title: Yoga Practice for Reducing the Male Obesity and Weight Related Psychological Difficulties-A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is a health disorder and increasing all over the world. It is also a cause for many non-communicable diseases. Yoga practice reduces the stress level which may improve the eating habits and help in weight reduction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the final outcome of the effects after 3 months of the 14 weeks yoga training on obesity of adult male in an urban setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized controlled trial with parallel groups (Yoga and Control groups) on male obese. Total 80 subjects with Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 to 35 kg/cm2were enrolled and randomized into two equal groups in which 72 subjects (yoga n = 37 and control n=35) completed the trial. Yoga group mean age ± SD was 40.03±8.74 and Control group mean age±SD was 42.20±12.06. A 14 weeks special IAYT (Integrated Approach of Yoga Therapy) yoga training was given to the Yoga group and no specific activity was given to Control group. The interim results of this study at 14 weeks were covered in another article which is under process. After the 14 weeks of yoga training the Yoga group was asked to continue the yoga practice for the next 3 months and the Control group was not given any physical activity. The final outcome is covered in this paper. The assessments were anthropometric parameters of body weight (Wt), BMI (Body Mass Index), MAC (Mid-upper Arm Circumferences of left and right arm), WC (Waist Circumference), HC (Hip Circumference), WHR (Waist Hip Ratio), SKF (Skin Fold Thickness) of biceps, triceps, sub scapular, suprailiac and cumulative skin fold thickness value), Percentage body fat based on SKF and Psychological questionnaires of PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) and AAQW (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight related difficulty). Assessments were taken after 3 months of yoga training, for both Yoga and Control groups. Within group, between group and correlation analyses were carried out using SPSS 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Improvement in anthropometric and psychological parameters such as Wt, Percentage body fat, PSS were observed in the final outcome. Also, some of the improvements such as AAQW score were lost in the final outcome, compared to interim results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The yoga practice is effective for obesity control for adult male in an urban setting.
authors.affiliation: Research Scholar, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana , Bengaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rshikesan
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana , Bengaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Pailoor
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Subramanya
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana , Bengaluru, Karnataka, India .
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nidhi
keywords: Body mass index; Overweight; Perceived stress scale; Skin fold thickness; Waist circumference