title: Titanium Elastic Nailing System (TENS) for Tibia Fractures in Children: Functional Outcomes and Complications.
abstract: Closed reduction and cast application is still regarded as first line treatment for pediatric tibial fractures. Over the past few decades, management of pediatric tibial fractures has shifted more towards operative intervention because of quicker recovery, shorter rehabilitation period, less immobilization, lack of stiffness of adjoining joints, and less psychological impact to the children. Flexible intramedullary nails not only fulfill the above advantage but also maintain alignment and rotation.
  
  
  
  This was a retrospective study of pediatric tibial fractures fixed with two titanium elastic nails through proximal ends of bones. Alignment of fracture, any infection, delayed union, non union, limb length discrepancy, motion of knee joint, and fracture union time were measured during follow-up examination.
  
  
  
  Forty-five patients were enrolled into the study out of which 28 (62.2%) were male and 17 (37.8%) were female. Average age of patient was 9.48±2.17 years and average time taken to heal the fractures (both clinical and radiological) was 11.17±2.81 weeks. There were 2 (4.4%) of malunion, 4 (8.8%) of delayed union, 3 (6.6%) of limb shortening, 2 (4.4%) of limb lengthening, 6 (13.6%) of nail prominence and skin irritation, 2 (4.4%) of superficial infection at nail entry site and one case of re-fracture.
  
  
  
  Titanium elastic nail fixation is a simple, easy, rapid, reliable and effective method for management of pediatric tibial fractures in patients with operative indications. There may be the chances of complication following the TENS in tibia but these are avoidable as well as manageable with careful precautions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Civil Service Hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kc
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Civil Service Hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Civil Service Hospital, Minbhawan, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sigdel
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D014025:Titanium; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium
keywords: complications; functional outcomes; tibia fractures.