title: Prevention of Evisceration or Enucleation in Endogenous Bacterial Panophthalmitis with No Light Perception and Scleral Abscess.
abstract: Panophthalmitis is the most extensive ocular involvement in endophthalmitis with inflammation in periocular tissues. Severe inflammation of the anterior and posterior segments is frequently accompanied by corneal opacity, scleral abscess, and perforation or rupture. Enucleation or evisceration was the only remaining viable treatment option when all options to salvage the eye had been exhausted. The purpose of this retrospective study is to examine the outcomes of patients with endogenous bacterial panophthalmitis, no light perception and scleral abscess who were treated with multiple intravitreal and periocular injections of antibiotics and dexamethasone. Evaluation included spreading of infection to contiguous or remote sites, following evisceration or enucleation, and sympathetic ophthalmia. Eighteen patients were diagnosed with EBP, with liver abscesses in eight patients, retroperitoneal infection in four, pneumonia in two, infective endocarditis in one, cellulitis in one, drug abuse in one, and mycotic pseudoaneurysm in one. Culture results were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae in 12 patients, Streptococcus spp. in three, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in one, Escherichia coli in one, and Staphylococcus aureus in one. The average number of periocular injections was 2.2, and the average number of intravitreal injections was 5.8. No eye required evisceration or enucleation and developed the spreading of infection to contiguous or remote sites during the follow-up. No sympathetic ophthalmia was observed in the fellow eye of all patients. Prevention of evisceration or enucleation in patients with EBP, NLP and scleral abscess can be achieved by multiple intravitreal and periocular injections of antibiotics and dexamethasone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Po
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Ning
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Nan-Kai
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chi-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Tayouan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tun-Lu
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017234:Eye Evisceration; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010202:Panophthalmitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D034366:Streptococcus anginosus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003907:Dexamethasone