title: Dose rates of antimicrobial substances in boar semen preservation-time to establish new protocols.
abstract: To achieve a standardized number of spermatozoa in the final AI dose, varying amounts of extender fluid with a fixed concentration of antimicrobial substances are currently added to boar ejaculates. This practice ignores the different degrees of dilution of the antimicrobials in the end product. In calculating the final concentration of gentamicin in AI doses from 27,538 processed boar ejaculates, we demonstrated varying gentamicin concentrations in the resultant extended boar semen samples. The median concentration was 220.37 mg/L. In 25 of the samples (0.09%), the gentamicin concentration fell below 5 mg/L, which is close to or below the epidemiological cut-off value for many bacteria. We calculated the minimum inhibitory concentration of gentamicin for bacteria isolated from raw and extended ejaculates. Five of the isolates from extended ejaculates exceeded the maximum test concentration of 512 mg/L. As a result, we are presenting an alternative method of boar semen preservation whereby a particular combination of gentamicin concentrate and antibiotic-free extender is incorporated that standardizes the antibiotic concentration in the diluted semen. The addition of standardized antibiotic concentrations did not negatively affect sperm quality when compared to the use of ready-to-use extenders. In conclusion, an end volume-based and standardized addition of gentamicin to boar ejaculates can be a helpful alternative to prevent insufficient dosage of antibiotics in liquid preserved boar semen without affecting semen quality.
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grobbel
authors.affiliation: Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung, Ascheberg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riesenbeck
authors.affiliation: Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung, Ascheberg, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brüning
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.affiliation: Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow, Bernau, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Minitüb GmbH, Tiefenbach, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grossfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012661:Semen / Q000382:microbiology; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins