title: Effectiveness of an intervention to prevent frailty in pre-frail community-dwelling older people consulting in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to prevent frailty is scarce.
  
  
  
  to assess the effect of an intervention in preventing frailty progression in pre-frail older people.
  
  
  
  a randomised, open label, controlled trial with two parallel arms.
  
  
  
  community-dwelling pre-frail older people (≥70 years) consulting in primary care.
  
  
  
  nutritional assessment (and derivation to a Nutritional Unit for usual care in the event of nutritional risk) and a physical activity programme including aerobic exercise and a set of mixed strengthening, balance and coordination exercises.
  
  
  
  patients receiving the usual care.
  
  
  
  prevalence of frailty (Fried criteria) at 12 months.
  
  
  
  functional capacity (Barthel index), falls and nutritional status (Short-Form Mini Nutritional Assessment) on follow-up at 12 months.
  
  
  
  one hundred and seventy-two participants were recruited and randomised (mean age: 78.3 years; mean number of Fried criteria: 1.45). Thirty-nine participants (22.6%) were dropped out during the study. At follow-up, 4.9% of the intervention group and 15.3% of the control group had evolved to frailty, for a crude odds ratio (OR) of 0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-1.08; P = 0.052) and an adjusted (by age, gender and number of co-morbidities) OR of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.04-0.95; P = 0.044). Intervention group showed a higher outdoors walking hour per day (0.97 versus 0.73; P = 0.019) but no difference was observed in muscle strength, gait speed or other functional indicators.
  
  
  
  an intervention focused on physical exercise and maintaining good nutritional status may be effective in preventing frailty in community-dwelling pre-frail older individuals.
  
  
  
  NCT02138968.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.|Centro de Investiación Biomédica en Red de EnfermedadesHepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra-Prat
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró,Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sist
authors.affiliation: ABS Mataró Centre, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró,Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Domenich
authors.affiliation: ABS Cirera-Molins, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jurado
authors.affiliation: ABS Mataró Centre, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró,Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiz
authors.affiliation: ABS Cirera-Molins, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roces
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró,Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palomera
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró,Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tarradelles
authors.affiliation: ABS Argentona, Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papiol
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D015444:Exercise; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D000073496:Frailty / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D000073656:Healthy Aging; D006801:Humans; D057187:Independent Living; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053580:Muscle Strength; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D004856:Postural Balance; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: frailty; functional capacity; nutritional status; older people; physical activity; prevention