title: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, and Antihypertensive Properties of Echinacea purpurea Flower Extract and Caffeic Acid Derivatives Using In Vitro Models.
abstract: The extraction yield, total phenols, caffeic acid derivatives (CAD), and antioxidant properties of 50% ethanolic Echinacea purpurea flower extract were determined. The in vitro inhibitory effects of 50% ethanolic extract and CAD on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) linked with type 2 diabetes were also investigated. The extraction yield, total phenols, and total CAD of the extract were 27.04%, 195.69 mg CAE/g and 78.42 mg/g, respectively. Cichoric acid (56.03 mg/g) was the predominant CAD compound in the extract. The extract exhibited good antioxidant properties. The extract and CAD inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE activities in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the tested samples, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid (IC50of 1.71-1.81 mg/mL) had the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, cichoric acid (IC50of 0.28 mg/mL) showed higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Both chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid (IC50of 0.11-0.14 mg/mL) demonstrated higher ACE-inhibitory activity. The in vitro results suggest that E. purpurea extract and CAD have good potential for managing hyperglycemia and hypertension. Overall, the data suggest it is a choice for developing antihyperglycemia and antihypertension compounds from field-grown E. purpurea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Shiow-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Jih-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Po-Wei
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University , Taichung, Taiwan .
authors.forename: Sheng-Dun
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
keywords: Echinacea purpurea; angiotensin-converting enzyme; antioxidant activity; caffeic acid derivatives; α-Amylase; α-glucosidase