title: M2 macrophages infusion ameliorates obesity and insulin resistance by remodeling inflammatory/macrophages' homeostasis in obese mice.
abstract: The role of M2 macrophages infusion in dealing with obesity is still little known. In this study, the therapeutic effects of M2 macrophages infusion were investigated.
  
  
  
  High fat diet (HFD) was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6N mice. 5 × 105M2 macrophages, derived from the bone marrow, were injected into obese mice through the tail vein twice with an interval of one week.
  
  
  
  One week after the second injection, weight of inguinal adipose pad was significantly decreased. Accordingly, the adipocyte size of epididymal and inguinal adipose tissue (EAT and INAT) shrank. To our interest, we found that the infused M2 macrophages were homed to EAT, reversing the disturbed homeostasis of high M1 to low M2 in obese mice. Meanwhile, EAT with remodeled macrophages' homeostasis expressed less MCP-1, accompanying with decreased recruitment of inflammatory CCR2+CX3CR1lowLy6C+monocytes from the blood in M2 infusion group. Further, increased M2 in EAT contribute to enhanced expression of UCP1 expression in EAT, which helped to ameliorate insulin resistance and, subsequently, improve the serum level of triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c).
  
  
  
  These findings highlighted that M2 macrophages infusion could ameliorate obesity as well as obesity-related insulin resistance, suggesting an effective and healthy weight loss strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: q15321839189@163.com.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. Electronic address: haojieh@163.com.
authors.forename: Haojie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: China-Japan Friendship Hospital, East Yinghuayuan Street, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zongyan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Yaqi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Jieqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. Electronic address: muyiming@301hospital.com.cn.
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, College of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China. Electronic address: hanwdrsw69@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000473:pathology; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D048429:Cell Size; D004822:Epididymis / Q000473:pathology; D006706:Homeostasis; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D009929:Organ Size; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C000604372:Ucp1 protein, mouse; D000071256:Uncoupling Protein 1
keywords: Homeostasis; Insulin resistance; M2 macrophage; MCP-1; Obesity; UCP1