title: Development and Clinical Assessment of a Comprehensive Product for Pigmentation Control in Multiple Ethnic Populations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pigmentary changes in people of different ethnic origins are controlled by slight variations in key biological pathways leading to different outcomes from the same treatment. It is important to develop and test products for desired outcomes in varying ethnic populations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a comprehensive product (LYT2) that affects all major biological pathways controlling pigmentation and test for clinical efficacy and safety in different ethnic populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thorough analysis of biological pathways was used to identify ingredient combinations for LYT2 that provided optimal melanin reduction in a 3-D skin model. Expression of four key genes for melanogenesis, TYR, TYRP-1, DCT, and MITF was analyzed by qPCR. Clinical study was conducted to compare the efficacy and tolerability of LYT2 against 4% hydroquinone (HQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average melanin suppression by LYT2 in 7 independent experiments was 45%. All four key genes show significant down- regulation of expression. LYT2 provided statistically significant reductions in mean overall hyperpigmentation grades as early as week 2 compared to baseline, with continued significant improvements through week 12 in all ethnic groups tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have successfully combined management of 6 categories of pathways related to melanogenesis: melanocyte activation, melanosome development, melanin production, melanin distribution, keratinocyte turnover, and barrier function to create a comprehensive HQ-free product. The outcome clearly shows greater pigmentation control with LYT2 compared to other HQ-free products in skin tissue models and earlier control in clinical studies compared to 4% HQ. Clinical study shows pigmentation control benefits of LYT2 in people of Caucasian, Hispanic, and African ethnic origins. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(12):1562-1570.
authors.forename: Elizabeth T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: Monya L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Sigler
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hino
authors.forename: Rahul C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006873:Hydroquinones; D008543:Melanins; D062327:Skin Lightening Preparations; C031927:hydroquinone