title: Clinicopathological parameters and prognostic relevance of miR-21 and PTEN expression in Wilms' tumor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MiR-21 is one of the most often found miRNAs overexpressed in solid tumors, while PTEN is the most highly mutated tumor suppressor gene. Our purpose was to examine the expression levels of miR-21 and PTEN protein in Wilms' tumor (WT) and in para-tumoral tissues and to investigate the relationships among miR-21, PTEN expression, clinicopathological parameters and the prognosis of patients with WT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression levels of miR-21 and PTEN protein in WT and corresponding para-tumoral tissues were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Differences in patient survival were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with para-tumoral renal tissues, the expression levels of miR-21 were significantly upregulated in WT tissues, while the PTEN protein were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). Analyses of the clinicopathological parameters showed that the miR-21 expression level was significantly associated with age, late clinical stage, histopathological tumor type and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). PTEN protein expression was significantly associated with age, late clinical stage and histopathological tumor type (P<0.05). The univariate linear regression analysis illustrated a significant negative correlation between miR-21 and PTEN expression (r=-0.687, P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with high miR-21 and low PTEN protein expression survived significantly longer (P<0.05). However, a multivariate analysis suggested that neither the expression level of miR-21 nor that of PTEN is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both upregulated miR-21 and downregulated PTEN expression have a possible correlation with the aggressive progression and poor prognosis of WT, which suggests that upregulated miR-21 and downregulated PTEN expression may be valuable markers of tumor progression and indicators of the prognosis of WT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Quality Inspection Center for Medical Devices, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address: sdu-submit@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rongde
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C524940:MIRN21 microRNA, human; D035683:MicroRNAs; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
keywords: PTEN; Wilms' tumor; miR-21