title: Serum uric acid levels contribute to new renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
abstract: This study aims to determine whether uric acid levels contribute to new renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This prospective study was conducted in consecutive patients seen since 2012. Patients had a baseline visit and follow-up visits every 6 months. Patients with ≥2 visits were included; those with end-stage renal disease (regardless of dialysis or transplantation) were excluded. Renal damage was ascertained using the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI). Univariable and multivariable Cox-regression models were performed to determine the risk of new renal damage. Uric acid was included as a continuous and dichotomous (per receiving operating characteristic curve) variable. Multivariable models were adjusted for age at diagnosis, disease duration, socioeconomic status, SLEDAI, SDI, serum creatinine, baseline use of prednisone, antimalarials, and immunosuppressive drugs. One hundred and eighty-six patients were evaluated; their mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 36.8 (13.7) years; nearly all patients were mestizo. Disease duration was 7.7 (6.8) years. Follow-up time was 2.3 (1.1) years. The SLEDAI was 5.2 (4.3) and the SDI 0.8 (1.1). Uric acid levels were 4.5 (1.3) mg/dl. During follow-up, 16 (8.6%) patients developed at least one new point in the renal domain of the SDI. In multivariable analyses, uric acid levels (continuous and dichotomous) at baseline predicted the development of new renal damage (HR 3.21 (1.39-7.42), p 0.006; HR 18.28 (2.80-119.48), p 0.002; respectively). Higher uric acid levels contribute to the development of new renal damage in SLE patients independent of other well-known risk factors for such occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru. cristina.reateguis@gmail.com.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reátegui-Sokolova
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.|Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ugarte-Gil
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Rocío V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Gamboa-Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zevallos
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cucho-Venegas
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alfaro-Lozano
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.|Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Zoila
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Bellido
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.|Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Cesar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pastor-Asurza
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Graciela S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, EsSalud, Av. Grau 800, La Victoria, Lima 13, Lima, Peru.|Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Risto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Perich-Campos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014527:Uric Acid
keywords: Renal damage; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Uric acid