title: Validity and intraobserver reliability of three-dimensional scanning compared with conventional anthropometry for children and adolescents from a population-based cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional anthropometric measurements are time consuming and require well trained medical staff. To use three-dimensional whole body laser scanning in daily clinical work, validity, and reliability have to be confirmed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared a whole body laser scanner with conventional anthropometry in a group of 473 children and adolescents from the Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases (LIFE-Child). Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were calculated separately for sex, weight, and age to assess validity. Overall CCC (OCCC) was used to analyze intraobserver reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Body height and the circumferences of waist, hip, upper arm, and calf had an "excellent" (CCC ≥ 0.9); neck and thigh circumference, a "good" (CCC ≥ 0.7); and head circumference, a "low" (CCC < 0.5) degree of concordance over the complete study population. We observed dependencies of validity on sex, weight, and age. Intraobserver reliability of both techniques is "excellent" (OCCC ≥ 0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scanning is faster, requires less intensive staff training and provides more information. It can be used in an epidemiologic setting with children and adolescents but some measurements should be considered with caution due to reduced agreement with conventional anthropometry.
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Hospital for Children and Adolescents - Centre for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Glock
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogel
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuehnapfel
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Hospital for Children and Adolescents - Centre for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiemisch
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Toralf
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirsten
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Hospital for Children and Adolescents - Centre for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Hospital for Children and Adolescents - Centre for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Antje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.affiliation: LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.|Hospital for Children and Adolescents - Centre for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Wieland
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kiess
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development; D000367:Age Factors; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007834:Lasers; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055105:Waist Circumference; D051598:Whole Body Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D057188:Workflow