title: Effect of Two Different Multimicronutrient Supplements on Vitamin D Status in Women of Childbearing Age: A Randomized Trial.
abstract: The German Nutrition Society raised in 2012 the recommended daily vitamin D intake from 200 to 800 international units (IU) to achieve 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of at least 50 nmol/L, even when endogenous vitamin D synthesis is minimal such as in winter. We aimed to evaluate this recommendation in women of childbearing age. This is a single-center, randomized, open trial conducted from 8 January to 9 May 2016 in Esslingen, Germany. We randomized 201 apparently healthy women to receive for 8 weeks a daily multimicronutrient supplement containing either 200 IU (n= 100) or 800 IU vitamin D3 (n= 101). Primary outcome measure was serum 25(OH)D. 196 participants completed the trial. Increases in 25(OH)D (median with interquartile range) from baseline to study end were 13.2 (5.9 to 20.7) nmol/L in the 200 IU group, and 35.8 (18.2 to 52.8) nmol/L in the 800 IU group (p< 0.001 for the between group difference). At study end, levels of ≥50 nmol/L were present in 70.4% of the 200 IU group and in 99% of the 800 IU group. Participants on hormonal contraceptives had higher baseline levels and a stronger increase in 25(OH)D. In conclusion, daily supplementation of 800 IU vitamin D3 during wintertime in Germany is sufficient to achieve a 25(OH)D level of at least 50 nmol/L in almost all women of childbearing age, whereas 200 IU are insufficient.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria. stefan.pilz@chello.at.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pilz
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany. hahn@nutrition.uni-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.affiliation: BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstrasse 54-56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany. c.schoen@biotesys.de.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schön
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, University of Applied Science Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081 Ulm, Germany. wilhelm@hs-ulm.de.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.affiliation: Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Aarhus, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, Building 1632, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. rima.obeid@uks.eu.
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obeid
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018977:Micronutrients; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: 25(OH)D; multimicronutrient; randomized controlled trial; supplementation; vitamin D; women