title: Frit inlet field-flow fractionation techniques for the characterization of polyion complex self-assemblies.
abstract: Polymer self-assemblies joining oppositely charged chains, known as polyion complexes (PICs), have been formed using poly(ethyleneoxide - b - acrylic acid)/poly(l-lysine), poly(ethyleneoxide-b-acrylic acid)/dendrigraft poly(l-lysine) and poly[(3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride - b - N - isopropyl acrylamide]/poly(acrylic acid). The self-assemblies have been first characterized in batch by Dynamic Light Scattering. In a second step, their analysis by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation techniques (FlFFF) was examined. They were shown to be very sensitive to shearing, especially during the focus step of the fractionation, and this led to an incompatibility with asymmetrical FlFFF. On the other hand, Frit Inlet FlFFF proved to be very efficient to observe them, either in its symmetrical (FI-FlFFF) or asymmetrical version (FI-AsFlFFF). Conditions of elution were found to optimize the sample recovery in pure water. Spherical self-assemblies were detected, with a size range between 70-400nm depending on the polymers. Compared to batch DLS, FI-AsFlFFF clearly showed the presence of several populations in some cases. The influence of salt on poly(ethyleneoxide-b-acrylic acid) (PEO-PAA) 6000-3000/dendrigraft poly(l-lysine) (DGL 3) was also assessed in parallel in batch DLS and FI-AsFlFFF. Batch DLS revealed a first process of swelling of the self-assembly for low concentrations up to 0.8M followed by the dissociation. FI-AsFlFFF furthermore indicated a possible ejection of DGL3 from the PIC assembly for concentrations as low as 0.2M, which could not be observed in batch DLS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France; Département Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Université de Toulouse, INP-EI PURPAN, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Till
authors.affiliation: Département Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Université de Toulouse, INP-EI PURPAN, 75 voie du TOEC, BP 57611, F-31076 Toulouse Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Mireille
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaucher
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Baptiste
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amouroux
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gineste
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lonetti
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mingotaud
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Advanced Separations Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen R M
authors.initials: CRM
authors.lastname: Bria
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Advanced Separations Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
authors.forename: S Kim Ratanathanawongs
authors.initials: SKR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-EI PURPAN, Toulouse, France. Electronic address: frederic.violleau@purpan.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Violleau
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Paul Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France. Electronic address: afmingo@chimie.ups-tlse.fr.
authors.forename: Anne-Françoise
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mingotaud
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D061006:Bays; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D031521:Fractionation, Field Flow / Q000379:methods*; D007477:Ions; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012031:Refractometry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D012996:Solutions
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D007477:Ions; D011108:Polymers; D012996:Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C006903:carbopol 940; D008239:Lysine
keywords: Flow field-flow fractionation; Frit inlet flow field-flow fractionation; Polyion complex micelles; Polymers; Self-assembly