title: Economic Evaluation of Pharmacologic Pre- and Postconditioning With Sevoflurane Compared With Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Liver Surgery: A Cost Analysis.
abstract: Pharmacologic pre- and postconditioning with sevoflurane compared with total IV anesthesia in patients undergoing liver surgery reduced complication rates as shown in 2 recent randomized controlled trials. However, the potential health economic consequences of these different anesthesia regimens have not yet been assessed.
  
  
  
  An expostcost analysis of these 2 trials in 129 patients treated between 2006 and 2010 was performed. We analyzed direct medical costs for in-hospital stay and compared pharmacologic pre- and postconditioning with sevoflurane (intervention) with total IV anesthesia (control) from the perspective of a Swiss university hospital. Year 2015 costs, converted to US dollars, were derived from hospital cost accounting data and compared with a multivariable regression analysis adjusting for relevant covariables. Costs with negative prefix indicate savings and costs with positive prefix represent higher spending in our analysis.
  
  
  
  Treatment-related costs per patient showed a nonsignificant change by -12,697 US dollars (95% confidence interval [CI], 10,956 to -36,352; P = .29) with preconditioning and by -6139 US dollars (95% CI, 6723 to -19,000; P = .35) with postconditioning compared with the control group. Results were robust in our sensitivity analysis. For both procedures (control and intervention) together, major complications led to a significant increase in costs by 86,018 US dollars (95% CI, 13,839-158,198; P = .02) per patient compared with patients with no major complications.
  
  
  
  In this cost analysis, reduced in-hospital costs by pharmacologic conditioning with sevoflurane in patients undergoing liver surgery are suggested. This possible difference in costs compared with total IV anesthesia is the result of reduced complication rates with pharmacologic conditioning, because major complications have significant cost implications.
authors.affiliation: From the *Winterthur Institute of Health Economics, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland; †Institute of Anesthesiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; and ‡Institute of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urner
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Twerenbold
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Brügger
authors.forename: Donat R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spahn
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beck-Schimmer
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ganter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane