title: Polymorphisms of glucose-regulated protein 78 and clinical relevance of neuroblastoma: Risk and prognosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Glucose/regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a stress-associated protein. It has been reported that overexpression of GRP78 occurs in various human cancers, and GRP78 polymorphisms have effect on the expression of GRP78 with possible function of predicting clinical outcome. Upregulation of GRP78 has been detected in NB. However, little is known about the relationship of GRP78 polymorphisms and the susceptibility of NB.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether GRP78 polymorphisms were associated with the risk and clinical characteristics of NB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two GRP78 polymorphisms rs391957 (C>T) and rs430397 (G>A) were detected in 105 NB cases and 145 healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction fragment length polymorphism technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the CC genotype, carriers of CT and TT genotypes of rs391957 polymorphism had higher risks of NB. In NB cases, the variant T allele was significantly associated with tumor International Neuroblastoma Staging System stage (P = 0.027), but not with MYCN amplification (P = 0.056). Compared with the GG genotype, carriers of GA and AA genotypes of rs430397 polymorphism had higher risks of NB. The rs430397 polymorphism was not associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of NB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide the first evidence that GRP78 rs391957 and rs430397 polymorphisms could serve as the markers to predict the risk and poor prognosis of NB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
authors.forename: Jiaxiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
authors.forename: Qiuliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
authors.forename: Jingyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011379:Prognosis; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins