title: Determining the migration duration of rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée)) moths using a trajectory analytical approach.
abstract: Many moths finish their long distance migration after consecutive nights, but little is known about migration duration and distance. This information is key to predicting migration pathways and understanding their evolution. Tethered flight experiments have shown that ovarian development of rice leaf folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis [Guenée]) moths was accelerated and synchronized by flight in the first three nights, whereby most females were then matured for mating and reproduction. Thus, it was supposed that this moth might fly three nights to complete its migration. To test this hypothesis, 9 year's field data for C. medinalis was collected from Nanning, Guangxi Autonomous Region in China. Forward trajectories indicated that most moths arrived at suitable breeding areas after three nights' flight. Thus, for C. medinalis this migration duration and distance was a reasonable adaptation to the geographic distribution of suitable habitat. The development of female moth ovaries after three consecutive night flights appears to be a well-balanced survival strategy for this species to strike between migration and reproduction benefits. Hence, an optimum solution of migration-reproduction trade-offs in energy allocation evolved in response to the natural selection on migration route and physiological traits.
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.|Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.|Vegetable Research Institute, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Hong
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science and Technology, Nanning, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Bao-Ping
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Agro-Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Ka-Sing
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Caitríona E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McInerney
authors.affiliation: College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.|Agro-Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
authors.forename: Gao
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D005260:Female; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology; D012098:Reproduction; D013696:Temperature