title: Detecting the Hormonal Pathways in Oilseed Rape behind Induced Systemic Resistance by Trichoderma harzianum TH12 to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
abstract: Plants have the ability to resist pathogen attack after infection or treatment with biotic and abiotic elicitors. In oilseed rape plant Brassica napus AACC and in the artificially synthesized Raphanus alboglabra RRCC, the root-colonizing Trichoderma harzianum TH12 fungus triggers induced systemic resistance (ISR), and its culture filtrate (CF) triggers a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) response against infection by the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET) are plant hormone signals that play important roles in the regulation of ISR and SAR. In this study, at six different time points (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days post-infection [dpi]), six resistance genes were used as markers of signaling pathways: JA/ET signaling used AOC3, PDF1.2 and ERF2 genes, while PR-1, TGA5 and TGA6 genes were used as markers of SA signaling. The results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that AOC3, PDF1.2 and ERF2 expression levels in infected leaves of AACC and RRCC increase at 1 and 2 dpi with S. sclerotiorum or inoculation with TH12. PR-1, TGA5 and TGA6 expression levels increased at 8 and 10 dpi in infected leaves. PR-1, TGA5 and TGA6 expression levels increased early in plants treated with CF in both of the healthy genotypes. Furthermore, induction of SA- and JA/ET-dependent defense decreased disease symptoms in infected leaves at different times. The results suggest that the RRCC genotype exhibits resistance to disease and that the ability of TH12 and its CF to induce systemic resistance in susceptible and resistant oilseed rape genotypes exists. In addition, the results indicate for the first time that in RRCC the SA signaling pathway is involved in resistance to necrotrophic pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.|Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.
authors.forename: Jawadayn Talib
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Alkooranee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Tamarah Raad
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Aledan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ali Kadhim
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xuekun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jiangsheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.|Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.
authors.forename: Maoteng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-0817
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D060467:Disease Resistance; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D010940:Plant Proteins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D020156:Salicylic Acid