title: Defining the Rate of Negative Ureteroscopy in the General Population Treated for Upper Tract Urinary Stone Disease.
abstract: Ureteroscopy is increasingly used to treat upper tract urinary stone disease. A negative ureteroscopy is a ureteroscopy performed with the intent of removing a kidney or ureteral stone, but in which ultimately no stone is removed. Negative ureteroscopy may occur when the stone is found to have already passed, or the presumed stone is found to be outside of the collecting system. We sought to determine the rate of negative ureteroscopy in a large population-based sample as well as factors associated with its use.
  
  
  
  We examined nonpublic data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) Database for all patients in California undergoing outpatient surgery from 2010 to 2012. We identified all patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) diagnosis code for upper tract urinary stone disease, who underwent a ureteroscopic procedure. After excluding patients undergoing second look procedures or who had diagnosis codes for separate urologic pathology, the negative ureteroscopy rate was defined as the proportion of those ureteroscopy cases coded as a diagnostic ureteroscopy. We fit logistic regression models to evaluate patient factors associated with negative ureteroscopy.
  
  
  
  During the years 2010 to 2012, 20,236 eligible patients underwent ureteroscopic procedures for upper tract stone disease. Of these, 1287 patients underwent diagnostic ureteroscopy and 19,039 underwent ureteroscopy with stone removal accounting for a negative ureteroscopy rate of 6.3%. The odds of receipt of a negative ureteroscopy rate were higher in females compared to males (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25, 1.58) and lower in self-pay patients compared with insured patients (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.33, 0.91).
  
  
  
  Negative ureteroscopy is common, occurring in nearly 1 in 16 procedures to treat urinary stone disease.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Remy W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lamberts
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.|2 Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: Simon L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.|2 Division of Urology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Leppert
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.|3 Division of Urology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center , San Jose, California.
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002140:California; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000601:surgery; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: diagnostic ureteroscopy; negative ureteroscopy; nephrolithiasis; renal stone; ureteroscopy