title: Photoantimicrobial Biohybrids by Supramolecular Immobilization of Cationic Phthalocyanines onto Cellulose Nanocrystals.
abstract: The development of photoactive and biocompatible nanostructures is a highly desirable goal to address the current threat of antibiotic resistance. Here, we describe a novel supramolecular biohybrid nanostructure based on the non-covalent immobilization of cationic zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivatives onto unmodified cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), following an easy and straightforward protocol, in which binding is driven by electrostatic interactions. These non-covalent biohybrids show strong photodynamic activity against S. aureus and E. coli, representative examples of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, respectively, and C. albicans, a representative opportunistic fungal pathogen, outperforming the free ZnPc counterparts and related nanosystems in which the photosensitizer is covalently linked to the CNC surface.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Anaya-Plaza
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-1815
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van de Winckel
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Joona
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mikkilä
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Jani-Markus
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malho
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Olli
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-1889
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ikkala
authors.affiliation: Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gulías
authors.affiliation: Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Roger
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7819-7750
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bresolí-Obach
authors.affiliation: Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9173-9684
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agut
authors.affiliation: Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Santi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-5291
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nonell
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9335-6935
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, 00076, Aalto, Finland.
authors.forename: Mauri A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kostiainen
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid/IMDEA (TT), Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-8317
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Escosura
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D020285:Cryoelectron Microscopy; D000067493:Dynamic Light Scattering; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry*; D054833:Isoindoles; D008027:Light; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D017967:Zinc Compounds
chemical_list: D002412:Cations; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D017967:Zinc Compounds; C052159:Zn(II)-phthalocyanine; D002482:Cellulose
keywords: cellulose nanocrystals; functional materials; photoantimicrobial biohybrids; phthalocyanine; supramolecular complex