title: Iris metastases from systemic cancer: a report of three cases.
abstract: Ocular metastasis is relatively uncommon, with a reported incidence of approximately 8%, according to the results of autopsy evaluation. The majority of ocular metastases are located within the choroid, while metastatic tumors affecting the iris are rare. Metastatic tumors may manifest as stromal nodules or ill-defined iris thickening, or they may present with nonspecific features such as pain, iridocyclitis, and hyphema. Here, we describe three patients with iris metastasis and discuss the diagnostic challenges and unusual findings associated with these cases.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Oftalmologia, Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Setor de Retina e Vítreo, Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (IBOL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.|Setor de Tumores, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrícia Correa de
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.affiliation: Setor de Retina e Vítreo, Instituto Brasileiro de Oftalmologia (IBOL), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Oswaldo Ferreira Moura
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Brasil
authors.affiliation: Setor de Tumores, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vidoris
authors.affiliation: Setor de Tumores, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melina Correia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morales
authors.affiliation: Setor de Tumores, Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rubens N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Belfort
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015811:Iris Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged