title: Dimethyl Sulfoxide Attenuates Acute Lung Injury Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation in Rats.
abstract: Inflammation following hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation (HS/RES) induces acute lung injury (ALI). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities. We sought to clarify whether DMSO could attenuate ALI induced by HS/RES. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to receive either a sham operation, sham plus DMSO, HS/RES, or HS/RES plus DMSO, and these were denoted as the Sham, Sham + DMSO, HS/RES, or HS/RES + DMSO group, respectively (n = 12 in each group). HS/RES was achieved by drawing blood to lower mean arterial pressure (40-45 mmHg for 60 min) followed by reinfusion with shed blood/saline mixtures. All rats received an intravenous injection of normal saline or DMSO immediately before resuscitation or at matching points relative to the sham groups. Arterial blood gas and histological assays (including histopathology, neutrophil infiltration, and lung water content) confirmed that HS/RES induced ALI. Significant increases in pulmonary expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) confirmed that HS/RES induced pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. DMSO significantly attenuated the pulmonary inflammation and ALI induced by HS/RES. The mechanisms for this may involve reducing inflammation and oxidative stress through inhibition of pulmonary NF-κB, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan.|Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Cheng
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.affiliation: Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Han-Shui
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. dr_mck@yahoo.com.tw.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. dr_mck@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Ming-Chang
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, 289, Jianguo Rd., Sindian District, New Taipei City, 231, Taiwan. huangcj1112@gmail.com.|School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan. huangcj1112@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C489691:Ptgs2 protein, rat; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide
keywords: COX-2; NF-κB; TNF-α; cytokine; iNOS; inflammation