title: Relative effectiveness of selected preenrichment media for the detection of Salmonella from leafy green produce and herbs.
abstract: Four buffered preenrichment media (BAX®System MP Media (BAX)), Universal Preenrichment Broth (UPB), modified Buffered Peptone Water (mBPW), and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)) were compared with lactose broth (LB) in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual's (BAM) Salmonella culture method for the analysis of 9 leafy green produce and herb types. Artificially contaminated test portions were pre-enriched in each medium and the results were analyzed statistically using Fisher's Exact 2-tailed F test (p < 0.05) with pairwise comparisons. There was no difference in recovery of Salmonella from curly parsley and basil among the five media (p > 0.05). UPB was consistently among the most effective media for recovery of Salmonella from the nine produce types; however, S. Typhimurium and S. Newport were isolated from cabbage more frequently with mBPW than with UPB (p < 0.05). Comparisons of the results among the preenrichment media from all experimental trials, with leafy green produce and herbs, demonstrate that Salmonella is more effectively detected and isolated using buffered enrichments than with the currently recommended LB (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences among the buffered preenrichments for the detection of Salmonella-positive test portions of the produce tested (BAX (160 Salmonella-positive test portions/480 test portions), UPB (176/480), mBPW (184/480), BPW (169/480), LB (128/480))(p > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: Andrew.Jacobson@fda.hhs.gov.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: VikasGill@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Vikas S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duvall
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA. Electronic address: gca6@duke.ed.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chirtel
authors.affiliation: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hammack
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D028528:Petroselinum / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000382:microbiology; D014675:Vegetables / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media; D007785:Lactose