title: The Influence of Anionic Initiator on the Selected Properties of Poly-N-Isopropyl Acrylamide Evaluated for Controlled Drug Delivery.
abstract: The aim of the study was to monitor the influence of increasing initiator concentrations on the properties of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (polyNIPA) nanoparticles obtained via surfactant free precipitation polymerization (SFPP). In all studied systems P-001 to P-1, the same amount of monomer was used, and increasing amounts of potassium persulphate (KPS). The course of each reaction was monitored by measuring the conductivity of the whole system. The resulting composition of products was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance within Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) measurements. The hydrodynamic diameters with polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) were measured in aqueous dispersions of the synthesized polymers in dynamic light scattering (DLS) device (λ = 678 nm), and were found to be for P-1: 20.33 nm (PDI = 0.49) and -7 mV, for P-05: 22.24 nm (PDI = 0.39) and -5 mV, for P-01: 50.14 nm (PDI = 0.49) and -3 mV, for P-005: 62.75 nm (PDI = 0.54) and -3 mV and for P-001: 509.4 nm (PDI = 0.61) and -12 mV at 18 °C, respectively. Initiator concentration affects the size and ZP of particles. The hydrodynamic diameter decreases with initiator concentration increase, whereas the time of the reaction decreases when the initiator concentration increases. This fact is reflected in the observed values of conductivity in the course of the performed reaction. Evaluated volume phase transition temperature in the range of 32 °C enables further research of the nanoparticles as thermosensitive drug carriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. agnieszka.gola@umed.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gola
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. tomekknysak06@interia.eu.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knysak
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Faculty, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland. witold.musial@umed.wroc.pl.
authors.forename: Witold
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Musial
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D044367:Phase Transition; D058105:Polymerization; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide; C009007:potassium persulfate
keywords: N-isopropyl acrylamide; electrical conductivity; nanospheres; volume phase transition temperature