title: Physiological effects of γ-linolenic acid and sesamin on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation.
abstract: Interrelated effects of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) and sesamin, a sesame lignan, on hepatic fatty acid synthesis and oxidation were examined. Rats were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0 or 2 g/kg sesamin (1:1 mixture of sesamin and episesamin) and containing 100 g/kg of palm oil (saturated fat), safflower oil rich in linoleic acid, or oil of evening primrose origin containing 43% GLA (GLA oil) for 18 days. In rats fed sesamin-free diets, GLA oil, compared with other oils, increased the activity and mRNA levels of various enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, except for some instances. Sesamin greatly increased these parameters, and the enhancing effects of sesamin on peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation rate and acyl-CoA oxidase, enoyl-CoA hydratase and acyl-CoA thioesterase activities were more exaggerated in rats fed GLA oil than in the animals fed other oils. The combination of sesamin and GLA oil also synergistically increased the mRNA levels of some peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation enzymes and of several enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism located in other cell organelles. In the groups fed sesamin-free diets, GLA oil, compared with other oils, markedly reduced the activity and mRNA levels of various lipogenic enzymes. Sesamin reduced all these parameters, except for malic enzyme, in rats fed palm and safflower oils, but the effects were attenuated in the animals fed GLA oil. These changes by sesamin and fat type accompanied profound alterations in serum lipid levels. This may be ascribable to the changes in apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan. Electronic address: t-ide@jumonji-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwase
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Saaya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Saki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunahara
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tachihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jumonji University, 2-1-28 Sugasawa, Niiza, Saitama 352-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.affiliation: Tama Biochemical Co., Ltd., 23-3 Nishishinjuku 1-Chome, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017705:Lignans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008041:Linoleic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D031665:Oenothera biennis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000073878:Palm Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D020675:Peroxisomes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000009:adverse effects; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D004149:Dioxoles; D005227:Fatty Acids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D017705:Lignans; D008041:Linoleic Acids; D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; C028498:evening primrose oil; D000073878:Palm Oil; D017965:gamma-Linolenic Acid; D012450:Safflower Oil; D042962:Acyl-CoA Oxidase; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D004746:Enoyl-CoA Hydratase; C054125:sesamin
keywords: Hepatic fatty acid oxidation; Hepatic fatty acid synthesis; Serum lipid levels; Sesamin; γ-Linolenic acid