title: Interarm blood pressure differences predict target organ damage in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk for atherosclerotic disease, and proper blood pressure measurement is mandatory. The authors examined the prevalence of an interarm difference (IAD) in blood pressure and its association with cardiovascular risk factors and organ damage (nephropathy, retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, and vascular damage) in a large diabetic population. A total of 800 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated with an automated simultaneous bilateral device (men: 422 [52.8%]; mean age: 68.1±12.2 years). Diabetic patients with systolic IAD ≥5 and systolic IAD ≥10 mm Hg showed an increased risk of having vascular damage (adjusted odds ratios: 1.73 and 2.49, respectively) and higher pulse pressure. IAD is highly prevalent in patients with diabetes, is associated with vascular damage, even for IAD ≥5 mm Hg, and should be accurately obtained to avoid underdiagnosis and undertreatment of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spannella
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giulietti
authors.affiliation: Geriatrics and Geriatric Emergency Department, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedecostante
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balietti
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cocci
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Landi
authors.affiliation: Scientific Direction, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bonfigli
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Diseases and Diabetology Unit, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boemi
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espinosa
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, "Hypertension Excellence Centre" of the European Society of Hypertension, IRCCS-INRCA "U.Sestilli", Ancona, Italy.|Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarzani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Interarm difference; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular risk factors; diabetes mellitus; hypertension