title: COPD in a Population-Based Sample of Never-Smokers: Interactions among Sex, Gender, and Race.
abstract: This observational epidemiological study investigates sex/gender and racial differences in prevalence of COPD among never-smokers. Data were derived from the 2012 Center for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The sample consisted of 129,535 non-Hispanic whites and blacks 50 years of age and older who had never smoked. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were conducted, with the latter using a series of logistic regression models predicting COPD status by sex/gender and race, adjusting for age, height, socioeconomic position (SEP), number of household members, marital status, and health insurance coverage. Black women have the highest prevalence of COPD (7.0%), followed by white women (5.2%), white men (2.9%), and black men (2.4%). Women have significantly higher odds of COPD than men. When adjusting for SEP, black and white women have comparably higher odds of COPD than white men (black women OR = 1.66; 99% CI = 1.46, 1.88; white women OR = 1.49; 99% CI = 1.37, 1.63), while black men have significantly lower odds (OR = 0.62; 99% CI = 0.49, 0.79). This research provides evidence that racial inequalities in COPD (or lack thereof) may be related to SEP.
authors.affiliation: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Esme
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9705-6216
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fuller-Thomson
authors.affiliation: Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rachel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2538-582X
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brennenstuhl