title: KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in colorectal cancer and melanoma.
abstract: Cancers are the group of diseases, which arise because of the uncontrolled behavior of some of the genes in our cells. There are possibilities of gene amplifications, overexpressions, deletions and other anomalies which might lead to the development and spread of cancer. One of the most dangerous ways to the cancers is the mutations of the genes. The mutated genes can start unstoppable proliferation of cells, their uncontrolled motility, protection from apoptosis, the DNA mutation enhancement as well as other anomalies, leading to the cancer. This review focuses on the genes, which are frequently mutated in various cancers and are known to be important in the advance and progression of colorectal cancer and melanoma, namely KRAS, NRAS and BRAF.
authors.affiliation: Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland. j.cicenas@mapkinases.eu.|MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland. j.cicenas@mapkinases.eu.|Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania. j.cicenas@mapkinases.eu.
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9365-1843
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cicenas
authors.affiliation: School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
authors.forename: Linas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamosaitis
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio ave. 7, LT-01222, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Kotryna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kvederaviciute
authors.affiliation: MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ricardas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarvydas
authors.affiliation: MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gintare
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Staniute
authors.affiliation: MAP Kinase Resource, Bern, Switzerland.|The International Immunogenetics Information System (IMGT); Institut de Genitique Humaine (IGH), CNRS, 141 Rue de la Cardonille, 34396, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kalyan
authors.affiliation: Aleksandro Stulginskio University, Studentų g. 11, 53361, Akademija, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Edita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meskinyte-Kausiliene
authors.affiliation: Lithuania National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Vaidotas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stankevicius
authors.affiliation: Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius, Lithuania.
authors.forename: Mindaugas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valius
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
keywords: BRAF; Colorectal cancer; GTPase; KRAS; Kinase; Melanoma; Mutation; NRAS; Squamous cell anal cancer