title: Goal intention reminding in traumatic brain injury: A feasibility study using implementation intentions and text messaging.
abstract: To examine feasibility of participant-created implementation intentions, delivered as text message reminders, to enhance goal-related activity in persons with chronic, moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  
  Pilot randomized controlled trial on effects of 8 weeks receiving goal-related implementation intentions (GI) compared to control condition, educational review regarding goals (GR).
  
  
  
  Eight persons with moderate/severe TBI nearing discharge from intensive outpatient brain injury treatment.
  
  
  
  Neuropsychological tests to characterize cognitive status; Participation with Recombined Tools-Objective (PART-O) assessing community activity, social relations and productivity; Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) assessing depression, anxiety and overall distress; Goal Attainment Scales (GAS). PART-O, BSI-18 and GAS were completed at baseline and 8 weeks; significant others provided ratings on PART-O and GAS.
  
  
  
  Participants replied to SMS messages at high rates. Statistically significant group × time interactions with medium-to-large effect sizes favouring the GI group were observed on PART-O community activity and social relations. Neither BSI-18 nor GAS revealed differences or trends by group. Qualitative results suggested overall acceptance and success of SMS reminders.
  
  
  
  Given positive preliminary findings, implementation intentions delivered by text holds promise as a simple, low-cost intervention to help people with moderate/severe TBI to implement goal-relevant behaviours.
authors.affiliation: a Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute , Elkins Park , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Tessa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.affiliation: a Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute , Elkins Park , PA , USA.
authors.forename: Monica J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070642:Brain Injuries, Traumatic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D060145:Text Messaging; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Brain injuries; goal management training; implementation intentions; rehabilitation technology