title: Role of Litopenaeus vannamei Yin Yang 1 in the Regulation of the White Spot Syndrome Virus Immediate Early Geneie1.
abstract: Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional zinc finger transcription factor that regulates many key cellular processes. In this study, we report the cloning of YY1 fromLitopenaeus vannameishrimp (LvYY1). This study shows that LvYY1 is ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, and knockdown of LvYY1 expression by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) injection in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-infected shrimp reduced both mRNA levels of the WSSV immediate early geneie1as well as overall copy numbers of the WSSV genome. The cumulative mortality rate of infected shrimp also declined with LvYY1 dsRNA injection. Using an insect cell model, we observed that LvYY1 activatesie1expression, and a mutation introduced into theie1promoter subsequently repressed this capability. Moreover, reporter assay results suggested that LvYY1 is involved in basal transcriptional regulation via an interaction withL. vannameiTATA-binding protein (LvTBP). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) results further indicated that LvYY1 binds to a YY1-binding site in the region between positions -119 and -126 in theie1promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis also confirmed that LvYY1 binds to theie1promoter in WSSV-infected shrimp. Taken together, these results indicate that WSSV uses host LvYY1 to enhanceie1expression via a YY1-binding site and the TATA box in theie1promoter, thereby facilitating lytic activation and viral replication.IMPORTANCEWSSV has long been a scourge of the shrimp industry and remains a serious global threat. Thus, there is a pressing need to understand how the interactions between WSSV and its host drive infection, lytic development, pathogenesis, and mortality. Our successful cloning ofL. vannameiYY1 (LvYY1) led to the elucidation of a critical virus-host interaction between LvYY1 and the WSSV immediate early geneie1We observed that LvYY1 regulatesie1expression via a consensus YY1-binding site and TATA box. LvYY1 was also found to interact withL. vannameiTATA-binding protein (LvTBP), which may have an effect on basal transcription. Knockdown of LvYY1 expression inhibitedie1transcription and subsequently reduced viral DNA replication and decreased cumulative mortality rates of WSSV-infected shrimp. These findings are expected to contribute to future studies involving WSSV-host interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ping-Han
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Yi
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Si
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan changlk@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Li-Kwan
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D005814:Genes, Viral; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D007313:Insecta; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000821:virology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014779:Virus Replication; D046848:White spot syndrome virus 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor
keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei; TATA-binding protein; WSSV; Yin Yang 1; ie1; transcriptional regulation