title: Effects of Condensation on Peri-implant Bone Density and Remodeling.
abstract: Bone condensation is thought to densify interfacial bone and thus improve implant primary stability, but scant data substantiate either claim. We developed a murine oral implant model to test these hypotheses. Osteotomies were created in healed maxillary extraction sites 1) by drilling or 2) by drilling followed by stepwise condensation with tapered osteotomes. Condensation increased interfacial bone density, as measured by a significant change in bone volume/total volume and trabecular spacing, but it simultaneously damaged the bone. On postimplant day 1, the condensed bone interface exhibited microfractures and osteoclast activity. Finite element modeling, mechanical testing, and immunohistochemical analyses at multiple time points throughout the osseointegration period demonstrated that condensation caused very high interfacial strains, marginal bone resorption, and no improvement in implant stability. Collectively, these multiscale analyses demonstrate that condensation does not positively contribute to implant stability.
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.|2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.|3 Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Brunski
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tulu
authors.affiliation: 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.|4 EA 2496, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory, Paris Descartes University-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France; and AP-HP Odontology Department Bretonneau, Hopitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Helms
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D015921:Dental Implants; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010027:Osteotomy; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: Implantology; bone mineral density; bone regeneration; dental implants; finite element analysis; osseointegration