title: "Mycobacterium massilipolynesiensis" sp. nov., a rapidly-growing mycobacterium of medical interest related to Mycobacterium phlei.
abstract: In French Polynesia, respiratory tract clinical isolate M26, displayed unusual phenotype and contradictory phylogenetic affiliations, suggesting a hitherto unidentified rapidly-growing Mycobacterium species. The phenotype of strain M26 was further characterized and its genome sequenced. Strain M26 genome consists in a 5,732,017-bp circular chromosome with a G + C% of 67.54%, comprising 5,500 protein-coding genes and 52 RNA genes (including two copies of the 16 S rRNA gene). One region coding for a putative prophage was also predicted. An intriguing characteristic of strain M26's genome is the large number of genes encoding polyketide synthases and nonribosomal peptide synthases. Phylogenomic analysis showed that strain M26's genome is closest to the Mycobacterium phlei genome with a 76.6% average nucleotide identity. Comparative genomics of 33 Mycobacterium genomes yielded 361 genes unique to M26 strain which functional annotation revealed 84.21% of unknown function and 3.88% encoding lipid transport and metabolism; while 48.87% of genes absent in M26 strain have unknown function, 9.5% are implicated in transcription and 19% are implicated in transport and metabolism. Strain M26's unique phenotypic and genomic characteristics indicate it is representative of a new species named "Mycobacterium massilipolynesiensis". Looking for mycobacteria in remote areas allows for the discovery of new Mycobacterium species.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phelippeau
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asmar
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.|Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche de Djibouti (CERD), Institut de Recherche Médicinale (IRM), Djibouti.
authors.forename: D Aboubaker
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.affiliation: Université de Rennes 1, Laboratoire de Biochimie Pharmaceutique, InsermU835-UPRES EA 2311, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Michelle
authors.affiliation: Pôle de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes, Institut Louis Malardé, Tahiti, Polynésie Française.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Musso
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, UMR CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Drancourt
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000235:genetics; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D058977:Molecular Sequence Annotation; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009168:Mycobacterium phlei / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D039002:Prophages / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular