title: Reference Values for Human Posture Measurements Based on Computerized Photogrammetry: A Systematic Review.
abstract: The main objective of this study was to review the literature to identify reference values for angles and distances of body segments related to upright posture in healthy adult women with the Postural Assessment Software (PAS/SAPO).
  
  
  
  Electronic databases (BVS, PubMed, SciELO and Scopus) were assessed using the following descriptors: evaluation, posture, photogrammetry, physical therapy, postural alignment, postural assessment, and physiotherapy. Studies that performed postural evaluation in healthy adult women with PAS/SAPO and were published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, between the years 2005 and 2014 were included.
  
  
  
  Four studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from the included studies were grouped to establish the statistical descriptors (mean, variance, and standard deviation) of the body angles and distances. A total of 29 variables were assessed (10 in the anterior views, 16 in the lateral right and left views, and 3 in the posterior views), and its respective mean and standard deviation were calculated. Reference values for the anterior and posterior views showed no symmetry between the right and left sides of the body in the frontal plane. There were also small differences in the calculated reference values for the lateral view.
  
  
  
  The proposed reference values for quantitative evaluation of the upright posture in healthy adult women estimated in the present study using PAS/SAPO could guide future studies and help clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Freire
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Macedo Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Molecular Carcinogenesis Program, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lemos
authors.affiliation: PROCC, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio Guilherme
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pacheco
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitário Celso Lisboa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maitê
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mello Russo
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Alice
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Santos de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.. Electronic address: erikacrodrigues@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Carvalho Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values
keywords: Photogrammetry, Female; Posture