title: Macro-scale model study of a tunable drug dispensation mechanism for controlled drug delivery in potential wound-healing applications.
abstract: Auxetic materials tend to exhibit stretching in the direction of the applied load as well as in the perpendicular direction. This may be an inherent property of the material, or it might be a particular structural characteristic that confers it with auxetic properties. In this study, the auxetic properties of a rotating squares auxetic design were utilized in tandem with a stretching mechanism to manufacture a device that offers the advantages of adjustable pore size and hence tunable drug delivery characteristics.
  
  
  
  An auxetic polyurethane film was fabricated through the polymer casting technique. An acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastic mold for polymer casting was made through additive manufacturing. Stereolithography was used for fabrication of the mechanism that controlled pore size of the polymeric auxetic film. A laminate arrangement of the film and the mechanism was devised, through which movement of the mechanism controlled stretching of the auxetic film underneath.
  
  
  
  Results were analyzed through image processing. It was observed that a 2-dimensional increase (in length and width) of the auxetic film took place that corresponded to an increase in pore size of the film. Several mathematical correlations were drawn up.
  
  
  
  It may be concluded that the first factor controlling drug release kinetics is the pore size of the film. This study explored a prototype mechanism that has the potential for being used in devices for controlled drug delivery or in smart bandage systems that may enhance wound healing in chronic wound treatment.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad - Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mariam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad - Pakistan.
authors.forename: Umar
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad - Pakistan.
authors.forename: Murtaza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najabat Ali
mesh_terms: D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000737:chemistry; D001458:Bandages; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002070:Butadienes / Q000737:chemistry; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D065546:Drug Liberation; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D016062:Porosity; D020058:Styrene / Q000737:chemistry; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002070:Butadienes; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D020058:Styrene; C031763:1,3-butadiene; D000181:Acrylonitrile