title: Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Among Renal Transplant Recipients: Risk Factors and Long-Term Outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary tract infection is the most common type of bacterial infection in kidney transplant procedures, with adverse effects on graft and patient survival. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors of recurrent urinary tract infection in renal transplant recipients and its impact on patient and graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 1019 patients who were transplanted between 2000 and 2010 at Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center in Kuwait, 86% developed at least 1 episode of urinary tract infection, with only 6.2% of patients having recurrent infections. We compared patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (group 1) with those who had no recurrence (group 2) regarding their risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in group 1 were significantly younger than those in group 2 (34.9 ± 23 vs 42.8 ± 16 y; P < .001), with female preponderance (P < .001). The percentage of patients with thymoglobulin induction (21.5%) was significantly higher in group 1. Patients with pretransplant urologic problems experienced significantly more recurrent urinary tract infections (P < .001). Hepatitis C infections were significantly more prevalent among group 1 (10.8% vs 3.8%; P = .008). Long-term graft outcome (functioning and failed) were 78.5% and 21.5% in group 1 versus 85.1% and 13.9% in group 2 (P = .18). Patient outcomes (living and deceased donors) were 98.4% and 1.6% in group 1 versus 95.7% and 4.3% in group 2 (P = .187).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult females, thymoglobulin induction, pretransplant urologic problems, and hepatitis C infection were the risk factors of recurrent urinary tract infection among our renal transplant patients. However, recurrence did not adversely affect graft or patient survival.
authors.affiliation: Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Khaled Abdel
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tawab
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gheith
authors.forename: Torki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Al Otaibi
authors.forename: Naryanam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nampoory
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: Medhat A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdelmonem
authors.forename: Ayman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Sayed
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Awadain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; C512542:thymoglobulin