title: The Prevalence and Correlates of HIV and Undiagnosed Infection among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Findings from a Cross-sectional, Biobehavioral Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population for HIV infection in Vietnam, and the use of amphetamine type substances (ATS) is prevalent and possibly increasing in this population. The reported analysis examines the association between ATS use before or during sex and HIV infection among MSM in Hanoi, Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study of 210 MSM was conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam, in late 2014. Men tested for HIV and answered questions about demographic characteristics, sexual sensation seeking, depression, belief in HIV prevention strategies, homosexuality-related stigma and discrimination, recent accessing of HIV prevention services, sexual behaviors and ATS, and other drug use behaviors. We performed logistic regression to assess correlates of HIV infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV prevalence was 6.7% (14/210), and 85.7% (12/14) of HIV-positive men were not aware of their HIV status. Of the 210 participants, 10.5, 2.9, and 3.8% of men had used methamphetamine, amphetamine, and ecstasy before or during sex in the last 3 months. In multivariable analysis, HIV infection was associated with recent sex-related methamphetamine use [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 5.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35-18.68], engaging in recent sex work (AOR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.07-11.75), and homosexuality-related perceived stigma (AOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 0.98-5.47).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings underscore the importance of integrating methamphetamine use interventions into HIV prevention services and scaling-up of gay-friendly, non-stigmatizing HIV testing services for MSM in Hanoi. We recommend the routine assessment of ATS use and undiagnosed infection in this population.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Nga Thi Thu
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Vietnam Administration for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Huong Thi Thu
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.affiliation: Hanoi Centre of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Lan Thi
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: La
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Health Promotion , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Gioi Minh
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Health Promotion , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tung Thanh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Wit
keywords: HIV prevalence; Hanoi—Vietnam; amphetamine type stimulants; men who have sex with men; undiagnosed HIV