title: A test-retest reliability analysis of diffusion measures of white matter tracts relevant for cognitive control.
abstract: Recent efforts to replicate structural brain-behavior correlations have called into question the replicability of structural brain measures used in cognitive neuroscience. Here, we report an evaluation of test-retest reliability of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, including fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity, in several white matter tracts previously shown to be involved in cognitive control. In a data set consisting of 34 healthy participants scanned twice on a single day, we observe overall stability of DTI measures. This stability remained in a subset of participants who were also scanned a third time on the same day as well as in a 2-week follow-up session. We conclude that DTI measures in these tracts show relative stability, and that alternative explanations for the recent failures of replication must be considered.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boekel
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: B U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Forstmann
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Brain & Cognition Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Keuken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D056324:Diffusion Tensor Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D066127:White Matter / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive control; DTI; Diffusion tensor imaging; Test-retest reliability