title: Faecal shedding of canine parvovirus after modified-live vaccination in healthy adult dogs.
abstract: Since little is known about the persistence and faecal shedding of canine parvovirus (CPV) in dogs after modified-live vaccination, diagnostic tests for CPV can be difficult to interpret in the post-vaccination period. The primary aim of this study was to determine the incidence, duration and extent of CPV vaccine virus shedding in adult dogs and to investigate related factors, including the presence of protective antibodies, increase in anti-CPV antibody titres and development of any gastrointestinal side-effects. A secondary objective was to assess prevalence of CPV field virus shedding in clinically healthy dogs due to subclinical infections. One hundred adult, healthy privately owned dogs were vaccinated with a commercial CPV-2 modified-live vaccine (MLV). Faeces were tested for the presence of CPV DNA on days 0 (prior to vaccination), 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 by quantitative real-time PCR. Pre- and post-vaccination serum titres were determined by haemagglutination inhibition on days 0, 7 and 28. Transient excretion of CPV DNA was detected in 2.0% of dogs before vaccination. About one quarter of dogs (23.0%) shed CPV DNA during the post-vaccination period, but field and vaccine virus differentiation by VP2 gene sequencing was only successful in few samples. Faecal CPV excretion occurred despite protective serum antibody titres. Post-vaccination CPV shedding was not related to adequate antibody response after vaccination or to the occurrence of gastrointestinal side-effects. Despite individual differences, CPV DNA was detectable for up to 28 days after vaccination, although the faecal CPV DNA load in these clinically healthy dogs was very low.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany. Electronic address: m.freisl@medizinische-kleintierklinik.de.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freisl
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speck
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Truyen
authors.affiliation: Institute for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Proksch
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinaerstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D004285:Dogs; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017993:Parvovirus, Canine / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines
keywords: CPV; MLV; Real-time PCR; Subclinical infection