title: Cardiovascular and metabolic profiles of offspring conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cardiovascular and metabolic features of offspring conceived by in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Offspring from IVF-ICSI versus natural conception.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), cardiovascular function, body mass index (BMI), and lipid and glucose profiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We included 19 studies that had recruited 2,112 IVF-ICSI and 4,096 naturally conceived offspring, ranging from childhood to early adulthood. The blood pressure levels of IVF-ICSI offspring were statistically significantly higher than those of naturally conceived offspring (weighted mean differences and confidence intervals: 1.88 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.27, 3.49] for SBP and 1.51 mm Hg [95% CI, 0.33, 2.70] for DBP). In addition, cardiac diastolic function was suboptimal and vessel thickness was higher among IVF-ICSI offspring. Compared with the metabolism of naturally conceived offspring, IVF-ICSI offspring displayed comparable BMI, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and higher fasting insulin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children conceived by IVF-ICSI manifested a minor yet statistically significant increase in blood pressure without the clustering of increased BMI or impaired lipid metabolism by early adulthood. Our findings indicate a risk of cardiovascular disease among IVF-ICSI offspring, which calls for longer-term follow-ups and further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xin-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ting-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: huanghefg@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: He-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007246:Infertility / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D050498:Live Birth; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids
keywords: BMI; ICSI; IVF; blood pressure; metabolism