title: A C-banded karyotype of mitotic chromosomes in diploid purple coneflower (Echinacea purpureaL.).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aneuploid ermpglasm is an important resource for genetic studies and identification of individual chromosomes in the cells of the aneuploid is an important step. The karyotype has already been established for purple coneflower (Echinacea purpureaL.), but due to the high similarity in the morphology of several pairs of chromosomes in this species, it cannot be used to identify individual chromosomes in its own complement. The objectives of this study are to develop and evaluate the Giemsa C-banding technique for the purpose of identifying the individual chromosomes inEchinacea purpurea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The established karyotype with C-bands showed that all the 11 pairs of chromosomes possessed centromeric bands. Telomeric bands appeared most frequently in almost all the chromosomes with only two exceptions, the short arm of the chromosome 9 and the long arm of the chromosome 10. Intercalary bands were found mainly in the long arm of some chromosomes with only two exceptions, the chromosomes 1 and 2 that had intercalary bands on both arms. The chromosome 4 was the only chromosome where intercalary bands were absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chromosomes inE. purpureacould be stained with Giemsa to bear C-bands. By classifying the chromosomes into groups and judging the C-bands, each chromosome could be identified. The methods established in this study might be used for the identification of chromosome constitution in aneuploidE. purpureacreated in a breeding program.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weizhen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Qingling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaolu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China ; Research Center of South China Medicinal Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Room 614, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China ; Research Center of South China Medicinal Plants, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China ; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuesheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D002871:Chromosome Banding; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D020900:Echinacea / Q000235:genetics*; D059785:Karyotype; D007621:Karyotyping / Q000379:methods*; D008938:Mitosis
keywords: Aneuploid; C-banding technique; Chromosomes; E. Purpurea; Karyotype