title: Readability Trends of Online Information by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.
abstract: Objective Previous studies have shown that patient education materials published by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation may be too difficult for the average reader to understand. The purpose of this study was to determine if current educational materials show improvements in readability. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting The Patient Health Information section of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation website. Subjects and Methods All patient education articles were extracted in plain text. Webpage navigation, references, author information, appointment information, acknowledgments, and disclaimers were removed. Follow-up editing was also performed to remove paragraph breaks, colons, semicolons, numbers, percentages, and bullets. Readability grade was calculated with the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease, Gunning-Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Automated Readability Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook. Intra- and interobserver reliability were assessed. Results A total of 126 articles from 7 topics were analyzed. Readability levels across all 6 tools showed that the difficulty of patient education materials exceeded the abilities of an average American. As compared with previous studies, current educational materials by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation have shown a decrease in difficulty. Intra- and interobserver reliability were both excellent, with intraclass coefficients of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. Conclusion Improvements in readability is an encouraging finding and one that is consistent with recent trends toward improved health literacy. Nevertheless, online patient educational material is still too difficult for the average reader. Revisions may be necessary for current materials to benefit a larger readership.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Levi
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D013664:Teaching Materials
keywords: AAO-HNSF; Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level; Internet; health literacy; online patient education; patient education; readability