title: Effects of molgramostim, filgrastim and lenograstim in the treatment of myelokathexis.
abstract: Myelokathexis is a very rare form of chronic hereditary neutropenia resulting from impaired neutrophil releasing mechanism in the bone marrow. The recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage (molgramostim) and granulocyte (filgrastim, lenograstim) colony stimulating factors release the mature granulocytes from the bone marrow. We describe a 43-year-old woman suffering from myelokathexis, with the absolute neutrophil count ranging between 0.03 and 1.35 × 109/L. In the period before the introduction of cytokines, the patient had more than 80 major infectious episodes. Since 1991, infections in this patient have been treated with cytokines, given in conjunction with antibiotics. Initially, she received molgramostim in a daily dose of 5 μg/kg subcutaneously, which stimulated the release of granulocytes from her bone marrow, thereby allowing successful treatment of infection. After the development of hypersensitivity, molgramostim was substituted with filgrastim. Finally, lenograstim was given a trial. With all three cytokines, the patient's neutrophil count always attained normal values already 4 hours after subcutaneous application of the drug in a dose of 5 μg/kg, the highest neutrophil levels were measured at 24 hours post-injection, and the neutrophil count was again close to the baseline value 72 hours after the treatment. A slight neutropenia was present 48 hours after the application of filgrastim. We believe that all three cytokines are equally effective in increasing the neutrophil count in venous blood of patients with myelokathexis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Černelč
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Dušan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andoljšek
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Uroš
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mlakar
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Jože
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pretnar
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Mojca
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Modic
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Irena P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška 7,1105 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Samo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zver
keywords: G-CSF; GM-CSF; Key words neutropenia; cytokines; treatment