title: Effect of Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Extract Supplementation in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: Elderberry (Sambucus nigraL.) lipophilic and polar extract dietary supplementation effects were evaluated according to diabetes management indices, using an in vivo model. A research pipeline was constructed, that ranged from extract preparation, partial chemical characterization and toxicity evaluation, to examining the elderberry extract dietary supplementation effects on biofluid and tissues. Extracts toxicity was screened using anAliivibrio fischeribioluminescence model. A concentration of up to 60 mg/L was selected, and rat doses for oral supplementation were computed applying the interspecies correlation betweenA. fischeriand rats. Wistar type 2 diabetic rats, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), were fed a high-fat diet and supplemented for 4 weeks at doses of 190 and 350 mg/kg body weight/day of lipophilic and polar extract, respectively. As far as we know, lipophilic elderberry extract supplementation was assessed for the first time, while polar extract was administrated at higher doses and for a shorter period compared to previous studies, aiming to evaluate subacute supplementation effects. The polar extract modulated glucose metabolism by correcting hyperglycemia, while the lipophilic extract lowered insulin secretion. Both extracts lowered insulin resistance, without remarkable alterations to hematological indices, sera lipids and sera and tissular trace element homeostasis. In conclusion, elderberries are a potential source of bioactive compounds for formulations to be used as co-adjuvants in diabetes management.
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. angelomcsalvador@ua.pt.|Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. angelomcsalvador@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Ângelo C
authors.initials: ÂC
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. ekrol@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Ewelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Król
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. virginia.lemos@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Virgínia C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. santos.sonia@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Sónia A O
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. fernandasaobento@ua.pt.|Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. fernandasaobento@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Fernanda P M S
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Bento
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. carina.pedrosa@live.ua.pt.
authors.forename: Carina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. aalmeida@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Adelaide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 35, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. dawszczepankiewicz@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dawid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szczepankiewicz
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. bartekk@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kulczyński
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-637 Poznan, Poland. zkre@up.poznan.pl.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Krejpcio
authors.affiliation: Aveiro Institute of Materials, CICECO, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. armsil@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Armando J D
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Silvestre
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit, QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal. smrocha@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Sílvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry*; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013311:Streptozocin
keywords: Sambucus nigra L.; diabetic rats; elderberry extracts supplementation; high-fat diet; lipophilic extract; polar extract