title: Deterioration of endothelial function of micro- and macrocirculation in patients with diabetes type 1 and 2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular complications are an important cause of morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of atherosclerosis and has already been shown in macrocirculation of diabetic patients; however, data on endothelial function of microcirculation is scarce. Our aim was to evaluate endothelial function in macro- and microcirculation and their interrelationship in patients with type 1 and 2 DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 30 patients with type 1 DM, 30 patients with type 2 DM and 25 healthy controls. The endothelial function of large arteries was studied measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Peripheral arterial tonometry was used for investigation of the endothelial function of microcirculation, measuring Reactive Hyperemia Index (RHI) and Augmentation Index (AI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison to controls, both DM groups had decreased FMD: type 1 (4.0±5.0% vs. 10.0±7.8%, P=0.005) and type 2 (5.0±0.6% vs. 10.0±7.8%, P=0.007). However, only type 2 DM group had a lower RHI (1.71±0.44 vs. 2.05±0.54, P=0.017) in comparison to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with type 1 and 2 DM had deteriorated functional capability of macrocirculation. However, endothelial dysfunction of microcirculation was present only in type 2 DM patients. Type 2 DM patients were also at higher risk for atherosclerosis because of the more frequent presence of risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Besic
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jeraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spirkoska
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mateja K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jezovnik
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia - pavel.poredos@kclj.si.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poredoš
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008833:Microcirculation; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D014664:Vasodilation