title: Enhancing Allergen-Presentation Platforms for Sublingual Immunotherapy.
abstract: Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) relies on high doses of allergens to treat patients with type I allergies. Although SLIT is commonly performed without any adjuvant or delivery system, allergen(s) could be further formulated with allergen-presentation platforms to better target oral dendritic cells eliciting regulatory immune responses. Improving the availability of allergens to the immune system should enhance SLIT efficacy, while allowing to decrease allergen dosing. Herein, we present an overview of adjuvants and vector systems that have been, or could be, considered as candidate allergen-presentation platforms for the sublingual route. Such platforms encompass adjuvants capable of stimulating allergen-specific TH1 and/or regulatory CD4+T-cell responses, including 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, glucocorticoids, Toll-like receptor ligands as well as selected bacterial probiotic strains. A limiting factor for SLIT efficacy is the number of dendritic cells capturing the allergens in the upper layers of oral tissues. Thus, adsorption or encapsulation of the allergen(s) within mucoadhesive particulate vector (or delivery) systems also has the potential to significantly enhance SLIT efficacy due to a facilitated allergen uptake by tolerogenic oral dendritic cells.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France. Electronic address: pmoingeon@stallergenes.com.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moingeon
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baron-Bodo
authors.affiliation: Research and Development, Stallergenes Greer, Antony, France.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mascarell
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D009055:Mouth / Q000276:immunology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism; D063729:Sublingual Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C116777:1,25-dihydroxy-16,23-diene vitamin D3; D000485:Allergens; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D002762:Cholecalciferol
keywords: Adjuvant; Allergy vaccines; Delivery system; Immunopotentiator; Sublingual immunotherapy; Vector system