title: Control of Cycling Limb Movements: Aspects for Rehabilitation.
abstract: Walking, swimming, cycling, and running are cyclic movements that are often performed in training programs or rehabilitation protocols by athletes or people with neuromotor disorders. The muscular and kinematic activities that are acquired during cyclic movements reveal control principles, especially for the optimization and stabilization of motor performance, for a given criterion in rehabilitation processes. The influence of external loads and resistive forces on limb movements should be considered in rehabilitation protocols and when assessing physical activity levels or defining activity patterns for the artificial control of limb movements. This chapter focuses on special cyclic limb movements: lower and upper limb cycling. Two aspects of this research and applications are discussed. First, variances of movement patterns are examined at different levels of the motor system (endpoint, joint configuration, muscle) during unimanual right and left arm cycling and bimanual cycling movements. Second, it is shown that the muscle activity patterns that are acquired during lower and upper limb cycling in able-bodied people may be used to define and improve stimulation patterns for functional electrical stimulation-driven cycling movements in spinal cord-injured individuals. This report also discusses the advantages of the application and control of these types of movements for the rehabilitation of people with paralyzed limbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Technology and Biorobotics, Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, 6, Ifjusag St, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. laczkoj@gamma.ttk.pte.hu.|Faculty of Science, University of Pécs, 6, Ifjusag St, Pécs, H-7624, Hungary. laczkoj@gamma.ttk.pte.hu.
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laczko
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Rehabilitation-Technology, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 29-33, Konkoly Thege M. St, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary.
authors.forename: Mariann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mravcsik
authors.affiliation: University of Physical Education, 44 Alkotas St, Budapest, H-1123, Hungary.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Katona
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Bimanual; Crank resistance; Electromyography; Functional electrical stimulation (FES); Lower limb; Power production; Unimanual; Upper limb