title: Aberrant temporal behavior of mismatch negativity generators in schizophrenia patients and subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis.
abstract: Although disconnection syndrome has been considered a core pathophysiologic mechanism of schizophrenia, little is known about the temporal behavior of mismatch negativity (MMN) generators in individuals with schizophrenia or clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis.
  
  
  
  MMN was assessed in 29 schizophrenia patients, 40 CHR subjects, and 47 healthy controls (HCs). Individual realistic head models and the minimum L2 norm algorithm were used to generate a current source density (CSD) model of MMN. The strength and time course of MMN CSD activity were calculated separately for the frontal and temporal cortices and were compared across brain regions and groups.
  
  
  
  Schizophrenia patients and CHR subjects displayed lower MMN CSD strength than HCs in both the temporal and frontal cortices. We found a significant time delay in MMN generator activity in the frontal cortex relative to that in the temporal cortex in HCs. However, the sequential temporo-frontal activities of MMN generators were disrupted in both the schizophrenia and CHR groups.
  
  
  
  Impairments and altered temporal behavior of MMN multiple generators were observed even in individuals at risk for psychosis.
  
  
  
  These findings suggest that aberrant MMN generator activity might be helpful in revealing the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Minah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang Ik Kevin
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngwoo Bryan
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Young
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, SNU-MRC, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: kwonjs@snu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jun Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D063132:Connectome; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Clinical high risk for psychosis; Current source density; Disconnection syndrome; Mismatch negativity; Schizophrenia