title: A pilot study of brisk walking in sedentary combination antiretroviral treatement (cART)- treated patients: benefit on soluble and cell inflammatory markers.
abstract: Chronic HIV infection is associated with low-level inflammation and increased risk of chronic diseases and mortality. The objective was to assess the effects of moderate intensity exercise on metabolic and inflammatory markers in HIV-infected treated persons.
  
  
  
  This was a pilot study enrolling cART-treated, sedentary persons with metabolic complications in a 12-week protocol, consisting of three sessions per week of 60 min brisk walking with (strength-walk group) or without (walk group) 30 min circuit-training. Assessments at baseline and week 12 (W12) included body morphometrics and total body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; lipid and glucose blood profile; plasma level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), D-dimer, interleukin-18 (IL-18), soluble CD14, and CD38 and HLA-DR expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells.
  
  
  
  Forty-nine patients were included and 35 (71%) completed the program: 21 in the walk and 14 in the strength-walk group. At W12, significant improvements were observed of body mass index, waist and hip circumference, and total cholesterol both overall and in the walk group, and of LDL cholesterol in both training groups. In the whole group, significant reductions were observed in hsCRP, IL-6, D-dimer, IL-18, and of CD8+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ cell frequencies. HsCRP and CD8+/CD38+/HLA-DR+ frequency decreased significantly in both training groups when examined separately whereas IL-6 and D-dimer in the walk group only.
  
  
  
  Brisk walking, with or without strength exercise, could improve lipid profile and inflammatory markers in chronic HIV infection.
  
  
  
  ACTRN12615001258549, registered 17 November 2015, "retrospectively registered" Web address of trial: http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12615001258549.aspx.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy. matteo.bonato@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5589-7957
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonato
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaspare
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pavei
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bossolasco
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bertocchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cernuschi
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Merati
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazzarin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Torre
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cinque
mesh_terms: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / Q000276:immunology; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D055105:Waist Circumference; D000070857:Walk Test; D016138:Walking
chemical_list: D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D007328:Insulin; D020382:Interleukin-18; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014280:Triglycerides; C508600:IL6 protein, human; C036309:fibrin fragment D; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: Exercise; Immune activation; Inflammatory markers; Physical activity; cART