title: History of depression and risk of hyperemesis gravidarum: a population-based cohort study.
abstract: Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a pregnancy condition characterised by debilitating nausea and vomiting. HG has been associated with depression during pregnancy but the direction of the association remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess whether previous depression is associated with HG. This is a population-based pregnancy cohort study using data from The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The study reviewed 731 pregnancies with HG and 81,055 pregnancies without. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between a lifetime history of depression and hyperemesis gravidarum. Odds ratios were adjusted for symptoms of current depression, maternal age, parity, body mass index, smoking, sex of the child, education and pelvic girdle pain. A lifetime history of depression was associated with higher odds for hyperemesis gravidarum (aOR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.23; 1.79)). Two thirds of women with hyperemesis gravidarum had neither a history of depression nor symptoms of current depression, and 1.2% of women with a history of depression developed HG. A lifetime history of depression increased the risk of HG. However, given the fact that only 1.2% of women with a history of depression developed HG and that the majority of women with HG had no symptoms of depression, depression does not seem to be a main driver in the aetiology of HG.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Post Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway. Helena.Kames.Kjeldgaard@ahus.no.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway. Helena.Kames.Kjeldgaard@ahus.no.
authors.forename: Helena Kames
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kjeldgaard
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Post Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway.|Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eberhard-Gran
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, Akershus University Hospital, Post Box 1000, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Campus Ahus, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway.
authors.forename: Jūratė Šaltytė
authors.initials: JŠ
authors.lastname: Benth
authors.affiliation: Domain for Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.|PharmacoEpidemiology & Drug Safety Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nordeng
authors.affiliation: The Intervention Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Åse Vigdis
authors.initials: ÅV
authors.lastname: Vikanes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006939:Hyperemesis Gravidarum / Q000209:etiology*; D009664:Norway; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000523:psychology*; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Hyperemesis gravidarum; Mental health; Nausea and vomiting; Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study