title: Technological review on endoscopic submucosal dissection: available equipment, recent developments and emerging techniques.
abstract: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is widely practiced in Japan and the Eastern World and is rapidly expanding in western countries for the management of early malignancies of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tube. In addition, novel therapeutic applications deriving from ESD have emerged including the treatment of achalasia, of submucosal tumors, of diverticula, of strictures and of reflux disease. An ESD procedure necessitates not only skills and specific training, but also familiarization with a vast spectrum of devices (endoscopes, high-frequency generators and their settings, endoknives, hoods, irrigation devices) and techniques (such as countertraction, artificial ulcer closure), that render the procedure faster, more efficient and safer. This technological article gives an overview on current and novel equipment for an ESD and associated techniques.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Endoscopy , Mediterraneo Hospital , Glyfada , Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mavrogenis
authors.affiliation: b Department of Gastroenterology , Vivantes-Friedrichshain Hospital , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hochberger
authors.affiliation: c Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deprez
authors.affiliation: d Department of Endoscopy , Internal Medicin Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital/East Hospital , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shafazand
authors.affiliation: e Department of Gastroenterology , Clinique Saint Barbe , Strasbourg , France.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coumaros
authors.affiliation: f Department of Gastroenterology , Japan Community Healthcare Organization Osaka Hospital , Fukushima , Osaka , Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D004210:Dissection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D000069916:Endoscopic Mucosal Resection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D013525:Surgical Instruments
keywords: Endoscopic submucosal dissection; artificial ulcer closure; countertraction; electrocautery devices; endoknives; endoscopic resection; equipment; techniques