title: Fetal origins of autism spectrum disorders: the non-associated maternal factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several population-based studies have been conducted to determine whether maternal exposures are involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We review these studies and describe the factors not associated with increased risk for ASD development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified studies describing associations between maternal exposures and ASD development. These studies include the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment, Nurses' Health Study II, and the Swedish population registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors not associated with ASD development include Type 2 and gestational diabetes, chronic hypertension, fever treated with antipyretic medication, autoimmune disease and short interpregnancy intervals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is increasing evidence that maternal exposures are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD in the developing fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Hind N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srikrishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Neurobiology & Anatomy, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Pramod
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dash
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology at The McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Baha M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Sibai
keywords: autism spectrum disorder; fetal origins; nonassociated maternal factors; population studies