title: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of Thyroid dysfunction among Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional hospital-based study is conducted to find out the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. 713 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects were enrolled in the survey. These subjects were investigated for fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM was found in 16.2%. Gender-specific prevalence found higher in females (25%) compared to males (10.1%) (P<0.001). Age-specific prevalence found higher in the age group ≥50 yrs. (19%) Compared to other age groups (P=0.036). Subjects with poor glycaemic control demonstrated higher prevalence (27.9%) (P=0.012). Subjects with long-standing T2DM had an increased risk for thyroid dysfunction (19.8%) though findings were not statistically significant. (P=0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction with T2DM (16.2%) was high in females compared to males and especially hypothyroidism being more typical. Failure to recognise the presence of thyroid dysfunction among T2DM patients may be a primary cause of poor management of diabetes. We recommend universal screening and regular monitoring of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients.
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, 590010, India. Electronic address: drmvjali@gmail.com.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jali
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, 590010, India; Department of Community Medicine, KLE University's J. N. Medical College, Belagavi, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kambar
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, 590010, India; Department of Paediatrics, KLE University's J. N. Medical College, Belagavi, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Sujata M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jali
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.affiliation: KLES Diabetes Centre, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi, 590010, India.
authors.forename: Prachi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nalawade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D013963:Thyroid Hormones
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism