title: Novel G9 rotavirus strains co-circulate in children and pigs, Taiwan.
abstract: Molecular epidemiologic studies collecting information of the spatiotemporal distribution of rotavirus VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) genotypes have shown evidence for the increasing global importance of genotype G9 rotaviruses in humans and pigs. Sequence comparison of the VP7 gene of G9 strains identified different lineages to prevail in the respective host species although some of these lineages appear to be shared among heterologous hosts providing evidence of interspecies transmission events. The majority of these events indicates the pig-to-human spillover, although a reverse route of transmission cannot be excluded either. In this study, new variants of G9 rotaviruses were identified in two children with diarrhea and numerous pigs in Taiwan. Whole genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses of selected strains showed close genetic relationship among porcine and human strains suggesting zoonotic origin of Taiwanese human G9 strains detected in 2014-2015. Although the identified human G9P[19] and G9P[13] rotaviruses represented minority strains, the repeated detection of porcine-like rotavirus strains in Taiwanese children over time justifies the continuation of synchronized strain surveillance in humans and domestic animals.
authors.affiliation: Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fang-Tzy
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Krisztián
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bányai
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Baoming
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Luke Tzu-Chi
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Szilvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yhu-Chering
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science Technology, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Hui
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hsiung
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016679:Genome, Viral; D005838:Genotype; D062306:Geography, Medical; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D013624:Taiwan