title: Prevalence of Anaemia and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Adolescent Girls of Central Kerala.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adolescent age group is the window of opportunity to correct nutritional status of children. If we intervene correctly during this period we can prevent future consequences of nutritional deficiencies. Very few studies have been conducted in kerala regarding adolescent anaemia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls of central Kerala, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted among 257 adolescent girls of ettumanoor panchayat, the field practice area of Government Medical College, Kottayam. A pre-designed and pre-tested proforma was used to obtain data regarding socio-demographic details and factors associated with anaemia. Relevant clinical examination of participants were done. Blood samples were analysed using an auto-analyser and stool examination for ova or cyst was done under microscopy. Diagnosis of anaemia was established when haemoglobin was less than 12gm/dl. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16.0. Association between Categorical variables were tested with Chi-square test and continuous variables independent t-test was used. Logistic regression was used to find out independent risk factors. The level of significance was fixed at p-value of < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anaemia was 21%. Risk factors associated with anaemia in the univariate analysis were presence of ova or cyst in stool (p = 0.003, OR = 2.94) and number of pads per day during menstruation (p = 0.004). Protective factors were hand washing after toileting (p = 0.021, OR = 0.311), hand washing before food intake (p = 0.026, OR = 0.5), foot wear usage (p = 0.022, OR = 0.25) and jaggery consumption (0.042). The factors which were significant in logistic regression were worm infestation, number of pads per day, washing hands before food intake and foot wear usage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worm infestation and number of pads per day during menstruation were found to be risk factors for anaemia. Personal hygiene practices like hand washing and foot wear usage were found to be protective factors.
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College , Kottayam, Kerala, India .
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siva
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Government T.D. Medical College , Alappuzha, Kerala, India .
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sobha
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College , Idukki, Kerala, India .
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Manjula
keywords: Adolescence; Hand hygiene; Nutrition