title: Application of HS-SPME-GC-MS method for the detection of active moulds on historical parchment.
abstract: The goal of this work was to analyse the profile of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) emitted by moulds growing on parchment samples, in search of particular volatiles mentioned in the literature as indicators of active mould growth. First, the growth of various moulds on samples of parchment was assessed. Those species that showed collagenolytic activity were then inoculated on two types of media: samples of parchment placed on media and on media containing amino acids that are elements of the structure of collagen. All samples were prepared inside 20-ml vials (closed system). In the first case, the media did not contain any sources of organic carbon, nitrogen, or sulphur, i.e. parchment was the only nutrient for the moulds. A third type of sample was historical parchment prepared in a Petri dish without a medium and inoculated with a collagenolytically active mould (open system). The MVOCs emitted by moulds were sampled with the headspace-SPME method. Volatiles extracted on DVB/CAR/PDMS fibres were analysed in a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of chromatograms were carried out in search of indicators of metabolic activity. The results showed that there are three groups of volatiles that can be used for the detection of active forms of moulds on parchment objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to measure MVOCs emitted by moulds growing on parchment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Commodity Science, Department of Microbiology, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510, Cracow, Poland. tomasz.sawoszczuk@uek.krakow.pl.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawoszczuk
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Commodity Science, Department of Microbiology, Cracow University of Economics, Rakowicka 27, 31-510, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Justyna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Syguła-Cholewińska
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analysis and Non-Destructive Investigation of Heritage Objects, National Museum in Krakow, Piłsudskiego 14, 31-106, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Julio M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Del Hoyo-Meléndez
mesh_terms: D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010209:Paper; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Biodeterioration; Fungi; GC-MS; Historical parchment; SPME