title: Deep grey matter iron accumulation in alcohol use disorder.
abstract: Evaluate brain iron accumulation in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients compared to controls using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).
  
  
  
  QSM was performed retrospectively by using phase images from resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 20 male AUD patients and 15 matched healthy controls were examined. Susceptibility values were manually traced in deep grey matter regions including caudate nucleus, combined putamen and globus pallidus, combined substantia nigra and red nucleus, dentate nucleus, and a reference white matter region in the internal capsule. Average susceptibility values from each region were compared between the patients and controls. The relationship between age and susceptibility was also explored.
  
  
  
  The AUD group exhibited increased susceptibility in caudate nucleus (+8.5%, p=0.034), combined putamen and globus pallidus (+10.8%, p=0.006), and dentate nucleus (+14.9%, p=0.022). Susceptibility increased with age in two of the four measured regions - combined putamen and globus pallidus (p=0.013) and combined substantia nigra and red nucleus (p=0.041). AUD did not significantly modulate the rate of susceptibility increase with age in our data.
  
  
  
  Retrospective QSM computed from standard fMRI datasets provides new opportunities for brain iron studies in psychiatry. Substantially elevated brain iron was found in AUD subjects in the basal ganglia and dentate nucleus. This was the first human AUD brain iron study and the first retrospective clinical fMRI QSM study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: juhas@ualberta.ca.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juhás
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Hongfu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Matthew R G
authors.initials: MRG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Marnie B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: MacKay
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behaviour & Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: Department of Addictive Behaviour & Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wilman
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Serdar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dursun
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Greenshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D018450:Disease Progression; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D066128:Gray Matter / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007501:Iron
keywords: Alcohol use disorder; Brain iron; Deep grey matter; Echo-planar imaging; Quantitative susceptibility mapping; Resting state fMRI