title: Trans-Fatty Acid-Stimulated Mammary Gland Growth in Ovariectomized Mice is Fatty Acid Type and Isomer Specific.
abstract: We previously reported that the trans-18:2 fatty acid trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10,c12-CLA) stimulates mammary gland development independent of estrogen and its receptor. Given the negative consequences of dietary trans-fatty acids on various aspects of human health, we sought to establish whether other trans-fatty acids could similarly induce ovary-independent mammary gland growth in mice. Prepubertal BALB/cJ mice were ovariectomized at 21 days of age then were fed diets enriched with cis-9, trans-11 CLA (c9,t11-CLA), or mixtures of trans-18:1 fatty acids supplied by partially hydrogenated sunflower, safflower, or linseed oil. The resultant mammary phenotype was evaluated 3 weeks later and compared to the growth response elicited by t10,c12-CLA, or the defined control diet. Whereas partially hydrogenated safflower oil increased mammary gland weight, none of the partially hydrogenated vegetable oils promoted mammary ductal growth. Similarly, the c9,t11-CLA supplemented diet was without effect on mammary development. Taken together, our data emphasize a unique effect of t10,c12-CLA in stimulating estrogen-independent mammary gland growth manifest as increased mammary ductal area and elongation that was not recapitulated by c9,t11-CLA or the partially hydrogenated vegetable oil diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA.
authors.forename: Grace E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Berryhill
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA.
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Miszewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA.
authors.forename: Josephine F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Trott
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Vermont, 570 Main St., Burlington, VT, 05405-0148, USA.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, 474 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1225, USA.
authors.forename: Adam L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8521, USA. rchovey@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Russell C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hovey
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006865:Hydrogenation; D007536:Isomerism; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D051379:Mice; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D010938:Plant Oils; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; C046938:9,11-linoleic acid
keywords: Conjugated linoleic acid; Mammary gland; Partially hydrogenated vegetable oil; Trans-fatty acids