title: Effective Removal of Penicillin from Aqueous Solution Using Zinc Oxide/Natural-Zeolite Composite Nano-Powders Prepared Via Ball Milling Technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The widespread entrance of antibiotics from the pharmaceuticals industry and human medication into aquatic environment increased concern over public health. Due to the importance of the antibiotics removal, a considerable amount of patents reported the conventional methods for the removal of antibiotics from the wastewaters. However, newly of patents reported improvements in the removal capacity. The present study focuses on the removal of Penicillin using a nanocomposite of zinc oxide/natural-Zeolite.
  
  
  METHODS
  A nano-composite of zinc oxide/natural-Zeolite was synthesized by mechanical method. The obtained microstructure was characterized by FE-SEM, XRD, EDX, and DLS techniques. The prepared nanocomposite is used for the removal of penicillin from aqueous solution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two different phases were identified in XRD patterns as hexagonal ZnO and orthorhombic Zeolite with the average crystal size of 86 and 141 nm respectively. The prepared nanocomposite consists of uniform particles with the mean diameter of near 91 nm. The prepared nanocomposite is used for the removal of penicillin from aqueous solution. It exhibited high removal performance in adsorption of penicillin antibiotic. The effects of penicillin concentration, catalyst amount, and pH on the adsorption were studied. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich equations at room temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin constants were determined as -1.93, 410.2, and 3.87 respectively. The adsorption of Penicillin is followed from Freundlich (R2 = 0.979) equation. Adsorption kinetics followed the intra-particle diffusion model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high efficient procedure for the removal of penicillin was developed using ZnO/ natural-Zeolite nano-composite as useful catalysts.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Peyman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khosravian
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghashang
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghayoor
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002384:Catalysis; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D010330:Patents as Topic; D010406:Penicillins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D017641:Zeolites / Q000737:chemistry*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D017641:Zeolites; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Adsorption isotherms; Zinc oxide/natural-Zeolite nano-composite; ZnO.; kinetic study; natural-Zeolite; penicillin