title: Artepillin C and phenolic compounds responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of green propolis and Baccharis dracunculifolia DC.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the antimicrobial activity in Staphylococcus aureus isolates (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and antioxidant activity of green propolis, Baccharis dracunculifolia DC extracts and Artepillin C™.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of Artepillin C in different extracts was determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90) was determined using 40 isolates of S. aureus inoculated in Müeller-Hinton agar culture medium containing the green propolis and B. dracunculifolia DC extracts. PVEE (green propolis ethanolic extract) and BDEH (B. dracunculifolia hexanic extract) showed the greatest antimicrobial activity with MIC90 values of 246·3 and 295·5 μg ml-1respectively. Green propolis ethanolic and hexanic extracts (PVEE and PVEH respectively) showed the greatest antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) with IC50values of 13·09 and 95·86 μg ml-1respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Green propolis ethanolic displays better antimicrobial and antioxidant activities compared to other extracts. These activities may be related to the presence of Artepillin C in synergism with the other constituents of the extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, the antimicrobial activity of the extracts of green propolis and B. dracunculifolia DC demonstrated in MRSA and MSSA clinical isolates indicated that they can be important tools to treat infections caused by these bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Veiga
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3383-9422
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Mendonça
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Paulino
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mimica
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lagareiro Netto
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology and Pharmacy Course, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
authors.forename: B G-C
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Apis Brasil - Green Eucalypt Propolis Ltd, Pindamonhangaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Negrão
authors.affiliation: Universidade Anhanguera, Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marcucci
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031175:Baccharis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010666:Phenylpropionates / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010666:Phenylpropionates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C102259:artepillin C; D011429:Propolis
keywords: 
  Baccharis dracunculifolia
  ; 
  MRSA
  ; 
  MSSA
  ; 
  Staphylococcus aureus
  ; Artepillin C; green propolis