title: Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rising rates of obesity have been recently associated to the novel concept of food addiction (FA). The Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) is the most widely used measure for examining FA (1) and analysis of its reliability and validity is expected to facilitate empirical research on the construct. Here, we tested the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of the YFAS (P-YFAS), establishing its factor structure, reliability and construct validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 468 Portuguese individuals, 278 sampled from non-clinical populations, and 190 among obese candidates for weight-loss surgery. A battery of self-report measures of eating behavior was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analysis verified a one-factor structure with acceptable fit, with item analysis suggesting the need to eliminate item 24 from the P-YFAS. Internal consistency (KR-20 = .82) and test-retest stability were adequate. Correlation analyses supported convergent and divergent validity of the P-YFAS, particularly in the clinical sample. Both FA symptom count and diagnosis, according to the P-YFAS, adequately discriminated between samples, with classification of FA met by 2.5 and 25.8% of the participants in the non-clinical and clinical samples, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings reinforce the use of P-YFAS in non-clinical and clinical populations. Future directions for extending YFAS validation are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.|Center for Psychology, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida de Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.|Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.|ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
authors.forename: Patrício
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida de Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal.|Lisbon Academic Medical Centre, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.|Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Osvaldo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Filipa Mucha
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar de S. João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.|Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-035, Lisbon, Portugal.|Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sampaio
authors.affiliation: Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida de Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal. albino.maia@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.|Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira, 1349-019, Lisbon, Portugal. albino.maia@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.|NOVA School of Medicine | Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal. albino.maia@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.|Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida de Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038, Lisbon, Portugal. albino.maia@neuro.fchampalimaud.org.
authors.forename: Albino J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Oliveira-Maia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D000073932:Food Addiction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011174:Portugal; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014177:Translations; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Food addiction; Obesity; Psychometrics; Reward