title: Intimate partner violence screening in emergency department: a rapid review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the review was to identify intimate partner violence screening interventions used in emergency departments and to explore factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Intimate partner violence against women is now clearly recognised as a global health and societal issue. Nurses working in emergency and urgent care settings can play a crucial role in identification, prevention and management of intimate partner violence. Research exploring optimal methods of intimate partner violence screening and factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments are relatively limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review: Rapid Evidence Synthesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature published between 2000-2015 was reviewed using the principles of rapid evidence assessment. Six electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Psych Info, the Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Library.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine empirical studies meeting the eligibility criteria were independently assessed by two authors using appropriate Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklists. Intimate partner violence screening in emergency departments is usually performed using electronic, face to face or pen- and paper-based instruments. Routine or universal screening results in higher identification rates of intimate partner violence. Women who screen positive for intimate partner violence in emergency departments are more likely to experience abuse in subsequent months. Factors that facilitate partner violence screening can be classified as healthcare professionals related factors, organisational factors and patient-related factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emergency departments provide a unique opportunity for healthcare professionals to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Competence in assessing the needs of the patients appears to be a very significant factor that may affect rates of intimate partner violence disclosure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Knowledge of appropriate domestic violence screening methods and factors affecting intimate partner violence screening in emergency can help nurses, and other healthcare professionals provide patient-centred and effective care to victims of abuse attending emergency department.
authors.affiliation: Ain-al-Khaleej Hospital, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Parveen Azam
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Ashfaque
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talpur
authors.affiliation: School of Social Sciences, Leeds Becket University, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhingra
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036301:Qualitative Research; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: emergency department; intimate partner violence; nursing; rapid evidence assessment; review; screening