title: Multiple HIV-1/M + HIV-1/O dual infections and new HIV-1/MO inter-group recombinant forms detected in Cameroon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the prevalence of HIV-1 group M and the endemicity of HIV-1 group O infections in Cameroon, patients may be infected with both viruses and/or with HIV-1/MO recombinant forms. Such atypical infections may be deleterious in terms of diagnosis and therapeutic management due to the high divergence of HIV-1/O. The aim of this study was to identify prospectively such atypical infections in Cameroon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on serological screening by env-V3 serotyping and a molecular strategy using group-specific (RT)-PCRs, we identified 10 Cameroonian patients harboring three different profiles of infection: (1) 4 HIV-1/M + O dual infections without evidence of recombinant; (2) 5 recombinants associated with one or both parental strains; and (3) 1 new recombinant form without parental strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work highlights the dynamic co-evolution of these two HIV groups in Cameroon that could lead to the emergence of a circulating recombinant form MO, and the need for accurate identification of such atypical infections for precise diagnosis, virological monitoring and therapeutic management with adapted tools.
authors.affiliation: GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France.|Laboratoire de Virologie, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Oliveira
authors.affiliation: GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France.|Laboratoire de Virologie, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6173-2908
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mourez
authors.affiliation: Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon.|Infectious Diseases Data Observatory, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Aurélia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vessiere
authors.affiliation: Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
authors.forename: Paul-Alain
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ngoupo
authors.affiliation: GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France.|Laboratoire de Virologie, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Elodie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alessandri-Gradt
authors.affiliation: Service de Microbiologie, APHP, CHU Saint Louis, INSERM U941, Faculté de Médecine Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroon.|Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de le Guyane, Cayenne, Guyane française, France.
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rousset
authors.affiliation: GRAM EA2656, Université de Rouen, Rouen, France. jean-christophe.plantier@univ-rouen.fr.|Laboratoire de Virologie, Laboratoire associé au Centre National de Référence du VIH, CHU Charles Nicolle, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France. jean-christophe.plantier@univ-rouen.fr.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Plantier
mesh_terms: D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D060085:Coinfection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D065288:Serogroup
keywords: Dual infections; HIV genetic diversity; M and O inter-group recombinant forms