title: Anesthesia Practices for Interventional Radiology in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe (CIRSE) prompted an initiative to frame the current European status of anesthetic practices for interventional radiology, in consideration of the current variability of IR suite settings, staffing and anesthetic practices reported in the literature and of the growing debate on sedation administered by non-anesthesiologists, in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anonymous online survey available to all European CIRSE members to assess IR setting, demographics, peri-procedural care, anesthetic management, resources and staffing, pain management, data collection, safety, management of emergencies and personal opinions on the role CIRSE should have in promoting anesthetic care for interventional radiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predictable differences between countries and national regulations were confirmed, showing how significantly many "local" factors (type and size of centers, the availability of dedicated inpatient bed, availability of anesthesia staff) can affect the routine practice and the expansion of IR as a subspecialty. In addition, the perception of the need for IR to acquire more sedation-related skills is definitely stronger for those who practice with the lowest availability of anesthesia care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant country variations and regulations along with a controversial position of the anesthesia community on the issue of sedation administered by non-anesthesiologists substantially represent the biggest drawbacks for the expansion of peri-procedural anesthetic care for IR and for potential initiatives at an European level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University La Sapienza, viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. alessandra.vari@uniroma1.it.|, via degli Scipioni 220, 00192, Rome, Italy. alessandra.vari@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7744-3051
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vari
authors.affiliation: Chef de Pôle, Imagerie, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 1 place de l'Hôpital, 67091, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Afshin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gangi
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000379:methods*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005060:Europe; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D033183:Interdisciplinary Communication; D000070516:Intersectoral Collaboration; D010348:Patient Care Team; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Anesthetic techniques; Interventional radiology; Peri-procedural care; Sedation