title: Genetic Nature of Elemental Contents in Wheat Grains and Its Genomic Prediction: Toward the Effective Use of Wheat Landraces from Afghanistan.
abstract: Profiling elemental contents in wheat grains and clarifying the underlying genetic systems are important for the breeding of biofortified crops. Our objective was to evaluate the genetic potential of 269 Afghan wheat landraces for increasing elemental contents in wheat cultivars. The contents of three major (Mg, K, and P) and three minor (Mn, Fe, and Zn) elements in wheat grains were measured by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Large variations in elemental contents were observed among landraces. Marker-based heritability estimates were low to moderate, suggesting that the elemental contents are complex quantitative traits. Genetic correlations between two locations (Japan and Afghanistan) and among the six elements were estimated using a multi-response Bayesian linear mixed model. Low-to-moderate genetic correlations were observed among major elements and among minor elements respectively, but not between major and minor elements. A single-response genome-wide association study detected only one significant marker, which was associated with Zn, suggesting it will be difficult to increase the elemental contents of wheat by conventional marker-assisted selection. Genomic predictions for major elemental contents were moderately or highly accurate, whereas those for minor elements were mostly low or moderate. Our results indicate genomic selection may be useful for the genetic improvement of elemental contents in wheat.
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Resources Division, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.|Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Riverside Transit Campus, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: Alagu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manickavelu
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Resources Division, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazusa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: College of Science and Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kondou
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onogi
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sustainable Resource Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Minami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.affiliation: Plant Genetic Resources Division, Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ban
mesh_terms: D000346:Afghanistan; D004777:Environment; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018745:Genome, Plant; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers