title: Enzymes as modular catalysts for redox half-reactions in H2-powered chemical synthesis: from biology to technology.
abstract: The present study considers the ways in which redox enzyme modules are coupled in living cells for linking reductive and oxidative half-reactions, and then reviews examples in which this concept can be exploited technologically in applications of coupled enzyme pairs. We discuss many examples in which enzymes are interfaced with electronically conductive particles to build up heterogeneous catalytic systems in an approach which could be termed synthetic biochemistry We focus on reactions involving the H+/H2redox couple catalysed by NiFe hydrogenase moieties in conjunction with other biocatalysed reactions to assemble systems directed towards synthesis of specialised chemicals, chemical building blocks or bio-derived fuel molecules. We review our work in which this approach is applied in designing enzyme-modified particles for H2-driven recycling of the nicotinamide cofactor NADH to provide a clean cofactor source for applications of NADH-dependent enzymes in chemical synthesis, presenting a combination of published and new work on these systems. We also consider related photobiocatalytic approaches for light-driven production of chemicals or H2as a fuel. We emphasise the techniques available for understanding detailed catalytic properties of the enzymes responsible for individual redox half-reactions, and the importance of a fundamental understanding of the enzyme characteristics in enabling effective applications of redox biocatalysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ash
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: HyunSeo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: Ailun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Posidias
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K.
authors.forename: Chloe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, U.K. kylie.vincent@chem.ox.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Kylie A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vincent
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D055162:Biocatalysis; D056804:Biofuels; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D006864:Hydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D015202:Protein Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D056804:Biofuels; D003067:Coenzymes; D009243:NAD; D006859:Hydrogen; C043296:nickel-iron hydrogenase; D006864:Hydrogenase
keywords: NADH; biotechnology; heterogeneous catalysis; hydrogen; hydrogenase; redox enzymes