title: Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor films through the nanoconfinement effect.
abstract: Soft and conformable wearable electronics require stretchable semiconductors, but existing ones typically sacrifice charge transport mobility to achieve stretchability. We explore a concept based on the nanoconfinement of polymers to substantially improve the stretchability of polymer semiconductors, without affecting charge transport mobility. The increased polymer chain dynamics under nanoconfinement significantly reduces the modulus of the conjugated polymer and largely delays the onset of crack formation under strain. As a result, our fabricated semiconducting film can be stretched up to 100% strain without affecting mobility, retaining values comparable to that of amorphous silicon. The fully stretchable transistors exhibit high biaxial stretchability with minimal change in on current even when poked with a sharp object. We demonstrate a skinlike finger-wearable driver for a light-emitting diode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Sihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Ging-Ji Nathan
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Chenxin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Shaochuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Lihua
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.|Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Shucheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Feig
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: John W F
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: To
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rondeau-Gagné
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Joonsuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Bob C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Chien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Hi
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinclair
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Dongshan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
authors.forename: Gi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffery B-H
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tok
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. zbao@stanford.edu jw0903.chung@samsung.com.|Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 443-803, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. zbao@stanford.edu jw0903.chung@samsung.com.
authors.forename: Zhenan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bao