title: Swimming Pool Electrical Injuries: Steps Toward Prevention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrical injuries in swimming pools are an important pediatric public health concern. We sought to (1) improve our understanding of the clinical presentation and outcomes following and (2) describe the epidemiology of swimming pool electrical injuries in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 4 cases of pediatric (<18 y old) electrical injury from a single, urban level 1 pediatric trauma center. We also queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for emergency department visits due to electrical injury associated with swimming pools, occurring between 1991 and 2013.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 566 cases were reported, with a mean (SD) age of 9.2 (4.1) years. Patients were mostly treated and released from the emergency department (91.8%), whereas 8.2% were hospitalized. When stated, injuries occurred most frequently at home (57.0%), followed by public (23.9%) and sports facilities (19.1%). Electrical outlets or receptacles (39.8%) were most commonly implicated, followed by electrical system doors (18.2%), electric wiring systems (17.0%), thermostats (16.3%), hair dryers (4.6%), and radios (4.1%). Pediatric cases represented 48.4% of swimming pool-related electrical injuries reported to NEISS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Electrical injuries occurring in and around swimming pools remain an important source of morbidity and mortality. Although NEISS monitors sentinel events, current efforts at preventing such cases are less than adequate. All electrical outlets near swimming pools should be properly wired with ground fault circuit interrupter devices. Possible approaches to increasing safe electrical device installation are through strengthening public awareness and education of the potential for injury, as well as changes to current inspection regulations.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL.
authors.forename: Cathy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burnweit
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004556:Electric Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013551:Swimming Pools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology