title: 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum.
abstract: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) were first published in 2011, significant clinical and scientific advances have occurred in the field. The aim of these guidelines is to inform clinicians, patients, researchers, and health policy makers on published evidence relating to the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease in women during pregnancy, preconception, and the postpartum period.
  
  
  
  The specific clinical questions addressed in these guidelines were based on prior versions of the guidelines, stakeholder input, and input of task force members. Task force panel members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database searching, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Published English language articles were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians Guideline Grading System was used for critical appraisal of evidence and grading strength of recommendations. The guideline task force had complete editorial independence from the ATA. Competing interests of guideline task force members were regularly updated, managed, and communicated to the ATA and task force members.
  
  
  
  The revised guidelines for the management of thyroid disease in pregnancy include recommendations regarding the interpretation of thyroid function tests in pregnancy, iodine nutrition, thyroid autoantibodies and pregnancy complications, thyroid considerations in infertile women, hypothyroidism in pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy, thyroid nodules and cancer in pregnant women, fetal and neonatal considerations, thyroid disease and lactation, screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, and directions for future research.
  
  
  
  We have developed evidence-based recommendations to inform clinical decision-making in the management of thyroid disease in pregnant and postpartum women. While all care must be individualized, such recommendations provide, in our opinion, optimal care paradigms for patients with these disorders.
authors.affiliation: 1 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Erik K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.affiliation: 2 Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Elizabeth N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Brent
authors.affiliation: 4 Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Rosalind S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: 6 Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dosiou
authors.affiliation: 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Grobman
authors.affiliation: 8 Departments of Endocrinology & Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital , Aalborg, Denmark .
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Laurberg
authors.affiliation: 9 Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.affiliation: 10 Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Mandel
authors.affiliation: 11 Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam, The Netherlands .
authors.forename: Robin P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.affiliation: 12 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D019468:Disease Management; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D007247:Infertility, Female; D007774:Lactation; D049590:Postpartum Period; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D012955:Societies, Medical; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies
keywords: postpartum thyroiditis; pregnancy; thyroid and pregnancy; thyroid function tests