title: Radix isatidis Polysaccharides Inhibit Influenza a Virus and Influenza A Virus-Induced Inflammation via Suppression of Host TLR3 Signaling In Vitro.
abstract: Influenza remains one of the major epidemic diseases worldwide, and rapid virus replication and collateral lung tissue damage caused by excessive pro-inflammatory host immune cell responses lead to high mortality rates. Thus, novel therapeutic agents that control influenza A virus (IAV) propagation and attenuate excessive pro-inflammatory responses are needed. Polysaccharide extract fromRadix isatidis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, exerted potent anti-IAV activity against human seasonal influenza viruses (H1N1 and H3N2) and avian influenza viruses (H6N2 and H9N2) in vitro. The polysaccharides also significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (IP-10, MIG, and CCL-5) stimulated by A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) at a range of doses (7.5 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 30 mg/mL); however, they were only effective against progeny virus at a high dose. Similar activity was detected against inflammation induced by avian influenza virus H9N2. The polysaccharides strongly inhibited the protein expression of TLR-3 induced by PR8, suggesting that they impair the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors induced by IAV by inhibiting activation of the TLR-3 signaling pathway. The polysaccharide extract fromRadix isatidisroot therefore has the potential to be used as an adjunct to antiviral therapy for the treatment of IAV infection.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. tu276025@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhengtu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of Yulin, Yuxi Da Dao Road, Yulin 719000, China. shanxilili79@163.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. zhouhongxia00307@163.com.
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. zwq.1988@163.com.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. lkting@126.com.
authors.forename: Tingting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. qiangwei86@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiaolian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. 13710749650@126.com.
authors.forename: Beixian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. wang-yu-tao2008@163.com.
authors.forename: Yutao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditinal Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510180, China. christinecqy@163.com.
authors.forename: Qiaoyan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. huping@ecust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, (Guangzhou Medical University), Guangzhou 510120, China. jeffyah@163.com.|Macau University of Science and Technology, AvenidaWai Long, Taipa, Macau 519020, China. jeffyah@163.com.
authors.forename: Zifeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002645:Chickens; D004285:Dogs; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015053:Zygote / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; C508609:IL10 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D015850:Interleukin-6; D011134:Polysaccharides; C495344:TLR3 protein, human; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D016753:Interleukin-10; C540579:banlangen
keywords: Radix isatidis; TLR-3; anti-inflammatory; antiviral; polysaccharides