title: Brief Computer-Delivered Intervention to Increase Parental Monitoring in Families of African American Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: African American adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at elevated risk for poor diabetes management and metabolic control. Parental supervision and monitoring of adolescent diabetes management have been shown to promote better diabetes management among adolescents, but parents typically decrease their oversight during the transition to independent diabetes care.
  
  
  
  The purpose of the study was to conduct a randomized clinical trial to test the feasibility and efficacy of a three-session, computer-delivered motivational intervention (The 3Ms) to promote increased parental monitoring among primary caregivers of young African American adolescents with T1D. The intervention was brief and optimized for delivery during routine diabetes clinic visits.
  
  
  
  Sixty-seven adolescents with T1D aged 11-14 and their primary caregiver were randomly assigned to one of three arms: adolescent and parent motivational intervention (Arm 1), adolescent control and parent motivational intervention (Arm 2), or adolescent and parent control (Arm 3). Intervention effects were assessed 1 month after intervention completion.
  
  
  
  Parents in Arm 1 and Arm 2 had significant increases in knowledge of the importance of monitoring adolescents' diabetes care. Parents in Arm 2 also had trend to significant increases in direct observation and monitoring of adolescent diabetes care, and adolescents in Arm 2 had significant improvements in glycemic control.
  
  
  
  Findings from the present study provide preliminary support for the efficacy of a brief, computer-delivered parenting intervention for improving family management practices and adolescent health outcomes among African American adolescents with T1D and their caregivers.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: April
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Idalski Carcone
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ondersma
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naar-King
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pediatrics, St. John Providence Health System , Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: Bassem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dekelbab
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Pediatrics, Promedica Toledo Children's Hospital , Toledo, Ohio.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moltz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D062405:Motivational Interviewing; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: behavioral health; e-Health; education; pediatrics