title: Effect of Nanoparticles on the Survival and Development of Vitrified Porcine GV Oocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND: Some mammalian oocytes have been successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. However, the survival and developmental rate of vitrified oocytes is still low. The incorporation of nanoparticles into cryoprotectant (CPA) may improve the efficiency of vitrification by changing the properties of solutions.
  
  
  
  The toxicity of different concentrations of hydroxy apatite (HA), silica dioxide (SO2), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (20 nm in diameter) to oocytes was tested and the toxicity threshold value of each nanoparticle was determined. Porcine GV oocytes were vitrified in optimized nano-CPA, and effects of diameter and concentration of nanoparticles on the survival rate and developmental rate of porcine GV oocytes were compared.
  
  
  
  HA nanoparticles have demonstrated the least toxicity among four nanoparticles and the developmental rate of GV-stage porcine oocytes was 100% when its concentration was lower than 0.5%. By adding 0.1% HA into VS, the developmental rate of GV-stage porcine oocytes (22%) was significantly higher than other groups. The effect of vitrification in nano-CPA on oocytes was related to the concentration of HA nanoparticles rather than their size. By adding 0.05% HA nanoparticles (60nm in diameter), the developmental rate increased dramatically from 14.7% to 30.4%.
  
  
  
  Nano-cryopreservation offers a new way to improve the effect of survival and development of oocytes, but the limitation of this technology shall not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. zjulily@163.com.
authors.forename: X L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Animal and Veterinary Research Institute, SAAS, the Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D053758:Nanoparticles; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D058989:Vitrification
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents