title: Role of frozen section in the intra-operative margin assessment during breast conserving surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is increasingly done for early breast cancers in many countries since it has been demonstrated by randomized trials that survival rates after BCS followed by adjuvant therapy are equivalent to those obtained after mastectomy. Frozen section analyses (FSA) is a technique used for intra-operative assessment of margin status in BCS. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance of margin status assessment by FSA and permanent sections and to assess correlation with local recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 162 patients underwent BCS for in situ or invasive carcinoma with FSA of margins during the year 2008 at our center. The inclusion criteria in this study were patients with intact tumor at the time of surgery. After application of the inclusion criteria, 60 patients could be included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After frozen section, 20 patients had an initial negative margin. 40 subjects underwent additional excisions at the time of initial surgery because of close or positive margins. Of these 40 patients, in 32 patients a negative margin could be achieved with re-excisions. Pathological analyses of frozen section showed concordance to permanent sections in all cases. At a median follow-up of 40 months, there were no local recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intra-operative FSA allows resection of suspicious margins at the time of primary conservative surgery and results in low rates of local recurrence and second surgeries. There is good concordance between results of FSA and the final paraffin section in assessing margin status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Anila
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandramohan
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Somanathan
authors.affiliation: Regional Cancer Centre, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jayasree
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult