title: Macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes.
abstract: Endothelial cells, as well as their major products nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin, play a key role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the genesis of diabetic vascular complications. The present review focuses on both large blood vessels and the microvasculature. The endothelial dysfunction in diabetic macrovascular complications is characterized by reduced NO bioavailability, poorly compensated for by increased production of prostacyclin and/or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, and increased production or action of endothelium-derived vasoconstrictors. The endothelial dysfunction of microvascular complications is primarily characterized by decreased release of NO, enhanced oxidative stress, increased production of inflammatory factors, abnormal angiogenesis, and impaired endothelial repair. In addition, non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) have emerged as participating in numerous cellular processes. Thus, this reviews pays special attention to microRNAs and their modulatory role in diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Some therapeutic strategies for preventing and restoring diabetic endothelial dysfunction are also highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Research Centre, Shanghai Key Laboratory of organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China.
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Vanhoutte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords: diabetes; endothelial cells; miRNA; microvasculature; nitric oxide; 一氧化氮; 微循环血管组织; 糖尿病; 血管内皮细胞