title: Restricted Feeding Schedules Modulate in a Different Manner the Expression of Clock Genes in Rat Hypothalamic Nuclei.
abstract: Food access restriction is associated to changes in gene expression of the circadian clock system. However, there are only a few studies investigating the effects of non-photic synchronizers, such as food entrainment, on the expression of clock genes in the central oscillators. We hypothesized that different feeding restriction patterns could modulate the expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) "master" clock and in extra-SCN oscillators such as the paraventricular (PVN) and arcuate (ARC) hypothalamic nuclei.Wistarrats were divided into four groups: Control group (CG; food availablead libitum), Restricted night-fed (RF-n; food access during 2 h at night), Restricted day-fed (RF-d; food access during 2 h at daytime), Day-fed (DF; food access during 12 h at daytime). After 21 days, rats were decapitated between ZT2-ZT3 (0800-0900 h); ZT11-ZT12 (1700-1800 h), or ZT17-18 (2300-2400 h). Plasma corticosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The expression ofClock, Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Rev-erbα, andRorα were assessed in SCN, PVN, and ARC hypothalamic nuclei by RT-PCR and calculated by the 2[-DeltaDeltaCT(Cyclethreshold)](2-ΔΔCT) method. Restricted food availability during few h led to decreased body weight in RF-n and RF-d groups compared to controls and DF group. We also observed an anticipatory corticosterone peak before food availability in RF-n and RF-d groups. Furthermore, the pattern of clock gene expression in response to RF-n, RF-d, and DF schedules was affected differently in the SCN, PVN, and ARC hypothalamic nuclei. In conclusion, the master oscillator in SCN as well as the oscillator in PVN and ARC, all brain areas involved in food intake, responds in a tissue-specific manner to feeding restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: De Araujo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Silvia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics of the Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bueno
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Coeli-Lacchini
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clarissa S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ernane T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Uchoa
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Antunes-Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucila L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paula C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ayrton C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Castro
keywords: circadian oscillators; clock gene expression; corticosterone; food restriction; hypothalamic nuclei