title: Brain signaling systems in the Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: promising target to treat and prevent these diseases.
abstract: The changes in the brain signaling systems play an important role in etiology and pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS), being a possible cause of these diseases. Therefore, their restoration at the early stages of T2DM and MS can be regarded as a promising way to treat and prevent these diseases and their complications. The data on the functional state of the brain signaling systems regulated by insulin, IGF-1, leptin, dopamine, serotonin, melanocortins and glucagon-like peptide-1, in T2DM and MS, are analyzed. The pharmacological approaches to restoration of these systems and improvement of insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, lipid metabolism, and to prevent diabetic complications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology & Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology & Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Shpakov
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology & Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology & Neurochemistry, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, 194223, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Kira V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Derkach
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oncoendocrinology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Oncoendocrinology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Lev M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Berstein
keywords: brain; bromocryptine; diabetes mellitus; insulin; leptin; melanocortin; metabolic syndrome; neurodegeneration; signaling systems; treatment