title: Ocular oncology: advances in retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma.
abstract: Retinoblastoma, uveal and conjunctival melanomas are important malignancies within the remit of ocular oncology. Outlined are the diagnostic features and management principles, as well as advancements in the field and current challenges.
  
  
  
  Original papers, reviews and guidelines.
  
  
  
  Most eyes with retinoblastoma (International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) Group A-D) are salvaged, whereas advanced cases (Group E) remain a challenge. Despite a high rate of local tumour control in uveal melanoma, metastatic spread commonly occurs. Conjunctival melanoma is treated by complete resection, but high rates of local recurrence occur, with the possibility of systemic relapse and death.
  
  
  
  Use of the IIRC in retinoblastoma, and systemic screening in melanomas.
  
  
  
  Utilization of novel treatment modalities in retinoblastoma and an increasing understanding of the genetic basis of melanomas.
  
  
  
  Improvements in chemotherapy delivery in retinoblastoma and prognostic tests in melanomas.
authors.affiliation: UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.|Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vasalaki
authors.affiliation: Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK.|Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.|Ocular Oncology Service, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
authors.forename: Ido D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Fabian
authors.affiliation: Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK.|Paediatric Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
authors.forename: M Ashwin
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.|Ocular Oncology Service, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.
authors.forename: Victoria M L
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.affiliation: Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, London E1 1BB, UK.|Ocular Oncology Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London EC1V 2PD, UK.|Ocular Oncology Service, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK.|National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Sagoo
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D058449:Intravitreal Injections; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: choroidal melanoma; conjunctival melanoma; eye cancer; eye tumour; melanoma; retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma