title: Endoscopic findings of dyspeptic patients unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the endoscopic findings of dyspeptic patients unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and analyze if there is any correlation between these findings and dyspeptic symptoms via predetermined inquiry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients between 18 and 45 years of age were selected among those referred to our unit for upper GI endoscopy due to failure to achieve improvement in dyspeptic complaints with PPI. Patients who consent to participate in and eligible for the study were questioned for their symptoms using questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 446 patients with female preponderance (60%) were included in the study. Endoscopic results were listed as: 147 (32.9%) normal, 16 (3.6%) gastric ulcer, 36 (8.1%) duodenal ulcer, 216 (48.4%) gastritis, 7 (1.5%) duodenitis and 24 (5.4%) esophagitis. A total of 122 patients were classified as functional dyspepsia. While incidence of persistent bloating was distinctly higher in patients with gastritis compared to those with normal endoscopic findings (p:0.000), but its incidence was comparable between ulcer and normal patients. No statistical difference was detected between gastritis, ulcer and normal endoscopy patients considering incidence of early satiety. Compared to those with normal endoscopy patients, incidence of epigastric pain was significantly higher among patients with gastritis and ulcer (p: 0.002 and p: 0.000 respectively). Incidence of heartburn was higher in patients with gastritis compared to those with normal endoscopy findings, but it was similar to those with ulcer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most (67.1%) of the patients between 18 and 45 years of age with no alarm symptoms had diagnoses that required use of a PPI. Hence, the patients should be carefully evaluated before referring for endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mestan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Canan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akbulut
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dolapcioglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eyup
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozpolat
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Resat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dabak
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliustaoglu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahishali
keywords: Dyspepsia; esophagogastroduodenoscopy; proton pump inhibitor- treatment