title: Conservation vs divergence in LEAFY and APETALA1 functions between Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta.
abstract: A conserved genetic toolkit underlies the development of diverse floral forms among angiosperms. However, the degree of conservation vs divergence in the configuration of these gene regulatory networks is less clear. We addressed this question in a parallel genetic study between the closely related species Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta. We identified leafy (lfy) and apetala1 (ap1) alleles in a mutant screen for floral regulators in C. hirsuta. C. hirsuta lfy mutants showed a complete homeotic conversion of flowers to leafy shoots, mimicking lfy ap1 double mutants in A. thaliana. Through genetic and molecular experiments, we showed that AP1 activation is fully dependent on LFY in C. hirsuta, by contrast to A. thaliana. Additionally, we found that LFY influences heteroblasty in C. hirsuta, such that loss or gain of LFY function affects its progression. Overexpression of UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS also alters C. hirsuta leaf shape in an LFY-dependent manner. We found that LFY and AP1 are conserved floral regulators that act nonredundantly in C. hirsuta, such that LFY has more obvious roles in floral and leaf development in C. hirsuta than in A. thaliana.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monniaux
authors.affiliation: Plant Sciences Department, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: McKim
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cartolano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant & Cell Physiology, CNRS, CEA, University of Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thévenon
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant & Cell Physiology, CNRS, CEA, University of Grenoble Alpes, INRA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parcy
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Miltos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsiantis
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hay
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D031217:Cardamine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D035264:Flowers / Q000502:physiology; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000502:physiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C091535:AP1 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C074747:LFY protein, Arabidopsis; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors
keywords: 
  APETALA1
  ; 
  Cardamine hirsuta
  ; 
  LEAFY
  ; comparative development; leaf shape