title: Convergence of Multiple MAP3Ks on MKK3 Identifies a Set of Novel Stress MAPK Modules.
abstract: Since its first description in 1995 and functional characterization 12 years later, plant MKK3-type MAP2Ks have emerged as important integrators in plant signaling. Although they have received less attention than the canonical stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), several recent publications shed light on their important roles in plant adaptation to environmental conditions. Nevertheless, the MKK3-related literature is complicated. This review summarizes the current knowledge and discrepancies on MKK3 MAPK modules in plants and highlights the singular role of MKK3 in green plants. In the light of the latest data, we hypothesize a general model that all clade-III MAP3Ks converge on MKK3 and C-group MAPKs, thereby defining a set of novel MAPK modules which are activated by stresses and internal signals through the transcriptional regulation ofMAP3Kgenes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Colcombet
authors.affiliation: Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sözen
authors.affiliation: Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirt
keywords: MKK3 module; mitogen-activated protein kinases; phosphorylation cascade; stress responses; viridiplantae