title: Rhizoma smilacis glabrae protects rats with gentamicin-induced kidney injury from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhizoma smilacis glabrae (RSG), which is mild-natured and tastes sweet or bland, has pharmacological action of eliminating dampness, detoxifying, and ensuring that joints were healthy and supple in traditional Chinese medicine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To discuss the protective effect of RSG on gentamicin (GM)-induced kidney injury in rats and its regulatory mechanisms of oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, model group, and RSG low, middle, and high dose groups (0.75，1.5，3gkg-1). Six hours after intramuscular GM injections, rats in the model group were given distilled water by intragastric administration, and rats in the 3 RSG intervention groups were given different dosages of RSG water-extracts. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, blood and kidney samples were collected to test for biochemical indexes of kidney injury, oxidative stress, histopathological defects, apoptosis rate, and caspase-3 protein expression to assess the protective effect of RSG water-extracts against GM-induced kidney injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the model group, serum TP and ALB levels were significantly higher (P<0.05), and BUN, CRE, and UA levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the 3 RSG intervention groups. In kidney tissues, SOD, CAT, and GSH levels increased significantly (P<0.05), while MDA level decreased significantly (P<0.05). Total apoptosis rate dropped markedly (P<0.01), and the protein expressions of caspase-3 increased, while expressions of activated caspase-3 decreased. Histopathological analysis showed shrinkage of kidney cells reduced with appearance of complete kidney structure and decrease in activated caspase-3 expressions in impaired renal tubules decreased. Among the 3 RSG intervention groups, the middle dose group (1.5gkg-1) showed the best protective effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RSG water-extracts had protective effects against GM-induced kidney injury in rats, and its mechanism of action was related to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by inhibiting caspase-3 activation.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan District, Anhui 230036, PR China.
authors.forename: Cuiyan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan District, Anhui 230036, PR China.
authors.forename: Youxi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Center, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan District, Heifei, Anhui 230036, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan District, Anhui 230036, PR China.
authors.forename: Zisheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China. Electronic address: gujingang@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Jingang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Shushan District, Anhui 230036, PR China. Electronic address: luckyhcy@163.com.
authors.forename: Chunyang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D044948:Flavonols / Q000032:analysis; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D044948:Flavonols; D005839:Gentamicins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C099069:astilbin; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; Caspase-3; Kidney injury; Oxidative stress; Rhizoma smilacis glabrae water-extracts