title: Mechanism of inhibition by chlorpromazine of the human pain threshold sodium channel, Nav1.7.
abstract: Chlorpromazine is a phenothiazine derivative which is primarily used for schizophrenia and occasionally for migraine. Because Nav1.7 plays an important role in pain sensation, we investigated whether chlorpromazine blocks the human Nav1.7 (hNav1.7) sodium current in HEK293 cells stably expressing hNav1.7 using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The peak current of hNav1.7 was reduced by chlorpromazine in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 25.9±0.6μM and a Hill coefficient of 2.3±0.1. The calmodulin inhibitory peptide did not abolish the blockade of hNav1.7 currents by chlorpromazine. The blockade of hNav1.7 currents by chlorpromazine was completely and repeatedly reversible after washout. The half-maximal voltage of activation of hNav1.7 was not changed by chlorpromazine. However, chlorpromazine caused hyperpolarized the steady-state inactivation of hNav1.7. The recovery from inactivation in the presence of chlorpromazine was slower than in the absence of chlorpromazine. Chlorpromazine also showed strong use-dependent inhibition of the hNav1.7 current. Our results demonstrate that chlorpromazine blocks the hNav1.7 current in concentration-, state- and use-dependent manners and suggest that it merits further study for potential use in pain management.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
authors.forename: Su-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sang June
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Waxman
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, South Korea. Electronic address: jinsung.choi@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin-Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel / Q000378:metabolism*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D062556:NAV1.7 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; C486866:SCN9A protein, human; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D002746:Chlorpromazine
keywords: Calmodulin inhibitory peptide; Chlorpromazine; Na(v)1.7; Pain; Voltage-gated sodium channel