title: Neuroimaging findings of congenital Zika virus infection: a pictorial essay.
abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family. It had caused several epidemics since its discovery in 1947, but there was no significant attention to this virus until the recent outbreak in Brazil in 2015. The main concern is the causal relationship between prenatal ZIKV infection and congenital microcephaly, which has been confirmed recently. Moreover, ZIKV may cause other central nervous system abnormalities such as brain parenchymal atrophy with secondary ventriculomegaly, intracranial calcification, malformations of cortical development (such as polymicrogyria, and lissencephaly-pachygyria), agenesis/hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, cerebellar and brainstem hypoplasia, sensorineural hearing-loss, and ocular abnormalities as well as arthrogryposis in the infected fetuses. Postnatal (acquired) ZIKV infection usually has an asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic course, while prenatal (congenital) ZIKV infection has a more severe course and may cause severe brain anomalies that are described as congenital Zika syndrome. In this pictorial essay, we aim to illustrate the prenatal and postnatal neuroimaging findings that may be seen in fetuses and neonates with congenital Zika syndrome, and will discuss possible radiological differential diagnoses. A detailed knowledge of these findings is paramount for an early correct diagnosis, prognosis determination, and counseling of the affected children and families.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. zare@sbmu.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-5323
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zare Mehrjardi
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poretti
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Thierry A G M
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Huisman
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Heron
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Mahdieh Women's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Araujo Júnior
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000821:virology*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods*; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Congenital; Microcephaly; Neuroimaging; Radiology; Zika virus (ZIKV)