title: Increased expression of Cks1 protein is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Cks1 protein is an essential factor in regulating cell cycle by mediating the ubiquitination of CDK inhibitor p27kip1. It has been reported that aberrant expression of Cks1 and p27kip1proteins was found in various tumors and related to initiation and progression of carcinomas. However, the potential roles which Cks1 and p27KIP1proteins play in NPC remain unclear. This study aims to examine the expression status of Cks1 and p27kip1and their possible prognostic significance in NPC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded specimens with NPC (n = 168) and non-tumor nasopharyngeal tissues (n = 49) were analyzed by IHC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of Cks1 increased in NPC tissues compared with non-tumor nasopharyngeal tissues (P < 0.05), whereas p27kip1protein frequently expressed in non-tumor nasopharyngeal tissues compared with NPC tissues (P < 0.05). There was a significant reverse correlation between Cks1 and p27kip1protein expression in NPC (r = -0.189, P < 0.05).In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that there was a significant tendency of shorter overall survival (OS) in NPC patients with Cks1 positive expression compared to negative ones, especially in patients with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001, respectively). But there was no significance between p27kip1expression and survival viability of NPC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis further identified increased expression of Cks1 was the independent poor prognostic factor for NPC (p = 0.13).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our research found expression of Cks1 increased and was inverse to the expression of p27KIP1. High expression of Cks1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and survival status in NPC. In addition, the abnormally high level of Cks1 protein was proved to be an independent poor prognostic factor in NPC. These results may provide novel clue for NPC therapy method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Songqing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Shuzhou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Jiadi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Qiuyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Lingjiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China.
authors.forename: Sailan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chest Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Renmin Road 139, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China. shilei1000@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002277:Carcinoma; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077274:Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C093090:CKS1B protein, human; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
keywords: Cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit 1 (CKS1); Lymph node metastasis (LNM); Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC); Prognostic factor