title: Effect of feeding complete feed block containing rumen protected protein, non-protein nitrogen and rumen protected fat on improving body condition and carcass traits of cull ewes.
abstract: Nutrient utilization, body condition and carcass traits of cull ewes were studied in three dietary regimens based on complete feed block (CFB) feeding to control (C) with rumen protected protein (RPP), CU [RPP + urea (6 g/kg)] and CUF [RPP + urea + rumen protected fat (RPF; 40 g/kg)]. The RPP component (g/kg) in C had 1% formaldehyde-treated soy flakes 50, mustard cake 50 and sesame cake 30. The mustard and sesame cakes were replaced with urea on equivalent N basis in CU and CUF. The ewes were offered ad libitum CFB composed (g/kg) of concentrate 650, roughage 300 and molasses 50. The digestibility of OM and EE was higher (p < 0.05) in CUF than in CU and C, while that of NDF and ADF was lower (p < 0.05). The CP digestibility was higher in both CU and CUF. Utilization of N and Ca was higher (p < 0.05) in CUF compared with C and CU. Urinary purine derivatives analysis and microbial N synthesis were similar in all the groups. Blood glucose concentration improved at 90 day compared with 0 day. Ruminal attributes showed a higher (p < 0.05) pH, total N, TCA precipitable N, entodiniomorphs and total ciliate population in CU and CUF than in the control. The CUF had higher (p < 0.01) DM, digestible OM and ME intake, which resulted in higher (p < 0.05) weight gain and better feed efficiency. Ewes in all the groups showed an improvement in carcass traits at 90 day. The pre-slaughter weight was higher (p < 0.05) and dissected and KOH bone content was lower in CUF. Thus, feeding of CFB with urea as a cheaper N source and RPF to enrich with energy supported the improved performance as evidenced from higher nutrient input, 'utilization and efficiency with enhanced carcass traits' for better marketability and returns from cull ewes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bhatt
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sahoo
mesh_terms: D065136:Animal Culling; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D005285:Fermentation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology*; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014508:Urea / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D014508:Urea; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: body condition score; carcass traits; complete feed block; cull ewes; digestibility; nutrient utilization