title: Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities are associated with stroke recurrence.
abstract: To investigate the role of left ventricular wall motion abnormalities (LVWMA), unrelated to high-risk cardioembolic conditions, in stroke recurrence.
  
  
  
  This study included consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed as a routine evaluation for stroke patients. The outcomes were the time to recurrent any stroke and ischemic stroke.
  
  
  
  Among 4,316 acute ischemic stroke patients, 430 had LVWMA without high-risk cardioembolic sources. The median observation periods of patients at risk of any stroke and ischemic stroke were 24.5 and 24.7 months. During the follow-up, any stroke and ischemic stroke recurrence were observed in 310 (7.2%) and 250 (5.8%) patients. LVWMA were associated with outcomes after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory and imaging variables, and therapeutic interventions (hazard ratio [HR] 1.707, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.262-2.310 for any stroke; HR 1.709, 95% CI 1.222-2.390 for ischemic stroke). Moreover, LVWMA could still be considered as independent risk factors after correction for covariates that were significantly associated with outcomes in univariable regression (HR 1.747, 95% CI 1.292-2.364 for any stroke; HR 1.704, 95% CI 1.219-2.382 for ischemic stroke). There were no significant interactions between LVWMA and outcomes between the subgroups except for the statin treatment subgroup.
  
  
  
  This study suggests that LVWMA, even when unassociated with high-risk cardioembolic sources, could be an independent predictor for stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Jeong-Yoon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Jaehyung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Jin-Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Woo-Keun
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Kyungmi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurology (J.-Y.C.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Medical Science Research Center (J.C.) and Department of Neurology (J.-M.J.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do; Department of Neurology (W.-K.S.), Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurology (K.O.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul; and Department of Neurology (K.-H.C., S.Y.), Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul. song4yu@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sungwook
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*