title: [Hyaluronic acid rheology: Basics and clinical applications in facial rejuvenation].
abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is the most widely used dermal filler to treat facial volume deficits and winkles specially for facial rejuvenation. Depending on various areas of the face, filler is exposed to two different forces (shear deformation and compression/stretching forces) resulting from intrinsec and external mechanical stress. The purpose of this technical note is to explain how rheology, which is the study of the flow and deformation of matter under strains, can be used in our clinical practice of facial volumization with fillers. Indeed, comprehension of the rheological properties of HA has become essential in selection of dermal filler targeted to the area of the face. Viscosity, elasticity and cohesivity are the main three properties to be taken into consideration in this selection. Aesthetic physicians and surgeons have to familiarize with those basics in order to select the HA with the right rheological properties to achieve a natural-looking and long-lasting outcome.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et de chirurgie plastique, réparatrice et esthétique, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Billon
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et de chirurgie plastique, réparatrice et esthétique, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France. Electronic address: barbara.hersant@gmail.com.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hersant
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et de chirurgie plastique, réparatrice et esthétique, hôpital Henri-Mondor, 51, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Meningaud
mesh_terms: D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D000067548:Dermal Fillers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005145:Face; D005782:Gels / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D012060:Rejuvenation; D012212:Rheology / Q000379:methods; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055675:Viscosupplements / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000067548:Dermal Fillers; D005782:Gels; D055675:Viscosupplements; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid
keywords: Acide hyaluronique; Facial rejuvenation; Filler; Hyaluronic acid; Produit de comblement; Rajeunissement facial; Rheology; Rhéologie