title: Correlative Super-Resolution Microscopy: New Dimensions and New Opportunities.
abstract: Correlative microscopy, the integration of two or more microscopy techniques performed on the same sample, produces results that emphasize the strengths of each technique while offsetting their individual weaknesses. Light microscopy has historically been a central method in correlative microscopy due to its widespread availability, compatibility with hydrated and live biological samples, and excellent molecular specificity through fluorescence labeling. However, conventional light microscopy can only achieve a resolution of ∼300 nm, undercutting its advantages in correlations with higher-resolution methods. The rise of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) over the past decade has drastically improved the resolution of light microscopy to ∼10 nm, thus creating exciting new opportunities and challenges for correlative microscopy. Here we review how these challenges are addressed to effectively correlate SRM with other microscopy techniques, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, cryomicroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and various forms of spectroscopy. Though we emphasize biological studies, we also discuss the application of correlative SRM to materials characterization and single-molecule reactions. Finally, we point out current limitations and discuss possible future improvements and advances. We thus demonstrate how a correlative approach adds new dimensions of information and provides new opportunities in the fast-growing field of SRM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Doory
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2575-9684
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-194X
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D008853:Microscopy; D061848:Optical Imaging