title: Mixed-amphetamine salts increase abstinence from marijuana in patients with co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and cocaine dependence.
abstract: The prevalence of ADHD is greater in substance use disorders than the general population, and ADHD and substance use disorders share neurobiological features such as dysregulation of reward circuitry. We tested the hypothesis that stimulants would decrease marijuana use in a randomized controlled trial of extended release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-XR) for treatment of co-occurring ADHD and cocaine use disorders.
  
  
  
  Marijuana users were defined as participants reporting use in the 30 days before study initiation, collected with timeline follow-back. The original 14-week trial utilized a 3-arm randomized design, comparing placebo, MAS-XR 60 mg, and MAS-XR 80 mg. For this analysis, both MAS-XR groups were combined, leaving n = 20 in the placebo group and n = 37 in the MAS-XR group. The primary outcome was proportion of subjects reporting any marijuana use per study week. Comparisons between groups were made using a logistic mixed effects model incorporating multiple predictors and modeling time-by-treatment interactions.
  
  
  
  There were no significant baseline differences in marijuana use frequency and quantity. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of participants using marijuana over time in the MAS-XR group, but no difference in the proportion of marijuana-use days over time.
  
  
  
  Treatment of ADHD and comorbid cocaine use disorders with MAS-XR is associated with increased weekly abstinence from marijuana but not with a decrease in the proportion of marijuana using days per week.
  
  
  
  Stimulant treatment of ADHD and cocaine use disorders may diminish co-occurring cannabis use. (Am J Addict 2016;25:666-672).
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Notzon
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavlicova
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics in Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mahony
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: Division on Substance Abuse, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.|Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Frances R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000661:Amphetamine