title: Diabetes mellitus and first episode mania associated with cardiovascular diseases in patients with older-age bipolar disorder.
abstract: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are at high risk for developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) during aging process. However, investigations are lacking regarding the risk factors for CVDs specific to BD patients. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between CVDs and traditional risk factors in association with the characteristics of BD in older age. Totally, we recruited 124 patients with BD-I (DSM-IV) who had at least one psychiatric admission and cardiologist-confirmed CVD diagnosis (ICD-9 code 401-414) at mean age of 61.7+4.9 years. Each case subject was matched with one BD-I patient without CVDs based on age, sex, and date of the most recent psychiatric admission (+2 years). Clinical data were obtained by retrospectively reviewing the medical record. A multiple logistic regression model showed that not only traditional risk factor (e.g., diabetes mellitus) but also non-traditional one associated with BD (e.g., first episode mania) significantly increased the risk of CVDs. Given the limitation of this cross-sectional study, longitudinal investigations are needed to elucidate the contributions of both traditional risk factors and the BD characteristics for CVD risk in patients with BD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: b8601115@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Pao-Huan
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Kang
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shuo-Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Kuang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shang-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shou-Hung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Bipolar disorder; Diabetes mellitus; Hypertension; Ischemic heart disease; Mania; Obesity