title: The emetic activity of staphylococcal enterotoxins, SEK, SEL, SEM, SEN and SEO in a small emetic animal model, the house musk shrew.
abstract: Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus are the most recognizable causative agents of emetic food poisoning in humans. New types of SEs and SE-like (SEl) toxins have been reported. Several epidemiological investigations have shown that the SEs and SEl genes, particularly, SEK, SEL, SEM, SEN and SEO genes, are frequently detected in strains isolated from patients with food poisoning. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the emetic activity of recently identified SEs using a small emetic animal model, the house musk shrew. The emetic activity of these SEs in house musk shrews was evaluated by intraperitoneal administration and emetic responses, including the number of shrews that vomited, emetic frequency and latency of vomiting were documented. It was found that SEs induce emetic responses in these animals. This is the first time to demonstrate that SEK, SEL, SEM, SEN and SEO possess emetic activity in the house musk shrew.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562.|Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, 35-1 Higashi-23-ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628.
authors.forename: Hisaya K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562.
authors.forename: Shouhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550.
authors.forename: Ikunori
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato'o
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562.
authors.forename: Krisana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, 35-1 Higashi-23-ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628.
authors.forename: Dong-Liang
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550.
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Omoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakane
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004639:Emetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D012788:Shrews; D013202:Staphylococcal Food Poisoning / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004639:Emetics; D004768:Enterotoxins
keywords: emetic animal model; house musk shrew; staphylococcal enterotoxins