title: Assembly of Ring-Shaped Phosphorus within Carbon Nanotube Nanoreactors.
abstract: A phosphorus allotrope that has not been observed so far, ring-shaped phosphorus consisting of alternate P8and P2structural units, has been assembled inside multi-walled carbon nanotube nanoreactors with inner diameters of 5-8 nm by a chemical vapor transport and reaction of red phosphorus at 500 °C. The ring-shaped nanostructures with surrounding graphene walls are stable under ambient conditions. The nanostructures were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Raman scattering, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jinying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Dingbin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: The School of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chuansheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Hongchu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lihui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongyang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: The School of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.|Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Chun-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Physics and Astronomy Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-2320, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tománek
authors.affiliation: Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niu
keywords: allotropes; carbon nanotubes; nanoreactors; phosphorus; vapor-phase reactions