title: Comparison of motor competence levels on two assessments across childhood.
abstract: This study compared performances and motor delay classifications for the Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd edition (TGMD-2) and the Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) in a sample of 424 healthy children (47% girls) between 5 and 10 years of age. Low-to-moderate correlations (r range = 0.34-0.52) were found between assessments across age. In general, both boys and girls demonstrated higher raw scores across age groups. However, percentile scores indicated younger children outperformed older children, denoting a normative percentile-based decrease in motor competence (MC) in the older age groups. In total, the TGMD-2 and KTK classified 39.4% and 18.4% children, respectively, as demonstrating very low MC (percentile ≤5). In conclusion, the TGMD-2 classified significantly more children with motor delays than the KTK and the differences between children's motor skill classification levels by these assessments became greater as the age groups increased. Therefore, the TGMD-2 may demonstrate more susceptibility to sociocultural influences and be more influenced by cumulative motor experiences throughout childhood. Low-to-moderate correlations between assessments also suggest the TGMD-2 and KTK may measure different aspects of MC. As such, it may be important to use multiple assessments to comprehensively assess motor competence.
authors.affiliation: a Physical Education and Health , University of São Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alessandro H N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8809-1688
authors.initials: AHN
authors.lastname: Ré
authors.affiliation: b College of Public Health and Human Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA.|c School of Biological and Population Health Sciences , Oregon State University , Corvallis , OR , USA.
authors.forename: Samuel W
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-0967
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.affiliation: d Higher School of Physical Education , University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cattuzzo
authors.affiliation: d Higher School of Physical Education , University of Pernambuco , Recife , Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Henrique
authors.affiliation: a Physical Education and Health , University of São Paulo , Sao Paulo , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Tudela
authors.affiliation: e Physical Education and Athletic Training , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Stodden
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001938:Brazil; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003469:Culture; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
keywords: Motor skills; child development; measurement