title: Individual differences in visual motion perception and neurotransmitter concentrations in the human brain.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that interindividual variability can be a rich source of information regarding the mechanism of human visual perception. In this study, we examined the mechanisms underlying interindividual variability in the perception of visual motion, one of the fundamental components of visual scene analysis, by measuring neurotransmitter concentrations using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. First, by psychophysically examining two types of motion phenomena-motion assimilation and contrast-we found that, following the presentation of the same stimulus, some participants perceived motion assimilation, while others perceived motion contrast. Furthermore, we found that the concentration of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate-glutamine (Glx) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 46) was positively correlated with the participant's tendency to motion assimilation over motion contrast; however, this effect was not observed in the visual areas. The concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid had only a weak effect compared with that of Glx. We conclude that excitatory process in the suprasensory area is important for an individual's tendency to determine antagonistically perceived visual motion phenomena.This article is part of the themed issue 'Auditory and visual scene analysis'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8565, Japan takeuchi@fc.jwu.ac.jp.|Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuto
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2050-0219
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.|School of Psychology, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4936-1563
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.affiliation: Brain Activity Imaging Center, ATR-Promotions, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9281-0200
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.affiliation: Brain Activity Imaging Center, ATR-Promotions, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.|Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Seika-cho, Kyoto 619-0228, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4023-0674
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochiyama
authors.affiliation: Human Information Science Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohito M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7444-4996
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007564:Japan; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009039:Motion Perception; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid
keywords: glutamate–glutamine; interindividual variability; magnetic resonance spectroscopy; neurotransmitters; visual motion perception; γ-aminobutyric acid