title: Collateral damage: insights into bacterial mechanisms that predispose host cells to cancer.
abstract: Infections are estimated to contribute to 20% of all human tumours. Viruses are known to induce cell transformation, but evidence has also linked bacteria, such as Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi, to different cancer types. In addition, Chlamydia trachomatis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis are associated with the development of cancer, although a causal relationship has not yet been established. Bacterial effectors such as colibactin and the virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) can promote cancer directly by influencing host cell signalling cascades, such as the WNT and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pathways, or indirectly by inducing tissue damage and inflammatory responses. In this Review, we discuss how bacterial pathogens interact with host cells to contribute to the development of cancer.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gagnaire
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.affiliation: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Émergentes (URMITE), Unités Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) 6236, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raoult
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neefjes
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gorvel
mesh_terms: D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000473:pathology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins