title: Gastric Plication Improves Glycemia Partly by Restoring the Altered Expression of Aquaglyceroporins in Adipose Tissue and the Liver in Obese Rats.
abstract: Gastric plication is a minimally invasive bariatric surgical procedure, where the greater curvature is plicated inside the gastric lumen. Our aims were to analyze the effectiveness of gastric plication on the resolution of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and fatty liver in an experimental model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to evaluate changes in glycerol metabolism, a key substrate for adiposity and gluconeogenesis, in adipose tissue and the liver.
  
  
  
  Male Wistar DIO rats (n = 58) were subjected to surgical (sham operation and gastric plication) or dietary interventions [fed a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) or pair-fed to the amount of food eaten by gastric-plicated animals]. The expression of aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) in epididymal (EWAT) and subcutaneous (SCWAT) fat and the liver was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot.
  
  
  
  Gastric plication did not result in a significant weight loss in DIO rats, showing a modest reduction in whole-body adiposity and hepatic steatosis. However, gastric-plicated animals exhibited an improvement in basal glycemia and glucose clearance, without changes in hepatic gluconeogenic genes. DIO was associated with an increase in glycerol, higher AQP3 and AQP7 in EWAT and SCWAT, and a decrease in hepatic AQP9. Gastric plication downregulated AQP3 in both fat depots without changes in adipose AQP7 and hepatic AQP9.
  
  
  
  Gastric plication results in a modest reduction in adiposity and hepatosteatosis but restores glycemia by downregulating AQP3, which entails lower efflux of glycerol from fat, lower plasma glycerol availability, and a reduced use of glycerol as a substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Leire
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Méndez-Giménez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becerril
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moncada
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valentí
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Secundino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Catalán
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ambrosi
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Graça
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soveral
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: María M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Malagón
authors.affiliation: CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain. arodmur@unav.es.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. arodmur@unav.es.
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2180-461X
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.|CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gema
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frühbeck
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D051397:Aquaglyceroporins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D051397:Aquaglyceroporins; D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: Aquaporins; Fatty liver; Gastric plication; Glycerol; Obesity