title: Relationships among temperament, acute and chronic cortisol and testosterone concentrations, and breeding soundness during performance testing of Angus bulls.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine relationships among temperament, endocrinology, and reproductive parameters of bulls enrolled in an 84-day performance test. Angus bulls (n = 60) were housed in six pens grouped by age and weight. Pen scores (PS; 1 = docile to 5 = very aggressive) were assigned on Days -1, 27, 55, and 83 of the performance test. On the following day, blood and hair samples were collected, and body weight (BW) and exit velocity (EV) were recorded. Bulls were split into two categories based on; Day -1 PS (PScalm = PS 1 or 2; PSexcitable = PS 3 or 4) and Day 0 EV (EVcalm = slowest 20 bulls; EVexcitable = fastest 20 bulls). Cortisol and testosterone concentrations in serum and hair did not differ (P > 0.10) between PS or EV temperament categories. Sampling day differences (P < 0.01) occurred for serum testosterone, hair cortisol, and hair testosterone concentration; however, serum cortisol concentration did not differ (P > 0.10) over the sampling days. Serum testosterone concentration increased (P < 0.01) from Day 0 to 28, decreased from Day 28 to 56, but Day 84 did not differ from Day 0, 28, or 56. Hair cortisol concentration was greatest (P < 0.01) on Day 0, decreased from Day 28 to 56 but did not differ from Day 56 to 84. Hair testosterone concentration was greatest (P < 0.01) on Day 0 and remained constant from Day 28 to 84. Bulls categorized as PScalm had a greater (P < 0.01) percentage of normal sperm and secondary defects (P < 0.01) when compared with PSexcitable bulls. However, EVcalm bulls had fewer (P < 0.01) primary defects but more (P < 0.01) secondary defects than EVexcitable bulls. In conclusion, bulls exhibited physiological evidence of acclimation during the test as indicated by a reduction in hair cortisol concentration. In addition, the ability of the bulls to acclimate while residing at the testing center may have contributed to little differences observed during the breeding soundness examination portion of the performance test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. Electronic address: hkattesh@utk.edu.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kattesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rhinehart
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Strickland
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Krawczel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wilkerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saxton
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000662:veterinary*; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Breeding soundness; Bull; Cortisol; Temperament; Testosterone