title: Impaired verbal learning in forensic inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: The present study aimed to: (a) examine verbal learning performances among forensic inpatients diagnosed with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD); and (b) compare verbal learning performances among forensic SSD inpatients, SSD outpatients, and a small control sample. Participants included forensic SSD inpatients (n = 71), SSD outpatients (n = 305; see Stone et al.), and a control sample from the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) manual (n = 78; see Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober). Five verbal learning outcomes were measured using the CVLT-II. The average forensic SSD inpatients performed 1 to 1.5 standard deviations below the mean across the five verbal learning outcomes, many of whom (26.8% to 36.6%) performed in the impaired range across the five outcomes. Forensic SSD inpatients performed significantly lower than the SSD outpatients on three verbal learning outcomes and significantly lower than healthy controls on all five verbal learning outcomes. Results indicated forensically committed SSD inpatients have diminished verbal learning performances. Study findings could help define normative verbal learning performances in different types of SSD patients, may guide the development of compensatory strategies for verbal learning deficits, and could subsequently lead to more successful clinical outcomes in this population.
authors.affiliation: a Psychology , Department of State Hospitals-Patton , San Bernardino , California , USA.
authors.forename: Lasha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.affiliation: a Psychology , Department of State Hospitals-Patton , San Bernardino , California , USA.
authors.forename: Kenny A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Karyadi
authors.affiliation: a Psychology , Department of State Hospitals-Patton , San Bernardino , California , USA.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kinney
authors.affiliation: a Psychology , Department of State Hospitals-Patton , San Bernardino , California , USA.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Nitch
authors.affiliation: b Psychology , Patton State Hospital, Patton , Patton , California , USA.
authors.forename: Stacey Marie
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bayan
authors.affiliation: a Psychology , Department of State Hospitals-Patton , San Bernardino , California , USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D057237:Criminals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: CVLT-II; Schizophrenia; forensic inpatients; heterogeneity; verbal learning