title: Definitions, measurement and prevalence of sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities - A systematic review.
abstract: Supporting positive change in lifestyle behaviours is a priority in tackling the health inequalities experienced by adults with intellectual disabilities. In this systematic review, we examine the evidence on the definition, measurement and epidemiology of sedentary behaviour of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic literature search of PUBMED, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies published from 1990 up to October 2015. Nineteen papers met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Many researchers do not distinguish between insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour. None of the studies reported the reliability and validity of the methods used to measure sedentary behaviour. Sedentary time, assessed objectively, ranged from 522 to 643min/day: higher than in adults without intellectual disabilities. This first-ever review of sedentary behaviour and intellectual disabilities found that at present the evidence base is weak. Studies calibrating accelerometer data with criterion measures for sedentary behaviour are needed to determine specific cut-off points to measure sedentary behaviour in adults with intellectual disabilities. Researchers should also examine the reliability and validity of using proxy-report questionnaires to measure sedentary behaviour in this group. A better understanding of sedentary behaviour will inform the design of novel interventions to change lifestyle behaviours of adults with intellectual disabilities.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: Craig.Melville@glasgow.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Melville
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alyt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oppewal
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schäfer Elinder
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedicine of Ageing, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Freiberger
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Spain.
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra-Balic
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thessa I M
authors.initials: TIM
authors.lastname: Hilgenkamp
authors.affiliation: School of Science and Engineering, University of Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Ingi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Einarsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Sciences, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Rocio H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Izquierdo-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Spain.
authors.forename: Oriol
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sansano-Nadal
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rintala
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy, University of Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cuesta-Vargas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sports Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giné-Garriga
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D054625:Healthcare Disparities; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D015995:Prevalence; D057185:Sedentary Behavior
keywords: Developmental disabilities; Health inequalities; Measurement; Obesity; Sedentary behaviour