title: Application of dispersive liquid-liquid-solidified floating organic drop microextraction and ETAAS for the preconcentration and determination of indium.
abstract: A new, simple and efficient method, including dispersive liquid-liquid-solidified floating organic drop microextraction and then electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, has been developed for the preconcentration and determination of ultratrace amounts of indium. The method was applied to preconcentrate the indium-1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol complex in 25 μL 1-undecanol. The various factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as pH, type and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample volume, ionic strength, and ligand concentration, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, an enrichment factor of 62.5, precision of ±4.75%, a detection limit of 55.6 ng L-1, and for the calibration graph a linear range of 96.0-3360 ng L-1were obtained. The method was used for the extraction and determination of indium in water and standard samples with satisfactory results. Graphical Abstract Preconcentration of indium ions via liquid-liquid-solidified floating organic drop microextraction method and determination by ETAAS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. ashrafzadehelham@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Elham
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashrafzadeh Afshar
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Taher
authors.affiliation: Young Researchers and Elite Club, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fazelirad
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Matin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naghizadeh
keywords: Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction; Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry; Indium; Solidified floating organic drop microextraction