title: The Role of Elements in Anxiety.
abstract: Elements (bioelements) are necessary factors required for the physiological function of organisms. They are critically involved in fundamental processes of life. Extra- and intracellular message and metabolic pathway factors as well as structural components include one or many elements in their functional structure. Recent years have seen an intensification in terms of knowledge gained about the roles of elements in anxiety disorders. In this chapter we present a review of the most important current data concerning the involvement of zinc, magnesium, copper, lithium, iron, and manganese, and their deficiency, in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: katarzyna.mlyniec@uj.edu.pl.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Młyniec
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gaweł
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Doboszewska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Starowicz
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003677:Deficiency Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D008274:Magnesium; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Anxiety; Copper; GPR39; Iron; Lithium; Magnesium; Manganese; NMDA; Zinc