title: Ferulic acid suppresses expression of tryptophan metabolic key enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase via NFκB and p38 MAPK in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells.
abstract: Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenol compound found in plants that has anti-inflammatory properties. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan catabolic enzyme induced in immune cells, including glial cells, during inflammation. Enhanced IDO expression leads to reduced tryptophan levels and increased levels of toxic metabolites, including quinolinic acid. Therefore, inhibition of IDO expression may be effective in suppressing progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the effect of FA in microglial cells on IDO expression levels and related inflammatory signal molecules. FA suppressed LPS-induced IDO mRNA expression and also suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. However, FA did not affect the production of LPS-induced inflammatory mediators and phosphorylation of JNK. Our results indicate that FA suppresses LPS-induced IDO mRNA expression, which may be mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways in microglial cells.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Manami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshiguchi
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komazaki
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Shizuka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Horticulture , Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.
authors.forename: Yukari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Egashira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014364:Tryptophan; C004999:ferulic acid; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: ferulic acid; indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, tryptophan; inflammation; microglia