title: Lipocalin-2 protects the brain during inflammatory conditions.
abstract: Sepsis is a prevalent health issue that can lead to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation with long-term behavioral and cognitive alterations. Using unbiased proteomic profiling of over 100 different cytokines, we found that Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) was the most substantially elevated protein in the CNS after peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine whether the high level of LCN2 in the CNS is protective or deleterious, we challenged Lcn2-/-mice with peripheral LPS and determined effects on behavior and neuroinflammation. At a time corresponding to peak LCN2 induction in wild-type (WT) mice injected with LPS, Lcn2-/-mice challenged with LPS had exacerbated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and exhibited significantly worsened behavioral phenotypes. To determine the extent of global inflammatory changes dependent upon LCN2, we performed an RNAseq transcriptomic analysis. Compared with WT mice injected with LPS, Lcn2-/-mice injected with LPS had unique transcriptional profiles and significantly elevated levels of multiple pro-inflammatory molecules. Several LCN2-dependent pathways were revealed with this analysis including, cytokine and chemokine signaling, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor signaling and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. These findings demonstrate that LCN2 serves as a potent protective factor in the CNS in response to systemic inflammation and may be a potential candidate for limiting sepsis-related CNS sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurti
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.|Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.|Neurobiology of Disease Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fryer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain; D002490:Central Nervous System; D016207:Cytokines; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D040901:Proteomics; D018805:Sepsis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C071332:Lcn2 protein, mouse