title: Maintenance and Representation of Mind Wandering during Resting-State fMRI.
abstract: Major advances in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques in the last two decades have provided a tool to better understand the functional organization of the brain both in health and illness. Despite such developments, characterizing regulation and cerebral representation of mind wandering, which occurs unavoidably during resting-state fMRI scans and may induce variability of the acquired data, remains a work in progress. Here, we demonstrate that a decrease or decoupling in functional connectivity involving the caudate nucleus, insula, medial prefrontal cortex and other domain-specific regions was associated with more sustained mind wandering in particular thought domains during resting-state fMRI. Importantly, our findings suggest that temporal and between-subject variations in functional connectivity of above-mentioned regions might be linked with the continuity of mind wandering. Our study not only provides a preliminary framework for characterizing the maintenance and cerebral representation of different types of mind wandering, but also highlights the importance of taking mind wandering into consideration when studying brain organization with resting-state fMRI in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Cognitive Science Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Ying-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sundman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Heather E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Whitson
authors.affiliation: Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Mei-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Carol P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Weingarten
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kirste
authors.affiliation: Neuroimaging Group (GIN), UMR5293, CEA CNRS Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, CEDEX, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Joliot
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Michele T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Allen W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.|Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Nan-Kuei
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008606:Mental Processes; D008875:Middle Aged; D012146:Rest