title: Assessment of new-generation high-power electronic nicotine delivery system as thermal aerosol generation device for inhaled bronchodilators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A need remains for alternative devices for aerosol drug delivery that are low cost, convenient and easy to use for the patient, but also capable of producing small-sized aerosol particles. This study investigated the potential of recent high power electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) as aerosol generation devices for inhaled bronchodilators.
  
  
  METHODS
  The particle size distribution was measured using a cascade impactor. The delivery of terbutaline sulfate, a current bronchodilator used for asthma or COPD therapy by inhalation, was studied. This drug was quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The particle size distribution in terms of mass frequency (in two ways, gravimetrically and quantitatively through drug assay on each stage) and the terbutaline sulfate concentration in the aerosol were elucidated. The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and the drug delivery rose when the power level increased, to reach 5.6±0.4μg/puff with a MMAD of 0.78±0.03μm at 25W.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New generation high-power ENDS are very efficient to generate carrier-droplets in the submicron range containing drug molecules with a constant drug concentration whatever the size-fractions. ENDS appear to be highly patient-adaptive.
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France. Electronic address: pourchez@emse.fr.
authors.forename: Jérémie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pourchez
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CHU Saint-Etienne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CHU Saint-Etienne, Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perinel-Ragey
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CHU de Saint-Etienne, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie - Toxicologie, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CHU Saint-Etienne, Department of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Oncology, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vergnon
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, CIS-EMSE, SAINBIOSE, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; INSERM, U1059, F-42023 Saint Etienne, France; Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; CHU Saint-Etienne, Department of Nuclear Medicine, F-42055 Saint-Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Prévôt
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009538:Nicotine; D010316:Particle Size; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D009538:Nicotine; D013726:Terbutaline
keywords: Aerosol; Bronchodilator; ENDS; Electronic cigarette; Thermal aerosol generation