title: Transthyretin: A Transporter Protein Essential for Proliferation of Myoblast in the Myogenic Program.
abstract: Irregularities in the cellular uptake of thyroid hormones significantly affect muscle development and regeneration. Herein, we report indispensable role of transthyretin (TTR) in maintaining cellular thyroxine level. TTR was found to enhance recruitment of muscle satellite cells to the site of injury, thereby regulating muscle regeneration. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and immunofluorescence analysis of TTRwt (TTR wild type) and TTRkd (TTR knock-down) cells revealed that TTR controlled cell cycle progression by affecting the expression of Cyclin A2. Deiodinase 2 (D2) mediated increases in triiodothyronine levels were found to regulate the expression of myogenic marker, myogenin (MYOG). Moreover, use of a coumarin derivative (CD) revealed a significant reduction in cellular thyroxine, thereby indicating that TTR play a role in the transport of thyroxine. Taken together, these findings suggest that TTR mediated transport of thyroxine represents a survival mechanism necessary for the myogenic program. The results of this study will be highly useful to the strategic development of novel therapeutics to combat muscular dystrophies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. gorapadoc0315@hanmail.net.
authors.forename: Eun Ju
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. smriteep@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Smritee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. atasleem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Arif Tasleem
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. gjthdus0107@naver.com.
authors.forename: Soyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. galoperichelle@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Richelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galope
authors.affiliation: Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 770-200, Korea. lim2249@kitech.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jeong Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Technology Convergence R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeongcheon 770-200, Korea. cowboyle@kitech.re.kr.
authors.forename: Dong-Mok
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejon 305-764, Korea. swchoi2010@cnu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea. ssnahm@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sang-Soep
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nahm
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 42415, Korea. ywkim@yumail.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yong-Woon
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 42415, Korea. sypark@med.yu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea. inhochoi@ynu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Inho
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003374:Coumarins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free / Q000494:pharmacology; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000187:drug effects; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003374:Coumarins; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D011228:Prealbumin; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine
keywords: differentiation; myoblast; proliferation; transthyretin