title: Aspergillus awamori-fermented mung bean seed coats enhance the antioxidant and immune responses of weaned pigs.
abstract: The potential benefits of Aspergillus-fermented mung bean seed coats (FMSC) for weaned pigs remain unexplored. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to evaluate the potential of FMSC supplement on the growth, antioxidant and immune responses of weaned pigs. The total polyphenols and DPPH scavenging capability of ethanol extract of FMSC exhibited a greater (p < 0.01) increase than those of pre-fermentation. With the addition of the polyphenol of FMSC extract, an increase in phagocytosis by neutrophils and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were found. However, these observations were significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) in those activated cells. Next, 96 weaned pigs were allotted with a randomized complete block design into four dietary treatments, including 0 (control), 600, 1200 or 1800 mg/kg FMSC in a corn-soya bean meal basal diet for a 35-day trial. The pigs were injected with swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP) vaccines at day 3 and day 21 respectively. The results showed that dietary treatment failed to affect growth performance or serum SEP titre. The diet supplemented with 600-1800 mg/kg FMSC decreased faecal lactoferrin on day 21 and increased plasma trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and erythrocytes catalase activity, as well as decreased (p < 0.01) plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration on day 35. Diet supplementation of 1800 mg/kg FMSC increased phagocytosis by neutrophils and PBMC proliferation induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). However, the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN)-positive respiratory burst cells were decreased in the supplementation of 1200 or 1800 mg/kg FMSC respectively. In addition, the serum haptoglobin concentration was decreased in the supplementation with 1200 mg/kg FMSC. Taken together, FMSC enriches polyphenols with antioxidative and immune modulated properties. After feeding FMSC, an improvement in antioxidative capability and immunocompetence was found, implying that FMSC could provide as a feed additive at optimal level 1200 mg/kg for weaned pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hua University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Weng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000517:prevention & control; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070658:Vigna / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000975:Antioxidants; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D007781:Lactoferrin
keywords: feed additives; fermentation; mung bean seed coats; pig