title: Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Prepared From Bovine Heparins With Enoxaparin.
abstract: Heparin and its low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) derivatives are widely used clinical anticoagulants. These drugs are critical for the practice of medicine in applications including kidney dialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and in the management of venous thromboembolism. Currently, these drugs are derived from livestock, primarily porcine intestine. The worldwide dependence on a single animal species has made the supply chain for this critical drug quite fragile, leading to the search for other sources of these drugs, including bovine tissues such as bovine intestine or lung. A number of laboratories are currently examining the similarities and differences between heparins prepared from porcine and bovine tissues. The current study is designed to compare LMWH prepared from bovine heparins through chemical β-elimination, a process currently used to prepare the LMWH, enoxaparin, from porcine heparin. Using top-down, bottom-up, compositional analysis and bioassays, LMWHs, derived from bovine lung and intestine, are shown to closely resemble enoxaparin.
authors.affiliation: 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.|2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Xinyue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kalib
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: St Ange
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Jawed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fareed
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoppensteadt
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jeske
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kouta
authors.affiliation: 1 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Lianli
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.affiliation: 4 Ronnsi Pharma Co, Ltd, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Caijuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 4 Ronnsi Pharma Co, Ltd, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: 4 Ronnsi Pharma Co, Ltd, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.|5 Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.|6 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.|7 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Linhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002417:Cattle; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000592:standards*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007422:Intestines / Q000737:chemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
keywords: bioassay; bovine heparin; chemical β-elimination; enoxaparin; mass spectrometry; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy