title: I: Biomarker quantification in fish exposed to crude oil as input to species sensitivity distributions and threshold values for environmental monitoring.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine a suitable set of biomarker based methods for environmental monitoring in sub-arctic and temperate offshore areas using scientific knowledge on the sensitivity of fish species to dispersed crude oil. Threshold values for environmental monitoring and risk assessment were obtained based on a quantitative comparison of biomarker responses. Turbot, halibut, salmon and sprat were exposed for up to 8 weeks to five different sub-lethal concentrations of dispersed crude oil. Biomarkers assessing PAH metabolites, oxidative stress, detoxification system I activity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption, general cellular stress and histological changes were measured. Results showed that PAH metabolites, CYP1A/EROD, DNA adducts and histopathology rendered the most robust results across the different fish species, both in terms of sensitivity and dose-responsiveness. The reported results contributed to forming links between biomonitoring and risk assessment procedures by using biomarker species sensitivity distributions.
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: steinar.sanni@iris.no.
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanni
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Björkblom
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Brit F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Godal
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, ACES, Svante Arrhenius Väg 8, SE-11418 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liewenborg
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lyng
authors.affiliation: IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, P.O. Box 8046, N-4068, Stavanger, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Daniela M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pampanin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001110:Arctic Regions; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005412:Flatfishes / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010578:Petroleum; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1
keywords: Biomarker; Biomonitoring; Fish; Oil based discharge; Risk assessment; Species sensitivity distribution