title: Analysis of structure-function relationship in porcine rotavirus A enterotoxin gene.
abstract: Rotavirus (RV)-infected piglets are presumed to be latent sources of heterologous RV infection in humans and other animals. In RVs, non-structural protein 4 (NSP4) is the major virulence factor with pleiotropic properties. In this study, we analyzed thensp4gene from porcine RVs isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic cases at different levels of protein folding to explore correlations to diarrhea-inducing capabilities and evolution ofnsp4in the porcine population. Full-lengthnsp4genes were amplified, cloned, sequenced, and then analyzed for antigenic epitopes, RotaC classification, homology, genetic relationship, modeling of NSP4 protein, and prediction of post-translational modification. RV presence was observed in both diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets. Allnsp4genes possessed the E1 genotype. Comparison of primary, secondary, and tertiary structure and the prediction of post-translational modifications of NSP4 from diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets revealed no apparent differences. Sequence analysis indicated thatnsp4genes have a multi-phyletic evolutionary origin and exhibit species independent genetic diversity. The results emphasize the evolution of the E9nsp4genotype from the E1 genotype and suggest that the diarrhea-inducing capability of porcine RVs may not be exclusively linked to its enterotoxin gene.
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saurabh
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Shubhankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sircar
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Jobin J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kattoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 334, Basseterre, Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis.
authors.forename: Souvik
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1143, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banyai
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Obli R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: VinodhKumar
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Ujjwal K
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: De
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Nihar R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Kuldeep
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dhama
authors.affiliation: Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India.
authors.forename: Yashpal S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D017510:Protein Folding; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016415:Sequence Alignment / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C081369:NS28 protein, rotavirus; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins
keywords: enterotoxins; nsp4 gene evolution; porcine; rotavirus; viral nonstructural proteins