title: Antileishmanial Activity and Immunomodulatory Effects of Tricin Isolated from Leaves of Casearia arborea (Salicaceae).
abstract: Bioactivity-guided fractionation of antileishmanial active extract from leaves of Casearia arborea led to isolation of three metabolites: tricin (1), 1',6'-di-O-β-d-vanilloyl glucopyranoside (2) and vanillic acid (3). Compound 1 demonstrated the highest activity against the intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum, with an IC50value of 56 μm. Tricin (1) demonstrated selectivity in mammalian cells (SI > 7) and elicited immunomodulatory effect on host cells. The present work suggests that tricin modulated the respiratory burst of macrophages to a leishmanicidal state, contributing to the parasite elimination. Therefore, the natural compound tricin could be further explored in drug design studies for leishmaniasis treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Augusto L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n - Parque Bitaru, CEP 11330-900, São Vicente, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe D
authors.initials: LFD
authors.lastname: Passero
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcia D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
authors.affiliation: Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ligia F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|São Paulo Tropical Medicine Institute, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 470, CEP 05403-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marta L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemi
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 700 Centro, CEP 37130-001, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marisi G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.affiliation: Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, CEP 09210-580, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Henrique G
authors.initials: JHG
authors.lastname: Lago
authors.affiliation: Center of Parasitology and Mycology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 355 - Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andre G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tempone
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n° 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sartorelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D037821:Casearia / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000469:parasitology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D031308:Salicaceae; D014641:Vanillic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; C017769:tricin; D014641:Vanillic Acid
keywords: 
  Casearia arborea
  ; 
  Leishmania
  ; Divanilloyl glucopyranoside; Immunomodulation; Salicaceae; Tricin; Vanillic acid