title: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Is Dispensable for The Immunomodulatory Function of Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we sought to better understand the immunoregulatory function of stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). We studied the role of the interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-axis in immunoregulation of SHED compared to bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) under the same conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, recently isolated human T cells were stimulated either by mitogen or inactivated allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). These T cells were subsequently co-cultured with, either SHED or BMMSCs in the presence or absence of 1-methyl-tryptophan (1-MT) or neutralizing anti- human-IFN-γ antibodies. In all co-cultures we evaluated lymphocyte activation as well as IDO activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SHED, similar to conventional BMMSCs, had anti-proliferative effects on stimulated T cells and reduced their cytokine production. This property of SHED and BMMSCs was changed by IFN-γ neutralization. We detected IDO in the immunosuppressive supernatant of all co-cultures. Removal of IDO decreased the immunosuppression of BMMSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SHED, like BMMSCs, produced the IDO enzyme. Although IFN-γ is one of inducer of IDO production in SHED, these cells were not affected by IFN-γ in the same manner as BMMSCs. Unlike BMMSCs, the IDO enzyme did not contribute to their immunosuppression and might have other cell-type specific roles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Razieh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alipour
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, Iran.
authors.forename: Masoumeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masoumi Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Batool
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hashemi-Beni
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adib
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sereshki
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzaneh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
keywords: IDO; IFN-γ; Immunomodulation; Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells; SHED