title: Addition of docetaxel and/or zoledronic acid to standard of care for hormone-naive prostate cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effectiveness of the addition of docetaxel and/or zoledronic acid to the standard of care (SOC) for hormone-naive prostate cancer has been evaluated in the STAMPEDE trial. The object of the present analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of these treatment options in the treatment of advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model was carried out from the Chinese societal perspective. The efficacy data were obtained from the STAMPEDE trial and health utilities were derived from previous studies. Transition probabilities were calculated based on the survival in each group. The primary endpoint in the analysis was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), and model uncertainties were explored by 1-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SOC alone generated an effectiveness of 2.65 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a lifetime cost of $20,969.23. At a cost of $25,001.34, SOC plus zoledronic acid was associated with 2.69 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $100,802.75/QALY compared with SOC alone. SOC plus docetaxel gained an effectiveness of 2.85 QALYs at a cost of $28,764.66, while the effectiveness and cost data in the SOC plus zoledronic acid/docetaxel group were 2.78 QALYs and $32,640.95.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of the analysis, SOC plus zoledronic acid, SOC plus docetaxel, and SOC plus zoledronic acid/docetaxel are unlikely to be cost-effective options in patients with advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer compared with SOC alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.|West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.|West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.|Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.|West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.|West China Biostatistics and Cost-Benefit Analysis Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu - China.
authors.forename: Qiu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018450:Disease Progression; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D059039:Standard of Care; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid