title: Application of Amniotic Tissue in Orthopedic Surgery.
abstract: The use of amniotic tissue in orthopedic surgery has increased in recent years. While more studies are needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and define the appropriate applications of these tissues, basic science and clinical studies are available that indicate promising results. This review will highlight these studies as they relate to the musculoskeletal system.
authors.forename: Nathanael
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Auran
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA. raffy.x.mirzayan@kp.org.
authors.forename: Raffy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mirzayan
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*