title: Responses of Human Neonates to Highly Diluted Odorants from Sweat.
abstract: Conjugated forms of odorants contributing to sweat odor occur not only in human sweat but also in amniotic fluid, colostrum, and milk. However, it is unclear whether the released odorants are detected and hedonically discriminated by human newborns. To investigate this issue, we administered highly diluted solutions of (R)/(S)-3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (MSH), (R)/(S)-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (SH), (E)/(Z)-3-methylhex-2-enoic acid (3M2H), and (R)/(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid (HMHA) to 3-d-old infants while their respiratory rate and oro-facial movements were recorded. Adult sensitivity to these odorants was assessed via triangle tests. Whereas no neonatal stimulus-specific response was found for respiratory rate, oro-facial reactivity indicated orthonasal detection of MSH and SH by male neonates, and of HMHA by the whole group of neonates. Dependent on the dilution of odorants, newborns evinced neutral responses or longer negative oro-facial expressions compared with the reference stimuli. Finally, newborns appeared to be more sensitive to the target odorants than did adults.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France. helene.loos@ivv.fraunhofer.de.|Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. helene.loos@ivv.fraunhofer.de.|Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany. helene.loos@ivv.fraunhofer.de.
authors.forename: Helene M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.|Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doucet
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Védrines
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sharapa
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soussignan
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Biology, University Hospital Dijon, 1 bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21079, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sagot
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.|Department of Sensory Analytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Giggenhauser Straße 35, 85354, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buettner
authors.affiliation: Developmental Ethology and Cognitive Psychology Group, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 9E bd Jeanne d'Arc, 21000, Dijon, France.
authors.forename: Benoist
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schaal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002208:Caproates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D000441:Hexanols / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D013425:Sulfanilic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013542:Sweat; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: C539655:3-hydroxy-3-methyl-hexanoic acid; C516951:3-methyl-3-sulfonylhexan-1-ol; D002208:Caproates; D000441:Hexanols; D013425:Sulfanilic Acids; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C477019:3-mercaptohexanol
keywords: 3-hydroxy-3-methylhexanoic acid; 3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid; 3-methyl-3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol; 3-sulfanyl-1-hexanol; Human newborn; Olfaction