title: Geographic patterns of change over time in mammography: Differences between Black and White U.S. Medicare enrollees.
abstract: U.S. Black women have higher breast cancer mortality compared to White women while their rate of ever having a mammogram has become equal to or slightly surpassed that of Whites. We mapped the distribution of change in screening mammography for Black and White female Medicare enrollees ages 67-69 from 2008 to 2012 by hospital referral region across the contiguous U.S., performed cluster analysis to assess spatial autocorrelation, and examined the screening differences between these groups in 2008 and 2012 respectively. Changes in screening mammography are not consistent across the U.S.: Black and White women have increased and decreased their use of mammography in different regions and Black women's change patterns vary more widely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, Suite 202, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA. Electronic address: lstiel@llu.edu.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stiel
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Center for Community Resilience, Loma Linda University, 24951 North Circle Drive, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soret
authors.affiliation: School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, 11065 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montgomery
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D006278:Medicare; D014481:United States; D044465:White People
keywords: Black/African American; Breast cancer; Geographic information systems (GIS); Health disparities; Mammography