title: Plasma markers of inflammation and hemostatic and endothelial activity in naturally overweight and obese dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems in the canine population. While haemostatic parameters and markers of endothelial function have been evaluated in various disease conditions in dogs, there are no studies of these markers in canine obesity. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of naturally gained weight excess and obesity on inflammatory, hemostatic and endothelial biomarkers in dogs. A total of 37 overweight and obese dogs were compared with 28 normal weight dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overweight and obese dogs had significantly elevated concentrations of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Number of platelets, activity of factor X and factor VII were significantly higher, while activated partial thromboplastine time (aPTT) and soluble plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) were significantly decreased. Statistical analysis of high mobility group box - 1 protein (HMGB-1), soluble intercellular adhesive molecule -1 (sICAM-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) concentrations did not show significant differences between the total overweight and obese group and the normal weight group of dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analytical changes in the dogs in our study reflects that weight excess in dogs can be associated with a chronic low degree of inflammation and a hypercoagulable state, where primary and secondary hemostasis are both affected. However obesity is not associated with impairment of endothelial function in dogs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barić Rafaj
authors.affiliation: ERA Chair team VetMedZg, Internal Diseases Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia. jkules@vef.hr.
authors.forename: J
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-4690
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuleš
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marinculić
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tvarijonaviciute
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ceron
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Institute, Savska cesta 143, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ž
authors.initials: Ž
authors.lastname: Mihaljević
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tumpa
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Internal Dieaases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mrljak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006490:Hemostatics
keywords: Canine; Clotting factors; HsCRP; IL-6; Platelets