title: The role of gut microbiota in health and disease: In vitro modeling of host-microbe interactions at the aerobe-anaerobe interphase of the human gut.
abstract: The microbiota of the gut has many crucial functions in human health. Dysbiosis of the microbiota has been correlated to a large and still increasing number of diseases. Recent studies have mostly focused on analyzing the associations between disease and an aberrant microbiota composition. Functional studies using (in vitro) gut models are required to investigate the precise interactions that occur between specific bacteria (or bacterial mixtures) and gut epithelial cells. As most gut bacteria are obligate or facultative anaerobes, studying their effect on oxygen-requiring human gut epithelial cells is technically challenging. Still, several (anaerobic) bacterial-epithelial co-culture systems have recently been developed that mimic host-microbe interactions occurring in the human gut, including 1) the Transwell "apical anaerobic model of the intestinal epithelial barrier", 2) the Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module, 3) the "Human oxygen-Bacteria anaerobic" (HoxBan) system, 4) the human gut-on-a-chip and 5) the HuMiX model. This review discusses the role of gut microbiota in health and disease and gives an overview of the characteristics and applications of these novel host-microbe co-culture systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.z.h.von.martels@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Julius Z H
authors.initials: JZH
authors.lastname: von Martels
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadaghian Sadabad
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Arno R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bourgonje
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tjasso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blokzijl
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: k.n.faber@umcg.nl.
authors.forename: Klaas Nico
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hermie J M
authors.initials: HJM
authors.lastname: Harmsen
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D018920:Coculture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000382:microbiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological
keywords: Anaerobic gut bacteria; Co-culture system; Host-Microbiota Interaction (HMI) module; Host-microbe interactions; HuMiX model; Human intestinal epithelium; Human oxygen-Bacteria anaerobic (HoxBan) system; The human gut-on-a-chip; Transwell co-culture