title: How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on Platanus acerifolia Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe?
abstract: Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
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authors.lastname: Baldacchini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castanheiro
authors.affiliation: Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
authors.forename: Nairuhi
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authors.lastname: Maghakyan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Gregorio
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authors.lastname: Sgrigna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
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authors.affiliation: CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro , Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
authors.forename: Jorge H
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authors.affiliation: Vegetation Consultant/Landscape Engineer, Båstadsgatan 6a, Malmö 21439, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrick
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authors.lastname: Bellan
authors.affiliation: Department for Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrade , Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Danijela Đunisijević
authors.initials: DĐ
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authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Geology, University of Salzburg , Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
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authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen , Rolighedsvej 23, Frederiksberg 1958, Denmark.
authors.forename: Oliver
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authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania.
authors.forename: Ilie C
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authors.lastname: Cântar
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Granada & IISTA-CEAMA, Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research , Av. Mediterraneo, Granada 18071, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
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authors.lastname: Cariñanos
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
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authors.lastname: Carriero
authors.affiliation: Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) , Berlinerstr 130, Potsdam 14467, Germany.
authors.forename: Galina
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authors.lastname: Churkina
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea″, Padurea Verde Alley 8, Timisoara 300310, & B-dul Eroilor 128, Bucharest 077190, Romania.
authors.forename: Lucian
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authors.lastname: Dinca
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Ul. Nowoursynowska 159, Warsaw 02-776, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gawroński
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authors.forename: Maren
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authors.lastname: Kern
authors.affiliation: UMR EEF, INRA, Université de Lorraine , Champenoux 54280, France.
authors.forename: Didier
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authors.lastname: Le Thiec
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marco
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authors.lastname: Moretti
authors.affiliation: School of Geography, University College of Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
authors.forename: Tine
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authors.lastname: Ningal
authors.affiliation: Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Dimocritus University of Thrace , Pantazidou 193, Orestiada 68200, Greece.
authors.forename: Eleni C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Rantzoudi
authors.affiliation: Slovenian Forestry Institute , Večna pot 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
authors.forename: Iztok
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authors.lastname: Sinjur
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban Greenery, Public Enterprise "Parks and Greenery", Bul. Ilindenska 104, Skopje 1000, Macedonia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojanova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade , Pregrevica 118, Belgrade 11080, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aničić Urošević
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Violeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velikova
authors.affiliation: European Forest Institute Central-East and South-East European Regional Office (EFICEEC-EFISEE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Feistmantelstrasse 4, Vienna 1180, Austria.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Živojinović
authors.affiliation: Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia , Abovyan 68, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.
authors.forename: Lilit
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sahakyan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council (IBAF-CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano 05010, & Via Castellino 111, Napoli 80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5040-4343
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calfapietra
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium.
authors.forename: Roeland
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authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants; D000397:Air Pollution; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter