title: A five-year review of vertical HIV transmission in a specialized service: cross-sectional study.
abstract: Healthcare professionals need to instill the process of prevention, control and treatment of people infected with HIV into care practice. Through maintaining preventive treatment among HIV-infected pregnant women, it has been demonstrated that prophylactic antiretroviral therapy, scheduled cesarean section and the prohibition of breastfeeding significantly reduce vertical HIV transmission. This study aimed to assess the rates of vertical HIV transmission in a specialized service and identify the factors associated with it.
  Cross-sectional study developed at the University Hospital of Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 198 notification forms and medical records of HIV-positive pregnant women and exposed children.
  The vertical transmission rate was 2.4%, and three children had been infected by vertical HIV transmission. The statistically significant risk factor was the use of injectable drugs. Delayed reporting of pregnancy, absence of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, lack of proper prenatal care, incapacity to perform viral load detection tests and CD4+ T cell counts and obstetric and maternal clinical complications were reported.
  The vertical transmission rate was high and the recommended intervention measures were not adopted in full. Adequate prophylactic measures need to be implemented in HIV-positive pregnant women prenatally and during the antenatal, delivery and postpartum periods.
authors.affiliation: PhD. Nurse, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS) Brazil.
authors.forename: Izabel Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: MSc. Nurse, University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Wendel Mombaque Dos
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: PhD. Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria (RS), Brazil.
authors.forename: Stela Maris de Mello
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Padoin
authors.affiliation: PhD. Professor, Department of Nursing, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
authors.forename: Sonia Maria Oliveira de
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Barros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents