title: Effect of Lead Nanoparticles Inhalation on Bone Calcium Sensing Receptor, Hydroxyapatite Crystal and Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B in Rats.
abstract: This study aimed to investigate whether Pb nanoparticle exposure affects the bone calcium sensing receptor (CaSR), hydroxyapatite crystal, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK) in rats exposed to subchronic and chronic inhalation. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into eight groups. One group is a non-exposed group. While three groups were exposed to nanoparticles Pb at the following doses 6.25; 12.5; or 25 mg/m3an hour daily for 28 days. Another three groups were exposed to nanoparticles Pb at following doses 6.25; 12.5; and 25 mg/m3one hour daily for 6 months. The expression of trabecular CaSR was significantly decreased at the all doses subchronic exposure compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The CaSR expression significantly decreased in second and third doses subchronic exposure groups compared to the control groups (P < 0.05). With subchronic exposure, the crystal size was increased in second dose group and decreased in lowest and highest doses compared to the control (untreated) group. The crystal size and c-axis were decreased in all dose chronic exposures compared to the control (untreated) group. The expression of cortical RANK was significantly lower at the two lowest dose chronic exposures compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Pb nanoparticle inhibit hydroxyapatite crystal growth at least a part via down regulation of CaSR and RANK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Moh. Hoesin Hospital, Medical Faculty Sriwijaya University, Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Rendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leonas
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Zairin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Noor
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Hermawan Nagar
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Rasyid
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Tita Husnitawati
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Madjid
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Medical Faculty Padjadjaran University, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fachry Ambia
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tanjung
keywords: calcium sensing receptor; cortical; crystal; inhalation; trabecular