title: Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus, hepatitis A virus and enterovirus in water samples collected from different region of Peshawar, Pakistan.
abstract: Viral gastroenteritis and other water-borne diseases are the most neglected areas of research in Pakistan. To determine the quality of water, 4 enteric viruses were studied from different localities of Peshawar, Pakistan. The study validates the viral detection method for Rotavirus (RV), Human adenovirus (HAdV), Enterovirus (EV) and Hepatitis A virus (HAV), directly from water sources of rural areas of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan. Overall, 95 five water samples were tested; among them, 9.47% were positive for RV, 38.94% for HAdV, 48.42% for EV and 12.63% for HAV. The presence of these viruses in water was directly correlated with meteorological data. High prevalence of EV and HAdV was detected frequently in the wet season from May - September, which can be the potential cause of spreading of gastroenteritis in the population. Environmental surveillance is an additional tool to evaluate the epidemiology of enteric viruses circulating in a given community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Najma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arshad
authors.affiliation: National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fazal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnan
authors.affiliation: National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Najam-Us-Sahar
authors.initials: NU
authors.lastname: Sadaf Zaidi
authors.affiliation: National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Talha
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Comsat Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Usman
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zahoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sadia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anjum
mesh_terms: D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000821:virology*; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D030041:Hepatitis A virus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water