title: The role of Visfatin in atherosclerotic peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
abstract: Visfatin is an adipokine molecule acting as an essential coenzyme in multiple cellular redox reactions. The increased serum levels of Visfatin have been correlated with metabolic syndrome and endothelial homeostasis. In this study we investigate the possible relationship of Visfatin serum levels with the severity and location of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Study protocol included 45 consecutive PAOD and 20 Control patients with age >55years old. Definition of PAOD was based in Rutherord's classification (RC). End-stage PAOD patients (RC-V & -VI) were excluded from study. Data were collected prospectively and included age, gender, atherosclerotic risk factors and the body mass index (BMI). In PAOD patients recorded the PAOD's clinical stage and the presence of carotid stenosis >50%. PAOD patients divided in two subgroups, those with mild (RC-I & -II) and moderate disease (RC-III & -IV). In all serum samples Visfatin was measured, blindly, twice by anosoenzymatic technique. Statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-square, One Way Anova and Kruskall-Wallis tests, as appropriate. The mean Visfatin value in PAOD and Control groups were 38.5±16.0 and 13.9±3.8ng/ml respectively (p<0.0005). In-PAOD subgroup of patients the visfatin values were not affected by demographics, BMI and atherosclerotic risk factors (p>0.05). Univariate analysis showed that severity of PAOD (mild vs severe), presence of carotid stenosis >50% and multilevel disease significantly affected outcomes (p=0.018, p=0.010 and p=0.006 respectively). In multivariate regression analysis severity of PAOD was the solely factor with strong correlation with high visfatin values (p=0.001). High Visfatin levels seem to be strongly correlated with the presence and severity of PAOD. Further and in depth investigation is needed to define the possible role of Visfatin in atherosclerosis and it's value as a potential prognostic biomarker of PAOD.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Bimolecular Science, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham, UK; Laboratory of General Microbiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Matthaios G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Pitoulias
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Lemonia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Skoura
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolos G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Pitoulias
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chatzidimitriou
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Apostolia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Margariti
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of General Microbiology, School of Biology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Minas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arsenakis
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. Electronic address: pitoulias@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Georgios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pitoulias
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000097:blood*; D058729:Peripheral Arterial Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D054409:Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase; C085455:nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human
keywords: Adipokine; Atherosclerosisl; Peripheral arterial obstructive disease; Visfatin