title: Luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces.
abstract: When engineered on scales much smaller than the operating wavelength, metal-semiconductor nanostructures exhibit properties unobtainable in nature. Namely, a uniaxial optical metamaterial described by a hyperbolic dispersion relation can simultaneously behave as a reflective metal and an absorptive or emissive semiconductor for electromagnetic waves with orthogonal linear polarization states. Using an unconventional multilayer architecture, we demonstrate luminescent hyperbolic metasurfaces, wherein distributed semiconducting quantum wells display extreme absorption and emission polarization anisotropy. Through normally incident micro-photoluminescence measurements, we observe absorption anisotropies greater than a factor of 10 and degree-of-linear polarization of emission >0.9. We observe the modification of emission spectra and, by incorporating wavelength-scale gratings, show a controlled reduction of polarization anisotropy. We verify hyperbolic dispersion with numerical simulations that model the metasurface as a composite nanoscale structure and according to the effective medium approximation. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate >350% emission intensity enhancement relative to the bare semiconducting quantum wells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: J S T
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smalley
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vallini
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.affiliation: Material Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.affiliation: Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kanté
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.|Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Fullerton
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail code 0407, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fainman