title: Three-year and five-year outcomes of surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Long-term experiences in one medical center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This study evaluated the 3-year and 5-year surgical outcomes associated with the cancer and determined whether statistically identified factors can be used to predict survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review was conducted from 1995 to 2010. Patients who had resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and received surgical treatment were included. Cases of hospital mortality were excluded. The relationships between several clinicopathological factors and the survival rate were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 223 patients were included in this study. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 21.4% and 10.1%, respectively, and the median survival was 16.1 months. Tumor size, N status, and resection margins were independent predictive factors for 3-year survival. Tumor size independently predicted 5-year survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor size is the most important independent prognostic factor for 3-year and 5-year survival. Lymph node status and the resection margins also independently affected the 3-year survival. These patient outcomes might be improved by early diagnosis and radical resection. Future studies should focus on the tumor biology of this aggressive cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jun-Te
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Being-Chuan
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Pao
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ta-Sen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan. Electronic address: hwangtl@cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Tsann-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013624:Taiwan; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: outcomes; pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma; prognostic factors; surgical resection