title: Adoptive immunotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma: progress and possibilities.
abstract: Patients with glioblastoma have a very poor prognosis. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is defined as the collection of circulating or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, their selection, modification, expansion and activation, and their re-administration to patients in order to induce antitumor activity. Although various ACTs have been attempted, most failed to improve the outcome. Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies and T cell engineering with tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors suggest the emergence of a new era of immunotherapy. Here, we summarize approaches with ACTs using genetically modified T cells, which have been improved by enhancing their antitumor activity, and discuss strategies to develop these therapies. The mechanisms by which gliomas modulate and evade the immune system are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuramitsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamichi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiharu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ohka
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natsume
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D061025:Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins
keywords: T cell receptor gene-modified T cells; chimeric antigen receptor T cells; glioblastoma; immune modulators