title: Dysregulation of cytokine mediated chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment.
abstract: One of the major complaints patients who survive cancer often make is chemotherapy induced cognitive impairment (CICI), which survivors often call "chemo brain." CICI is a side effect of chemotherapy due to the cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs causing structural and functional changes in brain, even when drugs that do not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) are used. Diminished cognitive functions including diminution of learning and memory, concentration and attention, processing speed and executive functions that reduce quality of life and ability to work are common signs and symptoms of CICI. There still is not a clarified and complete mechanism for CICI, but researchers have pointed to several biochemical candidates. Chemotherapy-induced, cytokine-mediated involvement in CICI will be mainly discussed in this review paper with emphasis on different types of cytokines, correlated with BBB and epigenetic changes. Mechanisms of ROS-generating, anti-cancer drugs and their relation to cytokine-mediated CICI will be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Keutucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA, USA.
authors.forename: Daret K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0055, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Keutucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA, USA. Electronic address: dabcns@uky.edu.
authors.forename: D Allan
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Butterfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Cancer chemotherapy; Chemobrain; Cognition dysfunction; Cytokines and epigenetics changes