title: Sensitivity distribution simulations of surface electrode configurations for electrical impedance myography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surface-based electrical impedance myography (EIM) is sensitive to muscle condition in neuromuscular disorders. However, the specific contribution of muscle to the obtained EIM values is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We combined theory and the finite element method to calculate the electrical current distribution in a 3-dimensional model using different electrode array designs and subcutaneous fat thicknesses (SFTs). Through a sensitivity analysis, we decoupled the contribution of muscle from other surrounding tissues in the measured surface impedance values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The contribution of muscle to surface EIM values varied greatly depending on the electrode array size and the SFT. For example, the contribution of muscle with 6-mm SFT was 8% for a small array compared with 32% for a large array.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach presented can be employed to inform the design of robust EIM electrode configurations that maximize the contribution of muscle across the disease and injury spectrum. Muscle Nerve 56: 887-895, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA.
authors.forename: Seward B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Rutkove
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pacheck
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, DA-0730A, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, Masachusetts, 02215-5491, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-9847
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009213:Myography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D050151:Subcutaneous Fat / Q000502:physiology
keywords: electrical impedance myography; electrodes; electrophysiological measurement; muscle; subcutaneous fat