title: Validity of BMI-Based Body Fat Equations in Men and Women: A 4-Compartment Model Comparison.
abstract: Nickerson, BS, Esco, MR, Bishop, PA, Fedewa, MV, Snarr, RL, Kliszczewicz, BM, and Park, K-S. Validity of BMI-based body fat equations in men and women: a 4-compartment model comparison. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 121-129, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare body mass index (BMI)-based body fat percentage (BF%) equations and skinfolds with a 4-compartment (4C) model in men and women. One hundred thirty adults (63 women and 67 men) volunteered to participate (age = 23 ± 5 years). BMI was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m). BF% was predicted with the BMI-based equations of Jackson et al. (BMIJA), Deurenberg et al. (BMIDE), Gallagher et al. (BMIGA), Zanovec et al. (BMIZA), Womersley and Durnin (BMIWO), and from 7-site skinfolds using the generalized skinfold equation of Jackson et al. (SF7JP). The 4C model BF% was the criterion and derived from underwater weighing for body volume, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral content, and bioimpedance spectroscopy for total body water. The constant error (CE) was not significantly different for BMIZA compared with the 4C model (p = 0.74, CE = -0.2%). However, BMIJA, BMIDE, BMIGA, and BMIWO produced significantly higher mean values than the 4C model (all p < 0.001, CEs = 1.8-3.2%), whereas SF7JP was significantly lower (p < 0.001, CE = -4.8%). The standard error of estimate ranged from 3.4 (SF7JP) to 6.4% (BMIJA) while the total error varied from 6.0 (SF7JP) to 7.3% (BMIJA). The 95% limits of agreement were the smallest for SF7JP (±7.2%) and widest for BMIJA (±13.5%). Although the BMI-based equations produced similar group mean values as the 4C model, SF7JP produced the smallest individual errors. Therefore, SF7JP is recommended over the BMI-based equations, but practitioners should consider the associated CE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas.|Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
authors.forename: Brett S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Nickerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Esco
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Professions, Liberty University, Lynchburg, Virginia.
authors.forename: Phillip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Fedewa
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Snarr
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kliszczewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, Texas.
authors.forename: Kyung-Shin
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D055815:Young Adult