title: Tomato progeny inherit resistance to the nematode Meloidogyne javanica linked to plant growth induced by the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride.
abstract: Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are major crop pathogens worldwide. Trichoderma genus fungi are recognized biocontrol agents and a direct activity of Trichoderma atroviride (Ta) against the RKN Meloidogyne javanica (Mj), in terms of 42% reduction of number of galls (NG), 60% of number of egg masses and 90% of number of adult nematodes inside the roots, has been observed in tomato grown under greenhouse conditions. An in vivo split-root designed experiment served to demonstrate that Ta induces systemic resistance towards Mj, without the need for the organisms to be in direct contact, and significantly reduces NG (20%) and adult nematodes inside tomato roots (87%). The first generation (F1) of Ta-primed tomato plants inherited resistance to RKN; although, the induction of defenses occurred through different mechanisms, and in varying degrees, depending on the Ta-Mj interaction. Plant growth promotion induced by Ta was inherited without compromising the level of resistance to Mj, as the progeny of Ta-primed plants displayed increased size and resistance to Mj without fitness costs. Gene expression results from the defense inductions in the offspring of Ta-primed plants, suggested that an auxin-induced reactive oxygen species production promoted by Ta may act as a major defense strategy during plant growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.|Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hugo Agripino de
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jerônimo Vieira de
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Araújo Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro Grassi de
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: María Belén
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermosa
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Genetics, Spanish-Portuguese Institute for Agricultural Research (CIALE), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060467:Disease Resistance; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D063245:Plant Development; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000469:parasitology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000254:growth & development*; D014431:Tylenchoidea / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species