title: Serum uric acid and its association with hypertension, early nephropathy and chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early detection diabetic nephropathy (DN) is important. Whether serum uric acid (SUA) has a role in the development of DN is not known.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between SUA and hypertension, early nephropathy and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  The total number of the study was 986 participants, according to presence and duration of diabetes were classified into three groups. Group I; including 250 healthy participants. Group II; including 352 with onset of diabetes < 5 years. Group III; including 384, with the onset of diabetes > 5 years. All participants were submitted to complete clinical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory investigations, including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), as well triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein ratios (TG/HDL-C), SUA, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SUA, BP, HbA1c, TG/HDL-C ratio, and ACR levels were significantly higher in group III than group I, II and in II than I. eGFR significantly lower in group III than group I, II and in II than I (p < 0.001). Age, BMI, BP, HbA1c, TG/HDL-C, ACR, were positively correlated with SUA, while GFR negatively correlated. SUA at level of > 6.1 mg/dl, > 6.2 mg/dl and > 6.5 mg/dl had a greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying hypertension, early nephropathy and decline eGFR respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even high normal SUA level, was associated with the risk of hypertension, early nephropathy and decline of eGFR. Moreover SUA level may identify the onset of hypertension, early nephropathy and progression of CKD in T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nepherology, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fouad
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fathy
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Pathology, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zidan
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid