title: Pharmacological and surgical therapy for the central giant cell granuloma: A long-term retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with a central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) treated at a single center to assess and compare the different surgical and non-surgical approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort with a single histologically proven non-syndrome-related CGCG was selected and reviewed. Patients were allocated to group I (surgery), group II (pharmacotherapy), and group III (pharmacotherapy and surgery). The primary outcome was long-term radiologic response using computed tomography. Secondary outcomes were intermediate radiologic responses and occurrence and severity of side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three subjects were included in the study. The surgical group (n = 4) included 1 patient with progression during follow-up and a relatively high post-surgical morbidity. Twenty-nine patients started on various pharmacological treatment regimens (groups II and III). Fourteen patients could be managed without additional surgery. One of these lesions showed progression during follow-up. The other 15 lesions underwent additional surgery, and none showed progression during follow-up. Interferon treatment was associated with the most side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacological agents have a role in the treatment of aggressive and non-aggressive CGCGs by limiting the renewed progression during long-term follow up and the extent and morbidity of surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. de Lange), Academic Medical Center, Academic Center Dentistry Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: w.h.schreuder@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Willem Hans
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Emma Children Hospital and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: h.vandenberg@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.m.westermann@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Anne Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Fruit Street 55, MA, 02114, Boston, United States. Electronic address: zpeacock@partners.org.
authors.forename: Zachary Scott
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. J. de Lange), Academic Medical Center, Academic Center Dentistry Amsterdam and University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: j.delange@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Lange
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006101:Granuloma, Giant Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007573:Jaw Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D008441:Maxillary Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D002116:Calcitonin
keywords: Benign bone lesion; Calcitonin; Central giant cell granuloma; Interferon; Mandible; Maxilla