title: Identification of Host Fruit Volatiles from Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus), Attractive to Rhagoletis zephyria Flies from the Western United States.
abstract: A mixture of behaviorally active volatiles was identified from the fruit of snowberry, Symphoricarpos albus laevigatus, for Rhagoletis zephyria flies reared from snowberry fruit. A nine-component blend containing 3-methylbutan-1-ol (3%), dimethyl trisulfide (1%), 1-octen-3-ol (40%), myrcene (8%), nonanal (9%), linalool (13%), (3E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT, 6%), decanal (15%), and β-caryophyllene (5%) was identified that gave consistent electroantennogram activity and was behaviorally active in flight tunnel tests. In other flight tunnel assays, snowberry flies from two sites in Washington state, USA, displayed significantly greater levels of upwind oriented flight to sources with the snowberry volatile blend compared with previously identified volatile blends from domestic apple (Malus domestica) and downy hawthorn (Crataegus mollis) fruit from the eastern USA, and domestic apple, black hawthorn (C. douglasii) and ornamental hawthorn (C. monogyna) from Washington state. Selected subtraction assays showed that whereas removal of DMNT or 1-octen-3-ol significantly reduced the level of upwind flight, removal of myrcene and β-caryophyllene, or dimethyl trisulfide alone did not significantly affect the proportion of upwind flights. Our findings add to previous studies showing that populations of Rhagoletis flies infesting different host fruit are attracted to unique mixtures of volatile compounds specific to their respective host plants. Taken together, the results support the hypothesis that differences among flies in their behavioral responses to host fruit odors represent key adaptations involved in sympatric host plant shifts, contributing to host specific mating and generating prezygotic reproductive isolation among members of the R. pomonella sibling species complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.|USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA.|USDA-ARS, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Dong H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.|Naturalist-Inspired Chemical Ecology, National Centre for Biological Sciences, GKVK Campus, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560 065, India.
authors.forename: Shannon B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA.
authors.forename: Wee L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA, 98951, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Goughnour
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA.
authors.forename: Glen R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hood
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Cworvallis, OR, 97201, USA.
authors.forename: Monte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattsson
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Western Washington University, 510 High Street, MS 9160, Washington, 98225, USA.
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46656, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Feder
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, NYS Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA. CEL1@cornell.edu.
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Linn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D017753:Ecosystem; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000469:parasitology; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D031240:Symphoricarpos / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000469:parasitology; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000502:physiology*; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Electroantennogram detection; Flight tunnel; Gas chromatography; Habitat choice; Reproductive isolation; Sympatric speciation