title: Retinoic acid for treatment of systemic sclerosis and morphea: A literature review.
abstract: Systemic sclerosis and morphea are connective tissue diseases characterized by tightening, thickening, and hardening of the skin, leading to significant morbidity. Unfortunately, current treatment options have limited efficacy for many patients. Cutaneous manifestations of these diseases arise from excess collagen deposition and fibrosis in the skin, through pathogenic mechanisms which have yet to be extensively detailed at the causal immune and cellular levels. Research elucidating the mechanism of action of retinoic acid on collagen production in the skin and case series highlighting the success of retinoic acid on the skin manifestations of systemic sclerosis and on morphea demonstrate its promise as a treatment. Herein they will briefly review the treatment options for both systemic sclerosis and morphea, and will discuss the potential of retinoic acid as a therapy and the supporting evidence from the literature, highlighting the previously published basic science and clinical studies investigating the role of retinoic acid in the treatment of sclerotic skin diseases.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095.
authors.forename: Renee M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Worswick
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aleshin
mesh_terms: D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D012594:Scleroderma, Localized / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D014212:Tretinoin
keywords: acitretin; etretinate; isotretinoin; localized scleroderma; morphea; retinoic acid; scleroderma; systemic sclerosis