title: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a Hydrogel-Based Microneedle Device for Transdermal Electro-Modulated Analgesia.
abstract: With a significant portion of the world suffering from chronic pain, the management and treatment of this condition still requires extensive research to successfully mobilize and functionalize its sufferers. This article details the in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a transdermal electro-modulated hydrogel-microneedle array (EMHM) device for the treatment of chronic pain. In vitro characterization of the electro-modulated hydrogel was undertaken before the determination of the in vivo release, histopathologic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the EMHM in a Sprague Dawley rat model. Pharmacokinetic modeling was conducted to establish a level A in vitro-in vivo correlation. Data analysis was carried out by segmenting the combined in vivo release profile into individualistic profiles before analysis.
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Sunaina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Indermun
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Yahya E
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Choonara
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: du Toit
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Girish
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands; MyLife Technologies BV, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Microsystems Group and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven Q2 5600MB, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Luttge
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
authors.forename: Mershen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Govender
authors.affiliation: Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Parktown 2193, South Africa. Electronic address: viness.pillay@wits.ac.za.
authors.forename: Viness
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pillay
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate
keywords: Hydrogels; IVIVC; pharmacokinetics; responsive drug delivery; skin; transdermal drug delivery