title: Overexpression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 protein predicts shorter survival in metastatic bladder cancer patients treated with gemcitabine-containing combination chemotherapy.
abstract: To identify biomarkers predicting prognosis in bladder cancer patients undergoing the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen.
  
  
  
  We studied 52 patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen by evaluating the relationship between the expression of two biomarkers, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 and excision repair cross complementing 1, by immunohistochemistry and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  
  The patients with low expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 showed a higher objective response rate by the gemcitabine and cisplatin regimen than those with high expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (80.0% and 45.5%, respectively). No differences were observed according to the expression level of excision repair cross complementing 1. Low expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival compared with the high expression group. Low expression of excision repair cross complementing 1 tended to prolong overall survival and progression-free survival, but there were no significant differences (P = 0.07 and 0.10, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 was the only independent prognostic factor (P = 0.012).
  
  
  
  The expressions of ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 seem to be associated with clinical response and survival in patients with metastatic bladder cancer treated with gemcitabine and cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nagahide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohjimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kikkawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iba
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kinan Hospital, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D016019:Survival Analysis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C475286:RRM1 protein, human; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine
keywords: biomarker; bladder cancer; chemotherapy; excision repair cross complementing 1; ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1