title: Occupational HIV Infection in a Research Laboratory With Unknown Mode of Transmission: A Case Report.
abstract: A laboratory worker was infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in a biosafety level 2 containment facility, without any apparent breach. Through full-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses, we could identify the source of infection in a replication-competent clone that unknowingly contaminated a safe experiment. Mode of transmission remains unclear. Caution is warranted when handling HIV-derived constructs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alteri
authors.affiliation: Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarlatti
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertoli
authors.affiliation: Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tolazzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balestra
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Concetta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bellocchi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Continenza
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carioti
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biasin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco," University of Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trabattoni
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandera
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ceccherini-Silberstein
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo Federico
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Perno
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gori
mesh_terms: D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012367:RNA, Viral; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D015483:HIV Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: HIV transmission.; HIV-1; laboratory safety; occupational exposure