title: Acute blood pressure response in hypertensive elderly women immediately after water aerobics exercise: A crossover study.
abstract: Water aerobics exercise is widely recommended for elderly people. However, little is known about the acute effects on hemodynamic variables. Thus, we assessed the effects of a water aerobic session on blood pressure in hypertensive elderly women. Fifty hypertensive elderly women aged 67.8 ± 4.1 years, 1.5 ± 0.6 m high and BMI 28.6 ± 3.9 kg/m2, participated in a crossover clinical trial. The experiment consisted of a 45-minute water aerobics session (70%-75% HRmax adjusted for the aquatic environment) (ES) and a control session (no exercise for 45 minutes) (CS). Heart rate was monitored using a heart rate monitor and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) measurements were taken using a semi-automatic monitor before and immediately after the sessions, and at 10, 20 and 30 minutes thereafter. It was using a generalized estimating equation (GEE) with Bonferroni's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). At the end of the experimental session, ES showed a rise in SBP of 17.4 mmHg (14.3%, p < 0.001) and DBP of 5.4 mmHg (7.8%, p < 0.001) compared to CS. At 10 minutes after exercise, BP declined in ES by a greater magnitude than in CS (SBP 7.5 mmHg, 6.2%, p = 0.005 and DBP 3.8 mmHg, 5.5%, p = 0.013). At 20 minutes after exercise and thereafter, SBP and DBP were similar in both ES and CS. In conclusion, BP returned to control levels within 10-20 minutes remaining unchanged until 30 minutes after exercise, and post-exercise hypotension was not observed. Besides, BP changed after exercise was a safe rise of small magnitude for hypertensive people.
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.|b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiás , Goiás , Brazil.
authors.forename: Raphael Martins
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.affiliation: c Department of Sport Sciences , Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro University, Exercise and Health, Vila Real , Portugal.
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilaça-Alves
authors.affiliation: b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiás , Goiás , Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcelo Vasconcelos
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Noleto
authors.affiliation: d Institute of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso , Cuiabá , Mato Grosso , Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana Sá
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiás , Goiás , Brazil.
authors.forename: Andressa Moura
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiás , Goiás , Brazil.
authors.forename: Christoffer Novais Farias
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: b Exercise Physiology Laboratory, State University of Goiás, Goiás , Goiás , Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís Inácio Rolim
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Póvoa
authors.affiliation: a Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
authors.forename: Alexandre Machado
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lehnen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D055070:Resistance Training; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: Elderly women; exercise training; hypertension; water aerobics