title: Evaluation of the potential killing performance of novel percussive and cervical dislocation tools in chicken cadavers.
abstract: 1. Four mechanical poultry killing devices; modified Armadillo (MARM), modified Rabbit Zinger (MZIN), modified pliers (MPLI) and a novel mechanical cervical dislocation (NMCD) gloved device, were assessed for their killing potential in the cadavers of euthanised birds. 2. A 4 × 4 × 4 factorial design (batch × device × bird type + age) was employed. Ten bird cadavers per bird type and age were tested with each of the 4 devices (N = 160 birds). All cadavers were examined post-mortem to establish the anatomical damage caused. 3. NMCD, MARM and MZIN demonstrated killing potential, as well as consistency in their anatomical effects. NMCD had the highest killing potential, with 100% of birds sustaining the required physical trauma to have caused rapid death. 4. The MPLI was inconsistent, and only performed optimally for 27.5% of birds. Severe crushing injury was seen in >50% of MPLI birds, suggesting that birds would die of asphyxia rather than cerebral ischaemia, a major welfare concern. As a result, the MPLI are not recommended as a humane on-farm killing device for chickens. 5. This experiment provides important data on the killing potential of untried novel percussive and mechanical cervical dislocation methods, informing future studies.
authors.affiliation: a Animal Behaviour and Welfare , SRUC, Roslin Institute Building , Easter Bush, Edinburgh , UK.|b Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute , University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush, Edinburgh , UK.|c Institute of Biodiversity , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: J E
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0294-8770
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Biodiversity , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK.
authors.forename: D E F
authors.initials: DEF
authors.lastname: McKeegan
authors.affiliation: d Livetec Systems Ltd , Silsoe , Bedford , UK.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sparrey
authors.affiliation: a Animal Behaviour and Welfare , SRUC, Roslin Institute Building , Easter Bush, Edinburgh , UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sandilands
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002102:Cadaver; D002645:Chickens; D005260:Female
keywords: Animal welfare; cervical dislocation; killing; percussive; post-mortem; poultry