title: Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity and Type II Diabetes: Myokines, Adipokines and Hepatokines.
abstract: Obesity and type II diabetes are characterized by insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. A high caloric intake combined with a sedentary lifestyle is the leading cause of these conditions. Whole-body insulin resistance and its improvement are the result of the combined actions of each insulin-sensitive organ. Among the fundamental molecular mechanisms by which each organ is able to communicate and engage in cross-talk are cytokines or peptides which stem from secretory organs. Recently, it was reported that several cytokines or peptides are secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines) and liver (hepatokines) in response to certain nutrition and/or physical activity conditions. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The present review is focused on the relationship and cross-talk amongst muscle, adipose tissue and the liver as secretory organs in metabolic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. kjoh80@kribb.re.kr.|Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea. kjoh80@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kyoung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. dasom89@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Da Som
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. wkkim@kribb.re.kr.|Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea. wkkim@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Won Kon
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. bshan@kribb.re.kr.|Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea. bshan@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Baek Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. lesach@kribb.re.kr.|Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea. lesach@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sang Chul
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea. khbae@kribb.re.kr.|Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Korea. khbae@kribb.re.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D054392:Adipokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines
keywords: adipokines; hepatokines; myokines; obesity; type II diabetes