title: Outcomes in the absence of the ductus venosus diagnosed in the first trimester.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the outcomes of the absence of the ductus venosus (DV) diagnosed in fetuses suspected to have a structural abnormality during a morphological assessment in the first trimester.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants in whom ultrasound fetal morphological assessments were attempted in the first trimester (11 to 13-6 weeks of gestation) and who were subsequently delivered between 2013 and 2015 at Showa University Hospital were enrolled. In cases in which the absence of the DV was diagnosed in the first trimester, the prognosis was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  First-trimester ultrasound screening was performed in a total of 2610 cases between 2013 and 2015. Fetal edema (n = 38), hydrops (n = 16), abnormal four-chamber view findings (n = 2), and tricuspid regurgitation (n = 1) were observed in a total of 52 cases (2.0%). In 4 of the 52 cases with abnormal ultrasound findings, the absence of the DV was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If fetal edema or hydrops in early pregnancy is found without any other structural abnormalities, not only chromosomal abnormalities should be suspected but also an evaluation for the absence of the DV should be included. In addition, absence of the DV with fetal edema may be associated with the outcomes of cardiac dysfunction, chromosome abnormalities, and intrauterine sudden death. Severe fetal edema is associated with a poor prognosis, and the family must be carefully informed of the potential outcomes.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takita
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakaki
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokunaka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masamitsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Ryu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Showa University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sekizawa
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Absence of the ductus venosus; abnormal ultrasound findings; fetal edema