title: Efficacy of a long-lasting bifenthrin-treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been investigated recently for their use in agriculture. Depending on the insecticide, the hole size and the way they are produced, these nets can target different pests and therefore they could be interesting options for use in integrated pest management (IPM). As the information on their compatibility with beneficial fauna is practically negligible, in this work we have tested the compatibility of an experimental bifenthrin long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLITN) with Amblyseius swirskii and Eretmocerus mundus, important natural enemies of whiteflies and thrips, under laboratory, semi-field and commercial greenhouse conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the laboratory, the treated net was very deleterious to adults of both natural enemies, after 72 h exposure. However, in choice tests with Y-tubes, both natural enemies were neither attracted nor repelled by the treated net and no short-term mortality was detected in individuals that had crossed it. No deleterious effects on the E. mundus beneficial capacity were detected in semi-field trials. In field trials, the LLITN proved to be compatible with A. swirskii while decreasing pest densities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bifenthrin LLITN studied could be a valuable method for reducing pest population infestations in IPM programmes while being compatible with biocontrol agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Del Mar
authors.initials: MDM
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Rural Engineering, University of Almería (UAL), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Colomer
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.|Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems.|Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), CSIC, Serrano 115 Dpdo, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fereres
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.|Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Del Estal
authors.affiliation: Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain.|Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viñuela
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D007306:Insecticides; D007753:Laboratories; D008925:Mites; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011722:Pyrethrins; D013997:Time Factors; D014863:Wasps
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; C099952:bifenthrin
keywords: bifenthrin; commercial greenhouses; natural enemies compatibility; physical barrier net