title: Healing efficacy of fracture-targeted GSK3β inhibitor-loaded micelles for improved fracture repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the fracture healing capabilities of a GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, coupled with an aspartic acid octapeptide in a micellar delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of the intravenously administered micelles to accelerate healing of femoral fracture in mice was evaluated. Micro-computed tomography analysis was employed to obtain bone density, total volume, relative volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fracture bone mineral density and volume were significantly higher in the micelle treatment groups when compared with controls. The fracture-targeted micelle demonstrates fracture-specific bone anabolism and biocompatibility in off-target tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Accelerated fracture healing in mice was achieved by targeting the GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, to the fracture site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Stewart A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Chris V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Galliford
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Yava L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Jones-Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Jiyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.|Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Jindřich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopeček
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008823:Micelles; D015394:Molecular Structure; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D055114:X-Ray Microtomography
chemical_list: C483321:6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime; D007211:Indoles; D008823:Micelles; D010091:Oximes; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
keywords: bone targeting; fracture healing; micelles