title: Whole Milk Increases Intestinal ANGPTL4 Expression and Excretion of Fatty Acids through Feces and Urine.
abstract: The angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPLT4) protein is involved in lipid metabolism and is known to inhibit lipoprotein lipase in the bloodstream. We investigated the effect of milk on intestinal ANGPTL4 and the metabolic profile of growing pigs and the effect of free fatty acids (FFAs) on ANGPTL4 in ex vivo and in vitro assays. Feeding pigs whole milk increased intestinal ANGPTL4 mRNA and increased fecal excretion of long-chain FFA compared to the control group fed soybean oil (n = 9). Furthermore, FFAs (C4-C8) induced ANGPTL4 gene expression in porcine intestinal tissue mounted in Ussing chambers and ANGPTL4 protein secretion to both the apical and basolateral sides of intestinal Caco-2 cells on permeable membranes. Altogether, these results support an ANGPTL4-induced secretion of fecal FFAs. Urinary levels of FFAs (C4-C12), 3-hydroxyadipic acid, and suberic acid were also increased by milk consumption, indicating higher energy expenditure compared to the control group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren Drud
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6990-2200
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bashar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3525-0945
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Karoline
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blaabjerg
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Trine K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Randi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petrat-Melin
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin Krøyer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-2874
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hanne D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and ‡Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University , 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jette F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000494:pharmacology; D034421:Sus scrofa
chemical_list: C474772:ANGPTL4 protein, human; D000075803:Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4; D042682:Angiopoietins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: ANGPTL4; fatty acids; feces; intestine; milk; secretion; uptake; urine