title: Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Breast Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prevalence estimates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among breast cancer patients varied widely in existing studies. This study aimed to provide an overall prevalence estimate of PTSD among breast cancer patients, and the prevalence estimates related to specific PTSD diagnosis tools.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic search of relevant articles was made from seven databases. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine Transformation was used to estimate the overall prevalence of PTSD. Sub-group and meta-regression analyses were used to investigate the between-study sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was examined using Egger's funnel plot and Begg test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pooled prevalence of PTSD among breast cancer patients was [9.6%, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI)=7.9-11.5%]. Studies that used Clinician Administered PTSD Scale-Form (CAPS) method alone yielded much higher prevalence (19.0%, 95%CI=13.1-25.5%, n=5) than three or fourth edition Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (SCID) method alone (3.0%, 95%CI= 2.2-3.9%, n=11). Prevalence estimates for studies that used the methods: PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) cut-off, PCL-C cluster, and Impact of Event Scale (IES) cut-off were (7.0%, 95%CI= 3.9-10.8%, n=10), (11.5%, 95%CI= 8.6-15.6%, n=11) and (15.1%, 95%CI= 12.3-18.2%, n=4), respectively. Heterogeneity between-study was substantial (I2=44.9-92.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 9.6% of the breast cancer patients would develop the PTSD symptoms. Those who were younger, non-Caucasian and recently completed treatment would be at a greater risk of developing PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Dept. of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jieru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cofie
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Atipatsa C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kaminga
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
authors.forename: Aizhong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: Breast cancer; Meta-analysis; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Prevalence