title: TGF-β regulation of encephalitogenic and regulatory T cells in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been shown to influence the differentiation and function of T cells. The role that TGF-β plays in immune-mediated disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), has become a major area of investigation since CD4+T cells appear to be a major mediator of autoimmunity. This review provides an analysis of the literature on the role that TGF-β plays in the generation and regulation of encephalitogenic and regulatory T cells (Treg) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS, as well as in T cells of MS patients. Since TGF-β plays a major role in the development and function of both CD4+effector and Treg, which are defective in MS patients, recent studies have found potential mechanisms to explain the basis for these T-cell defects to establish a foundation for potentially modulating TGF-β signaling to restore normal T-cell function in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Priscilla W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Severin
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lovett-Racke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); Multiple sclerosis; T cells; TGF-β; miRNA