title: Characterization of Date (Deglet Nour) Seed Free and Bound Polyphenols by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
abstract: Date (Pheonix dactylifera L.) seeds are a valuable and abundant by-product with various potential food applications. Free polyphenols (FPPs) and bound polyphenols (BPPs) of date seeds from Deglet Nour variety grown in Australia were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The FPP fraction contained the following main phenolic compounds per gram of date seed powder; procyanidin B1 (499.8 ± 7.8 μg), procyanidin B2 (288.6 ± 6.1 μg), catechin (167.6 ± 2.1 μg), epicatechin (39.44 ± 0.39 μg), and protocatechuic acid (1.77 ± 0.22 μg). Additionally, one of the 2 A-type dimers was confirmed as procyanidin A2 (24.05 ± 0.12 μg/g). A-type dimers have not been reported before in date seeds. The BPP fraction contained epicatechin (52.59 ± 0.76 μg/g) and procyanidin B2 (294.2 ± 3.7 μg/g), while several peaks exhibiting ESI-m/z of 153 indicated dihydroxybenzoic acid isomers including protocatechuic acid (2.138 ± 0.025 μg/g). These findings contributed to our knowledge of date seed phytochemicals and understanding of their contribution to the reported bioactivities.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sameera
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirisena
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Food and Nutrition, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zabaras
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ajlouni
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D065749:Phoeniceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols
keywords: UHPLC-MS; bound polyphenols; date seeds; free polyphenols; proanthocyanidin; procyanidin A2