title: Azomethine based nano-chemicals: Development, in vitro and in vivo fungicidal evaluation against Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Rhizoctonia solani.
abstract: Fungal diseases posing a severe threat to the production of pulses, a major protein source, necessitates the need of new highly efficient antifungal agents. The present study was aimed to develop azomethine based nano-fungicides for protecting the crop from fungal pathogens and subsequent yield losses. The protocol for the formation of nano-azomethines was generated and standardized. Technically pure azomethines were transformed into their nano-forms exploiting polyethylene glycol as the surface stabilizer. Characterization was performed by optical (imaging) probe (Zetasizer) and electron probe (TEM) characterization techniques. The mean particle sizes of all nano-fungicides were below 100nm. In vitro fungicidal potential of nano-chemicals was increased by 2 times in comparison to that of conventional sized azomethines against pathogenic fungi, namely, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia bataticola and Sclerotium rolfsii. The performance of nano-chemicals in pot experiment study was also superior to conventional ones as antifungal agent.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Prithusayak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India. Electronic address: rkb1973@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gogoi
mesh_terms: D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008823:Micelles; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D012232:Rhizoctonia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008823:Micelles; D013882:Thiosemicarbazones; C512188:azomethine; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Antifungal agent; Nano-formulation; Nanotechnology; PEG; Schiff base