title: Phosphate, phytate and phytases in plants: from fundamental knowledge gained in Arabidopsis to potential biotechnological applications in wheat.
abstract: Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. In plants, P is taken up from the rhizosphere by the roots mainly as inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is required in large and sufficient quantities to maximize crop yields. In today's agricultural society, crop yield is mostly ensured by the excessive use of Pi fertilizers, a costly practice neither eco-friendly or sustainable. Therefore, generating plants with improved P use efficiency (PUE) is of major interest. Among the various strategies employed to date, attempts to engineer genetically modified crops with improved capacity to utilize phytate (PA), the largest soil P form and unfortunately not taken up by plants, remains a key challenge. To meet these challenges, we need a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating Pi sensing, signaling, transport and storage in plants. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on these aspects, which are mainly gained from investigations conducted in Arabidopsis thaliana, and we extended it to those available on an economically important crop, wheat. Strategies to enhance the PA use, through the use of bacterial or fungal phytases and other attempts of reducing seed PA levels, are also discussed. We critically review these data in terms of their potential for use as a technology for genetic manipulation of PUE in wheat, which would be both economically and environmentally beneficial.
authors.affiliation: a Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes , CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UM , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Secco
authors.affiliation: a Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes , CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UM , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bouain
authors.affiliation: a Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes , CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UM , Montpellier , France.
authors.forename: Aida
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rouached
authors.affiliation: b Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.
authors.forename: Chanakan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prom-U-Thai
authors.affiliation: c Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes , Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax , Sfax , Tunisie.
authors.forename: Moez
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hanin
authors.affiliation: d Department of Biotechnology, C-127 , National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute , Punjab , India.
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: a Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes , CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UM , Montpellier , France.|b Agronomy Division, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand.|c Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes , Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax , Sfax , Tunisie.
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-0477
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rouached
mesh_terms: D010832:6-Phytase; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates; D010833:Phytic Acid; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010833:Phytic Acid; D010832:6-Phytase
keywords: Arabidopsis; Crop plants; biotechnology; deficiency; phosphate; phosphorus; phytases; phytate; plant; signaling; transport; wheat