title: Toward a Molecular Understanding of the Typicality of Chardonnay Wines: Identification of Powerful Aromatic Compounds Reminiscent of Hazelnut.
abstract: Chardonnay wines impart a unique complex aroma characterized by its buttery, yellow stone fruit, melon, bready, and woody notes. Among the terms used in the sensory analysis of these wines, this study investigated hazelnut-like attributes. Multidimensional gas chromatography coupled to olfactometry identified five pyrroles reminiscent of hazelnut: 1-ethylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, 1H-pyrrole, 2-acetyl-1H-pyrrole (first identification in wine), 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde, and 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde. Quantitative analyses demonstrated their significantly higher abundance in Chardonnay wines. However, they proved irrelevant in sensory terms, given the low amounts measured in wine compared to their olfactory detection threshold. Nevertheless, the presence of methanethiol derivatives from these pyrroles was investigated in wine. 1-Methylpyrrole-2-methanethiol and 1-ethylpyrrole-2-methanethiol were identified and exhibited hazelnut-like aroma. These compounds, which have not been observed in natural products to date, are potent volatile compounds with detection thresholds of 0.7 and 1.4 ng/L, respectively, in model wine. These findings open up promising perspectives concerning the interpretation of the typical aromatic nuances of some Chardonnay wines.
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gros
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|Seguin Moreau France, Z.I. , Merpins, Cognac F-16103, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Fannie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thibaud
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Marine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gammacurta
authors.affiliation: Biolaffort , 126 quai de la Souys, Bordeaux F-33100, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moine
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubourdieu
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Darriet
authors.affiliation: Université de Bordeaux, ISVV , EA 4577, Unité de recherche ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.|INRA, ISVV , USC 1366 ŒNOLOGIE, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-2998
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchal
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D031211:Corylus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D064367:Olfactometry; D012903:Smell; D013649:Taste; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds
keywords: Chardonnay wine; aroma; hazelnut-like notes; pyrrole; pyrrolemethanethiols; typicality