title: Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Peripheral Blood from Neonate Rats Exposed by Breastfeeding to Cyclophosphamide, Colchicine, or Cytosine-Arabinoside.
abstract: Genotoxic exposure to chemical substances is common, and nursing mothers could transmit harmful substances or their metabolites to their offspring through breast milk. We explored the possibility of determining genotoxic effects in the erythrocytes of breastfeeding rat pups whose mothers received a genotoxic compound while nursing. Ten groups of female rats and five pups per dam were studied. The control group received sterile water, and the experimental groups received one of three different doses of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, or cytosine-arabinoside. Blood smears were prepared from samples taken from each dam and pup every 24 h for six days. There were increased numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in the samples from pups in the experimental groups (P< 0.02) and increased MNPCE frequencies in the samples from the dams (P< 0.05). These results demonstrate the vertical transmission of the genotoxic effect of the compounds tested. In conclusion, assessing MNEs in breastfeeding neonate rats to assess DNA damage may be a useful approach for identifying genotoxic compounds and/or cytotoxic effects. This strategy could help in screening for therapeutic approaches that are genotoxic during the lactation stage and these assessments might also be helpful for developing preventive strategies to counteract harmful effects.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Belinda C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2774-6390
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gómez-Meda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bañales-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Departamento de Clínicas Odontológicas Integrales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2756-4792
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zamora-Perez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neonatología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: María de Lourdes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lemus-Varela
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, COL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Xóchitl
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Trujillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: María G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Parada
authors.affiliation: División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico; Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Blanca M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2233-571X
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Torres-Mendoza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biología Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Génica, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Armendáriz-Borunda
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, JAL, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guillermo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zúñiga-González
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003078:Colchicine / Q000633:toxicity; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000633:toxicity; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000633:toxicity; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033261:Maternal-Fetal Relations / Q000187:drug effects*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D003561:Cytarabine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003078:Colchicine