title: Migraine affects 1 in 10 people worldwide featuring recent rise: A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies involving 6 million participants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the weighted average global prevalence of migraine at the community level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review using advanced search strategies employing PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted for community-based and non-clinical studies by combining the terms "migraine", "community-based", and names of every country worldwide spanning all previous years from January 1, 1920 until August 31, 2015. Methods were in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A meta-analysis with subgroup analysis was performed to identify pooled migraine prevalence and examine cohort heterogeneity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 302 community-based studies involving 6,216,995 participants (median age 35years, male-to-female ratio of 0.91) were included. Global migraine prevalence was 11.6% (95% CI 10.7-12.6%; random effects); 10.4% in Africa, 10.1% in Asia, 11.4% in Europe, 9.7% in North America, 16.4% in Central and South America. When the pooled cohort was stratified, the prevalence was 13.8% among females, 6.9% among males, 11.2% among urban residents, 8.4% among rural residents, and 12.4% among school/college students. Our result showed a pattern of rising global migraine prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migraine affects one in ten people worldwide featuring recent rise. Higher prevalence was found among females, students, and urban residents.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Headache and Facial Pain Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Electronic address: ywoldeam@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Yohannes W
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Woldeamanuel
authors.affiliation: Stanford Headache and Facial Pain Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 213 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cowan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa; D001208:Asia; D016206:Databases, Bibliographic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009656:North America; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors
keywords: Community-based studies; Epidemiology; Meta-analysis; Migraine; Prevalence; Systematic review