title: Renal effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
abstract: Recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICPI) development have led to major improvements in oncology patient outcomes. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) are two essential immune checkpoint receptors. Ipilimumab and tremelimumab (anti-CTLA-4-blocking antibodies) and pembrolizumab and nivolumab (antibodies targeting PD-1 receptors) have already been approved by US Food and Drug Administration in several malignancies. Two different forms of ICPI-induced renal damage have been identified, including acute (granulomatous) tubulointerstitial nephritis and immune complex glomerulonephritis. The observed acute renal damage can be reversed upon ICPI drug discontinuation and renal function can recover back to normal following the introduction of systemic corticosteroid treatment. Any delay in treating this complication could result in definitive and irreversible renal injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Monceau Park International Clinic Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izzedine
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boutros
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rouvier
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine 2, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Zahir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Amoura
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine 2, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathian
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: checkpoint blockade; immunotherapy; ipilimumab; nivolumab; pembrolizumab