title: Size segregated PM and its chemical composition emitted from heated corn oil.
abstract: Characterization of the airborne particulate matter (PM) emitted from cooking components including cooking oil, and additives like salt has not been carefully investigated. This study provides new data on the concentration, composition, and emission rates/fluxes of PM (less than 3.3µm) generated during heating corn oil and corn oil with added table salt. The concept of emission flux was employed to estimate the emission rates in this study. A statistically significant reduction of 47.6% (P<0.05) in the total PM emission rate and emission flux were observed when salt was added to the heated corn oil (5.15×101mgmin-1) compared to the pure oil (9.83×101mgmin-1). The OC emission rate decreased 61.3% (P<0.05) when salt was added to the corn oil (2.35×101mgmin-1) compared to the pure corn oil (5.83×101mgmin-1). With the salt, the total EC emission rate was 6.99×10-1mgmin-1, a 62.7% reduction in EC emission compared to pure corn oil (1.88mgmin-1). These results suggest that table salt can be added to the corn oil prior to frying to reduce exposure to cooking generated PM.
authors.affiliation: Chemical and Aerosol Research Team, School of Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; Chemical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus, Guzelyurt, Mersin 10, Turkey. Electronic address: mehdi.torkmahalleh@nu.edu.kz.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amouei Torkmahalleh
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University Northern Cyprus Campus, Guzelyurt, Mersin 10, Turkey.
authors.forename: Soudabeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorjinezhad
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keles
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.affiliation: Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5708 USA.
authors.forename: Philip K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hopke
mesh_terms: D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods*; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D003314:Corn Oil
keywords: Corn oil; OC/EC; PM emission rate; Salt; Trace elements