title: Effects of aqueous extracts of Taraxacum Officinale on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 in LPS-stimulated RMMVECs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mastitis gives rise to big financial burden to farm industry (mainly dairy production) and public health. Its incidence is currently high and therefore, highly effective treatments for therapy, especially with natural products are required. Taraxacum officinale has been reported to use for anti-inflammation. However, its effect on endothelium during mastitis has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We firstly established inflammation experimental model of rat mammary microvascular endothelial cells (RMMVECs). We evaluated the effects of dandelion leaf aqueous extracts (DAE) on LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators in RMMVECs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. We treated RMMVECs with 1 μg/ml LPS for 4 h and then incubated with 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL DAE for 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The expression (mRNA and protein level) of targets (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM1) was analyzed by employing real-time PCR and Western blots. The in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of DAE on mastitis within an Staphylococcus aureus-induced mouse model was also determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results showed that dandelion extracts at the concentration of 100 and 200 μg/mL could significantly inhibit both TNF-α and ICAM-1 expression in all time points checked while 10 μg/mL of dandelion only suppress both expression at 8 and 12 h post-treatment. The in vivo tests showed that the DAE inhibited the expression of TNF-α and ICAM-1 in a time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All results suggest that the endothelium may use as as a possible target of dandelion for anti-inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing, 102206, China.
authors.forename: Junjie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiqin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. muxiang1109@sina.com.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing Agricultural College\Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine (TCVM), Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China. yzj0909@126.com.
authors.forename: Zuojun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D031205:Taraxacum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
keywords: Dandelion; ICAM-1; Mastitis; RMMVECs; TNF-α