title: EFFECT OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT ON THE LEVELS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION OF HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  of this study was to explore the effect of social support on the levels of anxiety and depression of hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  258 patients undergoing hemodialysis were enrolled. A questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study was used to collect data through the interview process. Apart from socio-demographic, clinical and other characteristics, the questionnaire also included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) to assess social support from significant others, family and friends, and the questionnaire Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs) to assess the levels of anxiety and depression of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  53,9% of the participants were male while 34,1% of the participants were >70 years old. 32,9% and 30,2% of the participants felt high levels of anxiety and depression, respectively. Analysis of data showed a statistically significant association between anxiety/depression and social support from significant others, family and friends (p=<0,001 for all associations). In particular, patients with high levels of anxiety and depression felt less support from their significant others, family and friends. The multinomial logistic regression, showed a statistically significant effect of social support from friends in anxiety levels (p=0,004). An one point increase of the support from friends seems to reduce by 57% the probability of having high levels of anxiety. In addition, statistically significant effect of social support from significant others, family and friends was observed on the levels of depression (p=<0,001, p=0,001 & p=0,003, respectively). Specifically, an one point increase of the support from significant others, family and friends it was found to reduce by 77%, 71% and 56% respectively the probability of experiencing high levels of depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phyco-social evaluation is essential when providing holistic care to hemodialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lilympaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makri
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vlantousi
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koutelekos
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Fotoula
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Babatsikou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Technological Institute of Athens (TEI) of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polikandrioti
keywords: Hemodialysis; anxiety; depression; social support