title: A novel human-like collagen hemostatic sponge with uniform morphology, good biodegradability and biocompatibility.
abstract: Biodegradable sponges, as a promising hemostatic biomaterial, has been clinically required over the past decades. Current hemostatic sponges are generally prepared by crosslinking and freeze-drying, but the quality control or biocompatibility is often unsatisfactory due to the freezing-caused morphological non-uniformity and the toxicity of raw materials or cross-linkers. The crosslinking often greatly retards the degradation of the sponges and thus affects the healing of the wound. In this work, we prepared a novel hemostatic sponge using human-like collagen and glutamine transaminase (non-toxic cross-linker) and optimized its morphology via "two-step" freezing instead of conventional "one-step" freezing. The resulting sponge showed a good biocompatibility in cytotoxicity and implantation tests and had a significant hemostatic effect in ear artery and liver injury models. Moreover, the sponge could be degraded high efficiently by several common enzymes in organisms (e.g. I collagenase, trypsase, and lysozyme), which means that the sponge can be easily digested by metabolism and can facilitate seamless healing. Finally, both the front and back of the sponge prepared via two-step freezing was more uniform in morphology than that prepared via one-step freezing. More importantly, two-step freezing can be used as a universal approach for preparation of diverse uniform biomaterials.
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Xijuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Ya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Daidi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Chenhui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Northwest University, China.|2 School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D040761:Biomimetic Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry*; D011817:Rabbits; D000637:Transaminases / Q000737:chemistry; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D006490:Hemostatics; D003094:Collagen; D000637:Transaminases; C020656:glutamine-pyruvate aminotransferase
keywords: Human-like collagen; biocompatibility; biodegradable; freeze-drying; glutamine transaminase; hemostatic sponge; uniform