title: The ultrastructural characterization of mitochondria-rich cells as a response to variations in salinity in two types of teleostean pseudobranch: milkfish (Chanos chanos) and Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus).
abstract: The pseudobranchs of two euryhaline teleost species, the milkfish (Chanos chanos) and the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), were studied after acclimization to different salinities using optical and electron microscopy. The milkfish pseudobranch was the lamellae-free type, with separate lamellae along the filaments containing two groups of mitochondria (Mt)-rich cells: chloride cells (CCs) and pseudobranch type cells (PSCs). Conversely, the tilapia pseudobranch was the embedded type, covered with connective tissues and with only one group of Mt-rich PSCs. Chloride cells were identified according to the apical openings and branched tubular networks around randomly distributed and diversely shaped Mt. Pseudobranchs type cells, however, were characterized according to the orderly arrangement of parallel tubules around closely packed Mt; both the tubules and the Mt were distributed in the vascular side of the cell, but were absent from the apical region. Compared with those of seawater (SW)-acclimated milkfish, the pseudobranchial lamellae of freshwater (FW) specimens were longer on average, and the Mt of the CCs had fewer cristae, were less electron-dense, and were often vacuolated. The Mt in the PSCs of FW-acclimated milkfish and tilapia were larger and more electron-dense than those of their SW-acclimated counterparts; in addition, more tubules were found to aggregately surround the Mt and basolateral membranes in the PSCs of fish from the hypo-osmotic environment. Conversely, the PSCs of tilapia were periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive, and Mt in PSCs were concentrated with more parallel arrays of the tubule system than those of milkfish. Therefore, salinity-dependent changes in the ultrastructures of PSCs suggest their potential role in energy metabolism of both lamellae-free and embedded pseudobranchs, whereas the PAS-positive staining characteristics suggest a role in releasing or storaging polysaccharides in the embedded pseudobranch. J. Morphol. 278:390-402, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.|Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jeng-Dau
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 709, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Kai
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.|Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Kai
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ni
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.|Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Han
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3542-4335
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D005618:Fresh Water; D005880:Gills / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D054712:Salinity; D055049:Salt Tolerance; D012623:Seawater
keywords: chloride cells; osmoregulation; pseudobranch type cells; salinity effects on fish