title: TERT promoter mutation status in sarcomatoid urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine TERT promoter mutation status as well as the expression of PAX8, GATA3, p63, p40, p53 and uroplakin III in 17 patients with the upper urinary tract sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TERT C228T mutations were found in six of 17 cases (35%). p53 was expressed in 77% of these tumors. PAX8, GATA3, p40 and uroplakin III are less frequently expressed. Lymph node metastases were present in ten cases (59%). Eight patients (47%), including all three patients with TERT mutation, died of cancer within 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the upper urinary tract is an aggressive tumor and the presence of TERT mutation may portend poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez-Beltran
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology & Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Adeboye O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Osunkoya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Mingsheng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Shaobo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Sean R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Puay-Hoon
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Hristos Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Kaimakliotis
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Lee Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Baldridge
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: MacLennan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathological Anatomy & Histopathology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region (Ancona), United Hospitals, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Pathology & Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D000072636:PAX8 Transcription Factor; C083325:PAX8 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019098:Telomerase
keywords: GATA3; TERT promoter mutation; biomarkers; bladder; sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma; upper urinary tract; ureter