title: Characterization, quantification and management of China's municipal solid waste in spatiotemporal distributions: A review.
abstract: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a heterogeneous waste stream, which is harmful for human health and the ecological environment if it is not well managed. Based on results from different authors by analyzing the generation, physical components and management of MSW from different cities, this paper presents an overview of the temporal trends and spatial variation characterization of MSW generation and its physical components in China. Total MSW generation has increased from 31,320 thousand tons in 1980 to 178,602 thousand tons in 2014, and MSW generation per capita has also increased from 448.3g to 653.2g. The distribution of MSW generation is mostly concentrated in the coastal southeastern region, as well as large point sources of more than 200 thousand tons per year are mostly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei and Guangdong provinces. The review shows that the largest proportion of food waste, plastics and paper is 61.2% (54.2-65.9%, 95% CI), 9.8% (7.2-14.0%, 95% CI), 9.6% (6.7-12.3%, 95% CI), respectively, in 2014; the best estimates of other waste were as follows: 3.1% textile, 2.1% glass, 1.1% metal, 1.8% wood and grass, 1.3% rubber and leather, 1.8% ceramic, 2.5% ash, 1.2% hazardous waste, and 4.5% miscellaneous. To better manage China's MSW, several possible and appropriate solutions (e.g., concentrating on key regions, intensifying source separation, promoting green lifestyle, and establishing specialized regulations and policies) should be adopted, which might facilitate the application of China's 13th Five, and identify gaps in our knowledge of MSW management subject.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China. Electronic address: bxgu@yzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Binxian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Suqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
authors.forename: Haikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
authors.forename: Zibo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
authors.forename: Renfu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Environmental Sanitation Administration Agency, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Environmental Sanitation Administration Agency, Suzhou 215000, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D062611:Solid Waste / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062211:Spatio-Temporal Analysis
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: China; Municipal solid waste; Review; Spatiotemporal variations; Uncertainty analysis