title: Higher Complexity of Infection and Genetic Diversity ofPlasmodium vivaxThanPlasmodium falciparumAcross All Malaria Transmission Zones of Papua New Guinea.
abstract: Plasmodium falciparumandPlasmodium vivaxhave varying transmission dynamics that are informed by molecular epidemiology. This study aimed to determine the complexity of infection and genetic diversity ofP. vivaxandP. falciparumthroughout Papua New Guinea (PNG) to evaluate transmission dynamics across the country. In 2008-2009, a nationwide malaria indicator survey collected 8,936 samples from all 16 endemic provinces of PNG. Of these, 892 positiveP. vivaxsamples were genotyped atPvMS16andPvmspF3, and 758 positiveP. falciparumsamples were genotyped atPfmsp2. The data were analyzed for multiplicity of infection (MOI) and genetic diversity. Overall,P. vivaxhad higher polyclonality (71%) and mean MOI (2.32) thanP. falciparum(20%, 1.39). These measures were significantly associated with prevalence forP. falciparumbut not forP. vivax. The genetic diversity ofP. vivax(PvMS16: expected heterozygosity = 0.95, 0.85-0.98;PvMsp1F3: 0.78, 0.66-0.89) was higher and less variable than that ofP. falciparum(Pfmsp2: 0.89, 0.65-0.97). Significant associations of MOI with allelic richness (rho = 0.69,P= 0.009) and expected heterozygosity (rho = 0.87,P< 0.001) were observed forP. falciparum. Conversely, genetic diversity was not correlated with polyclonality nor mean MOI forP. vivax. The results demonstrate higher complexity of infection and genetic diversity ofP. vivaxacross the country. AlthoughP. falciparumshows a strong association of these parameters with prevalence, a lack of association was observed forP. vivaxand is consistent with higher potential for outcrossing of this species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Abebe A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fola
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: G L Abby
authors.initials: GLA
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Mita Hapsari
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hazairin
authors.affiliation: Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.|European Public Health Microbiology (EUPHEM) Training Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barnadas
authors.affiliation: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.|Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Manuel W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hetzel
authors.affiliation: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: Jonah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iga
authors.affiliation: Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Siba
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.|Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.|Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.
authors.forename: Alyssa E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barry
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology*; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D010219:Papua New Guinea / Q000453:epidemiology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000235:genetics*; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan