title: [Differences in the recognition of occupational diseases by sex, occupation and business activity in Spain (1990-2009)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  According to official statistics, men suffer more occupational diseases (OD) than women. Nevertheless, the unequal distribution and participation in the labor markets between men and women should be kept in mind. The purpose was to assess the gender impact in the recognition of OD in Spain, examining interaction and confounding factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  An incidence study of the occupational diseases declared through the official OD reporting forms from 1999 to 2009, provided by the General Subdirectorate of Social and Labor Statistics of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security, was conducted. The variables included were: reporting year, sex, age, occupation and economic activity of the company. Rates and crude relative risks (cRR) by these variables were calculated. Adjusted RR were also computed by using multivariate Poisson regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period a total of 243,310 OD were reported in Spain, with a sex ratio of men to women of 1.07. Correlation existed between occupation and business activity, thus the OD rates and RR were computed by these variables separately. By occupation, men had a crude RR of 1.067 (95%CI:1.058 to 1.076) versus women, while wen the analysis was adjusted by all the variables, the RR was 0.507 (95%CI:0.502 to 0.512). By economic activity of the company, the sense of risk was reversed too in the adjusted analysis (cRR=1.065, 95%CI:1.056 to 1.074 versus 0.632, 95%CI:0.626 to 0.638).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although crude OD rates were lower in women than in men during the period 1999-2009 in Spain, when these rates were adjusted by company activity or worker occupation, age and year of OD declaration, RRs become almost 50% higher in women than in men for the majority of occupations and types of company activity.
authors.affiliation: Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Ministerio de Sanidad. Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Madrid. España.mgarciag@msssi.es.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García Gómez
authors.affiliation: Subdirección General de Sanidad Ambiental y Salud Laboral. Ministerio de Sanidad. Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castañeda López
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Epidemiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: Zaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Herrador Ortiz
authors.affiliation: Centro de Alertas. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simón Soria
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009790:Occupations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Gender and Health; Incidence; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Occupational diseases; Occupations; Regression Analysis; Risk; Spain