title: Long-term Survival Based on the Surgical Approach to Lobectomy For Clinical Stage I Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: Comparison of Robotic, Video-assisted Thoracic Surgery, and Thoracotomy Lobectomy.
abstract: To compare the long-term outcomes among robotic, video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and open lobectomy in stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  
  Survival comparisons between robotic, VATS, and open lobectomy in NSCLC have not yet been reported. Some studies have suggested that survival after VATS is superior, for unclear reasons.
  
  
  
  Three cohorts (robotic, VATS, and open) of clinical stage I NSCLC patients were matched by propensity score and compared to assess overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with the outcomes.
  
  
  
  From January 2002 to December 2012, 470 unique patients (172 robotic, 141 VATS, and 157 open) were included in the analysis. The robotic approach harvested a higher number of median stations of lymph nodes (5 for robotic vs 3 for VATS vs 4 for open; P < 0.001). Patients undergoing minimally invasive approaches had shorter median length of hospital stay (4 d for robotic vs 4 d for VATS vs 5 d for open; P < 0.001). The 5-year OS for the robotic, VATS, and open matched groups were 77.6%, 73.5%, and 77.9%, respectively, without a statistically significant difference; corresponding 5-year DFS were 72.7%, 65.5%, and 69.0%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference between the robotic and VATS groups (P = 0.047). However, multivariate analysis found that surgical approach was not independently associated with shorter OS and DFS.
  
  
  
  Minimally invasive approaches to lobectomy for clinical stage I NSCLC result in similar long-term survival as thoracotomy. Use of VATS and robotics is associated with shorter length of stay, and the robotic approach resulted in greater lymph node assessment.
authors.affiliation: *Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY †Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China ‡Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY §Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Hao-Xian
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kaitlin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Camelia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Sima
authors.forename: Manjit S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.forename: Prasad S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Adusumilli
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.forename: Nabil P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Valerie W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Rusch
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Bernard J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D057216:Propensity Score; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D065287:Robotic Surgical Procedures; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome