title: Effects of Different Oral Doses of Sodium Chloride on the Basal Acid-Base and Mineral Status of Exercising Horses Fed Low Amounts of Hay.
abstract: The provision of NaCl, according to current recommendations, to horses in moderate work has been shown to induce immediate postprandial acidosis. The present study aimed to clarify whether this NaCl induced acidosis i) persists beyond the immediate postprandial period, and ii) is still present after a 2 week adaptation period. Six adult warmblood mares in moderate work received daily 1.00 kg hay per 100 kg body weight (bwt) only together with 0.64 kg unprocessed cereal grains/100 kg bwt.d as fed basis. Using a 3x3 Latin Square, either 0 (NaCl-0), 50 (NaCl-50) or 100 (NaCl-100) g NaCl/d were fed together with the concentrates in two equal doses for 3 weeks. During the final week, a mineral digestibility trial was undertaken. The middle sodium and chloride intake (NaCl-50) at least met the most common recommendations for moderate work. Morning (7:00 AM) urine and venous blood samples were collected on days 0, 1-4, 8, and 15, and analysed for pH, acid-base status, creatinine and electrolyte concentrations. Fractional electrolyte clearances (FC) were determined. Mean apparent sodium digestibility ranged between 60-62% whereas chloride digestibility was consistently above 94%. Supplementing 100 g but not 50 g of NaCl resulted in significant reduction of blood pH and base excess as well as urinary pH and urine acid excretion. Both 50 g and 100 g NaCl supplementation caused a significant reduction in base and net acid-base excretion, urine density and potassium concentration, but increased urine sodium concentration and the FC of sodium and chloride (P < 0.05). This suggests that a high proportion of the recommended salt doses is excreted renally. The above effects of NaCl supplementation persisted over the 2 week measurement period. Results suggest that feeding 100 g NaCl to moderately exercising horses results in mild metabolic acidosis, whereas feeding 50 g according to current recommendations resulted in compensated acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeyner
authors.affiliation: Chair for Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.affiliation: Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vernunft
authors.affiliation: Equine Studies Group, Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Worlds, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.affiliation: Chair for Nutritional Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: State Office for Agriculture, Food Safety and Fishery Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiology and Animal Nutrition, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kienzle
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000138:Acidosis; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005243:Feces; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D006109:Poaceae; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000097:blood; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D012982:Sodium, Dietary; D011188:Potassium