title: Nanovesicle delivery to the liver via retinol binding protein and platelet-derived growth factor receptors: how targeting ligands affect biodistribution.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nanovesicles (NVs) conjugating ligands can deliver to the specific nidus. We designed a nanosystem targeting the injectable niosomes to liver for examining biodistribution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin A and antiplatelet-derived growth factor receptor antibody were employed as the ligands to be taken by hepatic stellate cells. The biodistribution in rats was visualized by bioimaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant liver accumulation was detected for antibody-embedded NVs at 2 h after dosing. The vitamin A embedded NVs exhibited a delayed targeting to the liver (5 h). The spleen, intestine and kidneys were the nontargeted organs where the vitamin A loaded niosomes largely accumulated. The antibody-loaded NVs could deliver to the spleen, kidneys and lungs. The antibody-loaded nanocarriers increased silibinin uptake to lungs by fourfold than the plain NVs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results have practical application for better designing of active targeting nanocarriers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition & Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine & Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Yun
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ibrahim A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Aljuffali
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: You-Shan
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine & Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science & Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.|Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jia-You
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D055166:Hepatic Stellate Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D053769:Nanocapsules / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077385:Silybin; D012838:Silymarin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D053769:Nanocapsules; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D012838:Silymarin; D000077385:Silybin; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
keywords: antibody; biodistribution; liver; nanovesicle; niosome; vitamin A