title: From Microscale Devices to 3D Printing: Advances in Fabrication of 3D Cardiovascular Tissues.
abstract: Current strategies for engineering cardiovascular cells and tissues have yielded a variety of sophisticated tools for studying disease mechanisms, for development of drug therapies, and for fabrication of tissue equivalents that may have application in future clinical use. These efforts are motivated by the need to extend traditional 2-dimensional (2D) cell culture systems into 3D to more accurately replicate in vivo cell and tissue function of cardiovascular structures. Developments in microscale devices and bioprinted 3D tissues are beginning to supplant traditional 2D cell cultures and preclinical animal studies that have historically been the standard for drug and tissue development. These new approaches lend themselves to patient-specific diagnostics, therapeutics, and tissue regeneration. The emergence of these technologies also carries technical challenges to be met before traditional cell culture and animal testing become obsolete. Successful development and validation of 3D human tissue constructs will provide powerful new paradigms for more cost effective and timely translation of cardiovascular tissue equivalents.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.V.B., J.L.B., J.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.M.O.).
authors.forename: Anton V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Borovjagin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.V.B., J.L.B., J.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.M.O.).
authors.forename: Brenda M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Ogle
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.V.B., J.L.B., J.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.M.O.).
authors.forename: Joel L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.V.B., J.L.B., J.Z.); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.M.O.). jayzhang@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Jianyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000166:cytology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology*; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
keywords: biocompatible materials; heart; printing, three-dimensional; stem cells; tissue engineering