title: Low pHoboosts burst firing and catecholamine release by blocking TASK-1 and BK channels while preserving Cav1 channels in mouse chromaffin cells.
abstract: Mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) generate spontaneous burst-firing that causes large increases of Ca2+-dependent catecholamine release, and is thus a key mechanism for regulating the functions of MCCs. With the aim to uncover a physiological role for burst-firing we investigated the effects of acidosis on MCC activity. Lowering the extracellular pH (pHo) from 7.4 to 6.6 induces cell depolarizations of 10-15 mV that generate bursts of ∼330 ms at 1-2 Hz and a 7.4-fold increase of cumulative catecholamine-release. Burst-firing originates from the inhibition of the pH-sensitive TASK-1-channels and a 60% reduction of BK-channel conductance at pHo6.6. Blockers of the two channels (A1899 and paxilline) mimic the effects of pHo6.6, and this is reverted by the Cav1 channel blocker nifedipine. MCCs act as pH-sensors. At low pHo, they depolarize, undergo burst-firing and increase catecholamine-secretion, generating an effective physiological response that may compensate for the acute acidosis and hyperkalaemia generated during heavy exercise and muscle fatigue.
  
  
  
  Mouse chromaffin cells (MCCs) generate action potential (AP) firing that regulates the Ca2+-dependent release of catecholamines (CAs). Recent findings indicate that MCCs possess a variety of spontaneous firing modes that span from the common 'tonic-irregular' to the less frequent 'burst' firing. This latter is evident in a small fraction of MCCs but occurs regularly when Nav1.3/1.7 channels are made less available or when the Slo1β2-subunit responsible for BK channel inactivation is deleted. Burst firing causes large increases of Ca2+-entry and potentiates CA release by ∼3.5-fold and thus may be a key mechanism for regulating MCC function. With the aim to uncover a physiological role for burst-firing we investigated the effects of acidosis on MCC activity. Lowering the extracellular pH (pHo) from 7.4 to 7.0 and 6.6 induces cell depolarizations of 10-15 mV that generate repeated bursts. Bursts at pHo6.6 lasted ∼330 ms, occurred at 1-2 Hz and caused an ∼7-fold increase of CA cumulative release. Burst firing originates from the inhibition of the pH-sensitive TASK-1/TASK-3 channels and from a 40% BK channel conductance reduction at pHo7.0. The same pHohad little or no effect on Nav, Cav, Kv and SK channels that support AP firing in MCCs. Burst firing of pHo6.6 could be mimicked by mixtures of the TASK-1 blocker A1899 (300 nm) and BK blocker paxilline (300 nm) and could be prevented by blocking L-type channels by adding 3 μm nifedipine. Mixtures of the two blockers raised cumulative CA-secretion even more than low pHo(∼12-fold), showing that the action of protons on vesicle release is mainly a result of the ionic conductance changes that increase Ca2+-entry during bursts. Our data provide direct evidence suggesting that MCCs respond to low pHowith sustained depolarization, burst firing and enhanced CA-secretion, thus mimicking the physiological response of CCs to acute acidosis and hyperkalaemia generated during heavy exercise and muscle fatigue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Centre, CNISM Unit, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarina
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Centre, CNISM Unit, Torino, Italy.|Present address: Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Am Campus 1, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
authors.forename: David H F
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Vandael
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Centre, CNISM Unit, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8718-1208
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Carabelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, NIS Centre, CNISM Unit, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2239-6280
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carbone
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D044482:Benzeneacetamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C558924:A 1899; D001549:Benzamides; D044482:Benzeneacetamides; D002395:Catecholamines; C495541:Cav1 protein, mouse; D051242:Caveolin 1; D007211:Indoles; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain; C420132:potassium channel subfamily K member 3; C048220:paxilline
keywords: BK channels; Burst firing; Catecholamines; L-type Cav1 channels; TASK-1 channels; chromaffin cells; secretion