title: Synaptic Inputs of Neural Afferent Pathways to Vasopressin- and Oxytocin-Secreting Neurons of Supraoptic and Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nuclei.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons of the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei synthesize vasopressin and oxytocin in response to signals generated by osmoreceptors and baroreceptors and, respectively, by receptors of the nipples and cervix.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the literature identifying relevant articles dealing with synaptic inputs of neural afferent pathways to Vasopressin-and Oxytocin-secreting neurons of SON and PVN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This article focuses on the multisynaptic pathways involved in the regulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An updated topographic description of the afferent pathways involved in the regulation of VPergic and OTergic neurons and their synaptic inputs inducing the stimulus-secretion-coupling has been depicted.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: Vito Angelo
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Giagulli
authors.forename: Brunella
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Licchelli
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iovino
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guastamacchia
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine-University of Bari &#34;Aldo Moro&#34;, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Triggiani
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013495:Supraoptic Nucleus / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D010121:Oxytocin
keywords: Circumventricular organs; forebrain and brainstem afferent pathways; nucleus tracti solitarii; oxytocin; supraoptic
  and paraventricular magnocellular neurons; synaptic inputs; vasopressin.