title: Perceptual Judgments of Resonance, Nasal Airflow, Understandability, and Acceptability in Speakers With Cleft Palate: Ordinal Versus Visual Analogue Scaling.
abstract: To investigate the reliability of ordinal versus visual analogue scaling (VAS) ratings for perceptual judgments of nasal resonance, nasal airflow, understandability, and acceptability in speakers with cleft palate.
  
  
  
  Within-subjects comparative study.
  
  
  
  Multisite.
  
  
  
  Five specialist speech and language therapists from U.K. Regional Cleft Centres.
  
  
  
  Participants rated 30 audio speech samples obtained from the Speech and Language Therapy archives of Great Ormond Street Hospital. They rated the identified speech parameters using each scaling method, with 1 month between rating tasks. The model of best fit was determined to examine validity, and both intra- and inter-rater reliability were also computed.
  
  
  
  VAS ratings were valid for all parameters when plotted against ordinal ratings, and the model of best fit revealed only a slightly stronger curvilinear than linear relationship between the scaling methods. Intra-rater reliability was high for both rating methods across all six speech parameters. There was also high inter-rater reliability for both ordinal and VAS ratings of hypernasality, nasal emission, nasal turbulence, understandability, and acceptability, and for the ordinal ratings of hyponasality.
  
  
  
  Perceptual judgments of nasal resonance, nasal airflow, understandability, and acceptability were similar using VAS and ordinal scaling, indicating that both scaling methods were appropriate for measuring the cleft speech parameters. VAS, however, may offer statistical advantages, and there is a growing body of evidence advocating its use for the measurement of prothetic speech parameters.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castick
authors.forename: Rachael-Anne
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sell
mesh_terms: D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013067:Speech Perception; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006113:United Kingdom; D064232:Visual Analog Scale; D014833:Voice Quality
keywords: acceptability; cleft palate; nasal airflow; nasal resonance; ordinal scaling; perceptual ratings; understandability; visual analogue scaling