title: Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals primary chemical contaminants in freshwater sediments from different land-use types.
abstract: Land-use intensification threatens freshwater biodiversity. Freshwater eukaryotic communities are affected by multiple chemical contaminants with a land-use specific manner. However, biodiversities of eukaryotes and their associations with multiple chemical contaminants are largely unknown. This study characterized in situ eukaryotic communities in sediments exposed to mixtures of chemical contaminants and assessed relationships between various environmental variables and eukaryotic communities in sediments from the Nanfei River. Eukaryotic communities in the sediment samples were dominated by Annelida, Arthropoda, Rotifera, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta and Ciliophora. Alpha-diversities (Shannon entropy) and structures of eukaryotic communities were significantly different between land-use types. According to the results of multiple statistical tests (PCoA, distLM, Mantel and network analysis), dissimilarity of eukaryotic community structures revealed the key effects of pyrethroid insecticides, manganese, zinc, lead, chromium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on eukaryotic communities in the sediment samples from the Nanfei River. Furthermore, taxa associated with land-use types were identified and several sensitive eukaryotic taxa to some of the primary contaminants were identified as potential indicators to monitor effects of the primary chemical contaminants. Overall, environmental DNA metabarcoding on in situ eukaryotic communities provided a powerful tool for biomonitoring and identifying primary contaminants and their complex effects on benthic eukaryotic communities in freshwater sediments.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Yuwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Nanomineralogy and Environmental Material, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
authors.forename: Jizhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Jianghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. Electronic address: howard50003250@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000145:classification; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Asia; Biomonitoring; Ecogenomics; Next generation sequencing; Protozoa; Rivers