title: Violet Light Exposure Can Be a Preventive Strategy Against Myopia Progression.
abstract: Prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. Outdoor activity is one of the most important environmental factors for myopia control. Here we show that violet light (VL, 360-400nm wavelength) suppresses myopia progression. First, we confirmed that VL suppressed the axial length (AL) elongation in the chick myopia model. Expression microarray analyses revealed that myopia suppressive gene EGR1 was upregulated by VL exposure. VL exposure induced significantly higher upregulation of EGR1 in chick chorioretinal tissues than blue light under the same conditions. Next, we conducted clinical research retrospectively to compare the AL elongation among myopic children who wore eyeglasses (VL blocked) and two types of contact lenses (partially VL blocked and VL transmitting). The data showed the VL transmitting contact lenses suppressed myopia progression most. These results suggest that VL is one of the important outdoor environmental factors for myopia control. Since VL is apt to be excluded from our modern society due to the excessive UV protection, VL exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torii
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.affiliation: Visual Functions Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Sensory Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa-shi, Saitama 359-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seko
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.affiliation: Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Ophthalmic Research and Development Center, Santen Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma-shi, Nara 630-0101, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusaku
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katada
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiwako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Kato Eye Center, 2-8-10, Yoshioka-higashi, Taiwa-cho, Kurokawa-gun, Miyagi 981-3627, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Medicine, The Mitsunada Sakaguchi Laboratory, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Laboratory of Photobiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatori
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. Electronic address: tsubota@z3.keio.jp.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002645:Chickens; D002648:Child; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005139:Eyeglasses; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D009216:Myopia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D010789:Phototherapy; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D013472:Sunlight; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
keywords: Axial length; Myopia; Outdoors; Refraction; Ultraviolet light; Violet light