title: Clinimetric properties of the Glasgow Health Status Inventory, Glasgow Benefit Inventory, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow, and 4-Phase Rhinomanometry in adults with nasal obstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The validity of many measurement instruments frequently used in rhinology is unknown. This study describes clinimetric properties of well-known subjective and objective outcomes, i.e., the Glasgow Health Status Inventory, Glasgow Benefit Inventory, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow, and 4-Phase Rhinomanometry, in adults with nasal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Construct validity and responsiveness were determined in 111 patients. Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were analysed in 30 patients. We assessed content validity by interviewing patients and ENT-surgeons; construct validity by comparing hypothesised associations to calculated correlations between the outcomes; inter-rater reliability by having two researchers perform objective measurements in the same patients; intra-rater reliability by having one rater administer all instruments twice within a two-week interval; and responsiveness by comparing patients scores at baseline and three months after septoplasty or non-surgical management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All instruments demonstrated adequate content validity, inter-, and intra-rater reliability. Analyses of construct validity yielded low Pearsons correlations between the subjective and objective outcomes. Comparing septoplasty to non-surgical management, only the Glasgow Health Status Inventory scores were different between the two groups (mean difference 10.4, 95% CI 6.9 - 13.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All measurement instruments scored appropriately on content validity and reliability, but only the subjective GHSI scored well on responsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M H T
authors.initials: MMHT
authors.lastname: van Egmond
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Heerbeek
authors.affiliation: Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: E L M
authors.initials: ELM
authors.lastname: Ter Haar
authors.affiliation: Department of Operating Rooms, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rovers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D025363:Rhinomanometry / Q000379:methods*