title: Association between diabetes mellitus and multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has emerged as a challenge to global tuberculosis (TB) control and remains a major public health concern in many countries. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an increasingly recognized comorbidity that can both accelerate TB disease and complicate its treatment. The aim of this study is to summarize available evidence on the association of DM and MDR-TB among TB patients and to provide a pooled estimate of risks.
  
  
  
  All studies published in English before October 2016 will be searched using comprehensive search strings through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and WHO Global Health Library databases which have reported the association of DM and MDR-TB in adults with TB (age > =15). Two authors will independently collect detailed information using structured data abstraction form. The quality of studies will be checked using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort and case-control studies and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool for cross-sectional studies. Heterogeneity between included studies will be assessed using the I2statistic. We will check potential publication bias by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's regression test statistic. We will use the random effects model to compute a pooled estimate.
  
  
  
  Increases in the burden of non-communicable diseases and aging populations are changing the importance of different risk factors for TB, and the profile of comorbidities and clinical challenges for people with TB. Although classic risk factors and comorbidities such as overcrowding, under-nutrition, silicosis, and HIV infection are crucial to address, chronic conditions like diabetes are important factors that impair host defenses against TB. Thus, undertaking integrated multifaceted approach is remarkably necessary for reducing the burden of DM and successful TB treatment outcome.
  
  
  
  PROSPERO CRD42016045692 .
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia. bg.sileshi@gmail.com.|Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. bg.sileshi@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Balewgizie Sileshi
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tegegne
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Tesfa Dejenie
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Habtewold
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
authors.forename: Melkamu Merid
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mengesha
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Burgerhof
mesh_terms: D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D000078202:Systematic Reviews as Topic; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Meta-analysis; Multi-drug resistant; Systematic review; Tuberculosis