title: Morphology of the filtration apparatus of three planktivorous fishes and relation with ingested anthropogenic particles.
abstract: Anthropogenic particles (APs), including microplastics, are ingested by a wide variety of marine organisms. Exposure of Clupeiformes (e.g. herrings, anchovies, sardines) is poorly studied despite their economic and ecological importance. This study aims to describe the morphology of the filtration apparatus of three wild-caught Clupeiformes (Sardina pilchardus, Clupea harengus and Engraulis encrasicolus) and to relate the results to ingested APs. Consequently, the species with the more efficient filtration apparatus will be more likely to ingest APs. We hypothesized that sardines were the most exposed species. The filtration area and particle retention threshold were determined in the three species, with sardines displaying the highest filtration area and the closest gill rakers. Sardines ingested more fibers and smaller fragments, confirming that it is the most efficient filtering species. These two results lead to the conclusion that, among the three studied, the sardine is the species most exposed to APs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium; Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Center, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium. Electronic address: francecollard16@gmail.com.
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Collard
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.affiliation: Inorganic Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gauthier
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eppe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Compère
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oceanology - MARE Center, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, AFFISH-RC, University of Liege, B6c, Liège, Belgium.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parmentier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating; D005399:Fishes / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005880:Gills / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010969:Plastics; D017747:Seafood; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics; D014873:Water Pollutants
keywords: Anthropogenic particles; Clupeiformes; Filtration apparatus; Fish; Gill rakers; Microplastics