title: Variation in the abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid with surf zone type.
abstract: Most harmful algal blooms (HAB) originate away from the shore and, for them to endanger human health, they must be first transported to shore after which they must enter the surf zone where they can be feed upon by filter feeders. The last step in this sequence, entrance into the surf zone, depends on surf zone hydrodynamics. During two 30-day periods, we sampled Pseudo-nitzschia and particulate domoic acid (pDA) in and offshore of a more dissipative surf zone at Sand City, California (2010) and sampled Pseudo-nitzschia in and out of reflective surf zones at a beach and rocky shores at Carmel River State Beach, California (2011). At Sand City, we measured domoic acid in sand crabs, Emerita analoga. In the more dissipative surf zone, concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia and pDA were an order of magnitude higher in samples from a rip current than in samples collected just seaward of the surf zone and were 1000 times more abundant than in samples from the shoals separating rip currents. Domoic acid was present in all the Emerita samples and varied directly with the concentration of pDA and Pseudo-nitzschia in the rip current. In the more reflective surf zones, Pseudo-nitzschia concentrations were 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than in samples from 125 and 20m from shore. Surf zone hydrodynamics affects the ingress of Pseudo-nitzschia into surf zones and the exposure of intertidal organisms to HABs on the inner shelf.
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA. Electronic address: ashanks@uoregon.edu.
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shanks
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, 2099 Westside Dr., Bodega Bay, CA 94923-0247, USA.
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacMahan
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Delft University of Technology, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ad J H M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Reniers
authors.affiliation: Ocean Sciences & Institute for Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kudela
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA.
authors.forename: Marley
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.affiliation: Department of Oceanography, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Monterey, CA 93943, USA.
authors.forename: Jenna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.affiliation: University of Oregon, Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, PO Box 5389, Charleston, OR 97420, USA; Ocean Sciences & Institute for Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ziccarelli
authors.affiliation: Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, 2099 Westside Dr., Bodega Bay, CA 94923-0247, USA.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Griesemer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D033381:Anomura / Q000737:chemistry; D002140:California; D017377:Diatoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D057097:Harmful Algal Bloom; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D011156:Population Density; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: C012301:domoic acid; D007608:Kainic Acid
keywords: Beach morphodynamics; Benthic pelagic coupling; Dissipative; Emerita; Reflective; Rip current