title: Role of Mast Cells in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammatory demyelination and consequent axonal deterioration. The hallmark of the disease is the demyelinated plaque, a hypocellular area characterized by formation of astrocytic scars and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Recent studies have revealed that both innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to the pathogenesis of MS and its experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of MS and EAE. Mast cells may act at the early stage that promote demyelination through interactions among mast cells, neurons, and other immune cells to mediate neuroinflammation. Studies from EAE model suggest that mast cells regulate adaptive autoimmune responses, present myelin antigens to T cells, disrupt the blood-brain barrier, and permit the entry of inflammatory cells and mediators into the CNS. Depletion or limiting mast cells could be a new promising therapeutic target for MS and EAE.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology, and Student's Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elieh-Ali-Komi
authors.affiliation: Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China. yonghao.cao@yale.edu.|Departments of Neurology and Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. yonghao.cao@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Yonghao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000473:pathology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology*; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
keywords: Central nervous system; Demyelination; Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Mast cell; Multiple sclerosis