title: Toxic cyanobacteria and drinking water: Impacts, detection, and treatment.
abstract: Blooms of toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems are a global issue affecting water supplies on every major continent except Antarctica. The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in freshwater is increasing in both frequency and distribution. The protection of water supplies has therefore become increasingly more challenging. To reduce the risk from toxic cyanobacterial blooms in drinking water, a multi-barrier approach is needed, consisting of prevention, source control, treatment optimization, and monitoring. In this paper, current research on some of the critical elements of this multi-barrier approach are reviewed and synthesized, with an emphasis on the effectiveness of water treatment technologies for removing cyanobacteria and related toxic compounds. This paper synthesizes and updates a number of previous review articles on various aspects of this multi-barrier approach in order to provide a holistic resource for researchers, water managers and engineers, as well as water treatment plant operators.
authors.affiliation: Southern Nevada Water Authority, PO Box 99954, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA.
authors.forename: Xuexiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Yen-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Westrick
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Weavers
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Science Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
authors.forename: Dionysios D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dionysiou
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Mouser
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szlag
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. Electronic address: harold.walker@stonybrook.edu.
authors.forename: Harold W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000592:standards*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D060766:Drinking Water