title: Structural Biology of the Cvt Pathway.
abstract: Macroautophagy is a degradation process in which autophagosomes are generated to isolate and transport various materials, including damaged organelles and protein aggregates, as cargos to the lysosomes or vacuoles. Bulk autophagy is one of the two types of macroautophagy, which is triggered by starvation and targets non-specific cargos. The second type, that is, selective autophagy, identifies and preferentially degrades specific cargos via receptor recognition. Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) is a selective autophagy pathway that specifically transports vacuolar hydrolases into the vacuole in budding yeast cells and has been extensively studied as a model of selective autophagy. In the present review, we focused on the Cvt pathway, especially on the recent structural insights into cargo assembly, receptor recognition, and recruitment mechanisms of the Cvt machinery. Elucidating the Cvt pathway would help in understanding the basic molecular mechanisms of various types of selective autophagy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan. Electronic address: nn@bikaken.or.jp.
authors.forename: Nobuo N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000502:physiology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000071183:Autophagy-Related Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
keywords: Atg19; Cvt pathway; aminopeptidase I; selective autophagy; structural biology