title: Low concentration of oleic acid exacerbates LPS-induced cell death and inflammation in human alveolar epithelial cells.
abstract: The current study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of oleic acid on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in the human lung epithelial cells (A549).
  
  
  
  The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests. Selected gene expression levels were analyzed by Real-Time Quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).
  
  
  
  24 hours of LPS (100 ng/mL) exposure decreased the cells' viability by 44.6% compared to untreated control. Low concentration (2.5 nM) of oleic acid slightly suppressed the cell survival by 9.1% analyzed 24 hours after incubation. However, oleic acid pretreatment before LPS exposure significantly increased cell survival loss to 63.9%. LPS exposure decreased the expressions of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels by 2.8 and 2.5 fold, respectively. Moreover, pretreatment of the cells with oleic acid strengthened LPS-decreased expressions of CAT and GPx genes by 3.5 and 6.7 fold, respectively. The mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β, IL-12, COX-2, caspase-3 and caspase-8 were increased by 2.4, 2.2, 2.2, 2.3, 3.0, 2.6, and 2.5 fold, respectively, by LPS, and oleic acid pretreatment significantly potentiated the effect of LPS.
  
  
  
  Oleic acid worsens LPS-induced cell death by potentiating oxidative stress and inflammation in A549 lung epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biochemistry , Veterinary Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University , Hatay , Turkey.
authors.forename: Altug
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kucukgul
authors.affiliation: b Department of Medical Biology , Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University , Edirne , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdogan
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019301:Oleic Acid
keywords: apoptosis; inflammation; lipopolysaccharide; lung injury; oleic acid