title: Outcome and Impact Evaluation of a Transgender Health Course for Health Profession Students.
abstract: Being transgender is associated with numerous health disparities, and transgender individuals face mistreatment and discrimination in healthcare settings. At the same time, healthcare professionals report inadequate preparation to care for transgender people, and patients often have to teach their own medical providers about transgender care. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of an elective course for health profession students in transgender health that was implemented to address these gaps in provider knowledge.
  
  
  
  Students participated in a 10-session, lunch-hour elective course during the spring of 2015. To evaluate impact, course participants completed pre-, immediately post-, and 3-month postcourse questionnaires, including a previously validated nine-item transphobia scale, to determine the course's effect on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about transgender health.
  
  
  
  Forty-six students completed the pre- and immediately postelective questionnaire (74% response rate). Compared with pre-elective surveys, immediately postelective scores demonstrated increased knowledge in most domains and reduced transphobia. Specific knowledge domains with improvements included terminology, best practices for collecting gender identity, awareness of the DSM-V gender dysphoria diagnosis, medications used for gender affirmation, and relevant federal policies. A previously validated transphobia scale was found to have good reliability in the current sample.
  
  
  
  This elective course led to positive short-term changes in measures of multiple knowledge domains and reduced measures of transphobia among health profession students. Further study is needed to assess the long-term impact. Our methods and findings, including the demonstration of reliability of a previously validated nine-item transphobia scale, serve as formative data for the future development of theory-based transgender medicine curricula and measures.
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Hannan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Ilana R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Garcia-Grossman
authors.affiliation: 1 School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quiñones-Rivera
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Madeline B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004517:Education, Professional; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011287:Prejudice / Q000517:prevention & control; D013336:Students, Health Occupations / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014189:Transsexualism
keywords: gender dysphoria; health disparities; health education/training programs; transgender/transsexual