title: Evaluation of Magnetic Nanoparticle-Labeled Chondrocytes Cultivated on a Type II Collagen-Chitosan/Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic) Acid Biphasic Scaffold.
abstract: Chondral or osteochondral defects are still controversial problems in orthopedics. Here, chondrocytes labeled with magnetic nanoparticles were cultivated on a biphasic, type II collagen-chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffold in an attempt to develop cultures with trackable cells exhibiting growth, differentiation, and regeneration. Rabbit chondrocytes were labeled with magnetic nanoparticles and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, and gene and protein expression analyses. The experimental results showed that the magnetic nanoparticles did not affect the phenotype of chondrocytes after cell labeling, nor were protein and gene expression affected. The biphasic type II collagen-chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid scaffold was characterized by SEM, and labeled chondrocytes showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the scaffold after cultivation onto the polymer. Cellular phenotype remained unaltered but with increased gene expression of type II collagen and aggrecan, as indicated by cell staining, indicating chondrogenesis. Decreased SRY-related high mobility group-box gene (Sox-9) levels of cultured chondrocytes indicated that differentiation was associated with osteogenesis. These results are encouraging for the development of techniques for trackable cartilage regeneration and osteochondral defect repair which may be applied in vivo and, eventually, in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan. su1491@adm.cgmh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Juin-Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan. zoe0xo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Shi-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medial University, Taipei 116, Taiwan. yupinjames@yahoo.com.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Pin
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan. itispay@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wei-Chuan
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020219:Chondrogenesis; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000737:chemistry*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: biphasic scaffold; chitosan; chondrocytes; magnetic nanoparticles; poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid); type II collagen