title: Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (PML) Controls Listeria monocytogenes Infection.
abstract: The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is the main organizer of stress-responsive subnuclear structures called PML nuclear bodies. These structures recruit multiple interactors and modulate their abundance or their posttranslational modifications, notably by the SUMO ubiquitin-like modifiers. The involvement of PML in antiviral responses is well established. In contrast, the role of PML in bacterial infection remains poorly characterized. Here, we show that PML restricts infection by the pathogenic bacterium Listeria monocytogenes but not by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. During infection, PML undergoes oxidation-mediated multimerization, associates with the nuclear matrix, and becomes de-SUMOylated due to the pore-forming activity of the Listeria toxin listeriolysin O (LLO). These events trigger an antibacterial response that is not observed during in vitro infection by an LLO-defective Listeria mutant, but which can be phenocopied by specific induction of PML de-SUMOylation. Using transcriptomic and proteomic microarrays, we also characterized a network of immunity genes and cytokines, which are regulated by PML in response to Listeria infection but independently from the listeriolysin O toxin. Our study thus highlights two mechanistically distinct complementary roles of PML in host responses against bacterial infection.
  
  
  
  The promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a eukaryotic protein that can polymerize in discrete nuclear assemblies known as PML nuclear bodies (NBs) and plays essential roles in many different cellular processes. Key to its function, PML can be posttranslationally modified by SUMO, a ubiquitin-like modifier. Identification of the role of PML in antiviral defenses has been deeply documented. In contrast, the role of PML in antibacterial defenses remains elusive. Here, we identify two mechanistically distinct complementary roles of PML in antibacterial responses against pathogens such as Listeria: (i) we show that PML regulates the expression of immunity genes in response to bacterial infection, and (ii) we unveil the fact that modification of PML SUMOylation by bacterial pore-forming toxins is sensed as a danger signal, leading to a restriction of bacterial intracellular multiplication. Taken together, our data reinforce the concept that intranuclear bodies can dynamically regulate important processes, such as defense against invaders.
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France.|Inserm, U604, Paris, France.|INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ribet
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire Hématologie, U944/UMR7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.|PSL, Collège de France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lallemand-Breitenbach
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire Hématologie, U944/UMR7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France.|PSL, Collège de France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ferhi
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France.|Inserm, U604, Paris, France.|INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nahori
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigenome, Biomics, Centre d'Innovation et Recherche Technologique (Citech), Paris, France.|Institut Pasteur, Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique, Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative (C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS), Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Varet
authors.affiliation: Inserm, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Institut Universitaire Hématologie, U944/UMR7212, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, France hugues.dethe@inserm.fr pascale.cossart@pasteur.fr.|PSL, Collège de France, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Thé
authors.affiliation: Institut Pasteur, Unité des Interactions Bactéries-Cellules, Paris, France hugues.dethe@inserm.fr pascale.cossart@pasteur.fr.|Inserm, U604, Paris, France.|INRA, USC2020, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cossart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D058207:Sumoylation
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D020543:Proteome; C038705:hlyA protein, Listeria monocytogenes