title: Prevalence of anal infection due to high-risk human papillomavirus and analysis of E2 gene integrity among women with cervical abnormalities.
abstract: High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) infection has been associated with 90% of anal cancer cases. Women with abnormal cytology are a high-risk group to develop anal neoplasia. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and epidemiology of HR-HPV 16, 18, 45, and 58 anal infections in women with cervical abnormalities, as well as to assess E2 gene integrity.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was performed on 311 cervical and 311 anal samples from patients with abnormal cytology in two colposcopy clinics in Yucatan, Mexico. A specific PCR for oncogenes was performed in order to identify HVP 16, 18, 45 and 58. Real time PCR was used to amplify the whole HPV 16, 18, and 58 E2 gene to verify its integrity in anal samples.
  
  
  
  High risk HPV 16, 18, 58, and/or 45 were found in 41.47% (129/311) of cervical samples, and in 30.8% (96/331) of anal samples, with 18% (57/311) of the patients being positive in both samples. The same genotypes in both anatomical sites were observed in 11.25% (35/311). The E2 gene was disrupted in 82% of all tested samples. The frequency of genome disruption viral integration in anal samples by genotype was: HPV 58 (97.2%); HPV 16 (72.4%), and HPV 18 (0%).
  
  
  
  Women with cervical disease have HR-HPV anal infections, and most of them have the E2 gene disrupted, which represents a risk to develop anal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. Electronic address: glosa@correo.uady.mx.
authors.forename: María Del Refugio
authors.initials: MDR
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Losa
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Marylin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puerto-Solís
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ayora-Talavera
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Carvallo
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Euán-López
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Colposcopia, Hospital General de Valladolid, Secretaria de Salud, Valladolid, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: José I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cisneros-Cutz
authors.affiliation: Clínica de Colposcopía, Hospital General Agustín O'Horán, Secretaria de Salud, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ariel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosado-López
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Jesúa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Echeverría Salazar
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchy, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conde-Ferráez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anus cancer; Cervical cancer; Cáncer anal; Cáncer cervical; E2 gene; Gen E2; Human papillomavirus; Integración viral; Papilomavirus humano; Viral integration