title: Role of innate and adaptive immunity in obesity-associated metabolic disease.
abstract: Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, possibly related to adipose cell hypertrophy, hypoxia, and/or intestinal leakage of bacteria and their metabolic products, likely plays a critical role in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). Cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system residing in adipose tissues, as well as in the intestine, participate in this process. Thus, M1 macrophages, IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells promote IR, in part through secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, eosinophils, Th2 T cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells, and possibly Foxp3+ Tregs protect against IR through local control of inflammation.
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Shelley E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Engleman
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: C573415:IFNG protein, human; D007371:Interferon-gamma