title: The Relationship of the Post-reflux Swallow-induced Peristaltic Wave Index and Esophageal Baseline Impedance with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptoms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index and esophageal baseline impedance (BI) are novel impedance parameters used to evaluate esophageal chemical clearance and mucosal integrity. However, their relationship with reflux symptoms is not known. We aim to evaluate the correlations of PSPW index and esophageal BI with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) tracings in patients with suspected GERD. Reflux symptoms were also analyzed from checklists using ordinal scales. The PSPW index and esophageal BIs in 6 spots (z1-z6) were measured. Bivariate (Spearman) correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the PSPW index or esophageal BI, and the degree of GERD symptoms measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MII-pH records of 143 patients were analyzed. The PSPW index was significantly lower in patients who had heartburn and negatively correlated with the degree of heartburn (r= -0.186,P< 0.05). On the contrary, the PSPW index was not significantly correlated with the degree of dysphagia (r= -0.013,P= 0.874). Distal esophageal BI was not significantly correlated with heartburn, but negatively correlated with the degree of dysphagia (z3:r= -0.328, z4:r= -0.361, z5:r= -0.316, z6:r= -0.273;P< 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that delayed chemical clearance of the esophagus may induce heartburn, but that it is not related to dysphagia. However, a lack of esophageal mucosal integrity may be related to dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Kyu
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Seong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Hee
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Ran
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Gun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: Dysphagia; Esophageal baseline impedance; Gastroesophageal reflux; Heartburn; PSPW index