title: Rapid and robust authentication of deer antler velvet product by fast PCR-RFLP analysis.
abstract: Deer antler velvet is widely used as a vitalizing, tonifying, haemopoietic and strengthening agent for debilitated persons in East Asia. To develop a rapid and sensitive method for the identification of the biological source or origin in antler velvet products, a molecular approach was applied using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The cytochrome b gene sequences of nine cervidae species were analyzed, and a Dde I restriction endonuclease recognition site was found only in sika deer and red deer, the official origin of deer velvet in Chinese pharmacopoeia. A specific primer was designed, and rapid PCR amplified products were subjected to restriction digestion using a fast RFLP procedure. Sika deer and red deer showed two bands of 161 and 102 bp, in contrast to the undigested state of 263 from other antlers. The established PCR-RFLP method was applied in commercial velvet products, and a high frequency of substitution (50%) was revealed in collected commercial samples. The method was successful in detecting contaminated and adulterated antler products in Chinese patent drugs, and the whole detection process was accomplished within 1-1.5 h.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs , National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs , National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: b Beijing Medicinal Plant Garden , Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinlei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs , National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs , National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs , National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Luqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D000999:Antlers; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics*; D003670:Deer / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011786:Quality Control
chemical_list: D045303:Cytochromes b
keywords: Cyt b; PCR-RFLP; Deer antler; patent drugs identification; species identification