title: Protective Effects of Co-Enzyme Q10 on Thioacetamide-Induced Acute Liver Damage and Its Correlation With Behavioral, Biochemical, and Pathological Factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute liver damage may be followed by biochemical, behavioral, and pathological alterations, which can result in serious complications and even death.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this experimental study we determined whether coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a common supplementary medicine known to have protective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in cells, has any protective effect against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver damage and its related neurobehavioral alterations in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this experimental study forty-eight Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 12): C1 was the control group; C2 received a single-dose of TAA (350mg/kg; intraperitoneally) without any other treatment; E1 received TAA + 5 mg/kg CoQ10 (intraperitoneally); and E2 received TAA + 10 mg/kg CoQ10. After sacrificing the rats, liver enzymes and plasma-ammonia (NH4) were measured and histopathological analyses of the livers were carried out. Elevated-plus-maze, open-field, and forced-swimming tests were also performed to investigate behavioral correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), and NH4 show significant increases (P < 0.05). The groups treated with CoQ10 were shown to have significantly lower clinical grade of encephalopathy (P = 0.001), higher locomotor activity (P = 0.000), and lower levels of depression (P = 0.000). Furthermore, it was also shown that CoQ10 treatment may lead to significant decreases in scores of centrilobular necrosis, apoptosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vacuolization, and liver necrosis (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, CoQ10 was determined to have positive effects on liver injury and its related behavioral and biochemical changes.
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Soheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashkani-Esfahani
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Yasaman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Elmira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esmaeilzadeh
authors.affiliation: Organ Transplant Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Negar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azarpira
authors.affiliation: Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Nazila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hassanabadi
authors.affiliation: International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Kish, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Marzieh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keshtkar
authors.affiliation: Department Of Pharmacology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farjam
authors.affiliation: Center of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Omid
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koohi-Hosseinabadi
authors.affiliation: Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Noorafshan
keywords: Acute liver Failure; Behavioral Symptoms; Coenzyme Q10; Hyperammonemia; Thioacetamide