title: Breast tumor stroma: A driving force in the development of resistance to therapies.
abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. In spite of huge advancements in early detection and ever-increasing knowledge of breast cancer biology, approximately 30% of patients with early-stage breast cancer experience disease recurrence. Most patients are chemosensitive and cancer free immediately after the treatment. About 50% to 70% of breast cancer patients, however, will relapse within 1 year. Such a relapse is usually concomitant with adenocarcinoma cells acquiring a chemoresistant phenotype. Both de novo and acquired chemoresistance are poorly understood and present a major burden in the treatment of breast cancer. Although, previously, chemoresistance was largely linked to genetic alterations within the cancer cells, recent investigations are indicating that chemoresistance can also be associated with the tumor microenvironment. Nowadays, it is widely believed that tumor microenvironment is a key player in tumor progression and response to treatment. In this study, we will review the interactions of breast tumor cells with their microenvironment, present the latest research on the resistance mediated by the stromal component in breast cancer, and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that can be exploited to treat breast cancers by targeting tumor microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.|Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majidinia
authors.affiliation: Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yousefi
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000473:pathology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
keywords: breast cancer; chemotherapy; drug resistance; microenvironment; tumor stroma