title: Impact of Focused Intraoperative Transthoracic Echocardiography by Anesthesiologists on Management in Hemodynamically Unstable High-Risk Noncardiac Surgery Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Focused transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used perioperatively for surgical patients. Intraoperative application of TTE is feasible, but its benefits remain unclear. The intention of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative TTE on the management of high-risk noncardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective interventional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive hemodynamically unstable high-risk patients anesthetized for noncardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focused TTE was performed on hemodynamically unstable anesthetized patients whenever circulatory instability (defined as hypotension or low cardiac output) occurred intraoperatively. A cardiac output monitoring system using pulse contour analysis was established before induction of anesthesia. The intended therapy for stabilizing the patient was documented; however, the management actually administered was guided by the results of the TTE. Differences between the 2 lines of management were documented and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraoperative TTE was applied successfully in all 50 unstable patients. In 33 patients (66%, 95% confidence interval, 52.11-77.61) TTE led to a change of management. Altogether, 82 episodes of hemodynamic instability were recorded, including 38 episodes (46.34%, 95% confidence interval, 35.95-57.06) in which TTE led to a change of treatment. The most common pathologic finding was hypovolemia (66%); in contrast, in 22%, right-heart overload or right-heart failure (4%) was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Focused TTE by anesthesiologists can provide new information that may alter the hemodynamic management of unstable high-risk noncardiac surgery patients in the operating room.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. Electronic address: thkratz21@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Maik
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Exner
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
authors.forename: Marco Campo
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Dell Orto
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timmesfeld
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kratz
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrodzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hinnerk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulf
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoremba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000072080:Anesthesiologists; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010819:Physician's Role; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: focused TTE; high-risk noncardiac surgery; intraoperative echocardiography; pulse contour analysis