title: Facilitators' delivery of a psychosocial intervention in a controlled trial for men with prostate cancer and their partners: a process evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to report the process evaluation of facilitators' delivery of a psychosocial intervention (called CONNECT), in a randomized controlled trial, to men with prostate cancer and their partners.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is a lack of information on the process of implementing psychosocial interventions in controlled trials and, in particular, on the role and performance of facilitators who deliver them. Yet, this information is crucial in assessing whether these interventions are effective or not and why.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured qualitative interviews and diaries were used to collect data (January-October 2012) from four facilitators and a co-facilitator. Data were analysed using the Miles et al.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five themes were discernible. These were 'difficulties to keep to the structure of the intervention', 'selective coverage of topics', 'partner participation', 'overall impression of the group and telephone sessions' and 'perceived benefits to participants'. Issues such as not keeping to the aim of the intervention, deviating from the content and/or reluctance in discussing sensitive issues such as sexual health may mean that the psychosocial effects of the intervention may not have been fully realized.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings will be useful for further development and evaluation of the intervention. A tentative conceptual framework of factors, related to facilitators, influencing the fidelity of interventions in the context of controlled trials, is offered. This model, which requires further development and testing, will be useful for researchers worldwide who are involved in developing interventions and training facilitators.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Kader
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0600-0733
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Parahoo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co.Antrim, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prue
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Oonagh
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: McSorley
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Eilis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCaughan
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D018454:Spouses
keywords: controlled trials; facilitators; fidelity; nurses; process evaluation; psychosocial intervention; qualitative