title: The Ciliary Margin Zone of the Mammalian Retina Generates Retinal Ganglion Cells.
abstract: The retina of lower vertebrates grows continuously by integrating new neurons generated from progenitors in the ciliary margin zone (CMZ). Whether the mammalian CMZ provides the neural retina with retinal cells is controversial. Live imaging of embryonic retina expressing eGFP in the CMZ shows that cells migrate laterally from the CMZ to the neural retina where differentiated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) reside. Because Cyclin D2, a cell-cycle regulator, is enriched in ventral CMZ, we analyzed Cyclin D2-/-mice to test whether the CMZ is a source of retinal cells. Neurogenesis is diminished in Cyclin D2 mutants, leading to a reduction of RGCs in the ventral retina. In line with these findings, in the albino retina, the decreased production of ipsilateral RGCs is correlated with fewer Cyclin D2+cells. Together, these results implicate the mammalian CMZ as a neurogenic site that produces RGCs and whose proper generation depends on Cyclin D2 activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Florencia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández), 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murcia-Belmonte
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández), 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
authors.forename: Yaiza
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Coca
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández), 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferreiro-Galve
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Sania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: M Elizabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. Electronic address: cam4@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Miguel Hernández), 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. Electronic address: e.herrera@umh.es.
authors.forename: Eloisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D002923:Cilia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056742:Cyclin D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D012160:Retina / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D056742:Cyclin D2
keywords: Cyclin D2; binocular vision; ciliary margin zone; contralateral RGCs; ipsilateral RGCs; neurogenesis; retina; retinal progenitors