title: Investigating the Lymphatic Drainage of the Brain: Essential Skills and Tools.
abstract: In this chapter we describe in detail the surgical and imaging techniques employed for the study of the anatomical routes of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) from the brain. The types of tracers, sites of injection, and volumes injected are crucial. For example, when testing the drainage of ISF from the parenchyma, volumes larger than 0.5 μL result in spillage of ISF into the ventricular CSF.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Nazira J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Albargothy
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Matthew MacGregor
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sharp
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gatherer
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: Roy O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.affiliation: Department of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawkes
authors.affiliation: Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. rcn@soton.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Roxana O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Carare
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D002946:Cisterna Magna; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000737:chemistry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D006624:Hippocampus; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D000072356:Parenchymal Tissue; D010477:Perfusion / Q000379:methods; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D016610:Tissue Embedding / Q000379:methods; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011108:Polymers; D014966:Xanthenes; D005557:Formaldehyde; C034657:Texas red; C003043:paraform
keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Cerebrospinal fluid; Cisterna magna injections; Interstitial fluid; Intraparenchymal stereotactic injections; Mouse brain; Perivascular lymphatic drainage; Rodent perfusion; Solute clearance