title: Local food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation improve linear growth and cognitive development among Indonesian infants aged 6 to 9 months.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of culturally-relevant food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation on infant growth and development.
  
  
  METHODS
  A community-based randomized controlled trial was conducted in 40 clusters from 5 selected villages in Tanah Datar District of West Sumatera, Indonesia. We assessed 355 infants aged 6 to 9 months at the beginning of the study. The infants were divided into 4 groups: 1) Food Supplementation (FS); 2) Psychosocial Stimulation (PS); 3) Food Supplementation and Psychosocial Stimulation (FS+PS); and 4) Control Group (CG). The formula food supplement was comprised of a variety of local food sources (local MP-ASI) and adjusted for the local habits. The quality of psychosocial stimulation was assessed with the Infant HOME inventory method. Progress at 6 months was assessed by anthropometry and the Bayley scores of cognition, language and motor function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were improvements in linear growth, cognitive and motor development of children in the FS (p<0.05) and the FS+PS (p<0.01) groups compared to the CG. After six months of intervention, mean length increased to 6.86±2.08 cm and 6.66±2.41 cm for FS and FS+PS respectively (p<0.05). With the combination of food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation (FS+PS), cognitive development increased to 21.4±12.2 points (effect size 0.56) (p<0.01) and motor development increased to 20.7±18.4 points (effect size 0.50) (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined intervention with local food supplementation and psychosocial stimulation improved infant growth, cognitive and motor development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University Padang, Indonesia. Email: eelbiomed@gmail.com.|Department of Nutrition, Mohammad Natsir Bukiitinggi University, Bukiitinggi, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Helmizar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Helmizar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University Padang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fasli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University Padang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nur Indrawati
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Lipoeto
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Publich Health, University of Indonesia, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Endang L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Achadi
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology; D011584:Psychology