title: Parental and child genetic contributions to obesity traits in early life based on 83 loci validated in adults: the FAMILY study.
abstract: The genetic influence on child obesity has not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  
  This study investigated the parental and child contributions of 83 adult body mass index (BMI)-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to obesity-related traits in children from birth to 5 years old.
  
  
  
  A total of 1402 individuals were genotyped for 83 SNPs. An unweighted genetic risk score (GRS) was generated by the sum of BMI-increasing alleles. Repeated weight and length/height were measured at birth, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years of age, and age-specific and sex-specific weight and BMI Z-scores were computed.
  
  
  
  The GRS was significantly associated with birthweight Z-score (P = 0.03). It was also associated with weight/BMI Z-score gain between birth and 5 years old (P = 0.02 and 6.77 × 10-3, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, the GRS was associated with weight and BMI Z-score from birth to 5 years (P = 5.91 × 10-3and 5.08 × 10-3, respectively). The maternal effects of rs3736485 in DMXL2 on weight and BMI variation from birth to 5 years were significantly greater compared with the paternal effects by Z test (P = 1.53 × 10-6and 3.75 × 10-5, respectively).
  
  
  
  SNPs contributing to adult BMI exert their effect at birth and in early childhood. Parent-of-origin effects may occur in a limited subset of obesity predisposing SNPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Robiou-du-Pont
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.|Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meyre
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000235:genetics; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000235:genetics*
keywords: Birthweight; body mass index; genetic risk score; genome-wide association study; parent-of-origin effect