title: Sex-Specific Impact of Spiritual Beliefs and Sleep Quality on Degree of Psychological Distress.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to test a set of hypotheses suggesting sleep quality and spiritual beliefs differed according to degree of psychological distress and biological sex. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measured sleep quality, the Beliefs and Values Scale measured spiritual beliefs, and the Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale measured distress. A factorial MANOVA tested the model. Higher sleep quality and greater spiritual beliefs were associated with lower levels of distress. Women exhibited lower sleep quality than men, whereas spiritual beliefs were equivalent between sexes. To decrease psychological distress, interventions should improve sleep quality and increase spiritual engagement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Russell Hall 457A, P.O. Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0311, USA. aknowlden@ches.ua.edu.
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Knowlden
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Russell Hall 461, P.O. Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0311, USA.
authors.forename: Meghan E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Shewmake
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Russell Hall 457A, P.O. Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0311, USA.
authors.forename: Maranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Russell Hall 461, P.O. Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0311, USA.
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harcrow
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D012067:Religion; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Mental health; Mental stress; Sleep health; Sleep quality; Spirituality