title: Braden scale (ALB) for assessing pressure ulcer risk in hospital patients: A validity and reliability study.
abstract: The inter-rater reliability of Braden Scale is not so good. We modified the Braden(ALB) scale by defining nutrition subscale based on serum albumin, then assessed it's the validity and reliability in hospital patients.
  
  
  
  We designed a retrospective study for validity analysis, and a prospective study for reliability analysis. Receiver operating curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive validity. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to investigate the inter-rater reliability.
  
  
  
  Two thousand five hundred twenty-five patients were included for validity analysis, 76 patients (3.0%) developed pressure ulcer. Positive correlation was found between serum albumin and nutrition score in Braden scale (Spearman's coefficient 0.2203, P<0.0001). The AUCs for Braden scale and Braden(ALB) scale predicting pressure ulcer risk were 0.813 (95% CI 0.797-0.828; P<0.0001), and 0.859 (95% CI 0.845-0.872; P<0.0001), respectively. The Braden(ALB) scale was even more valid than the Braden scale (z=1.860, P=0.0628). In different age subgroups, the Braden(ALB) scale seems also more valid than the original Braden scale, but no statistically significant differences were found (P>0.05). The inter-rater reliability study showed the ICC-value for nutrition increased 45.9%, and increased 4.3% for total score.
  
  
  
  The Braden(ALB) scale has similar validity compared with the original Braden scale for in hospital patients. However, the inter-rater reliability was significantly increased.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Hong-Lin
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China. Electronic address: pphss@126.com.
authors.forename: Ying-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, PR China.
authors.forename: Bao-Sha
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Huai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Braden scale; Pressure ulcer; Reliability; Serum albumin; Validity