title: Particle Bombardment of Ex Vivo Skin to Deliver DNA and Express Proteins.
abstract: Particle bombardment of gold microparticles coated with plasmids, which are accelerated to high velocity, is used for transfection of cells within tissue. Using this method, cDNA encoding proteins of interest introduced into ex vivo living human skin enables studying of proteins of interest in real time. Here, technical aspects of particle bombardment of ex vivo skin are described using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as readout for efficiency. This method can be applied on numerous tissues, including in living model animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. e.sokol@umcg.nl.|Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. e.sokol@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Ena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sokol
authors.affiliation: Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nijenhuis
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaas A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sjollema
authors.affiliation: Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Jonkman
authors.affiliation: Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hendri H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Pas
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ben N G
authors.initials: BNG
authors.lastname: Giepmans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019470:Biolistics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006371:Helium; D006046:Gold
keywords: Blistering diseases; Ex vivo living human skin; Exogenous proteins; Green fluorescent protein; Helios gene gun; Live imaging; Particle bombardment