title: Ferrochelatase gene mutation in Singapore and a novel frame-shift mutation in an Asian boy with erythropoietic protoporphyria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a rare inherited disorder of heme biosynthesis caused by decreased activity of the enzyme ferrochelatase (FECH ). The frequency of the hypomorphic c.333-48C allele in a population directly contributes to the prevalence of EPP in the same population. This study sought to identify the molecular basis of EPP in a Chinese patient from Singapore and the c.333-48C allele frequency among the Chinese population in Singapore.
  
  
  METHODS
  FECH gene was screened for mutation in the patient's DNA sample by polymerase chain reaction amplification and DNA sequencing. To validate the identified mutation, the FECH region harboring the mutation was screened in DNA samples from all healthy controls. One patient and 46 ethnically matched healthy controls were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel c.474dupC which leads to a frameshift and premature stop codon was identified in one allele, while the other allele showed to carry c.333-48C and c.337C>T variants in the patient's FECH. The frequency of the c.333-48C hypomorphic allele is 27% among Chinese population in Singapore.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  c.474dupC in one allele trans to hypomorphic c.333-48C and c.337C>T allele in FECH gene may be the underlying cause of the clinical EPP of the studied patient. The FECH hypomorphic c.333-48C allele frequency in Singapore is lower than the Han Chinese (41.3%) and Japanese (43%) populations but nearly the same as the Southeast Asian (31%) population and higher than the European (2.7-11%) population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Alagappan
authors.affiliation: Department of Research, National Skin Center, Singapore.
authors.forename: Zacharias A D
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Pramono
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Skin Center, Singapore.
authors.forename: Wei-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chong
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005294:Ferrochelatase / Q000235:genetics*; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046351:Protoporphyria, Erythropoietic / Q000235:genetics*; D012846:Singapore
chemical_list: D005294:Ferrochelatase