title: Toward modeling locomotion using electromyography-informed 3D models: application to cerebral palsy.
abstract: This position paper proposes a modeling pipeline to develop clinically relevant neuromusculoskeletal models to understand and treat complex neurological disorders. Although applicable to a variety of neurological conditions, we provide direct pipeline applicative examples in the context of cerebral palsy (CP). This paper highlights technologies in: (1) patient-specific segmental rigid body models developed from magnetic resonance imaging for use in inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics pipelines; (2) efficient population-based approaches to derive skeletal models and muscle origins/insertions that are useful for population statistics and consistent creation of continuum models; (3) continuum muscle descriptions to account for complex muscle architecture including spatially varying material properties with muscle wrapping; (4) muscle and tendon properties specific to CP; and (5) neural-based electromyography-informed methods for muscle force prediction. This represents a novel modeling pipeline that couples for the first time electromyography extracted features of disrupted neuromuscular behavior with advanced numerical methods for modeling CP-specific musculoskeletal morphology and function. The translation of such pipeline to the clinical level will provide a new class of biomarkers that objectively describe the neuromusculoskeletal determinants of pathological locomotion and complement current clinical assessment techniques, which often rely on subjective judgment. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1368. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1368 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics and Plastic Surgery, Neurorehabilitation Systems Research Group, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sartori
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.|Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.|Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Modenese
authors.affiliation: Queensland Children's Motion Analysis Service, Queensland Paediatric Rehabilitation Service, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.|Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.|School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Carty
authors.affiliation: Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberhofer
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Handsfield
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.affiliation: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Department of Engineering Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Besier
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.affiliation: Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.|School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: D G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0824-9682
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D066230:Patient-Specific Modeling