title: Systematic time-dependent visualization and quantitation of the neurogenic rate in brain organoids.
abstract: Organoids mimicking the formation of the brain cortex have been demonstrated to be powerful tools for developmental studies as well as pathological investigations of brain malformations. Here, we report an integrated approach for the quantification of temporal neural production (neurogenic rate) in organoids derived from embryonic brains. Spherical tissue fragments with polarized cytoarchitectures were incubated in multiple cavities arranged in a polymethylmethacrylate chip. The time-dependent neurogenic rate in the organoids was monitored by the level of EGFP under the promoter of Tbr2, a transcription factor that is transiently expressed in neural fate-committed progenitors during corticogenesis. Importantly, our monitoring system exhibited a quick response to DAPT, a drug that promotes neural differentiation. Furthermore, we successfully quantified the temporal neurogenic rate in a large number of organoids by applying image processing that semi-automatically recognized the positions of organoids and measured their signal intensities from sequential images. Taken together, we provide a strategy to quantitate the neurogenic rate in brain organoids in a time-dependent manner, which will also be a potent method for monitoring organoid formation and drug activity in other tissue types.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Korea Brain Research Institute, 61 Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41068, South Korea. Electronic address: kosodo@kbri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kosodo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Taeko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suetsugu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging
chemical_list: C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: Corticogenesis; DAPT; Microfabrication; Neural ball; Quantitative image processing; Tbr2