title: Association between Serum 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D and Aggressive Prostate Cancer in African American Men.
abstract: African American men have higher incidence rates of aggressive prostate cancer, where high levels of calcium and serum vitamin D deficient levels play a role in the racial differences in incidence. In this study, we examined associations of serum vitamin D with aggressive prostate cancer to improve our understanding of higher susceptibility of aggressive disease in this racial cohort. From Howard University Hospital, 155 African American men with clinically-identified prostate cancer were identified; 46 aggressive cases, and 58 non-aggressive cases. Serum vitamin D was assessed from fasting blood samples, and total calcium intake was assessed using the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms from three different loci were genotyped;rs731236,rs1544410, andrs11568820. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing aggressive to non-aggressive prostate cancer. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) significantly increased risk of aggressive disease (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.03-9.57,p-value = 0.04). Stratification by total calcium showed high calcium levels (≥800 mg/day) modified this association (OR: 7.3, 95% CI: 2.15-47.68,p-interaction = 0.03). Genetic variantrs11568820appeared to increase the magnitude of association between deficient serum vitamin D and aggressive prostate cancer (OR: 3.64, 95% CI: 1.12-11.75,p-value = 0.05). These findings suggest that high incidence of aggressive prostate cancer risk in African American men may be due in-part to deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Other factors, including genetics, should be considered for future studies.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Fellow, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E402, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shakira.nelson@nih.gov.|Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 6E402, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. shakira.nelson@nih.gov.
authors.forename: Shakira M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. kbatai@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Batai
authors.affiliation: Chief Medical Officer, Carney Hospital-Steward Health Systems, Dorchester, MA 02124, USA. chiledum.ahaghotu@steward.org.
authors.forename: Chiledum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahaghotu
authors.affiliation: Health Behavior Research Branch, Division of Cancer Control and Population Studies, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. collinsta@mail.nih.gov.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Agurs-Collins
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. rkittles@surgery.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kittles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D056426:Genetic Loci; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium
keywords: African American men; aggressive prostate cancer; calcium; rs11568820; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D receptor small nucleotide polymorphisms