title: Left-sided gallbladder (Sinistroposition) encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A rare case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  True Left-sided gallbladder (LSG) is a rare anatomical variation with a prevalence of 0.3%. Mainly discovered during the operation, its surgical approach in the laparoscopic setting may be challenging even for an experienced surgeon.
  
  
  METHODS
  LSG was unexpectedly discovered in a young man during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There were no pre-operative indications of this sinistroposition. The laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed with minor surgical modifications and it was uneventful. A meticulous review of recent literature about LSGs was conducted as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSG is a scarce anatomical aberration that is difficultly identified pre-operatively. Surgeons should be aware of this aberration and of its accompanying anatomical variations in order to perform a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons, by placing the patient to left-side up position, are able to expose the Calot's triangle and possible accompanying anatomical anomalies and thus perform a safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy without difficult surgical modifications.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Menelaos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoulamoglou
authors.affiliation: Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flessas
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece; Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece. Electronic address: mzarokosta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarokosta
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece; Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piperos
authors.affiliation: Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Papapanagiotou
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Birbas
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Evangelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konstantinou
authors.affiliation: University Department of Surgery, General and Oncologic Hospital of Kifissia "Agii Anargiri", Athens, Greece; Anatomy and Histology Laboratory, Nursing School, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mariolis-Sapsakos
keywords: Left-sided gallbladder; Left-sided gallbladder laparoscopic cholecystectomy case report; Sinistroposition gallbladder