title: Prognostic factors and 5-year survival of patients with carcinoma penis: Tertiary health center study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To identify prognostic factors in carcinoma penis with its impact on survival.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To find out the relation of various prognostic factors of carcinoma penis with the various outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient diagnosed as having carcinoma of penis by incision biopsy and operated from January 2004 to May 2009 at the institute was included in the study (n = 117). Data were collected and analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chi-square (χ2) test was used to test for the significance of association between the independent (predictor) and dependent (outcome) variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictor variables that predicted the outcome. Five year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total 117 patients studied, 30 patients died within 5 years (median = 25 months). Recurrences (local or systemic) were seen in 23 patients (median = 14 months). Five-year DFS was 80.34% and OS was 72.22%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that well to moderately differentiated grade, lymph node negative disease and low stage have higher survivals than poorly differentiated grade, lymph node positive disease and higher stage, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that inguinal lymph node positivity and grade were significantly associated with local or systemic recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Penile cancer patients with advanced disease had poor survival. Tumor grade and inguinal lymph node metastasis are factors affecting DFS. Lymphadenectomy remains an integral part of the management of patients with penile cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Panjwani
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan, Phulwari Sharif, Patna, Bihar, India.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers; D055815:Young Adult