title: Aged garlic extract suppresses the increase of plasma glycated albumin level and enhances the AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue in TSOD mice.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on the high level of blood glucose in Tsumura Suzuki Obese-Diabetes (TSOD) mice.
  
  
  
  TSOD mice were fed standard diet with or without 2% AGE for 19 weeks. AGE treatment lowered the blood glucose level and significantly reduced the plasma level of glycated albumin in TSOD mice as compared with those without AGE treatment. In addition, AGE treatment increased the level of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the adipose tissue, liver and muscle that played an important role in the maintenance of insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AGE treatment also suppressed the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase, a known factor regulated by AMPK, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, one of the representative inflammatory chemokines, in the adipose tissue but not in the liver.
  
  
  
  AGE treatment suppresses the increase of plasma glycated albumin level in TSOD mice and this effect is accompanied by the activation of AMPK in adipose tissue, and suggests that AGE may play a potential role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Inokuma
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takashima
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichiro
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery Laboratory, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morihara
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy; D004032:Diet; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005511:Food Handling; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012709:Serum Albumin; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000093423:Glycated Serum Albumin
keywords: AMP-activated protein kinase; Aged garlic extract; Diabetes; Glycated albumin; Inflammation