title: Systematic review of field-based physical fitness tests for children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testing physical fitness in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) can be challenging. This review provides an overview on psychometric properties of field-based physical fitness tests studied in children and adolescents with ID.
  
  
  METHODS
  A literature search was performed in March 2014. Studies were included if they evaluated feasibility, reliability and/or validity of a field-based physical fitness test in children and adolescents with ID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six papers met the inclusion criteria and described 18 tests on body composition (4), muscular strength (4), muscular endurance (6), and cardiorespiratory fitness (4). Best results on feasibility, reliability and/or validity were found for bioelectric impedance analysis, body mass index, grip strength, arm hang and distance run/walk tests. These results were mainly found in adolescents with mild to moderate ID.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some tests were found feasible, reliable and/or valid in subgroups of children and adolescents with ID, but not in children and adolescents with all ages and levels of ID. Further assessment is needed before wider application in all children and adolescents with ID.
authors.affiliation: Reinaerde, Europalaan 310, 3526 KS, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Erasmus Medical Center, Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.wouters.2@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Marieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.evenhuis@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Heleen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Evenhuis
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.hilgenkamp@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Thessa I M
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Hilgenkamp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D002648:Child; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability; D053580:Muscle Strength; D010807:Physical Endurance; D010809:Physical Fitness; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D000070857:Walk Test
keywords: Children; Intellectual disability; Physical fitness tests; Review