title: The self-sufficient CYP102 family enzyme, Krac9955, from Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 acts as an alkyl- and alkyloxy-benzoic acid hydroxylase.
abstract: A self-sufficient CYP102 family encoding gene (Krac_9955) has been identified from the bacterium Ktedonobacter racemifer DSM44963 which belongs to the Chloroflexi phylum. The characterisation of the substrate range of this enzyme was hampered by low levels of production using E. coli. The yield and purity of the Krac9555 enzyme was improved using a codon optimised gene, the introduction of a tag and modification of the purification protocol. The heme domain was isolated and in vitro analysis of substrate binding and turnover was performed. Krac9955 was found to preferentially bind alkyl- and alkyloxy-benzoic acids (≥95% high spin, Kd< 3 μM) over saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Unusually for a self-sufficient CYP102 family member Krac9955 showed low levels of NAD(P)H oxidation activity for all the substrates tested though product formation was observed for many. For nearly all substrates the preferred site of hydroxylation of Krac9955 was eight carbons away from the carboxylate group with certain reactions proceeding at ≥ 90% selectivity. Krac9955 differs from CYP102A1 (P450Bm3), and is the first self-sufficient member of the CYP102 family of P450 enzymes which is not optimised for fast fatty acid hydroxylation close to the ω-terminus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Natasha K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Maddigan
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia. Electronic address: stephen.bell@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000201:enzymology*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000737:chemistry*; D004579:Electron Transport; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006418:Heme / Q000737:chemistry; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007700:Kinetics; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry; D009249:NADP / Q000737:chemistry; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D010105:Oxygenases / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072417:Protein Domains; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006418:Heme; D009249:NADP; D002244:Carbon; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D010105:Oxygenases; C019766:benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase; D009251:NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; C052423:flavocytochrome P450 BM3 monoxygenases; D010100:Oxygen
keywords: Alkylbenzoic acids; Alkyloxybenzoic acids; Cytochrome P450 enzymes; Fatty acid oxidation; Ktedonobacter; Monooxygenases