title: Evaluation of toxicity of a chronic alternate day metronomic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy protocol in dogs with naturally occurring cancer.
abstract: Sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) is an important complication of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in dogs as it is reported in up to 23% of cases with various protocols. The current study reports toxicities of a protocol of metronomic cyclophosphamide, and identifies risk factors for development of adverse effects. A retrospective cohort study of dogs treated with metronomic cyclophosphamide at an intended dose of 25 mg/m2every other day was conducted. Fifty dogs were included with a median length of treatment of 90 days (range: 1 to 1305 days). Treatment was discontinued in 22 dogs (44%) due to adverse effects; 16 dogs (32%) developed SHC after a median time of 127.5 days (range: 54 to 1305 days). Higher cumulative dose was significantly associated with a higher risk of SHC development (P= 0.048). Therefore, close monitoring and/or prophylactic treatments should be considered for patients receiving chronic metronomic cyclophosphamide therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences (Matsuyama, Mutsaers), Department of Clinical Studies (Woods, Mutsaers), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
authors.forename: Arata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences (Matsuyama, Mutsaers), Department of Clinical Studies (Woods, Mutsaers), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
authors.forename: J Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences (Matsuyama, Mutsaers), Department of Clinical Studies (Woods, Mutsaers), Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mutsaers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D003520:Cyclophosphamide