title: Satellite DNA and Transposable Elements in Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a Dioecious Plant with Small Y and Large X Chromosomes.
abstract: Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is a dioecious shrub commonly used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and environmental industry as a source of oil, minerals and vitamins. In this study, we analyzed the transposable elements and satellites in its genome. We carried out Illumina DNA sequencing and reconstructed the main repetitive DNA sequences. For data analysis, we developed a new bioinformatics approach for advanced satellite DNA analysis and showed that about 25% of the genome consists of satellite DNA and about 24% is formed of transposable elements, dominated by Ty3/Gypsy and Ty1/Copia LTR retrotransposons. FISH mapping revealed X chromosome-accumulated, Y chromosome-specific or both sex chromosomes-accumulated satellites but most satellites were found on autosomes. Transposable elements were located mostly in the subtelomeres of all chromosomes. The 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were localized on one autosomal locus each. Although we demonstrated the small size of the Y chromosome of the seabuckthorn and accumulated satellite DNA there, we were unable to estimate the age and extent of the Y chromosome degeneration. Analysis of dioecious relatives such as Shepherdia would shed more light on the evolution of these sex chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.|Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Janka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puterova
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Razumova
authors.affiliation: Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Martinek
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Oleg
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alexandrov
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Divashuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kubat
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.|Institute of Experimental Botany, Center of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hobza
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Biotechnology, Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.|All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Gennady
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karlov
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kejnovsky
mesh_terms: D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D004276:DNA, Satellite; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018745:Genome, Plant; D031281:Hippophae / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D012730:Sex Chromosomes
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D018744:DNA, Plant; D004276:DNA, Satellite
keywords: chromosomal localization; genome composition; repetitive DNA; sex chromosomes