title: Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among People Living with HIV in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review.
abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of components associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of MS in the HIV population is increasing in epidemic proportions globally. However, the magnitude and characteristics of MS are not fully elucidated in developing countries. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components among people living with HIV (PLWH) in developing countries. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, other web sources, and by hand search. Articles were restricted to English language studies reporting on the prevalence of MS among PLWH in developing countries. Eighteen articles were included in the review. The studies were divided into Africa, South America, and Asia regions. The most frequent criterion used in the review was the National Cholesterol Education Program: Adult Treatment Program III 2001 definition. The prevalence of MS among PLWH ranged from 8.4% to 47% across the developing regions and comparable to the overall prevalence across the developed regions (7.8-52.2%). The mean prevalence was 30.5%, 21.5%, and 21.4% in Africa, Asia, and South America, respectively. The most frequent component observed was low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (50.1%). This systematic review provides an essential overview on the distribution of MS in the HIV population across the developing regions. As these prevalences were comparably high in the developed regions, this review highlights the need for more robust research in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: 1 Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Sivaraj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.affiliation: 1 Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .|2 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Sasheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponnampalvanar
authors.affiliation: 3 Division of Geriatric, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Shahrul Bahyah
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kamaruzzaman
authors.affiliation: 1 Center of Excellence for Research in AIDS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .|2 Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia .
authors.forename: Adeeba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamarulzaman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013020:South America / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: HIV; developing countries; metabolic syndrome; prevalence; systematic review