title: Increased Serum Interleukin-10 but not Interleukin-4 Level in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia.
abstract: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, and it has been associated with wheezing. The aim of this study was to examine the serum level of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and to analyse them in relation to the presence of wheezing.
  
  
  
  The study included 166 children with radiologically confirmed pneumonia. MP infection was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum MP-IgM and MP-IgG test and throat swab MP DNA with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were measured using ELISA.
  
  
  
  There was no significant difference in serum level of IL-4 between children with MPP and those with non-MPP. Among children with MPP, we found similar level of IL-4 regardless of the personal and family history of allergy and asthma or the presence of wheezing. A significantly higher level of IL-10 was found in children with MPP than in children with non-MPP (32.92±18.582 vs. 27.01±14.100 pg/ml, p =0.022). Furthermore, wheezing children with MPP had a significantly higher level of IL-10 than children with MPP without wheezing (43.75±26.644 vs. 27.50±10.211 pg/ml, p=0.027).
  
  
  
  Our results show significantly increased serum level of IL-10 in children with MPP, which was significantly higher in children with wheezing. These findings may suggest a role of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of MPP and in the occurrence of wheezing during acute MP infection.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.|Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Medjo
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.|Department of Pulmonology and Allergology, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atanaskovic-Markovic
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.|Department of Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Dimitrije
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nikolic
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital for Respiratory Diseases and TB, Clinical Health Center 'Dr Dragisa Misovic-Dedinje', Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lazarevic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cirkovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Slobodanka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Djukic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4
keywords: Mycoplasma pneumoniae; child; interleukin-10; interleukin-4; pneumonia; wheezing