title: G-CSF for mobilizing transplanted bone marrow stem cells in rat model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used in clinical practice for the treatment of neutropenia and to stimulate generation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow donors. In the present study, the ability of G-CSF in mobilizing exogenous bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) from peripheral blood into the brain was tested. We for the first time injected a small amount of BMSCs through the tail vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  We choose 25 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were lesioned by 6-OHDA injected into the left substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNpc). G-CSF (70 µg/kg/day) was given from the 7thday after lesion for five days. The BMSCs (2×105) were injected through the dorsal tail vein on the 7thday after lesion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of rotations was significantly lower in the stem cell therapy group than in the control group. In the third test in the received G-CSF and G-CSF+stem cells groups, animals displayed significant behavioral recovery compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the average of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc between the control group and G-CSF and G-CS+stem cells groups. We didn't detect any labeling stem cells in SNpc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF can't mobilize low amounts of exogenous BMSCs from the blood stream to injured SNpc. But G-CSF (70 µg/kg) is more neuroprotective than BMSCs (2×105number[w1] of BMSCs). Results of our study suggest that G-CSF alone is more neuroprotective than BMSCs.
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Manouchehr
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safari
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Behnaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zarbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sameni
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Abbas Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vafaei
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
authors.forename: Nasrin Khan
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Laya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghahari
keywords: Bone marrow stem cells; Dopaminergic neurons; Granulocyte colony stimulating -; Parkinson; factor