title: Risk Factors for Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis, United States.
abstract: Of 150,000 new coccidioidomycosis infections that occur annually in the United States, ≈1% disseminate; one third of those cases are fatal. Immunocompromised hosts have higher rates of dissemination. We identified 8 patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis who had defects in the interleukin-12/interferon-γ and STAT3 axes, indicating that these are critical host defense pathways.
authors.forename: Camila D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Odio
authors.forename: Beatriz E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Marciano
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Galgiani
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Holland
mesh_terms: D003045:Coccidioides / Q000276:immunology; D003047:Coccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D060467:Disease Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D023281:Genomics / Q000379:methods; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Coccidioides; IL-12/IFN-γ; Immunodeficiency; United States; coccidioidomycosis; disseminated coccidioidomycosis; ethnicity; fungi; immunosuppression; interferon; interleukin-12; race