title: Assessment of Attention Deficits in Adolescent Offspring Exposed to Maternal Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the potential association between intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and attention deficits in the offspring.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adolescent offspring of a prospectively followed cohort of women with type 1 diabetes (n = 269) and a control group from the background population (n = 293) participated in a follow-up assessment in 2012-2013. We used scores from Conners Continuous Performance Test II to assess attention and based on a principal component analysis we evaluated scores on five different attention factors: focused attention, vigilance, hyperactivity/impulsivity, sustained attention and response style.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher frequency of the exposed offspring had a parent/self-reported use of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication compared to the control group (2.2% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.01). Clinical significant differences between adolescents exposed to maternal diabetes and unexposed controls were not found in either single scores on Conners Continuous Performance Test or on any of the five attention factors identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to maternal type 1 diabetes did not seem to increase the risk of attention deficits in the adolescent offspring. However, a higher self-reported use of ADHD medication in the exposed group could suggest a difference in attention not revealed by the applied test.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5615-4354
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bytoft
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Sine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knorr
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Zuzana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vlachova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Rikke B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Elisabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beck-Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.|Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gravholt
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.|Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dorte M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nordsjaellands Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tine D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.affiliation: Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erik L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.affiliation: Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D003718:Denmark; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult