title: Effects of Different Concurrent Resistance and Aerobic Training Frequencies on Muscle Power and Muscle Quality in Trained Elderly Men: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
abstract: Muscle power is a strong predictor of functional status in the elderly population and is required to perform different daily activities. To compare the effects of different weekly training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality induced by concurrent training (resistance + aerobic) in previously trained elderly men. Twenty-four trained elderly men (65 ± 4 years), previously engaged in a regular concurrent training program, three times per week, for the previous five months, were randomly allocated to concurrent training programs in which training was performed either twice a week (2·week-1, n = 12) or three times per week (3·week-1, n = 12). The groups trained with an identical exercise intensity and volume per session for 10 weeks. Before and after the exercise training, we examined muscle power, as estimated by countermovement jump height; knee extensor isokinetic peak torque at 60 and 180o.s-1; and muscle quality, a quotient between the one-repetition maximum of the knee extensors and the sum of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness determined by ultrasonography. Additionally, as secondary outcomes, blood pressure and reactive hyperemia were evaluated. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures were used and statistical significance was set at α = 0.05. Muscular power (2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 10%) and muscle quality (2·week-1: 15%, and 3·week-1: 8%) improved with the concurrent exercise training (p< 0.001) but with no differences between groups. The isokinetic peak torque at 60 (2·week-1: 4%, and 3·week-1: 2%) and 180o.s-1(2·week-1: 7%, and 3·week-1: 1%) increased in both groups (p= 0.036 andp=0.014, respectively). There were no changes in blood pressure or reactive hyperemia with the concurrent training. Concurrent training performed twice a week promotes similar adaptations in muscular power and muscle quality when compared with the same program performed three times per week in previously trained elderly men.
authors.affiliation: 1Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 2Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: 1Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Fernando Martins
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kruel
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo Lusa
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cadore
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cristine Lima
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Alberton
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ronei Silveira
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Régis
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radaelli
authors.affiliation: 3Exercise Laboratory Research, Physical Education School, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schoenell
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain.
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.affiliation: 5Cardiovascular Aging Research Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: 1Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; 2Exercise Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Umpierre
keywords: Exercise; aerobic training; aging; combined training; functional outcomes; resistance training