title: Adaptive Optics Imaging in Retinal Vasculitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the sheathing of retinal vasculitis in various systemic autoimmune diseases using adaptive optics imaging (AOI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational case series with six patients: Behçet disease (n = 1); systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1); idiopathic retinal vasculitis (n = 2); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (n = 1); and Takayasu aorta arteritis (n = 1). Fundus photograph (FP), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were done in all cases at presentation. Using the Image J software, perivascular sheathing and wall-to-wall diameter of the vessel involved were measured on AOI at time of presentation and on follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AOI was able to pick the pipe-stem sheathing in SLE and IRV(I) and parallel sheathing in rest, which correlated with FP and FFA. Moreover, the decrease and a complete resolution in the sheathing were also noted by AOI on follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AOI can be used as an additional investigative tool for diagnosis and to monitor the disease course during the treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology , Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Padmamalini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mahendradas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology , Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Ruchi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vala
authors.affiliation: a Department of Uveitis and Ocular Immunology , Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Ankush
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-8051
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawali
authors.affiliation: b Retina Physiology Lab , Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Mukund C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Akkali
authors.affiliation: c Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery , Narayana Nethralaya , Bangalore , India.
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shetty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adaptive optics; autoimmune diseases; fundus fluorescein angiography; fundus photography; retinal vasculitis