title: Cross-talk between lipid and protein carbonylation in a dynamic cardiomyocyte model of mild nitroxidative stress.
abstract: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) play an important role in the regulation of cardiac function. Increase in ROS/RNS concentration results in lipid and protein oxidation and is often associated with onset and/or progression of many cardiovascular disorders. However, interplay between lipid and protein modifications has not been simultaneously studied in detail so far. Biomolecule carbonylation is one of the most common biomarkers of oxidative stress. Using a dynamic model of nitroxidative stress we demonstrated rapid changes in biomolecule carbonylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Levels of carbonylated species increased as early as 15min upon treatment with the peroxynitrite donor, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), and decreased to values close to control after 16h. Total (lipids+proteins) vs. protein-specific carbonylation showed different dynamics, with a significant increase in protein-bound carbonyls at later time points. Treatment with SIN-1 in combination with inhibitors of proteasomal and autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathways allowed confirmation of a significant role of the proteasome in the degradation of carbonylated proteins, whereas lipid carbonylation increased in the presence of autophagy/lysosomal inhibitors. Electrophilic aldehydes and ketones formed by lipid peroxidation were identified and relatively quantified using LC-MS/MS. Molecular identity of reactive species was used for data-driven analysis of their protein targets. Combination of different enrichment strategies with LC-MS/MS analysis allowed identification of more than 167 unique proteins with 332 sites modified by electrophilic lipid peroxidation products. Gene ontology analysis of modified proteins demonstrated enrichment of several functional categories including proteins involved in cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, ion channels and their regulation. Using calcium mobilization assays, the effect of nitroxidative stress on the activity of several ion channels was further confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Griesser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Venukumar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vemula
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Raulien
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reeg
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 München-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grune
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: maria.fedorova@bbz.uni-leipzig.de.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fedorova
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy / Q000235:genetics; D007659:Ketones / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000235:genetics; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D050050:Protein Carbonylation / Q000235:genetics*; D059748:Proteolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D007659:Ketones; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C002385:linsidomine; D008981:Molsidomine; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D009584:Nitrogen
keywords: Carbonylation; Cardiomyocytes; Lipid oxidation; Lipid-protein adducts; Nitroxidative stress; Protein oxidation