title: Size and dynamics of microplastic in gastrointestinal tracts of Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) and Sooty Shearwaters (Ardenna grisea).
abstract: We found microplastic in 89.5% of 143 Northern Fulmars from 2008 to 2013 and 64% of 25 Sooty Shearwaters in 2011-2012 that were found dead or stranded on Oregon and Washington beaches. Average plastic loads were 19.5 pieces and 0.461g for fulmars and 13.3 pieces and 0.335g for shearwaters. Pre-manufactured plastic pellets accounted for 8.5% of fulmar and 33% of shearwater plastic pieces. In both species, plastic in proventriculi averaged 2-3mm larger in greatest dimension than in ventriculi. Intestinal plastic in fulmars averaged 1mm less in greatest dimension than ventricular plastic. There was no significant reduction in pieces or mass of plastic in 33 fulmars held for a median of seven days in a plastic-free environment. Three fulmars that survived to be released from rehabilitation regurgitated plastic, which provided an alternative outlet for elimination of plastic and requires reassessment of the dynamics of plastic in seabird gastrointestinal tracts.
authors.affiliation: Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States; Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
authors.forename: Alicia K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Terepocki
authors.affiliation: Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States; Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
authors.forename: Alex T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Brush
authors.affiliation: Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States; Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
authors.forename: Lydia U
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Kleine
authors.affiliation: Slater Museum of Natural History, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States. Electronic address: gshugart@pugetsound.edu.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Shugart
authors.affiliation: Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, United States.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hodum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005766:Gastrointestinal Contents; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract; D009922:Oregon; D010969:Plastics; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D010969:Plastics
keywords: Ardenna grisea; Dynamics; Flux; Fulmarus glacialis; Microplastic; NE pacific