title: Frequency of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis and related symptoms in a hand osteoarthritis cohort.
abstract: The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in hand OA patients is largely unknown. Our aims were to explore (1) The frequency of TMJ-related symptoms and clinical findings; (2) The TMJ OA frequency defined by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); and (3) The relationship between TMJ-related symptoms/clinical findings and CBCT-defined TMJ OA, in a hand OA cohort.
  
  
  
  We calculated the frequencies of TMJ-related symptoms, clinical findings and diagnosis of TMJ OA by CBCT and clinical examination in 54 patients from the Oslo hand OA cohort (88% women, mean (range) age 71 (61-83) years). Participants with and without CBCT-defined TMJ OA were compared for differences in proportions (95% confidence interval (CI)) of symptoms and clinical findings. Sensitivity and specificity of the clinical TMJ OA diagnosis were calculated using CBCT as reference.
  
  
  
  Self-reported symptoms and clinical findings were found in 24 (44%) and 50 (93%) individuals (93%), respectively, whereas 7 (13%) had sought healthcare. Individuals with CBCT-defined TMJ OA (n = 36, 67%) reported statistically significantly more pain at mouth opening (22%, 95% CI 4-40%), clicking (33%, 95% CI 14-52%) and crepitus (25%, 95% CI 4-46%). By clinical examination, only crepitus was more common in TMJ OA (33%, 95% CI 29-77%). Clinical diagnosis demonstrated low sensitivity (0.42) and high specificity (0.93).
  
  
  
  CBCT-defined TMJ OA was common in hand OA patients, suggesting that TMJ OA may be part of generalized OA. Few had sought healthcare, despite high burden of TMJ-related symptoms/findings. Clinical examination underestimated TMJ OA frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: aka@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: m.k.ottersen@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: l.z.arvidsson@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: L Z
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Arvidsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: t.k.kvien@medisin.uio.no.
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kvien
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: t.a.larheim@odont.uio.no.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Larheim
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: ida.k.haugen@gmail.com.
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D050823:Hand Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Clinical characteristics; Diagnosis of OA; Generalized OA; Imaging; Osteoarthritis; Temporomanidbular joint