title: Measurement Properties of the Persian Translated Version of Graves Orbitopathy Quality of Life Questionnaire: A Validation Study.
abstract: To determine the measurement properties of the Persian language version of the Graves orbitopathy quality of life questionnaire (GO-QOL).
  
  
  
  Following a systematic translation and cultural adaptation process, 141 consecutive unselected thyroid eye disease (TED) patients answered the Persian GO-QOL and underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The questionnaire was again completed by 60 patients on the second visit, 2-4 weeks later. Construct validity (cross-cultural validity, structural validity and hypotheses testing), reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), and floor and ceiling effects of the Persian version of the GO-QOL were evaluated. Furthermore, Rasch analysis was used to assess its psychometric properties.
  
  
  
  Cross-cultural validity was established by back-translation techniques, committee review and pretesting techniques. Bi-dimensionality of the questionnaire was confirmed by factor analysis. Construct validity was also supported through confirmation of 6 out of 8 predefined hypotheses. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were 0.650 and 0.859 for visual functioning and 0.875 and 0.896 for appearance subscale, respectively. Mean quality of life (QOL) scores for visual functioning and appearance were 78.18 (standard deviation, SD, 21.57) and 56.25 (SD 26.87), respectively. Person reliabilities from the Rasch rating scale model for both visual functioning and appearance revealed an acceptable internal consistency for the Persian GO-QOL.
  
  
  
  The Persian GO-QOL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool with good psychometric properties in evaluation of Persian-speaking patients with TED. Applying Rasch analysis to future versions of the GO-QOL is recommended in order to perform tests for linearity between the estimated item measures in different versions.
authors.affiliation: a Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen Bahmani
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kashkouli
authors.affiliation: a Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: a Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohamadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aghamirsalim
authors.affiliation: a Eye Research Center, Rassoul Akram Hospital , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Bagher
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Abtahi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nojomi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Endocrinology , Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shahrad-Bejestani
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salehi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Graves’ ophthalmopathy; Rasch analysis; quality of life; questionnaires; reliability; validation study; validity