title: Cardiorespiratory Fitness after Transient Ischemic Attack and Minor Ischemic Stroke: Baseline Data of the MoveIT Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is reduced in patients with stroke. It is unclear whether it is also reduced in patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke. We investigated the CRF in patients with a recent TIA or minor stroke and explored which determinants are associated with a lower fitness.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 113 patients with a recent TIA or minor ischemic stroke (64 (SD = 10) years of age; 49 (IQR 27-86) days post TIA or stroke), the peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) was determined in a symptom-limited ramp exercise test. Physical activity level, vascular risk factors, history of vascular or pulmonary disease, and stroke characteristics were recorded at inclusion and related to the VO2peak.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean VO2peak was 22 mL/kg/min (SD = 6), which is the fifth percentile of age- and sex-related normative values. Increasing age and female sex were associated with a lower VO2peak (B (95% CI): per 10 years -2.57 mL/kg/min (-3.75; -1.40) and female sex -5.84 mL/kg/min (-8.06; -3.62)). Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression analyses showed that a history of cardiovascular disease and pulmonary disease was associated with a lower VO2peak. In addition, a lower level of physical activity, hypertension, smoking, and overweight were associated with a lower VO2peak. History of stroke and stroke characteristics were not related to VO2peak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients with a recent TIA or minor ischemic stroke have a poor CRF. Our findings suggest that premorbid cardiovascular and pulmonary disease and vascular risk factors, but not TIA- or stroke-related factors, contribute to a reduced CRF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H Myrthe
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Boss
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Inger A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Deijle
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sander M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Van Schaik
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: de Melker
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bob T J
authors.initials: BTJ
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mirjam I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Geerlings
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L Jaap
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kappelle
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: r.vandenberg-vos@olvg.nl.
authors.forename: Renske M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Van den Berg-Vos
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005080:Exercise Test; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
keywords: Exercise test; physical activity; risk factor; stroke; transient ischemic attack