title: Self Addressed Questions and Filled Pauses: A Cross-linguistic Investigation.
abstract: There is an ongoing debate whether phenomena of disfluency (such as filled pauses) are produced communicatively. Clark and Fox Tree (Cognition 84(1):73-111, 2002) propose that filled pauses are words, and that different forms signal different lengths of delay. This paper evaluates this Filler-As-Words hypothesis by analyzing the distribution of self-addressed-questions or SAQs (such as "what's the word") in relation to filled pauses. We found that SAQs address different problems in different languages (most frequently about memory-retrieval in English and Chinese, and about appropriateness in Japanese). In relation to filled pauses, British but not American English uses "um" to signal a more severe problem than "uh". Chinese uses different filled pauses to signal the syntactic category of the problem constituent. Japanese uses different filled pauses to signal levels of interaction with the interlocuter. Overall, our data supports the Filler-As-Words hypothesis that filled pauses are used communicatively. However, the dimensions of its meanings vary across languages and dialects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de linguistique formelle, UMR 7110, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France. tiany.03@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0545-942X
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Letters, Senshu University, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de linguistique formelle, UMR 7110, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ginzburg
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008037:Linguistics; D013060:Speech; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cross-linguistic analysis; Disfluency; Filled pauses; Self addressed questions