title: Diurnal evolution of the temperature sensitivity of CO2efflux in permafrost soils under control and warm conditions.
abstract: Cryosols contain ~33% of the global soil organic carbon. Cryosol warming and permafrost degradation may enhance the CO2release to the atmosphere through the microbial decomposition. Despite the large carbon pool, the permafrost carbon feedback on the climate remains uncertain. In this study, we aimed at better understanding the diurnal evolution of the temperature sensitivity of CO2efflux in Cryosols. A Histic Cryosol and a Turbic Cryosol were instrumented in tussock tundra ecosystems near Salluit (Nunavik, Canada). Open top chambers were installed during summer 2011 and the ground temperature, the soil moisture and meteorological variables were recorded hourly while the ecosystem respiration was measured three times per day every second day with opaque and closed dynamic chambers in control and warm stations. Despite warmer conditions, the average CO2efflux at the control stations at the Histic site (1.29±0.45μmolCO2m-2s-1) was lower than at the Turbic site (2.30±0.74μmolCO2m-2s-1). The increase in CO2efflux with warming was greater in the Histic Cryosol (~39%) than in the Turbic Cryosol (~16%). Our study showed that the temperature sensitivity of the ecosystem respiration evolved during the day and decreased with the experimental warming. Both sites exhibited diurnal hysteresis loops between CO2efflux and the soil surface temperature. The width of hysteresis loops increased with the solar radiation and decreased along the growing season. We developed simple linear models that took into account the diurnal evolution of the temperature sensitivity of CO2efflux and we estimated the seasonal cumulative carbon release to the atmosphere. The calculation using solely diurnal measurements significantly differed from the seasonal carbon release modelled hourly. Our study highlighted that the time of the day when measurements are performed should be taken into account to accurately estimate the seasonal carbon release from tundra ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD UMR 34 CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, pav. Abitibi-Price, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada; Department of Geography, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Electronic address: julien.fouche@queensu.ca.
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fouché
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD UMR 34 CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, pav. Abitibi-Price, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD UMR 34 CEREGE, Technopôle de l'Environnement Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France.
authors.forename: Jean Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ambrosi
keywords: Arctic tundra; Diurnal hysteresis loops; Histic Cryosol; Permafrost carbon feedback; Q(10); Turbic Cryosol