title: High-Resolution Imaging of Intraretinal Structures in Active and Resolved Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.
abstract: We improved our understanding of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), we performed an analysis of noninvasive, high-resolution retinal imaging in patients with active and resolved CSC.
  
  
  
  Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed on five subjects with CSC. A custom AOSLO system was used to simultaneously collect confocal and split-detector images. Spectral domain-OCT volume scans were used to create en face views of various retinal layers, which then were compared to montaged AOSLO images after coregistration.
  
  
  
  Three distinct types of intraretinal hyperreflective clusters were seen with AOSLO. These clusters had a well-demarcated, round, and granular appearance. Clusters in active CSC over areas of serous retinal detachment were termed type-1. They were found primarily in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and were associated with large defects in the photoreceptor mosaic and ellipsoid zone. Clusters in areas where the retina had reattached were termed type-2. They also were located primarily in the ONL but showed stability in location over a period of at least 8 months. Smaller clusters in the inner retina along retinal capillaries were termed type-3.
  
  
  
  Retinal imaging in CSC using en face OCT and AOSLO allows precise localization of intraretinal structures and detection of features that cannot be seen with SD-OCT alone. These findings may provide greater insight into the pathophysiology of the active and resolved phases of the disease, and support the hypothesis that intraretinal hyperreflective foci on OCT in CSC are cellular in nature.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: Ryan N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Langlo
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States.
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scoles
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States 2Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Weinberg
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.
authors.forename: Judy E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D056833:Central Serous Chorioretinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000473:pathology*; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D055211:Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Inner Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D055214:Retinal Photoreceptor Cell Outer Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*