title: Structured DAG oil ameliorates renal injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 pathway.
abstract: Accumulating evidence suggested that inflammatory processes are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here, we have tested the hypothesis that Caprylic Acid (Cy)-diacylglycerol (DAG) oil (Cy-DAG), a novel structurally formulated lipid with high nutritional value, ameliorated DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats through the anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Basic hematological, biochemical parameters, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis were performed to observe the anti-inflammatory potential of Cy-DAG oil. The data revealed that STZ significantly increased the renal oxidative stress markers and decreased the levels of renal enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, renal nitric oxide (NO), tissue necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were also increased in the renal tissue of STZ-treated rats. Further, DAG oil pretreatment produced a significant improvement in renal antioxidant status, reduced the lipid peroxidation and the levels of inflammatory markers in STZ-treated kidney. Similarly, results of protein expression showed that DAG oil pretreatment normalized the renal expression of Nrf2/Keap1 and its downstream regulatory proteins in STZ-treated condition. Immunohistochemical observations provided further evidence that DAG oil effectively protected the kidney from STZ-mediated oxidative damage. These results suggested that the DAG oil ameliorated STZ-induced oxidative renal injury by the activation of AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and the inhibition of ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, India.
authors.forename: Kankana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, India. Electronic address: mahuag@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Mahua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C011439:1,2-diacylglycerol; D002210:Caprylates; D004075:Diglycerides; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; C495637:Nfe2l2 protein, rat; C031492:octanoic acid
keywords: DAG oil; Diabetic nephropathy; Inflammation; NF-κB/Nrf2; Streptozotocin