title: Serum creatine kinase isoenzymes and macroenzymes in dogs with different neurologic diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased serum activity of CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes, and in particular of the brain isoenzyme (CK-BB) has been reported in dogs with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. However, no studies on the possible differences in serum activities of CK iso- or macroenzymes (Macro-CK1 and Macro-CK2) in different neurologic diseases are available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe the electrophoretic distribution of CK iso- and macroenzymes in dogs with CNS disorders in order to assess whether this distribution depends on a specific neurologic disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was done on sera from 45 dogs with neurologic diseases (degenerative, n = 7; idiopathic epilepsy [IE], n = 14; inflammatory, n = 16; space occupying lesions [SOL], n = 8) and from 10 clinically healthy dogs. The separation of serum CK isoenzymes and macroenzymes was performed using an automated electrophoretic method already validated in dogs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy dogs, dogs with CNS disorders had significantly higher total CK and CK-BB activities, and a significantly lower Macro-CK2 activity (P < .001). Comparison of pathologic subgroups and healthy dogs revealed significant differences (P < .01) in dogs with IE and inflammatory disorders for total CK activity, in all the subgroups for CK-BB (P < .01), and in dogs with IE and SOL for Macro-CK2 (P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that CK-BB is released by neurons damaged by inflammatory or degenerative conditions or due to compressive effects of SOL. However, the neurologic diseases cannot be differentiated based on CK-BB or Macro-CK2 activities, unless further studies allow the definition of diagnostic thresholds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7117-7987
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paltrinieri
authors.affiliation: Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pintore
authors.affiliation: Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Balducci
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Clinic VETLAN, Battipaglia, Italy.
authors.forename: Annaluce
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costabile
authors.affiliation: Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Zola Predosa, Italy.|Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D004285:Dogs; D004586:Electrophoresis / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: 
  CK
  ; CK-BB; dog; electrophoresis; neurology