title: Structure of the Medullary Veins of the Cerebral Hemisphere and Related Disorders.
abstract: Deep medullary veins drain into subependymal veins with four convergence zones and show parallel distribution patterns adjacent to the body or inferior horn and a radial pattern in the frontal horn or trigon of the lateral ventricle. As white matter imaging develops such as diffusion tensor imaging or susceptibility-weighted imaging, requirements for understanding of white matter structures are increasing, not only for understanding of neuronal tracts but also for that of other structures including the fine anatomy of white matter vessels. Some disorders are related to deep medullary veins and show characteristic distributions of the lesions indicating the relationship to the medullary veins. When lesions show a parallel or radial distribution pattern in the certebral deep white matter, disorders related to deep medullary veins should be considered for differential diagnosis. In this review, we discuss disorders related to deep medullary veins, including (a) anomalies of the medullary veins, (b) hemorrhagic disorders related to the medullary veins (diffuse vascular injury due to high-energy trauma, deep medullary vein engorgement/thrombosis in neonates), (c) inflammatory changes that spread along the medullary veins, (d) neoplasms within the medullary veins, and (e) metabolic changes that lead to altered visualization of medullary veins. Understanding the anatomic structure of medullary veins in the cerebral hemisphere and becoming familiar with disorders in which the medullary veins play a major role in disease development may be helpful in the interpretation of brain images.©RSNA, 2017.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taoka
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukusumi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Toshiteru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakane
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kichikawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan (T.T., H.K., T.N., S.N.); and Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan (A.F., T.M., K.K.).
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naganawa
mesh_terms: D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000072226:Computed Tomography Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D059906:Neuroimaging / Q000379:methods