title: Evaluation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 concentration and values of global tests concerning the coagulation system of patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrage.
abstract: The term 'subarachnoid haemorrhage' (SAH) stands for bleeding into the subarachnoid space, regardless of its source. It may be of primary character when the source of bleeding is situated within the subarachnoid space. Subarachnoid haemorrhage is often described as spontaneous bleeding, mainly in order to differentiate it from post-traumatic bleeding.
  
  
  
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the blood of patients in the early phase following subarachnoid haemorrhage in terms of searching for markers useful in subarachnoid bleeding diagnostics and monitoring a patient's clinical state.
  
  
  
  The study comprised 85 patients (47 women, 38 men), aged 29-81 (average 53±12 years), suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage. The control group comprised 45 healthy people selected according to gender and age corresponding with the experimental group.
  
  
  
  The study revealed that the concentration of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 was significantly higher in patients suffering from subarachnoid haemorrhage. Additionally, the concentration of fibrinogen decreased, aPTT was shorter and the concentration of D-dimers increased. The studied parameters did not differ with respect to the age or gender of the patients. It was stated that according to the Hunt and Hess scale, the concentration of ICAM-1 was considerably higher in the group of patients in the most severe neurological state, compared to other patients. It was also observed that the concentration of fibrinogen was significantly higher, aPTT was shorter, and the concentration of D-dimers increased in the afore-mentioned group.
  
  
  
  Evaluation of the concentration of adhesion molecules, as well as values of global tests concerning the coagulation system, may serve as a useful diagnostic tool for SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
authors.forename: Abu-Sitta
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Al-Drawi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiciński
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grześk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szadujkis-Szadurska
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grześk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland.
authors.forename: Mateusz Maciej
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Węclewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michalska
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Czeczuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Biała Podlaska, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huk-Wieliczuk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C573420:ICAM1 protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1