title: Diallyl disulfide attenuates acetaminophen-induced renal injury in rats.
abstract: This study investigated the protective effects of diallyl disulfide (DADS) against acetaminophen (AAP)-induced acute renal injury in male rats. We also investigated the effects of DADS on kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), which are novel biomarkers of nephrotoxicity in renal tissues, in response to AAP treatment. The following four experimental groups were evaluated: (1) vehicle control, (2) AAP (1,000 mg/kg), (3) AAP&DADS, and (4) DADS (50 mg/kg/day). AAP treatment caused acute kidney injury evidenced by increased serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and histopathological alterations. Additionally, Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed increased expression of KIM-1 and NGAL proteins in renal tissues of AAP-treated rats. In contrast, DADS pretreatment significantly attenuated the AAP-induced nephrotoxic effects, including serum BUN level and expression of KIM-1 and NGAL proteins. Histopathological studies confirmed the renoprotective effect of DADS. The results suggest that DADS prevents AAP-induced acute nephrotoxicity, and that KIM-1 and NGAL may be useful biomarkers for the detection and monitoring of acute kidney injury associated with AAP exposure.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, Cheongju, Korea.; College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Je-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hyeuk
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Na-Rae
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Yang
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Sik
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Choon
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Acetaminophen; KIM-1; NGAL; diallyl disulfide; nephrotoxicity; protective effect