title: First Report of blaCTX-M-15-Type ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Wild Migratory Birds in Pakistan.
abstract: We investigated wild migratory birds faecal swabs for extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) from wetland habitats in Pakistan. ESBL-K. pneumoniae were analysed for MDR phenotype, ESBL genotype and genetic diversity. A total of 13 (8.6%) ESBL-K. pneumoniae were recovered. Of these, 8 (61%) isolates were MDR. DNA sequencing confirmed blaCTX-M-15as the dominant ESBL genotype. BOX-PCR fingerprints showed most of the isolates are unrelated. This study is the first to report the wildlife contamination of CTX-M-15-producing K. pneumoniae in Pakistan. Due to long-range migration, these birds could be responsible for trans-boundary spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahbaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. mashkoormohsin@uaf.edu.pk.
authors.forename: Mashkoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Waqas Ahmed
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Madni
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sarwar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saqib
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aslam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000382:microbiology*; D001717:Birds / Q000382:microbiology*; D005838:Genotype; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010154:Pakistan; D053833:Wetlands; D001618:beta-Lactamases
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases
keywords: CTX-M-15; ESBL; K. pneumoniae; antibiotic resistance; environment; migratory birds