title: Initial versus ongoing education: Perspectives of people with type 1 diabetes in 13 countries.
abstract: To understand the perspectives of people with type 1 diabetes with regards to the diabetes education they receive within the health system.
  
  
  
  Grounded Theory was used for the collection and analysis of data from interviews with 101 people with type 1 diabetes from 13 countries.
  
  
  
  There are two aspects to education, namely initial education received when diagnosed and the ongoing education people continue to receive. Within these two categories content and process of diabetes education are important as are factors linked to the healthcare worker and setting.
  
  
  
  Tangible elements are the "what" that is delivered and are the different skills and information needed for people to manage their diabetes. Process elements are the "how" this is delivered. Finally intangible elements are those, which were found to be specific to certain contexts and health professionals. These could be the hardest to replicate, but possibly the most important.
  
  
  
  Health systems can provide the tangible elements and organize themselves to have processes in place to deliver education. The challenge is how can the intangible elements be seen as important and developed and delivered to improve management, but also meet the needs of people with diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. Electronic address: David.Beran@unige.ch.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beran
authors.affiliation: Division of Therapeutic Education for Chronic Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals and Director, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research in the Field of Education and Long-Term Follow-up Strategies for Chronic Diseases, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golay
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D066296:Grounded Theory; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Educational activities; Knowledge; Patient education; Training programs; Type 1 diabetes