title: Land-based sources of marine pollution: Pesticides, PAHs and phthalates in coastal stream water, and heavy metals in coastal stream sediments in American Samoa.
abstract: The island nations and territories of the South Pacific are facing a number of pressing environmental concerns, including solid waste management and coastal pollution. Here we provide baseline information on the presence and concentration of heavy metals and selected organic contaminants (pesticides, PAHs, phthalates) in 7 coastal streams and in surface waters adjacent to the Futiga landfill in American Samoa. All sampled stream sediments contained high concentrations of lead, and some of mercury. Several coastal stream waters showed relatively high concentrations of diethyl phthalate and of organophosphate pesticides, above chronic toxicity values for fish and other aquatic organisms. Parathion, which has been banned by the US Environmental Protection Agency since 2006, was detected in several stream sites. Increased monitoring and initiatives to limit non-point source land-based pollution will greatly improve the state of freshwater and coastal resources, as well as reduce risks to human health in American Samoa.
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird, Rd, Glendale, AZ, USA. Electronic address: beth.polidoro@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Polidoro
authors.affiliation: American Samoa Environmental Protection Agency, Pago Pago, American Samoa.
authors.forename: Mia T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Comeros-Raynal
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird, Rd, Glendale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.affiliation: School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W. Thunderbird, Rd, Glendale, AZ, USA.
authors.forename: Cassandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D018948:American Samoa; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010575:Pesticides; D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032279:phthalic acid
keywords: Contaminants; Pacific islands; Pesticides; Plastics; Toxic metals; Water pollution