title: Dissolution and fractionation of nut shells in ionic liquids.
abstract: The aim of this work was to study the dissolution of raw peanut and chestnut shells in ionic liquids. Dissolution of raw biomass up to 7wt% was achieved under optimized operatory conditions. Quantification of polysaccharides dissolved through quantitative13Cq NMR revealed extractions of the cellulosic material to ionic liquids as high as 87%. Regeneration experiments using an antisolvent mixture allowed to recover the cellulosic material and the ionic liquid. The overall mass balance presented very low loss rates (<8%), recoveries of 75% and 95% of cellulosic material from peanut and chestnut shells, respectively, and the recovery of more than 95% of the ionic liquid in both cases. These results show the high potential of using nut shells and ionic liquids for biorefining purposes. Moreover, high recovery of ionic liquids favors the process from an economical point of view.
authors.affiliation: LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Aristides P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rua Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n., E15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: oscar.rodriguez@usc.es.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: LSRE - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Associate Laboratory LSRE/LCM, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Eugénia A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Macedo
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D066241:Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D009754:Nuts / Q000737:chemistry*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D052578:Ionic Liquids; D011134:Polysaccharides; C007916:hemicellulose
keywords: Biomass; Chestnut; Dissolution; Extraction; Ionic liquids; Peanut