title: Cumulative effects of bamboo sawdust addition on pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Biochar properties and environmental risk from metals.
abstract: A novel type of biochar was produced by mixing bamboo sawdust with sewage sludge (1:1, w/w) via a co-pyrolysis process at 400-600°C. Changes in physico-chemical properties and the intrinsic speciation of metals were investigated before and after pyrolysis. Co-pyrolysis resulted in a lower biochar yield but a higher C content in the end product compared with use of sludge alone as the raw material. FT-IR analysis indicates that phosphine derivatives containing PH bonds were formed in the co-pyrolyzed biochars. In addition, co-pyrolysis of sludge with bamboo sawdust transformed the potentially toxic metals in the sludge into more stable fractions, leading to a considerable decrease in their direct toxicity and bioavailability in the co-pyrolyzed biochar. In conclusion, the co-pyrolysis technology provides a feasible method for the safe disposal of metal-contaminated sewage sludge in an attempt to minimize the environmental risk from potentially toxic metals after land application.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Jiyang College, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 77 Puyang Road, Zhuji 311800, China.
authors.forename: Minyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Yucheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Shengchun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China.
authors.forename: Jianyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Electronic address: jzhang@zafu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Consortium on Health, Environment, Education and Research (CHEER), Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
authors.forename: Ming Hung
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecology and Environment, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, 318 Liuhe Road, Hangzhou 310023, China.
authors.forename: Shengdao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 88 Huancheng North Road, Lin'an, Hangzhou 311300, China; Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christie
mesh_terms: D002606:Charcoal / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014934:Wood / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage; C540010:biochar; D002606:Charcoal
keywords: Bamboo sawdust; Potential environmental risk assessment; Pyrolysis; Sewage sludge; Trace metals