title: Interleukin-1β secreted from betanodavirus-infected microglia caused the death of neurons in giant grouper brains.
abstract: High interleukin (IL)-1β gene expression was observed in dead giant grouper brains after nervous necrosis virus (NNV) infection. To investigate the neuronal death caused by NNV infection, primary tissue culture of giant grouper brains (pGB) was performed. In NNV-infected pGB cells, the viral capsid protein was detected in both neurons and microglia; furthermore, microglial proliferation and neuronal death were observed. The culture supernatant (CS) of NNV-infected pGB cells contained IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, which were mainly released from the microglia. A new batch of pGB cells was treated with CS, resulting in neuronal death, which could be prevented by blocking the IL-1β in the CS by using anti-IL-1β polyclonal antibodies. Moreover, pGB cells treated with recombinant IL-1β showed microglial proliferation and neuronal death. Thus, NNV infection may activate microglial proliferation and stimulate microglial secretion of IL-1β, which is a critical cytokine responsible for neuronal death in NNV-infected grouper brains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10002, Taiwan. Electronic address: yuchiwu@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yu-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. Electronic address: shauchi@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Shau-Chi
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D009474:Neurons / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D030381:Nodaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D012327:RNA Virus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
keywords: Batanodavirus; Grouper; Interleukin (IL)-1β; Microglia; Neuron; Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α