title: Scavenger Receptor C Mediates Phagocytosis of White Spot Syndrome Virus and Restricts Virus Proliferation in Shrimp.
abstract: Scavenger receptors are an important class of pattern recognition receptors that play several important roles in host defense against pathogens. The class C scavenger receptors (SRCs) have only been identified in a few invertebrates, and their role in the immune response against viruses is seldom studied. In this study, we firstly identified an SRC from kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, designated MjSRC, which was significantly upregulated after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge at the mRNA and protein levels in hemocytes. The quantity of WSSV increased in shrimp after knockdown of MjSRC, compared with the controls. Furthermore, overexpression of MjSRC led to enhanced WSSV elimination via phagocytosis by hemocytes. Pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the interaction between MjSRC and the WSSV envelope protein. Electron microscopy observation indicated that the colloidal gold-labeled extracellular domain of MjSRC was located on the outer surface of WSSV. MjSRC formed a trimer and was internalized into the cytoplasm after WSSV challenge, and the internalization was strongly inhibited after knockdown of Mjβ-arrestin2. Further studies found that Mjβ-arrestin2 interacted with the intracellular domain of MjSRC and induced the internalization of WSSV in a clathrin-dependent manner. WSSV were co-localized with lysosomes in hemocytes and the WSSV quantity in shrimp increased after injection of lysosome inhibitor, chloroquine. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MjSRC recognized WSSV via its extracellular domain and invoked hemocyte phagocytosis to restrict WSSV systemic infection. This is the first study to report an SRC as a pattern recognition receptor promoting phagocytosis of a virus.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Chong
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Zhen
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jie-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Fan
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Xing
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0283-3930
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology; D051124:Scavenger Receptors, Class C / Q000276:immunology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D051124:Scavenger Receptors, Class C