title: The Ratio of Hmox1/Nrf2 mRNA Level in the Tumor Tissue Is a Predictor of Distant Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer.
abstract: Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) plays an important role in the growth and spread of tumor, and its expression is regulated positively by Nrf2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; NFE2L2] and negatively by kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and by BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1). Both Hmox1 and Nrf2 contribute to distant metastasis of cancer. The mRNA levels of Hmox1, Nrf2, Keap1, and Bach1 in the tumor and normal tissues of 84 subjects with colorectal cancer (CRC) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The tumor had lower Hmox1 but higher Bach1 mRNA levels than the normal tissue. The correlations of Hmox1 with components of the Nrf2 pathway were not significant in the tumor tissue of CRC subjects with distant metastasis. The ratio of Hmox1/Nrf2 mRNA level (by percentage) in the tumor tissue was lower in the subjects with distant metastasis (97.4% (84.4-111.1%)) than in those without (101.0% (92.7-136.5%)) and was a predictor for distant metastasis in CRC (odds ratio: 0.83; 95% confidence interval: 0.68-0.97) along with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (1.0027, 1.006-1.064). The mRNA level of Hmox1 in the tumor tissue of CRC is not correlated with that of the Nrf2 pathway molecules, and its ratio to the Nrf2 level may be useful for suggesting distant metastasis in CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Liang-Che
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Ko
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chein
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsan-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jim-Ray
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ching
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2902-751X
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C102108:BACH1 protein, human; D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051856:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1