title: Niclosamide reduces glucagon sensitivity via hepatic PKA inhibition in obese mice: Implications for glucose metabolism improvements in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global pandemic. Currently, the drugs used to treat T2D improve hyperglycemic symptom of the disease but the underlying mechanism causing the high blood glucose levels have not been fully resolved. Recently published data showed that salt form of niclosamide improved glucose metabolism in high fat fed mice via mitochondrial uncoupling. However, based on our previous work we hypothesised that niclosamide might also improve glucose metabolism via inhibition of the glucagon signalling in liver in vivo. In this study, mice were fed either a chow or high fat diet containing two different formulations of niclosamide (niclosamide ethanolamine salt - NENS or niclosamide - Nic) for 10 weeks. We identified both forms of niclosamide significantly improved whole body glucose metabolism without altering total body weight or body composition, energy expenditure or insulin secretion or sensitivity. Our study provides evidence that inhibition of the glucagon signalling pathway contributes to the beneficial effects of niclosamide (NENS or Nic) on whole body glucose metabolism. In conclusion, our results suggest that the niclosamide could be a useful adjunctive therapeutic strategy to treat T2D, as hepatic glucose output is elevated in people with T2D and current drugs do not redress this adequately.
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Md Kamrul Hasan
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicholas L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Abhirup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Lindsay E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: School of Women's &Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Dulama
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Richani
authors.affiliation: Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.affiliation: School of Women's &Children's Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Margaret J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine &Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.affiliation: Depatment of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Greg C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007328:Insulin; D009534:Niclosamide; D005934:Glucagon; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose