title: α-Tocopheryl Phosphate Induces VEGF Expression via CD36/PI3Kγ in THP-1 Monocytes.
abstract: The CD36 scavenger receptor binds several ligands and mediates ligand uptake and ligand-dependent signal transduction and gene expression, events that may involve CD36 internalization. Here we show that CD36 internalization in THP-1 monocytes is triggered by α-tocopherol (αT) and more strongly by α-tocopheryl phosphate (αTP) and EPC-K1, a phosphate diester of αTP and L-ascorbic acid. αTP-triggered CD36 internalization is prevented by the specific covalent inhibitor of selective lipid transport by CD36, sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Moreover, SSO inhibited the CD36-mediated uptake of 14C-labelled αTP suggesting that αTP binding and internalization of CD36 is involved in cellular αTP uptake, whereas the uptake of αT was less affected. Similar to that, inhibition of selective lipid transport of the SR-BI scavenger receptor resulted mainly in reduction of αTP and not αT uptake. In contrast, uptake of αT was mainly inhibited by Dynasore, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, suggesting that the differential regulatory effects of αTP and αT on signaling may be influenced by their different routes of uptake. Interestingly, αTP and EPC-K1 also reduced the neutral lipid content of THP-1 cells and the phagocytosis of fluorescent Staphylococcus aureus bioparticles. Moreover, induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter activity by αTP occurred via CD36/PI3Kγ/Akt, as it could be inhibited by specific inhibitors of this pathway (SSO, Wortmannin, AS-605240). These results suggest that αTP activates PI3Kγ/Akt signaling leading to VEGF expression in monocytes after binding to and/or transport by CD36, a receptor known to modulate angiogenesis in response to amyloid beta, oxLDL, and thrombospondin. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1855-1867, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8345-2616
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zingg
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azzi
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meydani
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology; D000074084:THP-1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014810:Vitamin E; C012552:alpha-tocopherol phosphate; C066638:potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate; D058544:Class Ib Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase; C546760:PIK3CG protein, human; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D001205:Ascorbic Acid
keywords: CD36; EPC-K1; SEC14L2; TOCOPHEROL; TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE; VITAMIN E; cAMP