title: Gelatin Particle-Stabilized High-Internal Phase Emulsions for Use in Oral Delivery Systems: Protection Effect and in Vitro Digestion Study.
abstract: The potential application of Pickering high-internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) in the food and pharmaceutical industries has yet to be fully developed. Herein, we synthesized fairly monodisperse, nontoxic, autofluorescent gelatin particles for use as sole stabilizers for fabricating oil-in-water (O/W) HIPEs in an effort to improve the protection and bioaccessibility of entrapped β-carotene. Our results showed that the concentration of gelatin particles determined the formation, microstructure, droplet size distribution, and digestion profile of the HIPEs. For storage stability, the retention of β-carotene in HIPEs was significantly higher than in dispersion in bulk oil, even after storage for 27 days. In addition, in vitro digestion experiments indicated that the bioaccessibility of β-carotene was improved 5-fold in HIPEs. This study will help establish a correlation between the physicochemical properties of gelatin particle-stabilized HIPEs with their applications in the oral delivery of bioactive nutraceuticals.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu 610052, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu 610052, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lifeng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Sisi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University , Chengdu 610052, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaojun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3211-3985
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gou
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: To
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7207-6878
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ngai
mesh_terms: D004063:Digestion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism*; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010316:Particle Size; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D019207:beta Carotene; D005780:Gelatin
keywords: Pickering high-internal phase emulsion; bioaccessibility; gelatin particle; in vitro digestion; β-carotene