title: C60fullerene as promising therapeutic agent for correcting and preventing skeletal muscle fatigue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bioactive soluble carbon nanostructures, such as the C60fullerene can bond with up to six electrons, thus serving by a powerful scavenger of reactive oxygen species similarly to many natural antioxidants, widely used to decrease the muscle fatigue effects. The aim of the study is to define action of the pristine C60fullerene aqueous colloid solution (C60FAS), on the post-fatigue recovering of m. triceps surae in anaesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During fatigue development, we observed decrease in the muscle effort level before C60FAS administration. After the application of C60FAS, a slower effort decrease, followed by the prolonged retention of a certain level, was recorded. An analysis of the metabolic process changes accompanying muscle fatigue showed an increase in the oxidative stress markers H2O2(hydrogen peroxide) and TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) in relation to the intact muscles. After C60FAS administration, the TBARS content and H2O2level were decreased. The endogenous antioxidant system demonstrated a similar effect because the GSH (reduced glutathione) in the muscles and the CAT (catalase) enzyme activity were increased during fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C60FAS leads to reduction in the recovery time of the muscle contraction force and to increase in the time of active muscle functioning before appearance of steady fatigue effects. Therefore, it is possible that C60FAS affects the prooxidant-antioxidant muscle tissue homeostasis, subsequently increasing muscle endurance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Yurij I
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Prylutskyy
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Inna V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Vereshchaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine. maznychenko@biph.kiev.ua.
authors.forename: Andriy V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Maznychenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Nataliya V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Bulgakova
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypoxic States Investigation, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Olga O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Gonchar
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.|Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie Str. 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia.
authors.forename: Olena A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Kyzyma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 25, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Weimarer Str. 25, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scharff
authors.affiliation: University of Physical Education and Sport, Kazimierza Górskiego Str.1, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomiak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str. 60, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Dmytro M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nozdrenko
authors.affiliation: Lesia Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Volya Avenue 13, Lutsk, 43025, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Iryna V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Mishchenko
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement Physiology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Bogomoletz Str. 4, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine.
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kostyukov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D037741:Fullerenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D037741:Fullerenes; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005978:Glutathione; C069837:fullerene C60
keywords: Antioxidant system; C60 fullerene; Electrical stimulation; Oxidative stress markers; Skeletal muscles fatigue