title: Effects of Propofol on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Selected Parts of the Brain in a Rat Model of Parkinson Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Propofol is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent that is commonly used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia. This drug has antioxidant properties, which are partly caused by a phenolic structure similar to α-tocopherol. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of propofol on the level of oxidative stress biomarkers in the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum in rats with experimental Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The experiment was performed on 24 male Wistar rats assigned to the following groups: 1 - control; 2 - PD; 3 - PD with propofol. The dopaminergic systems were damaged with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) administered to each lateral ventricle (2x15 μg/5 μl). 60 mg/kg of propofol was later given to the 8-week-old rats intraperitoneally. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its enzymes Cu/ZnSOD and MnSOD, together with the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, total oxidative status (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 2nd group, a significant increase in MDA concentration in the striatum, hippocampus and thalamus, and an increase of TOS in the striatum, thalamus and cerebellum were noted, along with a TAC decrease in the cortex, striatum and thalamus. Propofol caused a significant decrease in MDA levels in the cortex, striatum, hippocampus and thalamus, and a decrease in TOS levels in the cortex, striatum and cerebellum, with increased TAC in all evaluated structures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A shortage of natural antioxidants is observed in PD, along with an increase in pro-oxidants in many brain areas. Propofol inhibits oxidative stress in the brain, which shows its neuroprotective properties against oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romuk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Wioletta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Szczurek
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Health Protection, Medical University of Silesia, School of Public Health, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skowron
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prudel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hudziec
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chwalińska
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Zabrze, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Birkner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D015742:Propofol