title: Mutant botrocetin-2 inhibits von Willebrand factor-induced platelet agglutination.
abstract: Essentials Botrocetin-2 (Bot2) binds to von Willebrand factor (VWF) and induces platelet agglutination. We identified Bot2 residues that are required for binding to VWF and glycoprotein (GP) Ib. We produced a mutant Bot2 that binds to VWF but inhibits platelet agglutination. Mutant Bot2 could be used as a potential anti-thrombotic reagent to block VWF-GPIb interaction.
  
  
  
  Background Botrocetin-2 (Bot2) is a botrocetin-like protein composed of α and β subunits that have been cloned from the snake Bothrops jararaca. Bot2 binds specifically to von Willebrand factor (VWF), and the complex induces glycoprotein (GP) Ib-dependent platelet agglutination. Objectives To exploit Bot2's VWF-binding capacity in order to attempt to create a mutant Bot2 that binds to VWF but inhibits platelet agglutination. Methods and Results Several point mutations were introduced into Bot2 cDNA, and the recombinant protein (recombinant Bot2 [rBot2]) was purified on an anti-botrocetin column. The mutant rBot2 with either Ala at Asp70 in the β subunit (Aspβ70Ala), or Argβ115Ala and Lysβ117Ala, showed reduced platelet agglutination-inducing activity. rBot2 with Aspβ70Ala showed little binding activity towards immobilized VWF on an ELISA plate, whereas rBot2 with Argβ115Ala/Lysβ117Ala showed reduced binding activity towards GPIb (glycocalicin) after forming a complex with VWF. rBot2 point-mutated to oppositely charged Glu at both Argβ115 and Lysβ117 showed normal binding activity towards VWF but no platelet-agglutinating activity. Furthermore, this doubly mutated protein inhibited ristocetin-induced or high shear stress-induced platelet aggregation, and restrained thrombus formation under flow conditions. Conclusions Asp70 in the β subunit of botrocetin is important for VWF binding, and Arg115 and Lys117 in the β subunit are essential for interaction with GPIb. Doubly mutated rBot2, with Argβ115Glu and Lysβ117Glu, repels GPIb and might have potential as an antithrombotic reagent that specifically blocks VWF function. This is the first report on an artificial botrocetin that can inhibit the VWF-GPIb interaction.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Management and Information Science, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hamako
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Biosciences, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozeki
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Blood Transfusion Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D017837:Bothrops; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D050505:Mutant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D033081:Shear Strength; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D050505:Mutant Proteins; D019038:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIb-IX Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C023592:glycocalicin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; C030961:botrocetin
keywords: agglutination; glycoprotein; platelets; snake venom; von Willebrand factor