title: The melding of nanomedicine in thrombosis imaging and treatment: a review.
abstract: Thromboembolic diseases constitute a plague in our century, wherein an imbalance of hemostasis leads to thrombus formation and vessels constriction reducing blood flow. Hence, the recent rise of nanomedicine gives birth to advanced diagnostic modalities and therapeutic agents for the early diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. Multimodal nanoagents for the detection of intravascular thrombi and nanovehicles for thrombus-targeted fibrinolytic therapy are few paradigms of nanomedicine approaches to overcome current diagnostic treatment roadblocks and persistent clinical needs. This review highlights the nanomedicine strategies to improve the imaging and therapy of acute thrombi by nanoparticles and nanotheranostics, the detailed imaging of thrombogenic proteins and platelets via atomic force microscopy with the knowledge basis of thrombosis pathophysiology and nanotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Varvara
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Karagkiozaki
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pappa
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Despoina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arvaniti
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Anestis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moumkas
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konstantinou
authors.affiliation: Nanomedicine Group, Lab for Thin Films - Nanosystems & Nanometrology (LTFN), Physics Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece.
authors.forename: Stergios
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Logothetidis
keywords: atomic force microscopy; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; thromboembolic diseases; thrombosis