title: CONSTRUCT AND FACE VALIDITY OF THE EYESI INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPE SIMULATOR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate construct and face validity of the Eyesi Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance of 25 medical students (Group A) was compared with that of 17 ophthalmology and optometry trainees (Group B) on the Eyesi Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator. During the course of a single session, each participant viewed an orientation module followed by an instruction session and a demonstration case, and performed 6 cases of progressively increasing difficulty (4 levels) and a 10-question face validity questionnaire. Outcomes included total score, total examination time, percent retina examined, and duration of eye exposure to light.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group B achieved significantly better total scores than Group A on all difficulty levels (P = 0.02, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.0001, for Levels 1-4, respectively) and had a significantly faster mean duration of examination (8 minutes 58 seconds vs. 5 minutes 21 seconds, P < 0.0001). Medical students reported higher scores in the face validity questionnaire for the simulator experience being helpful at orienting them to true indirect ophthalmology, and that further training on the simulator would improve their skills in the clinic (P = 0.03 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Eyesi Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscope Simulator has significant construct and face validity and shows promise for medical education.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Ophthalmology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts; †Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and ‡Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Tova
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosowsky
authors.forename: Abhishek R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Payal
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Gonzalez
authors.forename: Mary K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Daly
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000193:education*; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013337:Students, Medical; D014584:User-Computer Interface