title: Sleep-related modifications of EEG connectivity in the sensory-motor networks in Huntington Disease: An eLORETA study and review of the literature.
abstract: To evaluate EEG functional connectivity in the sensory-motor network, during wake and sleep, in patients with Huntington Disease (HD).
  
  
  
  23 patients with HD and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. EEG connectivity analysis was performed by means of exact Low Resolution Electric Tomography (eLORETA).
  
  
  
  In wake, HD patients showed an increase of delta lagged phase synchronization (T=3.60; p<0.05) among Broadman's Areas (BA) 6-8 bilaterally; right BA 6-8 and right BA 1-2-3; left BA 1-2-3 and left BA 4. In NREM, HD patients showed an increase of delta lagged phase synchronization (T=3.56; p<0.05) among left BA 1-2-3 and right BA 6-8. In REM, HD patients showed an increase of lagged phase synchronization (T=3.60; p<0.05) among the BA 6-8 bilaterally (delta band); left BA 1-2-3 and right BA 1-2-3 (theta); left BA 1-2-3 and right BA 4 (theta); left BA 1-2-3 and right BA 1-2-3 (alpha).
  
  
  
  Our results may reflect an abnormal function of the motor areas or an effort to counterbalance the pathological motor output.
  
  
  
  Our results may help to understand the pathophysiology of sleep-related movement disorders in Huntington's Disease, and to define therapeutically strategies.
authors.affiliation: Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piano
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Sciences, European University, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: imperatori.c@libero.it.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Imperatori
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losurdo
authors.affiliation: Center for Parkinson Disease and Extrapyramidal Disorders, Movement Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Rita
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bentivoglio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortelli
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Unit, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Della Marca
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*
keywords: EEG; Functional connectivity; Huntington’s Disease; Polysomnography; Sensory-motor network; Sleep; eLORETA