title: Urinary tract infections in Romanian patients with diabetes: prevalence, etiology, and risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of infections, especially urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and etiology of UTIs and identify the risk factors for their development in patients with DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective, noninterventional study, the medical records of 2,465 adult patients with DM who were hospitalized in a Diabetes Clinic were reviewed. Data regarding the presence of UTI and possible associated risk factors were collected and their possible relation was analyzed. The study protocol and procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Timișoara Emergency Hospital. All data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v.17 statistical software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of UTIs in patients with DM was 12.0% (297 cases), being higher in females than in males and higher in patients with type 2 DM compared with patients with type 1 DM. In univariate logistic regression analysis, risk factors associated with UTIs were female gender, age, type 2 DM, longer duration of DM, and the presence of chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease. Multivariate analysis identified age, duration of DM, and metabolic control (hemoglobin A1c levels) as independent risk factors for UTIs. The gram-negative bacilli from theEnterobacteriaceaefamily were predominant, withEscherichia colibeing the most frequent of them (70.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UTIs are a frequent condition associated with DM. It is necessary to improve the care and the screening of UTIs in patients with DM to prevent the occurrence of possible associated severe renal complications.
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Teodora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiţă
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Timar
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Delia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muntean
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Regional Centre of Public Health, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: Luminiţa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bădiţoiu
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Florin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Horhat
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hogea
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Regional Centre of Public Health, Timisoara, Romania.
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moldovan
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Romulus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Timar
authors.affiliation: Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara; Pius Brinzeu Emergency Hospital.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Licker
keywords: diabetes mellitus; epidemiology; incidence; urinary tract infections