title: Joint stability after canine cranial cruciate ligament graft reconstruction varies among femoral fixation sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify stability in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient canine stifles with hamstring grafts affixed at 3 femoral locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine stifle motion study using a multi-cohort, repeated measures design.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 canine cadaver stifles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hamstring grafts (HG) were affixed at the gracilis-semitendinosus insertion and on the lateral femur (1) proximal trochlear ridge (TR), (2) craniodistal to fabella (F), or (3) condyle center (CC). Total, cranial, and caudal tibial translation and total, medial, and lateral angular displacement, with and without translational load, were quantified with the CrCL intact, transected, and reconstructed. Angular displacement was quantified from points on the distal femur and proximal tibia. Graft strain was calculated from tissue displacement measured at joint angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tibial translation was lowest in F constructs, which also achieved the least difference in tibial translation from intact stifles. Tibial translation was lower in intact stifles than in CrCL transected or reconstructed stifles. Less angular displacement of the proximal tibia was detected in the medial than in the lateral direction, and tibial displacement was lower in the cranial than the caudal direction. Angular displacement was lowest in the F treatment group. F constructs had the lowest graft strain at joint angles greater than 30°.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Femoral fixation of a canine hamstring graft craniodistal to the lateral fabella conferred the best joint stability and lowest graft strain in vitro. No fixation method restored joint stability of the intact CrCL.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Louisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Ho-Eckart
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, New Orleans Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Lindsey M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Luizza
authors.affiliation: Statistical Services Unit, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
authors.forename: Mandi J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lopez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002102:Cadaver; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery*; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures