title: Physician Perceptions of Consultant Pharmacist Services Associated with an Intervention for Adverse Drug Events in the Nursing Facility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the importance and performance of consultant pharmacist services delivered before and after an intervention to detect and manage adverse drug events among nursing facility residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before and after intervention survey of physicians participating in a randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four nonprofit, academically affiliated nursing facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Attending physicians providing nursing facility care who were randomized to intervention or control groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within the intervention arm, consultant pharmacists provided academic detailing in which trained health care professionals visit practicing physicians in their offices and present the most up-to-date clinical information. Physicians responded to alerts from a medication monitoring system, adjudicated system alerts for adverse drug events (ADEs), and provided structured recommendations about ADE management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared physicians' assessments of the importance and performance of consultant pharmacist services before and after the trial intervention in the intervention and control groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the intervention group, ratings of importance increased for all 24 survey questions, and 5 of the changes were statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the control group, ratings of importance increased for 16 questions, and none of the changes were statistically significant. In the intervention group, ratings of performance increased for all 24 questions, and 20 of the changes were statistically significant. In the control group, ratings of performance increased for 16 questions, and none of the changes was statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted, consultant pharmacist-led intervention comprising academic detailing, computerized decision support, and structured communication framework can improve physicians' assessment of importance and performance of consultant pharmacist services.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  ADE = Adverse drug event, M = Statistically significant mean, RCT = Randomized controlled trial, SBAR = Situation, Background, Discussion, Recommendation, SD = Standard deviation.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kane-Gill
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Subashan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Culley
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Studenski
authors.forename: Dave A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nace
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Handler
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003253:Consultants; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical / Q000458:organization & administration; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000458:organization & administration; D010593:Pharmaceutical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D024382:Professional Role; D017010:Reminder Systems