title: Wood staining fungi revealed taxonomic novelties inPezizomycotina: New orderSuperstratomycetalesand new speciesCyanodermella oleoligni.
abstract: A culture-based survey of staining fungi on oil-treated timber after outdoor exposure in Australia and the Netherlands uncovered new taxa inPezizomycotina. Their taxonomic novelty was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences (ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, mitSSU,RPB1,RPB2, andEF-1α) using multiple reference data sets. These previously unknown taxa are recognised as part of a new order (Superstratomycetales) potentially closely related toTrypetheliales(Dothideomycetes), and as a new species ofCyanodermella,C. oleoligniinStictidaceae(Ostropales) part of the mostly lichenised classLecanoromycetes. WithinSuperstratomycetalesa single genus namedSuperstratomyceswith three putative species:S. flavomucosus,S. atroviridis, andS. albomucosusare formally described. Monophyly of each circumscribedSuperstratomycesspecies was highly supported and the intraspecific genetic variation was substantially lower than interspecific differences detected among species based on the ITS, nrLSU, andEF-1αloci. Ribosomal loci for all members ofSuperstratomyceswere noticeably different from all fungal sequences available in GenBank. All strains from this genus grow slowly in culture, have darkly pigmented mycelia and produce pycnidia. The strains ofC. oleoligniform green colonies with slimy masses and develop green pycnidia on oatmeal agar. These new taxa could not be classified reliably at the class and lower taxonomic ranks by sequencing from the substrate directly or based solely on culture-dependent morphological investigations. Coupling phenotypic observations with multi-locus sequencing of fungi isolated in culture enabled these taxonomic discoveries. Outdoor situated timber provides a great potential for culturable undescribed fungal taxa, including higher rank lineages as revealed by this study, and therefore, should be further explored.
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Nieuwenhuijzen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miadlikowska
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J A M P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O C G
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Adan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lutzoni
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
keywords: Classification of Pezizomycotina; Cyanodermella oleoligni; Dothideomycetes; Fungal cultures; Multi-locus phylogeny; New family:Superstratomycetaceae van Nieuwenhuijzen, Miadlikowska, Lutzoni & Samson; New genus:Superstratomyces van Nieuwenhuijzen, Miadlikowska & Samson; New order:Superstratomycetales van Nieuwenhuijzen, Miadlikowska, Lutzoni & Samson; New species:Cyanodermella oleoligni van Nieuwenhuijzen & Samson; Oil-treated wood; Ostropales; S. atroviridis van Nieuwenhuijzen & Samson; S. flavomucosus van Nieuwenhuijzen & Samson; Superstratomyces albomucosus van Nieuwenhuijzen & Samson; Superstratomycetales