title: A nematicidal tannin from Punica granatum L. rind and its physiological effect on pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).
abstract: The ethanol extract of Punica granatum L. rind was tested to show significant nematicidal activity against pine wood nematode. Three nematicidal compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract by bioassay-guided fractionation and identified as punicalagin 1, punicalin 2, and corilagin 3 by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data analysis. Punicalagin 1 was most active against PWN among the purified compounds with the LC50value of 307.08μM in 72h. According to the enzyme assays in vitro, punicalagin 1 could inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase, amylase and cellulase from PWN with IC50value of 0.60mM, 0.96mM and 1.24mM, respectively. The morphological structures of PWNs treated by punicalagin 1 were greatly changed. These physiological effects of punicalagin 1 on PWN may helpful to elucidate its nematicidal mechanism.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: gqunqun@163.com.
authors.forename: Qunqun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: duguicai@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Guicai
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: qiqi6917@sina.com.
authors.forename: Hongtao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: zyn@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: yuetongq@163.com.
authors.forename: Tongqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: wangjc@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jingchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China. Electronic address: lrg@qdu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ronggui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000681:Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D002480:Cellulase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D005960:Glucosides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D029561:Lythraceae; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017187:Tylenchida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D005960:Glucosides; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C049096:corilagin; C115642:punicalagin; C115643:punicalin; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000681:Amylases; D002480:Cellulase
keywords: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus; Nematicidal activity; Physiological effect; Punica granatum L. rind; Punicalagin