title: Unraveling the different toxic effect of flufenoxuron on the thyroid endocrine system of the Mongolia racerunner (Eremias Argus) at different stages.
abstract: Flufenoxuron is a widely used pesticide to inhibit the synthesis of chitin during insect development and its effect on the growth of lizards has been little addressed. The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis plays an important role on the development of lizards. In this study, the lizards at different development stages (proliferation and resting stages) were exposed to flufenoxuron for 21 days. The plasma thyroid hormone levels, thyroid gland histopathology and expression profiles of thyroid hormone receptors (trα, trβ), deiodinases (dio1, dio2), and transthyretin (ttr) genes were measured to evaluated the toxic effect of flufenoxuron on the HPT axis at different stages. The flufenoxuron exposure showed more seriously effect on the triiodothyronine (T3) level at resting phase than that at proliferation stage. The follicle epithelium cell height in the thyroid was only significantly increased when the exposed male lizards were at proliferation stage. The alteration of HPT axis-related genes expression was gender and tissue dependent after flufenoxuron treatment. The lizards exposed to flufenoxuron showed that the trα, trβ, dio1, dio2, and ttr genes in the female liver were more sensitive at the proliferation stage than that at the resting stage. In the male brain, the expressions of trα, trβ, dio1, and dio2 gene were significant decreased at proliferation stage while significant increased at resting stage after flufenoxuron exposure. Therefore, the thyroid endocrine system of lizards could be affected by the flufenoxuron exposure and the different development stage should also be considered when study the toxic effect of contaminants on the lizards.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan RD 19 A, Beijing, 100049, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Baoyuan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Yinghuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shuangqing RD 18, Beijing, 100085, China. Electronic address: huiliwang@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Huili
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D011228:Prealbumin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D030162:Reptilian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011228:Prealbumin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D030162:Reptilian Proteins; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; C067660:flufenoxuron
keywords: Flufenoxuron; Lizard; Proliferation phase; Resting phase; Thyroid hormone