title: Clinical effectiveness and safety of low cost versus innovator brand amlodipine in hypertension: A single-blinded, randomized, crossover, noninferiority trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A single-blinded, randomized, crossover, noninferiority trial was conducted to evaluate clinical effectiveness and safety of low-cost brand (LCB) versus innovator brand (IB) amlodipine in essential hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary end-point was change of systolic blood pressure (BP) from baseline to study end. Adult patients with Stage 1 hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension were randomized to receive 5 mg amlodipine LCB or IB once daily for 6 weeks in each period in a 2 × 2 crossover manner with three follow-up visits in each sequence. In 28 evaluable patients, the reduction of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and safety profile between two brands was comparable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lower bound of the 95% confidence interval of the difference in reduction of SBP (-5.04 mmHg) was within the noninferiority margin of 10 mmHg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCB amlodipine is noninferior to IB in terms of BP reduction and is a cost-effective alternative as it is less expensive than IB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Alak Kumar
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, IPGMER and SSKM Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Suparna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: Jyotirmoy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000191:economics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017311:Amlodipine
keywords: Amlodipine; hypertension; innovator; low cost; noninferiority trial