title: Accessing new understandings of trauma-informed care with queer birthing women in a rural context.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Participant narratives from a feminist and queer phenomenological study aim to broaden current understandings of trauma. Examining structural marginalisation within perinatal care relationships provides insights into the impact of dominant models of care on queer birthing women. More specifically, validation of queer experience as a key finding from the study offers trauma-informed strategies that reconstruct formerly disempowering perinatal relationships.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Heteronormativity governs birthing spaces and presents considerable challenges for queer birthing women who may also have an increased risk of trauma due to structurally marginalising processes that create and maintain socially constructed differences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the qualitative data was guided by feminist and queer phenomenology. This was well suited to understanding queer women's storied narratives of trauma, including disempowering processes of structural marginalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semistructured and conversational interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of thirteen queer-identified women who had experiences of birthing in rural Nova Scotia, Canada.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Validation was identified as meaningful for queer women in the context of perinatal care in rural Nova Scotia. Offering new perspectives on traditional models of assessment provide strategies to create a context of care that reconstructs the birthing space insofar as women at risk do not have to come out as queer in opposition to the expectation of heterosexuality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normative practices were found to further the effects of structural marginalisation suggesting that perinatal care providers, including nurses, can challenge dominant models of care and reconstruct the relationality between queer women and formerly disempowering expectations of heteronormativity that govern birthing spaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New trauma-informed assessment strategies reconstruct the relationality within historically disempowering perinatal relationships through potentiating difference which avoids retraumatising women with re-experiencing the process of coming out as queer in opposition to the expectation of heterosexuality.
authors.affiliation: Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5832-6017
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Searle
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University School of Nursing, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.affiliation: Dalhousie University School of Nursing, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1856-1653
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aston
authors.affiliation: Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burrow
mesh_terms: D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D019513:Feminism; D006801:Humans; D009674:Nova Scotia; D036801:Parturition / Q000502:physiology*; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012424:Rural Population; D000072339:Sexual and Gender Minorities / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: assessment; feminism; heteronormativity; perinatal nursing; phenomenology; queer; reconstruction; relational care; relationality; trauma-informed care