title: The effects of electromagnetic fields on B16-BL6 cells are dependent on their spatial and temporal character.
abstract: Exposure to low intensity, low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) has effects on several biological systems. Spatiotemporal characteristics of these EMFs are critical. The effect of several complex EMF patterns on the proliferation of B16-BL6 mouse melanoma cells was tested. Exposure to one of these patterns, the Thomas-EMF, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted calcium uptake. The Thomas-EMF is coded from a digital-to-analog file comprised of 849 points, which provides power to solenoids and can be set to alter timing, intensity, and duration of variable EMF. Setting the point duration to 3 ms generated a time-varying EMF pattern which began at 25 Hz and slowed to 6 Hz over a 2.5 s repeat. Exposing B16-BL6 cells to Thomas-EMF set to 3 ms for 1 h/day inhibited cell proliferation by 40% after 5 days, while setting the point duration to 1, 2, 4, or 5 ms had no effect on cell proliferation. Similarly, exposing cells to Thomas-EMF set to 3 ms promoted a three-fold increase in calcium uptake after 1 h, while the other timings had no effect. Exposure to Thomas-EMF for as short as 15 min/day slowed cell proliferation, but exposure for 1 h/day was optimal. This corresponded to the effect on calcium uptake where uptake was detected after 15 min exposure and was maximal by 1 h of treatment. Studies show that the specific spatiotemporal character of EMF is critical in mediating their biological activities. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:165-174, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.|Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Carly A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.|Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Alison L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Buckner
authors.affiliation: Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Stan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Persinger
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.|Regional Cancer Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.|Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lafrenie
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D055909:Magnetic Field Therapy; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium
keywords: calcium; cancer cells; cell proliferation; electromagnetic field; frequency modulated