title: Adenotonsillectomy to treat obstructive sleep apnea: Is it enough?
abstract: Although adenotonsillectomy is the first line treatment for children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (0SAS),1improvement in objectively documented outcomes is often inadequate and a substantial number of children have residual disease. Early recognition and treatment of children with persistent OSAS is required to prevent long-term morbidity. The management of these children is frequently complex and a multidisciplinary approach is required as most of them have additional risk factors for OSAS and comorbidities. In this paper, we first provide an overview of children at risk for persistent disease following adenotonsillectomy. Thereafter, we discuss different diagnostic modalities to evaluate the sites of persistent upper airway obstruction and the currently available treatment options. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:699-709. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boudewyns
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Laboratory, University of Thessaly School of Medicine and Larissa University Hospital, Larissa, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.affiliation: University of Rome "La Sapienza" School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.|Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evangelisti
authors.affiliation: First Department of Paediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, University of Athens School of Medicine and Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaditis
authors.affiliation: Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miano
authors.affiliation: University of Rome "La Sapienza" School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.|Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Sant' Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Verhulst
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adenotonsillectomy; apnea; children; treatment; upper airway