title: Chronic kidney disease in Chinese postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional survey.
abstract: Despite advances in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD), there is ongoing uncertainty regarding the prevalence of CKD in postmenopausal women. This study was designed to investigate both CKD prevalence and related risk factors in a cohort of postmenopausal Chinese women.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional survey was administered to a nationally representative sample of female Chinese participants, including a total of 47,204 subjects, among whom were 8573 self-reported postmenopausal women. CKD was defined as either an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 body surface area or else the presence of albuminuria. All subjects completed a questionnaire that included items related to their lifestyles and medical histories. Data were collected on blood pressure, serum creatinine, urinary albumin, and urinary creatinine. Risk factors correlated with the presence of CKD were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  
  Results showed that the adjusted prevalence of an eGFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 among this postmenopausal survey cohort was 5.3% (95% confidence interval: 4.7-6.1) and of albuminuria, 12.4% (11.7-13.1). The overall prevalence of CKD in this postmenopausal cohort was 16.6% (15.8-17.4). Factors associated with kidney pathology included nephrotoxic drug use, history of cardiovascular disease, hyperuricemia, hypertension, and diabetes (the lower limit of multivariable adjusted odds ratios > 1).
  
  
  
  The current study revealed a high prevalence of CKD in Chinese postmenopausal women. These results provide baseline data for disease prevention and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, P. R. China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, University First Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires