title: Contribution of ultrasound scans in the first episode of urinary tract infection in children.
abstract: Background - Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common pediatric urologic disorder. After the first urinary tract infection (UTI), imaging studies are recommended, starting with a renal ultrasound (US) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). We propose to determine whether abnormalities found on US can help indicate the necessity of VCUG in children after the first urinary tract infection. Methods - A retrospective study included all children admitted with their first episode of urinary tract infection from January 2007 to December 2012. Results - A total of 311 children were included. The median age was 2.5 years, 72.3% were female. VUR Prevalence was 14%.  Forty-four patients were found to have VUR on VCUG, giving a prevalence of 14%. Of these 44 patients, 11 had grade I reflux, 6 had grade II reflux, 3 had grade III reflux, 15had grade IV reflux, and 9 had grade V reflux. Ultrasound findings were positive for VUR in 43 patients, 19 of them had RVU. Twenty five patients had a normal ultrasound but showed VUR on VCUG (11 had grade I reflux, six grade II reflux, three grade III reflux and five grade IV reflux).  The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in suggesting VUR were 43% and 91%, respectively. The positive predictive value of ultrasound in suggesting VUR was 44%; the negative predictive value was 91%. Conclusion - Renal ultrasound findings are specific for VUR in children with a first UTI, but no sensitive. Clinicians should consider renal ultrasound results to take decision on whether or not to proceed with a VCUG in the investigation of a first episode UTI in young children.
authors.forename: Manel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jellouli
authors.forename: Asma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben Mansour
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abidi
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferjani
authors.forename: Ouns
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Naija
authors.forename: Yousra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hammi
authors.forename: Chokri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zarrouk
authors.forename: Tahar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gargah
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*