title: A Cross-Lagged Panel Study of Dissociation and Posttraumatic Stress in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current prospective study assessed the temporal relations between dissociation and posttraumatic stress (PTS) in a sample of treatment-seeking female survivors of childhood sexual abuse. PTS refers to symptoms associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the absence of a clinical diagnosis of PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Initial assessment was on average 23 years after the onset of abuse (N = 405), and participants were followed-up after 6 months (N = 245) and 12 months (N = 119).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicated that dissociative experiences and PTS were highly correlated within each wave of data collection. Cross-lagged panel analysis revealed that at each assessment period dissociative symptoms and PTS levels, respectively, were primarily explained by scores on the same variable at the previous assessment period. Although further reciprocal relations between dissociation and PTS were evident, these associations were relatively weak in magnitude.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current results provide important insights into the temporal relations between dissociative symptoms and PTS. The high correlations between dissociative experiences and PTS several years after trauma exposure have important clinical implications that may affect their treatment and trauma recovery.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern Denmark.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: University of Southern Denmark.
authors.forename: Ask
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elklit
authors.affiliation: Ulster University.
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: National College of Ireland.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyland
authors.affiliation: Ulster University.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shevlin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D054523:Adult Survivors of Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: childhood sexual abuse (CSA); cross-lagged analysis; dissociative symptoms; posttraumatic stress; temporal ordering