title: Evolution of transcript modification byN6-methyladenosine in primates.
abstract: Phenotypic differences within populations and between closely related species are often driven by variation and evolution of gene expression. However, most analyses have focused on the effects of genomic variation atcis-regulatory elements such as promoters and enhancers that control transcriptional activity, and little is understood about the influence of post-transcriptional processes on transcript evolution. Post-transcriptional modification of RNA byN6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been shown to be widespread throughout the transcriptome, and this reversible mark can affect transcript stability and translation dynamics. Here we analyze m6A mRNA modifications in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from human, chimpanzee and rhesus, and we identify patterns of m6A evolution among species. We find that m6A evolution occurs in parallel with evolution of consensus RNA sequence motifs known to be associated with the enzymatic complexes that regulate m6A dynamics, and expression evolution of m6A-modified genes occurs in parallel with m6A evolution.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Lijia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Boxuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Jigyasa H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tuteja
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.|Tempus Health, Incorporated, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta / Q000235:genetics; D059372:Nucleotide Motifs; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C010223:N-methyladenosine; D000241:Adenosine