title: Population-relevant endpoints in the evaluation of endocrine-active substances (EAS) for ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment.
abstract: For ecotoxicological risk assessment, endocrine disruptors require the establishment of an endocrine mode of action (MoA) with a plausible link to a population-relevant adverse effect. Current ecotoxicity test methods incorporate mostly apical endpoints although some also include mechanistic endpoints, subcellular-through-organ level, which can help establish an endocrine MoA. However, the link between these endpoints and adverse population-level effects is often unclear. The case studies of endocrine-active substances (EAS) (tributyltin, ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, trenbolone, propiconazole, and vinclozolin) evaluated from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Pellston Workshop®"Ecotoxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" were used to evaluate the population relevance of toxicity endpoints in various taxa according to regulatory endocrine-disruptor frameworks such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Conceptual Framework for Testing and Assessment of Endocrine Disruptors. A wide variety of potentially endocrine-relevant endpoints were identified for mollusks, fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals, although the strength of the relationship between test endpoints and population-level effects was often uncertain. Furthermore, testing alone is insufficient for assessing potential adaptation and recovery processes in exposed populations. For this purpose, models that link effects observed in laboratory tests to the dynamics of wildlife populations appear to be necessary, and their development requires reliable and robust data. As our understanding of endocrine perturbations and key event relationships improves, adverse population-level effects will be more easily and accurately predicted. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:317-330. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
authors.affiliation: Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Mary S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.affiliation: US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blankinship
authors.affiliation: Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Pfizer, New York City, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Constantine
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kloas
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Bayer AG CropScience Division, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lagadic
authors.affiliation: NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meador
authors.affiliation: Syngenta UK, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pickford
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Gradient, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verslycke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000592:standards / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007390:International Agencies; D008322:Mammals; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants
keywords: Amphibian; Bird; Fish; Modeling; Population