title: Translating genomic profiling to gastrointestinal cancer treatment.
abstract: Next-generation sequencing enables faster, cheaper and more accurate whole-genome sequencing, allowing genome profiling and discovery of molecular features. As molecular targeted drugs are developed, treatment can be tailored according to molecular subtype. Gastric and colorectal cancers have each been divided into four subtypes according to molecular features. Profiling of the esophageal cancer genome is underway and its classification is anticipated. To date, identification of HER2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations in colon cancer have proved essential for treatment decisions. However, to overcome therapy resistance and improve prognosis, further individualized therapy is required. Here, we summarize the treatment options for gastrointestinal cancer according to genomic profiling and discuss future directions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.|Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Dilsa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mizrak Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimodaira
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D014644:Genetic Variation; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: gastrointestinal cancer; genome sequencing; translational research