title: The improvement in walking speed induced by resistance training is associated with increased muscular strength but not skeletal muscle mass in older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to analyze whether improvements in fast walking speed induced by resistance training (RT) are associated with changes in body composition, muscle quality, and muscular strength in older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three healthy older women (69.6 ± 6.4 years, 64.95 ± 12.9 kg, 1.55 ± 0.07 m, 27.06 ± 4.6 kg/m²) performed a RT program for 8 weeks consisting of 8 exercises for the whole body, 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, 3 times a week. Anthropometric, body composition (fat-free mass [FFM], skeletal muscle mass [SMM], legs lean soft tissue [LLST], fat mass), knee extension muscular strength (KE1RM), muscle quality index (MQI [KE1RM/LLST]), and 10-meter walking test (10-MWT) were performed before and after the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant (P < .05) changes were observed from pre- to post-training for FFM (+1.6%), MQI (+7.2%), SMM (+2.4%), LLST (+1.8%), KE1RM (+8.6%), fat mass (-1.4%), and time to perform 10-MWT (-3.7%). The percentage change in 10-MWT was significantly associated with percentage change in MQI (r = -0.46, P = .04) and KE1RM (r = -0.45, P = .04), however not associated percentage of changes in SMM (r = 0.01, P = .97), LLST (r = -0.22, P = .33), and body fat (r = 0.10, P = .66).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that the improvement in the 10-MWT after an 8-week RT program is associated with increases in lower limb muscular strength and muscle quality, but not with muscle mass or body fat changes in older women.
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.|b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alex S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: c Exercise Science Department , CUNY Lehman College , Bronx , NY , USA.
authors.forename: Brad J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Matheus A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Crisieli M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tomeleri
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Mariana F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: b Center for Research in Health Sciences , University of Northern Paraná , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Fábio L C
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.affiliation: a Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise , Londrina State University , Londrina , Paraná , Brazil.
authors.forename: Edilson S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cyrino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D053580:Muscle Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D055070:Resistance Training / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000072797:Walking Speed / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Aging; functional capacity; resistance exercises; strength training