title: Flavanone-rich citrus beverages counteract the transient decline in postprandial endothelial function in humans: a randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study.
abstract: Specific flavonoid-rich foods/beverages are reported to exert positive effects on vascular function; however, data relating to effects in the postprandial state are limited. The present study investigated the postprandial, time-dependent (0-7 h) impact of citrus flavanone intake on vascular function. An acute, randomised, controlled, double-masked, cross-over intervention study was conducted by including middle-aged healthy men (30-65 years, n 28) to assess the impact of flavanone intake (orange juice: 128·9 mg; flavanone-rich orange juice: 272·1 mg; homogenised whole orange: 452·8 mg; isoenergetic control: 0 mg flavanones) on postprandial (double meal delivering a total of 81 g of fat) endothelial function. Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery at 0, 2, 5 and 7 h. Plasma levels of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites (sulphates and glucuronides) and nitric oxide species were also measured. All flavanone interventions were effective at attenuating transient impairments in FMD induced by the double meal (7 h post intake; P<0·05), but no dose-response effects were observed. The effects on FMD coincided with the peak of naringenin/hesperetin metabolites in circulation (7 h) and sustained levels of plasma nitrite. In summary, citrus flavanones are effective at counteracting the negative impact of a sequential double meal on human vascular function, potentially through the actions of flavanone metabolites on nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy,University of Reading,PO Box 226,Reading RG2 6AP,UK.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6493-8450
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rendeiro
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy,University of Reading,PO Box 226,Reading RG2 6AP,UK.
authors.forename: Honglin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: 2PepsiCo R+D Nutrition,PepsiCo Inc.,Reading RG2 6UW,UK.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.affiliation: 3Global R+D Nutrition,PepsiCo Inc.,Valhalla, NY 10595,USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harkness
authors.affiliation: 4PepsiCo R+D Biological & Discovery Analytics,PepsiCo Inc.,New Haven, CT 06511,USA.
authors.forename: Melvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blaze
authors.affiliation: 4PepsiCo R+D Biological & Discovery Analytics,PepsiCo Inc.,New Haven, CT 06511,USA.
authors.forename: Yanpeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: 3Global R+D Nutrition,PepsiCo Inc.,Valhalla, NY 10595,USA.
authors.forename: Ronald L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Belanger
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Kim G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy,University of Reading,PO Box 226,Reading RG2 6AP,UK.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy,University of Reading,PO Box 226,Reading RG2 6AP,UK.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences,School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy,University of Reading,PO Box 226,Reading RG2 6AP,UK.
authors.forename: Jeremy P E
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery; D062408:Breakfast; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002957:Citrus; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices; D006801:Humans; D062409:Lunch; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000819:agonists* / Q000097:blood; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012306:Risk; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D044950:Flavanones; D009569:Nitric Oxide
keywords:  FMD flow-mediated dilation;  FROJ flavanone-rich orange juice;  NO nitric oxide;  OJ orange juice beverage;  RXNO nitroso species including nitrosothiols;  WO whole orange beverage;  iron-nitrosylhaemoglobin and nitrosohaemoglobin;  nitrosamines; Citrus flavanones; Endothelial function; High-fat meals; Nitric oxide; Postprandial state