title: Modularized compact positron emission tomography detector for rapid system development.
abstract: We report the development of a modularized compact positron emission tomography (PET) detector that outputs serial streams of digital samples of PET event pulses via an Ethernet interface using the UDP/IP protocol to enable rapid configuration of a PET system by connecting multiple such detectors via a network switch to a computer. Presently, the detector is [Formula: see text] in extent (excluding I/O connectors) and contains an [Formula: see text] array of [Formula: see text] one-to-one coupled lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate/silicon photomultiplier pixels. It employs cross-wire and stripline readouts to merge the outputs of the 216 detector pixels to 24 channels. Signals at these channels are sampled using a built-in 24-ch, 4-level field programmable gate arrays-only multivoltage threshold digitizer. In the computer, software programs are implemented to analyze the digital samples to extract event information and to perform energy qualification and coincidence filtering. We have developed two such detectors. We show that all their pixels can be accurately discriminated and measure a crystal-level energy resolution of 14.4% to 19.4% and a detector-level coincidence time resolution of 1.67 ns FWHM. Preliminary imaging results suggests that a PET system based on the detectors can achieve an image resolution of [Formula: see text].
authors.affiliation: Raycan Technology Co., Ltd. , Building 17, 8 Jinfeng Road, SND, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
authors.forename: Daoming
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Raycan Technology Co., Ltd., Building 17, 8 Jinfeng Road, SND, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Raycan Technology Co., Ltd. , Building 17, 8 Jinfeng Road, SND, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Yanzhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Raycan Technology Co., Ltd., Building 17, 8 Jinfeng Road, SND, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Yuexuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.affiliation: Raycan Technology Co., Ltd., Building 17, 8 Jinfeng Road, SND, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Xiongze
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago , Department of Radiology, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC-2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
authors.forename: Heejong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago , Department of Radiology, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC-2026, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.
authors.forename: Chien-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China; Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.
authors.forename: Qingguo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
keywords: PET detector; cross-wire; multivoltage threshold; rapid system development; silicon photomultiplier; stripline