title: Comparison of Leg Regeneration Potency Between Holometabolous Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Hemimetabolous Locusta migratoria manilensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae).
abstract: After injury many insects could regenerate lost limb. In this study, Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835) were chosen to compare the regeneration potency of holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects. We employed the classical approach of surgical excision to verify the regeneration ability and to investigate the factors that affect the extent of regeneration. The results found that H. armigera could regenerate intact legs when the larval legs were excised at the first and second instar and that legs of adult H. armigera had a close relationship with their larval counterparts. However, the adult legs became malformed or disappeared when excised at other older instars. For the L. migratoria, we found the legs have weak partial regeneration ability when amputation was conducted at the joint of two segments. The regeneration potency might be stronger the more proximal the operation. Regeneration process had a negative impact on the larval development. This is the first report of complete leg regeneration capacity having a strong correlation with the instar but not with the position where amputation occurred for H. armigera, while for the L. migratoria, partial regenerative ability had a close relationship with the position where amputation occurred but not with instars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Qingpo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Yanrong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Yuhui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn).
authors.forename: Qingwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China (yangqingpo@cau.edu.cn; lizhencau@cau.edu.cn; s20153010218@cau.edu.cn; lyrcau@163.com; yangyuhui915@126.com; zhangqingwen@263.net; liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn) liuxiaoxia611@cau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D048188:Locusta migratoria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D009758:Nymph / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration
keywords: : cotton bollworm; leg regeneration; locust