title: Mammalian sperm nuclear organization: resiliencies and vulnerabilities.
abstract: Sperm cells are remarkably complex and highly specialized compared to somatic cells. Their function is to deliver to the oocyte the paternal genomic blueprint along with a pool of proteins and RNAs so a new generation can begin. Reproductive success, including optimal embryonic development and healthy offspring, greatly depends on the integrity of the sperm chromatin structure. It is now well documented that DNA damage in sperm is linked to reproductive failures both in natural and assisted conception (Assisted Reproductive Technologies [ART]). This manuscript reviews recent important findings concerning - the unusual organization of mammalian sperm chromatin and its impact on reproductive success when modified. This review is focused on sperm chromatin damage and their impact on embryonic development and transgenerational inheritance.
authors.affiliation: GReD "Genetics, Reproduction & Development" Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Champroux
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário Rio Preto, UNIRP, Rodovia Br153, Km 69, CEP15093-450 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo Brazil.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres-Carreira
authors.affiliation: CellOxess LLC, 830 Bear Tavern Road, Ewing, NJ 08628 USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gharagozloo
authors.affiliation: GReD "Genetics, Reproduction & Development" Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Drevet
authors.affiliation: GReD "Genetics, Reproduction & Development" Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont Université, BP60026 - TSA60026, 63178 Aubière cedex, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocer
keywords: Developmental impacts; Infertility; Oxidative stress; Sperm DNA damage