title: Endometrial Volume Measured by VOCAL Compared to Office Hysteroscopy for Diagnosis of Endometrial Polyps in Premenopausal Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding.
abstract: The aim is to compare hysteroscopy, two-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (2D TVUS), and three-dimensional (3D) Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis™ (VOCAL) to detect endometrial polyps (EPs) in premenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). This prospective study was done at Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Egypt, from March 5, 2015, to December 30, 2015, enrolling 118 premenopausal women with AUB. 2D TVUS, 3D VOCAL, and hysteroscopy were done. 109 patients reached final analysis. 36 women (33%) were diagnosed with EP by 2D TVUS. 50 (45.9%) had EP by hysteroscopy. Endometrial thickness was 10.1 mm by 2D TVUS and endometrial volume was 4.92 mL by VOCAL in women with EP by hysteroscopy compared to 9.9 mm and 3.50 mL in women with no EP, respectively (P= 0.223;P= 0.06). 2D TVUS has sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 54%, 84.7%, 75%, and 68.5%, respectively. Endometrial thickness of >7.5 mm has sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of 82%, 37.3%, 52.6%, 71%, and 57.8%, respectively. Endometrial volume of >1.2 mL has sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and overall accuracy of 90%, 42.4%, 57%, 83.3%, and 64.2%, respectively. 3D VOCAL may be used as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of EP in premenopausal women with AUB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laban
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif H
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7652-8619
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Alaa S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3979-8825
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hassanin
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Waleed M
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8422-261X
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.affiliation: Fetal Special Care Unit, Ain Shams Maternity Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1115-8204
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Etman
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed S E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9824-3638
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Elsafty
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1632-9786
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bahaa Eldin
authors.affiliation: Murwillumbah Hospital, Murwillumbah, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ahmad S
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7256-7052
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hasanien
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6354-3190
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sakna
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3732-1946
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taema
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohammed H
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5682-766X
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Mostafa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Marwa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eisa