title: Repetitive Elements in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Transcriptional Regulation.
abstract: Transcriptional regulation, a multiple-step process, is still poorly understood in the important pig pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Basic motifs like promoters and terminators have already been described, but no other cis-regulatory elements have been found. DNA repeat sequences have been shown to be an interesting potential source of cis-regulatory elements. In this work, a genome-wide search for tandem and palindromic repetitive elements was performed in the intergenic regions of all coding sequences from M. hyopneumoniae strain 7448. Computational analysis demonstrated the presence of 144 tandem repeats and 1,171 palindromic elements. The DNA repeat sequences were distributed within the 5' upstream regions of 86% of transcriptional units of M. hyopneumoniae strain 7448. Comparative analysis between distinct repetitive sequences found in related mycoplasma genomes demonstrated different percentages of conservation among pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. qPCR assays revealed differential expression among genes showing variable numbers of repetitive elements. In addition, repeats found in 206 genes already described to be differentially regulated under different culture conditions of M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 showed almost 80% conservation in relation to M. hyopneumoniae strain 7448 repeats. Altogether, these findings suggest a potential regulatory role of tandem and palindromic DNA repeats in the M. hyopneumoniae transcriptional profile.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Amanda Malvessi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciele Maboni
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica (LNCC), Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Lucas Muniz
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Guedes
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.|Centro de Biotecnologia, Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irene Silveira
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Schrank
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae / Q000235:genetics*; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic