title: Role of REM Sleep, Melanin Concentrating Hormone and Orexin/Hypocretin Systems in the Sleep Deprivation Pre-Ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sleep reduction after stroke is linked to poor recovery in patients. Conversely, a neuroprotective effect is observed in animals subjected to acute sleep deprivation (SD) before ischemia. This neuroprotection is associated with an increase of the sleep, melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and orexin/hypocretin (OX) systems. This study aims to 1) assess the relationship between sleep and recovery; 2) test the association between MCH and OX systems with the pathological mechanisms of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four experimental groups: (i) SD_IS: SD performed before ischemia; (ii) IS: ischemia; (iii) SD_Sham: SD performed before sham surgery; (iv) Sham: sham surgery. EEG and EMG were recorded. The time-course of the MCH and OX gene expression was measured at 4, 12, 24 hours and 3, 4, 7 days following ischemic surgery by qRT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduction of infarct volume was observed in the SD_IS group, which correlated with an increase of REM sleep observed during the acute phase of stroke. Conversely, the IS group showed a reduction of REM sleep. Furthermore, ischemia induces an increase of MCH and OX systems during the acute phase of stroke, although, both systems were still increased for a long period of time only in the SD_IS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicates that REM sleep may be involved in the neuroprotective effect of SD pre-ischemia, and that both MCH and OX systems were increased during the acute phase of stroke. Future studies should assess the role of REM sleep as a prognostic marker, and test MCH and OXA agonists as new treatment options in the acute phase of stroke.
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.|Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Italian Institute of Technology (IIT), Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adamantidis
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Facchin
authors.affiliation: Center for Experimental Neurology (ZEN), Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.|Sleep-Wake-Epilepsy-Center, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Cognitive and Restorative Neurology, Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bassetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D015870:Gene Expression; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000068797:Orexins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012892:Sleep Deprivation; D012895:Sleep, REM; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D008543:Melanins; D000068797:Orexins; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; C019463:melanin-concentrating hormone