title: Development and feasibility testing of the Pediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme.
abstract: Discharge communication is an important aspect of high-quality emergency care. This study addresses the gap in knowledge on how to describe discharge communication in a paediatric emergency department (ED).
  
  
  
  The objective of this feasibility study was to develop and test a coding scheme to characterize discharge communication between health-care providers (HCPs) and caregivers who visit the ED with their children.
  
  
  
  The Pediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme (PEDICS) and coding manual were developed following a review of the literature and an iterative refinement process involving HCP observations, inter-rater assessments and team consensus.
  
  
  
  The coding scheme was pilot-tested through observations of HCPs across a range of shifts in one urban paediatric ED.
  
  
  
  Overall, 329 patient observations were carried out across 50 observational shifts. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated in 16% of the observations. The final version of the PEDICS contained 41 communication elements.
  
  
  
  Kappa scores were greater than .60 for the majority of communication elements. The most frequently observed communication elements were under the Introduction node and the least frequently observed were under the Social Concerns node. HCPs initiated the majority of the communication.
  
  
  
  Pediatric Emergency Discharge Interaction Coding Scheme addresses an important gap in the discharge communication literature. The tool is useful for mapping patterns of discharge communication between HCPs and caregivers. Results from our pilot test identified deficits in specific areas of discharge communication that could impact adherence to discharge instructions. The PEDICS would benefit from further testing with a different sample of HCPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chorney
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry & College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haworth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000359:Aftercare / Q000379:methods*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D059019:Clinical Coding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003142:Communication; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010372:Pediatrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
keywords: behavioural coding; discharge communication; observational study; paediatric emergency department