title: Cross-sectional study to assess the need to commence opportunistic screening of women for cervical cancer presenting with sexually transmitted disease in Western India.
abstract: This study examines the prevalence of suspected cervical cancer (established through the use of visual inspection with Lugol's Iodine - VILI) among outpatients attending Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research Hospital, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 patients; 178 with an established sexually transmitted disease (STD) and 178 patients without. Patients with positive results were investigated with cervical biopsy; out of 356 patients, 21.91% patients with STD and 12.35% patients without STD tested positive for VILI respectively (p = .017). The factors found to be significantly associated with a positive VILI test were STD, marital status, oral contraceptive pill use, a complaint of PV bleeding, white discharge on speculum examination (PS) and cervical erosion on PS. On applying multiple logistic regression, STD, age of patient in years, parity, OC pill use, a complaint of PV bleeding and cervical erosion on PS were found to be significant predictors of VILI positivity among the patients. STD patients are 2.5 times more likely to test positive for VILI than patients without STD. In Indian populations comparable to ours, opportunistic screening should be considered in gynaecology outpatient clinics for women presenting with complaints related to STDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Mihir P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Rupani
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ajay B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Raj Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Malati
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education & Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ashvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vachhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Khushali D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Parikh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007454:Iodides; D017533:Marital Status; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D002579:Uterine Cervical Erosion / Q000209:etiology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D007454:Iodides; C010389:Lugol's solution
keywords: Lugol's iodine; cervical cancer; diagnosis; less-developed countries; low-income population; screening; sexually transmitted diseases