title: Effect of sleep problems on depressive disorders 1 year after developing acute coronary syndrome: The K-DEPACS study.
abstract: This study investigated the effects of sleep disturbance evaluated within 2 weeks after patients developed acute coronary syndrome (ACS) on depressive disorders at the 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  
  A total of 1152 patients were recruited consecutively within 2 weeks after a confirmed ACS episode, and 828 were followed 1 year later. Sleep disturbances were evaluated at baseline using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), which subjectively assesses four sleep factors. At both examinations, depressive disorders were diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Baseline covariates included sociodemographic data, characteristics of depression, cardiovascular risk factors, and current cardiac status.
  
  
  
  Almost all aspects of the sleep disturbance and the increase in their worst state evaluated by the LSEQ within 2 weeks of ACS predicted both incident and persistent depressive disorders at the 1-year follow-up independent of covariates related to sleep problems.
  
  
  
  Data on sleep disturbance were obtained only by subjective reports.
  
  
  
  A simple evaluation of sleep disturbance in patients who recently developed ACS in a hospital setting could help predict depression at the chronic phase.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jmkim@chonnam.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jae-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hee-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung-Yeol
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il-Seon
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngkeun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; Depression; Longitudinal study; Sleep disorders