title: Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril Lead to Upregulation of TGF-β, and Downregulation of IL-6 in Coronary Artery Disease and Hypertension.
abstract: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension are the main reasons of ischemic heart diseases (IHDs). Cytokines as the small glycoproteins are the main arm of immune system and manipulate all of the cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment of hypertension and CAD on serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α.
  
  
  
  This interventional study was performed on the patients with hypertension without CAD (group 1), hypertension and CAD (group 2), CAD but not hypertension (group 3) and without hypertension and CAD as controls (group 4). The patients received routine treatment for hypertension and CAD. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β and TNF-α were analyzed in the groups treated with various drugs, using ELISA technique.
  
  
  
  With regard to the medications, Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril were administered more in patients (groups 1, 2 and 3) than the patients without hypertension and CAD. The results revealed that serum levels of TGF-β and IL-6 were significantly increased and decreased, respectively, in the groups 1, 2 and 3 when compared to group 4. Serum levels of TGF-β were also increased in females in comparison to males in the group 4.
  
  
  
  According to the results it seems that Atorvastatin, Losartan and Captopril have reduced inflammation in in vivo conditions via downregulation of IL-6 and upregulation of TGF-β.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sepehri
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical ‎Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masoumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.|Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Zohre
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kiani
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Nasiri
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.
authors.forename: Farhad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kohan
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
authors.forename: Mahmood
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheikh Fathollahi
authors.affiliation: Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.|Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemi Arababadi
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asadikaram
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069059:Atorvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007492:Iran; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; C508606:CXCL8 protein, human; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002216:Captopril; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D019808:Losartan