title: Typical predictive eye movements during action observation without effector-specific motor simulation.
abstract: When watching someone reaching to grasp an object, we typically gaze at the object before the agent's hand reaches it-that is, we make a "predictive eye movement" to the object. The received explanation is that predictive eye movements rely on a direct matching process, by which the observed action is mapped onto the motor representation of the same body movements in the observer's brain. In this article, we report evidence that calls for a reexamination of this account. We recorded the eye movements of an individual born without arms (D.C.) while he watched an actor reaching for one of two different-sized objects with a power grasp, a precision grasp, or a closed fist. D.C. showed typical predictive eye movements modulated by the actor's hand shape. This finding constitutes proof of concept that predictive eye movements during action observation can rely on visual and inferential processes, unaided by effector-specific motor simulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. gvannuscorps@fas.harvard.edu.|Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trento, Mattarello, 38122, Italy. gvannuscorps@fas.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vannuscorps
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.|Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trento, Mattarello, 38122, Italy.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caramazza
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001288:Attention; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements; D005133:Eye Movements; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
keywords: Action observation; Eye movements; Motor simulation; Single-case study