title: Auditory Alterations in Children Infected by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Verified Through Auditory Processing Test.
abstract: IntroductionThe auditory system of HIV-positive children may have deficits at various levels, such as the high incidence of problems in the middle ear that can cause hearing loss.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to characterize the development of children infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the Simplified Auditory Processing Test (SAPT) and the Staggered Spondaic Word Test.MethodsWe performed behavioral tests composed of the Simplified Auditory Processing Test and the Portuguese version of the Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW). The participants were 15 children infected by HIV, all using antiretroviral medication.ResultsThe children had abnormal auditory processing verified by Simplified Auditory Processing Test and the Portuguese version of SSW. In the Simplified Auditory Processing Test, 60% of the children presented hearing impairment. In the SAPT, the memory test for verbal sounds showed more errors (53.33%); whereas in SSW, 86.67% of the children showed deficiencies indicating deficit in figure-ground, attention, and memory auditory skills. Furthermore, there are more errors in conditions of background noise in both age groups, where most errors were in the left ear in the Group of 8-year-olds, with similar results for the group aged 9 years.ConclusionThe high incidence of hearing loss in children with HIV and comorbidity with several biological and environmental factors indicate the need for: 1) familiar and professional awareness of the impact on auditory alteration on the developing and learning of the children with HIV, and 2) access to educational plans and follow-up with multidisciplinary teams as early as possible to minimize the damage caused by auditory deficits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonoaudiology, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carla Leite
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonoaudiology, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lívia Marangoni
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Alfaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alina Sanches
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gonçales
authors.affiliation: Department of Phonoaudiology, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Claudia Figueiredo
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Frizzo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Myriam de Lima
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Isaac
keywords: HIV; child; hearing