title: Hydroxytyrosol and the Colonic Metabolites Derived from Virgin Olive Oil Intake Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cells.
abstract: After the sustained consumption of virgin olive oil (VOO), the unabsorbed native phenols (mainly hydroxytyrosol (HT)) are transformed into its catabolites in the intestine by microbials. The role of these catabolites in preventing colon cancer has not been sufficiently investigated. This work aims to study the antiproliferative and apoptotic activities in colon (Caco-2; HT-29) cancer cell lines of the main catabolites detected in human feces (phenylacetic, phenylpropionic, hydroxyphenylpropionic, and dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids and catechol), after the sustained VOO intake. Additionally, an assessment of the ability of these colonic cells to metabolize the studied compounds was performed. The results showed that HT and phenylacetic and hydroxyphenylpropionic acids produce cell cycle arrest and promote apoptosis. HT-29 cells were more sensitive to phenol treatments than Caco-2. In synthesis, the results of the present study represent a good starting point for understanding the potential apoptotic and antiproliferative effects of VOO phenolic compounds and their colonic metabolites.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Lleida , Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria-Carmen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8199-6724
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: López de Las Hazas
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Universitat de Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida) , Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Carme
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piñol
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Lleida , Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macià
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Lleida , Avinguda Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria-José
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3823-3953
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Motilva
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D031658:Olea / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000069463:Olive Oil / Q000378:metabolism*; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000069463:Olive Oil; C005975:3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol
keywords: Caco-2; HT-29; apoptosis; cell cycle; colorectal cancer; hydroxytyrosol; metabolites