title: Effects of a diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared with a diet rich in refined carbohydrates on postprandial metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low intake of dietary fibre is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidaemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Knowledge of the impact of dietary fibres on postprandial lipaemia is, however, sparse. This study aimed in subjects with metabolic syndrome to assess the impact on postprandial lipaemia and features of the metabolic syndrome of a healthy carbohydrate diet (HCD) rich in cereal fibre, arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared to a refined-carbohydrate western-style diet (WSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen subjects completed the randomised, crossover study with HCD and WCD for 4-week. Postprandial metabolism was evaluated by a meal-challenge test and insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. Furthermore, fasting cholesterols, serum-fructosamine, circulating inflammatory markers, ambulatory blood pressure and intrahepatic lipid content were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no diet effects on postprandial lipaemia. However, there was a significant diet × statin interaction on total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.002). HCD decreased total cholesterol (-0.72 mmol/l, 95% CI (-1.29; -0.14) P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (-0.61 mmol/l, 95% CI (-0.86; -0.36) P = 0.002) compared with WSD in subjects on but not without statin treatment. We detected no other significant diet effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In subjects with metabolic syndrome on statins a 4-week diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch improved fasting LDL and total cholesterol compared to subjects not being on statins. However, we observed no diet related impact on postprandial lipaemia or features of the metabolic syndrome. The dietary fibre x statin interaction deserves further elucidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark. anneschioldan@dadlnet.dk.
authors.forename: Anne Grethe
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schioldan
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gregersen
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hald
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.|Danish Diabetes Academy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjørnshave
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bohl
authors.affiliation: NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bolette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.affiliation: NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.affiliation: MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stødkilde-Jørgensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kjeld
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hermansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D066273:Diet, Western / Q000009:adverse effects; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004063:Digestion; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019518:Postprandial Period; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000067348:Whole Grains; D014990:Xylans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014990:Xylans; D013213:Starch; C085118:arabinoxylan
keywords: Dietary fibre; Insulin resistance; Lipaemia; Metabolic syndrome