title: Oxysterols and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal contribute to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.
abstract: A growing bulk of evidence suggests that cholesterol oxidation products, known as oxysterols, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), the major proatherogenic components of oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), significantly contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization, with eventual plaque rupture. These oxidized lipids are involved in various key steps of this complex process, mainly thanks to their ability to induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effects induced by these compounds on vascular cells, after their accumulation in the arterial wall and in the atherosclerotic plaque.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gargiulo
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gamba
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staurenghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Torino, Italy. Electronic address: gabriella.leonarduzzi@unito.it.
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonarduzzi
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D000072376:Oxysterols / Q000378:metabolism*; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D016207:Cytokines; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D000072376:Oxysterols; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: Atherosclerosis; HNE; Oxysterols