title: Synthesis and in vitro photodynamic therapy of chlorin derivative 131-ortho-trifluoromethyl-phenylhydrazone modified pyropheophorbide-a.
abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is entering the mainstream of the cancer treatments recently. Pyropheophorbide-a (Pa), as a degradation product of chlorophyll-a, has been shown to be a potent photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. In this paper, we investigated the in vitro photodynamic therapy of 131-ortho-trifluoromethyl-phenylhydrazone modified pyropheophorbide-a (PHPa) against human HeLa cervical cancer cell line, together with ultraviolet-visible spectra, fluorescence emission spectra, stability in various solvents, and single oxygen quantum yield. The results indicated that PHPa not only showed a greater molar extinction coefficient reached 4.55×104Lmol-1cm-1, the long absorption wavelength (681nm) as we expected that makes it potential in deep tumor treatment, but also showed better stability in near neutral phosphate buffers (pH 7.4) and culture medium, as well as higher single oxygen quantum yield (ФD=40.5%) in DMF solutions. Moreover, cell experiments suggested that PHPa could be uptaken by HeLa cells successfully, and has low dark toxicity without irradiation, but remarkable photo-cytotoxicity (IC50, 1.92±0.59μM) that the inhibition rate of HeLa cells could increase up 91.4% at 30μM of PHPa after irradiation. In addition, morphological changes of HeLa cells further demonstrated that PHPa can induce damage and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, the mechanism of photochemical processes was investigated by using specific quenching agent sodium azide (SA) and D-mannitol (DM), respectively, which showed the formation of singlet oxygen (Type II reaction mechanism) may play a predominant role, Type I and Type II photodynamic reactions could occur simultaneously in this PHPa mediated PDT process.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
authors.forename: Wenting
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China; College of life science and technology, Harbin Normal University, 150025, Harbin, China. Electronic address: tgh.123@163.com.
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. Electronic address: lysprof@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. Electronic address: jyxprof@163.com.
authors.forename: Yingxue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D006835:Hydrazones; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D011166:Porphyrins; C012483:phenylhydrazone; D002734:Chlorophyll; C040298:pyropheophorbide a; C006969:chlorin
keywords: Antitumor; Chlorin-based photosensitizer; Phenylhydrazone; Photodynamic therapy (PDT); Pyropheophorbide-a (Pa)