title: Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Mitochondrial DNA Replication and PGC-1α Gene Expression in C2C12Muscle Cells.
abstract: Mitochondrial biogenesis is a complex process requiring coordinated expression of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) is a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, and it controls mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication within diverse tissues, including muscle tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on mtDNA copy number and PGC-1α promoter activity in C2C12muscle cells. mtDNA copy number and mRNA levels of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as PGC-1α, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PGC-1α promoter from -970 to +412 bp was subcloned into the pGL3-basic vector, which includes a luciferase reporter gene. Both EPA and DHA significantly increased mtDNA copy number, dose and time dependently, and up-regulated mRNA levels of PGC-1α, NRF1, and Tfam. Furthermore, EPA and DHA stimulated PGC-1α promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that EPA and DHA may modulate mitochondrial biogenesis, which was partially associated with increased mtDNA replication and PGC-1α gene expression in C2C12muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Mak-Soon
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonjin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Sohee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Seunghae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
authors.forename: Yangha
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
keywords: DHA; EPA; PGC-1α; mtDNA; muscle cells