title: The presence of MWCNTs reduces developmental toxicity of PFOS in early life stage of zebrafish.
abstract: Both carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are used widely. There is considerable concern regarding their ecotoxicity. CNTs might interact with PFOS in water and result in different impacts compared with those after single exposures. To our knowledge, the developmental toxicity of PFOS in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the early life stage of zebrafish (from 3 h post fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf) was investigated for the first time in this study. The embryos and larvae were exposed to PFOS (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/L), MWCNTs (50 mg/L), and a mixture of both. Compared with PFOS exposure, the adverse effects induced by PFOS on the hatching rate of zebrafish embryos and the heart rate and body length of zebrafish larvae were reduced in the presence of MWCNTs, and mortality and malformation were also alleviated. In addition, zebrafish larvae exposed to PFOS showed decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, in the presence of MWCNTs, indicating that oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation was relieved. Thus, the presence of MWCNTs reduces the developmental toxicity of PFOS in the early life stage of zebrafish.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150028, China. Electronic address: wshutao@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shutao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150028, China; Life Science and Environmental Science Research Center, Harbin Institute of Commerce, Harbin 150028, China. Electronic address: 554816588@qq.com.
authors.forename: Changlu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150028, China. Electronic address: 532158064@qq.com.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150028, China. Electronic address: 569271730@qq.com.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150028, China. Electronic address: youhong@hit.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: You
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D037742:Nanotubes, Carbon; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: Developmental toxicity; Lipid peroxidation (LPO); Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); Oxidative stress; Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); Zebrafish embryo and larvae