title: Survival impact of local extension sites in surgically treated patients with temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a rare malignancy. Due to its low incidence rate, studies involving TSCC treatment are limited. The aim of this study is to define the prognostic factors of surgery for TSCC by evaluating our clinical experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the clinical charts of patients presenting at the University of Tokyo Hospital between 2001 and 2014 and identified 33 patients with TSCC who had been treated with surgery as initial curative treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lateral and subtotal temporal bone resections were performed in 17 and 16 patients, respectively. The 5-year disease-specific and overall survival rate were 71 and 62%, respectively. The significant poor prognostic factors were pathological T4 (P = 0.03), dural invasion (P = 0.008), temporomandibular joint invasion (P = 0.04), and a positive surgical margin (P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that the outcome of curative surgery for TSCC as initial treatment was favorable. However, because of the difficulty to ensure an adequate or clear surgical margin due to anatomical complexity, the surgical indication for T4 TSCC with temporomandibular joint invasion should be reconsidered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan. goomura@msn.com.
authors.forename: Go
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-3667
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kakigi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.|Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Lateral temporal bone resection; Prognosis; Squamous cell carcinoma; Subtotal temporal bone resection; Temporal bone