title: Indispensable role of the voltage-gated calcium channels in the procognitive effects of angiotensin IV.
abstract: Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play a major role in brain functioning, including that of cognition-related structures such as cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Cellular mechanisms underlying learning and memory enhancing effect of the neuropeptide angiotensin IV (Ang IV) have been linked to VGCCs but only in respect of its long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing effect.
  
  
  
  To assess behaviorally effects of L- and T-type VGCCs blocking drugs in low, behaviorally inactive, doses on Ang IV facilitation of recall of aversively (foot-shock) and appetitively (curiosity for novelty) motivated behaviors.
  
  
  
  About 240 male Wistar rats were used. All animals received oral (p.o.) dose of nimodipine (12mg/kg) or mibefradil (1mg/kg) dissolved in saline or saline alone followed by an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1nmol of Ang IV dissolved in 2μl of normal saline or saline alone 15min later. Groups of about 10 rats, separate for each experiment, were tested for recall of aversively (inhibitory avoidance, IA) and appetitively (object recognition, OR) reinforced behaviors. To verify lack of unspecific motor and emotional effects of our treatments separate groups of rats were tested in open field (OF) and elevated 'plus' maze (EPM), respectively.
  
  
  
  Both, nimodipine and mibefradil prevented recall facilitating effects of subsequently injected Ang IV. The peptide as well as both VGCCs blocking drugs had no (OF), or only negligible (EPM) effects on motor performance and emotionality of rats.
  
  
  
  The data support a notion about key role of the functional VGCCs in neuronal procognitive effects of Ang IV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15a, 15-274, Bialystok, Poland. Electronic address: braszko@umb.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Jan Józef
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Braszko
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020748:Mibefradil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; C012877:angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-; D020748:Mibefradil; D009553:Nimodipine
keywords: Angiotensin IV; Calcium channels; Memory; Mibefradil; Nimodipine; Rats