title: Redox Probing for Chemical Information of Oxidative Stress.
abstract: Oxidative stress is implicated in many diseases yet no simple, rapid, and robust measurement is available at the point-of-care to assist clinicians in detecting oxidative stress. Here, we report results from a discovery-based research approach in which a redox mediator is used to probe serum samples for chemical information relevant to oxidative stress. Specifically, we use an iridium salt (K2IrCl6) to probe serum for reducing activities that can transfer electrons to iridium and thus generate detectable optical and electrochemical signals. We show that this Ir-reducing assay can detect various biological reductants and is especially sensitive to glutathione (GSH) compared to alternative assays. We performed an initial clinical evaluation using serum from 10 people diagnosed with schizophrenia, a mental health disorder that is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. The measured Ir-reducing capacity was able to discriminate people with schizophrenia from healthy controls (p < 0.005), and correlations were observed between Ir-reducing capacity and independent measures of symptom severity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Eunkyoung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2331-4833
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kitchen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Mijeong
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Banis
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States.
authors.forename: Deanna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghodssi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.|Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory F
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2566-4041
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007495:Iridium / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012372:ROC Curve; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C538735:iridium chloride; D007495:Iridium; D005978:Glutathione