title: Aquaporin-2 excretion in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: Relation to development of renal insufficiency and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urinary aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a parameter of water transport in the principal cells in the distal part of the nephron and involved in water retention in cirrhosis and may be a marker of renal function. The aim of the study was to evaluate AQP2 as a predictor of renal insufficiency and death in patients with cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples from 199 patients (90 patients without organ failure [Group 1], 58 patients with organ failure excluding renal failure [Group 2], and 51 patients with organ failure including renal failure [Group 3]) from the CANONIC study were analyzed for urine AQP2 and urine osmolality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference in AQP2 between the three groups. Urine osmolality was significantly lower in patients in Group 3 versus Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.0004). No relation was found between AQP2 and glomerular filtration rate or creatinine; however, AQP2 was a significant predictor of the development of renal insufficiency (P = 0.0485). In a univariate analysis, AQP2 was a significant predictor of 14 and 28-day survival, but this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aquaporin-2 was not associated with disease severity or markers of renal function but was a predictor for the development of renal insufficiency and death. Therefore, its future use as marker of renal insufficiency could be promising, but further research is needed before it can be considered a clinical useful tool.
authors.affiliation: Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Centre of Functional Imaging and Research, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Troels M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Busk
authors.affiliation: Centre of Functional Imaging and Research, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Nephrology and Hypertension, Aarhus University and Holstebro Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: Erling B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.affiliation: Liver Center Munich, Klinikum of the University, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerbes
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krag
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörtersee, Klagenfurt, Austria.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peck-Radosavljevic
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatogastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Sona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frankova
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Minneke J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coenraad
authors.affiliation: Gastro Unit, Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Flemming
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: aquaporin-2; liver cirrhosis; mortality; renal insufficiency