title: Influence of climate change on the multi-generation toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus of soils polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes.
abstract: This study aimed at assessing the effects of increased air temperature and reduced soil moisture content on the multi-generation toxicity of a soil polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes. Enchytraeus crypticus was exposed to dilution series of the polluted soil in Lufa 2.2 soil under different combinations of air temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and soil moisture content (50% and 30% of the soil water holding capacity, WHC) over three generations standardized on physiological time. Generation time was shorter with increasing air temperature and/or soil moisture content. Adult survival was only affected at 30% WHC (∼30% reduction at the highest percentages of polluted soil). Reproduction decreased with increasing percentage of polluted soil in a dose-related manner and over generations. Toxicity increased at 30% WHC (>50% reduction in EC50in F0 and F1 generations) and over generations in the treatments at 20 °C (40-60% reduction in EC50in F2 generation). At 25 °C, toxicity did not change when combined with 30% WHC and only slightly increased with 50% WHC. So, higher air temperature and/or reduced soil moisture content does affect the toxicity of soils polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes to E. crypticus and this effect may exacerbate over generations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.h.barmentlo@cml.leidenuniv.nl.
authors.forename: S Henrik
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Barmentlo
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: kees.van.gestel@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Cornelis A M
authors.initials: CAM
authors.lastname: van Gestel
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: jose.alvarez@upct.es.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Álvarez-Rogel
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: nazaret.gonzalez@upct.es.
authors.forename: M Nazaret
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: González-Alcaraz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D057231:Climate Change; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D008906:Mining; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D013030:Spain; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Enchytraeids; Global warming; Mining activities; Physiological time; Soil invertebrates