title: Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms among Korean Adolescents: JS High School Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence suggests that secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) may affect not only physical health, but also mental health. Therefore, we evaluated the association between SHSE and depressive symptoms among Korean adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The JS High School Study enrolled 1071 high school freshmen from a rural community of South Korea. The current analysis was limited to 989 adolescents (495 male and 494 female adolescents), after excluding 48 ever-smokers, 3 students with physician-diagnosed depression, and 31 students who did not complete the depression questionnaire. SHSE was assessed using a self-reported questionnaire and was classified into three groups: none, occasional exposure, and regular exposure. Depressive symptoms were assessed according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, ranging from 0 to 63, and the presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a BDI score ≥10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, adolescents with SHSE were more likely to have depressive symptoms than those without SHSE (p = 0.042).In a sex-specific analysis treating the BDI score as a continuous variable, regular SHSE was independently associated with higher BDI scores in male adolescents (β = 2.25, p = 0.026), but not in female adolescents (β = 1.11, p = 0.253). Compared to no SHSE, the odds ratio for having depressive symptoms among male adolescents with regular SHSE was 2.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 4.25) after adjusting for age, body mass index, and study year, and 3.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.52 to 8.73) after adjusting for age, body mass index, study year, exercise, and household income.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with having depressive symptoms among Korean male adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Korean Human Resource Development Institute for Health & Welfare, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Na Hyun
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong Phil
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joo Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.|Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution