title: Initialization-Free Multilevel States Driven by Spin-Orbit Torque Switching.
abstract: By engineering multidomain formation in Co/Pt multilayers, it is demonstrated how multilevel storage can be achieved by spin-orbit torque switching. It is rather remarkable that, by modulating the writing pulse conditions, the final magnetization states can be controlled, independent of the initial configurations. The initialization-free multilevel memory advances the spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory to higher storage density for practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.
authors.forename: Kuo-Feng
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.
authors.forename: Ding-Shuo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.
authors.forename: Ming-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.
authors.forename: Hsiu-Hau
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Huang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lai
keywords: Co/Pt multilayers; initialization-free; multilevel; spin-orbit torque