title: Fluorinated and Charged Hydrogenated Alkanethiolates Grafted on Gold: Expanding the Diversity of Mixed-Monolayer Nanoparticles for Biological Applications.
abstract: Low intrinsic toxicity, high solubility, and stability are important and necessary features of gold nanoparticles to be used in the biomedical field. In this context, charged nanoparticles proved to be very versatile, and among them charged mixed-monolayer gold nanoparticles, displaying monolayers with well-defined morphologies, represent a paradigm. By using mixtures of hydrogenated and fluorinated thiols, the formation of monolayer domains may be brought to an extreme because of the immiscibility of fluorinated and hydrogenated chains. Following this rationale, mixed monolayer gold nanoparticles featuring ammonium, sulfonate, or carboxylic groups on their surface were prepared by using amphiphilic hydrogenated thiols and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-alkanethiols. The toxicity of these systems was assessed in HeLa cells and was found to be, in general, low even for the cationic nanoparticles which usually show a high cytotoxicity and is comparable to that of homoligand gold nanoparticles displaying amphiphilic-charge neutral-hydrogenated or fluorinated thiolates in their monolayer. These properties make the mixed ligand monolayer gold nanoparticles an interesting new candidate for medical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit , via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bidoggia
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit , via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milocco
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica R. Stevanato, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Polizzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi and Centro di Microscopia Elettronica R. Stevanato, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia , Via Torino 155/b, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1604-5265
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Canton
authors.affiliation: NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO-campus , via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saccani
authors.affiliation: NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO-campus , via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5837-4097
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sanavio
authors.affiliation: NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO-campus , via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krol
authors.affiliation: NanoMed lab, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", IFOM-IEO-campus , via Adamello, 20133 Milan, Italy.|Institute of Materials, École Polytecnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4635-6080
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stellacci
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit , via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pengo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste and INSTM Trieste Unit , via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1842-9609
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pasquato
mesh_terms: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D054879:Halogenation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D006046:Gold