title: How different cystoscopy methods influence patient sexual satisfaction, anxiety, and depression levels: a randomized prospective trial.
abstract: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. BC diagnosis and surveillance is based on cystoscopy (CS). CS impact on patient's depression, anxiety, and sexual satisfaction (SS) is not sufficiently studied. There are no data on patient's comfort with flexible or rigid CS.
  
  
  
  We prospectively evaluated pain perception (PP), depression, anxiety, and SS of 100 male patients who previously underwent at least one rigid CS in our department as surveillance after TURB procedure due to non-muscle-invasive BC and were scheduled for the next CS examination. The patients were randomized for flexible or rigid CS. Before CS, patients described their recalled rigid CS-related pain by NRS and fulfilled HADS and SS questionnaires. After CS, PP was re-evaluated immediately and HADS and SS within 7-10 days following the CS.
  
  
  
  The baseline scores include 5.2 ± 2.6 points for rigid CS recalled pain, 7.2 ± 3.0 points for HADS anxiety, 5.8 ± 3.5 for depression, and 27.8 ± 5.1 for SS. The flexible CS-related pain was approximately three times lower than the recalled pain level and also than the current rigid CS related (p < 0.001). Mean SS score was two points lowered after rigid CS (p < 0.001). One point decrease in anxiety level was observed after flexible CS (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis supported the hypothesis of patients benefiting from flexible CS in terms of pain perception, anxiety symptoms, and SS.
  
  
  
  Our study demonstrates the superiority of flexible CS in terms of pain alleviation, and shifts in SS and anxiety levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland. wk@softstar.pl.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1727-2283
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kościelska-Kasprzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, ul. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rymaszewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Oncological Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zdrojowy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Anxiety; Bladder cancer; Cystoscopy; Depression; Pain; Sexual satisfaction