title: Smoking at the time of diagnosis and mortality in cancer patients: What benefit does the quitter gain?
abstract: Few studies have examined the association between smoking behavior (especially quitters) at the time of diagnosis and mortality among cancer patients. Our objective was to examine the benefits of quitting on all-cause mortality among cancer patients. 30,658 eligible cancer patients diagnosed between 1985 and 2009, identified by a hospital-based cancer registry in Japan, were followed up for up to 10 years. We evaluated smoking behavior at cancer diagnosis (especially recent quitters vs. current smokers) in association with all-cause mortality using Cox-proportional hazards models and covariates-adjusted survival curves. Risk of death was estimated to be reduced by 11% in recent quitters compared with current smokers. According to adjusted survival curves, median survival time was 8.25 years for recent quitters versus 7.18 years for current smokers, indicating an absolute difference of 1.07 year for a median survivor. Similarly, never and former smokers had 18% and 16% lower risk of death with 1.90 years and 1.77 years gained, respectively, compared with current smokers. In addition to former and never smokers, recent quitters showed consistently higher survival rates than current smokers during the 10-year calendar period after diagnosis among cancer patients. Because recent quitters may be similar to patients who stop smoking shortly after cancer diagnosis in terms of smoking duration, the latter may be able to decrease their risk of death, suggesting that smoking cessation could be part of cancer care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-Ku, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
keywords: Japan; cancer patients; mortality; recent quitter; smoking at diagnosis