title: Nontargeted Screening of Halogenated Organic Compounds in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
abstract: To catalog the diversity and abundance of halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) accumulating in high trophic marine species from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, tissue from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) stranded or incidentally captured along the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed by a nontargeted approach based on GC×GC/TOF-MS. A total of 158 individual HOCs from 32 different structural classes were detected in the blubber of 4 adult male T. truncatus. Nearly 90% of the detected compounds are not routinely monitored in the environment. DDT-related and mirex/dechlorane-related compounds were the most abundant classes of anthropogenic origin. Methoxy-brominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-BDEs) and chlorinated methyl- and dimethyl bipyrroles (MBPs and DMBPs) were the most abundant natural products. Reported for the first time in southwestern Atlantic cetaceans and in contrast to North American marine mammals, chlorinated MBPs and DMBPs were more abundant than their brominated and/or mixed halogenated counterparts. HOC profiles in coastal T. truncatus from Brazil and California revealed a distinct difference, with a higher abundance of MeO-BDEs, mirex/dechloranes and chlorinated bipyrroles in the Brazilian dolphins. Thirty-six percent of the detected HOCs had an unknown structure. These results suggest broad geographical differences in the patterns of bioaccumulative chemicals found in the marine environment and indicate the need to develop more complete catalogs of HOCs from various marine environments.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.|Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States.|Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicator Laboratory, School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University , R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 20550-013.|Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl. G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 21941-902.
authors.forename: Mariana B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.affiliation: Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, 3535 Harbor Boulevard, Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Maruya
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.|San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.
authors.forename: Nathan G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Dodder
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicator Laboratory, School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University , R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 20550-013.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lailson-Brito
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicator Laboratory, School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University , R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 20550-013.
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Mammals and Bioindicator Laboratory, School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University , R. São Francisco Xavier, 524 - S.4018 - Bl. E, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 20550-013.
authors.forename: Elitieri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos-Neto
authors.affiliation: Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl. G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 21941-902.
authors.forename: Joao P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373 CCS - Bl. G, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 21941-902.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Malm
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University , 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States.
authors.forename: Eunha
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4075-040X
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050681:Bottle-Nosed Dolphin; D001938:Brazil; D004289:Dolphins; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical