title: Interferon epsilon promotes HIV restriction at multiple steps of viral replication.
abstract: Interferon epsilon (IFNɛ) is a type I IFN that is expressed constitutively in the female reproductive tract (FRT), and contributes to protection in models of sexually transmitted infections. Using multiple cell systems, including reporter cell lines and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), we show that recombinant IFNɛ impairs HIV infection at stage(s) post HIV entry and up to the translation of viral proteins. Consistent with this, IFNɛ upregulated a number of host cell restriction factors that block HIV at these stages of the replication cycle. The potency of IFNɛ induction of these HIV restriction factors was comparable to conventional type I IFNs, namely IFNα and IFNβ. IFNɛ also significantly reduced the infectivity of progeny virion particles likely by inducing expression of HIV restriction factors, such as IFITM3, which act at that stage of infection. Thus, our data demonstrate that human IFNɛ suppresses HIV replication at multiple stages of infection.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garcia-Minambres
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sahar G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Eid
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Niamh E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Mangan
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pade
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: San S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Antony Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Nicole A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: de Weerd
authors.affiliation: Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.|Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hertzog
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.|CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Johnson
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5229-5707
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mak
mesh_terms: D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D007372:Interferons / Q000378:metabolism*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014771:Virion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C524005:IFNE protein, human; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D007372:Interferons