title: Redox regulation of cardiovascular inflammation - Immunomodulatory function of mitochondrial and Nox-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
abstract: Oxidative stress is a major hallmark of cardiovascular diseases although a causal link was so far not proven by large clinical trials. However, there is a close association between oxidative stress and inflammation and increasing evidence for a causal role of (low-grade) inflammation for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases, which may serve as the missing link between oxidative stress and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With the present review we would like to highlight the multiple redox regulated pathways in inflammation, discuss the sources of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are of interest for these processes and finally discuss the importance of angiotensin II (AT-II) as a trigger of cardiovascular inflammation and the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kossmann
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Münzel
authors.affiliation: Center for Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Partner Site Rhine-Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: daiber@uni-mainz.de.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daiber
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D065206:Extracellular Traps / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019255:NADPH Oxidases
keywords: ENOS uncoupling; Endothelial dysfunction; Inflammation; Low-grade inflammation; Redox regulation