title: Ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid-liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet for determination of three antifungal drugs in water and biological samples.
abstract: A novel ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid-liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet (UAAD-LLM-SFO) followed by HPLC-UV detection was developed for the analysis of three antifungal drugs in water and biological samples. In this method, 1-dodecanol was used as the extraction solvent. The emulsion was rapidly formed by pulling in and pushing out the mixture of sample solution and extraction solvent for 5 times repeatedly using a 10-mL glass syringe while sonication was performed. Therefore, an organic dispersive solvent required in common microextraction methods was not used in the proposed method. After dispersing, an aliquot of acetonitrile was introduced as a demulsifier solvent into the sample solution to separate two phases. Therefore, some additional steps, such as the centrifugation, ultrasonication, or agitation of the sample solution, are not needed. Parameters influencing the extraction recovery were investigated. The proposed method showed a good linearity for the three antifungal drugs studied with the correlation coefficients (R2> 0.9995). The limits of detection (LODs) and the limits of the quantification (LOQs) were between 0.01-0.03 μg L-1and 0.03-0.08 μg L-1, respectively. The preconcentration factors (PFs) were in the range of 107-116, respectively. The precisions, as the relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 5), for inter-day and intra-day analysis were in the range of 2.1-4.5% and 6.5-8.5%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to determine the three antifungal drugs in tap water and biological samples. The recoveries of antifungal drugs in these samples were 92.4-98.5%. Graphical abstract Ultrasound-air-assisted demulsified liquid-liquid microextraction by solidification of a floating organic droplet for the analysis of three antifungal drugs prior HPLC-UV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran. maryams77@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ezoddin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shojaie
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.|Drug Design and Development Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
authors.forename: Khosrou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abdi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karimi
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D004655:Emulsions; D057230:Limit of Detection; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D014867:Water
keywords: Antifungal drugs; Demulsified liquid–liquid microextraction; Solidification of a floating organic droplet; Ultrasound air assisted