title: Long-term effectiveness of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine 22-28 years after immunization in a hepatitis B virus endemic rural area: is an adult booster dose needed?
abstract: Longan County is considered a highly endemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV). The plasma-derived vaccine has been used in newborns in this area since 1987. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this vaccine. In total, 1634 participants born during 1987-1993 and who had received a series of plasma-derived HB vaccinations at ages 0, 1, and 6 months were enrolled. Serological HBV markers were detected and compared with previous survey data. Overall the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in all participants was 3·79%; 3·47% of subjects who had received the first dose within 24 h were HBsAg positive, and 8·41% of subjects who had received a delayed first dose were also HBsAg positive. There were 1527 subjects identified who had received the first dose within 24 h and whose HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence increased yearly after immunization, while the anti-HBs-positive rate and vaccine effectiveness declined. The geometric mean concentration of antibody in the anti-HB-positive participants was 55·13 mIU/ml and this declined after immunization. Fewer than 2·0% of participants had anti-HB levels ⩾1000 mIU/ml. The data show that the protective efficacy of the plasma-derived vaccinations declined and administration of HB vaccine within 24 h of birth was very important. To reduce the risk of HBV infection in this highly endemic area, a booster dose might be necessary if anti-HBs levels fall below 10 mIU/ml after age 18 years. Furthermore, studies on the immune memory induced by plasma-derived HB vaccine are needed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: Q Y
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: Z L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for the Control and Prevention of Viral Hepatitis,Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,China.
authors.forename: Q L
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: National Immunization Program,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: F Z
authors.initials: FZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bi
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing,China.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010949:Plasma / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D012424:Rural Population; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines
keywords: Hepatitis B virus; long-term effectiveness; plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine; primary immunization