title: Gold Nanospheres-Stabilized Indocyanine Green as a Synchronous Photodynamic-Photothermal Therapy Platform That Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis.
abstract: Both photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are phototherapeutic approaches, which have been widely investigated for cancer therapy mediated by an external light source. Here, a nanosystem presenting the synchronous PTT and PDT effect realized through one-step near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation is reported. This system was fabricated by conjugating indocyanine green (ICG) on hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) using branched-polyethylenimine (PEI, MW = 10 kDa) as optimal linker, which provided a high ICG payload as well as a covering layer with suitable thickness on HAuNS to maintain ICG fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) productivity. The resulting system (ICG-PEI-HAuNS) had the molar ratio of ICG:PEI:Au = 3:0.33:5. Compared with free ICG, ICG-PEI-HAuNS exhibited dramatically enhanced stability of ICG molecules and greater intratumoral accumulation. The conjugation of ICG caused significantly higher plasmon absorption of ICG-PEI-HAuNS in the NIR region compared with HAuNS alone, inducing remarkably enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency and synchronous photodynamic effect under NIR light irradiation. Interestingly, compared with PTT or PDT alone, synchronous PTT and PDT produced by ICG-PEI-HAuNS upon NIR light irradiation induced significantly stronger antitumor and metastasis inhibition effects both in vitro and in vivo, which might be a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hanbo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zuhua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fenfen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingpo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University , 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou 310000, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongzhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-6299
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D006046:Gold; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D054118:Nanospheres; D009369:Neoplasms; D010778:Photochemotherapy
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: hollow gold nanospheres; indocyanine green; near-infrared light; photodynamic therapy; photothermal therapy; tumor metastasis