title: miRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid identify patients with MS and specifically those with lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that regulate cellular processes by controlling protein translation and mRNA degradation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to explore the miRNA signature of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients versus controls and the possibility that patients with lipid-specific oligolconal IgM bands (LS_OCMB), a predictor of a more severe disease course, may have a distinct profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive profile of 754 miRNAs was evaluated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 14 women using TaqMan low-density arrays. Differentially expressed miRNAs together with others previously identified in the literature were validated in an extended sample of 86 MS patients (39 LS_OCMB+) and 55 controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected higher levels of miR-150 in MS patients and especially in those with LS_OCMB+. Other miRNAs (miR-328, miR-30a-5p and miR-645) were up-regulated in MS patients compared to controls while miR-21, miR-199a-3p, miR-191, miR-365, miR-106a and miR-146a showed down-regulated expression. Considering only patients with LS_OCMB+, we also detected up-regulation of miR-30a-5p, miR-150 and miR-645 and down-regulation of miR-191 compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study confirms the recent findings regarding the deregulated expression of miR-150 not only with MS but also with the presence of LS_OCMB. This study highlights the potential utility of miRNAs in CSF as biomarkers for MS.
authors.affiliation: Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain/Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco José
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ortega
authors.affiliation: Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain/Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Robles-Cedeño
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain/Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.affiliation: Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buxó
authors.affiliation: Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mercader
authors.affiliation: Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: José Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Cermeño
authors.affiliation: Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Neus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pueyo
authors.affiliation: Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Héctor
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Perkal
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
authors.affiliation: Girona Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (UNIEM), Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain/Red Española de Esclerosis Múltiple (REEM), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lluís
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramió-Torrentà
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D035683:MicroRNAs; D043025:Oligoclonal Bands
keywords: MicroRNAs; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid; lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands; multiple sclerosis