title: Examining the impact of differential cultural adaptation with Latina/o immigrants exposed to adapted parent training interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a dearth of empirical studies aimed at examining the impact of differential cultural adaptation of evidence-based clinical and prevention interventions. This prevention study consisted of a randomized controlled trial aimed at comparing the impact of 2 differentially culturally adapted versions of the evidence-based parenting intervention known as Parent Management Training, the Oregon Model (PMTOR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 103 Latina/o immigrant families (190 individual parents). Each family was allocated to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) a culturally adapted PMTO (CA), (b) culturally adapted and enhanced PMTO (CE), and (c) a wait-list control. Measurements were implemented at baseline (T1), treatment completion (T2) and 6-month follow up (T3).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilevel growth modeling analyses indicated statistically significant improvements on parenting skills for fathers and mothers (main effect) at 6-month follow-up in both adapted interventions, when compared with the control condition. With regard to parent-reported child behaviors, child internalizing behaviors were significantly lower for both parents in the CE intervention (main effect), compared with control at 6-month follow-up. No main effect was found for child externalizing behaviors. However, a Parent × Condition effect was found indicating a significant reduction of child externalizing behaviors for CE fathers compared with CA and control fathers at posttest and 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Present findings indicate the value of differential cultural adaptation research designs and the importance of examining effects for both mothers and fathers, particularly when culturally focused and gender variables are considered for intervention design and implementation. (PsycINFO Database Record
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies.
authors.forename: J Rubén
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Parra-Cardona
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bybee
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Cris M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Utah State University.
authors.forename: Melanie M Domenech
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.affiliation: Southwest Solutions.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dates
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University-Extension.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tams
authors.affiliation: Institute for Psychological Research, University of Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000379:methods*; D004505:Education, Nonprofessional / Q000379:methods*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016487:Parenting / Q000208:ethnology*