title: Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy in the United States: Report of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-Sponsored Expert Panel.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Food allergy is an important public health problem because it affects children and adults, can be severe and even life-threatening, and may be increasing in prevalence. Beginning in 2008, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, working with other organizations and advocacy groups, led the development of the first clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy. A recent landmark clinical trial and other emerging data suggest that peanut allergy can be prevented through introduction of peanut-containing foods beginning in infancy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Prompted by these findings, along with 25 professional organizations, federal agencies, and patient advocacy groups, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases facilitated development of addendum guidelines to specifically address the prevention of peanut allergy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The addendum provides three separate guidelines for infants at various risk levels for the development of peanut allergy and is intended for use by a wide variety of health care providers. Topics addressed include the definition of risk categories, appropriate use of testing (specific IgE measurement, skin prick tests, and oral food challenges), and the timing and approaches for introduction of peanut-containing foods in the health care provider's office or at home. The addendum guidelines provide the background, rationale, and strength of evidence for each recommendation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guidelines have been developed for early introduction of peanut-containing foods into the diets of infants at various risk levels for peanut allergy.
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Alkis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togias
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Susan F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.affiliation: The Board of Directors, Food Allergy Research & Education, McLean, Virginia.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Acebal
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Amal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assa'ad
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Research & Education, McLean and the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: The Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, San Rafael and San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.affiliation: The National Eczema Association, San Rafael, California.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Block
authors.affiliation: The Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Byrd-Bredbenner
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Edmond S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Dermatology and Pediatrics, San Diego School of Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: Lawrence F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Eichenfield
authors.affiliation: The Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Columbia.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.affiliation: The Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.affiliation: The Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Columbia.|The Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Columbia.
authors.forename: Glenn T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.affiliation: The Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, Columbia.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Greenhawt
authors.affiliation: The Division of Academic General Pediatrics and Primary Care, Department of Pediatrics and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Ruchi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Northwestern Medicine, Central DuPage Hospital, Winfield, Illinois.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Habich
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas.
authors.forename: Stacie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Metro DC Food Allergy Support Group, Rockville, Maryland.
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keaton
authors.affiliation: The Food Allergy Referral Centre, Department of Women and Child Health, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muraro
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Marshall
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plaut
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Lanny J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Rosenwasser
authors.affiliation: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rotrosen
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Hugh A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sampson
authors.affiliation: The Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Lynda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Scott H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sicherer
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Dermatology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sidbury
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spergel
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Stukus
authors.affiliation: The Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Carina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Venter
authors.affiliation: The Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Joshua A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Boyce
mesh_terms: D010367:Arachis / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D054579:National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.); D021183:Peanut Hypersensitivity / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012882:Skin Tests; D014481:United States