title: Behavior of Pigs Reared in Enriched Environment: Alternatives to Extend Pigs Attention.
abstract: Three trials were carried out in a completely randomized design aiming to assess the behavior of pigs in growth phase in enriched environments. Trial 1 evaluated the effects of frequency of availability of environmental enrichment. The animals were assigned to four treatments: 1) control with no enrichment object; 2) objects provided for six consecutive days uninterruptedly; 3) objects provided on alternate days, and 4) objects provided for six consecutive days taken away by the end of the afternoon and replaced at dawn. Trial 2 assessed the effects of scent on animals' acceptance and maintenance of interest in objects. Animals were assigned to four treatments: 1) unscented object; 2) object with banana scent; 3) object with rum scent; 4) object with scents alternated every other day. Trial 3 aimed to assess the influence of environmental enrichment based on providing rewards at different difficulty levels. Animals were assigned to three treatments: 1) object with no reward; 2) object with a reward at an easy level; 3) object with a reward at a difficult level. Each trial had six days of behavioral observations every ten minutes for eight hours each day using images from video cameras. Enrichment objects stimulated the animals' natural behavior of nuzzling and exploring the environment. The way the objects were available did not impact the success of their use. Offering enrichment on alternate days or removing the objects by the end of the day was not an effective strategy to extend the animals' interest. The olfactory stimulus in environmental enrichment objects had no positive effect on extending the animals' interest on them, nor did alternating the aromas. The tactile stimulus was a key factor for object attractiveness. Providing environmental enrichment objects with rewards stimulated the exploratory behavior of pigs. The level of difficulty to obtain the reward may discourage the animals.
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Simone Pereira
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Machado
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabiana Ribeiro
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-6127
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Caldara
authors.affiliation: Center of Agrarian Science, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foppa
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Moura
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliane Maria Piano
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Garófallo
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Irenilza de Alencar
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Nääs
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane Maria Oliveira Dos Santos
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.affiliation: College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geyssane Farias
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*