title: Austerity and the embodiment of neoliberalism as ill-health: Towards a theory of biological sub-citizenship.
abstract: This article charts the diverse pathways through which austerity and other policy shifts associated with neoliberalism have come to be embodied globally in ill-health. It combines a review of research on these processes of embodiment with the development of a theory of the resulting forms of biological sub-citizenship. This theory builds on other studies that have already sought to complement and complicate the concept of biological citizenship with attention to the globally uneven experience and embodiment of bioinequalities. Focused on the unevenly embodied sequelae of austerity, the proceeding theorization of biological sub-citizenship is developed in three stages of review and conceptualization: 1) Biological sub-citizenship through exclusion and conditionalization; 2) Biological sub-citizenship through extraction and exploitation; and 3) Biological sub-citizenship through financialized experimentation. In conclusion the paper argues that the analysis of biological sub-citizenship needs to remain open-ended and relational in order to contribute to socially-searching work on the social determinants of health.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Box 353550, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. Electronic address: sparke@uw.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sparke
mesh_terms: D001685:Biological Factors; D057172:Economic Recession / Q000639:trends*; D006115:Greece; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D012923:Social Class
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors
keywords: Austerity; Biological citizenship; Embodiment; Neoliberalism; Social determinants of health; Structural violence