title: Self-citation of Medical and Non-medical Universities in Northern Iran.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-citation is one of the main challenges in the evaluation of researchers' scientific output. This study aimed at comparing the institutional self-citation among the universities located in Northern Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted as a scientometric study. Research population included all scientific productions of 16 Northern Iran Universities with at least 100 indexed documents indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) by 2 June 2015. The citation analysis section of WoS was used for data collection. SPSS was applied for data analysis. Study hypotheses were tested with two independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Producing 16,399 papers, northern Iran universities had 5.33% of contribution in Iran's scientific production. They received 84,058 citations with 17% and 12% of self-citations belonged to the non-medical and medical universities, respectively. Testing hypotheses revealed that increase in received citations significantly increases the rate of self-citation and increase in scientific production does not necessarily increase the rate of self-citation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of self-citation in the studied universities was not relatively high. However, investigating into the factors affecting the rate of and motives for self-citation needs further research.
authors.affiliation: General Education Department, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jahani
authors.affiliation: General Education Department, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
authors.forename: Mousa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yaminfirooz
keywords: Northern Iran; institutional self-citation; scientific output; universities