title: Evaluation of Muscodor cinnamomi as an egg biofumigant for the reduction of microorganisms on eggshell surfaces and its effect on egg quality.
abstract: The presence of microorganisms on the eggshell surface is a factor of consideration in determining egg quality. These microorganisms can contribute to egg spoilage and can infect the egg. In this study, 18 morphotypes of microorganisms were isolated from eggshells. Morphological, biochemical, physiological and molecular analyses were used to identify these morphotypes into 7 species; Bacillus drentensis, Staphylococcus arlettae, Stap. cohnii, Stap. kloosii, Stap. saprophyticus, Stap. sciuri and Stap. xylosus. The potential of Muscodor cinnamomi to reduce the presence of microorganisms on eggshells by biological fumigation was investigated. The result showed that 16 strains of the tested microorganisms were inactivated after the exposure of the fungal volatile organic compounds. The most abundant compound was 2-methylpropanoic acid, followed by 3-methylbutan-1-ol. Our results indicated that a 24-h period of fumigation of 100g rye grain culture of M. cinnamomi was the minimum dose that could significantly reduce the number of microorganisms on the eggshell surface. Fumigated eggs from both box and cabinet fumigation trials showed significantly lower microbial numbers on the eggshell than non-fumigated eggs during the storage period of 14days. It was found that the values of the yolk index, albumen index and the Haugh unit of the eggs decreased during this storage time. However, those values of the fumigated eggs from both fumigation trials were found to be significantly higher than the non-fumigated eggs after the 24-h fumigation period and following storage for 5, 7 and 14days. However, the values of the albumen index were not found to have significantly increased over 5days of the box trial. This study is the first to report on mycofumigation activity for the purposes of reducing the presence of microorganisms on the surface of eggshells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Nakarin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suwannarach
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chariya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaewyana
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Arpaporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yodmeeklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jaturong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kumla
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology for Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: saisamorn.l@cmu.ac.th.
authors.forename: Saisamorn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumyong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000382:microbiology*; D004531:Eggs / Q000382:microbiology*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005651:Fumigation / Q000379:methods*; D004718:Saccharomycetales / Q000378:metabolism*; D012434:Secale / Q000382:microbiology; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Egg; Fungal endophyte; Mycofumigation; Volatile organic compound