title: Sex differences in associations between insulin resistance, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness in healthy women and men: a physiology study.
abstract: Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk to women than to men. Whether insulin-resistance-mediated risk extends to the healthy population is unknown. Measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment, hemoglobin A1c, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, glucose) were determined in 48 (56% female) healthy subjects. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis and arterial stiffness was determined using noninvasive applanation tonometry. Both were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion. In women, there was a non-statistically significant trend towards increasing insulin resistance being associated with an overall unfavourable HRV response and increased arterial stiffness to the stressor, while men demonstrated the opposite response. Significant differences in the associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular physiological profile exist between healthy women and men. Further studies investigating the sex differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in cardiovascular disease are warranted.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Luke Anthony
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Rannelli
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|b Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 1403-29th St. NW, C210, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: MacRae
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Sharanya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramesh
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|b Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 1403-29th St. NW, C210, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|d Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Brenda R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hemmelgarn
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|d Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rabi
authors.affiliation: b Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 1403-29th St. NW, C210, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Darlene Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.|b Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 1403-29th St. NW, C210, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.|c Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403-29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.
authors.forename: Sofia B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D059289:Vascular Stiffness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin
keywords: angiotensin II; angiotensine II; arterial stiffness; cardiac autonomic tone; cardiovascular; femmes; heart rate variability; humain; human; insulin resistance; rigidité artérielle; résistance à l’insuline; système cardiovasculaire; tonus cardiaque autonome; variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque; women