title: Chitosan as an Immunomodulating Adjuvant on T-Cells and Antigen-Presenting Cells in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection.
abstract: Herpes disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is an intractable condition. It is a major concern in public health. Our purpose of this study was to verify the function of chitosan as an adjuvant for immune regulation specifically under herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Ahead of HSV infection, chitosan, heat inactivated green fluorescent protein expressing HSV (G-HSV), and a combination of chitosan and G-HSV were used to pretreat ICR mice followed by HSV-1 infection. Using flow cytometric analysis, the frequencies of T-cells, monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and natural killer (NK) cells were analyzed by surface expression of CD4+, CD8+, CD14+, CD11c+, NK1.1+, and DX5+cells. In HSV infected mice, chitosan treatment significantly increased the frequencies of CD4+T-cells (33.6 ± 5.78%) compared to those in the control group (24.02 ± 12.47%,p= 0.05). The frequencies of DC and NK cells were also significantly different between chitosan treated mice and control mice. In addition, anti-HSV IgG antibody was downregulated in chitosan treated mice. These results suggest that chitosan is a potential modulator or immune stimulator as an adjuvant in HSV-1 infected mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bunsoon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3439-6176
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Do-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: A K M Mostafa
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Anower
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S M Shamsul
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seonghyang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4718-4818
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry*; D003445:Crustacea; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D053647:Receptors, Interleukin-15 / Q000378:metabolism; D020395:Receptors, Interleukin-7 / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; C508025:Il15ra protein, mouse; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053647:Receptors, Interleukin-15; D020395:Receptors, Interleukin-7; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D048271:Chitosan