title: Use of Treatment and Counseling Services and Mind-Body Techniques by Students With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties.
abstract: School-based treatment and counseling services (TCSs) can integrate mind-body techniques (MBTs) to improve children's health, wellness, and academic performance. We aimed to describe the effect of school-based TCS on MBT-use among students experiencing difficulties with concentration, emotions, behaviors, and getting along (DCEBG).
  
  
  
  National Health Interview Survey data were utilized (N2007= 1225; N2012= 1835). Logistic regression examined associations between TCS-type and MBT-use, while propensity score matching controlled for confounders in the prematch sample.
  
  
  
  Compared with children without DCEBG, MBT-use was higher among children with DCEBG, but it decreased from 2007 (9.7%) to 2012 (5.1%). Receipt of school-based TCS increased from 2007 (11.3%) to 2012 (33.9%). Receipt of school-only TCS, compared with nonschool-only TCS, was associated with lower MBT-use (OR2007= 0.20; OR2012= 0.54). After matching, this difference remained for 2007 (tprematch= -2.77; tpostmatch= -2.00), but not 2012 (tprematch= -2.53; tpostmatch= -0.88). School-only TCS-use increased with family activity limitations; in 2012, it decreased with higher parental education. Mind-body techniques-use was higher in girls and associated with higher parental education and family activity limitations.
  
  
  
  While the relative increase of MBT integration by school-based TCS is commendable and further encouraged, school mental health practitioners should account for the differential effects of family-level factors on TCS-choice and MBT-use.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: Wasantha
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jayawardene
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbe
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lohrmann
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street, Bloomington, IN 47405.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torabi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012572:School Health Services; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: complementary and alternative medicine; emotional health; mental health; mind-body techniques; treatment and counseling services