title: Life-threatening motor vehicle crashes in bright sunlight.
abstract: Bright sunlight may create visual illusions that lead to driver error, including fallible distance judgment from aerial perspective. We tested whether the risk of a life-threatening motor vehicle crash was increased when driving in bright sunlight.This longitudinal, case-only, paired-comparison analysis evaluated patients hospitalized because of a motor vehicle crash between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014. The relative risk of a crash associated with bright sunlight was estimated by evaluating the prevailing weather at the time and place of the crash compared with the weather at the same hour and location on control days a week earlier and a week later.The majority of patients (n = 6962) were injured during daylight hours and bright sunlight was the most common weather condition at the time and place of the crash. The risk of a life-threatening crash was 16% higher during bright sunlight than normal weather (95% confidence interval: 9-24, P < 0.001). The increased risk was accentuated in the early afternoon, disappeared at night, extended to patients with different characteristics, involved crashes with diverse features, not apparent with cloudy weather, and contributed to about 5000 additional patient-days in hospital. The increased risk extended to patients with high crash severity as indicated by ambulance involvement, surgical procedures, length of hospital stay, intensive care unit admission, and patient mortality. The increased risk was not easily attributed to differences in alcohol consumption, driving distances, or anomalies of adverse weather.Bright sunlight is associated with an increased risk of a life-threatening motor vehicle crash. An awareness of this risk might inform driver education, trauma staffing, and safety warnings to prevent a life-threatening motor vehicle crash.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiologic Study, level III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Evaluative Clinical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute Institute of Clinical Evaluative Sciences (ICES) Institute for Health Policy Management and Evaluation Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Redelmeier
authors.forename: Sheharyar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raza
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001334:Automobile Driving; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D016138:Walking; D014887:Weather; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D055815:Young Adult