title: The cellular magnetic response and biocompatibility of biogenic zinc- and cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles.
abstract: The magnetic moment and anisotropy of magnetite nanoparticles can be optimised by doping with transition metal cations, enabling their properties to be tuned for different biomedical applications. In this study, we assessed the suitability of bacterially synthesized zinc- and cobalt-doped magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications. To do this we measured cellular viability and activity in primary human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and human osteosarcoma-derived cells. Using AC susceptibility we studied doping induced changes in the magnetic response of the nanoparticles both as stable aqueous suspensions and when associated with cells. Our findings show that the magnetic response of the particles was altered after cellular interaction with a reduction in their mobility. In particular, the strongest AC susceptibility signal measured in vitro was from cells containing high-moment zinc-doped particles, whilst no signal was observed in cells containing the high-anisotropy cobalt-doped particles. For both particle types we found that the moderate dopant levels required for optimum magnetic properties did not alter their cytotoxicity or affect osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells. Thus, despite the known cytotoxicity of cobalt and zinc ions, these results suggest that iron oxide nanoparticles can be doped to sufficiently tailor their magnetic properties without compromising cellular biocompatibility.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.|Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moise
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.|IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Céspedes
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Dalibor
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soukup
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: El Haj
authors.affiliation: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine (ISTM), Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Neil D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Telling
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010316:Particle Size; D015032:Zinc / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D003035:Cobalt; D015032:Zinc