title: Motile-Cilia-Mediated Flow Improves Sensitivity and Temporal Resolution of Olfactory Computations.
abstract: Motile cilia are actively beating hair-like structures that cover the surface of multiple epithelia. The flow that ciliary beating generates is utilized for diverse functions and depends on the spatial location and biophysical properties of cilia. Here we show that the motile cilia in the nose of aquatic vertebrates are spatially organized and stably beat with an asymmetric pattern, resulting in a robust and stereotypical flow around the nose. Our results demonstrate that these flow fields attract odors to the nose pit and facilitate detection of odors by the olfactory system in stagnant environments. Moreover, we show that ciliary beating quickly exchanges the content of the nose, thereby improving the temporal resolution of the olfactory system for detecting dynamic changes of odor plumes in turbulent environments. Altogether, our work unravels a central function of ciliary beating for generating flow fields that increase the sensitivity and the temporal resolution of olfactory computations in the vertebrate brain.
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Reiten
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fazil Emre
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Uslu
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fore
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Robbrecht
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pelgrims
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ringers
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; NERF, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz Verdugo
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Maximillian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Mechanical Engineering Department, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kerem
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pekkan
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: emre.yaksi@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Emre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yaksi
authors.affiliation: Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Center for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, NTNU, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: nathalie.jurisch-yaksi@ntnu.no.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jurisch-Yaksi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology*; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012903:Smell; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000502:physiology*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
keywords: cilia; flow fields; fluid dynamics; motile cilia; multiciliated cells; olfactory coding; olfactory system; salmon; zebrafish