title: Advantage of sorafenib combined with radiofrequency ablation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Among the surgical and nonsurgical treatments available, radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and sorafenib have been shown to have efficacy. There is little evidence whether combination of these therapies would have additional benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a mouse model of HCC, effects of sorafenib were determined by tumor size, RFA-induced necrosis area (triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining), microvascular density (MVD; 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and anti-CD31 antibody staining), and tumor perfusion (magnetic resonance imaging).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RFA-induced necrosis area was 80.98 ± 9.14 and 69.49 ± 7.46 mm2 in mice administered 80 and 40 mg/kg sorafenib, respectively, but only 57.29 ± 3.39 mm2 in controls. Sorafenib also reduced tumor volume and enhanced RFA-induced tumor destruction in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced both MVD and tumor perfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest a potential role for combining RFA with sorafenib for treatment of HCC. Sorafenib could enhance RFA efficiency, possibly through its angiogenesis suppressive effects.
authors.affiliation:  Department of Surgery, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation:  Department of Surgery, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Muxing
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation:  Department of Surgery, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation:  Department of Ultrasound, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Jianke
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation:  Department of Surgery, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Heqing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation:  Department of Pathology, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation:  Department of Radiology, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation:  Department of Surgery, 2 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou - China.
authors.forename: Yulian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib