title: Splenic Immune Response Is Down-Regulated in C57BL/6J Mice Fed Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid Enriched High Fat Diet.
abstract: Dietaryn-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are associated with reduction of inflammation, although the mechanisms are poorly understood, especially how the spleen, as a secondary lymphoid organ, is involved. To investigate the effects of EPA and DHA on spleen gene expression, male C57BL/6J mice were fed high fat diets (HFD) differing in fatty acid composition, either based on corn oil (HFD-CO), or CO enriched with 2 g/100 g EPA and DHA (HFD-ED), for eight weeks. Spleen tissue was analyzed using transcriptomics and for fatty acids profiling. Biological processes (BPs) related to the immune response, including T-cell receptor signaling pathway, T-cell differentiation and co-stimulation, myeloid dendritic cell differentiation, antigen presentation and processing, and the toll like receptor pathway were downregulated by HFD-ED compared with control and HFD-CO. These findings were supported by the down-regulation of NF-κB in HFD-ED compared with HFD-CO fed mice. Lower phospholipid arachidonic acid levels in HFD-ED compared with HFD-CO, and control mice suggest attenuation of pathways via prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The HFD-ED also upregulated BPs related to erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis compared with control and HFD-CO fed mice. Our findings suggest that EPA and DHA down-regulate the splenic immune response induced by HFD-CO, supporting earlier work that the spleen is a target organ for the anti-inflammatory effects of thesen-3 fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. soni@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Nikul K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. alastair.ross@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Alastair B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. nathalie.scheers@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scheers
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. otto.savolainen@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Otto I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Savolainen
authors.affiliation: Division of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. intawat@chalmers.se.|Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. intawat@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Intawat
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nookaew
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. brittg@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Britt G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gabrielsson
authors.affiliation: Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. ann-sofie.sandberg@chalmers.se.
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D015289:Leukotrienes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010743:Phospholipids; D011453:Prostaglandins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid
keywords: NF-κB; arachidonic acid; eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); inflammation and immunity; spleen transcriptomics