title: Yield, Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of the Essential Oil of Sweet Basil and Holy Basil as Influenced by Distillation Methods.
abstract: The profile and bioactivity of essential oil (EO) depends on genetic, environmental, and other factors. We hypothesized that the basil EO may be influenced by the distillation methods. Hence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD) extraction method on the yield, composition, and bioactivity of EO of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) and holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum). In both basil species, the EO yield (content) was significantly higher from SD than from HD. There were significant differences in the compounds' concentrations of EO obtained from SD and HD as well, however, the same compounds were identified in the EO from HD and SD. In the EO of O. basilicum, the concentration of 74% of the identified compounds were higher in SD than HD, whereas in the EO of O. tenuiflorum, the concentration of 84% of identified compounds were higher in SD than in HD. However, the concentrations of two of the major compounds of O. basilicum EO (estragole and methyl cinnamate) and a major compound of O. tenuiflorum EO (methyl eugenol) were significantly higher in HD than in SD. The type of distillation did not affect the antioxidant capacity of basil EO within the species. This study demonstrated that the type of distillation may significantly affect oil yield and composition but not the antioxidant capacity of the EO from sweet and holy basil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.|Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiwakoti
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Saleh
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.|Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Shital
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poudyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Abdulssamad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barka
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.|Department of Plant Sciences, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA.
authors.forename: Valtcho D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Zheljazkov
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000032:analysis; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000032:analysis; D057168:Distillation / Q000379:methods*; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D018649:Ocimum basilicum / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013227:Steam; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D000975:Antioxidants; D002934:Cinnamates; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D013227:Steam; D014867:Water; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; C025385:methyl cinnamate; C007633:estragole
keywords: 
  Ocimum basilicum
  ; 
  Ocimum tenuiflorum
  ; Essential oil; Hydrodistillation; Steam distillation