title: Chronotype and anxiety are associated in patients with chronic primary insomnia.
abstract: To assess the interaction of chronotype with anxiety in patients with chronic primary insomnia.
  Sixty-four patients (50 women) with mean age 43.9±8.1 years were investigated with the Horne and Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).
  Significant negative correlations of chronotype-MEQ score with STAI state-anxiety (r = -0.40, p < 0.05), STAI trait-anxiety (r = -0.40, p < 0.05), and STAI pre-sleep state anxiety (r = -0.30, p < 0.05) were observed. Eveningness preference was associated with higher trait, state, and pre-sleep state anxiety.
  These results suggest that chronotype may be an important parameter to identifying the origin and significance of a vicious anxiety-insomnia-depression cycle in patients with chronic primary insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Regional Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Giselle S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Passos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Regional Jataí, Jataí, GO, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dalva
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poyares
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carolina V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: D'Aurea
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional (EEFFTO), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: de Mello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000502:physiology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012016:Reference Values; D057566:Self Report; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors