title: Safety and Tolerability of SonoVue® in Patients with Large Artery Anterior Circulation Acute Stroke.
abstract: Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are routinely used to improve the visualization of intracranial arteries. Since a higher rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has been observed in patients undergoing sonothrombolysis in combination with UCAs, we conducted this study with the aim of assessing safety and tolerability of SonoVue® in patients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large artery occlusion (LAO) and eligible to intravenous thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy.
  
  
  
  Among 474 patients consecutively admitted to our Stroke Unit with anterior circulation ischemic stroke, SonoVue® was administered during transcranial ultrasound evaluation to 48 patients with suspected LAO for diagnostic confirmation (group I) and to 44 patients with inadequate temporal bone window. Forty-eight stroke patients with LAO diagnosed only by computed tomography (CT) angiography /magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and matched for age, gender, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score with group I represented the control group (group II). Thrombolysis, thrombectomy, or combined treatment were offered to all eligible patients. Brain MR imaging/CT was performed in both groups in case of neurological deterioration or after 1 week to check for ICH.
  
  
  
  SonoVue® did not cause any serious adverse event; only mild and transient side effects were reported in six cases (6.5%). Among patients in groups I and II, there were 31 (32.3%) secondary cerebral bleedings with no statistically significant difference between the groups, but only 2 (2.1%) were symptomatic.
  
  
  
  According to our study, SonoVue® can be safely administered to acute ischemic stroke patients with suspected anterior circulation LAO and/or inadequate temporal bone window.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baracchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viaro
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Favaretto
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kulyk
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Causin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Vascular Study Group of the Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua-Italy.
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ballotta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D010743:Phospholipids; C420843:contrast agent BR1; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride
keywords: Ultrasound contrast agents; acute ischemic stroke; large artery occlusion; thrombectomy; thrombolysis