title: Development of simple and sensitive hydrogel based colorimetric sensor array for the real-time quantification of gaseous ammonia.
abstract: A real-time colorimetric sensor array (CSA) offers the advantages of diversity and accuracy for the quantification of multiple analytes; however, traditional sensors require a complex fabrication process. Therefore, to take full advantage of this sensing platform, we have developed a simple CSA system composed of a polymer, a reducing agent, and different pH indicators. Distinctive color response patterns were classified by extracting the hidden information, (i.e., red, green, and blue (RGB) values) from the indicators. This triple-channel sensing platform is further applied for statistical analysis, to quantify different concentrations of ammonia and other analytes. The sensor array showed a limit of detection of 0.3ppm, which is well below the diagnostic criteria for ammonia concentration in the breath of healthy individuals and of patients with end-stage renal disease. As this sensor would be able to quantify gaseous ammonia in the breath, it is relevant to the point-of-care diagnosis of patients with renal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sanduru Thamarai
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gi l, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kuk Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Statistics, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Namhyoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Buddolla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Viswanath
authors.affiliation: Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: samkim@gachon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sanghyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 440-146, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jhahn1us@skku.edu.
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003124:Colorimetry; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D025341:Principal Component Analysis
chemical_list: D005740:Gases; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D000641:Ammonia
keywords: Ammonia; Breath; Detection; Limit of detection; Real-time colorimetric sensor array