title: Lectin Digestibility and Stability of Elderberry Antioxidants to Heat Treatment In Vitro.
abstract: Elderberry contains healthy low molecular weight nutraceuticals and lectins which are sequence-related to the elderberry allergen Sam n1. Some of these lectins are type II ribosome-inactivating proteins. The sensitivity of native lectins present in elderberry fruits and bark to the proteolysis triggered by in vitro simulated gastric and duodenal fluids has been investigated. It was found that these lectins are refractory to proteolysis. Nonetheless, incubation for 5-10 min in a boiling water bath completely sensitized them to the hydrolytic enzymes in vitro. Under these conditions neither total Folin-Ciocalteau's reagent reactive compounds, total anthocyanins and the mixture of cyanidin-3-glucoside plus cyanidin-3-sambubioside, nor antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities were affected by more than 10% for incubations of up to 20 min. Therefore, short-time heat treatment reduces potential allergy-related risks deriving from elderberry consumption without seriously affecting its properties as an antioxidant and free-radical scavenging food.
authors.affiliation: Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain. pilarj@bio.uva.es.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain. patricia_cabrero@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cabrero
authors.affiliation: Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain. damianco@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Damian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cordoba-Diaz
authors.affiliation: Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia and Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial (IUFI), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain. mcordoba@farm.ucm.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cordoba-Diaz
authors.affiliation: Biología Celular, Histología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina and Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain. garrosa@med.uva.es.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Garrosa
authors.affiliation: Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47005, Spain. girbes@bio.uva.es.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Girbés
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000737:chemistry; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D055550:Protein Stability; D059748:Proteolysis; D054790:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry*; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D037121:Plant Lectins; D054790:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2; D010434:Pepsin A
keywords: Sambucus nigra; elderberry; free-radicals; lectin; polyphenol; ribosome-inactivating protein