title: Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Ear Framework Reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repair of total human ear loss or congenital lack of ears is one of the challenging issues in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was 3D reconstruction of the human ear with cadaveric ear cartilages seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used cadaveric ear cartilages with preserved perichondrium. The samples were divided into 2 groups: group A (cartilage alone) and group B (cartilage seeded with a mixture of fibrin powder and mesenchymal stem cell [1,000,000 cells/cm] used and implanted in back of 10 athymic rats). After 12 weeks, the cartilages were removed and shape, size, weight, flexibility, and chondrocyte viability were evaluated. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group A, size and weight of cartilages clearly reduced (P < 0.05) and then shape and flexibility (torsion of cartilages in clockwise and counterclockwise directions) were evaluated, which were found to be significantly reduced (P > 0.05). After staining with hematoxylin and eosin and performing microscopic examination, very few live chondrocytes were found in group A. In group B, size and weight of samples were not changed (P < 0.05); the shape and flexibility of samples were well maintained (P < 0.05) and on performing microscopic examination of cartilage samples, many live chondrocytes were found in cartilage (15-20 chondrocytes in each microscopic field).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In samples with human stem cell, all variables (size, shape, weight, and flexibility) were significantly maintained and abundant live chondrocytes were found on performing microscopic examination. This method may be used for reconstruction of full defect of auricles in humans.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine†Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Seyed-Abolhassan
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.forename: Mohammad-Kazem
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Olad-Gubad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002102:Cadaver; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000145:classification*; D054644:Ear Auricle / Q000601:surgery*; D004425:Ear Cartilage / Q000601:surgery; D004426:Ear Deformities, Acquired / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D051381:Rats; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult