title: Genome-Wide Transcriptional and Post-transcriptional Regulation of Innate Immune and Defense Responses of Bovine Mammary Gland toStaphylococcus aureus.
abstract: Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) is problematic for lactating mammals and public health. Understanding of mechanisms by which the hosts respond to severe invasion ofS. aureusremains elusive. In this study, the genome-wide expression of mRNAs and miRNAs in bovine mammary gland cells were interrogated at 24 h after intra-mammary infection (IMI) with high or low concentrations ofS. aureus. Compared to the negative control quarters, 194 highly-confident responsive genes were identified in the quarters with high concentration (109cfu/mL) ofS. aureus, which were predominantly implicated in pathways and biological processes pertaining to innate immune system, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and inflammatory response. In contrast, only 21 highly-confident genes were significantly differentially expressed in face of low concentration (106cfu/mL) ofS. aureus, which slightly perturbed the cell signaling and invoked corresponding responses like vasoconstriction, indicating limited perturbations and immunological evading. Additionally, the significant up-regulations of bta-mir-223 and bta-mir-21-3p were observed in the quarters infected by high concentration ofS. aureus. Network analysis suggested that the two miRNAs' pivotal roles in defending hosts against bacterial infection probably through inhibitingCXCL14andKIT. The significant down-regulation ofCXCL14was also observed in bovine mammary epithelial cells at 24 h post-infection ofS. aureus(108cfu/mL)in vitro. Integrated analysis with QTL database further suggested 28 genes (e.g.,CXCL14, KIT, andSLC4A11) as candidates of bovine mastitis. This study first systematically revealed transcriptional and post-transcriptional responses of bovine mammary gland cells to invadingS. aureusin a dosage-dependent pattern, and highlighted a complicated responsive mechanism in a network of miRNA-gene-pathway interplay.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus UniversityTjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lingzhao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yali
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Bingjie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Minyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityBeijing, China; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus UniversityTjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University Tjele, Denmark.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yichun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yachun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biotechnology and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huabin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shengli
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008414:Mastitis, Bovine / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D012333:RNA, Messenger
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; bovine mastitis; innate immune responses; miRNAome; transcriptome