title: Distinct inflammatory gene expression in extraocular muscle and fat from patients with Graves' orbitopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to compare patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) and normal controls with respect to the expression of theNR3C1, CHUK, IKBKB, FOS, NFKBandHSD11B1genes in orbital fat (OF) and extraocular muscle (EOM).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study design was used to evaluate 34 TED patients and 38 healthy controls. OF was harvested from 33 TED patients and 27 controls. EOM biopsies were obtained from 32 TED patients and 18 controls. Samples were examined by real-time PCR and evaluated using appropriate statistical analyses with a significance cut-off ofP< 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NR3C1mRNA levels were higher in TED EOM (median 213 (96-376)) than those in control EOM (78 (34-138)) (P< 0.001), andNFKBexpression was elevated in TED muscle (223 (31-520)) relative to that in control muscle (8 (6-31)) (P< 0.001).HSD11B1expression was higher in TED EOM (0.78 (0.47-2.01)) than that in control EOM (0.22 (0.09-0.51)) (P< 0.001). Levels ofCHUK, IKBKB, andFOSwere higher in TED EOM (115 (20-223), 111 (54-299) and 0.11 (0.03-0.19), respectively) than those in control EOM (5.8 (2-13), 21 (5-52) and 0.05 (0.001-0.03) respectively) (P< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tissues involved in GO exhibited different mRNA levels ofNR3C1, CHUK, IKBKB, FOS, NFKBandHSD11B1. Gene expression in OF was similar for TED patients and controls.CHUK, IKBKB, FOS, NFKB, andHSD11B1mRNA levels were higher in TED EOM than those in control EOM.NFKBwas disproportionally elevated compared withNR3C1; this finding was indicative of a local proinflammatory profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: Ivana Lopes
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Romero-Kusabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology.
authors.forename: José Vital
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Medicine.
authors.forename: Nilza Maria
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Scalissi
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Keli Cardoso
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demartino
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Pediatrics EndocrinologyDepartment of Pediatrics, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.|Molecular Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Physiology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Longui
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine LaboratoryDepartment of Physiology, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Murilo Rezende
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology UnitDepartment of Medicine.
authors.forename: Adriano Namo
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Cury
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*