title: Metabolic relationship between diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease affected by Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Association of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) has been well established. Cyclo(His-Pro) plus zinc (Cyclo-Z) treatment ameliorated diabetes in rats and similar improvements have been seen in human patients. Treatment of amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice with Cyclo-Z exhibited memory improvements and significantly reduced Aβ-40 and Aβ-42 protein levels in the brain tissues of the mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Metabolic relationship between AD and T2D will be described with particular attention to insulin sensitivity and Aβ degradation in brain and plasma tissues. Mechanistic effect of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) in decreasing blood glucose and brain Aβ levels will be elucidated. Cyclo-Z effects on these biochemical parameters will be discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stimulation of IDE synthesis is effective for the clinical treatment of metabolic diseases including AD and T2D.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclo-Z might be the effective treatment of AD and T2D by stimulating IDE synthesis.
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343; UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Moon K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343; UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.affiliation: Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, 13651 Willard Street, Panorama City, CA 91402.
authors.forename: Albert M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uyemura
authors.affiliation: VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 16111, Plummer Street, North Hills, CA 91343; UCLA School of Medicine, 1O833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
authors.forename: Dean T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
keywords: Alzheimer's Disease; Cyclo(His-Pro); Diabetes; Insulin degrading enzyme; Metabolic disease; Zinc