title: Psychological factors influence the overlap syndrome in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) among middle-aged women in South Korea.
abstract: This study investigated the psychological factors related to the overlap syndrome, i.e., multiple gastrointestinal conditions that are part of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in the same individual and potentially related to quality of life (QOL) among women aged 45-60 years (n = 627) in South Korea. The study was undertaken between July 2014 and March 2015. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were ascertained using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), respectively. Negative cognition and the cognitive triad were identified using the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative (ATQ-N) and the Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI), respectively. Resilience and QOL were assessed using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and World Health Organization Quality of Life scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Women with the overlap syndrome had the highest CES-D (mean = 16.66 ± 11.79, p < .001), BAI (mean = 17.46 ± 12.67, p < .001), and ATQ-N scores (mean = 53.61 ± 20.88, p < .001), followed by women with gastrointestinal disorders but without the overlap syndrome and healthy controls. Healthy controls had the highest WHOQOL-BREF score (mean = 77.69 ± 12.53, p < .001). After stepwise selection, the final model explained 61.8 percent of the variance in QOL. Thus, depressive symptoms, anxiety, negative cognition, cognitive triad, and resilience were significantly related to QOL in women with the overlap syndrome.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Hospital , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: b Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Han-Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: b Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Suck-Chei
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Public Health , Wonkwang University Graduate School , Iksan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hye-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine & Hospital , Wonkwang University , Iksan , Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Yeol
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D055500:Resilience, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000074079:Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Anxiety; depressive symptoms; midlife women; negative cognition; quality of life