title: Porcine kobuvirus 1 in healthy and diarrheic pigs: Genetic detection and characterization of virus and co-infection with rotavirus A.
abstract: The porcine kobuvirus 1 (PKV-1) is believed to be an enteric virus. To investigate the prevalence of PKV-1 in pigs, virus was detected by RT-PCR in rectal swabs originating from 414 healthy and diarrheic pigs of different age categories on farms in Slovakia. Among all ages of animals, PKV-1 was detected equally in diarrheic (63.8%) and clinically healthy (62.9%) pigs. PKV-1 was more often detected in diarrheic (74.6%) than in healthy (64.4%) suckling piglets (<28days) but data was not statistically significant. Results in weaned (28-70days) and fattening (>70days) of both healthy and diarrheic pigs were inconsistent ranging in interval 56.2% to 67.9%. This study did not confirm a clear relationship of PKV-1 infection with diarrhea in pigs. Rotavirus A infection was detected among the same animals in 39% diarrheic and 9.2% healthy suckling piglets (p<0.001) confirming rotavirus as a causative agent of diarrhea in this age group. The difference was not significant in older pigs with both diarrheic and healthy pigs being infected within a range of 0% to 12.2%. Co-infection with PKV-1 and rotavirus A was detected overall in 5.6% of healthy and in 13.5% of diarrheic pigs and was highest in suckling piglets (33.9%). The PKV-1sequences from pigs in Slovakia were analyzed at the genetic level in the partial 3D gene region for the first time. The viral sequences were grouped in phylogenetic clusters according to their farm of origin. When compared with 157 nucleotide sequences originating from pig samples of different countries around the world Slovakian PKV-1 sequences were clustered in the phylogenetic tree with Asian sequences but not with nucleotide sequences from the neighbouring countries of Czech Republic or Hungary.
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: anna.jackova@uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jackova
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: sliz.ivan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sliz
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: rene.mandelik@uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mandelik
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: slavomira.salamunova@uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Slavomira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salamunova
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: jaroslav.novotny@uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Jaroslav
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University, Srobarova 2, SK-041 80 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: mariana.kolesarova@upjs.sk.
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolesarova
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: michaela.vlasakova@uvlf.sk.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vlasakova
authors.affiliation: University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, SK-041 81 Kosice, Slovakia. Electronic address: vilcek@uvm.sk.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vilcek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D058070:Asymptomatic Diseases; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D060085:Coinfection; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D052699:Kobuvirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D010850:Picornaviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D014886:Weaning
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral
keywords: Diarrhea; Phylogenetic analysis; Porcine kobuvirus 1; Rotavirus