title: The influence of INS VNTR class III allele on auxological parameters, glucose, insulin, lipids, and adipocytokines secretion in prepubertal children born small for gestational age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The insulin gene variable number of tandem repeats (INS VNTR) class III allele has been implicated in lower birth weight, obesity, and insulin resistance. We assessed its influence on birth weight in the Polish population and on the current body mass and metabolic profile in prepubertal children born small for gestational age (SGA).
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA for genotyping of INS VNTR was available for 123 subjects born SGA and 132 born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). We identified two alleles: class I and class III. Next, in 112 prepubertal (aged: 6.8 ± 1.38 years) SGA children, the auxological measurements, fasting serum C-peptide, triglycerides, cholesterol, ghrelin, leptin, adiponectin, resistin, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) concentrations, as well as glucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), were assessed and insulin resistance indices were calculated. The results were analysed depending on INS VNTR variants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of individual INS VNTR variants were similar in the SGA and AGA groups. In prepubertal SGA children, we did not observe any statistical differences as regards birth weight, body mass, lipids, or adipocytokine concentrations among I/I, I/III, and III/III class groups. The concentration of insulin in 120' of OGTT was significantly higher in class III homozygous than in class I homozygous individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variant INS VNTR class III was shown not to be associated in any essential way with birth weight in the Polish population. Among prepubertal SGA children, the presence of INS VNTR class III is related to higher insulin secretion during OGTT. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (6): 585-591).
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stawerska
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szałapska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borowiec
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Antosik
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Młynarski
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland. alewin@csk.umed.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewiński
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000483:Alleles; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D018598:Minisatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: INS VNTR; adipocytokines; children; insulin resistance; obesity; small for gestational age