title: Determination of renal function and injury using near-infrared fluorimetry in experimental cardiorenal syndrome.
abstract: Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 causes acute kidney injury but is poorly understood; animal models and diagnostic aids are lacking. Robust noninvasive measurements of glomerular filtration rate are required for injury models and clinical use. Several have been described but are untested in translational models and suffer from biologic interference. We developed a mouse model of cardiorenal syndrome and tested the novel near-infrared fluorophore ZW800-1 to assess renal and cardiac function. We performed murine cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation followed by transthoracic echocardiography, 2 and 24 h later. Transcutaneous fluorescence of ZW800-1 bolus dispersion and clearance was assessed with whole animal imaging and compared with glomerular filtration rate (GFR; inulin clearance), tubular cell death (using unbiased stereology), and serum creatinine. Correlation, Bland-Altman, and polar analyses were used to compare GFR with ZW800-1 clearance. Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation caused reversible cardiac failure, halving fractional shortening of the left ventricle (n= 12,P= 0.03). Acute kidney injury resulted with near-zero GFR and sixfold increase in serum creatinine 24 h later (n= 16,P< 0.01). ZW800-1 biodistribution and clearance were exclusively renal. ZW800-1t1/2and clearance correlated with GFR (r= 0.92,n= 31,P< 0.0001). ZW800-1 fluorescence was reduced in cardiac arrest, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation-treated mice compared with sham animals 810 s after injection (P< 0.01) and bolus time-dispersion curves demonstrated that ZW800-1 fluorescence dispersion correlated with left ventricular function (r= 0.74,P< 0.01). Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation lead to experimental cardiorenal syndrome type 1. ZW800-1, a small near-infrared fluorophore being developed for clinical intraoperative imaging, is favorable for evaluating cardiac and renal function noninvasively.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Mizuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Rumie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakasaki
authors.affiliation: Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Katie J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1784-0749
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schenning
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Swide
authors.affiliation: Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
authors.forename: Jeong Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: M Bernie
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.affiliation: Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.|Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and.
authors.forename: Hak Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; hutchenm@ohsu.edu.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8583-1812
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Hutchens
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D059347:Cardio-Renal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016923:Cell Death; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005470:Fluorometry / Q000379:methods*; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C562069:ZW800-1 compound; D003404:Creatinine