title: Amateur and Recreational Athletes Return to Sport at a High Rate Following Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the return-to-play rates, patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores, and satisfaction between high-level amateur athletes and recreational athletes and to evaluate for differences in ability to return to sport in these groups based on patient-related and sport-related characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical data were retrieved for 66 (26 male/40 female) consecutive athletes undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement. Athletes were classified as high-level amateur or recreational. Athletes were also divided into 6 distinct sporting categories based on the physical demands on the hip. Preoperative and 2-year PROs including a sport-specific questionnaire, modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), and Hip Outcome Scores with Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) and Sports-Specific (HOS-SS) subscales were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 66 patients, 49 were recreational and 17 were high-level amateur athletes (10 high school and 7 collegiate). High-level athletes were significantly younger than recreational athletes (18.4 ± 2.3 years vs 29.7 ± 6.8 years; P < .001). After 2 years, all PROs had improved significantly, with no differences between the 2 athletic groups. There was a high overall rate of return for both recreational and high-level amateur athletes (94% vs 88%; P = .60). Increasing preoperative withdrawal time from sport prior to surgery was associated with decreased HOS-SS (r = 0.33; P = .04) and MHHS scores (r = 0.02; P = .02). Overall, athletes who had withdrawn from sport for greater than 8 months before surgery returned to sport significantly more slowly (P = .01). Increasing body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower improvements in HOS (r = 0.26; P = .04) and MHHS scores (r = 0.38; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recreational athletes, despite being significantly older than their high-level counterparts, return to play at a similar high rate and with comparable PROs. Increasing preoperative cessation time from sport significantly prolongs return to sport. Additionally, increasing preoperative cessation from sport and higher preoperative BMI were associated with decreased improvements in PROs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level III, retrospective comparative study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, USC Keck Medical School, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.. Electronic address: weber.ae@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Alexander E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kuhns
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Greg L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cvetanovich
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Grzybowski
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Salata
authors.affiliation: Hip Preservation Center, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush Medical College of Rush University, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Shane J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Nho
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001182:Arthroscopy; D056352:Athletes; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D057925:Femoracetabular Impingement / Q000601:surgery*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000068958:Return to Sport; D055815:Young Adult