title: Rye polyphenols and the metabolism of n-3 fatty acids in rats: a dose dependent fatty fish-like effect.
abstract: As long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) of the n-3 series are critically important for human health, fish consumption has considerably increased in recent decades, resulting in overfishing to respond to the worldwide demand, to an extent that is not sustainable for consumers' health, fisheries economy, and marine ecology. In a recent study, it has been shown that whole rye (WR) consumption improves blood and liver n-3 LCFA levels and gut microbiota composition in rats compared to refined rye. The present work demonstrates that specific colonic polyphenol metabolites may dose dependently stimulate the synthesis of n-3 LCFA, possibly through their microbial and hepatic metabolites in rats. The intake of plant n-3 alpha-linolenic acid and WR results in a sort of fatty fish-like effect, demonstrating that the n-3 LCFA levels in blood and tissues could be increased without eating marine foods, and therefore without promoting unsustainable overfishing, and without damaging marine ecology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.|Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Fayçal
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ounnas
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Lorgeril
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire TIMC-IMAG CNRS UMR 5525, Cœur et Nutrition, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salen
authors.affiliation: Département de Biochimie, Pharmacologie et Toxicologie, Unité Biochimie Hormonale et Nutritionnelle, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laporte
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calani
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mena
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Furio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Rio
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, Environmental and Systems Biology, Inserm, U1055, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demeilliers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012434:Secale / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D059808:Polyphenols