title: <Original Article>Hypoxia enhances proliferation through increase of colony formation rate with chondrogenic potential in primary synovial mesenchymal stem cells.
abstract: Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage and meniscus regeneration. Use of primary MSCs is the preferable because these cells are safer than cells passaged several times in terms of probability of chromosome abnormalities. The effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of MSCs is controversial and remains unknown in primary synovial MSCs. Primary synovial MSCs were cultured at normoxia or hypoxia, and colony number, cell number, surface epitopes, mitochondria activity, TEM finding, and chondrogenic potential were analyzed. To investigate the effect of hypoxia on attachment of synovial MSCs, cells were cultured at hypoxia for the first 3 days, then cultured at normoxia. To investigate the effect of hypoxia on proliferation, cells were also cultured at hypoxia for the last 11 days. Hypoxia increased colony number and cell number per dish in primary synovial MSCs. Hypoxia did not affect cell number per colony, surface epitopes, mitochondria activity, TEM finding or chondrogenic potential. Hypoxia for the first 3 days did not alter colony number per dish or cell number per dish, while hypoxia for the last 11 days increased. Hypoxia enhanced proliferation through increase of colony formation rate with chondrogenic potential in primary synovial MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muneta
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsukura
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Kunikazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekiya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D016207:Cytokines; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines