title: Can toxicants used against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis be compatible with an encyrtid parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei under laboratory conditions?
abstract: The cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Sternorrhyncha: Pseudococcidae) is a serious pest of various cultivated plants in Pakistan. Recent reports show that the parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a good biocontrol agent of the pest. Compatibleness is important in any IPM programme, and the insecticide used must have little or no effects on the biological control agent. This study investigated the compatibility of neem treatments and a commercial insecticide, imidacloprid on A. bambawalei. Bioassays were laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) under laboratory conditions. Results showed that the adult stage of the parasitoid was more susceptible to the commercial insecticide imidacloprid than the concealed pupal stage. Moreover, on the basis of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) toxicity categories of the commercial insecticide, imidacloprid was moderately toxic throughout the study period (Ex >80%) while neem was slightly toxic after 24 h of use (Ex <80%). Results also suggest that A. bambawalei release should be delayed for at least 1 week after neem treatments. Because imidacloprid destroys A. bambawalei, it might cause resurgence of P. solenopsis; thus, farmers should avoid integrating the insecticide in the control of P. solenopsis.
authors.affiliation: Entomology Section, Agricultural Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan. hayatbadshah@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badshah
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Farman
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: UMR EGCE (Evolution, Génome, Comportement, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-University. Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
authors.forename: Paul Andre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Calatayud
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hidayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Bashir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents; D003368:Gossypium; D006430:Hemiptera; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006927:Hymenoptera; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010154:Pakistan; D010571:Pest Control
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; C082359:imidacloprid
keywords: Aenasius bambawalei; IPM; Neem extracts; Solvents