title: A Single Vaccination of Nonhuman Primates with Highly Attenuated Smallpox Vaccine, LC16m8, Provides Long-term Protection against Monkeypox.
abstract: Monkeypox virus (MPXV) causes human monkeypox (human MPX), which is a similar disease to smallpox in humans. A previous study showed that a single vaccination of monkeys with LC16m8, a highly attenuated smallpox vaccine, protected them from MPX from 4-5 weeks post-vaccination. In this study, we evaluated the long-term efficacy of a single vaccination with LC16m8 in a nonhuman primate model of MPXV infection. The monkeys were inoculated with either LC16m8, Lister (parental strain of LC16m8), or a mock-up vaccine, and then challenged with MPXV via a subcutaneous route, at 6 and 12 months after vaccination, which we compared with either Lister or the mock-up vaccination. The LC16m8 monkeys exhibited almost no MPX-associated symptoms, whereas most of the naïve monkeys died. LC16m8 generated the protective memory immune response against MPXV, as suggested by the immediate viremia reduction and the response of the IgG antibody. The results demonstrated that the vaccination of monkeys with a single dose of LC16m8 provided durable protection against MPXV for longer than one year after immunization. The results suggest that the vaccination of humans with LC16m8 could induce long-term protection against MPXV infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.|Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Itoe
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Animals Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ami
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Animals Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Noriyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Shuetsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Momoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizuguchi
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Infectious Diseases.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurane
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases.|Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saijo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D012900:Smallpox Vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated
keywords: LC16m8; monkeypox; monkeypox virus; smallpox vaccine; vaccinia virus