title: Liver Transplantation for Biliary Rhabdomyosarcoma With Liver Metastasis: Report of One Case.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver transplantation in combination with chemotherapy in postoperative biliary rhabdomyosarcoma recurrence of children was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 8-year-old girl with biliary rhabdomyosarcoma underwent pancreatico-duodenectomy with postoperative vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (Act-D), and cyclophosphamide (CTX) (VAC chemotherapy) (VCR, 1 mg; Act-D, 0.7 mg; CTX, 1500 mg). Two years later, liver metastasis in the left and right lobes was found and was followed by VAC chemotherapy (CTX, 1800 mg; Act-D, 0.9 mg; VCR, 1.2 mg), with no change of the tumor size. One and a half years later, liver transplantation performed with postoperative pathology confirmed embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma recurrence and was followed by VAC chemotherapy (CTX, 1400 mg; Act-D, 0.7 mg; VCR, 1.9 mg) and immunosuppression treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The liver transplantation went well, with no major complications. At the time of this report, the patient had survived for 6 months, with a good quality of life and no tumor recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For unresectable biliary rhabdomyosarcoma without extra-hepatic metastases, liver transplantation could be an effective treatment. Liver transplantation completely removes the tumor and reduces the long-term side effects of chemotherapy drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: C-H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: K-R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: R-D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: Q-B
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
authors.forename: X-F
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: szheng@shmu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China. Electronic address: 778622916@qq.com.
authors.forename: Z-X
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001661:Biliary Tract Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000628:therapy*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011788:Quality of Life; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide