title: Marine turtles are not fussy nesters: a novel test of small-scale nest site selection using structure from motion beach terrain information.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nest selection is widely regarded as a key process determining the fitness of individuals and viability of animal populations. For marine turtles that nest on beaches, this is particularly pivotal as the nesting environment can significantly control reproductive success.The aim of this study was to identify the environmental attributes of beaches (i.e., morphology, vegetation, urbanisation) that may be associated with successful oviposition in green and loggerhead turtle nests.
  
  
  METHODS
  We quantified the proximity of turtle nests (and surrounding beach locations) to urban areas, measured their exposure to artificial light, and used ultra-high resolution (cm-scale) digital surface models derived from Structure-from-Motion (SfM) algorithms, to characterise geomorphic and vegetation features of beaches on the Sunshine Coast, eastern Australia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At small spatial scales (i.e., <100 m), we found no evidence that turtles selected nest sites based on a particular suite of environmental attributes (i.e., the attributes of nest sites were not consistently different from those of surrounding beach locations). Nest sites were, however, typically characterised by occurring close to vegetation, on parts of the shore where the beach- and dune-face was concave and not highly rugged, and in areas with moderate exposure to artificial light.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study used a novel empirical approach to identify the attributes of turtle nest sites from a broader 'envelope' of environmental nest traits, and is the first step towards optimizing conservation actions to mitigate, at the local scale, present and emerging human impacts on turtle nesting beaches.
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Javier X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Ben L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Gilby
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Olds
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore , Queensland , Australia.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Schlacher
keywords: Beach vegetation; Citizen science; Conservation; Geo-morphometry; Nest attributes