title: A comparison between maropitant and metoclopramide for the prevention of morphine-induced nausea and vomiting in dogs.
abstract: Morphine is widely used as a preanesthetic agent in dogs, but it often produces signs of nausea and vomiting. Maropitant (MRP) and metoclopramide (MCP) prevent emesis attributable to the opioid agent apomorphine in dogs. We evaluated the antiemetic efficacy and the discomfort in response to SQ injection of MRP [1 mg/kg body weight (BW)], MCP (0.5 mg/kg BW), and normal saline (SAL; 0.1 mL/kg BW) administered to 63 dogs, 45 minutes prior to morphine (0.5 mg/kg BW) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg BW). Dogs were observed for signs of nausea (ptyalism, lip licking, and increased swallowing) and vomiting for 30 minutes after morphine/acepromazine. The incidence of emesis was 0% for MRP, 38% for MCP, and 71% for SAL (P< 0.001). The incidence of signs of nausea was not different between groups. Discomfort due to injection was higher after MRP (48%), than after MCP (9.8%) and SAL (4.8%) (P< 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: Augusto M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lorenzutti
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín-Flores
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: Nicolás J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Litterio
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: Martín A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Himelfarb
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: Sergio H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Invaldi
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Argentina (Lorenzutti, Litterio, Himelfarb, Invaldi, Zarazaga); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA (Martin-Flores).
authors.forename: María P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zarazaga
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000932:Antiemetics; D011812:Quinuclidines; C518176:maropitant; D009020:Morphine; D008787:Metoclopramide