title: Endovascular Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome via Balloon-in-Balloon Catheter Technique with a Palmaz Stent.
abstract: Superior vena cava syndrome is a well-known disease entity that carries substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Although most cases of superior vena cava syndrome are secondary to a malignant process, additional causes (such as mediastinal fibrosis, pacemaker lead implantation, or central venous catheter placement) have been reported. Multiple treatment options include percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stent implantation, thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and venous grafting. We present a case of superior vena cava syndrome in a symptomatic 30-year-old woman who obtained complete relief of obstruction and marked symptomatic improvement through venoplasty and stenting, aided by our use of a balloon-in-balloon catheter system.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shatila
authors.forename: Abdelkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almanfi
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massumi
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Dhaval R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: Neil E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Strickman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010690:Phlebography; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D015607:Stents; D013479:Superior Vena Cava Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D062666:Vascular Access Devices; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
keywords: Angioplasty, balloon/methods; blood vessel prosthesis implantation/instrumentation; pacemaker, artificial/adverse effects; stents; superior vena cava syndrome/etiology/therapy; treatment outcome; vena cava, superior/pathology