title: Nonlinear characterization of GeSbS chalcogenide glass waveguides.
abstract: GeSbS ridge waveguides have recently been demonstrated as a promising mid - infrared platform for integrated waveguide - based chemical sensing and photodetection. To date, their nonlinear optical properties remain relatively unexplored. In this paper, we characterize the nonlinear optical properties of GeSbS glasses, and show negligible nonlinear losses at 1.55 μm. Using self - phase modulation experiments, we characterize a waveguide nonlinear parameter of 7 W-1/m and nonlinear refractive index of 3.71 × 10-18m2/W. GeSbS waveguides are used to generate supercontinuum from 1280 nm to 2120 nm at the -30 dB level. The spectrum expands along the red shifted side of the spectrum faster than on the blue shifted side, facilitated by cascaded stimulated Raman scattering arising from the large Raman gain of chalcogenides. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic measurements show that these glasses are optically transparent up to 25 μm, making them useful for short - wave to long - wave infrared applications in both linear and nonlinear optics.
authors.affiliation: Photonics Devices and System Group, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd. Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ju Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaohong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Photonics Devices and System Group, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd. Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Byoung-Uk
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Photonics Devices and System Group, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd. Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: George F R
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA.
authors.forename: Charmayne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Lionel C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kimerling
authors.affiliation: College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA.
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.|Materials Processing Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Anuradha M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.affiliation: Photonics Devices and System Group, Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Rd. Singapore, 487372, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dawn T H
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tan