title: Cognitive profiles of adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the WAIS-III.
abstract: The cognitive profile differences between adult patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are not well characterized. We examined the cognitive profiles of adults having either ASD (n=120) or ADHD (n=76) with no intellectual disabilities (IQ≥70) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III). Verbal Intelligence (VIQ) - Performance Intelligence (PIQ) difference discrepancies were detected between the two groups. Information subtest scores of the Verbal Comprehension index and Arithmetic and Digit Span subtests of the Freedom from Distractibility index were significantly higher in ASD than in ADHD, while the Picture Completion subtest was significantly lower in ASD. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the difference in the cognitive profiles of adults with ASD and those with ADHD based on the WAIS III with a large number of participants.
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan. Electronic address: ckanai@med.showa-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; Department of Language Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; ATR Brain Information Communication Research Laboratory Group, 2-2-2 Hikaridai, sorakugun seika-cho, Kyoto, 619-0288, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwanami
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Showa University Karasuyama Hospital, 6-11-11 Kitakarasuyama, Setagayaku, Tokyo 157-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobumasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000523:psychology*; D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014888:Wechsler Scales; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); Autism spectrum disorder (ASD); Wechsler intelligence scale III (WAIS-III)