title: Comparison of Intrinsic Rate of Different House Fly Densities in a Simulated Condition: A Prediction for House Fly Population and Control Threshold.
abstract: Determining the control threshold for a pest is common prior to initiating a pest control program; however, previous studies related to the house fly control threshold for a poultry farm are insufficient for determining such a threshold. This study aimed to predict the population changes of house fly population by comparing the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) for different house fly densities in a simulated system. This study first defined the knee points of a known population growth curve as a control threshold by comparing the rmof five densities of house flies in a simulated condition. Later, to understand the interactions between the larval and adult populations, the correlation between larval and adult capacity rate (rc) was studied. The rmvalues of 300- and 500-fly densities were significantly higher compared with the rmvalues at densities of 50 and 100 flies. This result indicated their representative indices as candidates for a control threshold. The rcof larval and adult populations were negatively correlated with densities of fewer than 300 flies; this implicated adult populations with fewer than 300 flies as declining while the larval population was growing; therefore, control approaches should focus on the immature stages. The results in the present study suggest a control threshold for house fly populations. Future works should focus on calibrating the threshold indices in field conditions.
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (songguan26@gmail.com; hamdana@usm.my; zairi@usm.my; adnanrus@usm.my; fadhlinahazwani@yahoo.com) songguan26@gmail.com.|KDU Penang University College, 32, Jalan Anson, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Song-Quan
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (songguan26@gmail.com; hamdana@usm.my; zairi@usm.my; adnanrus@usm.my; fadhlinahazwani@yahoo.com).
authors.forename: Hamdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (songguan26@gmail.com; hamdana@usm.my; zairi@usm.my; adnanrus@usm.my; fadhlinahazwani@yahoo.com).
authors.forename: Zairi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jaal
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (songguan26@gmail.com; hamdana@usm.my; zairi@usm.my; adnanrus@usm.my; fadhlinahazwani@yahoo.com).
authors.forename: Adanan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rus
authors.affiliation: Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (songguan26@gmail.com; hamdana@usm.my; zairi@usm.my; adnanrus@usm.my; fadhlinahazwani@yahoo.com).
authors.forename: Fadhlina Hazwani Mohd
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Fadzlah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006793:Houseflies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011156:Population Density; D011158:Population Growth
keywords: Musca domestica; capacity rate; control threshold; intrinsic rate; knee point