title: Calorie restriction prevents the development of insulin resistance and impaired lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has long-lasting influence on offspring, which is associated with increased risks of insulin resistance, obesity, and type II diabetes mellitus. Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most common and available nutritional interventions to prevent obesity and diabetes. We are trying to explore the effect of CR on GDM offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  The streptozotocin was used to stimulate C57BL/6J mice to develop GDM, a number of metabolic characteristics and related protein expressions were determined in GDM offspring that were fed ad-libitum or treated with calorie restriction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CR reduced body weight and glucose levels in GDM offspring. CR modulated the lipid metabolism by decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels in plasma. We also found that the effect of CR on insulin sensitivity may involve in signaling pathway through the regulations of phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and protein kinase B (Akt).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GDM is a high risk factor for GDM offspring to develop insulin resistance, while CR could ameliorate this adverse outcome. Moreover, the specific decrease in PTEN activation and increase in Akt phosphorylation in livers of GDM offspring with CR improved insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Inspection and Quarantine Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Keyang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Li-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Long
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Wei
authors.initials: QW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Chuan-Lai
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Anhui Medical University School of Public Health, Anhui, China.
authors.forename: Li-Juan
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids