title: Everyday unfair treatment and multisystem biological dysregulation in African American adults.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to unfair treatment or day-to-day discrimination increases risk for poor health, but data on biological stress mechanisms are limited. This study examined chronic experiences of unfair treatment in relation to allostatic load (AL), a multisystem index of biological dysregulation.
  
  
  
  Data are from a sample of 233 African-American adults (37-85 years; 64% women). Perceptions of everyday unfair treatment were measured by questionnaire. An AL index was computed as the sum of 7 separate physiological system risk indices (cardiovascular regulation, lipid, glucose, inflammation, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis).
  
  
  
  Adjusting for sociodemographics, medication use, smoking status, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, lifetime discrimination, and global perceived stress, everyday mistreatment was associated with higher AL.
  
  
  
  The results add to a growing literature on the effects of chronic bias and discrimination by demonstrating how such experiences are instantiated in downstream physiological systems. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development, Cornell University.
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Africana Studies and Research Center, Cornell University.
authors.forename: Ujuonu
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nwizu
authors.affiliation: Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gruenewald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D052636:Allostasis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System; D011287:Prejudice; D063508:Social Discrimination; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires