title: Associations between Yogurt Consumption and Weight Gain and Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
abstract: The role of yogurt consumption in the risk of developing overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome has been the subject of epidemiologic studies over the last 10 y. A comprehensive literature search on MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge from 1966 through June 2016 was conducted to examine the relation between yogurt consumption and weight gain, as well as the risk of overweight, obesity, or metabolic syndrome, in prospective cohort studies. Ten articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in our systematic review. Of the 10 cohort studies, 3 analyzed the relation between yogurt consumption and the risk of overweight or obesity, 8 analyzed changes in waist circumference or weight changes, 3 studied the association with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and 1 studied the probability of abdominal obesity reversion. Although an inverse association between yogurt consumption and the risk of developing overweight or obesity was not fully consistent or always statistically significant, all studies but one showed in their point estimates inverse associations between yogurt consumption and changes in waist circumference, changes in weight, risk of overweight or obesity, and risk of metabolic syndrome during follow-up, although not all estimates were statistically significant (2 studies). Prospective cohort studies consistently suggested that yogurt consumption may contribute to a reduction in adiposity indexes and the risk of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, there is a need for more prospective studies and high-quality randomized clinical trials to confirm this apparent inverse association.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; msayon@alumni.unav.es.|Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.|Navarra Health Service, Pamplona, Spain; and.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-3263
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sayon-Orea
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez-González
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7684-2787
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Canela
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra's Health Research Institute (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain.|Biomedical Research Network on Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bes-Rastrollo
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal; D055105:Waist Circumference; D015430:Weight Gain; D015014:Yogurt
keywords: functional foods; metabolic syndrome; obesity; probiotics; waist circumference