title: [Effect of meal frequency and carbohydrate intake on the metabolic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing meal frequency is commonly used in the clinical practice as part of the nutritional treatment of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), although its effect on metabolic control parameters is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association of energy intake, meal frequency, and amount of carbohydrates with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in a group of patients with DM2 without insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dietary intake was evaluated in 60 subjects with DM2 through three-day food records. The meal frequency was estimated establishing the main meal times considering snacks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meal frequency was 4.7 ± 1.1 times per day. There was a positive association between glycosylated and fasting blood glucose levels (p <0.01). Meal frequency was associated with energy intake (p <0.01). When meal frequency, available carbohydrates and energy intake, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose were analyzed in a multiple linear regression model, fasting blood glucose was the variable that best predicted changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (45.5%). Meal frequency had no association with glycosylated hemoglobin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Meal frequency showed no association with metabolic control parameters in DM2 patients.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, kbasfifer@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Leiva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, kbasfifer@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Basfi-Fer
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, kbasfifer@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, kbasfifer@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, kbasfifer@med.uchile.cl.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruz O
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin