title: Cytokine profile after oral food challenge in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is supposed to be caused by inflammation, the role of cytokines has not yet been clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the role of cytokines in the development of symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings at an oral food challenge (OFC), changes in serum cytokine levels were analyzed for 6 OFCs in 4 patients with FPIES. The result of OFC was judged positive if any gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms (vomiting, diarrhea, or bloody stool) were induced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 11 cytokines profiled, serum levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-5, and IL-8 were clearly increased in all 4 positive OFCs in which elevations of the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) and peripheral blood neutrophilia were also seen. The level of serum IL-10 also rose in 2 positive OFCs. Remarkable increases in the serum level of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, and IL-12 were observed in a positive OFC where the serum level of CRP rose markedly (6.75 mg/dL). The serum levels of IL-5 were also elevated in 2 negative OFCs. No apparent specific correlations were found between cytokines and GI symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-2 and IL-8 are involved in the antigen-specific immune responses in most patients with FPIES. Further studies are needed to elucidate the significance of these cytokine in the pathogenesis of FPIES.
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: mitsuaki-kimura@i.shizuoka-pho.jp.
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meguro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seto
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D004804:Eosinophils; D005260:Female; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils; D010641:Phenotype; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
keywords: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-5; Interleukin-8; Oral food challenge