title: Effect of Carotenoid Supplemented Formula on Carotenoid Bioaccumulation in Tissues of Infant Rhesus Macaques: A Pilot Study Focused on Lutein.
abstract: Lutein is the predominant carotenoid in the developing primate brain and retina, and may have important functional roles. However, its bioaccumulation pattern during early development is not understood. In this pilot study, we investigated whether carotenoid supplementation of infant formula enhanced lutein tissue deposition in infant rhesus macaques. Monkeys were initially breastfed; from 1 to 3 months of age they were fed either a formula supplemented with lutein, zeaxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene, or a control formula with low levels of these carotenoids, for 4 months (n= 2/group). All samples were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Final serum lutein in the supplemented group was 5 times higher than in the unsupplemented group. All brain regions examined showed a selective increase in lutein deposition in the supplemented infants. Lutein differentially accumulated across brain regions, with highest amounts in occipital cortex in both groups. β-carotene accumulated, but zeaxanthin and lycopene were undetectable in any brain region. Supplemented infants had higher lutein concentrations in peripheral retina but not in macular retina. Among adipose sites, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue exhibited the highest lutein level and was 3-fold higher in the supplemented infants. The supplemented formula enhanced carotenoid deposition in several other tissues. In rhesus infants, increased intake of carotenoids from formula enhanced their deposition in serum and numerous tissues and selectively increased lutein in multiple brain regions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. sjeon17@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: Sookyoung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97239, USA. neuringe@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neuringer
authors.affiliation: Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97239, USA. johnsemi@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43215, USA. matthew.kuchan@abbott.com.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuchan
authors.affiliation: Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43215, USA. suzette.pereira@abbott.com.
authors.forename: Suzette L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Elizabeth.Johnson@tufts.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jwerdman@illinois.edu.|Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. jwerdman@illinois.edu.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Erdman
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D014975:Lutein / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077276:Lycopene; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D065146:Zeaxanthins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D065146:Zeaxanthins; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; D000077276:Lycopene; D014975:Lutein
keywords: Rhesus Macaques; bioaccumulation; brain; carotenoids; formula; infants; lutein; retina