title: Relationship between ghrelin,Helicobacter pyloriand gastric mucosal atrophy in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between plasma ghrelin level,Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection status and the severity of atrophy in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eights patients who received hemodialysis and 13 non-hemodialysisH. pylori-negative controls underwent gastroduodenoscopy to evaluate the severity of gastric atrophy. Serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) were measured as serum markers of gastric atrophy.H. pyloriinfection was evaluated by anti-H. pyloriIgG antibody, rapid urease test and culture test. We classifiedH. pyloriinfection status as non-infection, present infection and past infection. In addition, plasma acyl-ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infection rate ofH. pyloriwas 45.4% (49/108). Acyl-ghrelin level in the non-infection group (39.4 ± 23.0 fmol/mL) was significantly higher than in the past (23.4 ± 19.9 fmol/mL,P= 0.005) and present infection groups (19.5 ± 14.0 fmol/mL,P< 0.001). Furthermore, desacyl-ghrelin level in the non-infection group (353.2 ± 190.2 fmol/mL) was significantly higher than those in the past (234.9 ± 137.5 fmol/mL,P= 0.008) and present infection groups (211.8 ± 124.2 fmol/mL,P< 0.001). Acyl-ghrelin was positively correlated with the PG I level and PG I/II ratio (|R| = 0.484,P< 0.001 and |R| = 0.403,P< 0.001, respectively). Both ghrelins were significantly decreased in accordance with the progress of endoscopic atrophy (bothP< 0.001) and acyl-ghrelin was significantly lower in patients with mild, moderate and severe atrophy (24.5 ± 23.1 fmol/mL, 20.2 ± 14.9 fmol/mL and 18.3 ± 11.8 fmol/mL) than in those with non-atrophy (39.4 ± 22.2 fmol/mL,P= 0.039,P= 0.002 andP< 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hemodialysis patients, plasma ghrelin level was associated with the endoscopic and serological severity of atrophy related toH. pyloriinfection.
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsushige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukitoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakao
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Naro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andoh
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakao
authors.affiliation: Hitomi Ichikawa, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Yukitoshi Sakao, Shu Sahara, Naro Ohashi, Ken Sugimoto, Hideo Yasuda, First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001944:Breath Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004384:Duodenoscopy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005757:Gastritis, Atrophic / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D005773:Gastroscopy; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood*; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D020116:Pepsinogen A
keywords: Acyl-ghrelin; Desacyl-ghrelin; Helicobacter pylori; Hemodialysis; Pepsinogen