title: Multimodal fiber-probe spectroscopy allows detecting epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia in children.
abstract: We evaluated the diagnostic capability of a multimodal spectroscopic approach for classifying normal brain tissue and epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia in children. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy at two excitation wavelengths (378 nm and 445 nm) and Raman spectroscopy (at 785 nm excitation) for acquiring fluorescence and Raman spectra from 10 normal brains, 16 focal cortical dysplasia specimens and 1 cortical tuber tissue sites using a custom-built multimodal optical point spectroscopic system. We used principal component analysis combined with leave-one-sample-out-cross-validation for tissue classification. The study resulted in 100% sensitivity and 90% specificity using the information obtained from fluorescence at two distinct wavelengths and Raman spectroscopy for discriminating normal brain tissue and focal cortical dysplasia. Our results demonstrate that this methodology has the potential to be applied clinically for the detection of focal cortical dysplasia and can help to improve as precise as possible surgical resection of the dysplastic tissue during surgery for epilepsy. Schematic draw of the experimental setup used for fiber-probe spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.|European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anand
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.|European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cicchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience I, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50141, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Flavio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Buccoliero
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Department, Anna Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 24, 50139, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Optics-National Research Council (INO-CNR), Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.|European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.|Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco Saverio
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Pavone
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D054220:Malformations of Cortical Development / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman
keywords: focal cortical dysplasia; multimodal optical spectroscopy; principal component analysis