title: Salivary protein changes in response to acute stress in medical residents performing advanced clinical simulations: a pilot proteomics study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quantitative changes of salivary proteins due to acute stress were detected.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore protein markers of stress in saliva of eight medical residents who performed emergency medicine simulations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva was collected before the simulations, after the simulations, and following morning upon waking. Proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), identified by mass spectrometry (MS), and relatively quantified by densitometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary alpha-amylase and S-type cystatins significantly increased, while the ∼26 kDa and low-molecular weight (MW) (<10 kDa) SDS-PAGE bands exhibited changes after stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alpha-amylase and cystatins are potential salivary markers of acute stress, but further validation should be performed using larger sample populations.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Rachel K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Marvin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neuroscience , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Muncharie B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Saepoo
authors.affiliation: c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Simiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: c Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pathology , University of Toledo, Toledo , OH, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hensley
authors.affiliation: e Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rega
authors.affiliation: e Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kazan
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neuroscience , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Giovannucci
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Toledo , Toledo , OH , USA.
authors.forename: Dragan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Isailovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010865:Pilot Projects; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D055333:Salivary Cystatins / Q000032:analysis; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism*; D055815:Young Adult; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D055333:Salivary Cystatins; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; D000516:alpha-Amylases
keywords: Saliva; amylase; cystatins; gel electrophoresis; mass spectrometry; stress