title: Selecting the best AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation as a function of water characteristics: Effects of pH, chemical nature of additives and pollutant concentration.
abstract: To provide new insights toward the selection of the most suitable AOP for isoxazolyl penicillins elimination, the degradation of dicloxacillin, a isoxazolyl penicillin model, was studied using different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs): ultrasound (US), photo-Fenton (UV/H2O2/Fe2+) and TiO2photocatalysis (UV/TiO2). Although all processes achieved total removal of the antibiotic and antimicrobial activity, and increased the biodegradability level of the solutions, significant differences concerning the mineralization extend, the pH of the solution, the pollutant concentration and the chemical nature of additives were found. UV/TiO2reached almost complete mineralization; while ∼10% mineralization was obtained for UV/H2O2/Fe2+and practically zero for US. Effect of initial pH, mineral natural water and the presence of organic (glucose, 2-propanol and oxalic acid) were then investigated. UV/H2O2/Fe2+and US processes were improved in acidic media, while natural pH favored UV/TiO2system. According to both the nature of the added organic compound and the process, inhibition, no effect or enhancement of the degradation rate was observed. The degradation in natural mineral water showed contrasting results according to the antibiotic concentration: US process was enhanced at low concentration of dicloxacillin followed by detrimental effects at high substrate concentrations. A contrary effect was observed during photo-Fenton, while UV/TiO2was inhibited in all of cases. Finally, a schema illustrating the enhancement or inhibiting effects of water matrix is proposed as a tool for selecting the best process for isoxazolyl penicillins degradation.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Villegas-Guzman
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Silva-Agredo
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Diseño y Formulación de Medicamentos, Cosméticos y Afines (DYFOMECO), Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No.52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Diseño y Formulación de Medicamentos, Cosméticos y Afines (DYFOMECO), Facultad de Química Farmacéutica, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No.52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Giraldo-Aguirre
authors.affiliation: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-GPAO, Station 6, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pulgarin
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Investigación en Remediación Ambiental y Biocatálisis (GIRAB), Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquía UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia. Electronic address: ricardo.torres@udea.edu.co.
authors.forename: Ricardo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Torres-Palma
mesh_terms: D019840:2-Propanol / Q000737:chemistry; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000737:chemistry; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002384:Catalysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010406:Penicillins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry; D014465:Ultrasonics / Q000379:methods; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019840:2-Propanol; D001639:Bicarbonates; D005947:Glucose; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D010406:Penicillins; D014025:Titanium; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C045076:Fenton's reagent; C009495:titanium dioxide
keywords: Advanced oxidation process; Antimicrobial activity; Biodegradability; Mineralization; Water matrix