title: Prevalence, impact and cost of multimorbidity in a cohort of people with chronic pain in Ireland: a study protocol.
abstract: Multimorbidity (MM) refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions within one person, where no one condition is considered primary. As populations age and healthcare provision improves, MM is becoming increasingly common and poses a challenge to the single morbidity approach to illness management, usually adopted by healthcare systems. Indeed, recent research has shown that 66.2% of the people in primary care in Ireland are living with MM. Healthcare usage and cost is significantly associated with MM, and additional chronic conditions lead to exponential increases in service usage and financial costs, and decreases in physical and mental well-being. Certain conditions, for example, chronic pain, are highly correlated with MM. This study aims to assess the extent, profile, impact and cost of MM among Irish adults with chronic pain.
  
  
  
  Using cluster sampling, participants aged 18 years and over will be recruited from Irish pain clinics and provided an information package and questionnaire asking them to participate in our study at three time points, 1 year apart. The questionnaire will include our specially developed checklist to assess the prevalence and impact of MM, along with validated measures of quality of life, pain, depression and anxiety, and illness perception. Economic data will also be collected, including direct and indirect costs.
  
  
  
  Ethical approval has been granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the National University of Ireland, Galway. Dissemination of results will be via journal articles and conference presentations.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Slattery
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haugh
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Christopher P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Higgins
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caes
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology and Centre for Pain Research, National University Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D057189:Checklist; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000076322:Multimorbidity / Q000639:trends; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D016730:Program Development; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Chronic Pain; Multimorbidity; Prevalence