title: Prenatal NO2exposure and ultrasound measures of foetal growth: a prospective cohort study in Wuhan, China.
abstract: To examine the relationship between prenatal nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure and foetal growth in a prospective cohort of 1001 Chinese women.
  
  
  
  The maternal NO2exposure levels were estimated using land-use regression models based on home address. The biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and estimated foetal weight (EFW) were evaluated via ultrasonography. The multiple linear regression model was used to adjust for confounders, and the mixed-effect model was used to assess longitudinal effect.
  
  
  
  With a 10 μg/m3increase in NO2exposure, the BPD, HC, AC, FL and EFW in the second trimester decreased by 0.40 mm (95% CI -0.56 to -0.24), 1.07 mm (95% CI -1.60 to -0.54), 1.02 mm (95% CI -1.57 to -0.48), 0.24 mm (95% CI -0.37 to -0.12) and 7.84 g (95% CI -11.59 to -4.08), respectively; the BPD and HC in the third trimester decreased by 0.26 mm (95% CI -0.50 to -0.02) and 0.71 mm (95% CI -1.37 to -0.06), respectively. The longitudinal analyses showed inverse associations of NO2exposure with BPD, HC, AC and FL (all p<0.05). The stratified analyses showed that the effects of NO2on the HC, FL and EFW in the second trimester were stronger among female babies and that the effect of NO2on EFW in the third trimester was stronger among smoking mothers (all p<0.05).
  
  
  
  In this prospective study of Chinese women, maternal NO2exposure was inversely associated with foetal growth, and the association was stronger among female babies and smoking mothers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiye
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunrong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuezhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Renjuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiangyue
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiating
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chaoqun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xuefeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nianhong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011264:Pregnancy Trimesters; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide
keywords: fetal growth; nitrogen dioxide