title: [Hypoxic condition promotes olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into neurons and  underlying mechanisms].
abstract: To explore whether hypoxic condition could promote the olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) to differentiate into neurons with the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) supernatant and the potential mechanisms.  Methods: The OM-MSCs and OECs were isolated and cultured, and they were identified by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The OM-MSCs were divided into three groups: a 3%O2+ HIF-1α inhibitors (lificiguat: YC-1) + OECs supernatant group (Group A) , a 3%O2 + OECs supernatant group (Group B) and a 21%O2 + OECs supernatant group (Control group). The neurons, which were differentiated from OM-MSCs, were assessed by immunofluorescence test. The mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), βIII-tubulin and glial fibrillary acidic portein (GFAP) were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and Western blot. The potassium channels were analyzed by patch clamp.  Results: The neurons differentiated from OM-MSCs expressed the most amount of βIII-tubulin, and the result of Q-PCR showed that HIF-1α expression in the Group B was significantly higher than that in the other groups (all P<0.05). Western blot result showed that the βIII-tubulin protein expression was significantly higher and GFAP protein expression was obviously decreased in the Group B (both P<0.05). The patch clamp test confirmed that the potassium channels in the neurons were activated.  Conclusion: Hypoxic condition can significantly increase the neuronal differentiation of OM-MSCs by the OECs supernatant and decrease the production of neuroglia cells, which is associated with the activation of HIF-1 signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhuo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Da
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Lite
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, 163 Hospital of PLA/ Second Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410003, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000378:metabolism; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa; D015221:Potassium Channels; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007191:Indazoles; D015221:Potassium Channels; D014404:Tubulin; C090937:3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole