title: Microsurgical Posterolateral Foraminotomy on Patients with Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The standard surgical treatment for adult isthmic spondylolisthesis consists of various techniques of arthrodesis supplemented with instrumentation. However, the superiority of this strategy has not been irrefutably proved. Considering the risk associated with the instrumentation surgery, examining a less invasive approach is justified.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a series of 9 patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis, in whom we microsurgically decompressed the responsible nerve root in the intervertebral foramen through the posterolateral intermuscular approach. Technical details specific to isthmic spondylolisthesis were reviewed. The 2-year outcome was assessed with Short Form 36 and visual analog scale scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 68 ± 7 years (standard deviation [SD]). The mean slip rate of spondylolisthesis measured on the preoperative lumbar radiography was 20% ± 12% (SD). All patients successfully underwent the procedure without complications. All the examined scores remained significantly better than the preoperative values 2 years after surgery; the mean visual analog scale score decreased from 7.8 ± 2.8 (SD) preoperatively to 2.8 ± 1.4 (SD) at 2 years (P = 0.008), average physical score of Short Form 36 improved from 33.1 ± 9.7 to 52.5 ± 9.4 (P = 0.001), and the bodily pain score improved from 28.0 ± 13.5 to 55.1 ± 9.7 (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsurgical decompression through the posterolateral intermuscular approach was effective in producing good 2-year outcome in patients with adult isthmic spondylolisthesis. This procedure may be considered as a less invasive alternative in the surgical treatment of adult isthmic spondylolisthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kamoda, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. Electronic address: chang-ind@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Han Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D059526:Foraminotomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Adult isthmic spondylolisthesis; Decompression; Foraminal stenosis; Microsurgery