title: Analysis of acetabular orientation and femoral anteversion using images of three-dimensional reconstructed bone models.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Radiographic measurements using two-dimensional (2D) plain radiographs or planes from computed tomography (CT) scans have several drawbacks, while measurements using images of three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed bone models can provide more consistent anthropometric information. We compared the consistency of results using measurements based on images of 3D reconstructed bone models (3D measurements) with those using planes from CT scans (measurements using 2D slice images).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six of 561 patients who had undergone deep vein thrombosis-CT between January 2013 and November 2014 were randomly selected. We evaluated measurements using 2D slice images and 3D measurements. The images used for 3D reconstruction of bone models were obtained and measured using [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (Materialize, Leuven, Belgium).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean acetabular inclination, acetabular anteversion and femoral anteversion values on 2D slice images were 42.01[Formula: see text], 18.64[Formula: see text] and 14.44[Formula: see text], respectively, while those using images of 3D reconstructed bone models were 52.80[Formula: see text], 14.98[Formula: see text] and 17.26[Formula: see text]. Intra-rater reliabilities for acetabular inclination, acetabular anteversion, and femoral anteversion on 2D slice images were 0.55, 0.81, and 0.85, respectively, while those for 3D measurements were 0.98, 0.99, and 0.98. Inter-rater reliabilities for acetabular inclination, acetabular anteversion and femoral anteversion on 2D slice images were 0.48, 0.86, and 0.84, respectively, while those for 3D measurements were 0.97, 0.99, and 0.97.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences between the two measurements are explained by the use of different tools. However, more consistent measurements were possible using the images of 3D reconstructed bone models. Therefore, 3D measurement can be a good alternative to measurement using 2D slice images.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jaeyeong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. dr.junyoung@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jun-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Deok
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young Cheol
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minkyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Je
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changwon Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Uk
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Il Hyung
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Shin-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000077:Acetabulum / Q000601:surgery; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000072458:Orientation, Spatial; D011859:Radiography; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: 3D measurements; Acetabular orientation; Femoral anteversion; Images of 3D reconstructed bone models; Measurements using 2D slice images