title: Antioxidant Flavonols and Phenolic Compounds from Atraphaxis frutescens and Their Inhibitory Activities against Insect Phenoloxidase and Mushroom Tyrosinase.
abstract: Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Atraphaxis frutescens resulted in the isolation of five 7-methoxyflavonols with pyrogallol B-ring moieties (1-5), a fisetinidol glucoside (13), and a benzyl glycoside (18), together with 26 known compounds including flavonoids, phenylpropanoid amides, anthraquinone glycosides, lignans, and a benzyl derivative. The principal chemical structural feature of the isolated compounds was either a pyrogallol or catechol B-ring moiety, and they showed potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities. To assess the effects of these antioxidants on biological enzymes, their inhibitory effects against an insect phenoloxidase and a mushroom tyrosinase were evaluated. This study indicated that insect phenoloxidase was inhibited by phenylpropanoid amides and that mushroom tyrosinase was inhibited by the characteristic 7-methoxyflavonol 3-O-rhamnopyranosides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Batsukh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Odonbayar
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7778-3822
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National University of Mongolia , POB-617, Ulaanbaatar-46A, 14201, Mongolia.
authors.forename: Javzan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Batkhuu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasunaga
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University , 4-1 Komatsushima 4-chome, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenroh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000201:enzymology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001042:Aphids / Q000201:enzymology; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D044948:Flavonols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008986:Mongolia; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D019664:Polygonaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D044948:Flavonols; D005960:Glucosides; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase