title: Influence of Package Visual Cues of Sweeteners on the Sensory-Emotional Profiles of Their Products.
abstract: Substantial evidence suggests influence of color, physical state, and other extrinsic features on consumer perception and acceptability of food products. In this study, 560 subjects evaluated liking and emotional responses associated with 5 sweeteners (sucralose, stevia, saccharin, aspartame, and sucrose) under 2 eliciting conditions: control (brand name only) and informed (brand name/packet image), to assess impact of the packet color. For a given condition, 5 identical tea samples each labeled with a sweetener type were rated for sweetness and overall liking (9-point) and emotions (5-point). Nonsignificant interactions between eliciting condition and sweetener type were found for liking attributes and emotions (except peaceful), indicating their independent effects. However, overall differences existed among sweetener types and eliciting conditions based on both hedonic and emotional responses (MANOVA, P < 0.05), suggesting modulating effects of packet color on sweetener type in the sensory-emotion space. The sensory-emotion profile for sucrose was separate from that of nonnutritive sweeteners, with statistically significant Mahalanobis distances among sample centroids. Increases in positive emotion intensities contrasted with a decrease in negative emotion intensities were observed for some sweeteners moving from the control to informed condition. Sweetness liking was strongly correlated with the emotion satisfied (sucralose, saccharin) only in the control condition, whereas it was strongly correlated with the emotions pleased and satisfied (stevia), disgusted (aspartame), and satisfied (sucrose) only in the informed condition. Overall, results suggested that sensory liking and emotions during the consumption experience are related not entirely to the type of sweetener, but also the color of the packet.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4200, USA.
authors.forename: Wisdom
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wardy
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4200, USA.
authors.forename: Pitchayapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chonpracha
authors.affiliation: Sensory Evaluation and Consumer Testing Unit, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Napapan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chokumnoyporn
authors.affiliation: Sensory Evaluation and Consumer Testing Unit, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai Univ., Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sujinda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sriwattana
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State Univ. Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803-4200, USA.
authors.forename: Witoon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Prinyawiwatkul
authors.affiliation: School of Food and Nutrition, College of Health, Massey Inst. of Food Science and Technology, Massey Univ., Auckland, 0745, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Wannita
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jirangrat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001218:Aspartame / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003463:Cues; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000737:chemistry; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005515:Food Labeling; D018857:Food Packaging; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064306:Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; D010465:Perception; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012439:Saccharin / Q000737:chemistry; D036625:Stevia / Q000737:chemistry; D013395:Sucrose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D013549:Sweetening Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D013649:Taste; D013662:Tea; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; D005960:Glucosides; D064306:Non-Nutritive Sweeteners; D013549:Sweetening Agents; D013662:Tea; C012043:stevioside; D013395:Sucrose; C026285:trichlorosucrose; D012439:Saccharin; D001218:Aspartame
keywords: emotional responses; nonnutritive sweeteners; packaging cues; sensory liking; visual color cues