title: Distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells after fluid resuscitation in mice with hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the distribution and differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in hemorrhagic shock mice, which are resuscitated with normal saline (NS), hypertonic saline (HTS), and hydroxyethyl starch (HES).
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, NS, HTS, and HES resuscitation groups. Three subgroups (n=8) in each resuscitation group were marked as 2, 24, and 72 h. Flow cytometry was used to detect the MDSCs, monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs), and granulocytic/neutrophilic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) in peripheral blood nucleated cells (PBNCs), spleen single-cell suspension, and bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MDSCs in BMNCs among three resuscitation groups were lower 2 h after shock, in PBNCs of the HTS group were higher, and in spleen of the NS group were lower (all P<0.05 vs. control). The M-MDSC/G-MDSC ratios in PBNCs of the HTS and HES groups were lower (both P<0.05 vs. control). At 24 h, the MDSCs in PBNCs of the NS and HTS groups were higher, while the spleen MDSCs in the HTS group were higher (all P<0.05 vs. control). The M-MDSC/G-MDSC ratios were all less in PBNCs, spleen, and BMNCs of the NS and HTS groups, and were lower in BMNCs of the HES group (all P<0.05 vs. control). At 72 h, the elevated MDSCs in PBNCs were presented in the HTS and HES groups, and in spleen the augment turned up in three resuscitation groups (all P<0.05 vs. control). The inclined ratios to M-MDSC were exhibited in spleen of the NS and HTS groups, and in PBNCs of the NS group; the inclination to G-MDSC in BMNCs was shown in the HES group (all P<0.05 vs. control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HTS induces the earlier elevation of MDSCs in peripheral blood and spleen, and influences its distribution and differentiation, while HES has a less effect on the distribution but a stronger impact on the differentiation of MDSCs, especially in bone marrow.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Kun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Liang-Jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Yuan-Qiang
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000072737:Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011897:Random Allocation; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic
keywords: Hemorrhagic shock; Hydroxyethyl starch; Hypertonic saline; Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; Normal saline