title: Moringa oleifera, a species with potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
abstract: Moringa oleifera has long been used in large demand in folk medicine to treat pain. The present study was undertaken to examine the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory spectrum of M. oleifera leaf extracts discriminating the constituents' nature by using different kind of experimental models in rats. Pharmacological evaluation of a non-polar and/or polar extracts at several doses (30-300mg/kg, p.o.) was explored through experimental nociception using formalin test, carrageenan-induced paw edema and arthritis with subcutaneous injection of collagen in rats. Basic morphology characterization was done by scanning electronic microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Not only polar (from 30 or 100mg/kg, p.o.) but also non-polar extract produced significant inhibition of the nociceptive behavior with major efficacy in the inflammatory response in different assessed experimental models. This antinociceptive activity involved constituents of different nature and depended on the intensity of the induced painful stimulus. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of kaempferol-3-glucoside in the polar extract and fatty acids like chlorogenic acid, among others, in the non-polar extract. Data obtained with M. oleifera leaf extracts give evidence of its potential for pain treatment.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738, Mexico.
authors.forename: Claudia Lizbeth
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco 14370, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México D.F., 07738, Mexico.
authors.forename: Efraín J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Martínez-Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calz. México-Xochimilco 101, Col. San Lorenzo, Huipulco 14370, México, D.F., México. Electronic address: evag@imp.edu.mx.
authors.forename: María Eva
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: González-Trujano
authors.affiliation: Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F. 11340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Myrna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Déciga-Campos
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Desarrollo de Medicamentos, Depto. de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México, D.F., Mexico.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de "Farmacología del Dolor" del Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de Julio 965, 28045 Colima, Col, Mexico.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Díaz-Reval
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D029588:Moringa oleifera / Q000737:chemistry*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005960:Glucosides; D044949:Kaempferols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; C006552:kaempferol
keywords: Antinociception; Chlorogenic acid; Folk medicine; Kaempferol-3-glucoside; Moringa oleifera; Morphology; Scanning electronic microscopy