title: A Review of Treatment for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: Paradigms for Clinical Practice.
abstract: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a major complication of breast cancer treatment, impacting the quality of life for breast cancer survivors that develop it. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature surrounding BCRL treatment modalities to guide clinicians regarding risk-stratified treatment options.
  
  
  
  A review of studies over a 10-year period (January 2006 to February 2016) was performed. Noninvasive strategies evaluated included compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, and complex decongestive therapy (CDT). Invasive modalities evaluated included liposuction and lymphatic bypass/lymph node transfer (LNT). Our search yielded 149 initial results with 45 studies included.
  
  
  
  A number of prospective studies have found that CDT is associated with volume reduction in the affected limb as well as improved quality of life, particularly in patients with early stage BCRL. With regards to invasive treatment options, data support that lymphatic bypass and LNT are associated with symptomatic and physiologic improvements, particularly in patients with more advanced BCRL. In addition, a small number of studies suggest that liposuction may be an efficacious and safe treatment for moderate to severe BCRL.
  
  
  
  CDT is an effective treatment modality for early stage BCRL. For more advanced BCRL, LNT has demonstrated efficacy. Further study is required with respect to comparing BCRL treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Smile
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tendulkar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Plastic Surgery.
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virgina Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grobmyer
authors.affiliation: General Surgery, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.affiliation: 21st Century Oncology, Michigan Healthcare Professionals, Farmington Hills, MI.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vicini
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute.
authors.forename: Chirag
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001458:Bandages; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017741:Survivors; D016896:Treatment Outcome