title: Role of STAT3 pathway in genitourinary tumors.
abstract: TheSTAT3is often dysregulated in genitourinary tumors. In prostate cancer,STAT3activation correlates with Gleason score and pathological stage and modulates cancer stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition,STAT3promotes the progression from carcinomain situto invasive bladder cancer and modulates renal cell carcinoma angiogenesis by increasing the expression of HIF1α and VEGF.STAT3is also involved in the response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and axitinib, in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and to second-generation androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we describe the role ofSTAT3in genitourinary tumors, thus describing its potential for future therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Specialistic Clinical & Odontostomatological Sciences, Section of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy; Department of Specialistic Clinical & Odontostomatological Sciences, Section of Urology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Piazza Roma 22, 60121 Ancona, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Piazza Roma 22, 60121 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piva
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massari
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ciccarese
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burattini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain; Department of Surgery, Cordoba University Medical School, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.affiliation: Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpelli
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy; Medical Oncology Department, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santini
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortora
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy; Medical Oncology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I, GM Lancisi, G Salesi, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cascinu
authors.affiliation: Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy; Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
keywords: drug resistance; genitourinary tumors; metastasis; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; tumor microenvironment