title: The Association of Musculoskeletal Pain with Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.
abstract: Pain and osteoporosis are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and lower bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis may be associated with an increased risk of reporting to have pain in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between the pain subtypes and the BMD in patients with PD.
  
  
  
  We included 162 PD patients. Pain was assessed using the patients' descriptions, a structured interview, a detailed neurologic examination, and the Visual Analogue Scale. BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans.
  
  
  
  Of the 162 PD patients, 120 had chronic pain, while 42 reported no pain. The most prevalent type of pain was musculoskeletal, followed by radicular/neuropathic, dystonic, and central. PD patients with musculoskeletal pain had a lower BMD than PD patients without pain. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the low BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, and femoral neck were related to old age, female gender, low MBI, and the presence of musculoskeletal pain.
  
  
  
  PD patients with musculoskeletal pain have low BMD and are at risk for developing osteoporosis. If a PD patient has musculoskeletal pain and other risk factors related to low BMD, clinicians should consider screening for osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seong-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Byeong C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Geum-Jin
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Kyung Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Kang-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seung-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Man-Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myeong-Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D059352:Musculoskeletal Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors