title: Long-term restrictions in participation in stroke survivors under and over 70 years of age.
abstract: This study aims to (1) assess differences in participation restrictions between stroke survivors aged under and over 70 years and (2) identify predictors associated with favorable and unfavorable long-term participation in both age groups.
  
  
  
  Prospective cohort study in which 326 patients were assessed at stroke onset, two months and one year after stroke. The Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation (USER-Participation) was used to measure participation restrictions one year after stroke. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed including demographic factors, stroke-related factors, emotional functioning and comorbidity as possible predictors.
  
  
  
  Stroke survivors aged over 70 years perceived more participation restrictions in comparison to stroke survivors aged under 70 years one year after stroke. Independently significant predictors for unfavorable participation outcomes were advancing age, more severe stroke and anxiety symptoms in patients aged over 70 years, and female gender, more severe stroke, impaired cognition and depression symptoms in patients aged under 70 years. Lower age was the only independent predictor associated with favorable participation after one year in stroke survivors aged over 70 years.
  
  
  
  This study emphasizes the need to pay more attention to participation restrictions in elderly stroke survivors. Implications for rehabilitation More attention in the rehabilitation process should be paid to restrictions in participation of stroke survivors aged older than 70 years, taking into account the different participation needs and predictors of older stroke survivors. Early screening on the presence of anxiety symptoms could potentially prevent long-term restrictions in participation in stroke survivors aged over 70-year old. Stroke survivors experience considerable restrictions in physical activity and mobility after one year, highlighting the need for the development of community-based exercise programs for stroke survivors.
authors.affiliation: a Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joris A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.affiliation: a Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: van Mierlo
authors.affiliation: a Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht , the Netherlands.|b Center for Rehabilitation and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine , University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel W M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2205-9404
authors.initials: MWM
authors.lastname: Post
authors.affiliation: c Department of Public Health and Primary Care , Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wilco P
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9227-7135
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Achterberg
authors.affiliation: d Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Department of Neurology , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: L Jaap
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kappelle
authors.affiliation: a Brain Center Rudolf Magnus and Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation , Utrecht , the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johanna M A
authors.initials: JMA
authors.lastname: Visser-Meily
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009426:Netherlands; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: CVA; USER-P; elderly; emotional functioning; predictors; restore4stroke