title: Antitumor Activity of Extracts from Medicinal Basidiomycetes Mushrooms.
abstract: Aqueous extracts from the vegetative submerged mycelia of cultivated Basidiomycetes Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, and Grifola frondosa, as well as from the fruiting bodies of G. lucidum, were found to have antitumor activity. The antitumor effect of the mycelial extracts from all 3 fungal species was ascertained in vivo in rats with implanted kidney cancer. Dystrophic changes in tumor cells and tumor necrosis (up to 90%) were noted. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell line and HEp-2 human laryngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells showed that the extracts from the G. lucidum fruiting bodies and from the L. edodes vegetative mycelium were the most effective. The animals' immune systems were activated, and the fungal extracts displayed no toxicity when administered orally.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vetchinkina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirokov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Razumovsky State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bucharskaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Razumovsky State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Navolokin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prilepskii
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy, Razumovsky State Medical University, Russian Ministry of Health, Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maslyakova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences (IBPPM RAS), 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
authors.forename: Valentina E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Nikitina
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D048691:Grifola / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D025282:Mycelium / Q000737:chemistry; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D020940:Reishi / Q000737:chemistry*; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002457:Cell Extracts