title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare 2 Scalable Interventions for Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Prevention: Main Outcomes of the TULIP Study.
abstract: We compared 2-year urinary incontinence and urgency scores of older women who attended a 2-hour bladder health class vs those who viewed a 20-minute abbreviated class video for the purpose of urinary incontinence prevention.
  
  
  
  A randomized, 2-arm, parallel design study was done to test the superiority of the 20-minute video over the 2-hour class. Outcomes at baseline, and 3, 12 and 24 months were the scores on questions 1 to 3 of ICIQ-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence Short Form) as the primary outcome and on IUSS (Indevus Urgency Severity Scale). Intent to treat analysis was done to compare the change from baseline in each intervention group across time and also with each other. Multiple imputation was used for missing data.
  
  
  
  A total of 647 women participated in the study. Mean age was 63 years and approximately 28% of the participants were African American, primarily from an urban setting. The 2 arms were balanced on body mass index at baseline, age, race/ethnicity, education, employment status, income and marital status. No differences in primary or secondary outcomes were demonstrated between the 2 groups from baseline to the 3, 12 or 24-month visits.
  
  
  
  The absence of significant differences in the outcome measures of ICIQ-SF and IUSS between the 2-hour class and the 20-minute video groups demonstrates that the 2 interventions were comparable. As urinary incontinence and urgency tend to rise annually in older women, instruction in bladder health self-care provided through either the 2-hour class or the 20-minute video format is a useful intervention to prevent urinary incontinence in older women.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: csampsll@umich.edu.
authors.forename: Carolyn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sampselle
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Diane K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Janis M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Keri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DiCamillo
authors.affiliation: Health Economics Resource Center, Palo Alto Veterans Affairs Health Care System and Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Trivellor E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Raghunathan
authors.affiliation: William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan.
authors.forename: Ananias C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Diokno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014741:Video Recording
keywords: health education; risk reduction behavior; self care; urinary bladder; urinary incontinence