title: Influences of calcium silicate on chemical forms and subcellular distribution of cadmium in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.
abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of calcium silicate (CS) on the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) in grain amaranths (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Cv. 'K112') grown in a Cd contaminated soil. Results showed that the dry weight and the photosynthetic pigments contents in grain amaranths increased significantly with the increasing doses of CS treatments, with the highest value found for the treatment of CS3 (1.65 g/kg). Compared with the control, application of CS4 (3.31 g/kg) significantly reduced Cd concentrations in the roots, stems and leaves of grain amaranths by 68%, 87% and 89%, respectively. At subcellular level, CS treatment resulted in redistribution of Cd, higher percentages of Cd in the chloroplast and soluble fractions in leaves of grain amaranths were found, while lower proportions of Cd were located at the cell wall of the leaves. The application of CS enhanced the proportions of pectate and protein integrated forms of Cd and decreased the percentages of water soluble Cd potentially associated with toxicity in grain amaranths. Changes of free Cd ions into inactive forms sequestered in subcellular compartments may indicate an important mechanism of CS for alleviating Cd toxicity and accumulation in plants.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Ecological Meteorology Center, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.|Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Huanping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhian
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Jingtao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecology, School of Life Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Yingwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Bi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Yetao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhuang
mesh_terms: D027721:Amaranthus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D018533:Biomass; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017610:Calcium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D002734:Chlorophyll; C031293:calcium silicate