title: Sexual dimorphism in interleukin 17A and adipocytokines and their association with insulin resistance among obese adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 17A (IL-17), leptin, and adiponectin have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, differences in sex and ethnicity as well as plasma concentration of adipocytokines and cytokines have been associated with the risk of insulin resistance. This study was conducted to elucidate whether sex differences exist in the risk of insulin resistance in Indonesian adolescents and to determine how plasma leptin, adiponectin, and IL-17 predict insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study participants were 69 obese-overweight boys, 53 obese-overweight girls, 59 non-obese boys, and 50 non-obese girls aged 15-18 years. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index. Plasma IL-17, leptin, and adiponectin were measured using ELISA. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and linear regression analysis. Odd ratios [ORs; 95% confidence intervals (CIs)] were analysed to estimate the risk of insulin resistance; the significance level was set at 95%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The OR (95% CI) for insulin resistance was higher in obese-overweight boys than in obese-overweight girls. The plasma IL-17 was higher in boys, whereas plasma adiponectin and leptin were significantly higher in girls. In all participants, obesity status and plasma leptin were the most efficient predictors of insulin resistance, whereas the IL-17 could not significantly predict insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual dimorphism exists in IL17 as well as leptin and adiponectin in adolescents. Plasma IL-17 cannot be used to predict insulin resistance in adolescents of both sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Email: rina_susilowati@ugm.ac.id.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Susilowati
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dian Caturini
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sulistyoningrum
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ni Putu Diah
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Witari
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Emy
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huriyati
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Harry Freitag
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Luglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Madarina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Julia
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D020381:Interleukin-17