title: Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin in cancer.
abstract: Thrombin-induced activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs) represents a link between inflammation and cancer. Proinflammatory signaling functions of thrombin are associated with several inflammatory diseases including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and of special interest in this review cancer. Thrombin-induced inflammatory responses up-regulates expression of cytokines, adhesion molecules, angiogenic factors, and matrix-degrading proteases that facilitate tumor cells proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the mechanisms of thrombin-mediated proinflammatory responses in cancer pathology for a better understanding and hence a better management of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Safieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Behnam-Rassouli
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoseinkhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Parizadeh
authors.affiliation: Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Keramati
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazaie
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5247-4043
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
mesh_terms: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D044462:Receptors, Proteinase-Activated; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D013917:Thrombin
keywords: cancer; inflammation; protease-activated receptors (PARs); thrombin