title: Emerging Human Fetuin A Assays for Biomedical Diagnostics.
abstract: Human fetuin A (HFA) plays a prominent pathophysiological role in numerous diseases and pathophysiological conditions with considerable biomedical significance; one example is the formation of calciprotein particles in osteoporosis and impaired calcium metabolisms. With impressive advances in in vitro diagnostic assays during the last decade, ELISAs have become a workhorse in routine clinical diagnostics. Recent diagnostic formats involve high-sensitivity immunoassay procedures, surface plasmon resonance, rapid immunoassay chemistries, signal enhancement, and smartphone detection. The current trend is toward fully integrated lab-on-chip platforms with smartphone readouts, enabling health-care practitioners and even patients to monitor pathological changes in biomarker levels. This review provides a critical analysis of advances made in HFA assays along with the challenges and future prospects.
authors.affiliation: Immunodiagnostic Systems, Rue Ernest Solvay 101, 4000 Liege, Belgium. Electronic address: sandeep.vashist@idsplc.com.
authors.forename: Sandeep Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Vashist
authors.affiliation: Sektion Experimentelle Anaesthesiologie, University Hospital Ulm, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: E Marion
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Roswell Biotechnologies Inc, 11558 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite Number 4, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
authors.affiliation: Innovative Chromatography Group, Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC), Department of Chemistry and Analytical, Biological Chemistry Research Facility (ABCRF), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: John H T
authors.initials: JHT
authors.lastname: Luong
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000639:trends*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000639:trends*; D003217:Conductometry / Q000639:trends*; D004209:Disposable Equipment / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000639:trends*; D063731:Mobile Applications / Q000639:trends*; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing / Q000639:trends*; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000639:trends; D020349:Surface Plasmon Resonance / Q000639:trends; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D060749:alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein