title: Outcomes and Impact of Training and Development in Health Management and Leadership in Relation to Competence in Role: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review Protocol.
abstract: The need for competence training and development in health management and leadership workforces has been emphasised. However, evidence of the outcomes and impact of such training and development has not been systematically assessed. The aim of this review is to synthesise the available evidence of the outcomes and impact of training and development in relation to the competence of health management and leadership workforces. This is with a view to enhancing the development of evidence-informed programmes to improve competence.
  
  
  
  A systematic review will be undertaken using a mixed-methods research synthesis to identify, assess and synthesise relevant empirical studies. We will search relevant electronic databases and other sources for eligible studies. The eligibility of studies for inclusion will be assessed independently by two review authors. Similarly, the methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed independently by two review authors using appropriate validated instruments. Data from qualitative studies will be synthesised using thematic analysis. For quantitative studies, appropriate effect size estimate will be calculated for each of the interventions. Where studies are sufficiently similar, their findings will be combined in meta-analyses or meta-syntheses. Findings from quantitative syntheses will be converted into textual descriptions (qualitative themes) using Bayesian method. Textual descriptions and results of the initial qualitative syntheses that are mutually compatible will be combined in mixed-methods syntheses.
  
  
  
  The outcome of data collection and analysis will lead, first, to a descriptive account of training and development programmes used to improve the competence of health management and leadership workforces and the acceptability of such programmes to participants. Secondly, the outcomes and impact of such programmes in relation to participants' competence as well as individual and organisational performance will be identified. If possible, the relationship between health contexts and the interventions required to improve management and leadership competence will be examined.
authors.affiliation: Health Systems Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Reuben Olugbenga
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Ayeleke
authors.affiliation: Health Systems Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: North
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Katharine Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Zhanming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Health Systems Section, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunham
mesh_terms: D004517:Education, Professional; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D010346:Patient Care Management; D011361:Professional Competence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012107:Research Design; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic
keywords: Clinical Leadership; Competence; Health Management; Professional Development Programmes; Training