title: Synthesis of an allergy inducing tetrasaccharide "4P-X".
abstract: 4P-X (β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-[β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-D-glucopyranose) is included in galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) produced by β-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. 4P-X has been known to induce particularly strong allergies. High purity 4P-X is essential for use as a standard to quantify the amount of 4P-X in GOSs; however, the isolation of high purity 4P-X has never been reported. In this study, we achieved the synthesis of 4P-X by a combination of organic and enzymatic chemical syntheses in a short time. This is the first report of isolated, high purity 4P-X.
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagahata
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Odaka
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.affiliation: Enzymes and Pharmaceuticals Laboratory, GODO SHUSEI Co., Ltd., 250 Nakahara, Kamihongo, Matsudo City, Chiba, 271-0064, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurashima
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amamiya-machi Tsutsumidori, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004187:Disaccharides; D009844:Oligosaccharides; C056853:6-O-galactopyranosylgalactose; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D007785:Lactose; D005690:Galactose
keywords: 4P-X; Allergy; Galacto-oligosaccharides; Oligosaccharide synthesis