title: Antimycobacterial activity assessment of three ethnobotanical plants against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: An In Vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistances to herbal medicines are still not defined and finding natural remedies against drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has research priority. The antimycobacterial susceptibility method for herbal extracts is unclearly defined and there is no standard method for assessment of the materials against bacteria. In the present study, time kill of three medicinal plants was determined against MTB.
  
  
  METHODS
  The clinical isolate of MTB from a patient who harbored confirmed tuberculosis was used in the study. Aqueous extracts of Aloe vera leaves, mint, and Hypericum perforatum were prepared using reflux distillation. Disk diffusion methods were conducted in Petri dishes and McCartney bottles containing Löwenstein-Jensen medium to measure the sensitivity of plant extracts in serial concentrations of 0.25-8mg/mL. A pour plate method was performed by mixing 0.7mL of each concentration of extract in 5mL Löwenstein-Jensen medium followed by surface culturing of MTB fresh cells. The time kill method was conducted by bacterial suspension in equal amounts of the extract and viable evaluation in fresh culture at the beginning, and at 24-h, 48-h, 72-h, and 1-week intervals. All cultures were incubated at 37°C for 4weeks. Inoculum concentrations were considered as a variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The zones of inhibition of A. vera, H. perforatum, and mint extracts in the disk diffusion method in McCartney bottles were 60mm, 41mm, and zero, respectively, but Petri dishes did not have repeatable results. In the pour plate method, an extract concentration up to 1mg/mL could inhibit cell growth. In mint extract, colony forming was four times more than the others at 0.5mg/mL. Time kill of 95% of cells occurred when exposed to extracts of A. vera and H. perforatum separately, but was 50% in 24 h and 20% in 10 min. The time kill for mint was 95% in 1week.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results give some scientific basis to the use of plant extracts for growth control of MTB cells. Clinical trials are recommended for assessment of the extract as complementary medicine, as well as for antisepsis.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arjomandzadegan
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Ghasem
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Asghar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Farazi
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Manijeh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahbazi
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. Electronic address: dr.sarmadian@arakmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sarmadian
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Mansooreh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jabbari
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramezani
keywords: Aloe vera; Extracts; Hypericum perforatum; Mint; Mycobacterium tuberculosis