title: Gender Difference in Aerobic Capacity and the Contribution by Body Composition and Haemoglobin Concentration: A Study in Young Indian National Hockey Players.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although gender difference in aerobic capacity is known, the contributing factors have been researched seldom.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the gender gap and the contribution by percentage Body Fat (BF), Body Mass Index (BMI) and haemoglobin concentration Hb.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted on 30 (17 males, 13 females) training status matched young hockey players. Healthy players who were playing upto national level competition were included. BW (Body Weight), BF, BMI, LBM (Lean Body Mass), rHR (restring Heart Rate), HRR (Heart Rate Recovery), Hb, a/rVO2max (absolute/relative), a/rPWC (Physical Work Capacity) and RMR (Resting Metabolic Rate) were measured and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant gender difference in the measured parameters. Difference in a/rVO2max remained significant even after controlling for BF, BMI and Hb. Multiple regression and correlation analysis revealed gender difference in VO2max/LBM was due to: BMI(31.91%)>BF(27.60%)>Hb(9.91%). BMI also significantly contributed 3.66% of VO2max/LBM variance, independent of that by gender. Difference in RMR was mainly related to LBM, BF and BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provided an understanding for gender gap in aerobic capacity. Differences in BMI & BF were one of the main reasons.
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Physiology, HIMS, SRHU , Dehradun (Current), Sports Medicine Doctor, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Sports Sciences & Fitness Centre, North-East Regional Centre (NERC), Sports Authority of India (SAI), Imphal, Manipur, India (Previously) .
authors.forename: Hanjabam Barun
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU) , Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kailashiya
keywords: Body fat; Body mass index; Male-female gap; Physical work capacity; Resting metabolic rate; VO2max