title: Assessment of Postoperative Pain Control with an Elastomeric Pain Pump Following Cardiothoracic Surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of local anesthesia, delivered via elastomeric pump to manage pain in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, comparative analysis evaluating adult cardiothoracic surgery patients (by median sternotomy) who received continuous infusion bupivacaine + traditional methods of pain control (N = 100) or traditional pain control alone (N = 100) from July 2011-October 2013. The primary efficacy end point was total postoperative opioid requirements for 96 hours following surgery. Secondary end points included postoperative pain scores, nonopioid analgesic requirements for 96 hours after surgery, and frequency of postoperative adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. No difference was noted in overall opioid utilization for the first 96 hours postoperatively between the two groups ( P  = 0.36). Similar pain scores were reported by patients in both groups for 96 hours following surgery, with the highest pain scores reported during the first 24 hours following surgery ( P  = 0.37). No difference between groups was noted in utilization of ketorolac or acetaminophen. Frequency of postoperative adverse events, including the use of antiemetic agents for nausea and vomiting, was similar in between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of elastomeric pumps in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery for reducing postoperative opioid consumption and pain may not be as beneficial as previously reported.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Anuvrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hurren
authors.affiliation: Medical Education, St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Szpunar
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pharmacy.
authors.forename: Stephanie B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Edwin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine
keywords: Anesthesia; Cardiac Surgery; Pain