title: A Feasibility Study for Measuring Accurate Chest Compression Depth and Rate on Soft Surfaces Using Two Accelerometers and Spectral Analysis.
abstract: Background. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) feedback devices are being increasingly used. However, current accelerometer-based devices overestimate chest displacement when CPR is performed on soft surfaces, which may lead to insufficient compression depth.Aim. To assess the performance of a new algorithm for measuring compression depth and rate based on two accelerometers in a simulated resuscitation scenario.Materials and Methods. Compressions were provided to a manikin on two mattresses, foam and sprung, with and without a backboard. One accelerometer was placed on the chest and the second at the manikin's back. Chest displacement and mattress displacement were calculated from the spectral analysis of the corresponding acceleration every 2 seconds and subtracted to compute the actual sternal-spinal displacement. Compression rate was obtained from the chest acceleration.Results. Median unsigned error in depth was 2.1 mm (4.4%). Error was 2.4 mm in the foam and 1.7 mm in the sprung mattress (p< 0.001). Error was 3.1/2.0 mm and 1.8/1.6 mm with/without backboard for foam and sprung, respectively (p< 0.001). Median error in rate was 0.9 cpm (1.0%), with no significant differences between test conditions.Conclusion. The system provided accurate feedback on chest compression depth and rate on soft surfaces. Our solution compensated mattress displacement, avoiding overestimation of compression depth when CPR is performed on soft surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Sofía
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0414-0946
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruiz de Gauna
authors.affiliation: Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Digna M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6594-5748
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: González-Otero
authors.affiliation: Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9481-742X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Communications Engineering, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Alameda Urquijo S/N, 48013 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000465:Algorithms; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D013909:Thorax / Q000503:physiopathology*