title: Long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease with levodopa and other adjunctive drugs.
abstract: We report a long-term treatment of Parkinson's disease in out-patient clinics. The patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated at the time of clinic visit from September 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2016. Total number of the patients was 498. The age at the evaluation was 69.9 ± 9.3 years and the age of onset was 60.2 ± 11.3. Hoehn and Yahr severity was 3.28 ± 0.94 in patients who were from 16 to 20 years (n = 53) and 3.00 ± 0.86 in patients from 21 years or more (n = 38) from the onset of the disease to the evaluation. The dose of levodopa was 741 ± 295 mg per day and the number of levodopa dosing was 5.85 ± 2.59 times in 16-20 years from the onset to the evaluation and 703 ± 251 mg/day and 6.03 ± 3.20 times a day in 21 years or more from the onset to the evaluation. Levodopa was given in most cases into an empty stomach. The incidence of wearing off was 73.6% and dyskinesia was 37.7% in the 16-20 years group and 76.3% and 55.3% in 21 years or more group, respectively. The patients who had 15 years or less from the onset to the evaluation had much milder severity of the disease. Hoehn and Yahr severity, the dose of levodopa, and the incidence of wearing off were about the same as in the literature. But the incidence of dyskinesia was much lower than those appeared in the literature. We discussed reasons why the incidence of dyskinesia was lower in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. y_mizuno@juntendo.ac.jp.|Tokyo Clinic, Tokyo, Japan. y_mizuno@juntendo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1588-5134
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.affiliation: Ginza Medical and Neurological Clinic, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimoda
authors.affiliation: Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Origasa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa
keywords: Dyskinesia; Levodopa; Long-term treatment; Parkinson’s disease; Wearing off