title: The Biology of Ciliary Dynamics.
abstract: The cilium is an evolutionally conserved apical membrane protrusion that senses and transduces diverse signals to regulate a wide range of cellular activities. The cilium is dynamic in length, structure, and protein composition. Dysregulation of ciliary dynamics has been linked with ciliopathies and other human diseases. The cilium undergoes cell-cycle-dependent assembly and disassembly, with ciliary resorption linked with G1-S transition and cell-fate choice. In the resting cell, the cilium remains sensitive to environmental cues for remodeling during tissue homeostasis and repair. Recent findings further reveal an interplay between the cilium and extracellular vesicles and identify bioactive cilium-derived vesicles, posing a previously unrecognized role of cilia for sending signals. The photoreceptor outer segment is a notable dynamic cilium. A recently discovered protein transport mechanism in photoreceptors maintains light-regulated homeostasis of ciliary length.
authors.affiliation: The Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
authors.forename: Kuo-Shun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: The Margaret M. Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
authors.forename: Jen-Zen
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065.
authors.forename: Ching-Hwa
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans