title: Rapid identification of Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis laboratory strains by IS900-Nested polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis (MAP) causes paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in ruminants. As a species, M. avium comprises M. avium subsp. hominissuis and a number of clones that are known to have evolved from this subspecies, namely M. avium subsp. avium (MAA), M. avium subsp. silvaticum, and MAP. Despite the very high genomic similarity of MAP and MAA, the insertion sequence IS900, which is 1,451-bp long, is now understood to be exclusively present in 10-20 copies in the genome of MAP. In the present study, a multidiscipline polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based algorithm targeting16SrRNA, IS6110, IS901, IS1245, and IS900 markers has been employed to differentiate between six laboratory strains of M. avium complex (including MAP 316F, III&V, and 2e plus MAA D4), Mycobacterium tuberculosis DT, and Mycobacterium bovis AN5 strains used at the Razi Institute (Tehran, Iran) for the preparation of paratuberculin, avian, human, and bovine tuberculin, respectively.
  Three laboratory strains of III&V, 2e, and 316F were subcultured on Herrold's egg yolk medium, whereas the MAA strain of D4 along with M. bovis AN5 and M. tuberculosis DT were subcultured on Lowenstein-Jensen slopes. All the inoculated culture tubes were incubated for 8weeks at 37°C. Eventually, their genomic DNA was extracted according to the method of van Soolingen. Five individual PCRs were conducted on these templates to amplify 16SrRNA (genus-specific marker shared by all mycobacteria), IS900 (MAP-specific marker), IS901 (MAA-specific marker), IS1245 (M. avium complex (MAC)-specific marker), and IS6110 (M. tuberculosis complex (MTC)-specific marker) loci.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consequently, a 543-bp amplicon was amplified by all the six strains in PCR against 16SrRNA, an indication of their identity as members of Mycobacterium genus. A 245-bp fragment was detected in only IS6110-PCR with M. bovis AN5 as well as M. tuberculosis DT. In the IS1245 assessment, the MAA strain of D4 produced a 427-bp amplicon, whereas none of the other studied strains produced this amplicon. A 1,108-bp amplicon fragment of the IS901 marker was successfully produced by MAA strain, whereas no PCR product was achieved in amplification of all the three MAP strains. In IS900-nested PCR, the three MAP strains produced the expected 400-bp and 298-bp fragments CONCLUTION: However, no amplification was observed with other strains. Two main achievements of this work are the development of an efficient means of differentiation between the six Razi laboratory mycobacterial strains and characterization of the genomic profile of these strains, a capability that is vital when cross contamination is potentially an important concern.
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: m.taheri@rvsri.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mohammad
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Taheri
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mosavari
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Mehdi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Feizabadi
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Keyvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tadayon
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rouholah
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza Aref
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pajoohi
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kioomars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.affiliation: Bovine Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shojaat Dashti
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pour
keywords: IS900; IS901; M. bovis; Mycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Nested PCR; Tuberculin