title: Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery versus catheter-based device occlusion for atrial septal defects in adults: reconsideration of the standard of care.
abstract: Percutaneous ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD II) closure has become the standard of care for treatment of congenital ASD II in adults. Nevertheless, patients are frequently ineligible for this technique due to challenging morphology. In such cases, closure via minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is an appropriate treatment option. The aim of this study is to compare outcomes of MICS and use of a percutaneous Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) device for treatment of ASD II in adults.
  
  
  
  From July 2002 to June 2014, 95 patients underwent MICS for congenital ASD II closure. During the same period, 169 patients underwent ASO procedure. Outcomes in terms of remaining ASD II, new onset atrial fibrillation (AF), post-interventional stroke, myocardial infarction and the post procedural implementation of anticoagulation were compared.
  
  
  
  Apart from age (38.3 ± 12.7 vs 49.6 ± 15.7 years, P  < 0.0001) the groups did not differ in baseline characteristics. A significantly higher rate of residual ASD II was found in the ASO group at 3 months (0% vs 30.8%, P  < 0.0001), 6 months (0% vs 15.9%, P  < 0.0001) and 12 months follow-up (0% vs 7.1%, P  = 0.005). A significantly higher rate of new-onset AF was seen in the ASO group (0% vs 9.5%, P  = 0.0008).
  
  
  
  MICS for ASD II is a safe and reproducible procedure with 0% mortality in our cohort. More complete closure of ASD, decreased rates of new onset AF and decreased need for oral anticoagulation are the advantages of the MICS procedure. Compared with the current standard of care, the MICS approach is feasible regardless of ASD morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Schneeberger
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lenard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conradi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brickwedel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reichenspurner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozlik-Feldmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Detter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D059039:Standard of Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Atrial fibrillation; Atrial septal defect; Congenital heart disease; Minimally invasive surgery; Sinus venosus defect