title: Impact of Second Stage Surgery on Bone Remodeling Around New Hybrid Titanium Implants: A Prospective Clinical Study in Humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present prospective study aimed to more precisely identify the time points of bone changes around hybrid titanium implants up to 30 months of follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve hybrid T3 implants (Biomet 3i) were placed in 9 healthy patients with the 2-stage surgical approach. Standardized digital Rx were taken at implant insertion (T0); healing-abutment connection after 3.1 ± 0.2 weeks (TX); loading stage after 7.5 ± 0.6 weeks (T1); after 12 months (T2); and after 30 months (T3) of functional loading. The marginal bone loss was digitally measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean marginal bone loss was 0.76 ± 0.37 mm after 30 months. More than 60% (0.42 ± 0.29 mm) of the bone loss took place at healing-abutment connection (TX-T1). No statistically significant bone loss was found between T1-T2 and T2-T3, after 12 and 30 months, respectively. Approximately 40% of bone loss (0.34 mm) was noted between T1 and T3 (P < 0.05), which corresponds to the loading period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implant-oral environment connection represents a critical step point in crestal bone loss. The amount of marginal bone loss, measured after 30 months of loading (T1-T3), was much less than that reported in the literature, showing that correct loading has a minor impact on the periimplant bone remodeling as compared to surgical implant reopening.
authors.affiliation: *Senior Researcher, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. †Fellow Research, Biomaterial Clinical and Histological Research Association, Pescara, Italy. ‡Fellow Research, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy. §Scientific Director, Biomaterial Clinical and Histological Research Association, Pescara, Italy. ¶Dean, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
authors.forename: Tonino
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Traini
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berardini
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Congedi
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sinjari
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trisi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caputi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D000069343:Bone-Implant Interface / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D059605:Dental Implant-Abutment Design / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016348:Osseointegration; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011861:Radiography, Dental; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium