title: ApoM/HDL-C and apoM/apoA-I ratios are indicators of diabetic nephropathy in healthy controls and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apolipoprotein M (apoM) concentrations were decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ApoM was selectively expressed in renal tubular epithelial cells. We investigated the changes in plasma apoM concentrations in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients and the potential of apoM as a biomarker of DN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 96 DN patients and 100 age- and sex-matched diabetic non-nephropathy (non-DN) patients and 110 healthy controls were included. All T2DM patients were divided into 3 groups according to urinary albumin excretion: normoalbuminuria (n=100), microalbuminuria (n=50) and macroalbuminuria (n=46). Plasma apoM concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DN Patients had higher plasma apoM concentrations than those in non-DN patients (22.23±11.69 vs. 18.96±7.85ng/μl, P<0.05). In addition, microalbuminuria group showed higher plasma apoM concentrations than those in normoalbuminuria group (22.67±11.40 vs. 18.96±7.85ng/μl, P<0.05). The areas under curve (AUC) of apoM using a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that plasma apoM concentrations were not indicators for identification of DN from healthy people (AUC=0.478, P=0.585) and from T2DM (AUC=0.563, P=0.125). DN patients had higher ratios of apoM/HDL-C and apoM/apoA1 than those in healthy controls and in non-DN patients. ApoM/HDL-C and apoM/apoA1 ratios could be used as indicators for identification of DN from healthy people (AUC=0.597, P=0.016; AUC=0.665, P=0.000, respectively) and from T2DM (AUC=0.580, P=0.050; AUC=0.601, P=0.015, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ApoM/HDL-C and apoM/apoA1 ratios could be used as indicators for identification of DN from healthy people and from T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Puhong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Jialin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Lizhuo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, China.
authors.forename: Lizhu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wannan Medical College, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, China. Electronic address: yaozhang_wnmc@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D000075243:Apolipoproteins M; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D054834:Lipocalins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: C505693:APOA1 protein, human; C400523:APOM protein, human; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001053:Apolipoproteins; D000075243:Apolipoproteins M; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D054834:Lipocalins
keywords: Apolipoprotein M; Biomarker; Diabetic nephropathy; Lipids, type 2 diabetes mellitus