title: Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Chemosensor for Selective Determination of an N-Nitroso-l-proline Food Toxin.
abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-based chemosensor for the selective determination of a chosen toxin, N-nitroso-l-proline (Pro-NO), was devised and fabricated. By means of DFT, the structure of the pre-polymerization (functional monomer)-template complex was modeled. This complex was then potentiodynamically electropolymerized in the presence of cross-linking monomer to form a MIP-Pro-NO thin film. Next, the Pro-NO template was extracted from MIP-Pro-NO with 0.1 m NaOH. Piezoelectric microgravimetry (PM) on an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical (differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) techniques were used to transduce binding of Pro-NO to molecular cavities of the MIP-Pro-NO. With DPV and EIS chemosensing, the limits of detection (LODs) were about 80.9 and 36.9 nM Pro-NO, respectively; and the selectivity coefficients for urea, glucose, creatinine, and adrenalin interferences were 6.6, 13.2, 2.1, and 2.0, respectively, with DPV as well as 2.3, 2.0, 3.3, and 2.5, respectively, with EIS. With PM under flow injection analysis conditions, the LOD was 10 μm Pro-NO. The MIP-Pro-NO chemosensor detectability and selectivity with respect to interferences were sufficiently high to determine Pro-NO in protein-providing food products.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Patrycja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lach
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piyush Sindhu
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Golebiewska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cieplak
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.|Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-815, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Wlodzimierz
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3586-5170
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kutner
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000737:chemistry; D058266:Dielectric Spectroscopy; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000737:chemistry; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D054802:Molecular Imprinting / Q000379:methods*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D058525:Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques
chemical_list: D005295:Ferrocyanides; D009602:Nitrosamines; D011108:Polymers; D003404:Creatinine; C010259:nitrosoproline; C020354:hexacyanoferrate II; D005947:Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine
keywords: analytical methods; chemical sensors; food toxins; imprinted; polymers