title: Effect of ultrasonic streaming on intra-dentinal disinfection and penetration of calcium hydroxide paste in endodontic treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The antimicrobial effect of ultrasonic agitation of calcium hydroxide (CH) pastes in infected bovine dentin and their penetrability were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and microbiological culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two bovine teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis using a new contamination protocol; then they received CH paste and were divided into groups with or without ultrasound. Ultrasonic agitation was conducted for 1 min with a plain point insert. After 15 d, the CLSM analyzed the viable and dead bacteria with Live and Dead assay. The dentinal wall debris was collected by burs, and the colony forming units (CFU/mL) were counted. The penetrability of the paste inside dentinal tubules was tested using the B-rodamine dye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The calcium hydroxide paste showed better results with the use of ultrasonic agitation (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ultrasonic agitation of CH paste increased its antimicrobial action and was responsible for intradentinal penetration with the fulfilment of the tubules.
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marcela Paola Castro
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Amanda Garcia Alves
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Maliza
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Raquel Zanin
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Midena
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Centro Integrado de Pesquisa, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Márcia Sirlene Zardin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Graeff
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio Húngaro
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.affiliation: - Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Bauru, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: Flaviana Bombarda de
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Andrade
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects*; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants / Q000494:pharmacology; D012390:Root Canal Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide