title: Three-Dimensional Electrodes for High-Performance Bioelectrochemical Systems.
abstract: Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are groups of bioelectrochemical technologies and platforms that could facilitate versatile environmental and biological applications. The performance of BES is mainly determined by the key process of electron transfer at the bacteria and electrode interface, which is known as extracellular electron transfer (EET). Thus, developing novel electrodes to encourage bacteria attachment and enhance EET efficiency is of great significance. Recently, three-dimensional (3D) electrodes, which provide large specific area for bacteria attachment and macroporous structures for substrate diffusion, have emerged as a promising electrode for high-performance BES. Herein, a comprehensive review of versatile methodology developed for 3D electrode fabrication is presented. This review article is organized based on the categorization of 3D electrode fabrication strategy and BES performance comparison. In particular, the advantages and shortcomings of these 3D electrodes are presented and their future development is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. yyyu@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yang-Yang
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. daneszh@126.com.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. srw568@163.com.
authors.forename: Rong-Wei
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Si
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. jzsun1002@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. liuxiang0222@126.com.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China. ycyong@ujs.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yang-Chun
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yong
mesh_terms: D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources / Q000382:microbiology*; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004566:Electrodes; D004579:Electron Transport; D004867:Equipment Design; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D016062:Porosity
keywords: bioelectrochemical systems; macroporous; microbial fuel cells; nanostructure; three-dimensional electrode