title: Enriching Nanoparticles via Acoustofluidics.
abstract: Focusing and enriching submicrometer and nanometer scale objects is of great importance for many applications in biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. Here, we present an acoustofluidic chip that can generate single vortex acoustic streaming inside a glass capillary through using low-power acoustic waves (only 5 V is required). The single vortex acoustic streaming that is generated, in conjunction with the acoustic radiation force, is able to enrich submicrometer- and nanometer-sized particles in a small volume. Numerical simulations were used to elucidate the mechanism of the single vortex formation and were verified experimentally, demonstrating the focusing of silica and polystyrene particles ranging in diameter from 80 to 500 nm. Moreover, the acoustofluidic chip was used to conduct an immunoassay in which nanoparticles that captured fluorescently labeled biomarkers were concentrated to enhance the emitted signal. With its advantages in simplicity, functionality, and power consumption, the acoustofluidic chip we present here is promising for many point-of-care applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Zhangming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
authors.forename: Mengxi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
authors.forename: Hunter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bachman
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mesyngier
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Xiasheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.|Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.
authors.forename: Tony Jun
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1205-3313
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D005453:Fluorescence; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000737:chemistry; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011137:Polystyrenes
keywords: acoustic streaming; acoustic tweezers; acoustofluidics; nanoparticle enrichment; surface acoustic waves