title: Bacterial meningitis in alcoholic patients: A population-based prospective study.
abstract: To study clinical features and outcome of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in alcoholic patients.
  
  
  
  Patients with a history of alcoholism were selected from our nationwide, prospective cohort on community-acquired bacterial meningitis performed from March 2006 to October 2014. Data on patient history, symptoms and signs on admission, treatment, and outcome were prospectively collected.
  
  
  
  Of 1359 included episodes, 88 episodes (6%) occurred in 88 alcoholic patients. Seizures as presenting symptom were present in 18% alcoholic patients, and 23% presented with co-existing pneumonia. Causative organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 76%, Listeria monocytogenes in 8%, and Neisseria meningitidis in 6% of patients. A high rate of systemic complications occurred with respiratory failure in 40% and endocarditis in 9% of patients. Outcome was unfavorable in 58% of alcoholic patients, and 25% died. Alcoholism was associated with unfavorable outcome in a multivariate analysis (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.46; P = 0.019), but not with death (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.35-1.68; P = 0.762).
  
  
  
  Alcoholic bacterial meningitis patients often have an unfavorable outcome, which appears to result from a high rate of systemic complications, mainly respiratory failure. Seizures are common in alcoholic patients and warrant caution of development of an alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Hague, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kiril E B
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: van Veen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthijs C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Reference Laboratory for Bacterial Meningitis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Ende
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Center of Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: d.vandebeek@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Diederik
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van de Beek
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004696:Endocarditis / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008297:Male; D016920:Meningitis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D063868:Patient Outcome Assessment; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification
keywords: Alcoholism; Bacterial meningitis; Listeria monocytogenes; Outcome; Streptococcus pneumoniae