title: Incommensurate Graphene Foam as a High Capacity Lithium Intercalation Anode.
abstract: Graphite's capacity of intercalating lithium in rechargeable batteries is limited (theoretically, 372 mAh g-1) due to low diffusion within commensurately-stacked graphene layers. Graphene foam with highly enriched incommensurately-stacked layers was grown and applied as an active electrode in rechargeable batteries. A 93% incommensurate graphene foam demonstrated a reversible specific capacity of 1,540 mAh g-1with a 75% coulombic efficiency, and an 86% incommensurate sample achieves above 99% coulombic efficiency exhibiting 930 mAh g-1specific capacity. The structural and binding analysis of graphene show that lithium atoms highly intercalate within weakly interacting incommensurately-stacked graphene network, followed by a further flexible rearrangement of layers for a long-term stable cycling. We consider lithium intercalation model for multilayer graphene where capacity varies with N number of layers resulting LiN+1C2Nstoichiometry. The effective capacity of commonly used carbon-based rechargeable batteries can be significantly improved using incommensurate graphene as an anode material.
authors.affiliation: Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, 2210 S. Brook st., Louisville, KY, 40208, USA.
authors.forename: Tereza M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Paronyan
authors.affiliation: Conn Center of Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Arjun Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.affiliation: ElectroOptics Research Institute and Nanotechnology Center, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Andriy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherehiy
authors.affiliation: Conn Center of Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Jacek B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jasinski
authors.affiliation: Conn Center of Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, KY, USA.|Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: John Samuel Dilip
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jangam