title: Vascular Contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Treatments with Traditional Chinese Medicine.
abstract: The prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease is likely to increase with the global aging population. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) is a wide spectrum term used to include a diverse heterogeneous group of cognitive syndromes with vascular factors regardless of the cause of pathogenesis. VCID ranges from mild cognitive impairment to full-blown dementia with vascular dementia (VaD) as the most severe stage. It is further complexed by the coexistence of other forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent researches in the functions of the neurovascular unit (NVU) suggest that dysfunction of the NVU might be the cause of primary vascular events in the brain that leads to further neurodegeneration. In this review, we have briefly summarized various forms of VCID. There is currently no standard therapy for VCID or dementia. Given the fact that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gained popularity worldwide, we also reviewed recent scientific and clinical findings on various antidementia TCM for the treatment of VCID, includingSalvia miltiorrhiza, Huperzia serrata, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng,and also TCM formula Sailuotong capsule (SLT) and Fufangdanshen tablets (FFDS).
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Guangdong, Zhuhai, China.
authors.forename: Guozhen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Hisa Hui Ling
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Simon Ming-Yuen
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: George Pak Heng
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Department of Food and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Shun Wan
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8238-798X
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Yiu Wa
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9024-1275
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
authors.forename: Maggie Pui Man
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2630-3707
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hoi