title: Scaling of titanium implants entrains inflammation-induced osteolysis.
abstract: With millions of new dental and orthopedic implants inserted annually, periprosthetic osteolysis becomes a major concern. In dentistry, peri-implantitis management includes cleaning using ultrasonic scaling. We examined whether ultrasonic scaling releases titanium particles and induces inflammation and osteolysis. Titanium discs with machined, sandblasted/acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces were subjected to ultrasonic scaling and we physically and chemically characterized the released particles. These particles induced a severe inflammatory response in macrophages and stimulated osteoclastogenesis. The number of released particles and their chemical composition and nanotopography had a significant effect on the inflammatory response. Sandblasted surfaces released the highest number of particles with the greatest nanoroughness properties. Particles from sandblasted/acid-etched discs induced a milder inflammatory response than those from sandblasted discs but a stronger inflammatory response than those from machined discs. Titanium particles were then embedded in fibrin membranes placed on mouse calvariae for 5 weeks. Using micro-CT, we observed that particles from sandblasted discs induced more osteolysis than those from sandblasted/acid-etched discs. In summary, ultrasonic scaling of titanium implants releases particles in a surface type-dependent manner and may aggravate peri-implantitis. Future studies should assess whether surface roughening affects the extent of released wear particles and aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eger
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sterer
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liron
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kohavi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: Yankel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gabet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015921:Dental Implants; D012534:Dental Scaling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010012:Osteogenesis; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000209:etiology*; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium