title: A Working Model of the Deep Relationships of Diverse Modern Human Genetic Lineages Outside of Africa.
abstract: A major topic of interest in human prehistory is how the large-scale genetic structure of modern populations outside of Africa was established. Demographic models have been developed that capture the relationships among small numbers of populations or within particular geographical regions, but constructing a phylogenetic tree with gene flow events for a wide diversity of non-Africans remains a difficult problem. Here, we report a model that provides a good statistical fit to allele-frequency correlation patterns among East Asians, Australasians, Native Americans, and ancient western and northern Eurasians, together with archaic human groups. The model features a primary eastern/western bifurcation dating to at least 45,000 years ago, with Australasians nested inside the eastern clade, and a parsimonious set of admixture events. While our results still represent a simplified picture, they provide a useful summary of deep Eurasian population history that can serve as a null model for future studies and a baseline for further discoveries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipson
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.|Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.|Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reich
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D005075:Biological Evolution; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D003710:Demography; D051456:Gene Flow / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005828:Genetics, Population / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010802:Phylogeny; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: admixture graph; human history; population genetics