title: Reservoir Cannulas for Pediatric Oxygen Therapy: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
abstract: Hypoxemia is a complication of pneumonia-the leading infectious cause of death in children worldwide. Treatment generally requires oxygen-enriched air, but access in low-resource settings is expensive and unreliable. We explored use of reservoir cannulas (RCs), which yield oxygen savings in adults but have not been examined in children. Toddler, small child, and adolescent breathing profiles were simulated with artificial lung and airway models. An oxygen concentrator provided flow rates of 0 to 5 L/min via a standard nasal cannula (NC) or RC, and delivered oxygen fraction (FdO2) was measured. The oxygen savings ratio (SR) and absolute flow savings (AFS) were calculated, comparing NC and RC. We demonstrated proof-of-concept that pendant RCs could conserve oxygen during pediatric therapy. SR mean and standard deviation were 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.4 ± 0.4, 1.1 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.3, and 1.3 ± 0.1 to 2.4 ± 0.3 for toddler, small child, and adolescent models, respectively. Maximum AFS observed were 0.3 ± 0.3, 0.2 ± 0.1, and 1.4 ± 0.3 L/min for the same models. RCs have the potential to reduce oxygen consumption during treatment of hypoxemia in children; however, further evaluation of products is needed, followed by clinical analysis in patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, One Silber Way, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Alec
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4812-3523
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wollen
authors.affiliation: Seattle Children's Hospital, P.O. Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145, USA.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: DiBlasi
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9099-9214
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himley
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saxon
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1178-1490
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delarosa
authors.affiliation: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, P.O. Box 23350, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7523-0124
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Izadnegahdar
authors.affiliation: Save the Children, 501 Kings Highway East, Suite 400, Fairfield, CT 06825, USA.
authors.forename: Amy Sarah
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ginsburg
authors.affiliation: PATH, P.O. Box 900922, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Darin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2973-4986
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zehrung