title: [Congenital heart disease: Recent technical advances in three-dimensional echocardiography].
abstract: The recent technical advances allow the use in practice of three-dimensional echocardiography in children especially through the new high frequency matrix probe. It is difficult or even impossible to hold breathing during children' acquisition so to avoid motion full volume artifact, one beat and live 3D modes are suitable. 3D echocardiography is more accurate than 2D to assess the size, location, and relationship with surrounding structures of atrial and ventricular septal defects and thus helps in the therapeutic decision. 3D echocardiography enables to guide precisely percutaneous procedure. The morphology of the valve leaflets, chordal support apparatus, papillary muscle and the annulus are particularly well described in 3D and allows assessment of the regurgitation before repair and after as well for the common valve of the atrioventricular septal defect or in the Ebstein anomaly. Complex heart diseases such as double outlet right ventricle are suitable to a tridimensional assessment to plan surgical strategy. 3D printing, fusion imaging in cathlab and automated volume quantification embody recent innovations of new techniques in congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: CHU de Toulouse, Children Hospital, Paediatric Cardiology Unit, 31000 Toulouse, France; Inserm UMR1048, institut des maladies métaboliques et cardiovasculaires, I2MC, équipe 8, 31000 Toulouse, France. Electronic address: clement.karsenty@hotmail.fr.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karsenty
authors.affiliation: CHU de Toulouse, Children Hospital, Paediatric Cardiology Unit, 31000 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hadeed
authors.affiliation: CHU de Toulouse, Children Hospital, Paediatric Cardiology Unit, 31000 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Acar
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional