title: Development of a Sustained Antiplaque and Antimicrobial Chewing Gum of a Decapeptide.
abstract: The objective of this paper was to design a chewing gum formulation delivery system in situations where typical dental hygiene practice is not practical. Thus, an analog of decapeptide KSL (KSL-W), known to possess antimicrobial and antiplaque activity, was incorporated into a chewing gum formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The effect of the excipients, xylitol, and peppermint oil on active ingredients in vitro release was also assessed. Gum formulations were prepared with different excipient parameters, including heating xylitol and gum base at 65 or 85°C, using ground and unground xylitol, and the addition of 1.5, 3, and 7% peppermint oil, to determine the effect of these changes on the in vitro release of KSL-W and CPC using a chewing machine. The antimicrobial and antiplaque activities of solutions released from chewed gum formulation as well as prepared standard solutions with different concentrations were tested against placebo. The optimal temperature to avoid crystallization of xylitol during preparation was 65°C. Grinding xylitol to 104.5 μm improved release of active ingredients as compared to commercially unground xylitol. Peppermint oil had opposite effects on release of KSL-W and CPC. Peppermint oil at 1.5% was determined to be suitable (91 and 88% of KSL-W and CPC released, respectively, after 40 min). The gum formulation illustrated good sustained release of KSL-W and CPC with antibacterial and antiplaque activities after chewing. An effective antimicrobial and antiplaque chewing gum formulation was developed. This formulation has the potential to overcome oral hygiene issues in those unable to follow normal dental protocols.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan. amalghananeem@just.edu.jo.
authors.forename: Abeer M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Ghananeem
authors.affiliation: Dental and Craniofacial Trauma Research and Tissue Regeneration Directorate, Institute of Surgical Research, 3650 Chambers Pass, Bldg 3611, JBSA Fort Sam, Houston, Texas, 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Kai P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Evonik Industries, 750 Lakeshore Parkway, Birmingham, Alabama, 35211, USA.
authors.forename: Jabar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faraj
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: DeLuca
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002594:Cetylpyridinium / Q000737:chemistry; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D014993:Xylitol / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002638:Chewing Gum; D047630:Depsipeptides; D005079:Excipients; C119235:lysyl-lysyl-valyl-valyl-phenylalanyl-lysyl-valyl-lysyl-phenylalanyl-lysine; D002594:Cetylpyridinium; D014993:Xylitol
keywords: antimicrobial; antiplaque; chewing gum; flavoring agent; sustained release