title: Hypercalcemia and renal function impairment associated with vitamin D toxicity: case report.
abstract: Nowadays vitamin D (25-OHD) deficiency is supposed to be a global epidemic condition. Expectedly, vitamin D measurement and intake exponentially increased in Brazil in this decade. Although the benefit of vitamin D to general health is still in debate, its indiscriminate use potentially may lead to enhance the incidence of vitamin D intoxication, which is considered a rare disorder. We report a case of a 70 year old diabetic male with chronic renal disease (blood creatinine of 1.6 mg/dL) who progressed suddenly to acute kidney injury (blood creatinine of 5.7 mg/dL) associated with hypercalcemia and high blood levels of vitamin D. Vitamin D and calcitriol were discontinued and hypercalcemia was managed by hydration followed by furosemide. Thereafter, disodium pamidronate was administered and the patient did not undergo on dialysis. It took approximately 14 months to normalize 25-OHD levels and blood creatinine returned to basal levels only after 24 months. The indicated labeling dosage was 2000 IU, but most likely the vitamin D manipulated preparation was higher as the vitamin D blood levels were very high. Although rare, vitamin D intoxication is becoming more frequent as the patients use frequently manipulated preparations that could be subject to errors in the manufacturing and labeling of the tablets or capsules. The present report alerts to the potential increase in the incidence of severe vitamin D intoxication due to the frequent use of this secosteroid as a nutritional supplement. At the same time, it is necessary to improve regulation on the nutrient supplement market.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nefrologia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nefrologia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Osvaldo Merege
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Vieira Neto
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nefrologia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alan Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Laurindo
authors.affiliation: Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Jose Albuquerque de
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Nefrologia de Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moysés Neto
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000368:Aged; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000506:poisoning*; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000506:poisoning*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D014807:Vitamin D