title: Sonographic Dynamic Description of the Laryngeal Tract: Definition of Quantitative Measures to Characterize Vocal Fold Motion and Estimation of Their Normal Values.
abstract: Vocal fold motion was analyzed during free breathing using two-dimensional dynamic ultrasound imaging. Two cadavers were first analyzed to define easily identifiable landmarks. Motion of the laryngeal tract was then analyzed in an axial plane. Left and right arytenoids and thyroid cartilage were defined on images corresponding to abduction and adduction of the laryngeal tract. Associated area measurements were established for 50 healthy subjects. All area indices were significantly larger during abduction than adduction. Symmetry of motion was established by comparing each hemi-larynx, and mobility fractions were defined. Normal values of laryngeal motion during free breathing were thus established.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Héloïse
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bergeret-Cassagne
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France.|Institut Arthur Vernes, ENT Surgery, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Diane S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lazard
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lefort
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Siham
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hachi
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Department, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leenhardt
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menegaux
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Thyroid and Endocrine Tumors Department, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russ
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of General, Visceral and Endocrine Surgery, Paris, France.|Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Inserm, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trésallet
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CEA, Univ Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo (IMIV), CEA/I2BM/Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frouin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009038:Motion; D012016:Reference Values; D012119:Respiration; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: larynx; ultrasonography; vocal fold motion