title: Impact of gender in early structural changes of contrast induced nephropathy in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a major iatrogenic cause of acute kidney injury. Experimental studies have shown that intravascular injection causes intense vacuolization of the contrast agent in the proximal renal tubules cells, preceding the increase in serum creatinine, and that the female may be at a higher risk for CIN.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the early kidney histomorphometric changes in contrast-induced nephropathy according to the gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty previously uninephrectomized Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 5): control males; control females; contrast exposed males; and contrast exposed females. The animals were sacrificed immediately after contrast administration and kidney tissue samples were collected for histomorphometric analysis. The research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine of Universidade Federal Fluminense.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a more intense presence of microvacuoles in proximal tubules in the rats exposed to contrast than in the control groups. Such proximal tubular vacuolation was more intensive in the female rats (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proximal tubular vacuolation is a very early change in CIN and is more intensive in female than in male rats.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Carraro-Eduardo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana Franco Ferraz
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Santino
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heloisa Werneck de
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil.
authors.forename: Licínio Esmeraldo da
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media