title: CHI3L1 overexpression is associated with metastasis and is an indicator of poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we examined the relationships between the expression level of CHI3L1 and the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 322 tissue samples from patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma were collected, and the CHI3L1 expression levels in tumor tissues, matched adjacent noncancerous tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR. The relationships between CHI3L1 expression levels and the clinical characteristics were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHI3L1 expression was significantly increased in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared with matched adjacent noncancerous tissues (P< 0.001), tumor tissues with lymph node metastasis (LNM) compared with tumor tissues without LNM (P< 0.001) and tumor tissues with distant organ metastasis (DOM) compared with tumor tissues without DOM (P< 0.01). CHI3L1 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P= 0.0001), lymph node metastasis (P< 0.0001), distant organ metastasis (P< 0.0001), extrathyroid invasion (P= 0.0022), vascular invasion (P= 0.0004) and TNM stage (P= 0.0001). CHI3L1 overexpression in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues correlates with the tumor malignant potential (P< 0.01). More importantly, Cox multifactor analysis indicated that patients with high CHI3L1 expression have lower overall survival, disease-free survival, lymph node recurrence-free survival, and distant recurrence free survival rates than those with low expression (P< 0.05). And our findings were further validated by online Oncomine database.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHI3L1 is associated with tumor metastasis and might be a prognostic biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Dingyuan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Penghui
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center of Medical Research, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun-Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.|Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Miaoyun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Xinzhi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Mingqing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Shaojian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Langping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Zhibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Nengtai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Honghao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077273:Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: CHI3L1; immunohistochemistry; metastasis; papillary thyroid carcinoma; prognosis