title: Optimized temporal pattern of brain stimulation designed by computational evolution.
abstract: Brain stimulation is a promising therapy for several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Stimulation parameters are selected empirically and are limited to the frequency and intensity of stimulation. We varied the temporal pattern of deep brain stimulation to ameliorate symptoms in a parkinsonian animal model and in humans with Parkinson's disease. We used model-based computational evolution to optimize the stimulation pattern. The optimized pattern produced symptom relief comparable to that from standard high-frequency stimulation (a constant rate of 130 or 185 Hz) and outperformed frequency-matched standard stimulation in a parkinsonian rat model and in patients. Both optimized and standard high-frequency stimulation suppressed abnormal oscillatory activity in the basal ganglia of rats and humans. The results illustrate the utility of model-based computational evolution of temporal patterns to increase the efficiency of brain stimulation in treating Parkinson's disease and thereby reduce the energy required for successful treatment below that of current brain stimulation paradigms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Brocker
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: Rosa Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: So
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.|Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.|Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. warren.grill@duke.edu.|Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Warren M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Grill
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000737:chemistry; D009991:Oscillometry; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D008694:Methamphetamine