title: Serious Games for Health: The Potential of Metadata.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous serious games and health games exist, either as commercial products (typically with a focus on entertaining a broad user group) or smaller games and game prototypes, often resulting from research projects (typically tailored to a smaller user group with a specific health characteristic). A major drawback of existing health games is that they are not very well described and attributed with (machine-readable, quantitative, and qualitative) metadata such as the characterizing goal of the game, the target user group, or expected health effects well proven in scientific studies. This makes it difficult or even impossible for end users to find and select the most appropriate game for a specific situation (e.g., health needs). Therefore, the aim of this article was to motivate the need and potential/benefit of metadata for the description and retrieval of health games and to describe a descriptive model for the qualitative description of games for health. It was not the aim of the article to describe a stable, running system (portal) for health games. This will be addressed in future work.
  
  
  METHODS
  Building on previous work toward a metadata format for serious games, a descriptive model for the formal description of games for health is introduced. For the conceptualization of this model, classification schemata of different existing health game repositories are considered. The classification schema consists of three levels: a core set of mandatory descriptive fields relevant for all games for health application areas, a detailed level with more comprehensive, optional information about the games, and so-called extension as level three with specific descriptive elements relevant for dedicated health games application areas, for example, cardio training.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A metadata format provides a technical framework to describe, find, and select appropriate health games matching the needs of the end user. Future steps to improve, apply, and promote the metadata format in the health games market are discussed.
authors.affiliation: 1 Multimedia Communications Lab-KOM, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany .
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University , Burwood, Australia .
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maddison
mesh_terms: D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D000071253:Metadata / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011634:Public Health / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D012984:Software; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards
keywords: Health games; Metadata; Metadata format; Serious games