title: Diet Quality during Infancy and Early Childhood in Children with and without Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: A DEDIPAC Study.
abstract: Previous studies have indicated that mothers of children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may modify their child's diet following risk notification. Our aim was to investigate the diet quality after notified of T1D risk in at-risk children compared to not-at-risk children. The quality of nutrient intake (PANDiet score) and food intake (analyzed by a newly developed score and the HuSKY score) were assessed using three-day dietary records collected for at-risk children (BABYDIET study,n= 109) and a matched sample of not-at-risk children (DONALD study,n= 205) at nine and 24 months of age. Nutrient and food intake quality were lower at nine months of age and food intake quality was lower at 24 months of age in at-risk than in not-at-risk children (p= 0.01 andp< 0.0001, respectively). The amount of added sugar was higher in at-risk children at both ages (p< 0.0001). In at-risk children, dietary quality was similar between children who were first exposed to gluten at six or 12 months of age. Despite being notified about their child's risk of T1D, the child's mother did not switch to healthier diets compared with not-at-risk mothers.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, University Clinic Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany. S-Schoen@gmx.net.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany. sibille.jergens@hotmail.com.|Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg 85764, Germany. sibille.jergens@hotmail.com.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany. sibille.jergens@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Sibille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jergens
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany. j.barbaresko@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Janett
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barbaresko
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany. noethlings@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nöthlings
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Child Nutrition, University Clinic Bochum, Bochum 44791, Germany. kersting@fke-do.de.
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kersting
authors.affiliation: DONALD Study Dortmund, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, University Branch Dortmund, Dortmund 44225, Germany. remer@uni-bonn.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Remer
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal 14558, Germany. marta.stelmach@dife.de.|Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan 60-572, Poland. marta.stelmach@dife.de.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stelmach-Mardas
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany. anette-g.ziegler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.|Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg 85764, Germany. anette-g.ziegler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany. anette-g.ziegler@helmholtz-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Anette-G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany. Sandra.hummel@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.|Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg 85764, Germany. Sandra.hummel@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.|German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg 85764, Germany. Sandra.hummel@lrz.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hummel
mesh_terms: D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000208:ethnology; D015930:Diet Records; D000072001:Diet, Healthy / Q000208:ethnology; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005248:Feeding Methods / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000208:ethnology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000208:ethnology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose
keywords: early childhood; food intake quality; infancy; nutrient intake quality; type 1 diabetes