title: Prostate Cancer Mortality-To-Incidence Ratios Are Associated with Cancer Care Disparities in 35 Countries.
abstract: The variation in mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) among countries reflects the clinical outcomes and the available interventions for colorectal cancer treatments. The association between MIR of prostate cancer and cancer care disparities among countries is an interesting issue that is rarely investigated. For the present study, cancer incidence and mortality rates were obtained from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. The rankings and total expenditures on health of various countries were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). The association between variables was analyzed by linear regression analyses. In this study, we estimated the role of MIRs from 35 countries that had a prostate cancer incidence greater than 5,000 cases per year. As expected, high prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates were observed in more developed regions, such as Europe and the Americas. However, the MIRs were 2.5 times higher in the less developed regions. Regarding the association between MIR and cancer care disparities, countries with good WHO ranking and high total expenditures on health/gross domestic product (GDP) were significant correlated with low MIR. The MIR variation for prostate cancer correlates with cancer care disparities among countries further support the role of cancer care disparities in clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sung-Lang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shao-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Cheng-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tzuo-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Jung
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Jung
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Ru
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jiunn-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D014943:Global Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014944:World Health Organization