title: Priming Hand Motor Training with Repetitive Stimulation of the Fingertips; Performance Gain and Functional Imaging of Training Effects.
abstract: Application of repetitive electrical stimulation (rES) of the fingers has been shown to improve tactile perception and sensorimotor performance in healthy individuals.
  
  
  
  To increase motor performance by priming the effects of active motor training (arm ability training; AAT) using rES.
  
  
  
  We compared the performance gain for the training increase of the averaged AAT tasks of both hands in two groups of strongly right-handed healthy volunteers. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) before and after AAT was assessed using three tasks for each hand separately: finger sequence tapping, visually guided grip force modulation, and writing. Performance during fMRI was controlled for preciseness and frequency. A total of 30 participants underwent a two-week unilateral left hand AAT, 15 participants with 20 minutes of rES priming of all fingertips of the trained hand, and 15 participants without rES priming.
  
  
  
  rES-primed AAT improved the trained left-hand performance across all training tasks on average by 32.9%, non-primed AAT improved by 29.5%. This gain in AAT performance with rES priming was predominantly driven by an increased finger tapping velocity. Functional imaging showed comparable changes for both training groups over time. Across all participants, improved AAT performance was associated with a higher contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) fMRI activation magnitude during the grip force modulation task.
  
  
  
  This study highlights the importance of S1 for hand motor training gain. In addition, it suggests the usage of rES of the fingertips for priming active hand motor training.
authors.affiliation: Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald, Germany. Electronic address: martin.lotze@uni-greifswald.de.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.affiliation: Functional Imaging Unit, Center for Diagnostic Radiology, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Aija Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ladda
authors.affiliation: BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Neurorehabilitation centre and Spinal Cord Injury Unit, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roschka
authors.affiliation: BDH-Klinik Greifswald, Neurorehabilitation centre and Spinal Cord Injury Unit, University of Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Platz
authors.affiliation: Neural Plasticity Lab, Institute for Neuroinformatics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany; Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Hubert R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Dinse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Arm ability training; Motor training; Stimulation; Tactile priming; fMRI