title: The influence of sodium on pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and is an important cause of disability in young adults. In genetically susceptible individuals, several environmental factors may play a partial role in the pathogenesis of MS. Some studies suggests that high-salt diet (>5 g/day) may contribute to the MS and other autoimmune disease development through the induction of pathogenic Th17 cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines in both humans and mice. However, the precise mechanisms of pro-inflammatory effect of sodium chloride intake are not yet explained. The purpose of this review was to discuss the present state of knowledge on the potential role of environmental and dietary factors, particularly sodium chloride on the development and course of MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zostawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland. jowitkaa@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jowita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adamczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Medical University of Silesia, ul. C. Skłodowskiej 10, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Paweł
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamczyk-Sowa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000276:immunology*; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012965:Sodium Chloride
keywords: Environmental factors in MS; Multiple sclerosis; Sodium chloride intake; VGSCs