title: Gonyaulax taylorii, a new yessotoxins-producer dinoflagellate species from Chilean waters.
abstract: In summer 2009, during a survey in Bahía Mejillones, a dense bloom of a dinoflagellate from the genus Gonyaulax was detected, as well as the presence of yessotoxin. Phytoplankton samples were analyzed in detail by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the presence of Gonyaulax taylorii. Morphological examination showed that the cells in the bloom fit in Gonyaulax jollifei Murray et Whitting sensu Dodge, subsequently classified as Gonyaulax taylorii by Carbonell-Moore. In this context, some inconsistencies have been found in regard to the holotype; the plate 1"' appears as two plates, 1‴ and 2‴, showing a suture that does not exist in Dodge's figure of G. jollifei, from where the holotype was drawn, nor within the samples collected. Therefore, this plate has been originally described erroneously as two plates named 1"' and 2"' instead of only one named 1‴. After this correction, this species has five instead of six postcingular plates. For this reason, the description of this species must be emended. Phytoplankton net samples were found to contain yessotoxin and homoyessotoxin, with concentrations below 1pgcell-1. The present study identifies, therefore, the dinoflagellate G. taylorii as a new source of yessotoxins.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile. Electronic address: gmalvarez@ucn.cl.
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Álvarez
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Uribe
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regueiro
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigacións Mariñas (Xunta de Galicia), Apto. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.affiliation: Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain. Electronic address: santi.fraga@vi.ieo.es.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraga
mesh_terms: D002677:Chile; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000145:classification* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; C066632:yessotoxin
keywords: Chile; Gonyaulax taylorii; Homoyessotoxin; Mejillones; Yessotoxin