title: Effect of water chemistry on disinfection by-product formation in the complex surface water system.
abstract: The relationship between the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed with chlorination and chloramination techniques and the water chemistry of Haihe River was compared. Samples were collected at 28 different points within the mainstream and tributaries of the river. The DBPs investigated include trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), haloketones (HKs), and trichloronitromethane. THMs formed when the samples were chlorinated mostly exceeded 100 and 600 μg/L in the mainstream and tributaries and in the estuary, respectively. A similar trend was obtained for HAAs whose concentrations exceeded 150 μg/L in almost all samples. The amounts of DBPs formed when the samples were chloraminated were much lower than when chlorination was used. The concentrations and species of THMs and HAAs in samples collected from sites near the estuary were different from those in samples collected from the mainstream, which may be due to high concentrations of Cl-and Br-. Although natural organic matter is the major cause of DBP formation during water disinfection, this study shows that other water chemistry factors such as salt composition and concentrations may also considerably affect the formation of DBPs in natural aquatic systems.
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China.
authors.forename: Rongjie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States.
authors.forename: Adeyemi S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Adeleye
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, Tong Yan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, China. Electronic address: hkliyao@nankai.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001966:Bromine / Q000032:analysis; D002681:China; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D054879:Halogenation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry; D045483:Rivers; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D002713:Chlorine; C100187:chloropicrin; D001966:Bromine
keywords: Chlorination and chloramination; Disinfection by-products; Surface water; Water chemistry