title: Interaction of primary human trabecular meshwork cells with metal alloy candidates for microinvasive glaucoma surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is a relatively new addition to the glaucoma treatment paradigm. Small metallic stents are inserted into the trabecular meshwork in order to increase aqueous humour drainage. MIGS procedures are rapidly being adopted owing to a more favourable side effect profile when compared with traditional surgery. Remarkably, this rapid rate of utilization has occurred without any published studies on the effect of metal alloys used in these stents on human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of candidate metal alloys for MIGS on HTMC morphology, viability and function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human trabecular meshwork cells were cultured on the surfaces of titanium (polished and sandblasted), a titanium-nickel (nitinol) alloy and glass (as control substratum). Fluorescence imaging was used to assess cell morphology and spreading. A lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay, cell death detection ELISA, MTT cell viability assay, BrdU cell proliferation assay and fibronectin ELISA were also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cells cultured on sandblasted titanium exhibited significantly greater spreading than cells cultured on other substrata. In comparison, HTMCs cultured on nitinol displayed poor spreading. Significantly more cell death, by both necrosis and apoptosis, occurred on nitinol than on titanium and glass. Also, cell viability and proliferation were suppressed on nitinol compared with titanium or glass. Finally, HTMCs on both titanium and nitinol produced greater amounts of fibronectin than cells grown on glass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substratum topography and metal alloy composition were found to impact morphology, viability and function of primary HTMC cultures.
authors.affiliation: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Wan Wendy
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Kelsey A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.|Schulich Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S Jeffrey
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Schulich Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amin S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rizkalla
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.|Ivey Eye Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Cindy Ml
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hutnik
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003124:Colorimetry; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018463:Filtering Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys
keywords: alloy; glaucoma; stent; trabecular meshwork