title: Indication of spatial variations in annual cycles of functional groups of planktonic ciliates to environmental change in marine ecosystems.
abstract: The indication of spatial variations in annual cycles of functional groups of planktonic ciliates to environmental changes was studied in a bay, northern Yellow Sea. Samples were biweekly collected at five stations with different hydrographic conditions during a 1-year cycle. The second-stage-matrix-based multivariate approach was used to summarize the internal interactions of the ciliate functional groups among five stations during a 1-year period. The functional groups of the ciliates represented a clear spatial variation in annual cycle among five stations. Mantel analysis demonstrated that the spatial variation in annual cycles of the ciliate functional groups were significantly correlated with the changes nutrients (mainly soluble reactive phosphates and nitrates), alone or in combination with salinity among five stations. Based the results, it is suggested that the spatial variation in annual cycles of functional groups of planktonic ciliates may indicated the changes of hydrographic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. Electronic address: henglongxu@126.com.
authors.forename: Henglong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Guangjian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Warren
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D002681:China; D016798:Ciliophora; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D010933:Plankton; D012623:Seawater; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D060753:Water Quality
keywords: Annual cycle; Bioassessment; Functional group; Marine ecosystems; Planktonic ciliate; Water quality