title: Bi- and uniciliated ependymal cells define continuous floor-plate-derived tanycytic territories.
abstract: Multiciliated ependymal (E1) cells line the brain ventricles and are essential for brain homeostasis. We previously identified in the lateral ventricles a rare ependymal subpopulation (E2) with only two cilia and unique basal bodies. Here we show that E2 cells form a distinct biciliated epithelium extending along the ventral third into the fourth ventricle. In the third ventricle floor, apical profiles with only primary cilia define an additional uniciliated (E3) epithelium. E2 and E3 cells' ultrastructure, marker expression and basal processes indicate that they correspond to subtypes of tanycytes. Using sonic hedgehog lineage tracing, we show that the third and fourth ventricle E2 and E3 epithelia originate from the anterior floor plate. E2 and E3 cells complete their differentiation 2-3 weeks after birth, suggesting a link to postnatal maturation. These data reveal discrete bands of E2 and E3 cells that may relay information from the CSF to underlying neural circuits along the ventral midline.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Zaman
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mirzadeh
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Yael
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusne
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, CIBERNED, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duran-Moreno
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cabrales
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, CIBERNED, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Perotin
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, CIBERNED, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46980, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garcia-Verdugo
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurological Surgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, USA.
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sanai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery and The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, 35 Medical Center Way, Room RMB-1036, Campus Box 0525, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Arturo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Buylla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001931:Brain Mapping; D051927:CD24 Antigen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004805:Ependyma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D063928:Ependymoglial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D064231:Nestin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D051927:CD24 Antigen; C497889:CD24 protein, human; C000628670:GFAP protein, human; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; C577484:NES protein, human; D064231:Nestin; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; C579160:S100B protein, human; C509239:SHH protein, human; D014746:Vimentin