title: The Essential Oils ofRhaponticum carthamoidesHairy Roots and Roots of Soil-Grown Plants: Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Activities.
abstract: The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation from the hairy roots (HR) and roots of soil-grown plants (SGR) ofRhaponticum carthamoidesand were analyzed by GC-MS method. In the both essential oils 62 compounds were identified. The root essential oils showed the differences in the qualitative and quantitative composition. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (55-62%) dominated in both essential oils. The major compounds of HR essential oil were cyperene, 13-norcypera-1(5),11(12)-diene, and cadalene while aplotaxene, nardosina-1(10),11-diene, and dauca-4(11),8-diene dominated in SGR essential oil. Both essential oils showed antibacterial activity especially againstEnterococcus faecalis(ATCC 29212) andPseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27853) (MIC value = 125µg/mL). HR and SGR essential oils also decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-αand the ROS level in LPS-treatment astrocytes. This is the first report to describe the chemical composition ofR. carthamoidesessential oil from hairy roots, its protective effect against LPS-induced inflammation and ROS production in astrocytes, and its antimicrobial potential. The results show thatR. carthamoideshairy roots may be a valuable source of the essential oil and may be an alternative to the roots of soil-grown plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1139-6840
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Skała
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rijo
authors.affiliation: Center for Research in Biosciences & Health Technologies (CBIOS), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5495-3550
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sitarek
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Food Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalemba
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toma
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szemraj
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, HCC-709, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pytel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Halina
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5182-6991
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wysokińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Śliwiński
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D043843:Leuzea / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha