title: Point Organ Radiation Dose in Abdominal CT: Effect of Patient Off-Centering in an Experimental Human Cadaver Study.
abstract: To determine the effect of patient off-centering on point organ radiation dose measurements in a human cadaver scanned with routine abdominal CT protocol. A human cadaver (88 years, body-mass-index 20 kg/m2) was scanned with routine abdominal CT protocol on 128-slice dual source MDCT (Definition Flash, Siemens). A total of 18 scans were performed using two scan protocols (a) 120 kV-200 mAs fixed-mA (CTDIvol 14 mGy) (b) 120 kV-125 ref mAs (7 mGy) with automatic exposure control (AEC, CareDose 4D) at three different positions (a) gantry isocenter, (b) upward off-centering and (c) downward off-centering. Scanning was repeated three times at each position. Six thimble (in liver, stomach, kidney, pancreas, colon and urinary bladder) and four MOSFET dosimeters (on cornea, thyroid, testicle and breast) were placed for calculation of measured point organ doses. Organ dose estimations were retrieved from dose-tracking software (eXposure, Radimetrics). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. There was a significant difference between the trends of point organ doses with AEC and fixed-mA at all three positions (p < 0.01). Variation in point doses between fixed-mA and AEC protocols were statistically significant across all organs at all Table positions (p < 0.001). There was up to 5-6% decrease in point doses with upward off-centering and in downward off-centering. There were statistical significant differences in point doses from dosimeters and dose-tracking software (mean difference for internal organs, 5-36% for fixed-mA & 7-48% for AEC protocols; p < 0.001; mean difference for surface organs, >92% for both protocols; p < 0.0001). For both protocols, the highest mean difference in point doses was found for stomach and lowest for colon. Measured absorbed point doses in abdominal CT vary with patient-centering in the gantry isocenter. Due to lack of consideration of patient positioning in the dose estimation on automatic software-over estimation of the doses up to 92% was reported.
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Ranish Deedar
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ali Khawaja
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Sarabjeet
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padole
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Alexi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otrakji
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lira
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Siemens Healthcare USA, Malvern, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Primak
authors.affiliation: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: MGH Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Mannudeep K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kalra
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002102:Cadaver; D006801:Humans; D056888:Patient Positioning; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed