title: Pesticide exposure assessment for surface waters in the EU. Part 2: Determination of statistically based run-off and drainage scenarios for Germany.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In order to assess surface water exposure to active substances of plant protection products (PPPs) in the European Union (EU), the FOCUS (FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe) surface water workgroup introduced four run-off and six drainage scenarios for Step 3 of the tiered FOCUSsw approach. These scenarios may not necessarily represent realistic worst-case situations for the different Member States of the EU. Hence, the suitability of the scenarios for risk assessment in the national authorisation procedures is not known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using Germany as an example, the paper illustrates how national soil-climate scenarios can be developed to model entries of active substances into surface waters from run-off and erosion (using the model PRZM) and from drainage (using the model MACRO). In the authorisation procedure for PPPs on Member State level, such soil-climate scenarios can be used to determine exposure endpoints with a defined overall percentile.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The approach allows the development of national specific soil-climate scenarios and to calculate percentile-based exposure endpoints. The scenarios have been integrated into a software tool analogous to FOCUS-SWASH which can be used in the future to assess surface water exposure in authorisation procedures of PPPs in Germany. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Giessen University, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.affiliation: German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diesner
authors.affiliation: German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany.
authors.forename: Dietlinde
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Großmann
authors.affiliation: Institute of AgroEcology, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany.
authors.forename: Djamal
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guerniche
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hommen
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute of Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Institute of AgroEcology, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kubiak
authors.affiliation: German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.affiliation: RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.affiliation: German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Priegnitz
authors.affiliation: Footways S.A.S., Orléans Cedex 2, France.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reichenberger
authors.affiliation: Institute of AgroEcology, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Institute of AgroEcology, RLP AgroScience, Neustadt/Weinstraße, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trapp
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005858:Germany; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: GERDA; drainage; erosion; exposure assessment; run-off; surface water