title: Assessment of inferior vena cava diameter by echocardiography in normal Indian population: A prospective observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The assessment of the IVC diameter is self explanatory for evaluation of the individuals' volume status. Studies regarding IVC diameter estimation in normal individuals are scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to define normal criteria of size and dynamics of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by M-mode echocardiography in normal individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, single-center, observational study carried out at Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research between December 2011 and April 2014. A total of 4126 consecutive individuals were enrolled. Normal IVC diameter was measured both during inspiration and expiration by M-mode echocardiography in subcostal view.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IVC diameter varied from 0.46 to 2.26cm in the study individuals. The IVC diameter ranged from 0.97 to 2.26cm during expiration and from 0.46 to 1.54cm during inspiration. A strong correlation was observed between IVC diameter and height, weight and BMI of the individuals, calculated using Pearson correlation. The correlation coefficients for expiratory and inspiratory IVC diameters as a function of BMI were 0.686 and 0.7, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings corroborate the correlations between height, weight and BMI with IVC diameter. Future studies could be focused to bring about a steadfast formula for calculating IVC diameter based on demographic parameters of an individual.
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: drssspatil@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Shivanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Natraj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shetty
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kharge
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Beeresha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Puttegowda
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Rangraj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramalingam
authors.affiliation: Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Manjunath Nanjappa
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Cholenahally
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Body mass index; Echocardiography; Expiration; Inferior vena cava; Inspiration