title: Fish intake and the risk of brain tumor: a meta-analysis with systematic review.
abstract: Fish, rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been found to be associated with lower risk of several types of cancer risk, and beneficial for brain development. However, the association between fish intake and brain tumor risk is still inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the association.
  
  
  
  Relevant studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE databases. The pooled relative risks were obtained by the fixed-effects model when no substantial heterogeneity was observed. Otherwise, the random-effects model was employed. Subgroup and publication bias analyses were also performed.
  
  
  
  Nine observational studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled relative risk of brain cancer for the highest vs. lowest category of fish intake was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70-0.99). No significant heterogeneity was detected. Dose-response analysis showed that the RR per 100 g/day increase in fish intake was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.98). The results remained unchanged in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
  
  
  
  The results of our meta-analysis suggest that fish intake might be associated with lower risk of brain cancer risk. The finding should be further confirmed by future cohort studies with validated questionnaires and strict control of confounders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science& Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China. lianweixh@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science& Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Renzhi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science& Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science& Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004032:Diet; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3
keywords: Brain tumor; Fish intake; Meta-analysis; Nutrition; Risk factors