title: Community Alcohol Partnerships with the alcohol industry: what is their purpose and are they effective in reducing alcohol harms?
abstract: Local initiatives to reduce alcohol harms are common. One UK approach, Community Alcohol Partnerships (CAPs), involves partnerships between the alcohol industry and local government, focussing on alcohol misuse and anti-social behaviour (ASB) among young people. This study aimed to assess the evidence of effectiveness of CAPs.
  
  
  
  We searched CAP websites and documents, and databases, and contacted CAPs to identify evaluations and summarize their findings. We appraised these against four methodological criteria: (i) reporting of pre-post data; (ii) use of comparison area(s); (iii) length of follow-up; and (iv) baseline comparability of comparison and intervention areas.
  
  
  
  Out of 88 CAPs, we found three CAP evaluations which used controlled designs or comparison areas, and further data on 10 other CAPs. The most robust evaluations found little change in ASB, though few data were presented. While CAPs appear to affect public perceptions of ASB, this is not a measure of the effectiveness of CAPs.
  
  
  
  Despite industry claims, the few existing evaluations do not provide convincing evidence that CAPs are effective in reducing alcohol harms or ASB. Their main role may be as an alcohol industry corporate social responsibility measure which is intended to limit the reputational damage associated with alcohol-related ASB.
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petticrew
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knai
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eastmure
authors.affiliation: Policy Innovation Research Unit, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, LondonWC1H 9SH, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mays
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D003256:Community Participation; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D000066608:Underage Drinking / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006113:United Kingdom