title: Detection of human breast cancer cells using a 2-deoxy-D-glucose-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Breast cancer is one of the most common type of female cancer worldwide and represents 14% of cancer-related deaths in women. Early detection is the most important factor for treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. In most countries, the women are currently screened with mammography only. Even though there has been considerable progress in the detection, surgical therapy, hormonal and target therapy of breast cancer, there are about ∼ 3500 000 women who die from breast cancer each year. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the new techniques for early detection of breast cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to improve breast cancer detection at an early stage because of its higher sensitivity. Glucose transporter (Glut) is a cellular transmembrane receptor that plays key roles in cell glucose metabolism and over-expressed in breast cancer cells. 2-deoxy-D-glucose having a similar structure to D-glucose can specifically interact with Glut.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, we constructed a 2-deoxy-D-glucose-functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles that coated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (γ-Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NPs). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of new constructed MRI contrast agent (γ-Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NPs) in detecting human breast cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that breast cancer cells MDA-MD-231, MCF7 and ZR-75-1 had a high uptake rate of γ-Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NPs than human breast fibroblast cell HUM-CELL-0056. There was a significant difference of T2 relaxation times and signal intensity between breast cancer cells and human breast fibroblast cells labeled with γ-Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NPs when MIR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicated that γ-Fe2O3@DMSA-DG NPs may be used as a new MRI contrast agent for detection of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.affiliation: Medical college of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
authors.forename: Hao-Yue
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Renmin Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058948:Cell Tracking / Q000379:methods*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D055088:Early Detection of Cancer; D005260:Female; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D004113:Succimer / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; C000499:ferric oxide; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D004113:Succimer
keywords: Glucose transporter; MRI; SPIO; breast cancer