title: Comparison between two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration in the treatment of peri-implantitis. A histomorphometric study in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study used a dog model to evaluate two antimicrobial protocols with or without guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the surgical reconstruction of peri-implantitis defects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight beagle dogs subject to ligature-induced peri-implantitis were used. The animals either received antimicrobial photodynamic therapy or topical tetracycline hydrochloride combined with GBR or as stand-alone surgical interventions. Block biopsies of the defect sites for histological analysis were obtained at euthanasia, 12 weeks postsurgery. The primary outcome of the study was re-osseointegration; secondary outcomes included alveolar bone gain and remaining defect characteristics. The effects of the implant site, early exposure, and type of antimicrobial protocol on bone regeneration were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between the two antimicrobial protocols, and the adjunctive use of GBR failed to significantly improve re-osseointegration or bone gain using either protocol. Buccal sites and implant early exposure negatively affected bone regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both antimicrobial therapies stand-alone or combined with GBR allowed similar and limited bone gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Umberto Demoner
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3759-1364
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia Adelino
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Suaid
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.initials: UME
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Regeneration, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Susin
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taba
authors.affiliation: Department of Bucco-Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Traumatology, and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Arthur Belém
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Novaes
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D016557:Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D057873:Peri-Implantitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D013752:Tetracycline
keywords: animal experiments; biomaterials; bone regeneration; bone substitutes; guided tissue regeneration; wound healing