title: Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase as a Noninvasive Marker for Periodontal Disease in Children with Uncontrolled Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether salivary alkaline phosphatase levels can be a non invasive marker for early inflammatory periodontal disease in children with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 healthy children (group 1), 10 children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus (group 2) and 10 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than 4 years (group 3) were recruited for the study. All three groups were matched for age, gender and socioeconomic status. Periodontal health was assessed by plaque index, gingival index and probing pocket depth. Metabolic status was assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin levels, salivary alkaline phosphatase levels were determined by spectrophotometer. Data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels correlated significantly with the periodontal parameters in the diabetic group. An increase in salivary alkaline phosphatase levels increased with increased values of gingival index and probing pocket depth. Group 3 showed greater correlation than group 2 and group 1. At p value p<0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glycemic status of the children affects the periodontal disease parameters. Salivary alkaline phosphatase levels could be a useful tool in analyzing periodontal status of children with uncontrolled type I diabetes mellitus.
authors.forename: Srirangarajan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sridharan
authors.forename: Paruchuri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sravani
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satyanarayan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiran
authors.forename: Varun
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shetty
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010514:Periodontal Pocket; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015415:Biomarkers; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human
keywords: alkaline phosphatase; periodontal disease; saliva; type 1 diabetes mellitus