title: Collusions Between Patients and Clinicians in End-of-Life Care: Why Clarity Matters.
abstract: Collusion, an unconscious dynamic between patients and clinicians, may provoke strong emotions, unreflected behaviors, and a negative impact on care. Collusions, prevalent in the health care setting, are triggered by situations which signify an unresolved psychological issue relevant for both, patient and clinician. After an introductory definition of collusion, two archetypal situations of collusion-based on material from a regular supervision of a palliative care specialist by a liaison psychiatrist-and means of working through collusion are presented. The theoretical framework of collusion is then described and the conceptual shortcomings of the palliative care literature in this respect discussed, justifying the call for more clarity. Finally, cultural aspects and societal injunctions on the dying, contributing to the development of collusion in end-of-life care, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Higashi Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Electronic address: Frederic.Stiefel@chuv.ch.
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stiefel
authors.affiliation: Higashi Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Higashi Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.affiliation: Higashi Sapporo Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishitani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001293:Attitude to Death; D003142:Communication; D003469:Culture; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013038:Specialization; D013727:Terminal Care; D014167:Transference, Psychology; D014473:Unconscious, Psychology
keywords: Collusion; communication; counter transference; palliative care; transference