title: Development and evaluation of a Nutrition Transition-FFQ for adolescents in South India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a Nutrition Transition-FFQ (NT-FFQ) to measure nutrition transition among adolescents in South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  We developed an interviewer-administered NT-FFQ comprising a 125-item semi-quantitative FFQ and a twenty-seven-item eating behaviour survey. The reproducibility and validity of the NT-FFQ were assessed using Spearman correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and levels of agreement using Bland-Altman and cross-classification over 2 months (NT-FFQ1 and NT-FFQ2). Validity of foods was evaluated against three 24-h dietary recalls (24-HR). Face validity of eating behaviours was evaluated through semi-structured cognitive interviews. The reproducibility of eating behaviours was assessed using weighted kappa (κ w) and cross-classification analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vijayapura, India.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 198 adolescents aged 14-18 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reproducibility of NT-FFQ: Spearman correlations ranged from 0·33 (pulses) to 0·80 (red meat) and ICC from 0·05 (fruits) to 1·00 (tea). On average, concordance (agreement) was 60 % and discordance was 7 % for food groups. For eating behaviours, κ w ranged from 0·24 (eating snacks while watching television) to 0·67 (eating lunch at home) with a mean of 0·40. Validity of NT-FFQ: Spearman correlations ranged from 0·11 (fried traditional foods) to 0·70 (tea) and ICC ranged from 0·02 (healthy global foods) to 1·00 (grains). The concordance and discordance were 48 % and 8 %, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed acceptable agreement between NT-FFQ2 and 24-HR. The eating behaviours had acceptable face validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The NT-FFQ has good reproducibility and acceptable validity for food intake and eating behaviours. The NT-FFQ can quantify the nutrition transition among Indian adolescents.
authors.affiliation: 1Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences,Laney Graduate School,Emory University,1518 Clifton Road NE,7040-J,Atlanta,GA 30322,USA.
authors.forename: Nida I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: 2Emory College,Center for the Study of Human Health,Emory University,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Frediani
authors.affiliation: 1Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences,Laney Graduate School,Emory University,1518 Clifton Road NE,7040-J,Atlanta,GA 30322,USA.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Community Medicine,Shri. B.M. Patil Medical College,BLDE University,Vijayapura,India.
authors.forename: Shailaja S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: 3Hubert Department of Global Health,Emory University,Atlanta,GA,USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Yount
authors.affiliation: 1Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences,Laney Graduate School,Emory University,1518 Clifton Road NE,7040-J,Atlanta,GA 30322,USA.
authors.forename: Reynaldo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Martorell
authors.affiliation: 1Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences,Laney Graduate School,Emory University,1518 Clifton Road NE,7040-J,Atlanta,GA 30322,USA.
authors.forename: Km Venkat
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8621-5405
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.affiliation: 1Doctoral Program in Nutrition and Health Sciences,Laney Graduate School,Emory University,1518 Clifton Road NE,7040-J,Atlanta,GA 30322,USA.
authors.forename: Solveig A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003710:Demography; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D064787:Portion Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012574:Schools
keywords: Adolescents; FFQ; Nutrition transition; Reproducibility; Validity