title: Electronic Goals of Care Alerts: An Innovative Strategy to Promote Primary Palliative Care.
abstract: Given the shortage of palliative care specialists, strategies are needed to promote primary palliative care by nonpalliative care providers. Electronic reminders are frequently used in medicine to standardize practice, but their effectiveness in encouraging goals of care discussions is not well understood.
  
  
  
  To determine whether brief education and electronic alerts increase the frequency of goals of care discussions.
  
  
  
  All general medicine services at a large academic medical center were included. Each medicine team received brief education on rounds about goals of care communication tool. When a newly admitted patient met predefined criteria, an electronic alert that included the tool was sent to the patient's resident and attending physicians within 48 hours.
  
  
  
  Of 352 admissions screened over a four-week period, 18% met one or more criteria. The combination of alerts and education increased documentation of goals of care in the medical record from 20.5% (15/73) to 44.6% (25/56) of patients (risk ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.23-3.72). There were no significant changes in code status, noncode status limitations in care, or palliative care consultation.
  
  
  
  The combination of brief education and electronic goals of care alerts significantly increased documented goals of care discussions. This intervention is simple and feasible in many settings, but larger studies are needed to determine impact on patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Erin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meisel
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Yevgeniy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gitelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dingfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Casarett
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: nina.o'connor@uphs.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Nina R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006747:Hospital Communication Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010347:Patient Care Planning / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D017010:Reminder Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States
keywords: Palliative care; communication; electronic reminders; goals of care