title: Norepinephrine Transporter Gene Variants and Remission From Depression With Venlafaxine Treatment in Older Adults.
abstract: The primary objective of this study was to investigate five putatively functional variants of the norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2, NET) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4, SERT) genes and remission in depressed older adults treated with venlafaxine. A secondary objective was to analyze 17 other variants in serotonergic system genes (HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR1B, HTR2C, TPH1, TPH2) potentially involved in the mechanism of action of venlafaxine.
  
  
  
  The sample included 350 adults age 60 or older with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorder and a score of at least 15 on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Participants received protocolized treatment with open-label venlafaxine, up to 300 mg/day for approximately 12 weeks, as part of a three-site clinical trial. Each individual was genotyped for 22 polymorphisms in eight genes, which were tested for association with venlafaxine remission (a MADRS score ≤10) and changes in MADRS score during treatment.
  
  
  
  After adjusting for multiple comparisons, NET variant rs2242446 (T-182C) was significantly associated with remission (odds ratio=1.66, 95% CI=1.13, 2.42). Individuals with the rs2242446 C/C genotype were more likely to remit (73.1%) than those with either the C/T (51.8%) or the T/T genotype (47.3%). Individuals with the C/C genotype also had a shorter time to remission than those with the C/T or T/T genotypes and had a greater percentage change in MADRS score from baseline to end of treatment (up to week 12).
  
  
  
  NET rs2242446/T-182C may serve as a biomarker to predict the likelihood of remission with venlafaxine in older adults with major depression. These findings may help to optimize antidepressant outcomes in older adults.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Victoria S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Marshe
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maciukiewicz
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Soham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rej
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Etienne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sibille
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Blumberger
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Jordan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Karp
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lenze
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal; the Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto; the Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh; the Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Health System, Pittsburgh; and the Healthy Mind Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D050484:Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; C493227:SLC6A2 protein, human; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
keywords: Antidepressants; Genetics; Late Life; Major Depression; Pharmacogenomics; Venlafaxine