title: Effect of Resin Ducts and Sap Content on Infestation and Development of Immature Stages of Anastrepha obliqua and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Four Mango (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) Cultivars.
abstract: We determined the influence of resin ducts, sap content, and fruit physicochemical features of four mango cultivars (Criollo, Manila, Ataulfo, and Tommy Atkins) on their susceptibility to the attack of the two most pestiferous fruit fly species infesting mangoes in Mexico: Anastrepha ludens (Loew) and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart). We performed three studies: 1) analysis of resin ducts in mango fruit exocarp to determine the density and area occupied by resin ducts in each mango cultivar, 2) assessment of mango physicochemical features including fruit sap content, and 3) a forced infestation trial under field conditions using enclosed fruit-bearing branches to expose mangoes to gravid A. ludens or A. obliqua females. Infestation rates, development time from egg to prepupae and pupae, pupal weight, and percent of adult emergence, were assessed. 'Ataulfo' and 'Tommy Atkins' cultivars exhibited the highest resin duct density and sap content, the lowest infestation rate, and had a negative effect on immature development and pupal weight. In sharp contrast, 'Manila' and 'Criollo' cultivars, with the lowest resin duct density and sap content, were highly susceptible to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack. We conclude that sap content and the number, size, and distribution of resin ducts as well as firmness in mango fruit exocarp are all involved in the resistance of mango to A. ludens and A. obliqua attack.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Amapá, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, km 5, N. 2600, 68903-419 Macapá, Amapá, Brasil (ricardo.adaime@embrapa.br).
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adaime
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birke
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Olinda
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Velázquez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angeles
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Eliel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruíz
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología, A.C, Carretera antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Colonia El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México 91070 (larissa.guillen@inecol.mx; andrea.birke@inecol.mx; olinda.velazquez@inecol.mx; guillermo.angeles@inecol.mx; fernando.ortega@inecol.mx; eliel.ruiz@inecol.mx; martin.aluja@inecol.mx).
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aluja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry; D060434:Herbivory; D031022:Mangifera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D010058:Oviposition; D013045:Species Specificity; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Tephritidae; constitutive defense ; fruit fly; host status; plant resistance