title: In vitro effects of caffeic acid, nortriptyline, precocene I and quercetin against Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae).
abstract: In the present study, the acaricidal effects of caffeic acid, nortriptyline, precocene I and quercetin against Rhipicephalus annulatus (syn. Boophilus annulatus) Say (Acari: Ixodidae) were evaluated. Adult immersion technique (24 ticks immersed for 2 min in one dilution of the compound) was used for the assessment of the effects of caffeic acid (0.39-100 mg/mL), nortriptyline (0.625-50 mg/L), precocene I (0.004488-5 mg/mL) and quercetin (6.25-100 mg/mL) against R. annulatus. Adult tick mortality, reproductive index, inhibition of fecundity and hatching were calculated. Caffeic acid, nortriptyline, precocene I and quercetin revealed very low adult mortality and inhibition of fecundity, even at the highest concentration tested. Quercetin (>50 mg/mL) caused blocking of hatching of eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India. drreghuravi@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Reghu
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9250-0552
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ravindran
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Nayikottummal Devadas
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Chithra
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Pattanur Edathil
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Karapparambu Gopalan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ajithkumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chandrasekhar
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Kanapadinchareveetil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sreelekha
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Suresh Narayanan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
authors.forename: Sanis
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Juliet
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243 122, India.
authors.forename: Srikanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
mesh_terms: D056810:Acaricides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D056810:Acaricides; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Acaricidal activity; Adult immersion test; Caffeic acid; Hatching block; Nortriptyline; Precocene I; Quercetin; Ticks