title: Mitochondria in teleost spermatozoa.
abstract: There is an extraordinary diversity of reproductive modes in teleost and this variability is related to the phylogenetic relationships and adaption to very different biotopes. As in all vertebrates, sperm is produced as the end product of the process of spermatogenesis, and regarding teleost the spermatozoa lack an acrosome in almost all species and motility is activated as a response to osmolarity and ion content of the aquatic medium where the sperm is released. In this context, mitochondria possess a fundamental role for fish spermatozoa motility and integrity, hence, fertilizing potential; they are the energy supplier that allows flagellar movement and their dysfunction could play a main role in structural and functional damage to the spermatozoa. The ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation provides not only energy for cell activities, which includes Na+/K+ATPase pump, endocytosis, protein synthesis and many other cell processes; but also produces reactive oxygen species, that under mitochondrial dysfunction causes oxidative stress. The assessment of mitochondrial function (e.g. through measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential) as well as ATP content (mostly supplied by mitochondrial respiration) can be useful as quality markers of fish spermatozoa. Also quantification of ROS and antioxidant status, strongly influenced by mitochondria, are used as complementary measurements. There is much information about sperm mitochondria and their function but studies of these aspects on fish reproduction are still required for applications in aquaculture. The real role of fish sperm mitochondria under short and long term storage and in vitro manipulation is not fully understood yet. Thus future research should focus on these matters.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Patricio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ulloa-Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; School of Aquaculture, Catholic University of Temuco, Faculty of Natural Resources, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Elías
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Figueroa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Rommy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lee-Estevez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Short
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Electronic address: jorge.farias@ufrontera.cl.
authors.forename: Jorge G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Farías
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005399:Fishes; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Bioenergetics; Mitochondrial function; Sperm quality; Teleost spermatozoa; Ultrastructure