title: Inside Out: HIV, the Gut Microbiome, and the Mucosal Immune System.
abstract: The components of the human gut microbiome have been found to influence a broad array of pathologic conditions ranging from heart disease to diabetes and even to cancer. HIV infection upsets the delicate balance in the normal host-microbe interaction both through alterations in the taxonomic composition of gut microbial communities as well as through disruption of the normal host response mechanisms. In this article we review the current methods of gut microbiome analysis and the resulting data regarding how HIV infection might change the balance of commensal bacteria in the gut. Additionally, we cover the various effects gut microbes have on host immune homeostasis and the preliminary but intriguing data on how HIV disrupts those mechanisms. Finally, we briefly describe some of the important biomolecules produced by gut microbiota and the role that they may play in maintaining host immune homeostasis with and without HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612; and.
authors.forename: Brett
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1715-4930
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045.
authors.forename: Cara C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612 Alan_Landay@rush.edu.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Landay
mesh_terms: D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*