title: Ameliorative effects of Compound K and ginsenoside Rh1 on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats.
abstract: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease, which has no standard treatment available. Panax notoginseng saponines (PNS) have recently been reported to protect liver against hepatocyte injury induced by ethanol or high fat diet (HFD) in rats. Compound K and ginsenoside Rh1 are the main metabolites of PNS. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CK and Rh1 on NAFLD. Rats fed HFD showed significant elevations in liver function markers, lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Treatment with CK or Rh1 either alone or in combination dramatically ameliorated the liver function impairment induced by HFD. Histologically, CK and Rh1 significantly reversed HFD-induced hepatocyte injury and liver fibrosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with CK or Rh1 alone or in combination markedly induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and activation in HSC-T6 cells. Additionally, CK and Rh1, either alone or in combination, also repressed the expression of fibrotic factors TIMP-1, PC-I, and PC-III. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CK and Rh1 have positive effects on NAFLD via the anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective activity.
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Jia
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China.
authors.forename: Meng-Liang
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Shao-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Zhen
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-Qian
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Gang
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bian
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Gang
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Digestive Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China.
authors.forename: Lan-Qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C576839:TIMP1 protein, rat; C425564:ginsenoside Rh1; C112772:ginsenoside compound K