title: Lippia origanoides essential oil: an efficient and safe alternative to preserve food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Lippia origanoides essential oil as a preservative in industrial products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The composition, antimicrobial activity, mutagenic and toxic potential of L. origanoides were determined. Then, the effect of essential oil as a preservative in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products was evaluated. The essential oil of L. origanoides consisted mainly of oxygenated monoterpenes (38·13%); 26·28% corresponded to the compound carvacrol. At concentrations ranging from 0·312 to 1·25 μl ml-1and in association with polysorbate 80, the essential oil of L. origanoides inhibited the growth of all the tested micro-organisms. The medium lethal dose in mice was 3·5 g kg-1, which categorizes it as nontoxic according to the European Union criteria, and negative results in the Ames test indicated that this oil was not mutagenic. In combination with polysorbate 80, the essential oil exerted preservative action on orange juice, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, especially in the case of aqueous-based products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lippia origanoides essential oil is an effective and safe preservative for orange juice, pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study allowed for the complete understanding of the antimicrobial action and toxicological potential of L. origanoides essential oil. These results facilitate the development of a preservative system based on L. origanoides essential oil.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-6933
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Taleb-Contini
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.affiliation: Folha Nativa Indústria e Comercio de Produtos Cosméticos, Jardinópolis, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Cestari
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita-Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Espanha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita-Filho", Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Varanda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: K F B
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Camilo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: E Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: França
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M S
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pereira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D003358:Cosmetics; D000081007:Cymenes; D005520:Food Preservatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D032411:Lippia / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000737:chemistry; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D000081007:Cymenes; D005520:Food Preservatives; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010592:Pharmaceutic Aids; D010938:Plant Oils; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; C073316:carvacrol
keywords: 
  Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris
  ; 
  Lippia origanoides
  ; Ames test; antimicrobial; carvacrol; preservative