title: Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines in Replanted Permanent Teeth with External Root Resorption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The progressive forms of inflammatory external root resorption (IERR) and replacement external root resorption (RERR) are serious complications and the main causes of tooth loss after replantation. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of inflammatory molecules in extracted human teeth presenting with external root resorption (ERR) after replantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root fragments from 22 teeth showing IERR and 20 teeth with RERR were triturated using a homogenizer to extract inflammatory molecules. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-1Ra, transforming growth factor beta, IL-8/CXCL8, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5 were measured using double-ligand enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and IL-17A detection was performed using the multiplex Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytometric Bead Array kit (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA). Cytokine and chemokine concentrations were compared in the RERR and IERR groups corrected by patients' age at the moment of extraction, survival time after replantation, and index of ERR, adopting a generalized estimation equation model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IERR group showed higher levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha than the RERR group, even after correction for the index of ERR (P < .05). IL-1Ra levels were higher in the IERR group for moderate cases but higher in the RERR group for severe cases (P < .05). IL-4 concentration became higher with the increase of patients' age in the RERR group but did not vary in the IERR group (P < .05). CCL2 levels decreased with the increase of the patients' age at the moment of extraction irrespective of the type or index of ERR (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results showed differences in the immunologic profile of IERR and RERR that may be relevant to understanding the biological mechanisms underlying ERR.
authors.affiliation: Dental Trauma Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Electronic address: julianavb7@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Juliana Vilela
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tarcilia A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enrico A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Colosimo
authors.affiliation: Dental Trauma Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Dentistry, Pontifical University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Ilma S
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Côrtes
authors.affiliation: Dental Trauma Program, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Augusta B
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eugenio Marcos A
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Goulart
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia-Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walderez O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Dutra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000378:metabolism; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014090:Tooth Replantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; C515429:CCL3 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Avulsion; chemokines; cytokines; inflammatory external root resorption; replacement external root resorption; replantation