title: New model for colour kinetics of plum under infrared vacuum condition and microwave drying.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Quality of dried foods is affected by the drying method and physiochemical changes in tissue. The drying method affects properties such as colour. The colour of processed food is one of the most important quality indices and plays a determinant role in consumer acceptability of food materials and the processing method. The colour of food materials can be used as an indirect factor to determine changes in quality, since it is simpler and faster than chemical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study focused on the kinetics of colour changes of plum slices, under infrared vacuum and microwave conditions. Drying the samples was implemented at the absolute pressures of 20 and 60 kPa, drying temperatures of 50 and 60°C and microwave power of 90, 270, 450 and 630 W. Colour changes were quantified by the tri-stimulus L* (whiteness/darkness), a* (redness/greenness) and b* (yellowness/blueness) model, which is an international standard for color measurement developed by the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE). These values were also used to calculate total colour change (∆E), chroma, hue angle, and browning index (BI). A new model was used for mathematical modelling of colour change kinetics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drying process changed the colour parameters of L*, a*, and b*, causing a colour shift toward the darker region. The values of L* and hue angle decreased, whereas the values of a*, b*, ∆E, chroma and browning index increased during exposure to infrared vacuum conditions and microwave drying. Comparing the results obtained using the new model with two conventional models of zero-order and first-order kinetics indicated that the new model presented more compatibility with the data of colour kinetics for all colour parameters and drying conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All kinetic changes in colour parameters can be explained by the new model presented in this study. The hybrid drying system included infrared vacuum conditions and microwave power for initial slow drying of plum slices and provided the desired results for colour change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza Amiri
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chayjan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosystems Engineering, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alaei
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003890:Desiccation; D005511:Food Handling; D008872:Microwaves; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D000068242:Prunus domestica / Q000737:chemistry*; D014618:Vacuum
keywords: colour change; infrared vacuum dryer; kinetics model of colour changes; microwave dryer; plum slices