title: Cross-cultural validity of Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) in Iran, Spain and Germany.
abstract: Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) is a newly constructed measure to assess circadian types and amplitude. In this study, we applied this measure to participants from three different countries: Germany, Spain and Iran. Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) of MESSi displayed mediocre fit in the three countries. Comparing increasingly stringent models using multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated at least partial measurement invariance (metric invariance) by country for Morning Affect and Distinctness subscales. Age was positively related to Morning Affect (MA), and negatively related to Eveningness (EV) and Distinctness (DI). Men reported higher MA than women, whereas women reported higher DI than men. Regarding country effect, Iranian participants reported highest MA compared to Spaniards and Germans, whereas Germans reported higher DI compared to Iranians and Spaniards. As a conclusion, our study corroborated the validity and reliability of MESSi across three different countries with different geographical and cultural characteristics.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahafar
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Randler
authors.affiliation: b Complutense University of Madrid , Work and Individual Differences , Madrid , Spain.
authors.forename: Juan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Díaz-Morales
authors.affiliation: a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls Universitat Tubingen , Tubingen , Germany.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasaeian
authors.affiliation: c Family & Women Studies Department , Alzahra University , Tehran , Iran (the Islamic Republic of).
authors.forename: Zeinab
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Heidari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Amplitude; morningness–eveningness; stability; validity