title: Obesity as a Risk Factor for Prostatic Enlargement: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate obesity, a risk factor of metabolic syndrome, and its association with prostatic enlargement in a retrospective cohort in Korea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study on Atherosclerosis Risk of Rural Areas in the Korean General Population (KoGES-ARIRANG). Between March 2015 and November 2015, 2,127 male participants of KoGES-ARIRANG were invited to the Korean Prostate Health Council Screening Program, and 602 participants underwent urological examination, including serum prostate specific antigen measurement and transrectal ultrasonography, and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score questionnaire. The data for 571 participants were analyzed, after excluding 31 men who had a history of prostatic disease or testosterone replacement, or had undergone a prior prostatic surgery or procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among components of metabolic syndrome, waist circumference had a statistically significant linear correlation with incremental increases in prostate volume (B=0.181, P=0.004). Abdominal obesity as determined by anthropometric measures including body mass index (odds ratio [OR], 1.205; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.088-1.336), waist circumference (OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.032-1.115), body fat (OR, 1.126; 95% CI, 1.056-1.202), and visceral fat composition (OR, 1.667; 95% CI, 1.246-2.232) was significantly associated with the presence of high-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (prostate volume≥ 40 mL). Furthermore, the highest quartile of serum leptin (OR, 3.541; 95% CI, 1.103-11.365) and adiponectin levels (OR, 0.315; 95% CI, 0.102-0.971) were significantly correlated with high-volume BPH compared to the lowest quartile of levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abdominal obesity and serum leptin level are positively associated with prostate growth, whereas serum adiponectin level is inversely associated with the presence of prostatic enlargement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hung
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4990-7098
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.|Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Song Vogue
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Mann
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5835-0527
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9347-3592
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang Jin
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4095-6296
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Won
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yoo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8322-4701
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.|Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Baek
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5609-6521
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Koh
keywords: Adiponectin; Leptin; Obesity; Prostatic Hyperplasia