title: Hippo Signaling in the Liver Regulates Organ Size, Cell Fate, and Carcinogenesis.
abstract: The Hippo signaling pathway, also known as the Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway, is a regulator of organ size. The pathway takes its name from the Drosophila protein kinase, Hippo (STK4/MST1 and STK3/MST2 in mammals), which, when inactivated, leads to considerable tissue overgrowth. In mammals, MST1 and MST2 negatively regulate the transcriptional co-activators yes-associated protein 1 and WW domain containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1/TAZ), which together regulate expression of genes that control proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Yes-associated protein 1 and TAZ activation have been associated with liver development, regeneration, and tumorigenesis. How their activity is dynamically regulated in these contexts is just beginning to be elucidated. We review the mechanisms of Hippo signaling in the liver and explore outstanding questions for future research.
authors.affiliation: The Stem Cell Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sachin H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: The Stem Cell Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Fernando D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: The Stem Cell Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: dean.yimlamai@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yimlamai
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism*; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism*; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D000090683:Hippo Signaling Pathway; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D009929:Organ Size; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091364:Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
chemical_list: D000217:Acyltransferases; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000090742:Serine-Threonine Kinase 3; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000091364:Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C551991:WWTR1 protein, human; C088374:YAP1 protein, human; C082332:macrophage stimulating protein; C108675:TAFAZZIN protein, human; C097835:STK3 protein, human; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
keywords: TAZ; WWTR1; YAP1; YES-Associated Protein