title: Sanggenol F exerts anti-diabetic effects via promoting adipocyte differentiation and modifying adipokines expression.
abstract: Adipose tissue is not only a lipid storage site, but also a well-known endocrine organ. Dysfunction of adipose tissue is associated with irregular lipid metabolism, ectopic lipid accumulation and insulin resistance. It is proposed that modulating on adipose tissue is a reasonable way to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolism. (±)-sanggenol F (SGF, purity >98.5%) was synthesized as a racemic mixture of natural (+)-sanggenol F. In this study, SGF was found to promote adipocyte differentiation, enhance insulin sensitivity, and upregulate beneficial adipokines expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, in vivo study showed that treatment with SGF for 4 weeks improved glucose metabolism, by decreasing fasting blood glucose and enhancing insulin sensitivity. It also improved lipid metabolism, with reduced serum lipid level and ameliorated hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. During the process of target finding, we found that SGF had multiple activities of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonism. These results showed the potential of SGF as a candidate for the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jing-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jun-Shang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhang Heng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. ajhou@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ai-Jun
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. hywang@simm.ac.cn.
authors.forename: He-Yao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-4486
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D054392:Adipokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D044950:Flavanones; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014280:Triglycerides; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
keywords: Adipogenesis; Adipokine; PPARγ; PTP1B; Sanggenol F; Type 2 diabetes