title: Radiological assessment of the breast following enhancement with Macrolane: Managing the challenges.
abstract: Macrolane VRF®, a biodegradable, stabilized hyaluronic acid gel, was used for breast enhancement 2008-2012. Similar to permanent implants, the presence of Macrolane gel may interfere with interpretation of mammography. This short communication aims to provide a guide to the appearance of Macrolane on radiology examination (including mammography, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging) and aid selection of the most appropriate imaging modality to facilitate breast examination in women who have undergone Macrolane breast enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: gianfranco.scaperrotta@istitutotumori.mi.it.
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scaperrotta
authors.affiliation: Imaging Department, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and King's College, Second Floor, Denmark Wing, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom. Electronic address: keshthra.satchi@virgin.net.
authors.forename: Keshtra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satchithananda
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Vägen, 171 76 Solna, Sweden. Electronic address: magnus.tengvar@karolinska.se.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tengvar
authors.affiliation: Radiologie Nuklearmedizin, Diakonissen KH, Speyerer Straße 91, 68163 Mannheim, Germany. Electronic address: karin.post@t-online.de.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: Imaging Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Adrian K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. Electronic address: ppanizza@sirm.org.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panizza
authors.affiliation: The M. Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, 02-034 Warsaw, ul. Wawelska 15B, Poland. Electronic address: ewawu7@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wesolowska
authors.affiliation: London Bridge Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Clinic, 54 Wimpole Street, London W1G 8YJ, United Kingdom. Electronic address: chris@lbps.co.uk.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Inglefield
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D016477:Artifacts; D001940:Breast; D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Breast enhancement; Breast implants; Hyaluronic acid; Macrolane; Radiological examination