title: Shared decision making with frail older patients: Proposed teaching framework and practice recommendations.
abstract: This study has two aims: The first aim is to identify core competencies for shared decision making (SDM) with frail older persons, and the second is to determine key elements of a teaching framework, based on the authors' recently developed model for SDM with older patients who are frail. To this end the authors conducted a qualitative inquiry among health professionals (n = 53) and older patients who are frail (n = 16). Participants formulated core competencies and educational needs for SDM with older patients who are frail, which were further explored in the literature. This resulted in practice recommendations and a teaching framework with the following key elements: create a knowledge base for all health professionals, offer practical training, facilitate communication, identify discussion partners, engage patients, and collaborate. The authors' teaching framework for SDM with older patients who are frail may be useful for clinicians, educators, and researchers who aim to promote SDM with older patients who are frail.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Primary and Community Care , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marjolein H J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0977-7954
authors.initials: MHJ
authors.lastname: van de Pol
authors.affiliation: b Learning Research and Education , Radboudumc Health Academy Nijmegen , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cornelia R M G
authors.initials: CRMG
authors.lastname: Fluit
authors.affiliation: c Department of Internal Medicine , Haga Teaching Hospital , The Hague , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Primary and Community Care , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Slaats
authors.affiliation: d Department of Geriatrics , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel G M
authors.initials: MGM
authors.lastname: Olde Rikkert
authors.affiliation: a Department of Primary and Community Care , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antoine L M
authors.initials: ALM
authors.lastname: Lagro-Janssen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003657:Decision Making; D004493:Education / Q000379:methods; D016330:Frail Elderly; D000073496:Frailty / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000193:education*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations
keywords: Shared decision making; geriatrics education; teaching framework