title: Mixed compared with single-source proteins in high-protein diets affect kidney structure and function differentially in obese fa/fa Zucker rats.
abstract: Questions remain regarding the potential negative effects of dietary high protein (HP) on kidney health, particularly in the context of obesity in which the risk for renal disease is already increased. To examine whether some of the variability in HP effects on kidney health may be due to source of protein, obese fa/fa Zucker rats were given HP (35% of energy from protein) diets containing either casein, soy protein, or a mixed source of animal and plant proteins for 12 weeks. Control lean and obese rats were given diets containing casein at normal protein (15% of energy from protein) levels. Body weight and blood pressure were measured, and markers of renal structural changes, damage, and function were assessed. Obesity alone resulted in mild renal changes, as evidenced by higher kidney weights, proteinuria, and glomerular volumes. In obese rats, increasing the protein level using the single, but not mixed, protein sources resulted in higher renal fibrosis compared with the lean rats. The mixed-protein HP group also had lower levels of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, even though this diet further increased kidney and glomerular size. Soy and mixed-protein HP diets also resulted in a small number of damaged glomeruli, while soy compared with mixed-protein HP diet delayed the increase in blood pressure over time. Since obesity itself confers added risk of renal disease, an HP diet from mixed-protein sources that enables weight loss but has fewer risks to renal health may be advantageous.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jessay G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Devassy
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Naser H M
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.|c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zahradka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|b Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada.|c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.|d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Carla G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.affiliation: a Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.|c Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada.|d Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada.
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Aukema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002149:Energy Intake; D005355:Fibrosis; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D009929:Organ Size; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015430:Weight Gain
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002364:Caseins; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D030262:Soybean Proteins
keywords: apport riche en protéines; fibrose; fibrosis; high protein diet; hypertrophie rénale; kidney health; lésion rénale; obesity; obésité; protein source; renal damage; renal hypertrophy; santé rénale; sources protéiques