title: Diversity of New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence and dissemination of diverse NDM-producing bacteria in China was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected 1,162 isolates from 8 cities during December 2013∼May 2015 in China. The NDM-positive strains as well as the NDM genotypes in these sample were detected via Vitek 2 compact system (bioMérieux, France), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PCR and an S1- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis assay and Southern blot hybridization. The horizontal-transfer capability of the blaNDMgene was assessed by filter mating by using a standard E.coli J53 azide-resistant strain as the recipient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three genotypes (NDM-1, NDM-3 and NDM-5) of NDM-producing bacteria were identified, among which the NDM-1-positive isolates were the most frequent one. For the first time, we found NDM-5-produing S.typhimurium and NDM-3-produing E.coli in China. We also found that the NDM-positive (especially NDM-3 and NDM-5) strains were completely resistant to nearly all of the antimicrobial drugs utilized and blaNDMwas mostly located on diverse plasmids with sizes ranging from 30 to 670kb.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Various species of bacteria especially the enteric pathogens with diverse NDM genotypes had spread in China. Hence, an ongoing surveillance of their dissemination is essential to prevent and control the spread of these organisms.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China.
authors.forename: Xuebing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shenyang Command, Shenyang 110034, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors.forename: Wencheng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Central Laboratory, The 174th Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xiamen 361003, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China; Navy's Center for disease control and prevention, PLA, Beijing 101113, China.
authors.forename: Qiuxia
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Rongtao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Guozheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Chuanfu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and control, Beijing 100013, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Leili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Rongzhang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Ligui
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Dayang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China.
authors.forename: Xuelin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: qiushf0613@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Shaofu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: hongbinsong@263.net.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Institute for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China. Electronic address: sunys1964@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yansong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002681:China; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D010957:Plasmids; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000201:enzymology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C000615639:beta lactamase NDM-5, E coli; D001618:beta-Lactamases; C552864:beta-lactamase NDM-1
keywords: China; Diversity; NDM