title: Effective delivery of volatile biocides employing mesoporous silicates for treating biofilms.
abstract: Nanoparticulate delivery of biocides has the potential to decrease levels of exposure to non-target organisms, and miminize long-term exposure that can promote the development of resistance. Silica nanoparticles are an ideal vehicle since they are inert, biocompatible, biodegradable, and thermally and chemically stable. Encapsulation of biocides within nanoparticulates can improve their stability and longevity and maximize the biocidal potential of hydrophobic volatile compounds. Herein, we have shown that the plant secondary metabolites allyl isothiocyanate and cinnamaldehyde demonstrated increased antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli in planktonic form, when packaged into mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Furthermore, the biocide-loaded nanoparticles showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms that have inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents. The delivery platform can also be expanded to traditional biocides and other non-conventional antimicrobial agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.
authors.forename: Marimar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5144-1717
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bravo Cadena
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK.|Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Level 3, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Townley
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK.
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8942-6897
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Fricker
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK ian.thompson@eng.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Ian P
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0532-0885
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D017953:Isocyanates; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; C491149:allyl isocyanate; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000171:Acrolein; C012843:cinnamaldehyde
keywords: allyl isothiocyanate; biocides; biofilms; cinnamaldehyde; mesoporous silica nanoparticles; planktonic bacteria