title: Surface-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for determination of trace fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics in water.
abstract: In this study, a surface-coated wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SCWT-ESI-MS) method was developed for rapid and sensitive analysis of trace fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics in water. First, a SCWT solid-phase microextration (SPME) probe was prepared, via silanization and sulfonation for modification of a layer of adsorbent containing both C8-chain and sulfo group on the surface of wooden tips. Then, the SCWT-SPME probe was applied for extraction of trace fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics in water. The specially designed adsorbent gave the probe desirable enrichment capacity towards fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics, with enrichment factors of approximately 100-500 folds for six target analytes. After extraction, the loaded SCWT-SPME probe was directly applied for ambient MS analysis. With the application of a high voltage and some spray solvent on the SCWT-SPME probe, analytes enriched on the probe was desorbed and ionized for mass spectrometric analysis under ambient and open-air conditions. The method was sensitive, with limits of detection and quantification of 1.8-4.5 ng/L and 5.9-15.1 ng/L, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, with correlation coefficient values (r2) of no less than 0.9940 for six target analytes. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of six fluoroquinolone and macrolide antibiotics in tap and river water samples, and no antibiotic was found in tap water but some antibiotics were detected in river water with concentrations at dozens to hundreds nanogram-per-liter level. Standard addition experiments were also performed, and the obtained recoveries were 89-102% for tap waters and 82-92% for river waters, respectively. All the experimental results demonstrated that our proposed SCWT-ESI-MS method was rapid, sensitive, and reliable for analyzing trace antibiotics in water.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Jiewei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Tiantian
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals and Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Lijuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency Test for Dangerous Chemicals and Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory of Analysis and Testing Technology, China National Analytical Center Guangzhou, 100 Xianlie Middle Road, Guangzhou 510070, China. Electronic address: yy_yang@vip.126.com.
authors.forename: Yunyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingangxi Road, Guangzhou 510275, China. Electronic address: cesltg@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Tiangang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000032:analysis; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D060766:Drinking Water; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D018942:Macrolides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Ambient ionization; Antibiotics; Mass spectrometry; Solid-phase microextraction; Surface-coated wooden-tip