title: One-Step Fabrication of 3D Nanohierarchical Nickel Nanomace Array To Sinter with Silver NPs and the Interfacial Analysis.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) nanohierarchical Ni nanomace (Ni NM) array was fabricated on copper substrate by only one step with electroplating method, the unique structure was covered with Au film (Ni/Au NM) without changing its morphology, and in the following step, it was sintered with silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) paste. The structure of the Ni NM array and its surface morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and atomic force microscope. The sintered interface was investigated by SEM, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to analyze the sintering mechanism. The results showed that a metallurgical bond was successfully achieved at 250 °C without any gas or vacuum shield and extra pressure. The Cu substrate with Ni/Au NM array was able to join with the Ag NP paste without obvious voids. Due to the compatible chemical potential between Ag NPs and Ni/Au NM array, the Au element was able to diffuse into the Ag layer with about 800 nm distance. Based on the excellent 3D nanohierarchical structure, the shear strength of Ni/Au NM array was 6 times stronger than the flat Ni/Au coated substrate. It turned out that the substrate surface played a crucial role in improving the shear strength and sintering efficiency. The 3D Ni NM array had achieved an excellent bonding interface and had great potential application in the microelectronics packaging field.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5343-2822
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhongtao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: An
keywords: interface analysis; interface connection; nanojoining; nanomace array; shear strength; silver nanoparticles; sintering