title: Second trimester amniotic fluid uric acid, potassium, and cysteine to methionine ratio levels as possible signs of early preeclampsia: A case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The precise etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) still remains enigmatic. In recent published work, there is a scientific trend aiming to unveil early biomarkers of PE based on amniotic fluid compositional changes before the development of clinical symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a case of an apparently clinically healthy woman, whose amniotic fluid, retrieved after amniocentesis at 222/7gestational week, had elevated uric acid and potassium concentration, as well as cysteine to methionine ratio. At the time of amniocentesis, conventional clinical signs of PE were absent. The woman developed severe PE and intrauterine growth restriction, at the 280/7week of gestation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the limitation of such studies lies in the fact that amniocentesis is an invasive procedure, and thus employed only under specific indications, our scientific observations might be useful for future research towards unraveling the causes of PE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fotiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra-Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Michaelidou
authors.affiliation: 4(th) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masoura
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops and Ecology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Menexes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology-Virology, Papageorgiou General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Koulourida
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Costas G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Biliaderis
authors.affiliation: 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Basil C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tarlatzis
authors.affiliation: 1(st) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: apostolos3435@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Apostolos P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Athanasiadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid; D008715:Methionine; D003545:Cysteine; D011188:Potassium
keywords: amniotic fluid; methionine metabolism; potassium; preeclampsia; uric acid