title: A Cellular Model of Shear-Induced Hemolysis.
abstract: A novel model is presented to study red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis at cellular level. Under high shear rates, pores form on RBC membranes through which hemoglobin (Hb) leaks out and increases free Hb content of plasma leading to hemolysis. By coupling lattice Boltzmann and spring connected network models through immersed boundary method, we estimate hemolysis of a single RBC under various shear rates. First, we use adaptive meshing to find local strain distribution and critical sites on RBC membranes, and then we apply underlying molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate damage. Our approach comprises three sub-models: defining criteria of pore formation, calculating pore size, and measuring Hb diffusive flux out of pores. Our damage model uses information of different scales to predict cellular level hemolysis. Results are compared with experimental studies and other models in literature. The developed cellular damage model can be used as a predictive tool for hydrodynamic and hematologic design optimization of blood-wetting medical devices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics.
authors.forename: Salman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sohrabi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics.|Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Yaling
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Cellular model; Damage evaluation; Flow-induced hemolysis; Hemoglobin release; Red blood cell; Shear stress