title: Chemical Modifications to RNA: A New Layer of Gene Expression Regulation.
abstract: The first chemical modification to RNA was discovered nearly 60 years ago; to date, more than 100 chemically distinct modifications have been identified in cellular RNA. With the recent development of novel chemical and/or biochemical methods, dynamic modifications to RNA have been identified in the transcriptome, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), inosine (I), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), pseudouridine (Ψ), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hm5C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A). Collectively, the multitude of RNA modifications are termed epitranscriptome, leading to the emerging field of epitranscriptomics. In this review, we primarily focus on recently reported chemical modifications to mRNA; we discuss their chemical properties, biological functions, and mechanisms with an emphasis on their high-throughput detection methods. We also envision that future tools, particularly novel chemical biology methods, could further facilitate and enable studies in the field of epitranscriptomics.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and ‡Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and ‡Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Chengqi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2540-9729
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yi
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012313:RNA