title: Iron oxide nanoparticles in modern microbiology and biotechnology.
abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are one of the most developed and used nanomaterials in biotechnology and microbiology. These particles have unique physicochemical properties, which make them unique among nanomaterials. Therefore, many experiments have been conducted to develop facile synthesis methods for these particles and to make them biocompatible. Various effects of IONs on microorganisms have been reported. Depending on the microbial strain and nanoparticle (NP) concentration, IONs can stimulate or inhibit microbial growth. Due to the superparamagnetic properties of IONs, these NPs have used as nano sources of heat for hyperthermia in infected tissues. Antibiotic-loaded IONs are used for targeted delivery of chemical therapy direct to the infected organ and IONs have been used as a dirigible carrier for more potent antimicrobial nanomaterials such as silver nanoparticles. Magnetic NPs have been used for specific separation of pathogen and non-pathogen bacterial strains. Very recently, IONs were used as a novel tool for magnetic immobilization of microbial cells and process intensification in a biotechnological process. This review provides an overview of application of IONs in different microbial processes. Recommendations are also given for areas of future research.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Ranmadugala
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dinali
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.|b Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences , Fasa , Iran.|c Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ebrahiminezhad
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Merilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manley-Harris
authors.affiliation: c Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.
authors.forename: Younes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghasemi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Science and Engineering , University of Waikato , Hamilton , New Zealand.
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenjian
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D001709:Biotechnology; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide
keywords: Bacteria; bioprocess; hyperthermia; maghemite; magnetite