title: Temporal patterns and predictors of bullying roles among adolescents in Vietnam: a school-based cohort study.
abstract: Although many cross-sectional studies have examined bullying experiences and correlated factors among adolescents in schools, relatively little is known about the extent to which bullying roles are stable or fluid over time. This short-term quantitative longitudinal study in Vietnam examined temporal patterns and predictors of bullying roles over an academic year. A total of 1424 middle and high school students aged 12-17 years completed two anonymous, self-administered questionnaires six months apart in 2014 and 2015. Young people were classified into different bullying roles as follow: not-involved (38.9%), victims only (24%), bullies only (6.6%), and bully-victims (40.4%) across the two times. About 60% of all surveyed students experienced bullying either as victim, bully, or bully-victim during the year. Of these students, nearly three in four indicated unstable bullying roles over time. Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions indicated factors ranging from individual (age, gender, and mental health) to family (social support, parental supervision and monitoring, witnessing parental violence, and conflict with siblings), school (perceived social support, teachers' attempt to stop bullying at school), and peers (social support, students' attempt to stop bullying at school) have significant associations with levels of bullying involvement. Implications for bullying prevention programs nationally and internationally are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education , Hanoi University of Public Health , Hanoi , Vietnam.|b Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.
authors.forename: Ha Thi Hai
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.|c Institute for Community Health Research, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Hue , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dunne
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.
authors.forename: Marilyn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gatton
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Social Sciences and Health Education , Hanoi University of Public Health , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Huong Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: e Faculty of Sociology , Academy of Journalism and Communication , Hanoi , Vietnam.|f Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.
authors.forename: Nam T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Tran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D058445:Bullying / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Bullying; Vietnam; adolescent; cyberbullying; longitudinal design; mental health