title: Genoprotective Capacity of Alternatively Cultivated Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), Basidiocarps.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is traditionally used in Eastern medicine to preserve vitality, promote longevity, and treat disease. It possesses immunomodulatory, antitumor, antimicrobial, and antiaging activities, among others, but one of the most important is its antioxidant property, which is the basis for other effects, because free radicals trigger many diseases. The substrate commonly used for commercial cultivation of G. lucidum is not environmentally friendly nor economically justified, so there is a need to find new alternative substrates. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of substrate composition on the bioactivity of G. lucidum basidiocarps. G. lucidum was cultivated on 2 different substrates: (1) a mixture of wheat straw, grapevine branches, and wheat bran, and (2) wheat straw. Commercial fruiting bodies, cultivated on oak sawdust, were used as the control. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability, total phenols, and flavonoid content were determined spectrophotometrically to define the antioxidative potential of basidiocarp extracts. The comet test was performed to detect the degree of DNA damage in the cells that were exposed to G. lucidum extracts before and after the effect of oxidants. Higher antioxidative potential was observed for the extract of G. lucidum basidiocarps cultivated on wheat straw compared with that from the mixed substrate and especially with commercial ones. The alternatively cultivated basidiocarps also showed stronger antigenotoxic potential compared with commercial ones. The study showed that fruiting bodies produced on wheat straw, one of the most accessible and cheapest crop residues, are more potent antioxidant and antigenotoxic agents than commercially cultivated ones.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac," Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jasmina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cilerdzic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac," Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stajic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Lada
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zivkovic
authors.affiliation: Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden "Jevremovac," Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vukojevic
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Radiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Nuclear Sciences "Vinca," University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Vladan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bajic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Human Genetics, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spremo-Potparevic
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001688:Biological Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D014908:Triticum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D014934:Wood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl