title: Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Facial Scan for Facial Deformities in Clinics: A New Evaluation Method for Facial Scanner Accuracy.
abstract: In this study, the practical accuracy (PA) of optical facial scanners for facial deformity patients in oral clinic was evaluated. Ten patients with a variety of facial deformities from oral clinical were included in the study. For each patient, a three-dimensional (3D) face model was acquired, via a high-accuracy industrial "line-laser" scanner (Faro), as the reference model and two test models were obtained, via a "stereophotography" (3dMD) and a "structured light" facial scanner (FaceScan) separately. Registration based on the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm was executed to overlap the test models to reference models, and "3D error" as a new measurement indicator calculated by reverse engineering software (Geomagic Studio) was used to evaluate the 3D global and partial (upper, middle, and lower parts of face) PA of each facial scanner. The respective 3D accuracy of stereophotography and structured light facial scanners obtained for facial deformities was 0.58±0.11 mm and 0.57±0.07 mm. The 3D accuracy of different facial partitions was inconsistent; the middle face had the best performance. Although the PA of two facial scanners was lower than their nominal accuracy (NA), they all met the requirement for oral clinic use.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yi-Jiao
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry, Ministry of Health, Beijing, PR China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.|Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D063169:Dentofacial Deformities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006257:Head / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000592:standards*; D012984:Software