title: Prostate Biopsy-related Infection: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors, Prevention Strategies, and Management Approaches.
abstract: A systematic review to identify risk factors for prostate biopsy-related infection, preventative strategies, and optimal management of infectious complications was conducted. Significant risk factors for postbiopsy infection include urogenital infection, antibiotic use, international travel, hospital exposure, bacteriuria, previous transrectal biopsy, and resistance of fecal flora to antibiotic prophylaxis (especially fluoroquinolones). Patients at risk may benefit from an adjusted biopsy protocol comprising transrectal biopsy under targeted prophylaxis, and/or the use of rectal disinfection techniques or using a transperineal approach. Management of biopsy-related infection should be based on individual risk and local resistance profiles with input from multiple specialties.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. Electronic address: m.roberts2@uq.edu.au.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Harrison Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Pathology Queensland, Department of Microbiology, Central Laboratory, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
authors.forename: Patrick N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Urology Department, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grummet
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naber
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian M E
authors.initials: FME
authors.lastname: Wagenlehner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010343:Patient Admission; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones