title: Association of Chronic Kidney Disease with Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Risks in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Observational Cross-sectional Study in Hangzhou, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between CKD and CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China has not yet been well investigated. This study aimed to determine the association of CKD with the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in a Chinese population with T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1401 inpatients with T2DM at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine between April 2008 and November 2013 were included in this study. The CKD-Epidemiology Collaboration equation for Asians was used to classify CKD. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study risk engine was used to estimate the risks of CHD and stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CHD risk was significantly increased with CKD stage (20.1%, 24.8%, and 34.3% in T2DM patients with no CKD, CKD Stage 1-2, and Stage 3-5, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). The stroke risk was also increased with CKD stage (8.6%, 12.7%, and 25.4% in T2DM patients with no CKD, CKD Stage 1-2, and Stage 3-5, respectively; P < 0.001 for all). Compared with no-CKD group, the odds ratios (OR s) for high CHD risk were 1.7 (P < 0.001) in the CKD Stage 1-2 group and 3.5 (P < 0.001) in the CKD Stage 3-5 group. The corresponding OR s for high stroke risk were 1.9 (P < 0.001) and 8.2 (P < 0.001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with T2DM, advanced CKD stage was associated with the increased risks of CHD and stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Han-Yu
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiao
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Li-Zhen
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Xiu
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Heng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Song-Zhao
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
authors.forename: Peng-Fei
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Shan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D002681:China; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000652:urine; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine