title: Lippia graveolens photochemopreventive effect against UVB radiation-induced skin carcinogenesis.
abstract: Lippia graveolens HBK (Mexican oregano) is a species that is regularly used as a condiment in Mexican cuisine. In traditional medicine, it is used for the treatment of respiratory and digestive illnesses, headaches, rheumatism and inflammation-related disorders. The main chemical components reported in this species include the following: terpenoids, iridoids and flavonoids. The aim of this study was to determine the potential photochemopreventive effect of the methanolic extract of Lippia graveolens (MELG) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin cancer in SKH-1 mice. The phenolic content, radical scavenger activity, penetration and genotoxicity of the MELG were also evaluated. The MELG exhibited scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and it did not exhibit genotoxic activity in the micronucleus test. In addition, the MELG absorbed UVB (280nm) electromagnetic radiation. The main components detected in the plant extract were naringenin and galangin, and pinocembrin was also isolated and identified through spectroscopic analysis. The MELG demonstrated a photoprotective effect against UVB-induced cell death in Escherichia coli. In chronic challenge experiments, the MELG protected against UVB-induced skin cancer in SKH-1 mice. The MELG penetrated the skin of mice. Topical administration of the MELG protected against chronic UVB-induced damage in mouse SKH-1 skin. Our results suggest that the MELG has photochemopreventive activity and may potentially prevent photo-tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: boresana@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García-Bores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: adrianamontserrat1@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Espinosa-González
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: soul.zieltzin@gmail.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reyna-Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: sact_999@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cruz-Toscano
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Histología, UMF, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: jdelcjdelc@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Benítez-Flores
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: tzasna@unam.mx.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Hernández-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Recursos Naturales, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: saulsel@unam.mx.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flores-Maya
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biogeoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: murzua@unam.mx.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urzúa-Meza
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: ipcastro@unam.mx.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Peñalosa-Castro
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica-Ecológica, Grupo de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Naturales Bioactivos, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan C.P. 3780000, Chile.. Electronic address: cespedes.leonardo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Céspedes-Acuña
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México C.P. 54090, Mexico. Electronic address: tuncomaclovio2000@yahoo.com.mx.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Avila-Acevedo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D008812:Mice, Hairless; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents
keywords: Antioxidant activity; Lippia graveolens; Photocarcinogenesis; Photochemoprevention; UVB radiation