title: Podocalyxin as a major pluripotent marker and novel keratan sulfate proteoglycan in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
abstract: Podocalyxin (PC) was first identified as a heavily sialylated transmembrane protein of glomerular podocytes. Recent studies suggest that PC is a remarkable glycoconjugate that acts as a universal glyco-carrier. The glycoforms of PC are responsible for multiple functions in normal tissue, human cancer cells, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). PC is employed as a major pluripotent marker of hESCs and hiPSCs. Among the general antibodies for human PC, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 recognize the keratan sulfate (KS)-related structures. Therefore, It is worthwhile to summarize the outstanding chemical characteristic of PC, including the KS-related structures. Here, we review the glycoforms of PC and discuss the potential of PC as a novel KS proteoglycan in undifferentiated hESCs and hiPSCs.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan. hidenao@ph.ritsumei.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidenao
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7066-4249
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinoshita-Toyoda
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism*; D000066449:Human Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C001643:podocalyxin; D007632:Keratan Sulfate
keywords: Embryonic stem cells; Glycosaminoglycans; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Keratan sulfate; Podocalyxin