title: The function of cathepsins B, D, and X in atherosclerosis.
abstract: Cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes typically located within the lysosomes of macrophages. Once released, they can enhance the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis. Cathepsin X aids in the migration of T-lymphocytes and the release of cytokines. Cathepsin D modifies low-density lipoprotein to promote its uptake by macrophages and its subsequent foam cell formation. Furthermore, cathepsin D regulates apoptosis. Cathepsin B degrades the extracellular matrix within the arterial intima. Together, they increase plaque vulnerability. This evidence suggests that cathepsins play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT; Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, NC.
authors.forename: Caroline F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston Salem, NC.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
keywords: Atherosclerosis; TNF-alpha; apoptosis; cathepsin; low density lipoprotein; vulnerable plaque