title: Bio-Medical Waste Managment in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Overview.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) management is of utmost importance as its improper management poses serious threat to health care workers, waste handlers, patients, care givers, community and finally the environment. Simultaneously, the health care providers should know the quantity of waste generated in their facility and try to reduce the waste generation in day-to-day work because lesser amount of BMW means a lesser burden on waste disposal work and cost saving.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To have an overview of management of BMW in a tertiary care teaching hospital so that effective interventions and implementations can be carried out for better outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observational study was carried out over a period of five months from January 2016 to May 2016 in Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Meerut by the Infection Control Team (ICT). Assessment of knowledge was carried out by asking set of questions individually and practice regarding awareness of BMW Management among the Health Care Personnel (HCP) was carried out by direct observation in the workplace. Further, the total BMW generated from the present setup in kilogram per bed per day was calculated by dividing the mean waste generated per day by the number of occupied beds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Segregation of BMW was being done at the site of generation in almost all the areas of the hospital in color coded polythene bags as per the hospital protocol. The different types of waste being collected were infectious solid waste in red bag, soiled infectious waste in yellow bag and sharp waste in puncture proof container and blue bag. Though awareness (knowledge) about segregation of BMW was seen in 90% of the HCP, 30%-35% did not practice. Out of the total waste generated (57912 kg.), 8686.8 kg. (15%) was infectious waste. Average infectious waste generated was 0.341 Kg per bed per day. The transport, treatment and disposal of each collected waste were outsourced and carried out by 'Synergy' waste management Pvt. Ltd.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practice of BMW Management was lacking in 30-35% HCP which may lead to mixing of the 15% infectious waste with the remaining non-infectious. Therefore, training courses and awareness programs about BMW management will be carried out every month targeting smaller groups.
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahuja
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head of Department, Department of Microbiology, Subharti Medical College , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Molly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Madan
authors.affiliation: Chief Medical Superintendent, Department of Hospital Administration, Subharti Medical College , Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India .
authors.forename: Ajay Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Asthana
keywords: Health care providers; Infectious; Waste disposal