title: Prostatic urethra malformation associated with retrograde ejaculation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retrograde ejaculation can have anatomical, neurogenic, or pharmacological causes. Among these factors, malformation of the prostatic urethra is an uncommon cause.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a 29-year-old Han Chinese man with absence of his verumontanum combined with ejaculatory duct cysts, and no other cause for ejaculatory dysfunction. His verumontanum was replaced by a deep groove adjacent to his bladder neck, which could significantly influence bladder neck contraction. In addition, the large cysts in the ejaculatory duct could obstruct the anterior outlet of his prostatic urethra and prevent seminal fluid flow in an anterograde direction. There are few reports of retrograde ejaculation associated with congenital malformations of the posterior urethra. Malformations associated with bladder neck laxity and increased tone of the prostatic urethral outlet can contribute to retrograde ejaculation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malformation of the prostatic urethra is an uncommon cause of retrograde ejaculation, and can be difficult to treat.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Aiming
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. zengjunwang@njmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zengjun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D035583:Rare Diseases; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Azoospermia; Congenital abnormalities; Ejaculatory duct; Urethra