title: Protein and Peptide Biopharmaceuticals: An Overview.
abstract: Bioactive proteins and peptides are recognised as novel therapeutic molecules with varying biological properties for potential medical applications. Development of protein and peptidebased therapeutic products for human use is growing steadily as they continue to receive an increasing rate of approval by the United States Food and Drugs Administration (US FDA). In this short review, we describe the current status and methodologies involved in the synthesis of protein and peptide biopharmaceuticals with an emphasis on the drivers and restrains to their exploitation in the therapeutic products sector.
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Agyei
authors.forename: Ishtiaq
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Zain
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Akram
authors.forename: Hafiz M N
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Danquah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000458:organization & administration; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015202:Protein Engineering; D011506:Proteins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration / Q000458:organization & administration
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Bioactive peptides; bioactive proteins; biopharmaceuticals; bioprocessing; therapeutics