title: Factors that Affect the Content of Cadmium, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in Tissues of the Knee Joint.
abstract: Osteoarthritis causes the degradation of the articular cartilage and periarticular bones. Trace elements influence the growth, development and condition of the bone tissue. Changes to the mineral composition of the bone tissue can cause degenerative changes and fractures. The aim of the research was to determine the content of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the tibia, the femur and the meniscus in men and women who underwent a knee replacement surgery. Samples were collected from 50 patients, including 36 women and 14 men. The determination of trace elements content were performed by ICP-AES method, using Varian 710-ES. Average concentration in the tissues of the knee joint teeth amounted for cadmium 0.015, nickel 0.60, copper 0.89 and zinc 80.81 mg/kg wet weight. There were statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, copper and zinc in different parts of the knee joint. There were no statistically significant differences in the content of cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc in women and men in the examined parts of the knee joint. Among the elements tested, copper and nickel showed a high content in the connective tissue (the meniscus) compared to the bone tissue (the tibia and the femur).
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland.
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roczniak
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, 4 Jagiellonska Str. 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland. bbrodziak@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brodziak-Dopierała
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland.
authors.forename: Elżbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cipora
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str. 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakóbik-Kolon
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 B. Krzywoustego Str. 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kluczka
authors.affiliation: Medical Institute, The Jan Grodek Higher Vocational State School, 21 Mickiewicza Str. 38-500, Sanok, Poland.
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Babuśka-Roczniak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D000072600:Meniscus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009532:Nickel / Q000378:metabolism*; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015032:Zinc / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Cadmium; Copper; Factors; Knee joint; Nickel; Zinc