title: Detection of smoke-induced pulmonary lesions by hyperpolarized129Xe diffusion kurtosis imaging in rat models.
abstract: To demonstrate that hyperpolarized (HP) xenon diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is able to detect smoke-induced pulmonary lesions in rat models.
  
  
  
  Multi-b DKI with hyperpolarized xenon was used for the first time in five smoke-exposed rats and five healthy rats. Additionally, DKI with b values of up to 80 s/cm2were used in two healthy rats to probe the critical b value (a limit beyond which the DKI cannot describe the non-Gaussian diffusion).
  
  
  
  The mean apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp) and diffusion kurtosis (Kapp) extracted by the DKI model revealed significant changes in the smoke-exposed rats compared with those in the control group (P = 0.027 and 0.039, respectively), exhibiting strong correlations with mean linear intercept (Lm) from the histology. Although the maximum b value was increased to 80 s/cm2, the DKI could still describe the non-Gaussian diffusion (R2> 0.97).
  
  
  
  DKI with hyperpolarized xenon exhibited sensitivity in the detection of pulmonary lesions induced by smoke, including moderate emphysema and small airway diseases. The critical b value was rarely exceeded in DKI of the lungs due to the limited gradient strength of the MRI scanner used in our study. Magn Reson Med 78:1891-1899, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Weiwei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiuchao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xianping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shiyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014979:Xenon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke; D014979:Xenon Isotopes
keywords: DKI; Dapp; Kapp; hyperpolarized xenon; pulmonary lesions; smoke