title: T-helper 2 cytokine-induced heat shock protein 70 secretion and its potential association with allergic rhinitis.
abstract: Various inflammatory mediators have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of allergic disease (AR). The role of heat shock proteins in AR has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in the nasal lavage fluids of AR patients and controls to elucidate the role of Hsp70 in the pathogenesis of AR.
  
  
  
  Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-8 in nasal lavage fluid from patients were measured and statistically analyzed. Primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) were added to the culture medium. We evaluated the mRNA and protein expression levels of Hsp70 using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay.
  
  
  
  Hsp70 was easily detected in nasal lavage fluid and the levels of Hsp70 were higher in AR patients than in healthy controls. Other clinical characteristics of subjects were not significantly associated with Hsp70 levels. Furthermore, we found that treatment with IL-4 and IL-13 induced the secretion of Hsp70 in human nasal epithelial cells.
  
  
  
  We found that Hsp70 was abundant and positively detected in nasal lavage fluid samples from all subjects, and that Hsp70 levels were significantly higher in AR patients. We demonstrated, both in vivo and in vitro, that Hsp70 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of AR, and we suggest that Hsp70 can be used as a disease marker for AR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joo-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.|The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D005260:Female; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D017817:Nasal Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D018418:Th2 Cells; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins
keywords: Hsp70; IL-13; IL-4; allergic rhinitis; diagnosis