title: The Prevalence and Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Result from the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD).
abstract: Anemia is a common and significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its prevalence and current management status has not been studied thoroughly in Korea. We examined the prevalence of anemia, its association with clinical and laboratory factors, and utilization of iron agents and erythropoiesis stimulating agents using the baseline data from the large-scale CKD cohort in Korea. We defined anemia when hemoglobin level was lower than 13.0 g/dL in males and 12.0 g/dL in females, or received by erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Overall prevalence of anemia was 45.0% among 2,198 non-dialysis CKD patients from stage 1 to 5. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) as a cause, CKD stages, body mass index (BMI), smoking, leukocyte count, serum albumin, iron markers, calcium, and phosphorus concentration were identified as independent risk factors for anemia. Considering the current coverage of Korean National Health Insurance System, only 7.9% among applicable patients were managed by intravenous iron agents, and 42.7% were managed by erythropoiesis stimulating agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Yeosu Chonnam Hospital, Yeosu, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Ryol
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2857-1142
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sue K
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-9707
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Yong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-8012
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeong Hoon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-9993
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Kyu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8632-5743
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hyun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-4507
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea. soi@eulji.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Suah
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8434-9944
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000032:analysis; D006397:Hematinics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins
keywords: Anemia; Chronic Kidney Disease; Korean