title: Contract theories and partnership in health care. A philosophical inquiry to the philosophy of John Rawls and Seyla Benhabib.
abstract: Over the last 20 years, a paternalistic view in health care has been losing ground. The question about less asymmetrical positions in the healthcare professional-patient relationship is, for example, being addressed by the increased emphasis on person-centred care, promoted in disciplines such as medicine and nursing. Partnership is considered as a key component in person-centred care. Although the previous studies have addressed the attributes inherent in partnership, there is still potential for further discussion on how the various interpretations of partnership influence their use in healthcare literature. A vague understanding might also affect education and evaluation. As we see it, the philosophical underpinnings of the idea of partnership have not been sufficiently explored and discussed. The study reveals that partnership originates in the term "partener" defined as a relationship between individuals or groups characterized by cooperation and responsibility. Etymologically speaking, partnership is hence bound by a contract, which in this study is discussed in the frame of Rawls' contract theory, which in turn intersects with Benhabib and her distinction between "the abstract" and "the concrete Other." Further, the expression "equal partnership," which often appears in the context of person-centredness, is explored in relation to the philosophies of Rawls and Benhabib. The opportunity for partnership, as well as the risk of partnership becoming a tempting magnet with a vague and imprecise meaning, is discussed. Without exploration, reflection and discussion of the philosophical underpinnings, partnership carries a substantial risk of becoming an indistinct idea used in health care.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Centre for Equity in Healthcare/Institute for Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Määttä
authors.affiliation: Senior professor, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Oncology Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lützén
authors.affiliation: University College of Southeast Norway, Health and social work, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Stina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Öresland
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004993:Ethics, Nursing; D005191:Family Characteristics; D006806:Human Rights / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D010684:Philosophy
keywords: care; ethics of care; philosophy of nursing; qualitative research