title: Silibinin ameliorates Aβ25-35-induced memory deficits in rats by modulating autophagy and attenuating neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress.
abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammatory response, oxidative stress and autophagy are involved in amyloid β (Aβ)-induced memory deficits. Silibinin (silybin), a flavonoid derived from the herb milk thistle, is well known for its hepatoprotective activities. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of silibinin on Aβ25-35-injected rats. Results demonstrated that silibinin significantly attenuated Aβ25-35-induced memory deficits in Morris water maze and novel object-recognition tests. Silibinin exerted anxiolytic effect in Aβ25-35-injected rats as determined in elevated plus maze test. Silibinin attenuated the inflammatory responses, increased glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and upregulated autophagy levels in the Aβ25-35-injected rats. In conclusion, silibinin is a potential candidate for AD treatment because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and autophagy regulating activities.
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Lingyu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Pingping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Mingyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix, Toride, Ibaraki, 302-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ushiki-Kaku
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education & Primary Care, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiicho 465, Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onodera
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Research Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China. ikejimat@vip.sina.com.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikejima
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D000975:Antioxidants; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012838:Silymarin; C074636:amyloid beta-protein (25-35); D000077385:Silybin
keywords: Amyloid β; Autophagy; Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress; Silibinin