title: Screening and prioritization of micropollutants in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities.
abstract: A comprehensive screening of micropollutants was performed in wastewaters from on-site sewage treatment facilities (OSSFs) and urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Sweden. A suspect screening approach, using high resolution mass spectrometry, was developed and used in combination with target analysis. With this strategy, a total number of 79 micropollutants were successfully identified, which belong to the groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), pesticides, phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Results from this screening indicate that concentrations of micropollutants are similar in influents and effluents of OSSFs and WWTPs, respectively. Removal efficiencies of micropollutants were assessed in the OSSFs and compared with those observed in WWTPs. In general, removal of PFASs and PFRs was higher in package treatment OSSFs, which are based on biological treatments, while removal of PPCPs was more efficient in soil bed OSSFs. A novel comprehensive prioritization strategy was then developed to identify OSSF specific chemicals of environmental relevance. The strategy was based on the compound concentrations in the wastewater, removal efficiency, frequency of detection in OSSFs and on in silico based data for toxicity, persistency and bioaccumulation potential.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: mgros@icra.cat.
authors.forename: Meritxell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gros
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jernstedt
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering (SEED), Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Gunno
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Renman
authors.affiliation: Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), C/Emili Grahit 101, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Mozaz
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Haglund
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Patrik L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiberg
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lutz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ahrens
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012722:Sewage / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010575:Pesticides; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Micropollutants; On-site sewage treatment facilities; Prioritization; Suspect screening; Urban wastewater treatment