title: Boiler Briquette Coal versus Raw Coal: Part I-Stack Gas Emissions.
abstract: Stack gas emissions were characterized for a steam-generating boiler commonly used in China. The boiler was tested when fired with a newly formulated boiler briquette coal (BB-coal) and when fired with conventional raw coal (R-coal). The stack gas emissions were analyzed to determine emission rates and emission factors and to develop chemical source profiles. A dilution source sampling system was used to collect PM on both Teflon membrane filters and quartz fiber filters. The Teflon filters were analyzed gravimetrically for PM10and PM2.5mass concentrations and by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for trace elements. The quartz fiber filters were analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) using a thermal/optical reflectance technique. Sulfur dioxide was measured using the standard wet chemistry method. Carbon monoxide was measured using an Orsat combustion analyzer. The emission rates of the R-coal combustion (in kg/hr), determined using the measured stack gas concentrations and the stack gas emission rates, were 0.74 for PM10, 0.38 for PM25, 20.7 for SO2, and 6.8 for CO, while those of the BB-coal combustion were 0.95 for PM10, 0.30 for PM2 5, 7.5 for SO2, and 5.3 for CO. The fuel-mass-based emission factors (in g/kg) of the R-coal, determined using the emission rates and the fuel burn rates, were 1.68 for PM10, 0.87 for PM25, 46.7 for SO2, and 15 for CO, while those of the BB-coal were 2.51 for PM10, 0.79 for PM2.5, 19.9 for SO2, and 14 for CO. The task-based emission factors (in g/ton steam generated) of the R-coal, determined using the fuel-mass-based emission factors and the coal/ steam conversion factors, were 0.23 for PM10, 0.12 for PM2.5, 6.4 for SO2, and 2.0 for CO, while those of the BB-coal were 0.30 for PM10, 0.094 for PM2.5, 2.4 for SO2, and 1.7 for CO. PM10and PM2.5elemental compositions are also presented for both types of coal tested in the study.
authors.affiliation: a Am-As Corporation , Portland , Oregon , USA.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Tan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: c Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Tongjian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Energy , The Third Research Institute , Tianjin , China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qing
authors.affiliation: e Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey , New Jersey , USA.|f Rutgers University , Piscataway , New Jersey , USA.
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang