title: Pituitary carcinoid coexisting with systemic lupus erythematosus: A rare combination.
abstract: Gastrointestinal carcinoids have occasionally been reported in patients with autoimmune diseases. We report a middle-aged woman who presented with episodic hypertension and a skin rash. Initial evaluation led to the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus for which the patient was treated. Further investigations revealed the presence of a carcinoid tumour in the pituitary. Although gastrointestinal carcinoids associated with autoimmune diseases have been seen occasionally, to our knowledge, extragastric carcinoid coexisting with an auto- immune disorder has never been reported before. A better understanding of how inflammation induces cytological changes leading to development of a carcinoid from a cellular and molecular perspective could provide potential therapeutic strategies for preventing these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Anupam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhambhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Jyotsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiodiagnosis, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Whitefield, Bengaluru 560066, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Ravikanti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms; D014581:Urticaria