title: Biocarriers Improve Bioaugmentation Efficiency of a Rapid Sand Filter for the Treatment of 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide-Contaminated Drinking Water.
abstract: Aminobacter sp. MSH1 immobilized in an alginate matrix in porous stones was tested in a pilot system as an alternative inoculation strategy to the use of free suspended cells for biological removal of micropollutant concentrations of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). BAM removal rates and MSH1 cell numbers were recorded during operation and assessed with specific BAM degradation rates obtained in lab conditions using either freshly grown cells or starved cells to explain reactor performance. Both reactors inoculated with either suspended or immobilized cells showed immediate BAM removal under the threshold of 0.1 μg/L, but the duration of sufficient BAM removal was 2-fold (44 days) longer for immobilized cells. The longer sufficient BAM removal in case of immobilized cells compared to suspended cells was mainly explained by a lower initial loss of MSH1 cells at operational start due to volume replacement and shear. Overall loss of activity in the reactors though was due to starvation, and final removal rates did not differ between reactors inoculated with immobilized and suspended cells. Management of assimilable organic carbon, in addition to cell immobilization, appears crucial for guaranteeing long-term BAM degradation activity of MSH1 in DWTP units.
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6980-3715
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Horemans
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandermaesen
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Yanti
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Simanjuntak
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brocatus
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: T'Syen
authors.affiliation: De Watergroep , Vooruitgangstraat 189, 1030 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Degryse
authors.affiliation: De Watergroep , Vooruitgangstraat 189, 1030 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.affiliation: Bioclear , Rozenburglaan 13, 9727 DL Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janneke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wittebol
authors.affiliation: Josef Stefan Institute , Jamova 49, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.|National Research Saratov State University , Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lapanje
authors.affiliation: Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland , Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sebastian R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Division of Soil and Water Management, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Springael
mesh_terms: D060766:Drinking Water; D059127:Phyllobacteriaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014876:Water Pollution; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water; D012822:Silicon Dioxide