title: Bifidobacterium adolescentis protects against necrotizing enterocolitis and upregulates TOLLIP and SIGIRR in premature neonatal rats.
abstract: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the mechanism by which probiotics work is not clear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in an NEC rat model.
  
  
  
  Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were obtained by caesarean section after 20-21 d gestation and randomly divided into the following 3 groups: dam fed (DF), formula fed (FF), and formula + B. adolescentis (FB). Those in the FF and FB groups developed NEC after exposure to asphyxia and cold stress. All rats were sacrificed 72 h after birth and intestinal injury and mRNA expression of TLR4, TOLLIP and SIGIRR were assessed.
  
  
  
  B. adolescentis significantly increased the 72-h survival rate from 56.3% in the FF group to 86.7% in the FB group. B. adolescentis significantly reduced the histological score from a median of 3.0 in the FF group to a median of 1.0 in the FB group,and significantly decreased the rate of NEC-like intestinal injury from 77.8% in the FF group to 23.1% in the FB group. The mRNA expression of TLR4 increased 3.6 fold in the FF group but decreased by 2 fold from B. adolescentis treatment. mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR decreased 4.3 and 3.7 fold, respectively, in the FF group. B. adolescentis significantly increased mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR by 3.7 fold and 2.6 fold, respectively.
  
  
  
  This study demonstrated B. adolescentis prevents NEC in preterm neonatal rats and that the mechanism for this action might be associated with the alteration of TLR4, TOLLIP, and SIGIRR expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Wenshen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Long
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Huiheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong Province Maternal and Children's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 13, Guangyuanxi Road, Guangzhou, China. 1225990082@qq.com.
authors.forename: Yunbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D000070005:Bifidobacterium adolescentis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012313:RNA; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C546891:SIGIRR protein, human; C539480:tollip protein, rat
keywords: Necrotizing enterocolitis; Toll interacting protein; Toll-like receptor 4; single Ig IL-1-Related receptor