title: Adsorption behavior of levulinic acid onto microporous hyper-cross-linked polymers in aqueous solution: Equilibrium, thermodynamic, kinetic simulation and fixed-bed column studies.
abstract: The recovery of levulinic acid (LA) from aqueous solution and actual biomass hydrolysate by a microporous hyper-cross-linked polymer, SY-01, was investigated for the first time under batch and fixed-bed column conditions. The results showed that the optimum pH should be in the acidic range (pH < 3.0) without adjusting the pH. In the single-component system equilibrium study, the Langmuir isotherm model fits the LA adsorption onto SY-01 resin better than the Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that LA adsorption onto SY-01 resin under the concentration range studied is a monolayer homogeneous adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of LA onto SY-01 resin decreased with increasing temperature, ranging from 103.74 to 95.70 mg/g. The obtained thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of LA on SY-01 was spontaneous (ΔG0<-3.788 kJ/mol), and exothermic (ΔH0= -11.764 kJ/mol). For kinetic study, the adsorption of LA onto SY-01 resin at various operating conditions follows the pore diffusion model and the intraparticle diffusion is the rate-limiting step for the adsorption of LA onto SY-01 resin. The effective pore diffusivity was dependent upon temperature, but independent of initial LA concentration, and were 3.306 × 10-10, 5.274 × 10-10and 7.707 × 10-10m2/s at 298, 318 and 338 K, respectively. In desorption process, the recovery efficiency of LA from SY-01 resin was 99.39%, and LA concentration in the eluent was raised 2.97-fold. In conclusion, our results show that the SY-01 resin has potential application in product recovery of LA from biomass hydrolysate.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qianlin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Gaoxiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuefang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: cxd_cxd@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Xinde
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D018533:Biomass; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004058:Diffusion; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007982:Levulinic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007982:Levulinic Acids; D011108:Polymers; C032246:levulinic acid
keywords: Adsorption; Fixed-bed column; Isotherm; Kinetics simulation; Levulinic acid