title: The Development of a Cross-Modal Sense of Body Ownership.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the contribution of tactile and proprioceptive cues to the development of the sense of body ownership by testing the susceptibility of 4- to 5-year-old children, 8- to 9-year-old children, and adults to the somatic rubber-hand illusion (SRHI). We found that feelings of owning a rubber hand in the SHRI paradigm, as assessed by explicit reports (i.e., questionnaire), are already present by age 4 and do not change throughout development. In contrast, the effect of the illusion on the sense of hand position, as assessed by a pointing task, was present only in 8- to 9-year-old children and adults; the magnitude of such capture increased with age. Our findings reveal that tactile-proprioceptive interactions contributed differently to the two aspects characterizing the SRHI: Although the contribution of such interactions to an explicit sense of self was similar across age groups, their contribution to the more implicit recalibration of hand position is still developing by age 9.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca.|2 Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan-Bicocca.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca.|2 Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan-Bicocca.|3 Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bolognini
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca.|2 Milan Center for Neuroscience, University of Milan-Bicocca.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001828:Body Image / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D055698:Touch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cognitive development; human body; perception