title: MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF DISEASE-ASSOCIATED PIGMENTARY CHANGES IN RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using multiple imaging modalities, we evaluated the changes in photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that are associated with bone spicule-shaped melanin pigmentation in retinitis pigmentosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 60 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, short-wavelength autofluorescence, near-infrared autofluorescence (NIR-AF), NIR reflectance, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and color fundus images were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Central AF rings were visible in both short-wavelength autofluorescence and NIR-AF images. Bone spicule pigmentation was nonreflective in NIR reflectance, hypoautofluorescent with short-wavelength autofluorescence and NIR-AF imaging, and presented as intraretinal hyperreflective foci in spectral domain optical coherence tomography images. In areas beyond the AF ring outer border, the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone band was absent in spectral domain optical coherence tomography and the visibility of choroidal vessels in short-wavelength autofluorescence, NIR-AF, and NIR reflectance images was indicative of reduced RPE pigmentation. Choroidal visibility was most pronounced in the zone approaching peripheral areas of bone spicule pigmentation; here RPE/Bruch membrane thinning became apparent in spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are consistent with a process by which RPE cells vacate their monolayer and migrate into inner retina in response to photoreceptor cell degeneration. The remaining RPE spread undergo thinning and consequently become less pigmented. An explanation for the absence of NIR-AF melanin signal in relation to bone spicule pigmentation is not forthcoming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Kaspar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schuerch
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marsiglia
authors.forename: Winston
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sparrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D064847:Multimodal Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D061848:Optical Imaging / Q000379:methods; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate; D055213:Retinal Pigment Epithelium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins