title: Oxidative stress in cancer and fibrosis: Opportunity for therapeutic intervention with antioxidant compounds, enzymes, and nanoparticles.
abstract: Oxidative stress, mainly contributed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), has been implicated in pathogenesis of several diseases. We review two primary examples; fibrosis and cancer. In fibrosis, ROS promote activation and proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, activating TGF-β pathway in an autocrine manner. In cancer, ROS account for its genomic instability, resistance to apoptosis, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Importantly, ROS trigger cancer cell invasion through invadopodia formation as well as extravasation into a distant metastasis site. Use of antioxidant supplements, enzymes, and inhibitors for ROS-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX) is a logical therapeutic intervention for fibrosis and cancer. We review such attempts, progress, and challenges. Lastly, we review how nanoparticles with inherent antioxidant activity can also be a promising therapeutic option, considering their additional feature as a delivery platform for drugs, genes, and imaging agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Jingga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morry
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Worapol
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ngamcherdtrakul
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA. Electronic address: yantasee@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Wassana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yantasee
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: Antioxidant; Cancer; Fibrosis; Metastasis; Nanoparticles; ROS