title: Outcome of distraction osteogenesis by ring fixator in infected, large bone defects of tibia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Salvage of large, infected bone defects in tibia poses a formidable problem. The present prospective study aimed to evaluate radiologic and functional outcome of ring fixator in infected, large (≥6 cm) bone defects of tibia treated with distraction osteogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 35 patients (30 males and 5 females) who had minimum of 6 cm gap after radical resection of necrotic bone and presence or history of active infection. Mean age was 36.1 years. Mean bone gap was 7.27 cm. Mean follow-up period was 25.4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fracture united primarily in 17 cases and after fixator adjustment with freshening of fracture margins in 15 cases. Fixator adjustment with bone grafting was done in one patient to achieve union. One patient had nonunion and another had amputation. The bone result was excellent, good, and poor in 19, 13, and 3 patients, respectively. The functional results were excellent, good, fair and failure in 14, 19, 1, and one patient, respectively. 24 patients had superficial pin tract infection and 18 patients had ankle stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ring fixator systems reliably achieve union in infected, large bone defects of tibia and help in treating infection, shortening, bone and soft tissue loss simultaneously. We advocate early freshening of fracture ends and removal of interposed soft tissue at docking sites to achieve union. Superficial pin tract infection and ankle stiffness are common problems in managing large tibial defects. But good to excellent functional outcomes can be achieved in majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohilla
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Karan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siwach
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devgan
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Roop
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Jitendra
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wadhwani
authors.affiliation: Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India.
authors.forename: Naseem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmed
keywords: Distraction osteogenesis; Ilizarov; Infected; Nonunion; Tibia