title: Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale for patients seeking esthetic surgery: cross-cultural validation study.
abstract: Rhinoplasty is one of the most sought-after esthetic operations among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale.
  Cross-cultural validation study conducted in a plastic surgery outpatient clinic of a public university hospital.
  Between February 2014 and March 2015, 80 consecutive patients of both sexes seeking rhinoplasty were selected. Thirty of them participated in the phase of cultural adaptation of the instrument. Reproducibility was tested on 20 patients and construct validity was assessed on 50 patients, with correlation against the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
  The Brazilian version of the instrument showed Cronbach's alpha of 0.805 and excellent inter-rater reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.873; P < 0.001) and intra-rater reproducibility (ICC = 0.939; P < 0.001). Significant differences in total scores were found between patients with and without symptoms (P < 0.001). A strong correlation (r = 0.841; P < 0.001) was observed between the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder and the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.981, thus showing good accuracy for discriminating between presence and absence of symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. Forty-six percent of the patients had body dysmorphic symptoms and 54% had moderate to severe appearance-related obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
  The Brazilian version of the Body Dysmorphic Symptoms Scale is a reproducible instrument that presents face, content and construct validity.
authors.affiliation: BSc. Master's Student, Postgraduate Program on Translational Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiana Dalpasquale
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: PhD. Affiliate Professor, College of Health Science, Universidade do Vale do Sapucaí (UNIVÁS), Minas Gerais; Postdoctoral Researcher, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria José Azevedo de
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brito
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD. Adjunct Professor, Postgraduate Program on Translational Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mônica Sarto
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Piccolo
authors.affiliation: BSc. Master's Student, Postgraduate Program on Translational Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Fernanda Normanha da Silva Martins
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rosella
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD. Associate Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabino
authors.affiliation: MD, PhD. Full Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lydia Masako
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D057215:Body Dysmorphic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D001938:Brazil; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000523:psychology*; D057566:Self Report / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult