title: Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses.
abstract: A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of H5 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (clade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes.
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Mi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Byung-Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Gyeong-Beom
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Joojin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: You-Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suk Chan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: leeyj700@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Youn-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D000071225:Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral
keywords: H5N8; HPAI; Korea; Mandarin duck; Pathogenicity