title: Changes in physical activity among coronary and hypertensive patients: A longitudinal study using the Health Action Process Approach.
abstract: Physical activity (PA) is a key factor in cardiovascular disease prevention. Through the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), the present study investigated the process of change in PA in coronary patients (CPs) and hypertensive patients (HPs).
  
  
  
  Longitudinal survey study with two follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 months on 188 CPs and 169 HPs.
  
  
  
  Intensity and frequency of PA.
  
  
  
  A multi-sample analysis indicated the equivalence of almost all the HAPA social cognitive patterns for both patient populations. A latent growth curve model showed strong interrelations among intercepts and slopes of PA, planning and maintenance self-efficacy, but change in planning was not associated with change in PA. Moreover, increase in PA was associated with the value of planning and maintenance self-efficacy reached at the last follow-up Conclusions: These findings shed light on mechanisms often neglected by the HAPA literature, suggesting reciprocal relationships between PA and its predictors that could define a plausible virtuous circle within the HAPA volitional phase. Moreover, the HAPA social cognitive patterns are essentially identical for patients who had a coronary event (i.e. CPs) and individuals who are at high risk for a coronary event (i.e. HPs).
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steca
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pancani
authors.affiliation: d Cardiology IV, Cardiovascular "A. De Gasperis" Department , Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital , Milan , Italy.|e Health Science Department , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical and Surgical Critical Care, Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit , University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi , Florence , Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fattirolli
authors.affiliation: d Cardiology IV, Cardiovascular "A. De Gasperis" Department , Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital , Milan , Italy.|e Health Science Department , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giannattasio
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Addario
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monzani
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cappelletti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Magrin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miglioretti
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarini
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scrignaro
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , University of Milan - Bicocca , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vecchio
authors.affiliation: c Cardiac Rehabilitation Centre , Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento Hospital , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franzelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014836:Volition; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Health Action Process Approach; Physical activity; acute coronary syndrome; cardiovascular diseases; essential arterial hypertension