title: Life cycle assessment of rice straw utilization practices in India.
abstract: The aim of this study is to find potential utilization practice of rice straw in India from an environmental perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for four most realistic utilization practices of straw including: (1) incorporation into the field as fertilizer (2) animal fodder (3) electricity (4) biogas. The results show that processing of 1 ton straw to electricity and biogas resulted in net reduction of 1471 and 1023kg CO2eq., 15.0 and 3.4kg SO2eq. and 6.7 and 7.1kg C2H6eq. emissions in global warming, acidification and photochemical oxidation creation potential respectively. Electricity production from straw replaces the coal based electricity and resulted in benefits in most of the environmental impacts whereas use as an animal fodder resulted in eutrophication benefits. The burning of straw is a harmful practice of managing straw in India which can be avoided by utilizing straw for bioenergy.
authors.affiliation: DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
authors.forename: Shveta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Soam
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Energy Systems Studies, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borjesson
authors.affiliation: College of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Village & P.O. Bidholi, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, UA 248007, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
authors.forename: Ravi P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India.
authors.forename: Deepak K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Tuli
authors.affiliation: DBT-IOC Centre for Advanced Bioenergy Research, Research & Development Centre, Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Sector-13, Faridabad 121007, India. Electronic address: kumarr3@indianoil.in.
authors.forename: Ravindra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D056804:Biofuels / Q000032:analysis; D004560:Electricity; D005068:Eutrophication; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000032:analysis; D057232:Global Warming; D007194:India; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D055668:Photochemical Processes; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D056804:Biofuels; D005308:Fertilizers; D016877:Oxidants; D014866:Waste Products
keywords: Animal fodder; Biogas; Electricity; Fertilizer; LCA; Open burning; Rice straw