title: Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: This study explored the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections and its mechanism in vivo and vitro. First, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: a group without PCV2 infection and groups with PCV2 infections at 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg APS treatments. The trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that APS treatments at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the pathological injury of tissues, inhibited PCV2 infection and decreased glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and GADD153/CHOP gene mRNA and protein expression significantly (P < 0.05). Second, a study on endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanism was carried out in PK15 cells. APS treatments at 15 and 45 μg/mL significantly reduced PCV2 infection and GRP78 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). Tunicamycin supplementation increased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly attenuated the APS-induced inhibition of PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid supplementation decreased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly inhibited PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). In addition, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: Con, PCV2, APS + PCV2, TM + PCV2 and TM + APS + PCV2. The results were similar to those in PK15 cells. Taken together, it could be concluded that APS suppresses PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Junfa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Xingxiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
authors.forename: Kehe
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D027883:Astragalus Plant / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D008517:Phytotherapy; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D014415:Tunicamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014415:Tunicamycin; D013655:Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid; C031655:ursodoxicoltaurine