title: Modulation of Neuroinflammation in the Central Nervous System: Role of Chemokines and Sphingolipids.
abstract: Neuroinflammation is a process involved in the pathogenesis of different disorders, both autoimmune, such as neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, and degenerative, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. In the central nervous system, the local milieu is tightly regulated by different mediators, among which are chemoattractant cytokines, also known as chemokines. These small molecules are able to modulate trafficking of immune cells in the course of nervous system development or in response to tissue damage, and different patterns of chemokine molecule and receptor expression have been described in several neuroinflammatory disorders. In recent years, a number of studies have highlighted a pivotal role of sphingolipids in regulating neuroinflammation. Sphingolipids have different functions, among which are the control of leukocyte egress from lymphonodes into inflamed tissues, the expression of various mediators of inflammation and a direct effect on the cells of the central nervous system as regulators of neuroinflammation. In the future, a better knowledge of these two groups of mediators could provide insight into the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders and could help develop novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Lupus Clinic, Division of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. roberta.gualtierotti@unimi.it.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6465-7624
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gualtierotti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guarnaccia
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beretta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Navone
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Riboni
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rampini
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marfia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018925:Chemokines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000276:immunology; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D013107:Sphingolipids
keywords: Alzheimer; Chemokines; Multiple sclerosis; Neuroinflammation; Parkinson; Sphingolipids; Systemic lupus erythematosus