title: Bilateral anterior capsulotomy and amygdalotomy for mental retardation with psychiatric symptoms and aggression: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mental retardation (MR) is a chronic condition that often has no readily identifiable cause or treatment. Aggression and psychiatric symptoms are prevalent in children with MR. Surgical treatment of aggression and psychiatric symptoms of MR is seldom investigated and studies are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We encountered a 19-year-old female who had MR with aggression and psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  She was diagnosed with mild MR with aggressiveness and psychiatric symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Because the patient was refractory to conservative treatment, bilateral anterior capsulotomy and amygdaloid neurosurgery were performed for her psychiatric symptoms and aggression. The benefits and side effects of the surgery were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After surgery, the patient showed significant alleviation of her psychiatric symptoms and aggression with no observed side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral anterior capsulotomy in combination with amygdaloid neurosurgery may resolve both psychiatric and aggressive symptoms. Future investigations of control studies with large patient cohorts are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
authors.forename: Shizhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peizhi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult