title: Validation and reproducibility of an Australian caffeine food frequency questionnaire.
abstract: The aim of this study was to measure validity and reproducibility of a caffeine food frequency questionnaire (C-FFQ) developed for the Australian population. The C-FFQ was designed to assess average daily caffeine consumption using four categories of food and beverages including; energy drinks; soft drinks/soda; coffee and tea and chocolate (food and drink). Participants completed a seven-day food diary immediately followed by the C-FFQ on two consecutive days. The questionnaire was first piloted in 20 adults, and then, a validity/reproducibility study was conducted (n = 90 adults). The C-FFQ showed moderate correlations (r = .60), fair agreement (mean difference 63 mg) and reasonable quintile rankings indicating fair to moderate agreement with the seven-day food diary. To test reproducibility, the C-FFQ was compared to itself and showed strong correlations (r = .90), good quintile rankings and strong kappa values (κ = 0.65), indicating strong reproducibility. The C-FFQ shows adequate validity and reproducibility and will aid researchers in Australia to quantify caffeine consumption.
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohler
authors.affiliation: a Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.affiliation: b Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity , School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia , Adelaide , Australia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Coates
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D000069956:Chocolate / Q000032:analysis; D004034:Diet Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002110:Caffeine
keywords: Caffeine; food frequency questionnaire; nutrition assessment; questionnaire; reproducibility; validation studies