title: Maternal Diet Supplementation with n-6/n-3 Essential Fatty Acids in a 1.2 : 1.0 Ratio Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction in MSG-Induced Obese Mice.
abstract: Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) prevent cardiometabolic diseases. We aimed to study whether a diet supplemented with a mixture of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, during perinatal life, attenuates outcomes of long-term metabolic dysfunction in prediabetic and obese mice. Seventy-day-old virgin female mice were mated. From the conception day, dams were fed a diet supplemented with sunflower oil and flaxseed powder (containing an n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio of 1.2 : 1.0) throughout pregnancy and lactation, while control dams received a commercial diet. Newborn mice were treated with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG, 4 mg g-1body weight per day) for the first 5 days of age. A batch of weaned pups was sacrificed to quantify the brain and pancreas total lipids; another batch were fed a commercial diet until 90 days of age, where glucose homeostasis and glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) as well as retroperitoneal fat and Lee index were assessed. MSG-treated mice developed obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, pancreatic islet dysfunction, and higher fat stores. Maternal flaxseed diet-supplementation decreased n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio in the brain and pancreas and blocked glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, GIIS impairment, and obesity development. The n-6/n-3 essential PUFAs in a ratio of 1.2 : 1.0 supplemented in maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation prevent metabolic dysfunction in MSG-obesity model.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Josiane Morais
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rosiane Aparecida
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2211-3842
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Barella
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Kesia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palma-Rigo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vander Silva
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriel Sergio
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Fabricio
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pavanello
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudinéia Conationi da Silva
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Aparecida
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jesuí Vergílio
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Visentainer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elton Guntendeorfer
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Banafé
authors.affiliation: Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 85902-490 Toledo, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Clayton Antunes
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo Cezar de Freitas
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mathias
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnologia, Genética e Biologia Celular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Cezar
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6489-9348
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira