title: Multidisciplinary Management of Pituitary Apoplexy.
abstract: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare clinical syndrome due to ischemic or haemorrhagic necrosis of the pituitary gland which complicates 2-12% of pituitary tumours, especially nonfunctioning adenomas. In many cases, it results in severe neurological, ophthalmological, and endocrinological consequences and may require prompt surgical decompression. Pituitary apoplexy represents a rare medical emergency that necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Modalities of treatment and times of intervention are still largely debated. Therefore, the management of patients with pituitary apoplexy is often empirically individualized and clinical outcome is inevitably related to the multidisciplinary team's skills and experience. This review aims to highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of pituitary apoplexy and to discuss modalities of presentation, treatment, and times of intervention.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albani
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7472-6598
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferraù
authors.affiliation: Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo Flavio
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Angileri
authors.affiliation: Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.affiliation: Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.affiliation: Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferreri
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cannavò