title: The current state of implementation science in genomic medicine: opportunities for improvement.
abstract: The objective of this study was to identify trends and gaps in the field of implementation science in genomic medicine.
  
  
  
  We conducted a literature review using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Public Health Genomics Knowledge Base to examine the current literature in the field of implementation science in genomic medicine. We selected original research articles based on specific inclusion criteria and then abstracted information about study design, genomic medicine, and implementation outcomes. Data were aggregated, and trends and gaps in the literature were discussed.
  
  
  
  Our final review encompassed 283 articles published in 2014, the majority of which described uptake (35.7%, n = 101) and preferences (36.4%, n = 103) regarding genomic technologies, particularly oncology (35%, n = 99). Key study design elements, such as racial/ethnic composition of study populations, were underreported in studies. Few studies incorporated implementation science theoretical frameworks, sustainability measures, or capacity building.
  
  
  
  Although genomic discovery provides the potential for population health benefit, the current knowledge base around implementation to turn this promise into a reality is severely limited. Current gaps in the literature demonstrate a need to apply implementation science principles to genomic medicine in order to deliver on the promise of precision medicine.Genet Med advance online publication 12 January 2017.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Megan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.|Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Muin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D036281:Genetic Research; D023281:Genomics / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care