title: Metabolomic and elemental analysis of camel and bovine urine by GC-MS and ICP-MS.
abstract: Recent studies from the author's laboratory indicated that camel urine possesses antiplatelet activity and anti-cancer activity which is not present in bovine urine. The objective of this study is to compare the volatile and elemental components of bovine and camel urine using GC-MS and ICP-MS analysis. We are interested to know the component that performs these biological activities. The freeze dried urine was dissolved in dichloromethane and then derivatization process followed by using BSTFA for GC-MS analysis. Thirty different compounds were analyzed by the derivatization process in full scan mode. For ICP-MS analysis twenty eight important elements were analyzed in both bovine and camel urine. The results of GC-MS and ICP-MS analysis showed marked difference in the urinary metabolites. GC-MS evaluation of camel urine finds a lot of products of metabolism like benzene propanoic acid derivatives, fatty acid derivatives, amino acid derivatives, sugars, prostaglandins and canavanine. Several research reports reveal the metabolomics studies on camel urine but none of them completely reported the pharmacology related metabolomics. The present data of GC-MS suggest and support the previous studies and activities related to camel urine.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Research Center, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Syed Rizwan
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ahamad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Camel Biomedical Research Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdul Qader
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Alhaider
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raish
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Faiyaz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shakeel
keywords: Anticancer; Antiplatelet; Camel urine; GC–MS; ICP–MS; Metabolomics