title: The role of the CNR1 gene in schizophrenia: a systematic review including unpublished data.
abstract: Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder. It is known that a combination of extensive multiple common alleles may be involved in its etiology, each contributing with a small to moderate effect, and, possibly, some rare alleles with a much larger effect size. We aimed to perform a systematic review of association studies between schizophrenia (and its subphenotypes) and polymorphisms in the CNR1 gene, which encodes cannabinoid receptors classically implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology, as well as to present unpublished results of an association study in a Brazilian population.
  Two reviewers independently searched for eligible studies and extracted outcome data using a structured form. Papers were retrieved from PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge using the search term schizophrenia in combination with CNR1 or CB1 or cannabinoid receptor. Twenty-four articles met our inclusion criteria. We additionally present data from a study of our own comparing 182 patients with schizophrenia and 244 healthy controls.
  No consistent evidence is demonstrated.
  Some seemingly positive association studies stress the need for further investigations of the possible role of endocannabinoid genetics in schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Departamento de Psiquiatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Eduardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Airton F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vinicius
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mrad
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ary
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadelha
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bressan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Departamento de Psiquiatria, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Quirino
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.|Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sintia I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Belangero
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D063388:Endocannabinoids / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000235:genetics*; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C571130:CNR1 protein, human; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid