title: Health risk appraisals in Swedish occupational health services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health risk appraisals (HRAs) in occupational health services (OHS) in Sweden are very commonly used for health promotion issues, but not much research has explored the extent and nature of individual feedback that is provided.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to describe and explore HRAs in OHS regarding the content of the feedback in relation to the individual status and overall employee satisfaction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Feedback (evaluation and advice) and employee satisfaction with HRA were studied in employees that participated in health risk appraisals with a specific feedback session (HRA-F) (n = 272) and employees that participated in a single session (HRA-S) (n = 104). Associations between feedback and individual status concerning life style were assessed with Cohen's kappa (k).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The employees received mainly information and advice for improvement on health and lifestyle issues (89-100%), while advice for improvement of working conditions was less common (15-59%). The feedback provided on life style was not based on individual status (k < 0.4), except for smoking and risky alcohol consumption (k > 0.55). A great majority of employees reported good overall satisfaction with their HRAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation and feedback given to employees after HRAs should be based more on HRA-results and advice could be focused more on work-related factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physical Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Grooten
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physical Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|CAMM, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsman
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|CAMM, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kjellberg
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|CAMM, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Sweden.
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toomingas
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physical Therapy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.|Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ång
authors.initials: Å
authors.lastname: Björn Olov
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svartengren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden
keywords: Health examinations; occupational health; occupational medicine; public health