title: One-Year Developmental Outcomes for Infants of Mothers With Bipolar Disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few data about the development of infants born to women with bipolar disorder have been published. We hypothesized that infants of women with bipolar disorder (by DSM-IV criteria) treated with psychotropics (BD+) or untreated with psychotropics (BD-) would demonstrate poorer cognitive and behavioral development than infants of controls. On the basis of previous studies, we expected that psychotropic-exposed infants of women in the BD+ group would have poorer neuromotor performance during infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal study included 197 mother-infant dyads recruited to participate between July 2006 and March 2011: 81 with prenatal maternal bipolar disorder without psychotropic treatment (BD-, n = 27) or bipolar disorder with psychotropic exposure (BD+, n = 54) and 116 in which infants were exposed to neither bipolar disorder nor psychotropics. Maternal psychopathology and pharmacotherapy exposure assessments were completed at 20, 30, and 36 prenatal weeks and 12, 26, and 52 weeks postpartum. Infants were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Second Edition, which included the psychomotor (Psychomotor Development Index [PDI]), cognitive (Mental Development Index [MDI]), and behavioral (Behavioral Rating Scale [BRS]) components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither prenatal exposure to BD- or BD+ significantly impacted overall PDI (P = .2449), MDI (P = .7886), or BRS (P = .6072) scores. However, we observed a significant effect of BD+ exposure-by-time interaction for the BRS Motor Quality index (F₂₄₅ = 3.16, P = .0441), with BD+ exposed infants less likely to be above the 75th percentile at the 52-week assessment (mean = 11.5%) compared with BD- (mean = 40.0%) and nonexposed infants (mean = 48.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no significant impact of prenatal BD- or BD+ exposure on infant PDI, MDI, or overall BRS scores at 12, 26, or 52 weeks of age, with most scores remaining within normal limits. Consistent with previous studies, we found a specific effect of prenatal BD+ exposure on quality of motor functioning at 1 year. However, the majority of infants were within normal limits on this developmental outcome.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00585702.
authors.affiliation: St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Epidemiology, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105. aimee.santucci@stjude.org.|Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Aimee K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Santucci
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Psychology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Lynn T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Luther
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Heather F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Dorothy K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Sit
authors.affiliation: Asher Center for the Study and Treatment of Depressive Disorders, Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Wisner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs