title: An Osteologic Study of Cranial Opening of Optic Canal in Gujarat Region.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optic canal is a bony canal situated in between the roots of lesser wings of sphenoid, lateral to body of sphenoid. It transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery, surrounded by meninges. Various authors have studied variations in skull foramina and correlated clinically, as variants in the body structures have been found to be associated with many inherited or acquired diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to examine morphologic and morphometric variations in cranial openings of optic canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was undertaken in total 150 dry adult human skulls. The variations in size, shape, presence or absence and duplication or multiplication if any, in optic canal were observed bilaterally. Unusual features such as recess, fissure and notch were also observed bilaterally. Student's t-test was applied to compare size of cranial openings of optic canal on both sides. Similarly, morphologic features related with the canal were studied by calculating frequency and proportions of various parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optic canal was present in all 150 skulls studied bilaterally. The mean maximum dimension of the canal at cranial opening was 5.03±0.72 mm on right side and 5.02±0.76 mm on left side. The shape of the canal was ovoid at cranial opening in all the skulls studied. Duplication of optic canal was present in one skull on left side. Recess was found in 105(35%) sides of total skulls observed. Fissure was found in 20(6.67%) sides and notch was observed in 30(10%) sides of total skulls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optic canal showed variability in various parameters. Knowledge regarding variations in size, shape and unusual features on cranial opening of optic canal can be helpful to clinicians while approaching optic canal for various invasive procedures such as optic nerve decompression.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Binita Jigneshkumar
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Purohit
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, Pramukhswami Medical College , Karamsad, Anand, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Praveen R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Singh
keywords: Morphology; Morphometry; Optic nerve