title: Dermal safety assessment of Arm & Hammer laundry products formulated for sensitive skin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of sensitive skin among the general population in industrialized countries is reported to be over 50%. Sensitive skin subjects often report significant reactions to contact with cosmetics, soaps and other consumer products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the overall skin compatibility and mildness program for a newly developed, lightly fragranced, colorant free laundry product (i.e. Arm & Hammer™ Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent), specially formulated for individuals with sensitive skin. The skin mildness of the product was compared to Arm & Hammer™ Free & Clear liquid laundry detergent with no fragrance or colorant, and an established history of safe use by sensitive skin consumers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The test material was a liquid laundry product with a light scent formulated for sensitive skin consumers (Arm & Hammer™ Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent). The product was compared to commercially marketed products for sensitive skin with a history of skin safety in the marketplace, including: a very similar product formulation (Arm & Hammer™ Free & Clear with no fragrance), and several selected competitors' products. Studies were conducted among individuals with self-assessed sensitive skin (based on a questionnaire) using standard protocols for the Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT), 10-Day Cumulative Irritation, the Wrist Band Wear test, and the Safety In-Use testing. Responses in all protocols were evaluated by visual scoring of potential dermatologic reactions, and recording any sensory effects at the time of the examination. In addition, sensory effects collected from panelists' daily diaries were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HRIPT confirmed that neither the fragrance alone, nor the product formulation with fragrance, induced contact sensitization in sensitive skin subjects. The 10-Day cumulative irritation study conducted using sensitive skin subjects showed highly favorable skin compatibility, and the test product was comparable to the control product (Arm & Hammer Free & Clear) and other nonirritant controls. In the Wrist Band Wear test, exposure to laundered fabrics under exaggerated conditions gave similar results for the test and control products, with no objective signs of skin irritation, and no self-reported persistent adverse sensory effects. Very mild, transient and isolated sensory effects were noted in daily diaries by a small proportion of subjects, and were similar for the test and control products. The Safety In-Use tests evaluated 4-week exposure to product and laundered fabrics under realistic use conditions. There were no clinically objective signs of skin irritation, and reports of transitory, mild sensory effects were minimal and similar for the test and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A comprehensive skin safety program on a lightly scented sensitive skin laundry formulation (i.e. Arm & Hammer™ Sensitive Skin plus Skin-Friendly Fresh Scent) conducted among panels of self-assessed sensitive skin subjects demonstrated that the presence of a light fragrance did not adversely impact skin compatibility in any of the testing protocols when the product was compared to a similar product with no fragrance. The lightly fragranced product demonstrated overall skin compatibility and mildness when tested in a self-assessed sensitive skin population, and compared favorably to currently marketed sensitive skin products.
authors.affiliation: a Church & Dwight Co, Inc , Princeton , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.affiliation: a Church & Dwight Co, Inc , Princeton , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.affiliation: a Church & Dwight Co, Inc , Princeton , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: a Church & Dwight Co, Inc , Princeton , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Annahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D003902:Detergents / Q000633:toxicity*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D010476:Perfume / Q000633:toxicity*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D010476:Perfume
keywords: Consumer product safety; contact sensitization; cumulative irritation; safety in use test; sensitive skin; skin irritation; wrist band test