title: Feasibility and Acceptability of Ecological Momentary Assessment of Daily Functioning Among Older Adults with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and initial validity of using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess daily functioning and other behavioral factors among older HIV+ adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty older HIV+ adults (mean age: 59 years) completed laboratory-based neurobehavioral and functional assessments then completed EMA surveys via smartphones five times per day for one week.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excellent EMA adherence (86.4%) was found, and participants rated their experience with EMA methods positively. Time-use data indicated participants were spending 74% of their waking-sampled time at home, 63% of their time alone, and 32% of their time engaged in passive leisure activities (e.g., watching TV). Better neurocognitive and functional capacity abilities were correlated with less time spent in passive leisure activities. Lastly, mood and cognitive symptom data collected via EMA were significantly associated with scores from laboratory-based assessments of these same constructs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMA via smartphones is a feasible and acceptable data collection method among older HIV+ adults and appears to be a promising mobile tool to assess daily functioning behaviors in HIV. These preliminary findings indicate older HIV+ adults are spending a considerable amount of time at home, alone, and engaged in passive leisure activities, primarily watching TV. EMA may contribute to future research examining functional disability among the growing population of older HIV+ adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Electronic address: r6moore@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Raeanne C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Alexandra S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Granholm
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX.
authors.forename: Steven Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.affiliation: National Center for Scientific Research, University of Bordeaux, EPHE, Bordeaux, France.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swendsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Heaton
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA; the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Depp
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000072860:Ecological Momentary Assessment; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D000068997:Smartphone
keywords: Ecological momentary assessment; HIV/AIDS; aging; daily functioning; disability; mHealth