title: Physical properties and lung deposition of particles emitted from five major indoor sources.
abstract: The physical properties of indoor particles were measured with an Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) system (14.6-850 nm), an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS, 0.54-18 μm) and an Hygroscopic Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA) in an apartment located in an urban background site in Prague (Czech Republic) from 15 August to 8 September, 2014. The total particle maximum number concentration was 9.38 × 104, 1.46 × 105, 2.89 × 104, 2.25 × 105and 1.57 × 106particles cm-3for particles released from vacuum cleaning, soap/W5 cleaning spray, smoking, incense burning and cooking (frying) activities, respectively. Particles emitted from cleaning activities showed unimodal number size distributions, with the majority of particles (>98.2 %) in the ultrafine size range (Dp <100 nm) and modes at a diameter of 19.8 nm for vacuum cleaning and 30.6 nm for soap/W5 cleaning. Smoking and incense burning predominantly generated particles in the accumulation mode with a count median diameter around 90-150 nm while cooking emissions showed a bimodal structure with a main mode at 47.8 nm. Particles from vacuum cleaning, incense burning, smoking and cooking emissions were found to be "nearly hydrophobic" with an average growth factor (Gf) around 1.01-1.10, while particles emitted from desk cleaning using organic compounds were found to be "less-hygroscopic" (Gf∼1.12-1.16). Based on an adjusted MPPD model with a consideration of the hygroscopic properties of particles, the total lung deposition fractions of these particles by number when they penetrate into the human lung were 0.73 ± 0.02, 0.62 ± 0.03, 0.37 ± 0.03, 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.49 ± 0.02 for vacuum cleaning, desk cleaning, smoking, incense burning and cooking, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK.
authors.forename: Tuan V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Vu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR (ICPF), Prague, 165 02 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jakub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ondracek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR (ICPF), Prague, 165 02 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zdímal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the ASCR (ICPF), Prague, 165 02 Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK.
authors.forename: Juana Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Delgado-Saborit
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT UK ; Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589 Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Harrison
keywords: Hygroscopic growth; Indoor sources; Lung deposition; Particle size