title: Evaluating the Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness of Daily Administered GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in the United Kingdom.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist class has grown in the last decade, with several agents available in the UK. However there is currently a paucity of evidence regarding the relative cost-effectiveness of liraglutide 1.2 mg versus other daily administered GLP-1 receptor agonists, due to a lack of head-to-head trial data. Therefore the present analysis was performed, using results from a network meta-analysis (NMA), to compare the cost-effectiveness of three currently available daily administered GLP-1 receptor agonists for treatment of diabetes in the UK setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A validated and published diabetes model was used to make long-term projections of clinical outcomes and direct costs (2015 GBP) for patients receiving liraglutide 1.2 mg once-daily, exenatide 10 μg twice daily and lixisenatide 20 μg once-daily. Treatment effects were taken from an NMA evaluating the efficacy of GLP-1 receptor agonists and were applied in a cohort based on the Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes 6 (LEAD-6) trial. Costs and utilities were based on published sources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liraglutide 1.2 mg was associated with improved quality-adjusted life expectancy versus exenatide [9.19 versus 9.17 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs)] and lixisenatide (9.19 versus 9.12 QALYs). Improvements were driven by benefits in glycemic control, leading to a reduced incidence of diabetes-related complications. Liraglutide 1.2 mg was associated with reduced costs versus exenatide (GBP 36,394 versus GBP 36,547) and lixisenatide (GBP 36,394 versus GBP 36,496), with cost savings as a result of complications avoided entirely offsetting increased acquisition costs. Based on the projected outcomes, liraglutide was found to be dominant over both exenatide and lixisenatide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Liraglutide 1.2 mg is likely to be considered cost-effective versus alternative daily administered GLP-1 receptor agonists for treatment of type 2 diabetes in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Ossian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Barnaby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: Ossian Health Economics and Communications, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Ltd., Gatwick, UK. daey@novonordisk.com.
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashley
keywords: Cost; Cost-effectiveness; Diabetes mellitus; Exenatide; GLP-1 receptor agonist; Liraglutide; Lixisenatide