title: Hippocampal dysfunction is associated with memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: A volumetric and functional connectivity study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested a relationship between neuroanatomical and neurofunctional hippocampal alterations and episodic memory impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined hippocampus volume and functional connectivity (FC) changes in MS patients with different episodic memory capabilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hippocampal subfield volume and FC changes were compared in two subgroups of MS patients with and without episodic memory impairment (multiple sclerosis impaired (MSi) and multiple sclerosis preserved (MSp), respectively) and healthy controls (HC). A discriminant function (DF) analysis was used to identify which of these neuroanatomical and neurofunctional parameters were the most relevant components of the mnemonic profiles of HC, MSp, and MSi.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSi showed reduced volume in several hippocampal subfields compared to MSp and HC. Ordinal gradation (MSi > MSp > HC) was also observed for FC between the posterior hippocampus and several cortical areas. DF-based analyses revealed that reduced right fimbria volume and enhanced FC at the right posterior hippocampus were the main neural signatures of the episodic memory impairments observed in the MSi group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Before any sign of episodic memory alterations (MSp), FC increased on several pathways that connect the hippocampus with cortical areas. These changes further increased when the several hippocampal volumes reduced and memory deficits appeared (MSi).
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicología Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: González Torre
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicología Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro Javier
authors.initials: ÁJ
authors.lastname: Cruz-Gómez
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belenguer
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicología Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanchis-Segura
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicología Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: César
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ávila
authors.affiliation: Departament de Psicología Bàsica, Clínica i Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063132:Connectome / Q000379:methods*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D061212:Memory, Episodic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Hippocampus; MRI; episodic memory; functional connectivity; gray matter; resting state