title: Acute Effects of Three Neuromuscular Warm-Up Strategies on Several Physical Performance Measures in Football Players.
abstract: No studies have analysed the acute effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee warm-up programmes on major physical performance measures. The aim of this study was to analyse the acute (post-exercise) effects of the FIFA 11+, Harmoknee and dynamic warm-up routines on several physical performance measures in amateur football players. A randomized, crossover and counterbalanced study design was used to address the purpose of this study. A total of sixteen amateur football players completed the following protocols in a randomized order on separate days: a) FIFA 11+; b) Harmoknee; and c) dynamic warm-up (DWU). In each experimental session, 19 physical performance measures (joint range of motion, hamstring to quadriceps [H/Q] strength ratios, dynamic postural control, 10 and 20 m sprint times, jump height and reactive strength index) were assessed. Measures were compared via a magnitude-based inference analysis. The results of this study showed no main effects between paired comparisons (FIFA 11+ vs. DWU, Harmoknee vs. DWU and Harmoknee vs. FIFA 11+) for joint range of motions, dynamic postural control, H/Q ratios, jumping height and reactive strength index measures. However, significant main effects (likely effects with a probability of >75-99%) were found for 10 (1.7%) and 20 (2.4%) m sprint times, demonstrating that both the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee resulted in slower sprint times in comparison with the DWU. Therefore, neither the FIFA 11+ nor the Harmoknee routines appear to be preferable to dynamic warm-up routines currently performed by most football players prior to training sessions and matches.
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calderón-López
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Delgado-Gosálbez
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parra-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pomares-Noguera
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Surgery, Physiotherapy Area, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hernández-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Valenciano
authors.affiliation: School of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Care, University of Gloucestershire, Gloucester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Ste Croix
mesh_terms: D056352:Athletes; D054874:Athletic Performance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053580:Muscle Strength; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012916:Soccer; D013997:Time Factors; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise