title: Effects of a group-focused cognitive behavioral health education program on cigarette smoking in a sample of Nigerian prisoners.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is a learned habit that has an impact on the psychological and biochemical health of individuals. It is the leading preventable cause of chronic illness worldwide. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a group-focused cognitive behavioral health education program (GCBHEP) on cigarette smoking in a sample of Nigerian prisoners.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a pretest-posttest randomized control group design. Twenty inmates were identified through self-reporting, 1-to-1 counseling, and observation. The treatment group took part in a GCBHEP for 10 weeks, while the control group received 10 weeks' conventional counseling. After the intervention program, both the treatment and control groups were evaluated. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for data analysis and partial η was also used as a measure of effect size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings showed that the GCBHEP had a strong effect on cigarette-smoking habits among the inmates in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. The effect of the GCBHEP by age was moderate, and modest by educational qualification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Group-focused cognitive behavioral health education is effective in breaking the habit of cigarette smoking among Nigerian prisoners. Therefore, future researchers are encouraged to adopt this approach in helping individuals with a smoking problem and other drug-abuse behaviors in Nigerian prisons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria University of Nigeria Medical Center Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Quality Assurance Department, National Examination Council, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Kay C N
authors.initials: KCN
authors.lastname: Onyechi
authors.forename: Chiedu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eseadi
authors.forename: Prince C I
authors.initials: PCI
authors.lastname: Umoke
authors.forename: Amaka B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Ikechukwu-Ilomuanya
authors.forename: Mkpoikanke S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Otu
authors.forename: Jaachimma C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Obidoa
authors.forename: Fedinand U
authors.initials: FU
authors.lastname: Agu
authors.forename: Okechukwu O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Nwaubani
authors.forename: Anthonia N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Utoh-Ofong
authors.forename: Chijioke D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ncheke
authors.forename: Felix O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Ugwuozor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000379:methods*; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome