title: [Current events in immunotherapy for upper aerodigestive tract cancer].
abstract: Head and neck (HN) carcinomas (mostly represented by squamous cell carcinomas [SCC]) still have a poor prognosis, which could be dramatically improved with immunotherapy. Tumor's microenvironment changes, caused by many endogenous or exogenous events, can correlate with prognosis and therapeutic response. Here, we review recent data regarding HNSCC, nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) and salivary gland malignant tumors, all three being potential target of immunotherapies. About half of HNSCC exhibit PD-L1 expression, this expression being upregulated in HPV-positive tumors. In recent clinical trials, a better therapeutic response to anti-PD-1 has been obtained in patients with higher PD-L1 expression. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of these therapeutics without the screening of patients regarding PD-L1 status. Activation status, density and localisation of TIL as well as PD-L2, γ-interferon, inflammatory cytokines, epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype and mutational burden may all be potential therapeutic response markers. In Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-induced nasopharyngeal non-keratinizing cancer, PD-L1 is over-expressed compared to EBV negative-tumors. A 22 % response rate has been observed under anti-PD-1 treatment, among PD-L1-positive HNSCC patients. There is little data regarding microenvironment of salivary gland cancer. PD-L1 shows great heterogeneity in localisation, when expressed. A 11 % response rate has been obtained under anti-PD-1 treatment among PD-L1-positive NPC patients. A better understanding of immune checkpoint regulation processes needs to be achieved to allow patients with HN carcinomas to benefit from these promising immunotherapies.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Outh-Gauer
authors.affiliation: Département d'oncologie médicale, institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France; Unité Inserm U900, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Tourneau
authors.affiliation: Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Chloé
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broudin
authors.affiliation: Unité fonctionnelle de soins oncologiques de support, pôle cancérologie spécialités, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scotte
authors.affiliation: Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U 970, équipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.affiliation: Service ORL et chirurgie cervico-faciale, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.affiliation: Inserm U 970, équipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mandavit
authors.affiliation: Inserm U 970, équipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France; Service d'immunologie biologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tartour
authors.affiliation: Service d'anatomie pathologique, hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, AP-HP, 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France; Inserm U 970, équipe 10, PARCC, faculté Paris Descartes, 75015 Paris, France. Electronic address: cecile.badoual@aphp.fr.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Badoual
mesh_terms: D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / Q000627:therapeutic use; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D058750:Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology; D012468:Salivary Gland Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment
chemical_list: D000074322:Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: Cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures; HPV; Head and neck cancer; Immunotherapy; Immunothérapie; PD-1; PD-L1