title: Marginal Vitamin A Deficiency Exacerbates Memory Deficits Following Aβ1-42 Injection in Rats.
abstract: Although clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is a public health problem developing throughout the world, has been well controlled, marginal vitamin A deficiency (MVAD) is far more prevalent, especially among pregnant women and preschool children in China. Increasing evidence suggests that VAD is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether MVAD, beginning early in life, increases the risk of developing AD has yet to be determined.
  
  
  
  The goal of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of MVAD on the pathogenesis of AD in rats.
  
  
  
  An MVAD model was generated from maternal MVAD rats and maintained with an MVAD diet after weaning. The males were bilaterally injected with aggregated amyloid β (Aβ)1-42 into the CA3 area of the hippocampus, and the AD-associated cognitive and neuropathological phenotypes were examined.
  
  
  
  We found that MVAD feeding significantly aggravated Aβ1-42-induced learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze test. MVAD did not induce the mRNA expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) or insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) in Aβ1-42-injected rats. Moreover, RARα and RARγ mRNA were positively correlated with ADAM10 mRNA, whereas RARβ mRNA was positively correlated with IDE mRNA.
  
  
  
  Our study suggests that MVAD beginning from the embryonic period perturbs the ADassociated genes, resulting in an enhanced risk of developing AD.
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Tingyu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
authors.forename: Youxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D018782:Maze Learning; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides
keywords: ADAM10; Alzheimer’s disease; IDE; amyloid β ; marginal vitamin A deficiency; memory deficits; retinoic acid
  receptors; vitamin A