title: Alobar Holoprosencephaly Associated with Meningomyelocoele and Omphalocoele: An Unusual Coexistence.
abstract: Holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital disorder which results from failure of cleavage or incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures at various levels or to various degrees. Depending on the degree of involvement, it is classified into 4 types: Alobar, Semilobar, Lobar and Middle interhemispheric fusion variant. A male child was born to 28-year-old female at 34 weeks of gestation. The mother on antenatal follow-up was detected to have a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies on Ultrasonography (USG) done at 34weeks of gestation. The baby died after 12 hours of birth. A complete autopsy was performed. On external examination, multiple congenital anomalies were seen including cleft lip and palate, absent nasal bridge, proptosis of right eye, micropenis, left undescended testis, bilateral rocker bottom feet, omphalocele and sacral meningomyelocele. Internal examination of the brain revealed hydrocephalus and features of alobar holoprosencephaly. This case is presented for its rarity. In addition, it is unusual for a fetus with alobar holoprosencephaly to survive till term as this is the most severe type. Though facial malformations are usually present in a case of holoprosencephaly, its association with sacral meningomyelocele and omphalocele has rarely been described in literature.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Tejaswini Priyadarshan
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Waghmare
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Pragati Aditya
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Sathe
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Naina Atul
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Goel
authors.affiliation: Professor and Head of Department, Department of Pathology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital , Mumbai, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Bhuvaneshwari Mahendra
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kandalkar
keywords: Congenital anomalies; Cranio Facial malformations; Holoprosencephaly