title: Associations of risk factors in childhood with arterial stiffness 26 years later: the Hanzhong adolescent hypertension cohort.
abstract: The relationship between childhood risk factors and long-term arterial stiffness was explored.
  
  
  
  A baseline survey was conducted in 4623 school children aged 6-15 years in rural areas of Hanzhong city, Shaanxi, in 1987. According to three independent measurements of SBP in 1987, 1989, and 1992, cases of the same age and sex with continuous SBP at least 75 percentile were classified as the high-blood pressure (BP) group, whereas those with SBP less than 50 percentile were classified as the normal-BP group. The cohort was followed up again after 26 years (in 2013). Blood biochemistry indexes, including fasting glucose, uric acid, and blood lipid, were measured. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was recorded by noninvasive automatic waveform analyzer.
  
  
  
  Follow-up rate was 71.6%. The high-BP group had a higher incidence of hypertension (39.5 vs. 18.0%, P < 0.01) and baPWV (1337.2 ± 198.3 vs. 1271.7 ± 204.3 cm/s, P = 0.028) than the normal-BP group during the follow-up period. Positive correlation was found during follow-up between baPWV and childhood SBP, as well as SBP, DBP, BMI, heart rate, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerol, fasting glucose, and uric acid in adulthood (all P < 0.05). Results from stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that men, family history of hypertension, SBP at both baseline and follow-up, fasting glucose, and uric acid in adulthood are independent impact factors of baPWV in adults.
  
  
  
  Higher SBP in children and adolescents, family history of hypertension, and male sex may increase the risk of developing long-term arterial stiffness.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University bHealth Department of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an cInstitute of Cardiovascular sciences, Hanzhong People's Hospital, Hanzhong, Shannxi, PR China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Ruihai
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Bingqing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Zhenzhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dingyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Tong-Shuai
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013599:Systole; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D059289:Vascular Stiffness
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D014527:Uric Acid