title: Growth and Morbidity of Gambian Infants are Influenced by Maternal Milk Oligosaccharides and Infant Gut Microbiota.
abstract: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) play an important role in the health of an infant as substrate for beneficial gut bacteria. Little is known about the effects of HMO composition and its changes on the morbidity and growth outcomes of infants living in areas with high infection rates. Mother's HMO composition and infant gut microbiota from 33 Gambian mother/infant pairs at 4, 16, and 20 weeks postpartum were analyzed for relationships between HMOs, microbiota, and infant morbidity and growth. The data indicate that lacto-N-fucopentaose I was associated with decreased infant morbidity, and 3'-sialyllactose was found to be a good indicator of infant weight-for-age. Because HMOs, gut microbiota, and infant health are interrelated, the relationship between infant health and their microbiome were analyzed. While bifidobacteria were the dominant genus in the infant gut overall, Dialister and Prevotella were negatively correlated with morbidity, and Bacteroides was increased in infants with abnormal calprotectin. Mothers nursing in the wet season (July to October) produced significantly less oligosaccharides compared to those nursing in the dry season (November to June). These results suggest that specific types and structures of HMOs are sensitive to environmental conditions, protective of morbidity, predictive of growth, and correlated with specific microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Jasmine C C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Zachery T
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.|Health and Society Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK.|MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sophie E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: MRC Unit, The Gambia and MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene &Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.affiliation: Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Carlito B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lebrilla
authors.affiliation: Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.|Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
mesh_terms: D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005714:Gambia; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D009017:Morbidity; D009035:Mothers; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D049590:Postpartum Period / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D039841:Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex; D009844:Oligosaccharides