title: The opioid epidemic and neonatal abstinence syndrome in the USA: a review of the continuum of care.
abstract: As the prescription opioid epidemic grew in the USA, its impact extended to pregnant women and their infants. This review summarises how increasing rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome resulted in a need to improve care to pregnant women and opioid-exposed infants. We discuss the variations in care delivery with particular emphasis on screening at-risk mothers, scoring systems for neonatal drug withdrawal, type and duration of pharmacotherapy, and discharge safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Faouzi I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Maalouf
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Women's Research Institute University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Krans
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Vanderbilt Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Vanderbilt Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.|Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Patrick
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D058850:Opiate Substitution Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: Drug Withdrawal; Neonatology