title: Phenotypic factors influencing the variation in response of circulating cholesterol level to personalised dietary advice in the Food4Me study.
abstract: Individual response to dietary interventions can be highly variable. The phenotypic characteristics of those who will respond positively to personalised dietary advice are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the phenotypic profiles of differential responders to personalised dietary intervention, with a focus on total circulating cholesterol. Subjects from the Food4Me multi-centre study were classified as responders or non-responders to dietary advice on the basis of the change in cholesterol level from baseline to month 6, with lower and upper quartiles defined as responder and non-responder groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between demographic and anthropometric profiles of the groups. Furthermore, with the exception of alcohol, there was no significant difference in reported dietary intake, at baseline. However, there were marked differences in baseline fatty acid profiles. The responder group had significantly higher levels of stearic acid (18 : 0, P=0·034) and lower levels of palmitic acid (16 : 0, P=0·009). Total MUFA (P=0·016) and total PUFA (P=0·008) also differed between the groups. In a step-wise logistic regression model, age, baseline total cholesterol, glucose, five fatty acids and alcohol intakes were selected as factors that successfully discriminated responders from non-responders, with sensitivity of 82 % and specificity of 83 %. The successful delivery of personalised dietary advice may depend on our ability to identify phenotypes that are responsive. The results demonstrate the potential use of metabolic profiles in identifying response to an intervention and could play an important role in the development of precision nutrition.
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Marianne C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: 2Human Nutrition Research Centre,Institute of Cellular Medicine,Newcastle University,Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL,UK.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis-Morales
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Human Biology,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+(MUMC+),Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cyril F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Marsaux
authors.affiliation: 2Human Nutrition Research Centre,Institute of Cellular Medicine,Newcastle University,Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL,UK.
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Livingstone
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology,Centre for Nutrition Research,University of Navarra,Pamplona,Spain.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navas-Carretero
authors.affiliation: 6Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research,University of Reading,Reading,UK.
authors.forename: Rosalind
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fallaize
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Clare B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woolhead
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.affiliation: 7ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences,Biochemistry Unit,Technische Universität München,München,Germany.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolossa
authors.affiliation: 7ZIEL Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences,Biochemistry Unit,Technische Universität München,München,Germany.
authors.forename: Hannelore
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.affiliation: 8Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moschonis
authors.affiliation: 8Department of Nutrition and Dietetics,Harokopio University,Athens,Greece.
authors.forename: Yannis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.affiliation: 9National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ),Warsaw,Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Surwillo
authors.affiliation: 9National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ),Warsaw,Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godlewska
authors.affiliation: 9National Food & Nutrition Institute (IZZ),Warsaw,Poland.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Traczyk
authors.affiliation: 10Department of Nutrition,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine,University of Oslo,Oslo,Norway.
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Drevon
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Mike J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: 6Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research,University of Reading,Reading,UK.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lovegrove
authors.affiliation: 4Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology,Centre for Nutrition Research,University of Navarra,Pamplona,Spain.
authors.forename: J Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: 3Department of Human Biology,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism,Maastricht University Medical Centre+(MUMC+),Maastricht,The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wim H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.affiliation: 2Human Nutrition Research Centre,Institute of Cellular Medicine,Newcastle University,Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL,UK.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mathers
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Eileen R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.affiliation: 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science,UCD Institute of Food and Health,University College Dublin,Belfield,Dublin 4,Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood; D005838:Genotype; D000070497:Healthy Lifestyle; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010641:Phenotype; D057285:Precision Medicine; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D002784:Cholesterol
keywords:  FA fatty acid; Cholesterol; Fatty acid profiles; Personalised nutrition; Phenotypes; Responders