title: Comparative effect of grape seed extract (Vitis vinifera) and ascorbic acid in oxidative stress induced by on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to test the beneficial effect of grape seed extract (GSE) (Vitis vinifera) and Vitamin C in oxidative stress and reperfusion injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in coronary artery bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this randomized trial, 87 patients undergoing elective and isolated coronary bypass surgery included. The patients were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 29 each): (1) Control group with no treatment, (2) GSE group who received the extract 24 h before operation, 100 mg every 6 h, orally, (3) Vitamin C group who received 25 mg/kg Vitamin C through CPB during surgery. Blood samples were taken from coronary sinus at (T1) just before aortic cross clamp; (T2) just before starting controlled aortic root reperfusion; and (T3) 10 min after root reperfusion. Some clinical parameters and biochemical markers were compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in tracheal intubation times, sinus rhythm return, and left ventricular function between treatment groups compared with control (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity was higher (P < 0.05) in both grape seed and Vitamin C groups at T2 and T3 times. In reperfusion period, malondialdehyde level was increased in control group; however, it was significantly lower for the grape seed group (P = 0.04). The differences in the mean levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase among the three groups were not significant (P > 0.05 in all cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our patients, GSE and Vitamin C had antioxidative effects and reduced deleterious effects of CPB during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Naser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Safaei
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.affiliation: Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Rasoul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azarfarin
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad-Reza
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jodati
authors.affiliation: Echocardiography Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaghoubi
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sheikhalizadeh
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D001205:Ascorbic Acid