title: Substrate Specificity of Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C Subfamily and Effect of Azole Antifungal Agents on CYP2C8.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The metabolic activities of aminopyrine N-demethylation and tolbutamide methylhydroxylation by the human hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) 2C subfamily were compared and the effects of azole antifungal agent on the drug-metabolizing activity of CYP2C8 were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aminopyrine N-demethylation and tolbutamide methylhydroxylation by CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 were determined by the previous reported methods. The effects of five azole antifungal agents, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, and voriconazole, on the aminopyrine N-demethylation activity by CYP2C8 were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With regard to aminopyrine N-demethylation, CYP2C19 had the lowest Michaelis constant (Km) and CYP2C8 had the highest maximal velocity (Vmax) among the CYP2C subfamily members. The Vmax/Km values for CYP2C8 were the highest, followed by CYP2C19. For tolbutamide methylhydroxylation, the Km and Vmax for CYP2C19 were three and six times higher than the corresponding values for CYP2C9, and the Vmax/Km value for CYP2C19 was twice that for CYP2C9, whereas hydroxylated tolbutamide formed by CYP2C8 was not detected. Fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole at a concentration of 2 or 10 µM neither inhibited nor stimulated CYP2C8-mediated aminopyrine N-demethylation activity at substrate concentrations around the Km (5 mM). However, ketoconazole and miconazole noncompetitively inhibited CYP2C8-mediated aminopyrine N-demethylation with the inhibitory constant values of 1.98 and 0.86 µM, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that ketoconazole and miconazole might inhibit CYP2C8 clinically. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see "For Readers") may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue's contents page.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Yurie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imagawa
mesh_terms: D000632:Aminopyrine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001393:Azoles; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; C400322:cytochrome P-450 CYP2C subfamily; D000632:Aminopyrine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014044:Tolbutamide