title: The effect of androgen receptor expression on clinical characterization of metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: In breast cancer (BC), androgen receptor (AR) expression is related to estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PgR) expression. AR expression is an indicator of good prognosis in breast cancer regardless of hormone receptor (HR) status. In this study, we evaluated the effect of AR-related gene expression on clinical characterization of metastatic BC. We performed RNA-Seq to evaluate gene expression using mRNA extracted from 37 patients with metastatic BC. Intrinsic subtype prediction, analysis of differential gene expression, and gene set enrichment pathway analysis were then performed. Metastatic BCs were categorized into three subgroups based on AR, ER, PgR, and HER2 expression. According to this subcategorization, 70 genes including AR, ER, and HER2 were differentially expressed among the three groups. In gene set enrichment pathway analysis, the low AR group was associated with the cell cycle pathway, whereas mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways was prevalent in the high ER and AR group. In survival analysis, a higher level of AR expression correlated with prolonged overall survival in metastatic BC (high expression vs. low expression, median OS 53.1 vs. 27.2 months, p=.001). In conclusion, we propose that AR and AR-related gene expression could be utilized to predict the prognosis of metastatic BC and thus may be useful in treatment planning for refractory BC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyunghee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Eunjin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae Hyun
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seok
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.|Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hyuck
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Im
authors.affiliation: Samsung Genome Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.|Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Woong-Yang
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.|Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.|Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010641:Phenotype; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C410798:AR protein, human; C508053:ERBB2 protein, human
keywords: RNA-Seq; androgen receptor (AR); metastatic breast cancer; prognosis