title: Stem Cell Transplantation for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Current Options and Opportunities.
abstract: Peripheral nerve regeneration is a complicated process highlighted by Wallerian degeneration, axonal sprouting, and remyelination. Schwann cells play an integral role in multiple facets of nerve regeneration but obtaining Schwann cells for cell-based therapy is limited by the invasive nature of harvesting and donor site morbidity. Stem cell transplantation for peripheral nerve regeneration offers an alternative cell-based therapy with several regenerative benefits. Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into Schwann-like cells that recruit macrophages for removal of cellular debris. They also can secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axonal growth, and remyelination. Currently, various types of stem cell sources are being investigated for their application to peripheral nerve regeneration. This review highlights studies involving the stem cell types, the mechanisms of their action, methods of delivery to the injury site, and relevant pre-clinical or clinical data. The purpose of this article is to review the current point of view on the application of stem cell based strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China. john94007@163.com.
authors.forename: Liangfu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. SAJones@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Salazar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.|Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. xjia@som.umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012583:Schwann Cells / Q000166:cytology; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology
keywords: peripheral nerve; regeneration; stem cells; transplantation