title: Bioaugmentation as a strategy for the remediation of pesticide-polluted soil: A review.
abstract: Bioaugmentation, a green technology, is defined as the improvement of the degradative capacity of contaminated areas by introducing specific microorganisms, has emerged as the most advantageous method for cleaning-up soil contaminated with pesticides. The present review discusses the selection of pesticide-utilising microorganisms from various sources, their potential for the degradation of pesticides from different chemical classes in liquid media as well as soil-related case studies in a laboratory, a greenhouse and field conditions. The paper is focused on the microbial degradation of the most common pesticides that have been used for many years such as organochlorinated and organophosphorus pesticides, triazines, pyrethroids, carbamate, chloroacetamide, benzimidazole and derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid. Special attention is paid to bacterial strains from the genera Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brucella, Burkholderia, Catellibacterium, Pichia, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Serratia, Sphingomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Streptomyces and Verticillum, which have potential applications in the bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated soils using bioaugmentation technology. Since many factors strongly influence the success of bioaugmentation, selected abiotic and biotic factors such as pH, temperature, type of soil, pesticide concentration, content of water and organic matter, additional carbon and nitrogen sources, inoculum size, interactions between the introduced strains and autochthonous microorganisms as well as the survival of inoculants were presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. Electronic address: mcycon@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cycoń
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mrozik
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Piotrowska-Seget
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants
keywords: Biotic and abiotic factors; Microorganisms; Pesticides; Soil bioaugmentation