title: Abiotic variables affect STX concentration in a meso-oligotrophic subtropical coastal lake dominated by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Cyanophyceae).
abstract: The cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is capable of producing toxins including saxitoxin (STX). Few studies have verified the influence of environmental variables on the production of STX and most have only been studied in the laboratory. The goal of this work was to identify the abiotic variables related to STX concentration in situ. The relationship among STX concentration and the physical variables, nutrients and chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration was examined in a meso-oligotrophic subtropical coastal lake dominated by C. raciborskii. A generalized linear model was developed, incorporating all variables measured monthly over a 45-month monitoring period. Conductivity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration provided the greatest explanatory power for STX concentration in situ. Previous studies suggested that C. raciborskii cells exposed to stress associated with higher ionic concentrations appear to activate the biosynthesis of STX suggesting that STX can elicit changes cell permeability and may contribute to the homeostasis of this organism. An increase of DIN concentration results in a higher concentration of STX which may be related to a reduced metabolic demand, since the uptake of inorganic nitrogen requires less energy than N2-fixation. Thus, increased DIN can favor the growth of C. raciborskii population or improve cellular homeostasis, both potentially increasing STX concentration in the aquatic system, which was observed through a delayed response pattern. The developed model, while providing only a moderate predictive power, can assist in the understanding of the environmental variables associated with increases in STX concentration, and in monitoring and minimizing the risks of toxic blooms.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Av. Mauro Ramos, 950, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88020-300, Brazil. Electronic address: brentano@ifsc.edu.br.
authors.forename: Débora Monteiro
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Brentano
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Campus Reitor David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address: eduardo.giehl@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo L Hettwer
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Giehl
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Ecologia de Águas Continentais, Campus Reitor David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC CEP 88040-900, Brazil. Electronic address: mauricio.petrucio@ufsc.br.
authors.forename: Maurício Mello
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Petrucio
mesh_terms: D046891:Cylindrospermopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D060106:Lakes / Q000737:chemistry*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012530:Saxitoxin; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Cyanotoxins; Drinking water; Environmental protected area; Management; Toxic cyanobacteria; Water supply