title: Oral health effects associated with narghile use.
abstract: Background - As dentists are certain to encounter narghile-smokers amongst their patients, it is important to inform them of the possible detrimental impacts of narghile-use on oral-health. Objective - To review the literature on the oral-health effects of narghile-use. Methods - Data Sources - We made a search on pubmed until June 30th, 2015 for the chronic oral-health effects of narghile-use using the terms "oral-lesions" or "oral-cancer" or "dry-socket" or "periodontium" and 'narghile' or its different synonyms. Study selection - Only original studies and case reports or series focusing on clinical human studies were included. Sixteen studies met the selection criteria and 14 were retained. Data extraction - Data were abstracted by two authors and summarized into tables. Abstracted data, including study type and results, were analyzed jointly by four authors. Results - Data synthesis. Narghile-use has harmful effects on oral-cavity including periodontal diseases, dry-sockets and oral-mucosa lesions. Conclusion - Narghile-use is associated with a variety of adverse long-term oral-health effects that should reinforce the need for stronger regulation. Key-words - Tobacco - Oral lesions - Oral cancer - Periodontium - Dry-socket.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khemiss
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rouatbi
authors.forename: Latifa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrezouga
authors.forename: Helmi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ben Saad
mesh_terms: D004368:Dry Socket / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009909:Oral Health; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D000074285:Smokers; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000075387:Smoking Water Pipes