title: Quantitative separation of the anisotropic magnetothermopower and planar Nernst effect by the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient.
abstract: A thermal gradient as the driving force for spin currents plays a key role in spin caloritronics. In this field the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) is of major interest and was investigated in terms of in-plane thermal gradients inducing perpendicular spin currents (transverse SSE) and out-of-plane thermal gradients generating parallel spin currents (longitudinal SSE). Up to now all spincaloric experiments employ a spatially fixed thermal gradient. Thus, anisotropic measurements with respect to well defined crystallographic directions were not possible. Here we introduce a new experiment that allows not only the in-plane rotation of the external magnetic field, but also the rotation of an in-plane thermal gradient controlled by optical temperature detection. As a consequence, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect in a permalloy thin film can be measured simultaneously. Thus, the angular dependence of the magnetothermopower with respect to the magnetization direction reveals a phase shift, that allows the quantitative separation of the thermopower, the anisotropic magnetothermopower and the planar Nernst effect.
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bovender
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helmich
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Oliver
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Dreessen
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krieft
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anatoly S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shestakov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Back
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan-Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Schmalhorst
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hütten
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.affiliation: Center for Spinelectronic Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.|Physics of Nanodevices, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuschel