title: Constraints on Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Sources from a Search for Neutrinos above 10 PeV with IceCube.
abstract: We report constraints on the sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) above 10^{9}  GeV, based on an analysis of seven years of IceCube data. This analysis efficiently selects very high- energy neutrino-induced events which have deposited energies from 5×10^{5}  GeV to above 10^{11}  GeV. Two neutrino-induced events with an estimated deposited energy of (2.6±0.3)×10^{6}  GeV, the highest neutrino energy observed so far, and (7.7±2.0)×10^{5}  GeV were detected. The atmospheric background-only hypothesis of detecting these events is rejected at 3.6σ. The hypothesis that the observed events are of cosmogenic origin is also rejected at >99% CL because of the limited deposited energy and the nonobservation of events at higher energy, while their observation is consistent with an astrophysical origin. Our limits on cosmogenic neutrino fluxes disfavor the UHECR sources having a cosmological evolution stronger than the star formation rate, e.g., active galactic nuclei and γ-ray bursts, assuming proton-dominated UHECRs. Constraints on UHECR sources including mixed and heavy UHECR compositions are obtained for models of neutrino production within UHECR sources. Our limit disfavors a significant part of parameter space for active galactic nuclei and new-born pulsar models. These limits on the ultrahigh-energy neutrino flux models are the most stringent to date.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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authors.lastname: Westerhoff
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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authors.initials: BJ
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authors.affiliation: III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Oskar Klein Centre and Department of Physics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA.
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