title: In vivo study on the biocompatibility of chitosan-hydroxyapatite film depending on degree of deacetylation.
abstract: Chitosan, produced from chitin, is one of the polymers with promising applications in various fields. However, despite diverse research studies conducted on its biocompatibility, its uses are still limited. The main reason is the degree of deacetylation (DOD), which represents the proportion of deacetylated units in the polymer and is directly correlated with its biocompatibility property. In this article, the in vivo biocompatibility of three chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite films composed of chitosan with different DOD values was investigated by traditional biological protocols and novel optical spectroscopic analyses. The DOD of the chitosan obtained from three different manufacturers was estimated and calculated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chitosan with the higher DOD induced a higher incidence of inflammation in skin cells. The amino group density, biodegradability, and crystallinity of chitosan are the three possible factors that need to be considered when determining the biocompatibility of the films for in vivo application, as they led to complicated biological results, resulting in either better or worse inflammation even when using chitosan products with the same DOD. This basic study on the relationship between the DOD and inflammation is valuable for the development of further chitosan-based researches. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1637-1645, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46279, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ki-Jae
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46279, Republic of Korea.|Corporation Research Laboratory, JL Nano Inc. Pusan National University Venture Hub, Busan, 46279, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Younseong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Research & Development Center, Medical Device Department, Dentis Co, Daegu, 42728, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Ri
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46279, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghyo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, 50463, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Dae-Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46279, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaebeom
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D048271:Chitosan; D017886:Durapatite
keywords: biocompatibility; chitosan; degree of deacetylation; hydroxyapatite; scaffold