title: Postsystolic Shortening Is Associated with Altered Right Ventricular Function in Children after Tetralogy of Fallot Surgical Repair.
abstract: The aim of the study was to determine whether segmental interactions, as expressed by postsystolic shortening (PSS), affects RV mechanics and are connected with impaired systolic and diastolic function in rTOF children.
  
  
  METHODS
  55 rTOF adolescent (study group), and 34 healthy volunteers (control group) were examined using classical Doppler flow (Doppler), Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE). PSS was found to occur when time to peak (TTP) was longer than pulmonary valve closure time (PVCT). TTP and strain were derived from RV lateral segments-basal (BL), medial (ML) and apical (AL) in STE. PVCT was measured from the beginning of QRS complex in the ECG to the termination of Doppler flow at the pulmonary valve. TDI was obtained at the lateral tricuspid annulus site and the systolic (S'), early (E') and late diastolic (A') peak velocities were measured along with isovolumic contraction (IVCT), and relaxation (IVRT) time. PW was used to measure early tricuspid inflow velocity (E) for calculating the E/E' ratio. The TDI data in patients with PSS presence (TTP>PVCT) and those in whom it did not occur (TTP≤PVCT) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSS in BL, ML and AL were observed respectively in: 27(51,9%), 9 (18%), and 8 (16,7%) patients. Mean values of TTP in BL, ML, and AL were respectively: 420.6±55.5ms, 389.8±50.0ms and 366.7±59.0ms. PVCT mean value was 396.6±33.5ms. In the study group, the mean E' in TTP>PVCT was significantly lower (4.8±1.8 cm/s) compared to mean E' in TTP≤PVCT (8.4±2.6 cm/s), p<0.01. The average E/E' was significantly higher in TTP>PCVT than in TTP≤PVCT, respectively 21.6±7.3 vs 12.2±5.1, p<0.05. IVRT was significantly prolonged in TTP>PVCT compared to IVRT in TTP≤PVCT, respectively 95.9±38.7 vs 77.0±35.1, p<0.05. Furthermore, in TTP>PVCT, significantly higher strain in BL (-28.8±8.7%) was observed when compared to that parameter in TTP≤PVCT (-35.3±13.1%), p <0.05.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissue Doppler Echocardiography and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography are useful techniques for detecting regional systolic and diastolic dysfunction in children after Tetralogy of Fallot surgical repair. Postsystolic shortening in the basal lateral segment is commonly seen in children after the Tetralogy of Fallot surgical repair, and is associated with altered right ventricular systolic and diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics. Medical University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Radosław
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics. Medical University of Warsaw Zwirki i Wigury, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bożena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Werner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013599:Systole; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right