title: The effect of alcohol consumption on maternal and cord blood electrolyte and trace element levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier studies demonstrated that alcoholism significantly alters electrolyte and trace element homeostasis. However, the existing data on the interplay between maternal alcohol consumption and fetal trace element status are contradictory. Therefore, the primary objective of the present study was to assess the influence of alcohol consumption on maternal and cord blood trace elements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 pregnant women (15 women consuming alcohol and 15 controls) were examined. Assessment of electrolyte and trace elements concentration in maternal (1 and 3 trimesters) and umbilical cord blood was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first trimester of pregnancy alcohol consumption is associated with increased whole blood Ca and Na levels. In the third trimester of pregnancy, women consuming alcohol are characterized by significantly increased Co levels. Conversely, the level of Co and Mn in the cord blood of offspring maternally exposed to ethanol is decreased. A significant correlation between first trimester blood and cord blood concentrations of K was revealed both in control women and those consuming alcohol. In the third trimester of pregnancy in the control women, a significant correlation with cord blood was detected for Fe, Mg, P, and Pb. Oppositely, in the third trimester in women consuming alcohol we detected a close association between maternal whole blood and cord blood levels for Ca, Cd, and Pb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained demonstrate that maternal alcohol consumption results in fetal Co and Mn deficiency.
authors.affiliation: P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia.|All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow,Russia.|Orenburg State University, Russia.|RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Anatoly V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Skalny
authors.affiliation: P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia.|RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Berezkina
authors.affiliation: Orenburg State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Kiyaeva
authors.affiliation: Orenburg State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Inara E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Alidzhanova
authors.affiliation: P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Grabeklis
authors.affiliation: P. G. Demidov Yaroslavl State University, Russia.|Orenburg State University, Russia.|RUDN University, Moscow, Russia.|Orenburg State Medical University, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tinkov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003035:Cobalt / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D014131:Trace Elements; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003035:Cobalt; D008345:Manganese; D012964:Sodium; D007501:Iron; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: alcohol; cobalt; fetal alcohol syndrome; manganese; pregnancy