title: Comparison of Fissure Healing and The Incidence of Headache Among the Patients Treated with Endo- and Perianal Application of 0.2% Glyceryl Trinitrate for Chronic Anal Fissure.
abstract: Chronic anal fissure is associated with significant morbidity and reduction in quality of life mostly in young healthy adults. Glyceryl Trinitrate, a most commonly used agent for treatment, is associated with incidence of headache causing discontinuation of treatment. There is belief that endoanal application instead of perianal is associated with lower incidence of headache. This study is to compare the incidence and severity of headache in between perianal and endoanal application of GTN ointment.
  
  
  
  Thirty patients were taken in each perianal and endoanal group. They were given orientation to apply 375gm of ointment either endoanally or perianally and to record severity of headache according to visual analogue scale. This record was noted by independent observer in telephonic conversation. Patients were followed up at 6 weeks for evaluation fissure.
  
  
  
  The mean age, male female ratio and features of chronicity was similar in both the group however the duration of symptoms between the group was different. Regarding outcome, Overall incidence of headache was seen in two-third of patient with severe headache in approx. 10%. Severity of headache was slightly lower in endoanal group but the difference was not significant. Healing rate was comparable. Two patient in perianal and 3 in endoanal group were lost for follow up.
  
  
  
  Endoanal application of GTN ointment is associated with slight decrease in intensity of headache and is comparable with perianal application for fissure healing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Bohara
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupakheti
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D005996:Nitroglycerin
keywords: anal fissure; endoanal; glyceryl trinitrate; headache; perianal.