title: Cardiobacterium hominisandCardiobacterium valvarum: Two Case Stories with Infective Episodes in Pacemaker Treated Patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiobacterium hominisandCardiobacterium valvarumare well known, though rare, etiologic agents of infective endocarditis. Cardiac devices are increasingly implanted.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases of infective episodes in pacemaker (PM) treated patients with respectivelyC. hominisandC. valvarumare presented. In one case blood-culture bottles yielded growth ofC. hominisat two episodes with two years apart. At the second episode a vegetation was recognized at the PM lead and the PM device and lead was removed. In theC. valvarumcase, echocardiography revealed a bicuspid aortic valve with severe regurgitation and a more than 1 cm sized vegetation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cases illustrate the diversity in disease severity byCardiobacterium species.Careful follow up has to be performed in order not to overlook a relatively silent relapsing infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tina Bennett
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Bonavent
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Xiaohui Chen
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kjeld Skødebjerg
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Nikolaj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ihlemann
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jens Jørgen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Christensen
keywords: Antibiotic treatment; Cardiac device; Cardiobacterium hominis; Cardiobacterium valvarum; Infective endocarditis