title: Coffee Intake Is Associated with a Lower Liver Stiffness in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Hepatitis C, and Hepatitis B.
abstract: There is emerging evidence for the positive effects or benefits of coffee in patients with liver disease. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to determine the effects of coffee intake on a non-invasive marker of liver fibrosis: liver stiffness assessed by transient elastography (TE). We assessed coffee and tea intake and measured TE in 1018 patients with NAFLD, HCV, and HBV (155 with NAFLD, 378 with HCV and 485 with HBV). Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed taking into account potential confounders. Liver stiffness was higher in males compared to females (p< 0.05). Patients with HBV had lower liver stiffness than those with HCV and NAFLD. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, M or XL probe, and disease state (NAFLD, HCV, and HBV status), those who drank 2 or more cups of coffee per day had a lower liver stiffness (p= 0.044). Tea consumption had no effect (p= 0.9). Coffee consumption decreases liver stiffness, which may indicate less fibrosis and inflammation, independent of disease state. This study adds further evidence to the notion of coffee maybe beneficial in patients with liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia. alex.hodge@monash.edu.|Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. alex.hodge@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. sarah146lim@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. ektgoh@outlook.com.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. Ophelia.Wong@monashhealth.org.
authors.forename: Ophelia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. philmarsh11@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia. virginia.knight@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Monash Health, Melbourne 3168, Australia. william.sievert@monash.edu.|Centre for Inflammatory Disease, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. william.sievert@monash.edu.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.affiliation: Monash Centre for Health, Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia. barbora.decourten@monash.edu.
authors.forename: Barbora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Courten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003069:Coffee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D013662:Tea
keywords: coffee; elastography; functional foods; liver disease