title: Reference Values for a Panel of Cytokinergic and Regulatory Lymphocyte Subpopulations.
abstract: Lymphocyte subpopulations producing cytokines and exerting regulatory functions represent key immune elements. Given their reciprocal interdependency lymphocyte subpopulations are usually assayed as diagnostic panels, rather than single biomarkers for specialist clinical use. This retrospective analysis on lymphocyte subpopulations, analyzed over the last few years in an outpatient laboratory in Northeast Italy, contributes to the establishment of reference values for several regulatory lymphocytes currently lacking such reference ranges for the general population. Mean values and ranges in a sample of Caucasian patients (mean age 42±8,5 years), were provided for Th1, Th2, Th17, Th-reg, Tc-reg, Tc-CD57+and B1 lymphocytes. The results are consistent with what is found in literature for the single subtypes and are: Th1 157.8±60.3/µl (7.3%±2.9); Th2 118.2±52.2/µl (5.4%±2.5); Th17 221.6±90.2/µl (10.5%±4.4); Th-reg 15.1±10.2/µl (0.7%±0.4); Tc-reg 5.8±4.7/µl (0.3%±0.2); Tc-CD57+ 103.7±114.1/µl (4.6%±4.7); B1 33.7±22.8/µl (1.5%±0.9); (Values are mean±SD). The results show that despite their variability, mean values are rather consistent in all age or sex groups and can be used as laboratory internal reference for this regulatory panel. Adding regulatory cells to lymphocyte subpopulations panels allows a more complete view of the state of the subject's immune network balance, thus improving the personalization and the "actionability" of diagnostic data in a systems medicine perspective.
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sorrenti
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marenda
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fortinguerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cecchetto
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quartesan
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zorzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zusso
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.affiliation: Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group, Padova 35100, Italy.; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35100, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buriani
keywords: Cytokines; Diagnostic-omics; Immune dysregulation; Lymphocyte subsets; Personalized medicine; Reference range