title: Low Cost Simulator for Heart Surgery Training.
abstract: Introduce the low-cost and easy to purchase simulator without biological material so that any institution may promote extensive cardiovascular surgery training both in a hospital setting and at home without large budgets.
  
  
  
  A transparent plastic box is placed in a wooden frame, which is held by the edges using elastic bands, with the bottom turned upwards, where an oval opening is made, "simulating" a thoracotomy. For basic exercises in the aorta, the model presented by our service in the 2015 Brazilian Congress of Cardiovascular Surgery: a silicone ice tray, where one can train to make aortic purse-string suture, aortotomy, aortorrhaphy and proximal and distal anastomoses. Simulators for the training of valve replacement and valvoplasty, atrial septal defect repair and aortic diseases were added. These simulators are based on sewage pipes obtained in construction material stores and the silicone trays and ethyl vinyl acetate tissue were obtained in utility stores, all of them at a very low cost.
  
  
  
  The models were manufactured using inert materials easily found in regular stores and do not present contamination risk. They may be used in any environment and maybe stored without any difficulties. This training enabled young surgeons to familiarize and train different surgical techniques, including procedures for aortic diseases. In a subjective assessment, these surgeons reported that the training period led to improved surgical techniques in the surgical field.
  
  
  
  The model described in this protocol is effective and low-cost when compared to existing simulators, enabling a large array of cardiovascular surgery training.
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocha e Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lourenção
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goncharov
authors.affiliation: Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Jatene
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000193:education*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000191:economics*