title: Evolution of Cell-Autonomous Effector Mechanisms in Macrophages versus Non-Immune Cells.
abstract: Specialized adaptations for killing microbes are synonymous with phagocytic cells including macrophages, monocytes, inflammatory neutrophils, and eosinophils. Recent genome sequencing of extant species, however, reveals that analogous antimicrobial machineries exist in certain non-immune cells and also within species that ostensibly lack a well-defined immune system. Here we probe the evolutionary record for clues about the ancient and diverse phylogenetic origins of macrophage killing mechanisms and how some of their properties are shared with cells outside the traditional bounds of immunity in higher vertebrates such as mammals.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.|Yale Systems Biology Institute.|Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
authors.forename: Ryan G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gaudet
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.|Yale Systems Biology Institute.|Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
authors.forename: Clinton J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bradfield
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815.|Yale Systems Biology Institute.|Departments of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: MacMicking
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010587:Phagocytosis