title: Bacterial biodegradation of neonicotinoid pesticides in soil and water systems.
abstract: Neonicotinoids are neurotoxic systemic insecticides used in plant protection worldwide. Unfortunately, application of neonicotinoids affects both beneficial and target insects indiscriminately. Being water soluble and persistent, these pesticides are capable of disrupting both food chains and biogeochemical cycles. This review focuses on the biodegradation of neonicotinoids in soil and water systems by the bacterial community. Several bacterial strains have been isolated and identified as capable of transforming neonicotinoids in the presence of an additional carbon source. Environmental parameters have been established for accelerated transformation in some of these strains. Studies have also indicated that enhanced biotransformation of these pesticides can be accomplished by mixed microbial populations under optimised environmental conditions. Substantial research into the identification of neonicotinoid-mineralising bacterial strains and identification of the genes and enzymes responsible for neonicotinoid degradation is still required to complete the understanding of microbial biodegradation pathways, and advance bioremediation efforts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.|CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarfraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia carol.hartley@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Madhura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shettigar
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids / Q000378:metabolism; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006573:Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009498:Neurotoxins; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C082359:imidacloprid; C464485:acetamiprid
keywords: acetamiprid; bacteria; biotransformation; imidacloprid; pesticides