title: Evolution of protein N-glycosylation process in Golgi apparatus which shapes diversity of protein N-glycan structures in plants, animals and fungi.
abstract: Protein N-glycosylation (PNG) is crucial for protein folding and enzymatic activities, and has remarkable diversity among eukaryotic species. Little is known of how unique PNG mechanisms arose and evolved in eukaryotes. Here we demonstrate a picture of onset and evolution of PNG components in Golgi apparatus that shaped diversity of eukaryotic protein N-glycan structures, with an emphasis on roles that domain emergence and combination played on PNG evolution. 23 domains were identified from 24 known PNG genes, most of which could be classified into a single clan, indicating a single evolutionary source for the majority of the genes. From 153 species, 4491 sequences containing the domains were retrieved, based on which we analyzed distribution of domains among eukaryotic species. Two domains in GnTV are restricted to specific eukaryotic domains, while 10 domains distribute not only in species where certain unique PNG reactions occur and thus genes harboring these domains are supoosed to be present, but in other ehkaryotic lineages. Notably, two domains harbored by β-1,3 galactosyltransferase, an essential enzyme in forming plant-specific Leastructure, were present in separated genes in fungi and animals, suggesting its emergence as a result of domain shuffling.
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Immunology and Antibody Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
authors.forename: Jiangtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoxiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
authors.forename: Yongzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences &Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jian
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008358:Mannose / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072417:Protein Domains; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D011506:Proteins; D008358:Mannose