title: Concentrations of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in indoor dusts from malls in China: Implications for human exposure.
abstract: Levels and distribution of short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) were measured in indoor dusts from malls in China. The concentrations of SCCPs and MCCPs in dustfalls from a building material mall ranged from 6.0 to 361.4 μg g-1and from 5.0 to 285.9 μg g-1, respectively. Much heavier contamination was found in central air conditioner filter (CACF) dusts from a newly opened shopping mall, with SCCP concentrations of 114.7-707.0 μg g-1and MCCP concentrations of 89.0-1082.9 μg g-1. The C13- and C14-CPs were the dominant congeners, while the Cl7and Cl8groups were the major chlorine congeners in both kinds of dust samples. Significant correlation relationships (p ≤ 0.05) were found between ∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs in CACF dusts and dustfalls. Varied exposure pathways including dust ingestion and dermal permeation have been evaluated. The average daily exposure doses of SCCPs and MCCPs for the adult in CACF dusts and dustfalls were estimated to be 0.394 and 0.150 μg kg-1day-1, respectively. The toddler had higher exposure risks with 5.918 and 2.658 μg kg-1day-1in the shopping and building material malls, respectively. Dermal permeation was the predominated exposure pathway for the adult, while dust ingestion was suggested to be more important for the toddler due to hand-to-mouth contact.
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Leimeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: acyoyo@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Haijun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Ningbo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Jiazhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Faqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
authors.forename: Yuwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. Electronic address: chenjp@dicp.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D010232:Paraffin / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010232:Paraffin
keywords: Dust; Human exposure assessment; Indoor environment; Medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs); Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs)