title: Perceived Dual Method Responsibilities by Relationship Type Among African-American Male Adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the extent to which African-American male adolescents perceive responsibility for contraception and condom use and to understand the perceived importance of dual method use for respondents in casual versus committed relationships.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected using surveys informed by formative focus group sessions. Participants included African-American male high-school students aged 14-19 years from the Chicago's South Side. Respondents were surveyed regarding contraceptive behavioral intentions and perceived importance of dual method use. Responses were compared by relationship type. Logistic regression modeling was used to determine the association between contraception responsibility and perceiving dual method protection as important for each sexual relationship type.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample included 348 young men (mean age: 16.1 years; mean age at first sex: 13.8 years). Among those who had heard of condoms (99.4%) and withdrawal (90.4%), most reported liking these methods (83.7% and 53.9%). Participants were more likely to report greater responsibility within a committed relationship for all perceived contraceptive responsibilities (e.g., going with partner to get contraception). Participants were more likely to engage in conversation about pregnancy prevention with a committed partner. Among sexually active respondents, perceived contraceptive responsibility was associated with perceiving dual protection as very important (odds ratio = 1.58; 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respondents felt partially responsible for pregnancy prevention, particularly within committed relationships, and were open to using dual protection. However, many respondents had low levels of contraception knowledge. These findings indicate that male African-American adolescents might benefit from increased education and support around contraception methods and condom use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. Electronic address: mgilliam@babies.bsd.uchicago.edu.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilliam
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Woodhams
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sipsma
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002641:Chicago; D017280:Condoms; D003267:Contraception / Q000523:psychology*; D003268:Contraception Behavior / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Adolescents; African-American males; Casual sexual relationships; Contraception; Dual method; Perceived contraceptive responsibility; Sexual relationships