title: Components of the SNARE-containing regulon are co-regulated in root cells undergoing defense.
abstract: The term regulon has been coined in the genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, denoting a structural and physiological defense apparatus defined genetically through the identification of the penetration (pen) mutants. The regulon is composed partially by the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) syntaxin PEN1. PEN1 has homology to a Saccharomyces cerevisae gene that regulates a Secretion (Sec) protein, Suppressor of Sec 1 (Sso1p). The regulon is also composed of the β-glucosidase (PEN2) and an ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter (PEN3). While important in inhibiting pathogen infection, limited observations have been made regarding the transcriptional regulation of regulon genes until now. Experiments made using the model agricultural Glycine max (soybean) have identified co-regulated gene expression of regulon components. The results explain the observation of hundreds of genes expressed specifically in the root cells undergoing the natural process of defense. Data regarding additional G. max genes functioning within the context of the regulon are presented here, including Sec 14, Sec 4 and Sec 23. Other examined G. max homologs of membrane fusion genes include an endosomal bromo domain-containing protein1 (Bro1), syntaxin6 (SYP6), SYP131, SYP71, SYP8, Bet1, coatomer epsilon (ϵ-COP), a coatomer zeta (ζ-COP) paralog and an ER to Golgi component (ERGIC) protein. Furthermore, the effectiveness of biochemical pathways that would function within the context of the regulon ave been examined, including xyloglucan xylosyltransferase (XXT), reticuline oxidase (RO) and galactinol synthase (GS). The experiments have unveiled the importance of the regulon during defense in the root and show how the deposition of callose relates to the process.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Klink
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Keshav
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Shankar R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Brant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McNeece
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biological Sciences , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Prakash
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niraula
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology , Mississippi State University , Mississippi State , MS , USA.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Lawrence
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans / Q000378:metabolism; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010430:Pentosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018085:Regulon / Q000235:genetics; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D005936:Glucans; C510424:PDR8 protein, Arabidopsis; D050600:SNARE Proteins; C048306:callose; C071690:reticuline oxidase; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; C096645:inositol 1-alpha-galactosyltransferase; D010430:Pentosyltransferases; C029368:xyloglucan xylosyltransferase; D001617:beta-Glucosidase; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; C505663:PEN2 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: ABC transporter; SNARE; callose; pathogen; regulon; α-SNAP; β-glucosidase