title: Dietary supplementation of grape seed and skin flour mitigates brain oxidative damage induced by a high-fat diet in rat: Gender dependency.
abstract: It is unknown whether gender has an impact on brain injury in obesity, and, if so, whether treatment with grape seed and skin flour could exert a protective effect. Both male and female rats were fed a standard diet (SD) or a high fat diet (HFD) during eight weeks and treated with high dosage grape seed and skin flour (GSSF). Fat-induced oxidative stress was evaluated into the brain with a special emphasis on transition metals determination. HFD induced male-cholesterol overload (+78.12%) and an oxidative stress status characterized by increased lipoperoxidation (+68.97%), carbonylation (+40.28%), decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as glutathione peroxidase (-61.07%) and manganese-superoxide dismutase (-35.47%) but not catalase. Additionally HFD depleted the brain from manganese (-71.31%) and dropped glutamine synthetase activity (-36.16%), without affecting copper nor iron nor their associated enzymes. HFD also altered intracellular mediators as superoxide anion (+36.12%), calcium (+44.41%) and also calpain (+76.54%) a calcium dependent protease. Importantly all these alterations were detected exclusively in male brain and were efficiently corrected upon GSSF treatment. In conclusion, GSSF has the potential to alleviate the deleterious lipotoxic effect of HFD treatment that occurred in male brain and perhaps in post-menauposal female brain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia. Electronic address: charradi3@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charradi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Takwa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bedhiafi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Safwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kadri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Salem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elkahoui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ferid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Limam
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Bioactives Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, 2050 Hammam Lif, Tunisia; University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ezzedine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aouani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003300:Copper / Q000378:metabolism; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D056604:Grape Seed Extract / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D056604:Grape Seed Extract; D010936:Plant Extracts; D003300:Copper; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Brain lipotoxicity; Gender; Grape seed and skin flour; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress