title: Hierarchical cluster analysis and chemical characterisation of Myrtus communis L. essential oil from Yemen region and its antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-colorectal adenocarcinoma properties.
abstract: The hydrodistilled essential oil obtained from the dried leaves of Myrtus communis, collected in Yemen, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were identified, representing 96.3% of the total oil. The major constituents of essential oil were oxygenated monoterpenoids (87.1%), linalool (29.1%), 1,8-cineole (18.4%), α-terpineol (10.8%), geraniol (7.3%) and linalyl acetate (7.4%). The essential oil was assessed for its antimicrobial activity using a disc diffusion assay and resulted in moderate to potent antibacterial and antifungal activities targeting mainly Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The oil moderately reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical (IC50= 4.2 μL/mL or 4.1 mg/mL). In vitro cytotoxicity evaluation against HT29 (human colonic adenocarcinoma cells) showed that the essential oil exhibited a moderate antitumor effect with IC50of 110 ± 4 μg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analysis of M. communis has been carried out based on the chemical compositions of 99 samples reported in the literature, including Yemeni sample.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicinal Chemistry , College of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University , Albaha , KSA.
authors.forename: Sirajudheen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anwar
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , AL , USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Crouch
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pharmacognosy , College of Clinical Pharmacy, Albaha University , Albaha , KSA.
authors.forename: Nasser A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Awadh Ali
authors.affiliation: d Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Aden University , Aden , Yemen.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Al-Fatimi
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , University of Alabama in Huntsville , Huntsville , AL , USA.
authors.forename: William N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Setzer
authors.affiliation: e Department of Bio-organic Chemistry , Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle/Saale , Germany.
authors.forename: Ludger
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wessjohann
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000032:analysis; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D000077591:Eucalyptol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis; D031651:Myrtus / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D015006:Yemen
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D053138:Cyclohexenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; C016775:alpha-terpineol; C074463:linalyl acetate; C018584:linalool; D000077591:Eucalyptol
keywords: GC-MS; Myrtus; Yemen; cytotoxicity; essential oil