title: Sunshine vitamin and thyroid.
abstract: Vitamin D exerts its canonical roles on the musculoskeletal system and in the calcium/phosphorus homeostasis. In the last years, increasing evidences suggested several extra-skeletal actions of this hormone, indicating that vitamin D may produce effects in almost all the body tissues. These are mediated by the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and thanks to the presence of the 1-α-hydroxylase, the protein that converts the 25-hydroxyvitamin (calcidiol) to the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (calcitriol). Several studies evaluated the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, and this review will focus on the available data of the literature evaluating the association between vitamin D and thyroid function, vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease and post-partum thyroiditis, and vitamin D and thyroid cancer.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Immacolata Cristina
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Nettore
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR (IEOS-CNR) "G. Salvatore", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ungaro
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy. pmacchia@unina.it.
authors.forename: Paolo Emidio
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Macchia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D013472:Sunlight; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: Graves’ disease; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis; Post-partum thyroiditis; Thyroid cancer; Vitamin D