title: Photochemoprotective effects against UVA and UVB irradiation and photosafety assessment of Litchi chinensis leaves extract.
abstract: Actually, there has been an increase in the use of natural products as skin photoprotective agents. In this way, the aim of present study was to investigate the L. chinensis leaves extract photochemoprotection potential and photosafety using in vitro methods. The extract cytotoxicity, cytoprotection and photochemoprotection against UVA and UVB radiation were assayed in L929 cells. The DNA damage was evaluated by comet assay. DCFH-DA, SOD, CAT and GSH assays were employed to verify the oxidative stress. We also determined the spectrophotometric Solar Protection Factor (SPF) of the extract. The photosafety was evaluated in red blood cells (RBC). In addition, the HET-CAM and agarose overlay tests were employed to evaluate the irritant potential. The results obtained show that extract is not cytotoxic and present cytoprotective activity against H2O2and is able to protect the cells against DNA damage induced by UVA and UVB radiation. The extract was able to reduce the ROS production. The SPF obtained was 18.9 at 1mg/mL. We demonstrate that L. chinensis extract is photosafe and protect RBCs against oxidative damage, and did not induce irritation. Data herein obtained pointed out the potential of L. chinensis extract for photochemoprotection against UVA/UVB radiation and its damaging effects on human skin.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Liliani Carolini
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Thiesen
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccarin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flávia
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Fischer-Muller
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil; NIQFAR CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyre-Silva
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil; NIQFAR CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelica Garcia
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil; NIQFAR CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tania Mari Bellé
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bresolin
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil; NIQFAR CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina CEP 88302-202, Brazil. Electronic address: jrs.santin@univali.br.
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Santin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012449:Safety; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: Irritant; Litchi chinensis; Photochemoprotection; Photohaemolysis; Phototoxicity