title: Central noradrenaline transporter availability in highly obese, non-depressed individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The brain noradrenaline (NA) system plays an important role in the central nervous control of energy balance and is thus implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. The specific processes modulated by this neurotransmitter which lead to obesity and overeating are still a matter of debate.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the hypothesis that in vivo NA transporter (NAT) availability is changed in obesity by using positron emission tomography (PET) and S,S-[11C]O-methylreboxetine (MRB) in twenty subjects comprising ten highly obese (body mass index BMI > 35 kg/m2), metabolically healthy, non-depressed individuals and ten non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, we found no significant differences in binding potential (BPND) values between obese and non-obese individuals in the investigated brain regions, including the NAT-rich thalamus (0.40 ± 0.14 vs. 0.41 ± 0.18; p = 0.84) though additional discriminant analysis correctly identified individual group affiliation based on regional BPNDin all but one (control) case. Furthermore, inter-regional correlation analyses indicated different BPNDpatterns between both groups but this did not survive testing for multiple comparions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not find an overall involvement of NAT changes in human obesity. However, preliminary secondary findings of distinct regional and associative patterns warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. swen.hesse@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.|Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany. swen.hesse@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Swen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hesse
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg-Alexander
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.|Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rullmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bresch
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luthardt
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mohammed K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hankir
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zientek
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reißig
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patt
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.|Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arelin
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lobsien
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldofski
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Philipp M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blüher
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasshauer
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Wiebke K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Fenske
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.affiliation: Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.|Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.affiliation: Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Yu-Shin
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.|Integrated Treatment and Research Centre (IFB) Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Centre, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sabri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D000077593:Reboxetine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D009025:Morpholines; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C524178:O-methyl reboxetine; D000077593:Reboxetine
keywords: Noradrenaline; Noradrenaline transporter; Obesity; PET; PET imaging