title: Quercetin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart of streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced adult male diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quercetin is known to possess beneficial effects in ameliorating diabetic complications, however the mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effect of this compound in diabetes is not fully revealed. In this study, quercetin effect on oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the heart in diabetes were investigated. Normal and streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced adult male diabetic rats received quercetin (10, 25 and 50mg/kg/bw) orally for 28days were anesthetized and hemodynamic parameters i.e. systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Blood was collected for analyses of fasting glucose (FBG), insulin and cardiac injury marker levels (troponin-C, CK-MB and LDH). Following sacrificed, heart was harvested and histopathological changes were observed. Heart was subjected for analyses of oxidative stress marker i.e. lipid peroxidation and activity and expression levels of anti-oxidative enzymes i.e. SOD, CAT and GPx. Levels of inflammation in the heart were determined by measuring nuclear factor (p65-NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels by using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Distribution and expression levels of TNF-α and Ikk-β (inflammatory markers), caspase-3, caspase-9, Blc-2 and Bax (apoptosis markers) in the heart were identified by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of quercetin to diabetic rats caused significant decrease in FBG and cardiac injury marker levels with increased in insulin levels. In diabetic rat heart, lesser histopathological changes were observed with oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis levels markedly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quercetin could potentially be used to ameliorate myocardial damage due to oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roslan
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nelli
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giribabu
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kamarulzaman
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: naguib.salleh@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Naguib
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salleh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D009536:Niacinamide; D013311:Streptozocin; D011794:Quercetin
keywords: Apoptosis; Inflammation; Myocardium; Oxidative stress; Quercetin