title: Regional adaptation defines sensitivity to future ocean acidification.
abstract: Physiological responses to temperature are known to be a major determinant of species distributions and can dictate the sensitivity of populations to global warming. In contrast, little is known about how other major global change drivers, such as ocean acidification (OA), will shape species distributions in the future. Here, by integrating population genetics with experimental data for growth and mineralization, physiology and metabolomics, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of populations of the gastropod Littorina littorea to future OA is shaped by regional adaptation. Individuals from populations towards the edges of the natural latitudinal range in the Northeast Atlantic exhibit greater shell dissolution and the inability to upregulate their metabolism when exposed to low pH, thus appearing most sensitive to low seawater pH. Our results suggest that future levels of OA could mediate temperature-driven shifts in species distributions, thereby influencing future biogeography and the functioning of marine ecosystems.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3A1, Canada.|Marine Biology &Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calosi
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology &Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.|Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Pattimura, Kampus Poka, Ambon 97233, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Sedercor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Melatunan
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology &Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.|Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 460, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lucy M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9052-9498
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Artioli
authors.affiliation: NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.affiliation: NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Metabolomics Node (NBAF-B), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.|School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Viant
authors.affiliation: Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Widdicombe
authors.affiliation: Marine Biology &Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science and Engineering, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK.
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rundle