title: Miniaturized devices for point of care molecular detection of HIV.
abstract: The HIV pandemic affects 36.7 million people worldwide, predominantly in resource-poor settings. Nucleic acid-based molecular detection of HIV plays a significant role in antiretroviral treatment monitoring for HIV patients, as well as diagnosis of HIV infection in infants. Currently available molecular diagnostic methods are complex, time-consuming and relatively expensive, thus limiting their use in resource-poor settings. Recent advances in microfluidics technology have made possible low-cost integrated miniaturized devices for molecular detection and quantification of HIV at the point of care. We review recent technical advances in molecular testing of HIV using microfluidic technology, with a focus on assays based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification. Microfluidic components for sample preparation, isothermal amplification and result detection are discussed and compared. We also discuss the challenges and future directions for developing an integrated "sample-to-result" microfluidic platform for HIV molecular detection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. lchangc@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauk
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. lchangc@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Jinzhao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. lchangc@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Haim H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Bau
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Frederic D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Bushman
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Ronald G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Collman
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. lchangc@seas.upenn.edu.
authors.forename: Changchun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4931-986X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D019562:Viral Load