title: Mitochondria in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis.
abstract: Mitochondria, the organelles that function as the powerhouse of the cell, have been increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults in the western world. Its etiology remains unknown, and while the inflammatory component of MS has been heavily investigated and targeted for therapeutic intervention, the failure of remyelination and the process of axonal degeneration are still poorly understood. Recent studies suggest a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegenerative aspects of MS. This review is focused on mitochondrial functions under physiological conditions and the consequences of mitochondrial alterations in various CNS disorders. Moreover, we summarize recent findings linking mitochondrial dysfunction to MS and discuss novel therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondria-related pathways as well as emerging experimental approaches for modeling mitochondrial disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patergnani
authors.affiliation: The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonora
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Missiroli
authors.affiliation: The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY, United States.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rusielewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wieckowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. Electronic address: paolo.pinton@unife.it.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology
keywords: mitochondria; multiple sclerosis; oligodendrocytes; therapy