title: Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Elderflowers on Glucose- and Fatty Acid Uptake in Human Myotubes and HepG2-Cells.
abstract: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is manifested by progressive metabolic impairments in tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, and these tissues become less responsive to insulin, leading to hyperglycemia. In the present study, stimulation of glucose and oleic acid uptake by elderflower extracts, constituents and metabolites were tested in vitro using the HepG2 hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line and human skeletal muscle cells. Among the crude extracts, the 96% EtOH extract showed the highest increase in glucose and oleic acid uptake in human skeletal muscle cells and HepG2-cells. The flavonoids and phenolic acids contained therein were potent stimulators of glucose and fatty acid uptake in a dose-dependent manner. Most of the phenolic constituents and several of the metabolites showed high antioxidant activity and showed considerably higher α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition than acarbose. Elderflower might therefore be valuable as a functional food against diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. g.t.t.ho@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Giang Thanh Thi
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. e.t.kase@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Eili Tranheim
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. helle.wangensteen@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wangensteen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. hilde.barsett@farmasi.uio.no.
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barsett
mesh_terms: D020909:Acarbose / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D027924:Sambucus nigra / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D000516:alpha-Amylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D019301:Oleic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; D000516:alpha-Amylases; D000520:alpha-Glucosidases; D005947:Glucose; D020909:Acarbose
keywords: HepG2-cell; Sambucus nigra; antioxidant; elderflower; glucose uptake; human skeletal muscle; metabolic disorder; oleic acid uptake; type 2 diabetes