title: Biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol in Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor: Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time, Biogenic Substrate, and Loading Rate.
abstract: The removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by a pure culture of Bacillus endophyticus strain immobilized on ceramic balls was studied in a packed bed biofilm reactor (PBBR). The biodegradation of 2,4-DCP was studied in fed-batch and continuous mode and the effect of different parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), biogenetic substrate concentration, and loading rate on the removal of 2,4-DCP were evaluated. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results established the biofilm formation on the ceramic beads. The maximum volumetric removal rate found to be 127.2 mg/L·d at loading rate of 172.8 mg/L·d with 73.6% degradation (12.5 hours of HRT, 90 mg/L of 2,4-DCP, 0.2 g/L of peptone). The bioreactor showed more than 98% removal of 2,4-DCP at loading rate of 115.2 mg/L·d at 12.5 hours of HRT and 0.2 g/L of peptone. Effect of peptone showed that lower peptone concentration increases the removal efficiency; however, some peptone is necessary to maintain the 2,4-DCP removal efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Pollution Abatement Lab, Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India - 769008.
authors.forename: Bhishma P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Arvind
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D019149:Bioreactors; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010461:Peptones; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D010461:Peptones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C004762:2,4-dichlorophenol