title: Activity of Selected Formulated Biorational and Synthetic Insecticides Against Larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
abstract: This work studied 17 insecticides belonging to nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt kurstaki and Bt aizawai), benzoylureas (insect growth regulators [IGRs]), carbamates, organophosphates, spinosyns, and diamides against larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), invasive species in the South American continent. Larvae of different instars were fed for 7 d with untreated or insecticide-treated diets. Mortality was recorded daily for 7 d, and surviving larvae were individually weighed on the seventh day. The NPV and Bt insecticides caused 100% mortality of first-instar larvae and first-instar and second-instar larvae, respectively. However, both NPV and Bt-based products caused low mortality of third-instar larvae and did not kill older larvae. The IGR lufenuron was highly effective against all three ages of larvae tested, whereas teflubenzuron and triflumuron produced maximum 60% mortality of second-instar larvae and lower than 50% to older larvae. Thiodicarb, chlorantraniliprole, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenapyr, irrespective of tested age, caused 100% mortality of larvae, with the last two insecticides reaching 100% mortality within 2 d of feeding on the treated diet. Flubendiamide caused lower mortality but significantly affected the weight of surviving larvae, whereas neither spinosad nor methomyl produced significant mortality or affected the weight of larvae. Based on the results, the age of H. armigera larvae plays an important role in the recommendation of NPV and Bt insecticides. Furthermore, there are potential options between biological and synthetic insecticides tested against H. armigera, and recording larval size during monitoring, in addition to the infestation level, should be considered when recommending biological-based insecticides to control this pest.
authors.affiliation: Fundação MT, Av. Antônio Teixeira dos Santos, Parque Universitário, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vivan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomia - Entomologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, Brazil.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Fundação MT, Av. Antônio Teixeira dos Santos, Parque Universitário, Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: P L S
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000502:physiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones
keywords: Old World bollworm; biological control; chemical control; insecticide screening; invasive species