title: Co-localization of major quantitative trait loci for pod size and weight to a 3.7 cM interval on chromosome A05 in cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).
abstract: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an important source of edible oil and protein, is widely grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Genetic improvement of yield-related traits is essential for improving yield potential of new peanut varieties. Genomics-assisted breeding (GAB) can accelerate the process of genetic improvement but requires linked markers for the traits of interest. In this context, we developed a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (Yuanza 9102 × Xuzhou 68-4) with 195 individuals and used to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with three important pod features, namely pod length, pod width and hundred-pod weight.
  
  
  
  QTL analysis using the phenotyping data generated across four environments in two locations and genotyping data on 743 mapped loci identified 15 QTLs for pod length, 11 QTLs for pod width and 16 QTLs for hundred-pod weight. The phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranged from 3.68 to 27.84%. Thirteen QTLs were consistently detected in at least two environments and three QTLs (qPLA05.7, qPLA09.3 and qHPWA05.6) were detected in all four environments indicating their consistent and stable expression. Three major QTLs, detected in at least three environments, were found to be co-localized to a 3.7 cM interval on chromosome A05, and they were qPLA05.7 for pod length (16.89-27.84% PVE), qPWA05.5 for pod width (13.73-14.12% PVE), and qHPWA05.6 for hundred-pod weight (13.75-26.82% PVE). This 3.7 cM linkage interval corresponds to ~2.47 Mb genomic region of the pseudomolecule A05 of A. duranensis, including 114 annotated genes related to catalytic activity and metabolic process.
  
  
  
  This study identified three major consistent and stable QTLs for pod size and weight which were co-localized in a 3.7 cM interval on chromosome A05. These QTL regions not only offer further investigation for gene discovery and development of functional markers but also provide opportunity for deployment of these QTLs in GAB for improving yield in peanut.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Huaiyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Zhendong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Xinping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Yuning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Weigang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Boshou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India.
authors.forename: Manish K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad, 502324, India.
authors.forename: Rajeev K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection and Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA, 31793, USA.
authors.forename: Baozhu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xiangyang, 461057, China.
authors.forename: Xiangguo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China. peanutlab@oilcrops.cn.
authors.forename: Huifang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
keywords: Hundred-pod weight; Peanut; Pod length; Pod width; QTL; Yield