title: Editor's Highlight: Prospective Analyses of Volatile Organic Compounds in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.
abstract: Various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to be toxic. Although exhaled VOC patterns change in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, individual VOC profiles are not fully determined. The primary outcome was VOC characterizations; secondary outcomes included their relationships with sleep and clinical parameters in OSA patients. We prospectively examined 32 OSA patients with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15 by full polysomnography, and 33 age- and sex-matched controls without obvious OSA symptoms. Nine severe OSA patients were examined before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. By applying a method which eliminates environmental VOC influences, exhaled VOCs were identified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry, and their concentrations were determined by GC. Exhaled aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations (toluene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, and phenylacetic acid) in the severe OSA groups (AHI ≥ 30) and exhaled saturated hydrocarbon concentrations (hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane) in the most severe OSA group (AHI ≥ 60) were higher than those in the control group. Exhaled isoprene concentrations were increased in all OSA groups (AHI ≥ 15); acetone concentration was increased in the most severe OSA group. Ethylbenzene, p-xylene, phenylacetic acid, and nonane concentrations were increased according to OSA severity, and correlated with AHI, arousal index, and duration of percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 90%. Multiple regression analyses revealed these 4 VOC levels were associated with the duration of SpO2 ≤ 90%. Isoprene and acetone decreased after CPAP treatment. OSA increased some toxic VOCs, and some correlated with OSA severity. CPAP treatment possibly ameliorates these productions.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.affiliation: Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Naofumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneshige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomomatsu
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguma
authors.affiliation: Ogino Memorial Laboratory, Nihon Kohden Corporation, Shinjuku, Tokyo 161-8560, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tokai University, Shonan, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Magatani
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Nishikamata, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D045853:Exhalation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: exhaled breath; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry.; obstructive sleep apnea; volatile organic compounds