title: The Prevalence of Malformations of Cortical Development in a Pediatric Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Population.
abstract: Brain AVM, cerebral abscess, and ischemic stroke are among the well known neurologic manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. However, recently reported data suggest an additional association with malformations of cortical development. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of malformations of cortical development in a population of pediatric patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
  
  
  
  A retrospective review of brain MRIs from 116 pediatric patients was performed. Each patient was referred from our institution's Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Clinic. Each MRI included a 3D sequence, most frequently MPRAGE. The 3D sequence was evaluated by a neuroradiology fellow, with specific attention to the presence or absence of malformations of cortical development. Positive studies were subsequently reviewed by 2 attending neuroradiologists, who rendered a final diagnosis.
  
  
  
  Fourteen of 116 (12.1%) patients were found to have a malformation of cortical development. Among these 14, there were 12 cases of polymicrogyria and 2 cases of bifrontal periventricular nodular heterotopia.
  
  
  
  Pediatric patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia have a relatively high prevalence of malformations of cortical development, typically perisylvian polymicrogyria.
authors.affiliation: From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (G.J.P., S.R.M., A.S., M.S.G.) gerald.palagallo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: G J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3245-2007
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Palagallo
authors.affiliation: From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (G.J.P., S.R.M., A.S., M.S.G.).
authors.forename: S R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4025-7604
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McWilliams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (L.A.S., A.J.W.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: L A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1168-7859
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sekarski
authors.affiliation: From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (G.J.P., S.R.M., A.S., M.S.G.).
authors.forename: A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5274-7999
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (G.J.P., S.R.M., A.S., M.S.G.).
authors.forename: M S
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1970-4270
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics (L.A.S., A.J.W.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: A J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9394-7823
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D054091:Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D065706:Polymicrogyria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013683:Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*