title: Mixed effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on joint inflammation, bone loss and gastrointestinal inflammation in a murine model of collagen antibody-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on local and systemic inflammation and bone loss in collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of mice (n = 8 per group) were allocated; control, CAPE (1 mg/kg), CAIA and CAIA + CAPE (1 mg/kg). Local inflammation and bone loss were evaluated using clinical paw scores, in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological assessment and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX-1) were measured by ELISA. Jejunum and colon sections were evaluated histopathologically for damage and toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater paw scores and percentage change in paw volume were observed in CAIA + CAPE compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Bone volume over time remained unchanged (p = 0.94) and the number of multinucleated TRAP-positive cells was greatest in CAIA + CAPE mice (p < 0.05). CRP and CTX-1 levels did not differ between groups. CAIA + CAPE mice exhibited lower colon toxicity scores and a reduced percentage of cavitated goblet cells in the colon crypts compared with CAIA mice (p = 0.026 and p = 0.003, respectively). Histopathology in the jejunum was not altered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAPE did not reduce paw inflammation or bone loss in CAIA mice. CAPE reduced histopathological changes in the colon of CAIA mice.
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia. bonnie.williams@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-105X
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsangari
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Romany
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stansborough
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantley
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Anak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dharmapatni
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.|Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.affiliation: School of Computer Science, Engineering and Mathematics, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Egon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perilli
authors.affiliation: Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003094:Collagen / Q000633:toxicity; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D007596:Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011897:Random Allocation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002109:Caffeic Acids; D003094:Collagen; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Bone; CAIA; CAPE; Gastrointestinal tract; Inflammatory arthritis; Micro-CT