title: Staged or Combined Approach for Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A 5-Year-Long Experience.
abstract: Optimal surgical approach for patients with hemodynamically significant carotid and coronary disease remains controversial. We analyzed our 5-year experience and compared early and long-term outcome following staged and combined carotid and coronary artery bypass.
  
  
  
  312 consecutive patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass between 2008 and 2013 were prospectively enrolled in the study. Patients were scheduled for a staged (carotid endarterectomy followed by coronary artery bypass within 1 week) procedure (Group S) unless they were unstable in terms of cardiac status (were deemed to a combined procedure; Group C). All patient data including demographics, risk factors, immediate perioperative events, 30-day, and long-term outcome were prospectively recorded and then analyzed. Groups S and C were compared for pre- and perioperative data as well as immediate, 30-day, and long-term survival. A P value less than .05 was considered significant. Survival analysis was made using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.
  
  
  
  Group S included 204 patients and Group C included 108 patients. Preoperative demographics and clinical data were similar in the two groups except that preoperative cerebrovascular events were more common in Group C (31.7% versus 22.22%, P = .036) and bilateral carotid disease was more common in Group S. The EuroSCORE was higher in Group C (2.91 versus 2.65, P = .013). Carotid surgery techniques were similar; intraluminal shunting was more frequent in group C than group S (33.33% versus 9.88%, P = .001). Additional cardiac procedures in addition to coronary surgery was predominant in Group C. 30-day neurological adverse event rates, ICU, and hospital stay were significantly higher in Group C. The 30-day mortality was also sigficantly higher in Group C (1.96% versus 4.62%, P = .001).
  
  
  
  Staged and combined surgical approaches yield comparable outcomes. A staged approach may provide a more favorable neurological outcome with significantly reduced need for intraluminal shunting. Long-term outcome is, however, similar.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kursad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ünal
authors.initials: Ü
authors.lastname: Aydın
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mugisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kyaruzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul University, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Onur Selçuk
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Göksel
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yeniterzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bakir
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology