title: Silencing of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes thyroid cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits invasion by downregulating WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2.
abstract: Adaptation to hypoxia is an important process physiologically and pathologically. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) participates in the cancer biology of numerous endocrine tumors, including their proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, the hypothesis that HIF-1α promotes tumorigenesis in thyroid cancer via upregulating angiogenesis-associated markers is investigated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of HIF-1α in thyroid cancer cell lines, and to detect the expression of WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (WWP)2, WWP9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in MZ-CRC-1 and TT thyroid cancer cells. Cell proliferation was measured using a Cell Count Kit-8. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Cell invasive ability was examined by Matrigel transwell analysis. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses demonstrated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of HIF-1α were significant higher in MZ-CRC-1 and TT thyroid cancer cells than in another three thyroid cancer cells (P<0.01). HIF-1α knockdown cells demonstrated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion, arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase, and induction of cell apoptosis. The protein expression levels of WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2 were decreased in HIF-1α knockdown MZ-CRC-1 and TT cells. In conclusion, HIF-1α may be important in cell apoptosis and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, likely through regulating WWP2, WWP9, VEGF and VEGFR2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhong-Yang
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursery, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yun-Juan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Pan-Qiang
authors.initials: PQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Wuxi Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated by Nanjing, Chinese Medicine University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hao-Tian
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wu
keywords: angiogenesis; hypoxia; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; invasion; thyroid cancer