title: The effect of modifiable healthy practices on higher-level functional capacity decline among Japanese community dwellers.
abstract: This study aimed to clarify the effects of the accumulation of 8 modifiable practices related to health, including smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, sleeping hours, body mass index, dietary diversity,ikigai(life worth living), and health checkup status, on higher-level functional capacity decline among Japanese community dwellers. Data were derived from the National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging. Subjects comprised 1269 men and women aged 40 to 79 years at baseline (1997-2000) who participated in a follow-up postal survey (2013). Higher-level functional capacity was measured using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (total score and 3 subscales: instrumental self-maintenance, intellectual activity, and social role). The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for a decline in higher-level functional capacity in the follow-up study according to the total number of healthy practices were analyzed using the lowest category as a reference. Multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for the total score of higher-level functional capacity, which declined according to the total number of healthy practices (0-4, 5-6, 7-8 groups) were 1.00 (reference), 0.63 (0.44-0.92), and 0.54 (0.31-0.94). For the score of social role decline, multivariate adjusted ORs (95% CIs) were 1.00 (reference), 0.62 (0.40-0.97), and 0.46 (0.23-0.90), respectively (P for trend = 0.04). Having more modifiable healthy practices, especially in social roles, may protect against a decline in higher-level functional capacity among middle-aged and elderly community dwellers in Japan.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishita
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tange
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomida
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.affiliation: National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan; Institute of Gerontology, Oberlin University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
keywords: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Community dwellers; Healthy practices; Higher-level functional capacity; Japan; NILS-LSA, National Institute for Longevity Sciences - Longitudinal Study of Aging; OR, odds ratio; QUANTIDD, Quantitative Index for Dietary Diversity; Social role; TMIG-IC, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence