title: Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection with tick-borne relapsing fever in Dakar.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  West African tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) due to Borrelia crocidurae and malaria are co-endemics in Senegal. Although expected to be high, co-infections are rarely reported. A case of falciparum malaria and B. crocidurae co-infection in a patient from Velingara (South of Senegal) is discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28 year-old-male patient presented to Aristide Le Dantec Hospital for recurrent fever. He initially presented to a local post health of Pikine (sub-urban of Dakar) and was diagnosed for malaria on the basis of positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) specific to Plamodium falciparum. The patient was treated as uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Four days after admission the patient was referred to Le Dantec Hospital. He presented with fever (39 °C), soreness, headache and vomiting. The blood pressure was 120/80 mmHg. The rest of the examination was normal. A thick film from peripheral blood was performed and addressed to the parasitology laboratory of the hospital. Thick film was stained with 10% Giemsa. Trophozoite of P. falciparum was identified at parasite density of 47 parasites per microlitre. The presence of Borrelia was also observed, concluding to malaria co-infection with borreliosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Signs of malaria can overlap with signs of borreliosis leading to the misdiagnosis of the latter. Thick and thin smear or QBC test or molecular method may be helpful to detect both Plamodium species and Borrelia. In addition, there is a real need to consider co-infections with other endemics pathogens when diagnosing malaria.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal. mamadoualpha.diallo@ucad.edu.sn.
authors.forename: Mamadou A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Baidy S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Mouhamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Mouhamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieng
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Khadim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Diongue
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Aida S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Badiane
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Mame Cheikh
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Seck
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Fann, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Daouda
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections; D001898:Borrelia; D001899:Borrelia Infections; D060085:Coinfection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D012061:Relapsing Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D012675:Senegal / Q000453:epidemiology; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: Borrelia; Co-infection; Diagnostic; Fever; Malaria