title: [Cigarette smoking in different manners induces acute lung injury in rats].
abstract: Objective:To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking in different manners on acute lung injury in rats.Methods:The commercially available cigarettes with tar of 1,5, 11 mg were smoked in Canada depth smoking (health canada method, HCM) manner, and those with tar of 11 mg were also smoked in international standard (ISO) smoking manner. Rats were fixed and exposed to mainstream in a manner of nose-mouth exposure. After 28 days, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from left lung were collected for counting and classification of inflammatory cells and determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. The right lungs were subjected to histological examination and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.Results:In both HCM and ISO manners, the degree of lung injury was closely related to the tar content of cigarettes, and significant decrease in the body weight of rats was observed after smoking for one week. In a HCM manner, smoking with cigarette of 11 mg tar resulted in robust infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils into lungs, significant increase in IL-1β and TNF-α levels and MPO activities, and significant decrease in GSH levels and SOD activities and increase in ROS and MDA levels (allP<0.05). Smoking with cigarette of 5 mg tar led to moderate increase in IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and MPO activities (allP<0.05), and moderate decrease in GSH levels and SOD activities and increase of ROS and MDA levels (allP<0.05). However, smoking with cigarette of 1 mg tar affected neither inflammatory cell infiltration nor IL-1β and TNF-α levels.Conclusion:Cigarette smoking in nose-mouth exposure manner can induce acute lung injury in rats; and the degree of lung injury is closely related to the content of tar and other hazards in cigarettes.
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China.
authors.forename: Weiqiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China. zhougj@zjtobacco.com.
authors.forename: Guojun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Chengyun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China.
authors.forename: Xinbo
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310024, China.
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. xiwu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ximei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000187:drug effects*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D062789:Tobacco Products / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione