title: The role of dietary fatty acid intake in inflammatory gene expression: a critical review.
abstract: Diet is an important modifiable factor involved in obesity-induced inflammation. We reviewed clinical trials that assessed the effect of consumption of different fatty acids on the expression of inflammation-related genes, such as cytokines, adipokines, chemokines and transcription factors.
  Narrative review study conducted at a research center.
  This was a review on the effect of fat intake on inflammatory gene expression in humans.
  Consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) was related to postprandial upregulation of genes associated with pro-inflammatory pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), in comparison with monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. In addition, acute intake of a high-SFA meal also induced a postprandial pro-inflammatory response for several inflammatory genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Both high-MUFA and high-PUFA diets showed anti-inflammatory profiles, or at least a less pronounced pro-inflammatory response than did SFA consumption. However, the results concerning the best substitute for SFAs were divergent because of the large variability in doses of MUFA (20% to 72% of energy intake) and n3 PUFA (0.4 g to 23.7% of energy intake) used in interventions.
  The lipid profile of the diet can modulate the genes relating to postprandial and long-term inflammation in PBMCs and adipose tissue. Identifying the optimal fat profile for inflammatory control may be a promising approach for treating chronic diseases such as obesity.
authors.affiliation: RD, MSc. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniela Mayumi
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: RD, MSc, PhD. Titular Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil.
authors.forename: Josefina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: RD, MSc, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa (MG), Brazil.
authors.forename: Helen Hermana
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hermsdorff
mesh_terms: D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids