title: Trade-offs between driving nodes and time-to-control in complex networks.
abstract: Recent advances in control theory provide us with efficient tools to determine the minimum number of driving (or driven) nodes to steer a complex network towards a desired state. Furthermore, we often need to do it within a given time window, so it is of practical importance to understand the trade-offs between the minimum number of driving/driven nodes and the minimum time required to reach a desired state. Therefore, we introduce the notion of actuation spectrum to capture such trade-offs, which we used to find that in many complex networks only a small fraction of driving (or driven) nodes is required to steer the network to a desired state within a relatively small time window. Furthermore, our empirical studies reveal that, even though synthetic network models are designed to present structural properties similar to those observed in real networks, their actuation spectra can be dramatically different. Thus, it supports the need to develop new synthetic network models able to replicate controllability properties of real-world networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Sérgio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pequito
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Preciado
authors.affiliation: Center for Complex Network Research and Departments of Physics, Computer Science and Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.|Department of Medicine, Brighamand Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Albert-László
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Barabási
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Pappas