title: Association of statin use and hypertriglyceridemia with diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: To investigate the effects of dyslipidemia and statin therapy on progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  The medical records of 110 patients with type 2 diabetes (70 statin users and 40 non-users) were retrospectively reviewed. The two outcome measures were progression of diabetic retinopathy by two or more steps on the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study scale and diabetic macular edema based on optical coherence tomography. Serum lipid profiles were analyzed from 6 months prior to diagnosis of diabetic macular edema.
  
  
  
  Diabetic retinopathy progressed in 23% of statin users and 18% of non-users (p = 0.506), but diabetic macular edema was present in 23% of statin users and 48% of non-users (p = 0.008). Statins reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with and without diabetic macular edema (p = 0.043 and p = 0.031, respectively). Among statin users, patients with diabetic macular edema had higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.004) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.033) than those without diabetic macular edema. Logistic regression analysis showed that statin use significantly lowered the risk of diabetic macular edema [odds ratio (OR): 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.91, p = 0.032]. Hypertriglyceridemia at 6 months prior to development of macular edema was significantly associated with central retinal thickness (OR: 1.52; 95% CI 1.14-2.02, p = 0.005).
  
  
  
  Lipid lowering therapy with statins protected against the development of diabetic macular edema and progression of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hypertriglyceridemia could be used as a surrogate marker for diabetic macular edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo-Ri
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.|Department of Biomedical Sciences and Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ka Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness (FARB) Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. steph25@snu.ac.kr.|Department of Biomedical Sciences and Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. steph25@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong Hun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, South Korea. kie114@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Kihwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D065840:Protective Factors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords: Diabetic macular edema; Diabetic retinopathy; Statin; Triglyceride