title: Entire nucleotide sequences of Gossypium raimondii and G. arboreum mitochondrial genomes revealed A-genome species as cytoplasmic donor of the allotetraploid species.
abstract: Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is commonly grouped into eight diploid genomic groups, designated A-G and K, and an allotetraploid genomic group, AD. Gossypium raimondii (D5) and G. arboreum (A2) are the putative contributors to the progenitor of G. hirsutum (AD1), the economically important fibre-producing cotton species. Mitochondrial DNA from week-old etiolated seedlings was extracted from isolated organelles using discontinuous sucrose density gradient method. Mitochondrial genomes were sequenced, assembled, annotated and analysed in orderly. Gossypium raimondii (D5) and G. arboreum (A2) mitochondrial genomes were provided in this study. The mitochondrial genomes of two diploid species harboured circular genome of 643,914 bp (D5) and 687,482 bp (A2), respectively. They differ in size and number of repeat sequences, both contain illuminating triplicate sequences with 7317 and 10,246 bp, respectively, demonstrating dynamic difference and rearranged genome organisations. Comparing the D5and A2mitogenomes with mitogenomes of tetraploid Gossypium species (AD1, G. hirsutum; AD2, G. barbadense), a shared 11 kbp fragment loss was detected in allotetraploid species, three regions shared by G. arboreum (A2), G. hirsutum (AD1) and G. barbadense (AD2), while eight regions were specific to G. raimondii (D5). The presence/absence variations and gene-based phylogeny supported that A-genome is a cytoplasmic donor to the progenitor of allotetraploid species G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. The results present structure variations and phylogeny of Gossypium mitochondrial genome evolution.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grover
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hua
mesh_terms: D005075:Biological Evolution; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004171:Diploidy; D014644:Genetic Variation; D054629:Genome, Mitochondrial; D018745:Genome, Plant; D003368:Gossypium / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D057891:Tetraploidy
keywords: Comparative genomics; Gossypium mitochondrial genome; phylogenetic analysis; unique regions