title: Aspartate inhibits LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression in skeletal muscle in weaned pigs by regulating Akt, AMPKα and FOXO1.
abstract: Infection and inflammation can result in the rapid loss of muscle mass and myofibrillar proteins (muscle atrophy). In addition, aspartate (Asp) is necessary for protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that Asp could attenuate LPS-induced muscle atrophy in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaning piglets were allotted to four treatments, including non-challenged control, LPS challenged control, LPS+0.5% Asp and LPS+1.0% Asp. On d 21, the piglets were injected with i.p. injection of LPS (100 ug/kg BM) or saline. At 4 h post-injection, blood, gastrocnemius and longissimus dorsi muscles samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. Asp decreased the concentrations of cortisol and glucagon in plasma. In addition, Asp increased protein and RNA contents in muscles, and decreased mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). Moreover, Asp decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα but increased phosphorylation of Akt and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) 1 in the muscles. Our results indicate that Asp suppresses LPS-induced MAFbx and MuRF1 expression via activation of Akt signaling, and inhibition of AMPKα and FOXO1 signaling.
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yulan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weibo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Dingan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pi
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhixiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: 1 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.|2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Chien-An Andy
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D044783:F-Box Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D044783:F-Box Proteins; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000070584:Tripartite Motif Proteins; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D005934:Glucagon; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases; D011494:Protein Kinases; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D000091162:AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: Aspartate; MAFbx; MuRF1; lipopolysaccharide; muscle atrophy; piglets