title: The Curves Exercise Suppresses Endotoxemia in Korean Women with Obesity.
abstract: Obesity and metabolic syndrome is a worldwide pandemic and associated with high cardiovascular risk. Metabolic endotoxemia (ME) is thought to be an underlying molecular mechanism. It triggers toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory adipokines and causes a chronic low grade inflammatory status, which results in cardiovascular risk increase. Exercise is the best nonpharmacological treatment to improve prognosis. In this study, we examined the circulating endotoxin level in Korean obese women and investigated effects of exercise on it. Women over body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m² participated in a resistance training exercise, Curves. At baseline and after 12 weeks exercise, tests including blood samples were taken. In Korean obese women, the fasting endotoxin was 1.45 ± 0.11 EU/mL. Ingestion of a high calorie meal led to a peak level after 2 hours (postprandial 2 hours [PP2]) and a significant rise over the 4 hours (postprandial 4 hours [PP4]) in it (1.78 ± 0.15 and 1.75 ± 0.14 EU/mL for PP2 and PP4, P < 0.05 vs. fasting). After exercise, BMI and hip circumference were reduced significantly. The total cholesterol (TC) at fasting, PP2 and PP4 were decreased significantly. All levels of circulating endotoxin at fasting, PP2 and PP4 showed reduction. But, the peak change was only significant (baseline vs. 12 weeks for PP2; 1.78 ± 0.15 vs. 1.48 ± 0.06 EU/mL, P < 0.05). We report the circulating endotoxin level in Korean obese women for the first time. Also, we establish that energy intake leads to endotoxemia and exercise suppresses the peak endotoxemia after meal. It suggests an impact for a better prognosis in obese women who follow regular exercise.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Seon Ah
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-9101
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Kyeong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0119-9483
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Hee Jung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9230-1326
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Mijoo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-4873
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kye Taek
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-8362
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hyung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-1543
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hyeong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-286X
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Hwan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6561-7760
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Si Wan
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-1512
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea. jojeong@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jin Ok
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-4754
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011379:Prognosis; D056910:Republic of Korea; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004731:Endotoxins; D014280:Triglycerides
keywords: Endotoxemia; Endotoxins; Exercise; Gut Microbiota; Lipopolysaccharides; Obesity