title: sTREM-1 is elevated in cystic fibrosis and correlates with proteases.
abstract: sTREM-1 (soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1) is a novel inflammatory marker that may be of clinical use in cystic fibrosis (CF). Dysregulation of the TREM pathway has been demonstrated in other inflammatory diseases and modulation in animal models has therapeutic benefit. We hypothesised that sTREM-1 could act as a biomarker of disease in cystic fibrosis.
  
  
  
  Plasma from 17 patients with CF (stable and pre and post pulmonary exacerbation) and eight healthy volunteers was analyzed for sTREM-1 and proteases (matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), MMP-9, and human neutrophil elastase HNE).
  
  
  
  sTREM-1 Levels were elevated in stable CF subjects compared to controls (148 pg/ml (130-160) [median(IQR)] vs. 87 (55-118) (P < 0.01)) but were not further increased during pulmonary exacerbation nor decreased after antibiotic treatment in CF. Protease levels were increased in CF plasma compared to controls: MMP-8 = 3.1 ng/ml (1.5-7.6) vs. 0.3 (0.18-0.53) (P < 0.01) (Wilcoxon); MMP-9 = 170 ng/ml (124-282) vs. 49 (39-90) (P <  0.01); HNE = 30.2 ng/ml (22.7-30.9) vs. 17.5 (11.2-22.2) (P < 0.05). sTREM-1 correlated positively with protease levels lnMMP-8 r2= 0.55 (P = 0.08), lnMMP-9 r2=  0.61(P < 0.05), lnHNE r2= 0.35 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  
  sTREM-1 is constitutively elevated in CF and positively correlates with protease levels. Modulation of this pathway may be of therapeutic benefit to patients with CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:467-471. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fogarty
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: MMPs; biomarkers; inflammation