title: The mPEG-PCL Copolymer for Selective Fermentation of Staphylococcus lugdunensis Against Candida parapsilosis in the Human Microbiome.
abstract: Many human skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, potentially occur due to the over-growth of fungi. It remains a challenge to develop fungicides with a lower risk of generating resistant fungi and non-specifically killing commensal microbes. Our probiotic approaches using a selective fermentation initiator of skin commensal bacteria, fermentation metabolites or their derivatives provide novel therapeutics to rein in the over-growth of fungi.Staphylococcus lugdunensis(S. lugdunensis) bacteria andCandida parapsilosis(C. parapsilosis) fungi coexist in the scalp microbiome.S. lugdunensisinterfered with the growth ofC. parapsilosisvia fermentation. A methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) (mPEG-PCL) copolymer functioned as a selective fermentation initiator ofS. lugdunensis, selectively triggering theS. lugdunensisfermentation to produce acetic and isovaleric acids. The acetic acid and its pro-drug diethyleneglycol diacetate (Ac-DEG-Ac) effectively suppressed the growth ofC. parapsilosis in vitroand impeded the fungal expansion in the human dandruff. We demonstrate for the first time thatS. lugdunensisis a skin probiotic bacterium that can exploit mPEG-PCL to yield fungicidal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The concept of bacterial fermentation as a part of skin immunity to re-balance the dysbiotic microbiome warrants a novel avenue for studying the probiotic function of the skin microbiome in promoting health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Shan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Yanhan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shinta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marito
authors.affiliation: Surface Bioadvances Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Zhen
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gangoiti
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Barshop
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Choi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Woan-Ruah
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ran
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wan-Tzu
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Fa
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center; University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Huang
keywords: C. parapsilosis; Fermentation; Microbiome; Probiotic; S. lugdunensis