title: Orbitofrontal cortex connectivity as a mechanism of adolescent behavior change.
abstract: An increasing number of studies have implicated the role of network functional connectivity in addiction. Yet, none have examined functional connectivity as a potential mechanism of adolescent behavior change. We examined the underlying neural mechanism of a promising treatment for adolescents, motivational interviewing (MI). We began by employing psychophysiological interaction (PPI) to evaluate network response in a sample of adolescent cannabis users (N=30). Next, we examined correlations between network connectivity and clinical metrics of treatment outcome. PPI analyses seeded on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) showed significant increases in functional connectivity across the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), precentral gyrus, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area (SMA), superior frontal gyrus, pallidus, caudate, and parahippocampal gyrus. Further, greater functional connectivity between the OFC and anterior cingulate/medial frontal gyrus was associated with less behavior change (e.g., greater post-treatment cannabis problems). These data support the role of the OFC network as a mechanism of adolescent treatment response.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: feldstei@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Sarah W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feldstein Ewing
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, 3811 O'Hara St., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Electronic address: chungta@upmc.edu.
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: caouette@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Justin D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Caouette
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Electronic address: ariel.ketcherside@utdallas.edu.
authors.forename: Arielle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketcherside
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University, Department of Psychiatry, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., M/C DC7P, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: hudsonk@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Center for BrainHealth, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA. Electronic address: francesca.filbey@utdallas.edu.
authors.forename: Francesca M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Filbey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Alcohol; Cannabis; Conjunction analysis; Orbitofrontal cortex; Psychophysiological interaction; Treatment