title: Effect of Microneedle Type on Transdermal Permeation of Rizatriptan.
abstract: The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of salient microneedle (MN) geometry parameters like length, density, shape and type on transdermal permeation of rizatriptan (RIZ). Studies were carried out using two types of MN devices viz. AdminPatch® arrays (ADM) (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 mm lengths) and laboratory-fabricated polymeric MNs (PMs) of 0.6 mm length. In the case of the PMs, arrays were applied three times at different places within a 1.77-cm2skin area (PM-3) to maintain the MN density closer to 0.6 mm ADM. Histological studies revealed that PM, owing to their geometry/design, formed wider and deeper microconduits when compared to ADM of similar length. Approximately 4.9- and 4.2-fold increases in the RIZ steady-state flux values were observed with 1.5 mm ADM and PM-3 applications when compared to the passive studies. A good correlation between different dimensionless parameters like the amount of RIZ permeated (Ct/Cs), thickness (h/L) and surface area (Sa/L2) of the skin was observed with scaling analyses. Numerical simulations provided further information regarding the distribution of RIZ in MN-treated skin after application of different MNs. Overall, the study suggests that MN application enhances the RIZ transdermal permeation and the geometrical parameters of MNs play an important role in the degree enhancement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: Chandrateja
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uppuluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India.
authors.forename: Ashraf Sultana
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
authors.forename: Atul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: Karthik J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Whiteside
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, 520010, AP, India. buchinalluri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Buchi N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Nalluri
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK. D.B.Das@lboro.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Diganta B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Das
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation; D009339:Needles / Q000592:standards*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D012869:Skin Absorption; D014230:Triazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014363:Tryptamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D014230:Triazoles; D014363:Tryptamines; C093622:rizatriptan
keywords: histological sections; microneedle geometry; microneedles; numerical simulations; rizatriptan; scaling analyses; transdermal enhancement