title: Validation of the Spanish Version of the ICECAP-O for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for a chronic disease, such as dementia, which impairs the quality of life of affected patients in addition to their length of life. This is important in the context of economic evaluations when interventions do not (only) affect HRQoL and these other factors also affect overall quality of life.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate the Spanish translation of the ICECAP-O's capability to measure Health-related quality of life in elderly with dementia who live in nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. For 217 residents living in 8 Spanish nursing homes, questionnaires were completed by nursing professionals serving as proxy respondents. We analyzed the internal consistency and other psychometric properties. We investigated the convergent validity of the ICECAP-O with other HRQoL instruments, the EQ-5D extended with a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C), the Alzheimer's Disease Related Quality of Life (ADRQL) measures, and the Barthel Index measure of activities of daily living (ADL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ICECAP-O presents satisfactory internal consistency (alpha 0.820). The factorial analysis indicated a structure of five principal dimensions that explain 66.57% of the total variance. Convergent validity between the ICECAP-O, EQ-5D+C, ADRQL, and Barthel Index scores was moderate to good (with correlations of 0.62, 0.61, and 0.68, respectively), but differed between dimensions of the instruments. Discriminant validity was confirmed by finding differences in ICECAP-O scores between subgroups based on ADL scores (0.70 low, 0.59 medium, and 0.39 high level care), dementia severity (0.72 mild, 0.63 medium, and 0.50 severe), and ages (0.59 below 75 years and 0.84 above 75 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presented the first use of a Spanish version of the ICECAP-O. The results indicate that the ICECAP-O appears to be a reliable Health-related quality of life measurement instrument showing good convergent and discriminant validity for people with dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sarabia-Cobo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7745-3006
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parás-Bravo
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Amo-Setién
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana Rosa
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Alconero-Camarero
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sáenz-Jalón
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres-Manrique
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sarabia-Lavín
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-6913
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Silio-García
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-6001
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Peña
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paz-Zulueta
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, University of Cantabria, Cantabria, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Santibáñez-Margüello
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires