title: Vineland-II adaptive behavior profile of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or specific learning disorders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The evaluation of adaptive behavior is informative in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or specific learning disorders (SLD). However, the few investigations available have focused only on the gross level of domains of adaptive behavior.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate which item subsets of the Vineland-II can discriminate children with ADHD or SLD from peers with typical development.
  
  
  METHODS
  Student's t-tests, ROC analysis, logistic regression, and linear discriminant function analysis were used to compare 24 children with ADHD, 61 elementary students with SLD, and controls matched on age, sex, school level attended, and both parents' education level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several item subsets that address not only ADHD core symptoms, but also understanding in social context and development of interpersonal relationships, allowed discrimination of children with ADHD from controls. The combination of four item subsets (Listening and attending, Expressing complex ideas, Social communication, and Following instructions) classified children with ADHD with both sensitivity and specificity of 87.5%. Only Reading skills, Writing skills, and Time and dates discriminated children with SLD from controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of Vineland-II scores at the level of item content categories is a useful procedure for an efficient clinical description.
authors.affiliation: University of Perugia, Piazza G. Ermini, 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address: giulia.balboni@unipg.it.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balboni
authors.affiliation: University of Pisa, Via Roma, 67, 56126 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: oriana.incognito@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Oriana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Incognito
authors.affiliation: University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via Saffi, 15, 60129 Urbino, Italy. Electronic address: carmen.belacchi@uniurb.it.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belacchi
authors.affiliation: University of Padua, Via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy. Electronic address: s.bonichini@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonichini
authors.affiliation: University of Trento, Corso Bettini, 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy. Electronic address: roberto.cubelli@unitn.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubelli
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011932:Reading; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D066107:Social Skills; D000067559:Specific Learning Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D014956:Writing
keywords: ADHD; Adaptive behavior profile; Matching; SLD; Vineland