title: Association study of Demodex bacteria and facial dermatoses based on DGGE technique.
abstract: The role of bacteria is unclear in the facial skin lesions caused by Demodex. To shed some light on this issue, we conducted a case-control study comparing cases with facial dermatoses with controls with healthy skin using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. The bacterial diversity, composition, and principal component were analyzed for Demodex bacteria and the matched facial skin bacteria. The result of mite examination showed that all 33 cases were infected with Demodex folliculorum (D. f), whereas 16 out of the 30 controls were infected with D. f, and the remaining 14 controls were infected with Demodex brevis (D. b). The diversity analysis showed that only evenness index presented statistical difference between mite bacteria and matched skin bacteria in the cases. The composition analysis showed that the DGGE bands of cases and controls were assigned to 12 taxa of 4 phyla, including Proteobacteria (39.37-52.78%), Firmicutes (2.7-26.77%), Actinobacteria (0-5.71%), and Bacteroidetes (0-2.08%). In cases, the proportion of Staphylococcus in Firmicutes was significantly higher than that in D. f controls and D. b controls, while the proportion of Sphingomonas in Proteobacteria was significantly lower than that in D. f controls. The between-group analysis (BGA) showed that all the banding patterns clustered into three groups, namely, D. f cases, D. f controls, and D. b controls. Our study suggests that the bacteria in Demodex should come from the matched facial skin bacteria. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the two main taxa. The increase of Staphylococcus and decrease of Sphingomonas might be associated with the development of facial dermatoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China. zhaoyae@xjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: YaE
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: RuiLing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: DongLing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D044822:Biodiversity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008924:Mite Infestations / Q000469:parasitology*; D008925:Mites / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: BGA; DGGE; Demodex; bacterial diversity; case-control study; facial skin lesions