title: Glycaemic control in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes: Population based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem in Sudan and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of glycaemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes across different cities in Sudan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with type 2 diabetes attending selected diabetes centres in Sudan, who had been on treatment for DM for at least one year and volunteered to participate were included. Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, sociodemographic and life style characteristics. Lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin were tested by calibrated laboratory methods. Blood pressure, Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured. Chi squared and logistic regression were used as statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 387 individuals with T2DM were included in this study (50.4% males and 49.6% females). The glycemic control indicator (HbAIc>7) was poor in 85% of patients. Factors associated with poor glycemic control were prolonged duration of diabetes (p=0.03), high plasma triglyceride (p=0.02), low high density lipoprotein (HDL) level (p=0.04) and low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (P=0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that low GFR is independent factor with poor diabetes control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes (85%) is noted in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan.
authors.forename: Sufian K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan.
authors.forename: Wadie M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Elmadhoun
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Nile Valley University, Atbara, Sudan.
authors.forename: Sarra O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Bushara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Ahmed O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Almobarak
authors.affiliation: Public and Tropical Health Program, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Reham S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.affiliation: Public and Tropical Health Program, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Sittana A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Forawi
authors.affiliation: Department of community medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Heitham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Awadallah
authors.affiliation: Public and Tropical Health Program, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.
authors.forename: Einas S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Elwali
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eaglestone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK. Electronic address: elziber@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Diabetes; Dyslipidemia; Khartoum; River Nile State; Sudan