title: Built environmental factors and adults' travel behaviors: Role of street layout and local destinations.
abstract: Street layout is consistently associated with adults' travel behaviors, however factors influencing this association are unclear. We examined associations of street layout with travel behaviors: walking for transport (WT) and car use; and, the extent to which these relationships may be accounted for by availability of local destinations. A 24-h travel diary was completed in 2009 by 16,345 adult participants of the South-East Queensland Household Travel Survey, Australia. Three travel-behavior outcomes were derived: any home-based WT; over 30min of home-based WT; and, over 60min of car use. For street layout, a space syntax measure of street integration was calculated for each Statistical Area 1 (SA1, the smallest geographic unit in Australia). An objective measure of availability of destinations - Walk Score - was also derived for each SA1. Logistic regression examined associations of street layout with travel behaviors. Mediation analyses examined to what extent availability of destinations explained the associations. Street integration was significantly associated with travel behaviors. Each one-decile increment in street integration was associated with an 18% (95%CI: 1.15, 1.21) higher odds of any home-based WT; a 10% (95%CI: 1.06, 1.15) higher odds of over 30min of home-based WT; and a 5% (95%CI: 0.94, 0.96) lower odds of using a car over 60min. Local destinations partially mediated the effects of street layout on travel behaviors. Well-connected street layout contributes to active travel partially through availability of more local destinations. Urban design strategies need to address street layout and destinations to promote active travel among residents.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan; Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: Javad.Koohsari@bakeridi.edu.au.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Koohsari
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Australia. Electronic address: Neville.Owen@bakeridi.edu.au.
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia. Electronic address: rcole@usc.edu.au.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.affiliation: Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: suzanne.mavoa@unimelb.edu.au.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mavoa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan. Electronic address: koka@waseda.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.affiliation: School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Japan. Electronic address: hanibuchi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanibuchi
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address: Takemi.Sugiyama@acu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Takemi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002958:City Planning; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004779:Environment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011793:Queensland; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014195:Travel; D016138:Walking
keywords: Neighborhood; Sitting time; Travel behavior; Urban design; Walking