title: The risk factors and pattern of cerebral microbleeds in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported recently and concerned increasingly. Our aim was to investigate the risk factors and pattern of CMBs in patients with PD, as well as the influence of risk factors on the pattern of CMBs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively collected medical and imaging data of 247 patients who underwent brain susceptibility-weighted imaging. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors of CMBs. The frequency and amount of CMBs in different locations between patients with and without risk factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 247 patients with PD, 39 (15.79%) had CMBs, 27 (69.23%) had lobar CMBs, 20 (51.28%) had deep CMBs and 17 (43.59%) had infratentorial CMBs. A history of cerebral ischemic events was independently associated with the presence of CMBs (odds ratio (OR) 4.485 [95% CI 2.150-9.356]; p = 0.000), especially with lobar and deep CMBs. Hypertension and Hoehn and Yahr score were also associated with the presence of deep CMBs. Only white matter hyperintensities were independently associated with the presence of infratentorial CMBs. Compared to patients without risk factors, the frequency of deep CMBs was greater in those with a history of cerebral ischemic events (p = 0.013), while the amount of deep CMBs was higher in those with hypertension (p = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMBs in PD seem to present a lobe-dominant pattern. A history of cerebral ischemic events and hypertension may be two strong risk factors which preferentially influences the pattern of deep CMBs in PD.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.|b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Dian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.|c Institute of Neuroscience , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Chun-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , China.|c Institute of Neuroscience , Soochow University , Suzhou , China.
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Da-Fei
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Neurology , Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Parkinson's disease; cerebral microbleeds; distribution; prevalence; risk factors