title: INFLUENCE OF TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DIABETES ON THE COLLAGEN OF CREMASTER MUSCLE IN PATIENTS WITH INGUINAL HERNIAS.
abstract: New findings point out that the mechanism of formation of the hernias can be related to the collagenous tissues, under activity of aggressive agents such as the tobacco, alcohol and diabetes.
  
  
  
  To analyze the collagen present in the cremaster muscle in patients with inguinal hernias, focusing the effect of tobacco, alcohol, and diabetes.
  
  
  
  Fifteen patients with inguinal hernia divided in three groups were studied: group I (n=5) was control; group II (n=5) were smokers and/or drinkers; and group III (n=5) had diabetes mellitus. All subjects were underwent to surgical repair of the inguinal hernias obeying the same pre, intra and postoperative conditions. During surgery, samples of the cremaster muscle were collected for analysis in polarized light microscopy, collagen morphometry and protein.
  
  
  
  The area occupied by the connective tissue was higher in groups II and III (p<0.05). The collagen tissue occupied the majority of the samples analyzed in comparison to the area occupied by muscle cells. The content of total protein was higher in groups II and III compared to the control group (p<0.05).
  
  
  
  The tobacco, alcohol and diabetes cause a remodel the cremaster muscle, leading to a loss of support or structural change in this region, which may enhance the occurrences and damage related to inguinal hernias.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí; SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sérgio Ferreira
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Módena
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology and Basic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí; SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo José
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Caldeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marco Antonio O
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nelson Adami
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Andreollo
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen