title: Mucin 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 as novel salivary biomarkers for periodontitis.
abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by irreversible destruction of tooth-supporting tissue including alveolar bone. We recently reported mucin 4 (MUC4) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as highly associated with periodontitis in gingival tissue biopsies. The aim of this study was to further investigate the levels of MUC4 and MMP7 in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of patients with periodontitis.
  
  
  
  Saliva and GCF samples were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy controls. The levels of MUC4, MMP7, and total protein concentrations were analysed using ELISA or Bradford assay.
  
  
  
  MUC4 levels were significantly lower in saliva and GCF from periodontitis patients relative to healthy controls. MMP7 levels were significantly higher in saliva and GCF from periodontitis patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that MUC4 was significantly associated with periodontitis after adjusting for age and smoking habits and, moreover, that the combination of MUC4 and MMP7 accurately discriminated periodontitis from healthy controls.
  
  
  
  MUC4 and MMP7 may be utilized as possible novel biomarkers for periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3655-3710
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundmark
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Johannsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kaja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kats
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nilminie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rathnayake
authors.affiliation: Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sigvard
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Åkerman
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.|Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klinge
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.|Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Periodontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Tülay
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yucel-Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055264:Mucin-4 / Q000032:analysis*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C524658:MUC4 protein, human; D055264:Mucin-4; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7
keywords: gingival crevicular fluid; matrix metalloproteinase 7; mucin 4; periodontitis; saliva