title: The Prevalence of Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency in Meniere Disease: 24-Month Follow-up after Angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate relationship between Meniere disease (MD) and chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) using ultrasound, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and venography and to evaluate the effectiveness of angioplasty of the internal jugular vein (IJV) and azygos vein (AV) in reducing symptoms of MD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of MD unresponsive to standard treatment underwent duplex ultrasound and MR imaging to diagnose CCSVI. Healthy volunteers were also studied to evaluate CCSVI in asymptomatic subjects. Patients with CCSVI and MD underwent venography and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of IJV and AV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 182 patients with no clinical benefit from standard treatments evaluated. CCSVI was diagnosed in 175 (87.5%) patients with MD. Venography was performed in 69 patients to confirm the diagnosis of CCSVI. In 80% of these patients, PTA of the IJV and/or AV was effective for treating signs and symptoms of MD. In the healthy cohort, CCSVI was observed in only 12% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest a possible etiologic relationship between CCSVI and MD that warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Division, Gepos Clinic Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy. Electronic address: dottaldobruno@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.affiliation: Hematology Unit, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marisanta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.affiliation: Departmental Unit of Audiology and Phoniatrics, A.O. G. Rummo [G. Rummo Hospital Group], Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Califano
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Department, Umberto I Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Attanasio
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, Gepos Clinic Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giugliano
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pier Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Cavazzuti
authors.affiliation: Sense Organs Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viccaro
authors.affiliation: Sense Organs Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Masci
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Division, Gepos Clinic Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mastrangelo
authors.affiliation: Departmental Unit of Audiology and Phoniatrics, A.O. G. Rummo [G. Rummo Hospital Group], Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salafia
authors.affiliation: Departmental Unit of Audiology and Phoniatrics, A.O. G. Rummo [G. Rummo Hospital Group], Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazzone
authors.affiliation: Vascular Surgery Division, Gepos Clinic Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Benedetto
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bernardo
authors.affiliation: Sense Organs Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cagnoni
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Department, Umberto I Polyclinic, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Filipo
authors.affiliation: Sense Organs Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Vincentis
authors.affiliation: Sense Organs Department, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*