title: Mechanisms involved in antinociception induced by a polysulfated fraction from seaweed Gracilaria cornea in the temporomandibular joint of rats.
abstract: Temporomandibular disorder is a common clinical condition involving pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region. This study assessed the antinociceptive effects of a polysulfated fraction from the red seaweed Gracilaria cornea (Gc-FI) on the formalin-induced TMJ hypernociception in rats and investigated the involvement of different mechanisms. Male Wistar rats were pretreated with injection (sc) of saline or Gc-FI 1h before intra- TMJ injection of formalin to evaluate the nociception. The results showed that pretreatment with Gc-FI significantly reduced formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. Moreover, the antinociceptive effect of the Gc-FI was blocked by naloxone (a non-selective opioid antagonist), suggesting the involvement of opioids selective receptors. Thus, the pretreatment with selective opioids receptors antagonists, reversed the antinociceptive effect of the Gc-FI in the TMJ. The Gc-FI antinociceptive effect depends on the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP/protein kinase G/ATP-sensitive potassium channel (NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP) pathway because it was prevented by pretreatment with inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase enzyme, PKG and a K+ATPblocker. In addition, after inhibition with a specific heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor, the antinociceptive effect of the Gc-FI was not observed. Collectively, these data suggest that the antinociceptive effect induced by Gc-FI is mediated by μ/δ/κ-opioid receptors and by activation NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATPchannel pathway, besides of HO-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chistiane Oliveira
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Coura
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Hellíada Vasconcelos
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Chaves
authors.affiliation: Northeast Biotechnology Network (Renorbio), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle Rocha
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: do Val
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lorena Vasconcelos
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Felipe Dantas
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernanda Maxcynne Lino
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos Lopes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Isaac Fernandes
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Annyta Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Frota
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo Basto
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Orofacial Pain, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Trindade
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Clemente-Napimoga
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Master of Health Sciences Degree Program, Master of Biotechnology Degree Program Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Ceará, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mirna Marques
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bezerra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Electronic address: nmbb@ufc.br.
authors.forename: Norma Maria Barros
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Benevides
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D044724:Gracilaria / Q000737:chemistry*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D059225:Nociception / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D054086:KATP Channels; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D013431:Sulfates; D016753:Interleukin-10; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012701:Serotonin; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D006152:Cyclic GMP
keywords: Antinociception; Seaweed; Sulfated polysaccharide