title: Evaluation of wound healing, anti-microbial and antioxidant potential ofPongamia pinnatain wistar rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate wound healing, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of leaf extract ofPongamia Pinnata.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methanolic extracts ofP. pinnataleaf were studied for wound healing efficiency, and was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, tensile strength, breaking strength, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content, along with its effect on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was assessed using excision and incision model of wound repair in Wistar rats. Antimicrobial activity against ten microorganisms was also assessed. In vivo antioxidant activity was performed to understand the mechanism of wound healing potency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicated thatP. pinnataextract has potent wound healing capacity as evident from the wound contraction and increased tensile strength. Hydroxyproline and hexosamine expression were also well correlated with the healing pattern observed. extract exhibited significant antimicrobial activity,Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus nigeralso indicate thatP. pinnataposses potent antioxidant activity by inhibition lipid peroxidation, reduce glutathione, superoxide dismutase level and increases catalase activity. During early wound healing phase TNF-α and IL-6 level were found to be up-regulated byP. pinnatatreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased wound contraction and tensile strength, augmented hydroxyproline and hexosamine content, antioxidative activity and moderate antimicrobial activity support the early wound healing exhibited byP. pinnata. Induction in cytokine production may be one of the mechanisms in accelerating the wound healing. Results suggest thatP. pinnatamay be useful in tropical management of wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Minor Forest Produce Processing and Research Center, Bhopal 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Maulana Aazad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 462003, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Minor Forest Produce Processing and Research Center, Bhopal 462021, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malviya
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462126, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Anti-inflammatory cytokines; Antimicrobial activity antioxidant; Pongamia pinnata; Pro-inflammatory cytokines; Wound healing