title: Head-Mounted Display Technology for Low-Vision Rehabilitation and Vision Enhancement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the various types of head-mounted display technology, their optical and human-factors considerations, and their potential for use in low-vision rehabilitation and vision enhancement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expert perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  An overview of head-mounted display technology by an interdisciplinary team of experts drawing on key literature in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Head-mounted display technologies can be classified based on their display type and optical design. See-through displays such as retinal projection devices have the greatest potential for use as low-vision aids. Devices vary by their relationship to the user's eyes, field of view, illumination, resolution, color, stereopsis, effect on head motion, and user interface. These optical and human-factors considerations are important when selecting head-mounted displays for specific applications and patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Head-mounted display technologies may offer advantages over conventional low-vision aids. Future research should compare head-mounted displays with commonly prescribed low-vision aids to compare their effectiveness in addressing the impairments and rehabilitation goals of diverse patient populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Joshua R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ehrlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Lauro V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Ojeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wicker
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Day
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howson
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Vasudevan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lakshminarayanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: smoroi@med.umich.edu.
authors.forename: Sayoko E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Moroi
mesh_terms: D003626:Data Display; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005139:Eyeglasses; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*