title: Prevalence of Victimization in Patients With Dual Diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of victimization in patients with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders (dual diagnosis) and compare them to the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional survey study conducted in the Netherlands, 9 different types of victimization (e.g., physical assault) were assessed with the Safety Monitor in patients with dual diagnosis (n = 243) and a sample of the general population (n = 10,865). Chi-square tests were used to compare patients with a weighted sample of the general population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the general population, patients with dual diagnosis were more likely to have been a victim of violence (60% vs. 11%), property crime (58% vs. 30%), and vandalism (21% vs. 14%) in the year preceding the assessment. Threats, sexual assault, physical assault, robbery, bicycle theft, other theft, and vandalism were more prevalent in patients with dual diagnosis compared to the general population. Car theft was more prevalent in the general population. The risk of burglary did not differ significantly between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with dual diagnosis are highly prone to victimization. In patients with severe mental illness, victimization is associated with psychopathology, substance use, homelessness, and engagement in criminal activity. Future research is necessary to explore underlying mechanisms in patients with dual diagnosis and develop interventions to reduce their vulnerability for victimization.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research , Arkin Mental Health Care , Amsterdam , Netherlands.|b Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry , Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.|c Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marleen Maria
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Waal
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research , Arkin Mental Health Care , Amsterdam , Netherlands.|c Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacobus Johannes Maria
authors.initials: JJM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.affiliation: a Department of Research , Arkin Mental Health Care , Amsterdam , Netherlands.|b Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry , Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands.
authors.forename: Anna Emma
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Goudriaan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003415:Crime; D019548:Crime Victims; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Victimization; addiction; co-occurring disorders; dual diagnosis; severe mental illness; substance dependence; violence