title: Non-contact hemodynamic imaging reveals the jugular venous pulse waveform.
abstract: Cardiovascular monitoring is important to prevent diseases from progressing. The jugular venous pulse (JVP) waveform offers important clinical information about cardiac health, but is not routinely examined due to its invasive catheterisation procedure. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the JVP can be consistently observed in a non-contact manner using a photoplethysmographic imaging system. The observed jugular waveform was strongly negatively correlated to the arterial waveform (r = -0.73 ± 0.17), consistent with ultrasound findings. Pulsatile venous flow was observed over a spatially cohesive region of the neck. Critical inflection points (c, x, v, y waves) of the JVP were observed across all participants. The anatomical locations of the strongest pulsatile venous flow were consistent with major venous pathways identified through ultrasound.
authors.affiliation: Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada.|Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Amelard
authors.affiliation: Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.|Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hughson
authors.affiliation: Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Danielle K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.affiliation: Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Kaylen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pfisterer
authors.affiliation: Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Clausi
authors.affiliation: Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada.|Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D055815:Young Adult