title: Multidimensional impact on families of children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) have prolonged disease course with relapses requiring frequent visits and prolonged steroid therapy with their long-term concerns. All these factors affect the child and their families in many domains of functioning. The objective of this study was to assess multidimensional impact on families of children with nephrotic syndrome using (PedsQL) Family Impact Module (FIM).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study was conducted in a paediatric nephrology clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Fifty cases of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome between age group of 2-18 years were included, and equal age-sex matched healthy children were taken as controls. Baseline demographic factors including age, gender and education status, modified Kuppuswamy's socio-economic status were collected and clinical variables of NS cases were recorded. FIM is a parent-reported instrument that measures the impact of paediatric chronic health conditions on care giver's HRQOL and their family function. Mean FIM scores were compared among the cases and controls, and different predictive factors affecting family impact (FI) were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The FI total score showed significantly lower scores in cases (mean score: 60.76 ± 15.66) as compared to controls (mean 100). Among the individual groups, lowest scores were found in two domains, namely 'worry' and 'emotional function' with mean scores of 46.20 ± 20.66 and 46.80 ± 24.61, respectively, although other domains were also significantly affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FI score should be evaluated in all cases of NS as parenting such children may significantly affect all domains of family functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Gurdeep S
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-8693
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dhooria
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Harmeet P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Harmesh S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bains
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics, Preventive Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Ravinder K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India.
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids
keywords: family functioning; nephrotic syndrome; parents