title: Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and there are reports of increasing prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria. This study therefore characterised CVDs risk factors in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes.
  
  
  
  Data from 4 population-based cross-sectional studies on 2447 apparently healthy individuals from 18 - 89 years were analysed. Anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected and classified. Individuals with IFG (prediabetes) and diabetes were merged each for positive cases of dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure (HBP) or obesity. Optimal Discriminant and Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis (HO-CTA) were employed.
  
  
  
  Overall prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 5.8% (CI: 4.9 - 6.7%) and 3.1% (CI: 2.4 - 3.8%), respectively. IFG co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%; CI: 4.1 - 5.8%) was the highest followed by overweight/obese (3.1%; CI: 2.5 - 3.8%) and HBP (1.8%; CI: 1.3 - 2.4%). The predicted age of IFG or diabetes and their co-morbidity with other CVD risk factors were between 40 - 45 years. Elevated blood level of total cholesterol was the most predictive co-morbid risk factor among IFG and diabetes subjects. Hypertriglyceridaemia was an important risk factor among IFG-normocholesterolaemic-overweight/obese individuals.
  
  
  
  The higher prevalence of co-morbidity of CVD risk factors with IFG than in diabetes plus the similar age of co-morbidity between IFG and diabetes highlights the need for risk assessment models for prediabetes and education of individuals at risk about factors that mitigate development of diabetes and CVDs.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia. victormaduabuchi.oguoma@cdu.edu.au.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Oguoma
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.|Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ezekiel U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Nwose
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, University of Nigeria and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nsukka, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ifeoma I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Ulasi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Adeseye A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Akintunde
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Ekene E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Chukwukelu
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Phillip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bwititi
authors.affiliation: School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Ross S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.affiliation: School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose
keywords: CVD risk factors; Co-morbidity; Diabetes; Impaired fasting glucose; Nigeria; Prediabetes