title: Results of an International Postmarketing Surveillance Study of pl-VEGF165 Safety and Efficacy in 210 Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effective treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia is one of the most challenging issues confronting vascular surgeons. Current pharmacological therapies play an auxiliary role and cannot prevent disease progression, and new treatment methods are needed. pl-VEGF165, a gene therapy drug, was approved in Russia for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after clinical studies in 2011. The study drug is an original gene construction in which pl-VEGF165 1.2 mg is the active substance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This postmarketing surveillance study was undertaken to evaluate the safety (identification of uncommon side effects) and efficacy of gene therapy in patients in routine clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 210 patients with stage II-III chronic limb ischemia (according to the Fontaine classification modified by AV Pokrovsky) in 33 healthcare facilities in Russia and the Ukraine were enrolled in the study. The control group (n = 60) received conservative therapy without prostaglandins and prostacyclins, and the treatment group (n = 150) received treatment with pl-VEGF165 as two intramuscular injections for a total dose of 2.4 mg. Pain-free walking distance (PWD) (the primary efficacy criterion for Fontaine stages II-III), blood flow linear velocity (BFLV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were monitored for 6 months. The safety of pl-VEGF165 gene transfer in terms of the trial protocol was initially evaluated 6 months after the start of the study; adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded during both routine visits and unscheduled requests for medical care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, PWD increased by 177%, from 100.3 ± 6.9 to 277.1 ± 16.2 m (p = 0.0001), in the treatment group, whereas the mean value was unchanged in the control group (p = 0.218). Both BFLV and ABI values increased by 24% (p = 0.0001) in the treatment group but decreased in the control group. The greatest therapeutic effect was observed for stage III disease: PWD increased by 683% (p = 0.0001). No angiogenic therapy-related AEs or side effects were recorded, and target limb salvage was 96 and 97% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The results obtained in this study are not significantly different from those observed in the phase IIb/III registration clinical study completed in 2011.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  pl-VEGF165 intramuscular gene transfer is an effective treatment for moderate to severe claudication due to chronic lower limb ischemia in routine clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369809.
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Bld. 2, 3 Gubkina Str., P.O. box 373, Moscow, 119333, Russia.|Ryazan State I.P. Pavlov Medical University, Ryazan, Russia.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deev
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Bld. 2, 3 Gubkina Str., P.O. box 373, Moscow, 119333, Russia. i.plaksa2014@yandex.ru.|Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia. i.plaksa2014@yandex.ru.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Plaksa
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Bld. 2, 3 Gubkina Str., P.O. box 373, Moscow, 119333, Russia.|Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Ilia
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bozo
authors.affiliation: Human Stem Cells Institute, Bld. 2, 3 Gubkina Str., P.O. box 373, Moscow, 119333, Russia.
authors.forename: Artur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isaev
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055109:Ankle Brachial Index / Q000379:methods; D005121:Extremities / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A