title: A specific immune tolerance toward offspring cells is to exist after the mother lymphocyte infusion.
abstract: To examine immune tolerance between maternal lymphocytes and offspring tissue after a donor lymphocyte infusion.
  
  
  
  Mouse models were established by mating female BALB/c mice with male C57BL mice. Splenic lymphocytes from donors of different genetic backgrounds were labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), and 1×107of the labeled cells were intravenously injected into a recipient. At 6h, 24h, 72h and 120h after the infusion, mononuclear cells in recipient spleen, liver, thymus, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were collected. CFSE+, CFSE-, CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, CD19+, NK1.1+, CD25+, and CD127+ lymphocytes in those samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. The distribution of donor T cells, B cells, NK cells, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and recipient regulatory T cells in the tissues were then analyzed.
  
  
  
  Maternal lymphocytes were more likely to survive in offspring. At 120h after infusion, the percentages of maternal cells in the offspring were 0.52±0.11% in lymph nodes, 0.97±0.04% in peripheral blood, and 0.97±0.11% in the spleen. Few donor cells, if any, were detected in these tissues at 120h after aunt to child, father to child, and unrelated allogeneic infusions were performed. The subtype proportion of donor lymphocytes changed significantly in the recipient tissues. Recipient Treg cells increased in the mother to child group, but not in the aunt to child, father to child, and unrelated allogeneic groups, suggesting a decreased cellular immune response to allogeneic cells in the mother to child group. At 120h after the infusion, no donor cells were detected in the recipient livers and thymuses of all groups, implying that donor cells were barely able to colonize in the liver and thymus.
  
  
  
  Specific immune tolerance to maternal lymphocytes exists in offspring. An infusion of maternal donor lymphocytes may produce a relatively persistent effect of adoptive immunotherapy with reduced side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: Haizhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Shiqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Cancer, Beijing Aerospace General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Xueqiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Electronic address: zhuping@bjmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Adoptive lymphocyte infusion; Noninherited maternal antigens; Specific immune tolerance