title: A Strategy to Establish a Quality Assurance/Quality Control Plan for the Application of Biosensors for the Detection of E. coli in Water.
abstract: Rapid bacterial detection using biosensors is a novel approach for microbiological testing applications. Validation of such methods is an obstacle in the adoption of new bio-sensing technologies for water testing. Therefore, establishing a quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) plan is essential to demonstrate accuracy and reliability of the biosensor method for the detection ofE. coliin drinking water samples. In this study, different reagents and assay conditions including temperatures, holding time,E. colistrains and concentrations, dissolving agents, salinity and pH effects, quality of substrates of various suppliers of 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (MUG), and environmental water samples were included in the QA/QC plan and used in the assay optimization and documentation. Furthermore, the procedural QA/QC for the monitoring of drinking water samples was established to validate the performance of the biosensor platform for the detection ofE. coliusing a culture-based standard technique. Implementing the developed QA/QC plan, the same level of precision and accuracy was achieved using both the standard and the biosensor methods. The established procedural QA/QC for the biosensor will provide a reliable tool for a near real-time monitoring ofE. coliin drinking water samples to both industry and regulatory authorities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. nhesari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nikou
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hesari
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Sakarya 54187, Turkey. nkiratli@sakarya.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Nursel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kıratlı Yılmazçoban
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. moelzein@msn.com.
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elzein
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. absar.alum@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Absar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alum
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil, Environmental & Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. abbaszadegan@asu.edu.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abbaszadegan
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D054712:Salinity; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000592:standards*; D060753:Water Quality
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media
keywords: ">d-glucuronides’; E. coli; MUG substrate; drinking water; quality assurance/quality control; rapid bacterial detection; β-