title: Proton beam therapy for olfactory neuroblastoma.
abstract: To clarify the efficacy and feasibility of proton beam therapy (PBT) for olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB).
  
  
  
  We retrospectively reviewed 42 consecutive patients who received PBT with curative intent for ONB at National Cancer Center Hospital East from November 1999 to March 2012.
  
  
  
  Five patients (12%) had Kadish A disease, nine (21%) had Kadish B, and twenty-eight (67%) had Kadish C. All patients except one received a total dose of 65Gy (relative biological effectiveness: RBE) in 26 fractions. Twenty-four patients (57%) received induction and/or concurrent chemotherapy. The median follow-up for all eligible patients was 69months (7-186). The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 100% and 80% for Kadish A, 86 and 65% for Kadish B, and 76% and 39% for Kadish C, respectively. The sites of the first progression were local in six patients (30%), regional in eight (40%), distant in two (10%), local and regional in two (10%), and local and distant in two (10%). Late adverse events of grade 3-4 were seen in six patients (ipsilateral visual impairment, 3; bilateral visual impairment, 1; liquorrhea, 1; cataract, 1).
  
  
  
  PBT was a safe and effective modality for ONB.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. Electronic address: naoknaka@east.ncc.go.jp.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Sadamoto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zenda
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.affiliation: Division of Head and Neck Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hotta
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kito
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Motegi
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arahira
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachibana
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D061766:Proton Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Craniofacial surgery; Nasal cavity; Olfactory neuroblastoma; Proton beam therapy; Reirradiation