title: Social and legal frame conditions for 3D (and) bioprinting in medicine.
abstract: The beginnings of three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting can be traced to as early as 1984. From printing inorganic models for the generation of biologic scaffolds, additive manufacturing (AM) developed to the direct printing of organic materials, including specialized tissues, proteins, and cells. In recent years, these technologies have gained significantly in relevance, and there have been several innovations, especially in the field of regenerative medicine. It is becoming increasingly important to consider the economic and social aspects of AM, particularly in education and information of medical human resources, society, and politics, as well as for the establishment of homogenous, globally adapted legal regulations.
authors.forename: Heide-Katharina
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maresch
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gartner
authors.forename: Ulrich M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Gassner
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Al-Nawas
mesh_terms: D062028:Bioprinting / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional / Q000941:ethics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*