title: Polymer-coated nanoparticles: Carrier platforms for hydrophobic water- and air-sensitive metallo-organic compounds.
abstract: Many of the relevant compounds for anticancer therapy are metal-based compounds (metallodrugs), being platinum-based drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin (Paraplatin®), and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin®) the most widely used. Despite this, their application is limited by issues such as cell-acquired platinum resistance and manifold side effects following systemic delivery. Thus, the development of new metal-based compounds is highly needed. The catalytic properties of a variety of metal-based compounds are nowadays very well known, which opens new opportunities to take advantage of them inside living cells or organisms. However, many of these compounds are hydrophobic and thus not soluble in aqueous solution, as they lack stability against water or oxygen presence. Thus, versatile platforms capable of enhancing the features of these compounds in aqueous solutions are of importance in the development of new drugs. Surface engineered nanoparticles may render metallodrugs with good colloidal stability in water and in complex media containing high salt concentration and/or proteins. Herein, polymer coated nanoparticles are proposed as a platform to link insoluble and water/oxygen sensitive drugs. The linkage of insoluble and oxygen sensitive tin clusters to nanoparticles is presented, aiming to enhance both, the solubility and the stability of these compounds in water, which may be an alternative approach in the development of metal-based drugs. The formation of the cluster-nanoparticle system was confirmed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry experiments. The catalytic activity and the stability of the cluster in water were studied through the reduction of methylene blue. Results demonstrate that in fact the tin clusters could be transferred into aqueous solution and retained their catalytic activity.
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valdeperez
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany; School of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Tianqiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Eußner
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bastian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.affiliation: School of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
authors.forename: Jianyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany; CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Spain.
authors.forename: Wolfgang J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Parak
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein Straße, 35043 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: dehnen@chemie.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dehnen
authors.affiliation: Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35037 Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: beatriz.pelazgarcia@physik.uni-marburg.de.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pelaz
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Catalytic activity; Clusters; Drug carriers; Metallodrugs; Nanoparticles