title: Effects of Dual Monitor Computer Work Versus Laptop Work on Cervical Muscular and Proprioceptive Characteristics of Males and Females.
abstract: The effects of performing a 90-minute computer task with a laptop versus a dual monitor desktop workstation were investigated in healthy young male and female adults.
  
  
  
  Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are common among computer (especially female) users. Laptops have surpassed desktop computer sales, and working with multiple monitors has also become popular. However, few studies have provided objective evidence on how they affect the musculoskeletal system in both genders.
  
  
  
  Twenty-seven healthy participants (mean age = 24.6 years; 13 males) completed a 90-minute computer task while using a laptop or dual monitor (DualMon) desktop. Electromyography (EMG) from eight upper body muscles and visual strain were measured throughout the task. Neck proprioception was tested before and after the computer task using a head-repositioning test. EMG amplitude (root mean square [RMS]), variability (coefficients of variation [CV]), and normalized mutual information (NMI) were computed.
  
  
  
  Visual strain ( p < .01) and right upper trapezius RMS ( p = .03) increased significantly over time regardless of workstation. Right cervical erector spinae RMS and cervical NMI were smaller, while degrees of overshoot (mean = 4.15°) and end position error (mean = 1.26°) were larger in DualMon regardless of time. Effects on muscle activity were more pronounced in males, whereas effects on proprioception were more pronounced in females.
  
  
  
  Results suggest that compared to laptop, DualMon work is effective in reducing cervical muscle activity, dissociating cervical connectivity, and maintaining more typical neck repositioning patterns, suggesting some health-protective effects.
  
  
  
  This evidence could be considered when deciding on computer workstation designs.
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Montreal, and Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Canada.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Farias Zuniga
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Montreal, and Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital, Laval, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Côté
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064131:Back Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D003201:Computers; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006257:Head / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000502:physiology; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: electromyography; functional connectivity; gender; proprioception; visual strain