title: Cumulative Resting Heart Rate Exposure and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: Results from the Kailuan Cohort Study.
abstract: The relationship between cumulative exposure to resting heart rate (cumRHR) and mortality remain unclear in the general population. In the Kailuan cohort study, resting heart rate (RHR) was repeatedly measured at baseline and at years 2 and 4 by electrocardiogram among 47,311 adults aged 48.70 ± 11.68. The cumRHR was defined as the summed average RHR between two consecutive examinations multiplied by the time interval between with two examinations [(beats/min) * year]. A higher RHR was defined as ≥80 beats/min, and the number of visits with a higher RHR was counted. During a median of 4.06 years of follow-up, a total of 1,025 participants died. After adjusting for major traditional cardiovascular risk factors and baseline RHR, the hazard ratio for the highest versus lowest quartile of cumRHR was 1.39 (95% CI: 1.07-1.81) for all-cause mortality. Each 1-SD increment in cumRHR was associated with a 37% (HR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.23-1.52) increased risk of death and displayed a J-shaped relationship. Compared with no exposure, adults who had a higher RHR at all 3 study visits were associated with a 1.86-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.33-2.61) of mortality. In summary, cumulative exposure to higher RHR is independently associated with an increased risk of mortality.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.|Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Quanhui
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haibin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Anxin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.|Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Junxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yanxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Shuohua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Lixin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kailuan Hospital, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.
authors.forename: Shouling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D012307:Risk Factors