title: Molecular basis for the regulation of the circadian clock kinases CK1δ and CK1ε.
abstract: CK1δ and CK1ε are unique in the casein kinase 1 family and play critical roles in a number of physiological intracellular pathways. In particular, these kinases are involved in composing the mammalian circadian clock by phosphorylating core clock proteins. Considering that CK1δ/ε phosphorylate other key biological molecules, such as β-catenin and p53, understanding how the kinase activity is regulated would be greatly significant, since they are potential targets to develop pharmacological agents against cancer, pain, and circadian disorders. In this review, we summarize current knowledge attributed to kinase regulation including expression regulation, post-translational regulation, and kinase activity modulation by small molecules. Finally, we discuss how the kinase activity is regulated from a structural point of view.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Modern Experiment Technology Center, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230601, China. Electronic address: qin.ximing@ahu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ximing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048148:Casein Kinase Idelta / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon; D048148:Casein Kinase Idelta
keywords: Autophosphorylation; CK1δ/ε; Circadian; Kinase inhibitors; Kinase regulation; S/T protein kinase