title: State-of-science: situation awareness in individuals, teams and systems.
abstract: Our review addresses one of the most used, but debated, topics in Ergonomics: Situation Awareness (SA). We examine and elaborate upon key SA models. These models are divided into individual SA, team SA and systems SA categories. Despite, or perhaps because of, the debates surrounding SA it remains an enduring theme for research and practice in the domain of Ergonomics, now for over two decades. A contingent approach, which seeks to match different models of SA to different types of ergonomics problem, enables the differences between positions to be revealed and reconciled, and the practitioner guided towards optimum methodological solutions. Practitioner Summary: Measuring SA in individuals, teams and systems has become a key objective in Ergonomics. One single approach to SA does not fit all problems encountered. This review shows the importance of considering all three types of models and achieving a match between them and the problem at hand.
authors.affiliation: a Human Factors Engineering, Transportation Research Group, Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, Bouldrewood Innovation Campus , University of Southampton , Southampton , UK.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Arts and Business, Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems , University of the Sunshine Coast , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.affiliation: c Centre for Sustainable Road Freight , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.affiliation: d Department of Psychology , Rice University , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.affiliation: e Department of Psychology , University of Central Florida , Orlando , FL , USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hancock
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000379:methods*; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D013597:Systems Analysis
keywords: Situation awareness; distributed cognition; models; team SA; theory