title: Blood Oxygenation Level-dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Breast Cancer: Correlation with Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) is a functional MRI technique which involves using the paramagnetic properties of deoxyhemoglobin to image the local tissue oxygen concentration. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BOLD-MRI could evaluate hypoxia and angiogenesis of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight female patients with IDC were retrospectively included in this research. All patients underwent breast BOLD-MRI at 3.0 T before surgery. R2* values of BOLD-MRI were measured. The expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to correlate R2* value with CA IX and VEGF levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heterogeneous intensity on BOLD-MRI images was the main finding of IDCs. The mean R2* value was 52.8 ± 18.6 Hz. The R2* values in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than the R2* values in patients without axillary lymph node metastasis (t = 2.882, P= 0.005). R2* values increased with CA IX level and positively correlated with the level of CA IX (r = 0.616, P< 0.001); however, R2* value had no significantly correlation with the level of VEGF (r = 0.110, P= 0.281).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BOLD-MRI could noninvasively evaluate chronic hypoxia of IDC, but not angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
authors.forename: Mu-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000071231:Carbonic Anhydrase IX; D010100:Oxygen