title: Assessment of periodontal health status in postmenopausal women visiting dental hospital from in and around Meerut city: Cross-sectional observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Puberty, menses, pregnancy, and menopause are the different phases of a woman's life which have a varied influence on oral health. During the menopause, women go through biological and endocrine changes, particularly in their sex steroid hormone production which affects their health. Because the oral mucosa contains estrogen receptors, variations in hormone levels can be seen directly in the oral cavity leading to a few oral conditions and diseases seen more frequently during postmenopausal years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to assess periodontal health status in postmenopausal women in and around Meerut city.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample comprised ninety postmenopausal women. History of menopause was recorded, and the dental examinations were done by measuring the following parameters of periodontal health: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket probing depth, and Russell's periodontal index. The collected data were subjected to statistical analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the study group, mean age was 55 years, mean missing teeth were 10.3, mean duration of menopause was 9.23. Eleven percent females were completely edentulous, and 5 females had never brushed. Mean PI-s was 1.99, mean GI-s was 1.74, mean BOP was 52.85, and mean Russell's periodontal index was 4.34. Eleven patients were at the initial stages of destructive periodontal disease, 34 had established destructive periodontal disease while thirty patients had the terminal periodontal disease. These findings suggest that females after menopause are at a risk of developing destructive periodontal disease if proper oral hygiene practices are not followed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deepa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Gazal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jain
keywords: Periodontal status; Russel's periodontal index; postmenopausal women; sex steroid hormones