title: Harvesting Ambient Vibration Energy over a Wide Frequency Range for Self-Powered Electronics.
abstract: Vibration is one of the most common energy sources in ambient environment. Harvesting vibration energy is a promising route to sustainably drive small electronics. This work introduces an approach to scavenge vibrational energy over a wide frequency range as an exclusive power source for continuous operation of electronics. An elastic multiunit triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is rationally designed to efficiently harvest low-frequency vibration energy, which can provide a maximum instantaneous output power density of 102 W·m-3at as low as 7 Hz and maintain its stable current outputs from 5 to 25 Hz. A self-charging power unit (SCPU) combining the TENG and a 10 mF supercapacitor gives a continuous direct current (DC) power delivery of 1.14 mW at a power management efficiency of 45.6% at 20 Hz. The performance of the SCPU can be further enhanced by a specially designed power management circuit, with a continuous DC power of 2 mW and power management efficiency of 60% at 7 Hz. Electronics such as a thermometer, hygrometer, and speedometer can be sustainably powered solely by the harvested vibration energy from a machine or riding bicycle. This approach has potential applications in self-powered systems for environment monitoring, machine safety, and transportation.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.|State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.
authors.forename: Simiao
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1973-2204
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.|State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Yajiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Chenglong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7772-3280
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: You
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States.|Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Zhong Lin
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5530-0380
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: elastic structure; mechanical energy harvesting; triboelectric nanogenerator; vibrational energy