title: Guidelines for reproducing geometrical aspects of intra-oral radiographs images on cone-beam computed tomography.
abstract: Human identification requires comparison of individual traits of a person, depending on the availability and reproduction of antemortem (AM) records. If there is no presumed identity or AM exams are not available for comparison, the production of postmortem (PM) records is impaired. The purpose of this research is to describe and test standards to enable the comparison of antemortem periapical radiographs to images extracted from the manipulation of postmortem CBCT exams in multiple identification simulations in a randomized blind study. In a simulation, 20 CBCT images from dry skulls were used as PM records and 3 periapical radiographs (total of 60) that were randomized and blinded from the first examiner. In each case, an intentional incidence error of 10° was added in four different directions. Three points were selected in the AM radiograph, and the angle, linear measurements and proportion between these distances were collected. The AM data were used to mathematically find similar image geometry on a CBCT maximum intensity projection. Possible identification by superimposition was achieved in all cases, and statistical analysis proved the success in the reproduction of angular and length proportion using CBCT incidence manipulation. Significant reproducibility was also observed on intra- and inter-observer tests. In conclusion, the images extracted from CBCT could be compared to any periapical radiographs by superimposition, providing acceptable evidence to establish human identification. The application of this protocol is suitable for forensic practices with the high level of reproducibility and could be used as PM record when no AM records are available at the time of the exam.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: janainapcuri@usp.br.
authors.forename: Janaina Paiva
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: tbeaini@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thiago Leite
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Beaini
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: ricardohenrique@usp.br.
authors.forename: Ricardo Henrique Alves da
authors.initials: RHAD
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: rfmelani@usp.br.
authors.forename: Rodolfo Francisco Haltenhoff
authors.initials: RFH
authors.lastname: Melani
authors.affiliation: Stomatology Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: israel@indor.com.br.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chilvarquer
authors.affiliation: Forensic Dentistry Department of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: michelcrosato@usp.br.
authors.forename: Edgard Michel
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Crosato
mesh_terms: D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005553:Forensic Dentistry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D011897:Random Allocation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: Cone-beam computed tomography; Forensic dentistry; Human Identification; Radiography