title: Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in fishponds and their effects on fish tissue.
abstract: Cyanobacteria can produce toxic metabolites known as cyanotoxins. Common and frequently investigated cyanotoxins include microcystins (MCs), nodularin (NOD) and saxitoxins (STXs). During the summer of 2011 extensive cyanobacterial growth was found in several fishponds in Serbia. Sampling of the water and fish (common carp, Cyprinus carpio) was performed. Water samples from 13 fishponds were found to contain saxitoxin, microcystin, and/or nodularin. LC-MS/MS showed that MC-RR was present in samples of fish muscle tissue. Histopathological analyses of fish grown in fishponds with cyanotoxin production showed histopathological damage to liver, kidney, gills, intestines and muscle tissues. This study is among the first so far to report severe hyperplasia of intestinal epithelium and severe degeneration of muscle tissue of fish after cyanobacterial exposure. These findings emphasize the importance of cyanobacterial and cyanotoxin monitoring in fishponds in order to recognize cyanotoxins and their potential effects on fish used for human consumption and, further, on human health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia. Electronic address: biometatandem@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Damjana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drobac
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tokodi
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lujić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1, Gödöllő 2100, Hungary.
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Marinović
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Subakov-Simić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dulić
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Važić
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nybom
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland; Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meriluoto
authors.affiliation: School of the Environment, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Codd
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia; Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6 A, Turku 20520, Finland.
authors.forename: Zorica
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Svirčev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002347:Carps; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000502:physiology*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D061005:Ponds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D055771:Serbia; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins
keywords: Cyanobacterial bloom; Cyprinus carpio; Microcystin; Nodularin; Saxitoxin