title: Obesity, endothelial function and inflammation: the effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is associated with a high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. There is a causal association between obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in IR, proinflammatory state and markers of endothelial dysfunction in morbidly obese patients after weight loss following bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we measured the levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in 79 morbidly obese patients at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after gastric bypass. Also, we evaluated changes in IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve months after surgery, there was a significant decrease in plasma levels of sICAM1 (p < 0.001), PAI-1 (p < 0.05), hs-CRP (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (p < 0.001) and a significant increase of McAuley index (McAuley) (p < 0.001). Baseline levels of hs-PCR were positively correlated with sICAM-1 (r = 0.450, p < 0.01) and IL-6 (r = 0.451, p < 0.01). Significant correlations were also found between the decrease of PAI-1 and the decrease of hs-PCR (r = 0.425, p < 0.01) and tryglicerides (r = 0.351, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with morbid obesity, substantial surgically induced weight loss is followed by a significant improvement in the endothelial function, inflammatory state and insulin sensitivity, that may reduce their cardiovascular risk. A relationship exists between improved inflammatory profile and endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition. Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer. Murcia. fatimaillan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fátima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Illán Gómez
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzálvez Ortega
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aragón Alonso
authors.forename: Sabel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Orea Soler
authors.forename: M ª Soledad
authors.initials: Mª
authors.lastname: Alcaraz Tafalla
authors.forename: Matías
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez Paredes
authors.forename: M ª Luisa
authors.initials: Mª
authors.lastname: Lozano Almela
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050110:Bariatric Surgery; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Obesity. Bariatric  surgery. Inflammation.  Endothelial activation.  Insulin resistance.