title: Associations of Affective Responses During Free-Living Physical Activity and Future Physical Activity Levels: an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.
abstract: Affective response during physical activity may influence motivation to perform future physical activity behavior. However, affective response during physical activity is often assessed under controlled laboratory conditions. The current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture affective responses during free-living physical activity performed by adults, and determined whether these affective responses predict future moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels after 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  
  At baseline, electronic EMA surveys were randomly prompted across 4 days asking about current activities and affective states (e.g., happy, stressed, energetic, tired). Affective response during physical activity was operationalized as the level of positive or negative affect reported when concurrent physical activity (e.g., exercise or sports) was also reported. Data were available for 82 adults. Future levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using accelerometers, worn for seven consecutive days at 6 and 12 months after the baseline assessment.
  
  
  
  Feeling more energetic during physical activity was associated with performing more minutes of daily MVPA after both 6 and 12 months. Feeling less negative affect during physical activity was associated with engaging in more daily MVPA minutes after 12 months only.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated how EMA can be used to capture affective responses during free-living physical activity. Results found that feelings more energetic and less negative during physical activity were associated with more future physical activity, suggesting that positive emotional benefits may reinforce behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. yueliao@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9384-336X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Chih-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Jimi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leventhal
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D004644:Emotions; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Accelerometry; Affect; Exercise adherence; Free-living