title: Encapsulation of Spherical Cross-Linked Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase Aggregates in Mesoporous Biosilica.
abstract: Cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) have recently emerged as a promising tool for enzyme immobilization because of their simplicity and low cost. However, a lack of good size and morphological control over the as-prepared CLEAs has limited their practical applications. For example, the prepared CLEAs exhibit amorphous large clusters that would cause significant mass-transfer limitations, which lead to a low catalytic efficiency. Here, inspired by biomineralized core-shell structures in nature, we develop a novel mesoporous spherical CLEA with a biosilica shell by using phenylalanine ammonia lyase based on CaCO3microtemplates and biomimetic mineralization. The resultant CLEAs exhibited a spherical structure with good monodispersity instead of the amorphous clusters of conventional CLEAs and showed activity higher than that of conventional CLEAs. Moreover, the thermostability, tolerance against denaturants, and mechanical stability of the spherical CLEAs with a biosilica shell were enhanced significantly compared with those of conventional CLEAs. In particular, the spherical CLEAs with a biosilica shell retained 70% of their original activity after 13 cycles, whereas the conventional CLEAs retained only 35% of their original activity. This approach could be an efficient strategy for improving the catalytic properties of CLEAs.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.|Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-530X
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.|Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yamin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yuxiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Fermentation Engineering of Hebei, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology , 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhang 050000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhilei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shiru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jia
mesh_terms: D055162:Biocatalysis; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000737:chemistry; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase / Q000737:chemistry*; D012248:Rhodotorula / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D010650:Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase
keywords: CaCO3 microtemplates; biomimetic mineralization; immobilization enzyme; spherical CLEAs