title: Altered fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation associated with cognitive dysfunction in first-episode drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that abnormities of both resting-state brain activity and cognitive dysfunction are frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the underlying relationship between these two aspects is less investigated. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cognitive dysfunction and altered resting-state brain function in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients.
  
  
  
  Twenty-five drug-naïve MDD patients and twenty-six age-, sex-, and education-matched normal controls were recruited in this study. Cognitive function was evaluated by using a series of validated test procedures. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained on a Philips 3.0 Tesla scanner and analysed using the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) method. Correlations of fALFF values with cognitive dysfunction were further analysed.
  
  
  
  Compared with healthy controls, MDD patients showed significantly fewer completed categories in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and decreased scores in the first and second subtests of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). However, the two groups did not differ in their performance on the Stroop Colour Word Test and Trail-making Test. MDD patients exhibited significantly decreased fALFF values in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG), left middle frontal gyrus, and left inferior frontal gyrus, as well as increased fALFF values in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, and the right caudate. Finally, the correlation analyses revealed that fALFF values in the left SFG and left ITG were associated with the number of WSCT completed categories and scores on the second subtest of the CPT in MDD, respectively.
  
  
  
  The present findings suggest that there is little evidence of an association between regional abnormalities in resting-state brain function and cognitive deficits in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Manli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Shaojia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain, Hang Zhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Lingjiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.|Mental Health Centre, Xiaoshan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jianbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Weihua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Shaohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jinwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Bio-X Lab, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder's Management of Zhejiang Province, No. 79, Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. yixu1961@163.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cognitive function; Fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF); Major depressive disorder