title: Evaluation of Biochemical Markers Serum Amylase and Serum Lipase for the Assessment of Pancreatic Exocrine Function in Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia, associated with deficiency or resistance to insulin indicates endocrinal abnormality of the pancreas. Amylase and lipase are enzymes secreted by the exocrine portion of the pancreas. Endocrinal derangement observed in diabetes may interfere with the exocrine function of the pancreas.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the levels of fasting blood sugar, serum lipase, serum amylase in patients of type 1 and type 2 DM. Than comparing them with healthy controls and to study the effect of type 1 and type 2 DM on pancreatic exocrine function using serum levels of amylase and lipase as biochemical marker.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at GMERS Medical College and Hospital from Dec 2015 to July 2016. Thirty patients of type 1 DM and 30 patients of type 2 DM, who were already diagnosed and taking treatment, were included in this study. A total number of 30 apparently healthy individuals were recruited as the control group in our study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the cases as well as the controls and they were analysed by using semi auto analyser for blood glucose, serum amylase and serum lipase. The results were analysed statistically by using SPSS software. Values were expressed as means ± SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found statistically significant (p<0.01) low values for serum amylase and serum lipase in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM as compared to healthy controls. Fasting blood sugar was significantly higher in cases as compared to controls. We found negative correlation of fasting blood sugar level with serum amylase and serum lipase and positive correlation of serum amylase with serum lipase in both type 1 and type 2 DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study clearly demonstrated that in type 1 and type 2 DM, there was increase in fasting blood sugar with decrease in serum amylase and serum lipase which signifies the derangement of endocrine-exocrine axis of the pancreas. Serum amylase and serum lipase can be used as biochemical markers for assessment of pancreatic exocrine function.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, GMERS , Medical College, Valsad, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Mahesh Basavaraj
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Madole
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Indira Gandhi Medical College , Nagpur, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Senior Resident, Department of Dentistry, GMERS, Medical College , Valsad, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Mamatha Thimmanna
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Madivalar
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Govt. Medical College Latur, Maharashtra, India .
authors.forename: Satish Kishanrao
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wadde
authors.affiliation: Professor, Department of Anatomy, GMERS, Medical College , Valsad, Gujarat, India .
authors.forename: Deepak Sadashiv
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Howale
keywords: Endocrine- exocrine axis; Fasting blood sugar; Insulin resistance; Pancreatic enzymes; Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus