title: The 12-month prevalence of depression and health care utilization in the general population of Latvia.
abstract: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the 12-month prevalence of major and minor depression in the Latvian population, and to evaluate associated health care utilization.
  
  
  
  Trained interviewers conducted face-to-face interviews with a multistage stratified probability sample of the Latvian general population, ages 15-64 (n=3003). Participants were interviewed using the depression module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Self-reported health care utilization and somatic illness were also assessed. Multinomial logistic regressions were applied.
  
  
  
  The 12-month prevalence of major depression was 7.9% (95%CI 7.0-8.9), while for minor depression it was 7.7% (95%CI 6.8-8.7). We did not find a substantial difference in the relative risk ratio (RRR 1.7 for female) for having major depression by gender. RRR of having major depression was higher for those who had used healthcare services six or more times (RRR 2.0), those who had three or more somatic disorders during the past 12 months (RRR 2.3), those who perceived their health status as being below average (RRR 8.3), and those who were occasional smokers (RRR 3.0). RRR of having minor depression was increased for those who had at least three somatic disorders (RRR 2.3), those who received disability pension (RRR 1.9), and those who perceived their health status to be below average (RRR 3.0).
  
  
  
  The study was cross-sectional. Other psychiatric comorbidity was not assessed.
  
  
  
  This is the first population based study reporting the 12-month prevalence of depression in Latvia. Certain factors associated with depression have been found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Tvaika street 2, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: vrublevskaja@inbox.lv.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vrublevska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, Kalpaka bulv. 4, Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: marcis@petijums.lv.
authors.forename: Marcis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trapencieris
authors.affiliation: Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, Kalpaka bulv. 4, Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: sigita@petijums.lv.
authors.forename: Sigita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snikere
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Department of Research, Statistics and Health Promotion, Latvia.
authors.forename: Daiga
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grinberga
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Department of Research, Statistics and Health Promotion, Latvia.
authors.forename: Biruta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Velika
authors.affiliation: Centre for Disease Prevention and Control of Latvia, Department of Research, Statistics and Health Promotion, Latvia.
authors.forename: Iveta
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pudule
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Narcology, Riga Stradins University, Tvaika street 2, LV-1005 Riga, Latvia. Electronic address: erancans@latnet.lv.
authors.forename: Elmars
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rancans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D012494:Sampling Studies; D057566:Self Report; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Epidemiology; General population; Prevalence