title: Chemical characterization of submicron aerosol particles during wintertime in a northwest city of China using an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometry.
abstract: An Aerodyne quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometry (Q-AMS) was utilized to measure the size-resolved chemical composition of non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM1) from October 27 to December 3, 2014 at an urban site in Lanzhou, northwest China. The average NR-PM1mass concentration was 37.3 μg m-3(ranging from 2.9 to 128.2 μg m-3) under an AMS collection efficiency of unity and was composed of organics (48.4%), sulfate (17.8%), nitrate (14.6%), ammonium (13.7%), and chloride (5.7%). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) with the multi-linear engine (ME-2) solver identified six organic aerosol (OA) factors, including hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), coal combustion OA (CCOA), cooking-related OA (COA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and two oxygenated OA (OOA1 and OOA2), which accounted for 8.5%, 20.2%, 18.6%, 12.4%, 17.8% and 22.5% of the total organics mass on average, respectively. Primary emissions were the major sources of fine particulate matter (PM) and played an important role in causing high chemically resolved PM pollution during wintertime in Lanzhou. Back trajectory analysis indicated that the long-range regional transport air mass from the westerly was the key factor that led to severe submicron aerosol pollution during wintertime in Lanzhou.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Xinghua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: ymzhang@camscma.cn.
authors.forename: Yangmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Junying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan 250101, China.
authors.forename: Yangchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canonaco
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen 5232, Switzerland; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, China.
authors.forename: Andre S H
authors.initials: ASH
authors.lastname: Prévôt
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D018533:Biomass; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D003031:Coal / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D003031:Coal; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D009566:Nitrates; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D052638:Particulate Matter; D013431:Sulfates
keywords: AMS; Lanzhou; Mass concentration; Non-refractory submicron particles (NR-PM(1)); Organic aerosol (OA)