title: Functional response of novel bioprotective poloxamer-structured vesicles on inflamed skin.
abstract: Resveratrol and gallic acid, a lipophilic and a hydrophilic phenol, were co-loaded in innovative, biocompatible nanovesicles conceived for ensuring the protection of the skin from oxidative- and inflammatory-related affections. The basic vesicles, liposomes and glycerosomes, were produced by a simple, one-step method involving the dispersion of phospholipid and phenols in water or water/glycerol blend, respectively. Liposomes and glycerosomes were modified by the addition of poloxamer, a stabilizer and viscosity enhancer, thus obtaining viscous or semisolid dispersions of structured vesicles. The vesicles were spherical, unilamellar and small in size (~70 nm in diameter). The superior ability of the poloxamer-structured vesicles to promote the accumulation of both phenols in the skin was demonstrated, as well as their low toxicity and great ability to protect fibroblasts from chemically-induced oxidative damage. The in vivo administration of the vesicular phenols on TPA (phorbol ester)-exposed skin led to a significant reduction of oedema and leukocyte infiltration.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caddeo
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: mlmanca@unica.it.
authors.forename: Maria Letizia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Manca
authors.affiliation: Dept. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.affiliation: Dept. Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio Ambiente, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Centro Mixto Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universidad de Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Octavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Díez-Sales
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: José Esteban
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Peris
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Usach
authors.affiliation: Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fernàndez-Busquets
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manconi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008081:Liposomes; D013267:Stilbenes; D020442:Poloxamer; D005707:Gallic Acid; D000077185:Resveratrol
keywords: Fibroblasts; Mice; Phenol; Phospholipid vesicle; Poloxamer; Skin inflammation