title: Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among HIV-infected pregnant women on highly active anti-retroviral therapy with premature rupture of membranes at term.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate and associated risk factors of human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) among HIV-infected pregnant women with term premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in comparison with those without PROM at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  All optimally managed HIV-positive pregnant women of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) who had PROM at term were enrolled. Maternal HIV-1 viral load was not assessed. Follow up was for a minimum of 18 months for evidence of HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 121 women with PROM at term, 46 (38.0%) were HIV sero-positive, 22/46 (47.8%) of which had their babies followed up till 18 months. The mean latency period was 10.5 ± 5.3 h in PROM group. Apart from duration of PROM (OR = 0.01; 95%CI = 0.00-0.13; p < 0.001), there were no differences in risk factors seen between cases and controls (p > 0.05). Of the 22 (47.8%) babies followed-up in the PROM group and 13 in non-PROM group, none tested positive to HIV, given an MTCT rate of 0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTCT rate was 0% following term PROM and in women without PROM. Since maternal HIV-1 viral load was not assessed, we need to be critical while interpreting the findings.
authors.affiliation: a Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Nnewi , Nigeria.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: George Uchenna
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0390-2152
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Eleje
authors.affiliation: c Paediatrics Infectious Disease and Neonatology Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.|d PMTCT Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Emeka Stephen
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Edokwe
authors.affiliation: a Effective Care Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nnamdi Azikiwe University , Nnewi , Nigeria.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.|d PMTCT Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Joseph Ifeanyichukwu
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Ikechebelu
authors.affiliation: c Paediatrics Infectious Disease and Neonatology Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.|d PMTCT Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Chinyere Ukamaka
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Onubogu
authors.affiliation: c Paediatrics Infectious Disease and Neonatology Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.|d PMTCT Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ebele Francesca
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Ugochukwu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Princeston Chukwuemeka
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Okam
authors.affiliation: e Antenatal Care Unit , Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital , Nnewi , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adaobi Maryann
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ibekwe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents
keywords: HAART; MTCT of HIV; PROM; rupture of membranes