title: The more you lose the more you miss: accuracy of postpartum blood loss visual estimation. A systematic review of the literature.
abstract: Midwives and nurses have a key role in monitoring postpartum period. They represent the first line professional figure in quantifying blood loss, initiating early diagnosis of obstetric hemorrhage, and mobilizing a team response, if needed. These actions are crucial in determining maternal outcome in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). In our review we aimed to: (1) Provide a picture of PPH including its pathophysiology, epidemiology, and associated complications; (2) Discuss diagnosis of this dangerous postpartum event; and, (3) Especially evaluate the efficiency of the employment of visual blood loss estimation as a rapid way to suspect PPH and activate the patient assessment.
authors.affiliation: a School of Nursing , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Mariateresa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natrella
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Naro
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loverro
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors.forename: Neta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Benshalom-Tirosh
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Ospedale Macedonio Melloni, University of Milano , Milano , Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Trojano
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tirosh
authors.affiliation: c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Soroka University Medical Center, School of Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev , Beer Sheva , Israel.
authors.forename: Limor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Besser
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Loverro
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico di Bari, School of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" , Bari , Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore Andrea
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mastrolia
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy
keywords: Third stage of labor; midwifery education; obstetric complication; postpartum care