title: Production of IL-1β and Inflammasome with Up-Regulated Expressions of NOD-Like Receptor Related Genes inToxoplasma gondii-Infected THP-1 Macrophages.
abstract: Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are important for innate immunity. NLRs, i.e., nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, play a crucial role as innate immune sensors and form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1-dependent processing of pro-IL-1β. To elucidate the role of inflammasome components inT. gondii-infected THP-1 macrophages, we examined inflammasome-related gene expression and mechanisms of inflammasome-regulated cytokine IL-1β secretion. The results revealed a significant upregulation of IL-1β afterT. gondiiinfection.T. gondiiinfection also upregulated the expression of inflammasome sensors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and NAIP, in a time-dependent manner. The infection also upregulated inflammasome adaptor protein ASC and caspase-1 mRNA levels. From this study, we newly found thatT. gondiiinfection regulates NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) gene expressions in THP-1 macrophages and that the role of the inflammasome-related genes may be critical for mediating the innate immune responses toT. gondiiinfection.
authors.affiliation: Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center and Laboratory Institute of Minimally Invasive Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Jia-Qi
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors.forename: In-Wook
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors.forename: Guang-Ho
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Ha
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
authors.forename: Juan-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Quan
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D000070576:NLR Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000070576:NLR Proteins
keywords: THP-1 macrophage; Toxoplasma gondii; inflammasome; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR); qRT-PCR