title: [Upper extremity fractures in the elderly].
abstract: Upper extremity fractures in the elderly are very frequent and second only to hip fractures in the group of fragility fractures. Their impact on mobility and functional decline seems to be underestimated especially when they occur in combination with lower extremity fractures. Fractures of the proximal humerus and the distal radius can often be treated conservatively; however, the indications for operative treatment must not be based on fracture morphology alone and due consideration should be given to all concomitant circumstances affecting functional aspects of patients. Operative treatment of proximal humeral fractures may aim either at preserving the humeral head or at prosthetic replacement. There is broad agreement that this decision should depend on the condition of the humeral head fragment (degree of damage, perfusion). Fixation of distal radial fractures is commonly performed with angular volar stable plates. The more complex the fracture, the more likely conservative treatment will fail.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland. biber@klinikum-nuernberg.de.|Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nürnberg, Deutschland. biber@klinikum-nuernberg.de.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7700-0311
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biber
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland.|Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grüninger
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nürnberg, Deutschland.|Klinikum Nürnberg Süd, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471, Nürnberg, Deutschland.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bail
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000379:methods; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Combined modality therapy; Humeral fracture; Immobilization; Osteoporotic fractures; Radius fracture