title: Expression and Clinical Significance of Androgen Receptor in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis because of frequent recurrence. Androgen receptor (AR) is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, but its role is not clearly defined. The aim of this study was to explore the expression of AR and its relationship with clinicopathologic features in TNBC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study investigated 1036 cases of sporadic invasive breast carcinoma. Immunohistochemical assays were performed to determine the expression of AR in 190 TNBC samples. The relationships between AR expression and clinicopathologic data and prognosis were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 190 TNBC cases, the prognosis of AR-positive patients was significantly better (p= 0.019, log-rank) than AR-negative patients, and in multivariate analysis, AR expression was an independent indicator of good prognosis (p= 0.039, hazard ratio = 0.36). In patients with disease relapse, AR positivity was significantly correlated with better prognosis (p= 0.034, log-rank).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AR expression may be useful as a subclassification marker for prognosis in TNBC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. asnyk0325@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. spqv9ke9@view.ocn.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. saraikazemaru@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m1153321@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. spitz4_5@yahoo.co.jp.
authors.forename: Tamami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. tsutomu-@rd5.so-net.ne.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. s-noda@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. nonoda@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Naoyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onoda
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. m-ohsawa@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohsawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. hirakawa@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kosei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. masaichi@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Masaichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohira
keywords: androgen receptor; individualized treatment; intrinsic subtype; prognostic marker; triple-negative breast cancer