title: Effect of shortened sleep on energy expenditure, core body temperature, and appetite: a human randomised crossover trial.
abstract: The effects of sleep restriction on energy metabolism and appetite remain controversial. We examined the effects of shortened sleep duration on energy metabolism, core body temperature (CBT), and appetite profiles. Nine healthy men were evaluated in a randomised crossover study under two conditions: a 3.5-h sleep duration and a 7-h sleep duration for three consecutive nights followed by one 7-h recovery sleep night. The subjects' energy expenditure (EE), substrate utilisation, and CBT were continually measured for 48 h using a whole-room calorimeter. The subjects completed an appetite questionnaire every hour while in the calorimeter. Sleep restriction did not affect total EE or substrate utilisation. The 48-h mean CBT decreased significantly during the 3.5-h sleep condition compared with the 7-h sleep condition (7-h sleep, 36.75 ± 0.11 °C; 3.5-h sleep, 36.68 ± 0.14 °C; p = 0.016). After three consecutive nights of sleep restriction, fasting peptide YY levels and fullness were significantly decreased (p = 0.011), whereas hunger and prospective food consumption were significantly increased, compared to those under the 7-h sleep condition. Shortened sleep increased appetite by decreasing gastric hormone levels, but did not affect EE, suggesting that greater caloric intake during a shortened sleep cycle increases the risk of weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Chie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aritake
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mitsui
authors.affiliation: Health Care Food Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katashima
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D001831:Body Temperature; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep; D055815:Young Adult