title: Secondary Analysis of an Electronic Surveillance System Combined with Multi-focal Interventions for Early Detection of Sepsis.
abstract: To conduct an independent secondary analysis of a multi-focal intervention for early detection of sepsis that included implementation of change management strategies, electronic surveillance for sepsis, and evidence based point of care alerting using the POC AdvisorTM application.
  
  
  
  Propensity score matching was used to select subsets of the cohorts with balanced covariates. Bootstrapping was performed to build distributions of the measured difference in rates/means. The effect of the sepsis intervention was evaluated for all patients, and High and Low Risk subgroups for illness severity. A separate analysis was performed patients on the intervention and non-intervention units (without the electronic surveillance). Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the alerting system for detecting sepsis or severe sepsis/ septic shock.
  
  
  
  There was positive effect on the intervention units with sepsis electronic surveillance with an adjusted mortality rate of -6.6%. Mortality rates for non-intervention units also improved, but at a lower rate of -2.9%. Additional outcomes improved for patients on both intervention and non-intervention units for home discharge (7.5% vs 1.1%), total length of hospital stay (-0.9% vs -0.3%), and 30 day readmissions (-6.6% vs -1.6%). Patients on the intervention units showed better outcomes compared with non-intervention unit patients, and even more so for High Risk patients. The sensitivity was 95.2%, specificity of 82.0% and PPV of 50.6% for the electronic surveillance alerts.
  
  
  
  There was improvement over time across the hospital for patients on the intervention and non-intervention units with more improvement for sicker patients. Patients on intervention units with electronic surveillance have better outcomes; however, due to differences in exclusion criteria and types of units, further study is needed to draw a direct relationship between the electronic surveillance system and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Bonnie L. Westra, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI, University of Minnesota, School of Nursing, 308 Harvard St SE, WDH 5-140, Minneapolis, MN, USA 55455, Email: westr006@umn.edu.
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Westra
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landman
authors.forename: Pranjul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinbach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020000:Decision Support Systems, Clinical; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062486:Public Health Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Sepsis; clinical decision support; electronic surveillance; informatics; sepsis outcomes