title: Systematic radiographic evaluation of tibial hemimelia with orthopedic implications.
abstract: Tibial hemimelia is a rare lower-extremity pre-axial longitudinal deficiency characterized by complete or partial absence of the tibia. The reported incidence is 1 in 1 million live births. In this pictorial essay, we define tibial hemimelia and describe associated conditions and principles of preoperative imaging assessment for a child with tibial hemimelia. We also indicate the imaging findings that might influence the choice of treatment, describe the most widely used classification systems, and briefly discuss current treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rochester General Hospital, 1425 Portland Ave., Rochester, NY, 14621, USA. kaplanlist@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-286X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaplan-List
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.|Department of Radiology, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Nina B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Klionsky
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.|Department of Orthopaedics, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.|Department of Pediatrics, Golisano Children's Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, St. Mary's Medical Center and Palm Beach Children's Hospital, West Palm Beach, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004480:Ectromelia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography / Q000379:methods*; D013977:Tibia / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology
keywords: Children; Congenital limb deficiency; Jones classification; Lower extremity; Magnetic resonance imaging; Paley classification; Radiography; Tibia; Tibial hemimelia; Weber classification