title: Assessment of formulated amodiaquine microparticles in Leishmania donovani infected rats.
abstract: The aim of this study was to formulate, characterise and evaluate the activity of amodiaquine microparticles against Leishmania donovani. Microparticles were formulated by encapsulating the drug in bovine serum albumin using the spray-dryer method. The microparticles were evaluated for size, zeta potential, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile. The size range of the microparticles formulated was between 1.9 and 10 μm with an average zeta potential of -25.5 mV. Of the expected 20% drug loading, an average of 18.27% was obtained giving an encapsulation efficiency of 91.35%. Pharmacokinetic profile of amodiaquine improved with microencapsulation of the drug with Cmax, AUC0→48and t1//2all significantly higher than amodiaquine solution. Amodiaquine microparticles showed an overall higher bioavailability and hence were more effective in eliminating intra-tissue parasites than the drug solution. It would therefore be expected that the formulated microparticles will be more effective in treating visceral leishmaniasis.
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nettey
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.|b School of Pharmacy, Mercer University , Atlanta , GA , USA.
authors.forename: Grace Lovia
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Allotey-Babington
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Somuah
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: N'guessan Benoit
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Banga
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Barima
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Afrane
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Seth Kwabena
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Amponsah
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Henrietta
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Annor
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darko
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Kwame
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Anoa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aidoo
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Marisa Nyarkoa
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Broni
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sasu
authors.affiliation: a School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana , Legon , Ghana.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyarko
mesh_terms: D000655:Amodiaquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002214:Capsules; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005260:Female; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000187:drug effects*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D002214:Capsules; D000655:Amodiaquine
keywords: Amodiaquine; Leishmania donovani; albumin; microparticles; pharmacokinetics