title: NMR Metabolomics Investigates the Influence of Flavonoid-Enriched Rations on Chicken Plasma.
abstract: The use of flavonoids as dietary supplements is well established, mainly due to their intense antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, hesperidin, naringin, and vitamin E were used as additives at different concentrations in poultry rations in order to achieve meat of improved quality. NMR metabolomics was applied to chicken blood serum samples to discern whether and how the enriched rations affected the animals' metabolic profile. Variations in the metabolic patterns according to sustenance consumption were traced by orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) models and were attributed to specific metabolites by using S-line plots. In particular, serum samples from chickens fed with vitamin E displayed higher concentrations of glycine and succinic acid compared to control samples, which were mainly characterized by betaine, formic acid, and lipoproteins. Samples from chickens fed with hesperidin were characterized by increased levels of lactic acid, citric acid, creatine, carnosine, creatinine, phosphocreatine, anserine, glucose, and alanine compared to control samples. Lastly, naringin samples exhibited increased levels of citric and acetic acids. Results verify the scalability of NMR metabolomics to highlight metabolite variations among chicken serum samples in relation to food rations.
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fotakis
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitra Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Lantzouraki
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goliomytis
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Simitzis
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charismiadou
authors.affiliation: Agricultural University of Athens, Department of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Stelios G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Deligeorgis
authors.affiliation: National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zoumpoulakis
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000097:blood; D000409:Alanine / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001622:Betaine / Q000097:blood; D002645:Chickens; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000097:blood; D003401:Creatine / Q000097:blood; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D044950:Flavanones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005998:Glycine / Q000097:blood; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D055432:Metabolomics; D011200:Poultry; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D044950:Flavanones; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014810:Vitamin E; D019343:Citric Acid; D001622:Betaine; D019802:Succinic Acid; D006569:Hesperidin; D003401:Creatine; C005274:naringin; D000409:Alanine; D019342:Acetic Acid; D005998:Glycine; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid