title: Retroareolar Carcinomas in Breast Ultrasound: Pearls and Pitfalls.
abstract: Breast Ultrasound (US) is an important tool for both screening and diagnostic examinations. Although breast US has benefitted from significant recent technical improvements, its use for the retroareolar region is known to be more challenging than for other locations. The retroareolar location was defined by Giess et al. in 1998 as the region where any lesion is situated at less than two cm from the nipple and/or involves the nipple-areolar complex on mammogram. Understanding of the complex anatomy and physiology of the nipple-areolar region is important to avoid misinterpretation and misdiagnosis. The ability for the breast imager to manage difficulties related to the retroareolar area is paramount by adjusting settings (compounding, frequency, Doppler) and utilizing specific manoeuvers. Cases illustrating difficulties encountered in diagnosis of retroareolar carcinomas are presented.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, North Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay Regional Health Centre, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 6V4, Canada. romuald.ferre@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferré
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. martinepare@videotron.ca.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. lissmi28@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. melanie.theriault@videotron.ca.
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thériault
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. aealdis@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aldis
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. ellen.kao@muhc.mcgill.ca.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, McGill University Health Center, Royal Victoria Hospital, 687 Pine Ave West, Montreal, QC H3H 1A1, Canada. bmesurolle@yahoo.fr.
authors.forename: Benoit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mesurolle
keywords: breast; carcinomas; retroareolar; ultrasound