title: Exosomal microRNAs in liquid biopsies: future biomarkers for prostate cancer.
abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in males in the world. Plasma quantification of prostate-specific antigen substantially improved the early detection of prostate cancer, but still lacks the required specificity. Clinical management of prostate cancer needs advances in the development of new non-invasive biomarkers, ameliorating current diagnosis and prognosis and guiding therapeutic decisions. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. These miRNAs are expressed in the cells and are also present in cell-derived extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Exosomes have been shown to act as mediators for cell to cell communication because of the regulatory functions of their content. High levels of exosomes are found in several body fluids from cancer patients and could be a potential source of non-invasive biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the diagnostic and prognostic utility of exosomal miRNAs in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.|Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.|Gene Expression and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Center for Research, CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valentino
authors.affiliation: Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.|Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reclusa
authors.affiliation: Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.|Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.|Department of Biotechnology, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sirera
authors.affiliation: Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.|Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giallombardo
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Department, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.|Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camps
authors.affiliation: Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium.|Molecular Pathology Unit, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pauwels
authors.affiliation: Gene Expression and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Center for Research, CNR, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crispi
authors.affiliation: Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium. christian.rolfo@uza.be.|Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium. christian.rolfo@uza.be.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-0267
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolfo
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D055354:Exosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D000073890:Liquid Biopsy; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D035683:MicroRNAs
keywords: Biomarker; Exosome; Liquid biopsies; MiRNAs; Prostate cancer