title: Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis.
abstract: Nitrate reductase (NR) is a key enzyme for nitrogen acquisition by plants, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Nitrate, its main substrate, is required for signaling and is widely distributed in diverse tissues in plants. In addition, NR has been proposed as an important enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NR has been shown to play a role in NO homeostasis by supplying electrons from NAD(P)H through its diaphorase/dehydrogenase domain both to a truncated hemoglobin THB1, which scavenges NO by its dioxygenase activity, and to the molybdoenzyme NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR) that is responsible for NO synthesis from nitrite. We review how NR may play a central role in plant biology by controlling the amounts of NO, a key signaling molecule in plant cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamizo-Ampudia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain; Present address: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanz-Luque
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Llamas
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galvan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Campus de Rabanales, School of Sciences, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CeiA3), Edifico Severo Ochoa, Cordoba, Spain. Electronic address: bb1feree@uco.es.
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D006706:Homeostasis; D050901:Nitrate Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D050901:Nitrate Reductase
keywords: Chlamydomonas; molybdoenzymes; nitrate; nitric oxide; nitrite; nutrient assimilation; signaling; truncated hemoglobins