title: Metoclopramide induced acute dystonic reaction: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metoclopramide is a commonly used anti-emetic drug known to cause extrapyramidal symptoms as adverse effects, amongst which are dystonic reactions. These reactions are more frequent at high doses of metoclopramide, in female patients, children and adults less than 30 years of age. We hereby present the case of a 16 year old female who had dystonic reactions from metoclopramide, highlighting its unpredictable nature and the shortcomings of the management in resource-limited settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 16 year old female Muslim from the Extreme North of Cameroon with no significant past history, was treated for severe malaria and associated refractory vomiting using intravenous quinine and metoclopramide respectively. She developed dystonic reactions after being administered her second dose of metoclopramide. The drug was discontinued and she was administered 8 mg of chlorpheniramine by mouth. Her symptoms resolved after 4 h. She was discharged 2 days later with no further complaints.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metoclopramide causes dystonic reactions which are often unpredictable and is frequently prescribed by health providers. This creates an environment of anxiety for the patient and the caregiver, and can result in life threatening consequences. Patients on metoclopramide should be monitored closely to detect these reactions early, and health facilities should be equipped to cope with the adverse effects before administration.
authors.affiliation: Sub-Divisional hospital Mayo Darley, Mayo Darley, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Frank-Leonel
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Tianyi
authors.affiliation: Ibal sub-Divisional hospital, Oku, North west region, Cameroon. nvagbor@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Valirie Ndip
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Agbor
authors.affiliation: Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.|Health and Human Development Research Group (2HD), Douala, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Tsi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Njim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D002163:Cameroon; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D065127:Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists; D008787:Metoclopramide
keywords: Chlorpheniramine; Dystonic reactions; Metoclopramide