title: Rapid determination of oxindole alkaloids in cat's claw by HPLC using ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction and silica monolithic column.
abstract: Cat's claw is a large woody vine with hook-like thorns, and has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory disorders in South and Central America. In this study, a rapid, validated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method using a silica monolithic column was developed for the simultaneous determination of oxindole alkaloids, namely rhynchophylline, pteropodine, isomitraphylline and isopteropodine, in cat's claw. The ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction (ILMAE), considered as an environmentally friendly and powerful tool, was first applied in the extraction of oxindole alkaloids. To optimize the HPLC method, the stationary phases, pH values of mobile phase and flow rates were investigated. The validated HPLC method using a Monolithic RP18ecolumn (100 × 4.6 mm) enables these analytes to be separated almost twice as fast as with a conventional particulate column (~16 vs ~30 min) with limits of quantification and detection of 0.5 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. The ILMAE conditions were optimized by the Taguchi orthogonal array design. In comparison with conventional water boiling extraction, ILMAE offers almost four times higher yields within an extremely short extraction time. The developed HPLC coupled with ILMAE method could be efficient and practical for rapid determination of oxindole alkaloids in cat's claw.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Wei
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Ching
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Chich
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Tse
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D020948:Cat's Claw / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000032:analysis*; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis*; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008872:Microwaves; D000078183:Oxindoles; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007211:Indoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D000078183:Oxindoles; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C052714:rhyncophylline; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C431786:uncarine E; C431785:uncarine C; C509329:isomitraphylline
keywords: cat's claw; microwave-assisted extraction; monolithic column; oxindole alkaloids