title: Effect of the endOclear®Device on Biofilm in Endotracheal Tubes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Organisms trapped in biofilms cause more than 80% of medical infections. Significant investments are being made to develop methods of removing these biofilms. The endOclear®device is reported to remove biofilm from endotracheal tubes (ETTs) and to decrease pneumonia rates and ventilator time.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an observational study performed at a university Level 1 trauma center intensive care unit. A series of 40 ETTs were collected at extubation, with half of the patients having been treated daily with the endOclear®device. Biofilms were quantified from a standardized point on the distal ETT. The patients' standard and biofilm cultures were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hours of intubation for the control group was 135 and for the device group 138. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.91). Eleven patients in the device group were found to have pneumonia compared with six in the control group (p = 0.34). Ventilator data after device use showed a mean increase of 29.9 cc in tidal volume and a mean decrease in peak pressures of 0.39 cm H2O. Comparisons between biofilm stage or hours of intubation and a diagnosis of pneumonia found no correlation. Only nine of 40 ETTs had congruence between the microbiata of the biofilm and standard bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, a divergence rate of 78%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comparison of the endOclear®group and controls demonstrated a trend toward a higher pneumonia rate in the former. Additionally, the device achieved very small, clinically insignificant, changes in ventilator settings, and no difference was seen in the time on the ventilator. Comparisons between biofilm and standard BAL cultures continue to show the biofilm is more diverse than previously thought. In this study, no statistical significance was found between biofilm stage and the pneumonia rate. This study provides additional evidence that there is no correlation between biofilm stage and duration of intubation.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bardes
authors.affiliation: 2 Division of Pathology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia.
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D018441:Biofilms / Q000254:growth & development*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome