title: Differentiation of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma From Other Renal Cortical Tumors by Use of a Quantitative Multiparametric MRI Approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative multiparametric MRI approach to differentiating clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from other renal cortical tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study included 119 patients with 124 histopathologically confirmed renal cortical tumors who underwent preoperative MRI including DWI, contrast-enhanced, and chemical-shift sequences before nephrectomy. Two radiologists independently assessed each tumor volumetrically, and apparent diffusion coefficient values, parameters from multiphasic contrast-enhanced MRI (peak enhancement, upslope, downslope, AUC), and chemical-shift indexes were calculated. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify parameters associated with clear cell RCC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interreader agreement was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.815-0.994). The parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (reader 1 AUC, 0.804; reader 2, 0.807), peak enhancement (reader 1 AUC, 0.629; reader 2, 0.606), and downslope (reader 1 AUC, 0.575; reader 2, 0.561) were significantly associated with discriminating clear cell RCC from other renal cortical tumors. The combination of all three parameters further increased diagnostic accuracy (reader 1 AUC, 0.889; reader 2, 0.907; both p ≤ 0.001), yielding sensitivities of 0.897 for reader 1 and 0.897 for reader 2, and specificities of 0.762 for reader 1 and 0.738 for reader 2 in the identification of clear cell RCC. With maximized sensitivity, specificities of 0.429 and 0.262 were reached for readers 1 and 2, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A quantitative multiparametric approach statistically significantly improves diagnostic performance in differentiating clear cell RCC from other renal cortical tumors.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.|2 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hötker
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mazaheri
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wibmer
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Karlo
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Junting
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Chaya S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moskowitz
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tickoo
authors.affiliation: 6 Department of Surgery, Urology Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
authors.forename: Oguz
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: DWI; MRI; diagnostic imaging; diffusion; kidney; neoplasms; renal cell carcinoma