title: Heat shock induces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in human Achilles tendon tenocytes.
abstract: The aim of our study is to investigate the behaviour of healthy and tendinopathic human tenocytes after a heat shock. After we harvested tendinopathic and healthy human tendon samples, we split tenocytes into 4 groups: 3 groups were submitted to heat shock, followed by different periods of post-heating (2, 4 and 20 h). The other group represents our negative control. The target genes were analysed using Real Time PCR. IL-1β and IL-6 expression were significantly increased in tendinopathic samples after heat shock. COL1 and COL3 expression were increased in non-stimulated tendinopathic tenocytes, but their levels significantly decreased after heat shock (p less than 0.01). COL3 levels increase in healthy samples after 20 h post-heating (p less than 0.01). COL1 and COL3 decreased after heat shock as a sign of the failure of repair mechanisms in tendinopathic tendons. Heat shock in in vitro models was insufficient to trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines in healthy human tenocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Addona
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Somma
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Formisano
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Section of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, School of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Di Donato
authors.affiliation: Department of Musculoskeletal disorders, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.|Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, England
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maffulli
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000166:cytology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D000070916:Tenocytes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6