title: Profiles of Amino Acids and Acylcarnitines Related with Insecticide Exposure in Culex quinquefasciatus (Say).
abstract: Culex quinquefasciatus Say is a vector of many pathogens of humans, and both domestic and wild animals. Personal protection, reduction of larval habitats, and chemical control are the best ways to reduce mosquito bites and, therefore, the transmission of mosquito-borne pathogens. Currently, to reduce the risk of transmission, the pyrethroids, and other insecticide groups have been extensively used to control both larvae and adult mosquitoes. In this context, amino acids and acylcarnitines have never been associated with insecticide exposure and or insecticide resistance. It has been suggested that changes in acylcarnitines and amino acids profiles could be a powerful diagnostic tool for metabolic alterations. Monitoring these changes could help to better understand the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance, complementing the strategies for managing this phenomenon in the integrated resistance management. The purpose of the study was to determine the amino acids and acylcarnitines profiles in larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus after the exposure to different insecticides. Bioassays were performed on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae exposed to the diagnostic doses (DD) of the insecticides chlorpyrifos (0.001 μg/mL), temephos (0.002 μg/mL) and permethrin (0.01 μg/mL). In each sample, we analyzed the profile of 12 amino acids and 31 acylcarnitines by LC-MS/MS. A t-test was used to determine statistically significant differences between groups and corrections of q-values. Results indicates three changes, the amino acids arginine (ARG), free carnitine (C0) and acetyl-carnitine (C2) that could be involved in energy production and insecticide detoxification. We confirmed that concentrations of amino acids and acylcarnitines in Cx. quinquefasciatus vary with respect to different insecticides. The information generated contributes to understand the possible mechanisms and metabolic changes occurring during insecticide exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: Abdiel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin-Park
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Mayra A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gomez-Govea
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopez-Monroy
authors.affiliation: Cátedra de Bioinformática, Escuela de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Víctor Manuel
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Treviño-Alvarado
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: María Del Rosario
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Torres-Sepúlveda
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Graciela Arelí
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: López-Uriarte
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Olga Karina
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Villanueva-Segura
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: María Del Consuelo
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Herrera
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana, Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
authors.forename: Margarita de la Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Martinez-Fierro
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, México.|Instituto Estatal de Cáncer, Secretaria de Salud de Colima, Colima, México.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delgado-Enciso
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Adriana E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Flores-Suárez
authors.affiliation: The Coachella Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Indio, California, United States of America.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Martínez de Villarreal
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponce-Garcia
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Black
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
authors.forename: Irám Pablo
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D003465:Culex / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D055442:Metabolome; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007306:Insecticides; C116917:acylcarnitine; D002331:Carnitine