title: Endosulfan poisoning in canids and felids in the Calabria region of southern Italy.
abstract: Endosulfan, a highly toxic insecticide and acaricide, was globally banned under the Stockholm Convention in May 2011 because of its threats to human health and the environment. Despite the ban on its use, endosulfan is still present in the environment, causing poisoning events in domestic animals and wildlife. Toxicologic analysis of poisoned animals conducted by the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno revealed that in the past 3 y, this pesticide has not disappeared in the regions of interest. More than 650 samples (baits and animal organs) collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed through solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. This methodology allowed us to identify 45 positive samples from the Calabria region of southern Italy (10.2 % of the total samples). Most were samples of gastric content (alpha-endosulfan range: 1.27-3,800 mg/kg) and baits (alpha-endosulfan range: 92-1,497 mg/kg). Lower concentrations of pesticide were found in samples of stomach (alpha-endosulfan: 6.7-118 mg/kg) and liver (alpha-endosulfan: 0.38-14.2 mg/kg).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (De Roma, Rossini, Esposito).|Sezione Diagnostica di Catanzaro, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Catanzaro, Italy (Riverso).|Dipartimento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (Galiero).
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Roma
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (De Roma, Rossini, Esposito).|Sezione Diagnostica di Catanzaro, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Catanzaro, Italy (Riverso).|Dipartimento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (Galiero).
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (De Roma, Rossini, Esposito).|Sezione Diagnostica di Catanzaro, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Catanzaro, Italy (Riverso).|Dipartimento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (Galiero).
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riverso
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (De Roma, Rossini, Esposito).|Sezione Diagnostica di Catanzaro, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Catanzaro, Italy (Riverso).|Dipartimento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (Galiero).
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galiero
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (De Roma, Rossini, Esposito).|Sezione Diagnostica di Catanzaro, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Catanzaro Lido, Catanzaro, Italy (Riverso).|Dipartimento di Sanità Animale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy (Galiero).
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000506:poisoning*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D004726:Endosulfan
keywords: Animal poisoning; Italy; endosulfan