title: Physicochemical characterisation and investigation of the bonding mechanisms of API-titanate nanotube composites as new drug carrier systems.
abstract: Titanate nanotube (TNT) has recently been explored as a new carrier material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The aim of the present work was to reveal the physicochemical properties of API-TNT composites, focusing on the interactions between the TNTs and the incorporated APIs. Drugs belonging to different Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classes were loaded into TNTs: diltiazem hydrochloride (BCS I.), diclofenac sodium (BCS II.), atenolol (BCS III.) and hydrochlorothiazide (BCS IV.). Experimental results demonstrated that it is feasible for spiral cross-sectioned titanate nanotubes to carry drugs and maintain their bioactivity. The structural properties of the composites were characterized by a range of analytical techniques, including FT-IR, DSC, TG-MS, etc. The interactions between APIs and TNTs were identified as electrostatic attractions, mainly dominated by hydrogen bonds. Based on the results, it can be stated that the strength of the association depends on the hydrogen donor strength of the API. The drug release of incorporated APIs was evaluated from compressed tablets and compared to that of pure APIs. Differences noticed in the dissolution profiles due to incorporation showed a correlation with the strength of interactions between the APIs and the TNTs observed in the above analytical studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pintye-Hódi
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Rerrich Béla tér 1., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary; Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged, Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Department of Applied Informatics, Boldogasszony sgt. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelemen
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address: geza.regdon@pharm.u-szeged.hu.
authors.forename: Géza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Regdon
authors.affiliation: University of Szeged, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720, Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sovány
mesh_terms: D001262:Atenolol / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012995:Solubility; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013818:Thermogravimetry; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D004008:Diclofenac; D001262:Atenolol; D014025:Titanium; D004110:Diltiazem
keywords: Atenolol; Composite; Diclofenac sodium; Diltiazem hydrochloride; Hhydrochlorothiazide; Interaction; Titanate nanotube