title: An endophenotype approach to the genetics of alcohol dependence: a genome wide association study of fast beta EEG in families of African ancestry.
abstract: Fast beta (20-28 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillatory activity may be a useful endophenotype for studying the genetics of disorders characterized by neural hyperexcitability, including substance use disorders (SUDs). However, the genetic underpinnings of fast beta EEG have not previously been studied in a population of African-American ancestry (AA). In a sample of 2382 AA individuals from 482 families drawn from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resting-state fast beta EEG power. To further characterize our genetic findings, we examined the functional and clinical/behavioral significance of GWAS variants. Ten correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (r2>0.9) located in an intergenic region on chromosome 3q26 were associated with fast beta EEG power at P<5 × 10-8. The most significantly associated SNP, rs11720469 (β: -0.124; P<4.5 × 10-9), is also an expression quantitative trait locus for BCHE (butyrylcholinesterase), expressed in thalamus tissue. Four of the genome-wide SNPs were also associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Alcohol Dependence in COGA AA families, and two (rs13093097, rs7428372) were replicated in an independent AA sample (Gelernter et al.). Analyses in the AA adolescent/young adult (offspring from COGA families) subsample indicated association of rs11720469 with heavy episodic drinking (frequency of consuming 5+ drinks within 24 h). Converging findings presented in this study provide support for the role of genetic variants within 3q26 in neural and behavioral disinhibition. These novel genetic findings highlight the importance of including AA populations in genetics research on SUDs and the utility of the endophenotype approach in enhancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying addiction susceptibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wetherill
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.|Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kamarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chorlian
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.|Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Almasy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Bucholz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hesselbrock
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koganti
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuperman
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, The College of Wooster, Wooster, OH, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Manz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seay
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Alcohol Research Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.affiliation: Collaborative Alcohol Research Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.|Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Edenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.|Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goate
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Porjesz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase / Q000235:genetics; D004569:Electroencephalography; D058068:Endophenotypes; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
chemical_list: D002091:Butyrylcholinesterase