title: Layer-specificity in the effects of attention and working memory on activity in primary visual cortex.
abstract: Neuronal activity in early visual cortex depends on attention shifts but the contribution to working memory has remained unclear. Here, we examine neuronal activity in the different layers of the primary visual cortex (V1) in an attention-demanding and a working memory task. A current-source density analysis reveales top-down inputs in the superficial layers and layer 5, and an increase in neuronal firing rates most pronounced in the superficial and deep layers and weaker in input layer 4. This increased activity is strongest in the attention task but it is also highly reliable during working memory delays. A visual mask erases the V1 memory activity, but it reappeares at a later point in time. These results provide new insights in the laminar circuits involved in the top-down modulation of activity in early visual cortex in the presence and absence of visual stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DSV/I2BM, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif/Yvette 91191, France.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Kerkoerle
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision &Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5731-579X
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Self
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision &Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.|Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.|Psychiatry Department, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pieter R
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1625-0034
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Roelfsema
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004566:Electrodes; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012438:Saccades; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology