title: Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties of Xao Tam Phan (Paramignya trimera) Root Extract and Its Fractions.
abstract: Xao tam phan (Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum) has been used as a medicinal plant for cancer prevention and treatment in recent years. The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of crude P. trimera root (PTR) extract and its fractions using MeOH as a solvent and microwave-assisted extraction as an advanced technique for preparation of the PTR extract. The results showed that the PTR extract had high contents of saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins (7731.05 mg escin equiv. (EE), 238.13 mg gallic acid equiv. (GAE), 81.49 mg rutin equiv., and 58.08 mg catechin equiv. (CE)/g dried extract, resp.). Antioxidant activity of PTR extract was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of four its fractions and ostruthin, a key bioactive compound in the P. trimera, while potent cytotoxic capacity of PTR extract on various cancer cell lines in terms of MiaPaCa-2 (pancreas), HT29 (colon), A2780 (ovarian), H460 (lung), A431 (skin), Du145 (prostate), BE2-C (neuroblastoma), MCF-7 (breast), MCF-10A (normal breast), and U87, SJ-G2, SMA (glioblastoma) was observed with GI50values ranging from 15 to 32 μg/ml. Cytotoxic potential on pancreatic cancer cells of PTR extract (100 - 200 μg/ml) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of its four fractions (50 μg/ml), ostruthin (20 μg/ml) and gemcitabine (50 nm), and being comparable to a saponin-enriched extract from quillajia bark, a commercial product. Based on the results achieved, we can conclude that the PTR extract is a potential source for application of in the nutraceutical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.|Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, Nha Trang University, No. 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, 8458, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Van Tang
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennette A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sakoff
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Scarlett
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D005419:Flavonoids; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012503:Saponins
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins
keywords: 
  Paramignya trimera
  ; Antioxidant; Cytotoxic activities; Physicochemical; Xao tam phan