title: Sleep characteristics and cognitive impairment in the general population: The HypnoLaus study.
abstract: To assess the association between sleep structure and cognitive impairment in the general population.
  
  
  
  Data stemmed from 580 participants aged >65 years of the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study (Lausanne, Switzerland) who underwent complete sleep evaluation (HypnoLaus). Evaluations included demographic characteristics, personal and treatment history, sleep complaints and habits (using validated questionnaires), and a complete polysomnography at home. Cognitive function was evaluated using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and a questionnaire on the participant's everyday activities. Participants with cognitive impairment (global Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale score > 0) were compared with participants with no cognitive impairment (global CDR score = 0).
  
  
  
  The 291 participants with a CDR score > 0 (72.5 ± 4.6 years), compared to the 289 controls with CDR = 0 (72.1 ± 4.6 years), had significantly more light (stage N1) and less deep (stage N3) and REM sleep, as well as lower sleep efficiency, higher intrasleep wake, and higher sleepiness scores (all p < 0.05). Sleep-disordered breathing was more severe in participants with cognitive impairment with an apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) of 18.0 (7.8-35.5)/h (p50 [p25-p75]) (vs 12.9 [7.2-24.5]/h, p < 0.001), and higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI). In the multivariate analysis after adjustments for confounding variables, the AHI and the ODI ≥4% and ≥6% were independently associated with cognitive impairment.
  
  
  
  Participants aged >65 years with cognitive impairment have higher sleepiness scores and a more disrupted sleep. This seems to be related to the occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing and the associated intermittent hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland. jose.haba-rubio@chuv.ch julius.popp@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haba-Rubio
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marti-Soler
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tobback
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andries
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marques-Vidal
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Waeber
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vollenweider
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Gunten
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Preisig
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tafti
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heinzer
authors.affiliation: From the Center for Investigation and Research in Sleep (J.H.-R., N.T., D.A., M.T., R.H.), Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (H.M.-S), Department of Medicine, Service of Internal Medicine (P.M.-V., G.W., P.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Service of Old-Age Psychiatry (A.v.G., J.P.), Department of Psychiatry (M.P., E.C.), Center for Integrative Genomics (M.T.), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, and Leenaards Memory Center (J.P.), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland. jose.haba-rubio@chuv.ch julius.popp@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Popp
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017286:Polysomnography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013557:Switzerland