title: Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles usingRhizopus stolonifer.
abstract: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become a necessary field of applied science. Biological method for synthesis of AgNPs byRhizopus stoloniferaqueous mycelial extract was used. The AgNPs were identified by UV-visible spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The presence of surface plasmon band around 420 nm indicates AgNPs formation. The characteristic of the AgNPs within the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure are indicated by the peaks of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern corresponding to (1 1 1), (2 0 0) and (2 2 0) planes. Spherical, mono-dispersed and stable AgNPs with diameter around 9.47 nm were prepared and affirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) shows peaks at 1426 and 1684 cm-1that affirm the presence of coat covering protein the AgNPs which is known as capping proteins. Parameter optimization showed the smallest size of AgNPs (2.86 ± 0.3 nm) was obtained with 10-2M AgNO3at 40 °C. The present study provides the proof that the molecules within aqueous mycelial extract ofR. stoloniferfacilitate synthesis of AgNPs and highlight on value-added fromR. stoloniferfor cost effectiveness. Also, eco-friendly medical and nanotechnology-based industries could also be provided. Size of prepared AgNPs could be controlled by temperature and AgNO3concentration. Further studies are required to study effect of more parameters on size and morphology of AgNPs as this will help in the control of large scale production of biogenic AgNPs.
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: AbdelRahim
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Dammam, 1704, Hafr Al Batin 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sabry Younis
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Dammam, 1704, Hafr Al Batin 319 91, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ahmed Mohamed
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid Salmeen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Almaary
authors.affiliation: Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
authors.forename: Abd El-Zaher M A
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sherif Moussa
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Husseiny
keywords: Nanoparticles; Rhizopus stolonifer; Silver