title: Modeling of viral-bacterial coinfections at the molecular level using agonists of innate immunity receptors.
abstract: The combined effect of innate immunity receptors in viral-bacterial coinfections was studied in vitro using the primary culture of murine macrophages activated by different combinations of ligands of innate immunity receptors belonging to the family of Toll-like receptors. The activation of macrophages first with a viral ligand and then with a bacterial one significantly decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. Such attenuation of immune responses may occur during the development of bacterial complications in viral infections.
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.|Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Sviriaeva
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.|Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Korneev
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.|Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Drutskaya
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia.|Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nedospasov
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 32, Moscow, 119991, Russia. kuprash@eimb.ru.|Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Vorob'evy gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia. kuprash@eimb.ru.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Kuprash
mesh_terms: D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001853:Bone Marrow; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D060085:Coinfection / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D016207:Cytokines; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; C477038:Tlr7 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077271:Imiquimod