title: A review on strategies for decreasing E. coli O157:H7 risk in animals.
abstract: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is a food-borne pathogen that younger children are most prone to this microorganism. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) caused by EHEC, leads to the destruction of red blood cells and kidney failure. The virulence of E.coli O157:H7 is attributed to fimbriae, that facilitate colonization of bacteria within the colon and verotoxins (VT) or Shiga toxins (Stx) that are released into the blood. Although, in most cases, the infection is self-limitedin young children and aged population, it may cause HUS. Therefore, several investigations are performed in order to offer effective therapies and vaccines, which can prevent and treat the infection in appropriate time. As the pathogenesis of this infection is complicated, a multi-targeted strategy is required. Since cattle are the most important reservoir of EHEC and the root of contamination, reducing E. coli O157:H7 at the farm level should decrease the risk of human illness. Several vaccine approaches have been employed with different proper outcomes in animal models, including recombinant proteins (virulence factors such as; Stx1/2, intimin, EspA, fusion proteins of A and B Stx subunits), avirulent ghost cells of EHEC O157:H7, live attenuated bacteria expressing recombinant proteins, recombinant fimbrial proteins. In addition to protein-based vaccines, DNA vaccines have provided proper prevention in the laboratory animal model. This review paper summarizes the previous studies, current status and future perspective of different immunization strategies for eradicating Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7.
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saeedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Maryam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanparast
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Behzadi
authors.affiliation: Plant Bioproducts Department, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Hatef
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Salmanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Latif
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazarian
authors.affiliation: Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: Jafar.amani@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jafar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Amani
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology; D019468:Disease Management; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000662:veterinary*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000662:veterinary; D007114:Immunization; D015994:Incidence; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D037521:Virulence Factors
keywords: Escherichia coli O157:H7; HUS; Vaccine