title: Hypnosis closed loop TCI systems in outpatient surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determine the influence of general anaesthesia with closed-loop systems in the results of outpatient varicose vein surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective observational study including data from 270 outpatients between 2014 and 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of general anaesthesia used. The CL Group included patients who received propofol in closed-loop guided by BIS and remifentanil using TCI, and the C Group received non-closed-loop anaesthesia. Age, sex, surgical time, discharge time and failure of outpatient surgery were recorded. Quantitative data were checked for normal distribution by the method of Kolmogorov-Smirnov-Lilliefors. Differences between groups were analysed by a Student-t-test or Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, depending on their distribution. Categorical data were analysed by a Chi-squared test. We used Kaplan-Meier estimator and the effect size (calculated by Cohen's d) to study the discharge time. Statistical analysis was performed using R 3.2.3 binary for Mac OS X 10.9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in age, sex and surgical time and failure of outpatient surgery. Discharge time was different in both groups: 200 (100) vs. 180 (82.5) minutes, C Group and CL Group, respectively (data are median and interquartile rank); P=.005.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of closed-loop devices for the hypnotic component of anaesthesia hastens discharge time. However, for this effect to be clinically significant, some improvements still need to be made in our outpatient surgery units.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España. Electronic address: adrlue@yahoo.es.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos-Luengo
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Anestesia y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, España.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Asensio-Merino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000700:Analgesics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D058126:Balanced Anesthesia / Q000379:methods; D056805:Consciousness Monitors; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077208:Remifentanil; D012107:Research Design; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol
keywords: Alta del paciente; Ambulatory surgical procedures; Anaesthesia general; Anaesthesia recovery period; Anestesia general; Patient discharge; Periodo de recuperación anestésico; Procedimientos quirúrgicos ambulatorios