title: Smoking cessation advice in limb reconstruction: An opportunity not to be missed.
abstract: The adverse health effects of smoking are well known, including its effects on the musculoskeletal system. Limb reconstruction using external fixators is a high intensity process with high levels of patient contact time, complications and cost. The aim of this study was to examine smoking patterns in this group and in particular to assess trends in smoking cession. Data was collected from 41 patients all undergoing treatment using circular frame external fixation, for a variety of pathologies, most commonly acute tibial trauma. A patient reported questionnaire was used. Data was collected over a six-month period. In our population 56.1% of patients were smokers. During the study 47.8% patients stopped smoking and a further 39.1% decreased their smoking behaviour. 78.3% of patients could recall being given smoking cessation advice. In our group, 87% of patients were unaware of the effects of smoking on bone healing. Once made aware during discussion of proposed treatment, 73.9% stated that it was, in part, this knowledge that prompted them to positively change their smoking habits. The results of this study show that advice regarding smoking cessation during limb reconstruction treatment can potentially have a positive impact on patients smoking habits. The effect of smoking should be linked to the patient pathology and discussed during the consent process. Taking the time with the patient for this simple free intervention can have a positive impact on patient health, and potentially on the outcome of their current treatment, and is an opportunity not to be missed.
authors.affiliation: Central Manchester University Hospital Trust, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: drjow@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.affiliation: Central Manchester University Hospital Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shoaib
authors.affiliation: Central Manchester University Hospital Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shariff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D023821:Limb Salvage / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Limb salvage; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Smoking; Smoking cessation