title: FES in Europe and Beyond: Current Translational Research.
abstract: Capacity of adult neural and muscle tissues to respond to external Electrical Stimulation (ES) is the biological basis for the development and implementation of mobility impairment physiotherapy protocols and of related assistive technologies, e.g, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). All body tissues, however, respond to electrical stimulation and, indeed, the most successful application of FES is electrical stimulation of the heart to revert or limit effects of arrhythmias (Pace-makers and Defibrillators). Here, we list and discuss results of FES current research activities, in particular those presented at 2016 Meetings: the PaduaMuscleDays, the Italian Institute of Myology Meeting, the 20thInternational Functional Electrical Stimulation Society (IFESS) conference held in Montpellier and the Vienna Workshop on FES. Several papers were recently e-published in the European Journal of Translational Myology as reports of meeting presentations. All the events and publications clearly show that FES research in Europe and beyond is alive and promisses translation of results into clinical management of a very large population of persons with deficiencies.
authors.affiliation: INRIA, LIRMM, Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Christine Azevedo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering / Medical University of Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering / Medical University of Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bijak
authors.affiliation: Institute Pasteur Cenci-Bolognetti; DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, IIM; Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musarò
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo , Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Carraro
keywords: FES; aging; biomedical technology; denervated muscle; mobility impairment; prevention and assistive technology; rehabilitation