title: Establishment of An Alloxan-induced Diabetes Model in Daphnia Pulex.
abstract: Objective To establish a Daphnia model of alloxan-induced diabetes. Methods Daphnia were exposed to three different concentrations of alloxan (3, 5, and 10 mmol/L) for 30 minutes. Blood glucose and survival rate were recorded for 72 hours after alloxan insult. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic inference for glucose transporters (GLUT) were clustered with the maximum-likelihood method. Using reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques, we investigated the transcriptional changes of GLUT at 12 hours after alloxan (5 mmol/L) exposure. Results Compared with control, 3 mmol/L, and 5 mmol/L as well as 10 mmol/L alloxan initially induced transient blood glucose decline by 15% for 2 hours and 12 hours respectively. In Daphnia with 5 and 10 mmol/L alloxan, their blood glucose was persistently raised by about 150% since after 24-hour insult. Survival rate of Daphnia exposure to alloxan with concentrations of 3, 5, and 10 mmol/L were 90%, 75%, and 25% respectively. We predicted seven GLUT genes in the Daphnia genome and successfully amplified them using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Two of seven GLUT transcripts were down-regulated in Daphnia with 5 mmol/L alloxan-induced diabetes. Conclusion Alloxan-induced diabetes model was successfully established in the Daphnia pulex, suggesting diabetes-relevant experiments can be conducted using Daphnia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: An-Min
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Gui-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: DU
mesh_terms: D000496:Alloxan; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003621:Daphnia; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D010802:Phylogeny; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051246:Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative; D000496:Alloxan