title: Implementation of data management and effect on chronic disease coding in a primary care organisation: A parallel cohort observational study.
abstract: Consistent and standardized coding for chronic conditions is associated with better care; however, coding may currently be limited in electronic medical records (EMRs) used in Canadian primary care.Objectives To implement data management activities in a community-based primary care organisation and to evaluate the effects on coding for chronic conditions.
  
  
  
  Fifty-nine family physicians in Toronto, Ontario, belonging to a single primary care organisation, participated in the study. The organisation implemented a central analytical data repository containing their EMR data extracted, cleaned, standardized and returned by the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN), a large validated primary care EMR-based database. They used reporting software provided by CPCSSN to identify selected chronic conditions and standardized codes were then added back to the EMR. We studied four chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and dementia). We compared changes in coding over six months for physicians in the organisation with changes for 315 primary care physicians participating in CPCSSN across Canada.
  
  
  
  Chronic disease coding within the organisation increased significantly more than in other primary care sites. The adjusted difference in the increase of coding was 7.7% (95% confidence interval 7.1%-8.2%, p < 0.01). The use of standard codes, consisting of the most common diagnostic codes for each condition in the CPCSSN database, increased by 8.9% more (95% CI 8.3%-9.5%, p < 0.01).
  
  
  
  Data management activities were associated with an increase in standardized coding for chronic conditions. Exploring requirements to scale and spread this approach in Canadian primary care organisations may be worthwhile.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto Department of Family and Community Medicine. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greiver
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto;North York General Hospital, Toronto; North York Family Health Team, Toronto. info@nyfht.com.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wintemute
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aliarzadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston. Ken.Martin@cspc.queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston. Shahriar.Khan@dfm.queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: The College of Family Physicians Canada, Mississauga. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Jannet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.affiliation: The College of Family Physicians Canada, Mississauga. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambert-Lanning
authors.affiliation: University of Western Ontario, London. mgreiver@rogers.com.
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000145:classification*; D054869:Clinical Audit / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual / Q000592:standards*; D057286:Electronic Health Records / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D062527:Meaningful Use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009864:Ontario; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration*
keywords: Chronic diseases; Clinical audits; Electronic Medical Records; Meaningful Use; Primary health care