title: Naphthyridines with Antiviral Activity - A Review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Naphthyridine scaffold is an important pharmacophore in compounds which have shown various biological activities like antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory and analgesic. This scaffold is also reported to exhibit activity against HIV, HCMV, HSV, HPV and HCV. Antiviral activity displayed by many naphthyridine analogs is in nM range. Only few review articles are available in literature which describe about various biological activities of naphthyridines, but there is no comprehensive compilation particularly for antiviral activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this review is to compile the literature on anti-viral activities of naphthyridine analogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  SciFinder, Google Scholar and PubMed database were searched with keyword "naphthyridine" and the references obtained were further sorted using keywords "antihiv", "antiviral" and "virus", separately. References obtained were considered to review the antiviral literature of naphthyridines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Literature search using SciFinder database with different keywords gave several references. Only references of antiviral activities of naphthyridine compounds were reviewed. References to in-silico studies alone or on formulation development or on patents were excluded.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review will be helpful for future researches to design and synthesize naphthyridine analogs with improved antiviral activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India.
authors.forename: Inder P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab-160 062, India.
authors.forename: Shiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000187:drug effects; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D019428:HIV Integrase Inhibitors; D009287:Naphthyridines
keywords: 1; 6-naphthyridine; 8-naphthyridine; anti-HCMV; anti-HIV; anti-HPV and anti-HCV; anti-HSV; antiviral