title: Progress of Research on Diffuse Axonal Injury after Traumatic Brain Injury.
abstract: The current work reviews the concept, pathological mechanism, and process of diagnosing of DAI. The pathological mechanism underlying DAI is complicated, including axonal breakage caused by axonal retraction balls, discontinued protein transport along the axonal axis, calcium influx, and calpain-mediated hydrolysis of structural protein, degradation of axonal cytoskeleton network, the changes of transport proteins such as amyloid precursor protein, and changes of glia cells. Based on the above pathological mechanism, the diagnosis of DAI is usually made using methods such as CT, traditional and new MRI, biochemical markers, and neuropsychological assessment. This review provides a basis in literature for further investigation and discusses the pathological mechanism. It may also facilitate improvement of the accuracy of diagnosis for DAI, which may come to play a critical role in breaking through the bottleneck of the clinical treatment of DAI and improving the survival and quality of life of patients through clear understanding of pathological mechanisms and accurate diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Suzhou 266021, China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Suzhou 266021, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4432-8951
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0758-1907
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000639:trends*; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020833:Diffuse Axonal Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000639:trends; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology