title: Father Participation in Child Psychopathology Research.
abstract: The purpose of the current study was two-fold: (1) To examine time trends of the inclusion of fathers in child psychopathology research from 2005 to 2015; and (2) to examine online crowdsourcing as a method to recruit and study fathers. In study 1, findings indicated that, relative to two earlier reviews of father participation from 1984 to 1991 and 1992-2004, there has been limited progress in the inclusion of fathers in child psychopathology research over the last decade. In study 2, without explicit efforts to recruit fathers, almost 40% of a sample of 564 parents recruited from online crowdsourcing (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) were fathers. Major demographic differences did not emerge between mother and father participants and data were equally reliable for mothers and fathers. Fathers were more likely to drop out over the course of a 12-month follow-up but these differences in retention between mothers and fathers were non-significant if fathers were retained at a 2-week follow-up. Finally, family process models tested across four assessments (baseline, 4, 8, and 12 month follow-ups) indicated that data from fathers are equally supportive of convergent validity as data from mothers. We concluded that online crowdsourcing is a promising recruitment methodology to increase father participation in child psychopathology research.
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. justin_parent@brown.edu.|Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. justin_parent@brown.edu.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Forehand
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pomerantz
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peisch
authors.affiliation: Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seehuus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D063045:Crowdsourcing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005220:Fathers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016487:Parenting; D018579:Patient Selection; D011599:Psychopathology / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards
keywords: Child psychopathology; Fathers; Online crowdsourcing; Research methodology