-guided fractionation of the promising extracts led to the isolation of active compounds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority of plants prepared as infusion, decoction, poultice, and macerate were administered topically. Significant antimycobacterial activity with MIC values ranging from 16 to 250μg/mL was recorded against M. smegmatis (25 extracts) and M. ulcerans (17 extracts).1Most of antimycobacterial extracts showed no significant cytotoxicity against normal human hepatocytes.1The isolation guided by the biological activity revealed nine compounds with significant in vitro anti-M. ulcerans activity (MIC=16-128μg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results completed support the use these plants in the indigenous knowledge against BU. Further analyses of active principles might lead to new drug toe fight against BU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana. Electronic address: ptsouh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Patrick Valere
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Tsouh Fokou
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Abena Adomah
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kissi-Twum
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yeboah-Manu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Appiah-Opong
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Experimentation, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Addo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Yamthe
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Alvine Ngoutane
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mfopa
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Fabrice Fekam
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Boyom
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
authors.forename: Alexander Kwadwo
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Nyarko
keywords: Buruli ulcer; Cytotoxicity; Mycobacterium ulcerans; Phytochemistry; Phytotherapy