title: An Objective Measure of Noseband Tightness and Its Measurement Using a Novel Digital Tightness Gauge.
abstract: Noseband tightness is difficult to assess in horses participating in equestrian sports such as dressage, show jumping and three-day-eventing. There is growing concern that nosebands are commonly tightened to such an extent as to restrict normal equine behaviour and possibly cause injury. In the absence of a clear agreed definition of noseband tightness, a simple model of the equine nose-noseband interface environment was developed in order to guide further studies in this area. The normal force component of the noseband tensile force was identified as the key contributor to sub-noseband tissue compression. The model was used to inform the design of a digital tightness gauge which could reliably measure the normal force component of the noseband tensile force. A digital tightness gauge was developed to measure this parameter under nosebands fitted to bridled horses. Results are presented for field tests using two prototype designs. Prototype version three was used in field trial 1 (n = 15, frontal nasal plane sub-noseband site). Results of this trial were used to develop an ergonomically designed prototype, version 4, which was tested in a second field trial (n = 12, frontal nasal plane and lateral sub-noseband site). Nosebands were set to three tightness settings in each trial as judged by a single rater using an International Society for Equitation Science (ISES) taper gauge. Normal forces in the range 7-95 N were recorded at the frontal nasal plane while a lower range 1-28 N was found at the lateral site for the taper gauge range used in the trials. The digital tightness gauge was found to be simple to use, reliable, and safe and its use did not agitate the animals in any discernable way. A simple six point tightness scale is suggested to aid regulation implementation and the control of noseband tightness using normal force measurement as the objective tightness discriminant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Orla
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.affiliation: Aaron Value Adding Services Ltd.,Unit M7, Smithstown Industrial Estate, Shannon, Co.Clare, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics,University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002138:Calibration; D004867:Equipment Design; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D010827:Physiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011312:Pressure; D018401:Sample Size; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013718:Tensile Strength; D016474:Weight-Bearing