title: Unraveling the microbial and functional diversity of Coamo thermal spring in Puerto Rico using metagenomic library generation and shotgun sequencing.
abstract: In Puerto Rico, the microbial diversity of the thermal spring (ThS) in Coamo has never been studied using metagenomics. The focus of our research was to generate a metagenomic library from the ThS of Coamo, Puerto Rico and explore the microbial and functional diversity. The metagenomic library from the ThS waters was generated using direct DNA isolation. High molecular weight (40 kbp) DNA was end-repaired, electro eluted and ligated into a fosmid vector (pCCFOS1); then transduced intoEscherichia coliEPI300-T1Rusing T1 bacteriophages. The library consisted of approximately 6000 clones, 90% containing metagenomic DNA. Next-Generation-Sequencing technology (Illumina MiSeq) was used to process the ThS metagenome. After removing the cloning vector, 122,026 sequences with 33.10 Mbps size and 64% of G + C content were annotated and analyzed using the MG-RAST online server. Bacteria showed to be the most abundant domain (95.84%) followed by unidentified sequences (2.28%), viruses (1.67%), eukaryotes (0.15%), and archaea (0.01%). The most abundant phyla wereProteobacteria(95.03%), followed by unidentified (2.28%), unclassified from viruses (1.74%),Firmicutes(0.20%) andActinobacteria(0.18%). The most abundant species wereEscherichia coli,Polaromonas naphthalenivorans,Albidiferax ferrireducensandAcidovoraxsp. Subsystem functional analysis showed that 20% of genes belong to transposable elements, 10% to clustering-based subsystems, and 8% to the production of cofactors. Functional analysis using NOG annotation showed that 82.79% of proteins are poorly characterized indicating the possibility of novel microbial functions and with potential biomedical and biotechnological applications. Metagenomic data was deposited into the NCBI database under the accession number SAMN06131862.
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, 108 Street Bo. Miradero Km 1.3, Zoo Entrance, Mayagüez 00680, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Ricky
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padilla-Del Valle
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, 108 Street Bo. Miradero Km 1.3, Zoo Entrance, Mayagüez 00680, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Morales-Vale
authors.affiliation: Biology Department, University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, 108 Street Bo. Miradero Km 1.3, Zoo Entrance, Mayagüez 00680, Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ríos-Velázquez
keywords: Bioprospect; Coamo; Fosmid library; Metagenome; Puerto Rico; Shotgun sequencing; Thermal spring