title: Computed tomography-guided biopsies in children: accuracy, efficiency and dose usage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Computed-tomography-guided interventions are attractive for tissue sampling of paediatric tumor lesions; however, it comes with exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiation dose, accuracy and speed of CT-guided interventions in paediatric patient cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed CT-guided interventions over a 10 -year period in 65 children. The intervention site consisted of bones in 38, chest (lung) in 15 and abdomen (liver, lymph nodes) in 12 cases. Radiation dose and duration of the procedures were analysed. The statistical analysis was performed using dedicated statistical software (BiAS 8.3.6 software, Epsilon Verlag, North Hasted).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All interventions were performed successfully. Mean target access path to lesion within the patients was 6.0 cm (min 3.5 cm, max 11.2 cm). Time duration to complete intervention was 25:15 min (min 17:03 min, max 43:00 min). The dose-length product (DLP) of intervention scan was 29.5 mGy · cm (min 6 mGy · cm, max 85 mGy · cm) with the lowest dose for biopsies in the region of the chest (p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With justified indications, CT-guided paediatric interventions are safe, effective and can be performed both, with short intervention times and low radiation exposure.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. tgruberrouh@googlemail.com.
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gruber-Rouh
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thalhammer
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klingebiel
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nour-Eldin A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nour-Eldin
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vogl
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Alexandria University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naguib
authors.affiliation: Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beeres
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D061705:Image-Guided Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
keywords: Biopsy; CT-guidance; Children