title: Evaluation of different training systems on Annurca apple fruits revealed by agronomical, qualitative and NMR-based metabolomic approaches.
abstract: Nine different training systems for "Annurca Rossa del Sud" apple fruits, including oblique palmette, free palmette, V-shaped, Tatura trellis, Bibaum®, modified Bibaum®, triple leader, slender spindle and Solaxe, were evaluated based on agronomic, qualitative and metabolomic traits. Fruits were analysed at harvest and after the reddening process. The slender spindle training system showed the highest cumulative efficiency yield compared to the others. Furthermore, an increase in the content of bioactive compounds in flesh and fruit peels was observed after the reddening process and was influenced by the different training systems. The metabolic variations in apple peel were measured and analysed. Changes in the metabolome highlight the influence of different training systems on apple quality. This multidisciplinary study expands our knowledge of the influence of training systems on a typical Italian apple cultivar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: brigida.dabrosca@unina2.it.
authors.forename: Brigida
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: D'Abrosca
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scognamiglio
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chiocchio
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zampella
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mastrobuoni
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rega
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scortichini
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second University of Naples, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fiorentino
authors.affiliation: Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Unità di ricerca per la Frutticoltura, Via Torrino 3, I-81100 Caserta, Italy. Electronic address: milena.petriccione@crea.gov.it.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petriccione
mesh_terms: D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Annurca; NMR-analysis; Pomological traits; Tree training system