title: Decontamination treatments to eliminate problem biota from macroalgal tank cultures ofOsmundea pinnatifida,Palmaria palmataandUlva lactuca.
abstract: The effect of a range of chemical disinfectants at different concentration and exposure times was investigated on five macroalgal species and the marine gastropodLittorinaspp.Palmaria palmata,Osmundea pinnatifidaandUlva lactucaare commercially valuable and are often cultivated in tanks for food or feed.Ectocarpus siliculosusandUlva intestinalisare common epiphytes ofP. palmataandO. pinnatifidacultures, whilstLittorinaspp. are common herbivorous epibionts withinU. lactucaculture tanks. These contaminants reduce the productivity and quality of the culture as a food. Differential tolerance to the treatments was seen between the algal species using pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) chlorophyllafluorescence, a few hours and a week following treatment. We identified treatments that selectively damaged the epiphyte but not the basiphyte species.Ectocarpus siliculosushad a significantly lower tolerance to 1 % sodium hypochlorite thanP. palmata, and to 25 % methanol thanO. pinnatifida, with a 1-5 min exposure appearing most suitable.Ulva intestinalishad a significantly lower tolerance thanP. palmataandO. pinnatifidato many disinfectants: 0.1-1 % sodium hypochlorite for 10 min, 0.5 % potassium iodide for up to 10 min, and 0.25 % Kick-start (a commercial aquaculture disinfectant solution) for 1-5 min. No treatment was able to kill the gastropod snails without also damagingU. lactuca, although agitation in freshwater for an hr may cause them to detach from the basiphyte, with little to no photophysiological impact seen toU. lactuca. This experiment forms the basis for more extended commercial trials.
authors.affiliation: SAMS, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Argyll PA37 1QA UK.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Kerrison
authors.affiliation: Nha Trang Institute of Technology and Application (NITRA), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 2 Hung Vuong Street, Nha Trang City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hau Nhu
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: SAMS, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Argyll PA37 1QA UK.
authors.forename: Gail C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Twigg
authors.affiliation: Slate Islands Seaweed Ltd, 1B Easdale Island, Oban, Argyll PA34 4TB UK.
authors.forename: Duncan R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smallman
authors.affiliation: Celtic Sea Spice Co, 6 Long Craig Rigg, West Shore Road, Edinburgh, EH5 1QT UK.
authors.forename: Rory
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.affiliation: Celtic Sea Spice Co, 6 Long Craig Rigg, West Shore Road, Edinburgh, EH5 1QT UK.
authors.forename: Fiona A B
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.affiliation: SAMS, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Argyll PA37 1QA UK.
authors.forename: Adam D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hughes
keywords: Decontamination; Epibiont; Epiphyte; Hypochlorite; Iodide; Macroalgae