title: TOWARD QUANTITATIVE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY: Visualizing Blood Flow Speeds in Ocular Pathology Using Variable Interscan Time Analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently available optical coherence tomography angiography systems provide information about blood flux but only limited information about blood flow speed. The authors develop a method for mapping the previously proposed variable interscan time analysis (VISTA) algorithm into a color display that encodes relative blood flow speed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Optical coherence tomography angiography was performed with a 1,050 nm, 400 kHz A-scan rate, swept source optical coherence tomography system using a 5 repeated B-scan protocol. Variable interscan time analysis was used to compute the optical coherence tomography angiography signal from B-scan pairs having 1.5 millisecond and 3.0 milliseconds interscan times. The resulting VISTA data were then mapped to a color space for display.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors evaluated the VISTA visualization algorithm in normal eyes (n = 2), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes (n = 6), proliferative diabetic retinopathy eyes (n = 3), geographic atrophy eyes (n = 4), and exudative age-related macular degeneration eyes (n = 2). All eyes showed blood flow speed variations, and all eyes with pathology showed abnormal blood flow speeds compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors developed a novel method for mapping VISTA into a color display, allowing visualization of relative blood flow speeds. The method was found useful, in a small case series, for visualizing blood flow speeds in a variety of ocular diseases and serves as a step toward quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; †Department of Computer Science, Pattern Recognition Lab, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; ‡New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; §Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; ¶Praevium Research Inc, Santa Barbara, California; **Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; and ††Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ploner
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Moult
authors.forename: WooJhon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Nadia K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Waheed
authors.forename: ByungKun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Novais
authors.forename: Emily D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Potsaid
authors.forename: Lennart
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Husvogt
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schottenhamml
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rosenfeld
authors.forename: Jay S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Duker
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hornegger
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D057092:Geographic Atrophy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods