title: Inflammasome Priming in Sterile Inflammatory Disease.
abstract: The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic protein complex that processes interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18, and drives a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Oligomerization of this complex is actually the second step of activation, and a priming step must occur first. This involves transcriptional upregulation of pro-IL-1β, inflammasome sensor NLRP3, or the non-canonical inflammasome sensor caspase-11. An additional aspect of priming is the post-translational modification of particular inflammasome constituents. Priming is typically accomplished in vitro using a microbial Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand. However, it is now clear that inflammasomes are activated during the progression of sterile inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic disease, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Therefore, it is time to consider the endogenous factors and mechanisms that may prime the inflammasome in these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
authors.forename: Meghana N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galván-Peña
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
authors.forename: Evanna L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olden
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Triantafilou
authors.affiliation: Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
authors.forename: Amaya I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK.
authors.forename: Clare E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Triantafilou
authors.affiliation: Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia. Electronic address: masters@wehi.edu.au.
authors.forename: Seth L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Masters
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000276:immunology; D056660:Hereditary Autoinflammatory Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000276:immunology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000276:immunology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation; D009765:Obesity / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D058847:Inflammasomes; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D000071199:NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors