title: Evaluating the best time to intervene acute liver failure in rat models induced by d-galactosamine.
abstract: To describe an animal model for acute liver failure by intraperitoneal d-galactosamine injections in rats and to define when is the best time to intervene through King's College and Clichy´s criteria evaluation.
  Sixty-one Wistar female rats were distributed into three groups: group 1 (11 rats received 1.4 g/kg of d-galactosamine intraperitoneally and were observed until they died); group 2 (44 rats received a dose of 1.4 g/kg of d-galactosamine and blood and histological samples were collected for analysis at 12 , 24, 48 , 72 and 120 hours after the injection); and the control group as well (6 rats) .
  Twelve hours after applying d-galactosamine, AST/ALT, bilirubin, factor V, PT and INR were already altered. The peak was reached at 48 hours. INR > 6.5 was found 12 hours after the injection and factor V < 30% after 24 hours. All the laboratory variables presented statistical differences, except urea (p = 0.758). There were statistical differences among all the histological variables analyzed.
  King's College and Clichy´s criteria were fulfilled 12 hours after the d-galactosamine injection and this time may represent the best time to intervene in this acute liver failure animal model.
authors.affiliation: Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Interdisciplinary Surgical Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil. Technical procedures, design of the study, manuscript preparation.
authors.forename: Lígia Patrícia de Carvalho Batista
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Éboli
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, critical revision.
authors.forename: Alcides Augusto Salzedas
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Pediatric Department, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data.
authors.forename: Ramiro Antero de
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Analysis and interpretation of data, histopathological examinations, critical revision.
authors.forename: Valéria Pereira
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Lanzoni
authors.affiliation: Graduate student, School of Medicine, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Acquisition of data, technical procedures.
authors.forename: Tatiana Sugayama de
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Paula
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific and intellectual content of the study, acquisition of data, critical revision.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.affiliation: PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; technical procedures; critical revision.
authors.forename: Adriano Miziara
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005688:Galactosamine; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D017114:Liver Failure, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005688:Galactosamine