title: Activated Carbon Textile via Chemistry of Metal Extraction for Supercapacitors.
abstract: Carbothermic reduction in the chemistry of metal extraction (MO(s) + C(s) → M(s) + CO(g)) using carbon as a sacrificial agent has been used to smelt metals from diverse oxide ores since ancient times. Here, we paid attention to another aspect of the carbothermic reduction to prepare an activated carbon textile for high-rate-performance supercapacitors. On the basis of thermodynamic reducibility of metal oxides reported by Ellingham, we employed not carbon, but metal oxide as a sacrificial agent in order to prepare an activated carbon textile. We conformally coated ZnO on a bare cotton textile using atomic layer deposition, followed by pyrolysis at high temperature (C(s) + ZnO(s) → C'(s) + Zn(g) + CO(g)). We figured out that it leads to concurrent carbonization and activation in a chemical as well as mechanical way. Particularly, the combined effects of mechanical buckling and fracture that occurred between ZnO and cotton turned out to play an important role in carbonizing and activating the cotton textile, thereby significantly increasing surface area (nearly 10 times) compared with the cotton textile prepared without ZnO. The carbon textiles prepared by carbothermic reduction showed impressive combination properties of high power and energy densities (over 20-fold increase) together with high cyclic stability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea.|Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Do Van
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5067-1783
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.affiliation: Center for Inorganic Analysis, Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) , 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungmin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea.|Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea.|Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea.|Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hak-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanomechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34103, South Korea.|Nano Mechatronics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Mo
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: ALD; atomic layer deposition; carbothermic reduction; energy storage; mechanical buckling; opening mode fracture; supercapacitor