title: Effects of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis HN019 (DR10TM), inulin, and micronutrient fortified milk on faecal DR10TM, immune markers, and maternal micronutrients among Indonesian pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Maternal nutrition affects fetal growth and development. This study evaluates the effects of milk powder fortified with micronutrients, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a prebiotic, and probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 DR10TM on the micronutrient status, as well as the presence of faecal probiotic and immune markers in pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  This randomised, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at Budi Kemuliaan and Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta from 2013 to 2014. A total of 104 participants were randomly allocated to receive either completely enriched milk powder (intervention group) or iron- and vitamin folic-acid-enriched milk powder (control group). Data were collected using standardised measures and were statistically analysed using the independent t or Mann-Whitney test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the baseline, the micronutrient status of the participants was acceptable, except for 25-OH-vitamin D, in both the intervention and control groups. Vitamin B-1, zinc, total free fatty acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and DHA were significantly higher in the intervention group in the second trimester (p=0.014, 0.028, 0.023, 0.014, 0.001, and 0.032, respectively). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels did not significantly vary during pregnancy. B. animalis subsp. lactis DR10TM was present in the faeces of the intervention group but not the control group (61.1% vs 0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Milk fortified with a prebiotic, probiotic, DHA and micronutrients increases the faecal concentration of the organism used for fortification in Indonesian pregnant women. This may represent an improvement in intra-partum maternal gut health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Indonesia.
authors.forename: Noroyono
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wibowo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: tati.bardo@yahoo.com; fret,in_51@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Saptawati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bardosono
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology Medical Faculty Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Irwinda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000069982:Bifidobacterium animalis / Q000145:classification*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D007444:Inulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D056692:Prebiotics; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018977:Micronutrients; D056692:Prebiotics; D007444:Inulin