title: Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders.
abstract: Leptin is one of the most relevant factors secreted by adipose tissue and the forerunner of a class of molecules collectively called adipokines. Initially discovered in 1994, its crucial role as a central regulator in energy homeostasis has been largely described during the past 20 years. Once secreted into the circulation, leptin reaches the central and peripheral nervous systems and acts by binding and activating the long form of leptin receptor (LEPR), regulating appetite and food intake, bone mass, basal metabolism, reproductive function and insulin secretion, among other processes. Research on the regulation of different adipose tissues has provided important insights into the intricate network that links nutrition, metabolism and immune homeostasis. The neuroendocrine and immune systems communicate bi-directionally through common ligands and receptors during stress responses and inflammation, and control cellular immune responses in several pathological situations including immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. This Review discusses the latest findings regarding the role of leptin in the immune system and metabolism, with particular emphasis on its effect on autoimmune and/or inflammatory rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Abella
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Morena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scotece
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Universidad de Cantabria and IDIVAL, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Av. Valdecilla, Santander 39008, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gay
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gómez-Reino
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mera
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Department of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.affiliation: SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), The NEIRID Group (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Building C, Travesía da Choupana S/N, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
authors.forename: Oreste
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gualillo
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007154:Immune System Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000502:physiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D054411:Receptors, Leptin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D054411:Receptors, Leptin