title: Personal Health Records: A Systematic Literature Review.
abstract: Information and communication technology (ICT) has transformed the health care field worldwide. One of the main drivers of this change is the electronic health record (EHR). However, there are still open issues and challenges because the EHR usually reflects the partial view of a health care provider without the ability for patients to control or interact with their data. Furthermore, with the growth of mobile and ubiquitous computing, the number of records regarding personal health is increasing exponentially. This movement has been characterized as the Internet of Things (IoT), including the widespread development of wearable computing technology and assorted types of health-related sensors. This leads to the need for an integrated method of storing health-related data, defined as the personal health record (PHR), which could be used by health care providers and patients. This approach could combine EHRs with data gathered from sensors or other wearable computing devices. This unified view of patients' health could be shared with providers, who may not only use previous health-related records but also expand them with data resulting from their interactions. Another PHR advantage is that patients can interact with their health data, making decisions that may positively affect their health.
  
  
  
  This work aimed to explore the recent literature related to PHRs by defining the taxonomy and identifying challenges and open questions. In addition, this study specifically sought to identify data types, standards, profiles, goals, methods, functions, and architecture with regard to PHRs.
  
  
  
  The method to achieve these objectives consists of using the systematic literature review approach, which is guided by research questions using the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and context (PICOC) criteria.
  
  
  
  As a result, we reviewed more than 5000 scientific studies published in the last 10 years, selected the most significant approaches, and thoroughly surveyed the health care field related to PHRs. We developed an updated taxonomy and identified challenges, open questions, and current data types, related standards, main profiles, input strategies, goals, functions, and architectures of the PHR.
  
  
  
  All of these results contribute to the achievement of a significant degree of coverage regarding the technology related to PHRs.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0312-1310
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roehrs
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristiano André
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3859-6199
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo da Rosa
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5080-7660
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Righi
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Computação Aplicada, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kleinner Silva Farias
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1891-3580
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D057286:Electronic Health Records; D055991:Health Records, Personal; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet
keywords: electronic health records; mobile health; patient access to records; personal health records; taxonomy