title: Heterogeneity of airway wall dimensions in humans: a critical determinant of lung function in asthmatics and nonasthmatics.
abstract: Airway remodeling, a key feature of asthma, alters every layer of the airway wall but most strikingly the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer. Airway remodeling in asthmatics contributes to fixed airflow obstruction and can amplify airway narrowing caused by ASM activation. Previous modeling studies have shown that the increase in ASM mass has the largest effect on increasing maximal airway narrowing. Simulated heterogeneity in the dimensions and properties of the airway wall can further amplify airway narrowing. Using measurements made on histological sections from donor lungs, we show for the first time that there is profound heterogeneity of ASM area and wall area in both nonasthmatics and asthmatics. Using a mathematical model, we found that this heterogeneity, together with changes in the mean values, contributes to an increased baseline resistance and elastance in asthmatics as well as a leftward shift in the responsiveness of the airways to a simulated agonist in both nonasthmatics and asthmatics. The ability of heterogeneous wall dimensions to shift the dose-response curve is largely due to an increased susceptibility for the small airways to close. This research confirms that heterogeneity of airway wall dimensions can contribute to exaggerated airway narrowing and provides an actual assessment of the magnitude of these effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; cpascoe@chrim.ca.|Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Chun Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Seow
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Tillie L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|UBC Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and.
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Paré
authors.affiliation: Department of Mathematics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Graham M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Donovan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003710:Demography; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride
keywords: airway hyperresponsiveness; airway resistance; asthma; remodeling