title: Rice Husk Silica-Derived Nanomaterials for Battery Applications: A Literature Review.
abstract: Silica-rich rice husk (RH) is an abundant and sustainable agricultural waste. The recovery of value-added products from RH or its ash to explore an economic way for the valorization of agricultural wastes has attracted wide attention. For instance, RH can be converted to biofuels and biochars simultaneously via thermochemical processes. In general, the applications of RH biochars include soil remediation, pollutant removal, silicon battery materials, and so forth. This review concludes recent progress in the synthesis of RH-derived silicon materials for lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications. Silica nanomaterials produced from RH are initially discussed. RH amorphous silica can also be fabricated to crystal silicon used for battery materials via widely used magnesiothermic reduction. However, the RH-derived Si nanoparticles suffer from a low Coulombic efficiency in the initial charge/discharge and limited cycle life as anode materials due to high surface reactions and low thermodynamic stability. The synthesis of Si materials with nano/microhierarchical structure would be an ideal way to improve their electrochemical performances. Embedding nano-Si into 3D conductive matrix is an effective way to improve the structural stability. Among the Si/carbon composite materials, carbon nanotubdes (CNTs) are a promising matrix due to the wired morphology, high electronic conductivity, and robust structure. Additionally, CNTs can easily form 3D cross-linked conducting networks, ensuring effective electron transportation among active particles. Si nanomaterials with microhierarchical structures in which CNTs are tightly intertwined between the RH-derived Si nanoparticles have been proven to be ideal LIB anode materials.
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center of Environmental Cleaning Materials (ECM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (AEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology , Nanjing 210044, China.|Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Yokohama 226-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-6254
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies / Q000191:economics; D004566:Electrodes; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014866:Waste Products; D012822:Silicon Dioxide
keywords: battery materials; biosilica; magnesiothermic reduction; rice husk (RH); silicon