title: Assessment of subclinical left ventricular changes in essential hypertensive patients with hyperuricemia: A three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of hyperuricemia (HU) on subclinical changes of left ventricle (LV) function and structure in patients with hypertension (HT) using three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) and to explore the relationships between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) parameters in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients with HU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four age- and sex-matched groups were studied: I: healthy controls, HT- HU- (n = 40); II: HT- HU+ (n = 40); III: HT+ HU- (n = 40); IV: HT+ HU+ (n = 44). Conventional echocardiography and 3DSTE were recorded. Relative wall thickness (RWT) and left ventricular mass index assessed by M-mode echocardiography (LVMi-M) were calculated. 3DSTE parameters including LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF), LVMi-3D, global longitudinal strain (GLS), and global circumferential strain (GCS) were compared. The relationships between SUA levels and 3DSTE parameters were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite LV diameters, LV volumes and EF were similar among groups (all p > 0.05), GLS decreased and LVMi-3D increased from controls (group I) to patients with HU or HT alone (group II or III), and patients with both HU and HT (group IV) (all p < 0.05). SUA levels were significantly correlated with the absolute value of GLS (r = -0.461, p < 0.05) and LVMi-3D (r = 0.504, p < 0.05) in hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients with HU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HU may exacerbate LV systolic dysfunction and remodeling in hypertensive patients, which can be detected by 3DSTE. Early uric acid lowing treatment may be beneficial for hypertensive patients with HU.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Echocardiography , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Echocardiography , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Cuizhen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Echocardiography , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Yongle
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: a Department of Echocardiography , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Minmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rheumatology , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Zhuojun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Rheumatology , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Lindi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: c Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Echocardiography , Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Xianhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D000075222:Essential Hypertension; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009929:Organ Size; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Hypertension; hyperuricemia; left ventricular; speckle-tracking; three-dimensional