title: Long-term effects of aided phytostabilisation on microbial communities of metal-contaminated mine soil.
abstract: Aided phytostabilisation uses metal-tolerant plants, together with organic or inorganic amendments, to reduce metal bioavailability in soil while improving soil quality. The long-term effects of the following organic amendments were examined as part of an aided phytostabilisation field study in an abandoned Pb/Zn mining area: cow slurry, sheep manure and paper mill sludge mixed with poultry manure. In the mining area, two heavily contaminated vegetated sites, showing different levels of soil metal contamination (LESS and MORE contaminated site), were selected for this study. Five years after amendment application, metal bioavailability (CaCl2extractability) along with a variety of indicators of soil microbial activity, biomass and diversity were analysed. Paper mill sludge mixed with poultry manure treatment resulted in the highest reduction of Cd, Pb and Zn bioavailability, as well as in stimulation of soil microbial activity and diversity, especially at the LESS contaminated site. In contrast, cow slurry was the least successful treatment. Our results emphasise the importance of the (i) long-term monitoring of soil quality at sites subjected to aided phytostabilisation and (ii) selection of the most efficient amendments and plants in terms of both reduction of metal bioavailability and improvement of soil quality.
authors.affiliation: BIOFISIKA Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Olatz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Garaiyurrebaso
authors.affiliation: NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbisu
authors.affiliation: NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lanzén
authors.affiliation: NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Iker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Conservation of Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, Berreaga 1, 48160 Derio, Spain.
authors.forename: Lur
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Epelde
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Becerril
authors.affiliation: Julius Kuühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jechalke
authors.affiliation: Julius Kuühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Kornelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smalla
authors.affiliation: Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Life Sciences and Technology, Seestraße 64, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grohmann
authors.affiliation: BIOFISIKA Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain itzi.alkorta@ehu.es.
authors.forename: Itziar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alkorta
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods*; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D008906:Mining; D010209:Paper; D010944:Plants; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D008670:Metals; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: metal pollution; microbial indicators; organic amendments; phytoremediation; soil health