title: Birth of puppies of predetermined sex after artificial insemination with a low number of sex-sorted, frozen-thawed spermatozoa in field conditions.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate fertility and sex ratios after artificial insemination in dogs under field conditions. Semen was cryopreserved as unsorted (control) or was separated into X- and Y-chromosome-bearing sperm using a cell sorter. Sixty female dogs were inseminated with frozen-thawed spermatozoa of 100 × 106unsorted (a dose in practice) and 4 × 106sorted (X and Y group, respectively). A total of 20 dogs became pregnant and 126 puppies were born from the three groups. The percentage of parturition was similar for the X (5/20; 25.0%) and Y (4/20; 20.0%) group (P > 0.05), but lower than controls (11/20; 55.0%) (P < 0.05). Ultimately 28 out of the 32 puppies produced from X group were female (87.5%) and 19/22 (86.4%) puppies of Y group were male. In contrast, sex ratio (51.4% to 48.6%) in the control was significantly different from the X, Y group (P < 0.05). However, male and female puppies in the control had similar birth weights and weaning weights to those from the X and Y groups. This preliminary information indicated that normal puppies of predicted sex can be produced with low numbers of sorted cryopreserved dog spermatozoa at a farm level, making sperm-sexing technology potentially applicable for elite breeding units.
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Fang-Liang
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Shu-Sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Ai-Guo
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Li-Guang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Lu-Guang
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Fei-Xiang
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Kunming Police Dog Base of the Ministry of Public Security, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
authors.forename: Jiu-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005615:Freezing; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D008297:Male; D036801:Parturition; D011247:Pregnancy; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal; D012662:Semen Preservation; D012743:Sex Preselection / Q000379:methods*; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013094:Spermatozoa
keywords: dog; flow cytometry; insemination; pregnancy; sex ratio; sperm