title: The Effect of Anakinra on Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Paclitaxel is used in the treatment of cancer, and it may cause interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-related peripheral neuropathic pain. While our primary aim was to investigate the analgesic efficacy of an IL-1β antagonist, a secondary outcome was to assess whether a correlation exists between analgesic effects and antioxidant activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 24 albino Wistar male rats were divided into the following groups: paclitaxel-control, paclitaxel+50 mg kg-1anakinra, paclitaxel+100 mg kg-1anakinra and healthy group (HG). After the normal paw pain threshold in all animal groups was measured using a Basile algesimeter, a single dose of 2 mg kg-1paclitaxel was intraperitoneally administered on the 1st, 3rd, 5thand 7thdays. Anakinra was intraperitoneally administered following the final paclitaxel administration. The paw pain thresholds in the groups were measured before and seven days after paclitaxel administration and at the 1stand 3rdhours after anakinra administration. After the third hour of measurement, the rats were killed with high doses of ketamine, and the paw tissues were removed. Malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase and total glutathione levels were measured in claw tissues, and IL-1β gene expression was determined. The biochemical results were compared with the results of the HG; in the meanwhile the claw pain threshold results were compared with the results obtained after the last paclitaxel and the results obtained from the 1stand 3rdhours after the anakinra application.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The claw paw pain threshold of the rats decreased one and three hours after anakinra administration. Further, 100 mg kg-1anakinra had greater analgesic activity than 50 mg kg-1anakinra. A correlation was found between the antioxidant and analgesic activities of 100 mg kg-1anakinra.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anakinra may be useful to reduce paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain; further, 100 mg kg-1anakinra may have greater analgesic and antioxidant activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kuyrukluyıldız
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlke
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Küpeli
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zehra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bedir
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Özgür
authors.initials: Ö
authors.lastname: Özmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Didem
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Onk
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bahadır
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Süleyman
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Renad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mammadov
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey.
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Süleyman
keywords: Paclitaxel; anakinra; oxidative stress; pain; peripheral neuropathy