title: Public Health Agency Accreditation Among Rural Local Health Departments: Influencers and Barriers.
abstract: Health department accreditation is a crucial strategy for strengthening public health infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to investigate local health department (LHD) characteristics that are associated with accreditation-seeking behavior. This study sought to ascertain the effects of rurality on the likelihood of seeking accreditation through the Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB).
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional study using secondary data from the 2013 National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO) National Profile of Local Health Departments Study (Profile Study).
  
  
  
  United States.
  
  
  
  LHDs (n = 490) that responded to the 2013 NACCHO Profile Survey.
  
  
  
  LHDs decision to seek PHAB accreditation.
  
  
  
  Significantly more accreditation-seeking LHDs were located in urban areas (87.0%) than in micropolition (8.9%) or rural areas (4.1%) (P < .001). LHDs residing in urban communities were 16.6 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3-52.3) and micropolitan LHDs were 3.4 times (95% CI, 1.1-11.3) more likely to seek PHAB accreditation than rural LHDs (RLHDs). LHDs that had completed an agency-wide strategic plan were 8.5 times (95% CI, 4.0-17.9), LHDs with a local board of health were 3.3 times (95% CI, 1.5-7.0), and LHDs governed by their state health department were 12.9 times (95% CI, 3.3-50.0) more likely to seek accreditation. The most commonly cited barrier was time and effort required for accreditation application exceeded benefits (73.5%).
  
  
  
  The strongest predictor for seeking PHAB accreditation was serving an urban jurisdiction. Micropolitan LHDs were more likely to seek accreditation than smaller RLHDs, which are typically understaffed and underfunded. Major barriers identified by the RLHDs included fees being too high and the time and effort needed for accreditation exceeded their perceived benefits. RLHDs will need additional financial and technical support to achieve accreditation. Even with additional funds, clear messaging of the benefits of accreditation tailored to RLHDs will be needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee (Dr Beatty); Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (Dr Erwin); Brown School, Prevention Research Center in St Louis, Division of Public Health Sciences and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri (Dr Brownson); and NORC Walsh Center for Rural Health Analysis, NORC at the University of Chicago, Bethesda, Maryland (Messrs Meit and Fey).
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Beatty
authors.forename: Paul Campbell
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: Ross C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Brownson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meit
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fey
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D009111:Local Government; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011634:Public Health / Q000592:standards*; D011635:Public Health Administration / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement / Q000639:trends; D012423:Rural Health / Q000639:trends; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States