title: The effect of a novel probiotic on metabolic biomarkers in adults with prediabetes and recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Shifts in the gastrointestinal microbiome have been shown to contribute to the progression of metabolic diseases including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Research suggests that in-vivo modulation of the gut microbiome by specific probiotic microorganisms may improve insulin sensitivity and blood sugar management, preventing or delaying the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, further research is needed to understand the effect of probiotics as a therapy for the treatment of metabolic diseases. An evidence-based multi-species probiotic was developed to encourage a shift in the gastrointestinal bacterial cohort from a disease-prone to a balanced state with the aim of improving metabolic markers associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  
  Sixty adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (diagnosed within the previous 12 months) will be enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Participants will be randomized to a multi-species probiotic or placebo for 12 weeks. Both groups will receive lifestyle and nutritional advice. The primary outcome measure is the change between groups in fasting plasma glucose levels from baseline to 12 weeks. Secondary outcome measures include, but are not limited to, the change in lipid profile, systemic inflammation, gut permeability, and faecal microbial and metabolomic profiles. Blood and stool samples are collected at baseline and 12 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  
  Intentional manipulation of gastrointestinal microbial profiles may be useful for preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated metabolic complications.
  
  
  
  Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12613001378718 . Registered on 16 December 2013.
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. talia.palacios@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Talia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1040-0724
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.|Medlab Clinical, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitetta
authors.affiliation: University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulson
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Claire D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.affiliation: School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Gareth S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Denyer
authors.affiliation: The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Caterson
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009517:New South Wales; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Gut microbiota; Prediabetes; Probiotics; Type 2 diabetes mellitus