title: Preterm birth and ventilation decrease surface density of glomerular capillaries in lambs, regardless of postnatal respiratory support mode.
abstract: Prematurity is often complicated by respiratory support, including invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and noninvasive support (NIS). Compared with IMV, NIS reduces injury to the lung and brain. Prematurity may also disrupt glomerular architecture. Whether NIS differentially affects glomerular architecture is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that IMV would lead to greater disruption of glomerular architecture than NIS.
  
  
  
  This is a secondary analysis of kidneys from moderately preterm lambs delivered at ~131 d gestation (term ~150 d) that had antenatal steroid exposure and surfactant treatment before resuscitation by IMV. At ~3 h of age, half of the lambs were switched to NIS. Support was for 3 d or 21 d. Structural indices of glomerular architecture were quantified.
  
  
  
  The number of glomerular generations was unaffected by moderate preterm birth and respiratory support, either IMV or NIS. At 3 d and 21 d of IMV or NIS, glomerular capillary surface density was not different. Glomerular capillary surface density was significantly lower in the inner and outer cortex compared with unventilated gestation age-matched or postnatal age-matched reference lambs.
  
  
  
  Moderate preterm birth and invasive or noninvasive respiratory support decreases glomerular capillarization in the lamb kidney. This adverse effect on glomerular development may contribute to increased risk for adult-onset hypertension and renal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Basel UKBB, Basel, Switzerland.|Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Staub
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Mar Janna
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Calan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yost
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Zhengming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.|Division of Neonatology, University of California, Davis, California.
authors.forename: Donald M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Null
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Yoder
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Kurt H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Albertine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002196:Capillaries / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000098:blood supply*; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D047928:Premature Birth; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012306:Risk; D012756:Sheep; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D010100:Oxygen