title: The Nature of Metastable AA' Graphite: Low Dimensional Nano- and Single-Crystalline Forms.
abstract: Over the history of carbon, it is generally acknowledged that Bernal AB stacking of the sp2carbon layers is the unique crystalline form of graphite. The universal graphite structure is synthesized at 2,600~3,000 °C and exhibits a micro-polycrystalline feature. In this paper, we provide evidence for a metastable form of graphite with an AA' structure. The non-Bernal AA' allotrope of graphite is synthesized by the thermal- and plasma-treatment of graphene nanopowders at ~1,500 °C. The formation of AA' bilayer graphene nuclei facilitates the preferred texture growth and results in single-crystal AA' graphite in the form of nanoribbons (1D) or microplates (2D) of a few nm in thickness. Kinetically controlled AA' graphite exhibits unique nano- and single-crystalline feature and shows quasi-linear behavior near the K-point of the electronic band structure resulting in anomalous optical and acoustic phonon behavior.
authors.affiliation: Center for Opto-electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Kap
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Opto-electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
authors.forename: K P S S
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Hembram
authors.affiliation: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Il
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis Center, Yeungnam University, Daegu 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Ki
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Center for Opto-electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea.|Department of New Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeseul
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Center for Opto-electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeon-Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Ju
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of New Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Wooyoung
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Gil
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: John