title: Evidence of regulatory myeloid dendritic cells and circulating inflammatory epidermal dendritic cells-like modulated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 7/8 in adults with atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus and xerosis. Dendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in tissue inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD) skin, especially the inflammatory epidermal dendritic cells (IDEC), a particular subset of myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). The aim of the present study was to assess the phenotype and function of mDC and circulating IDEC-like in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of adults with AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 21 AD patients and 21 non-AD controls, age and gender matched. Expressions of FcεRI, CD36, TNF, IFN- γ, and IL-10 in mDC were analyzed by flow cytometry under various stimuli, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), TLR2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR4 (LPS), and TLR7/8 (CL097) agonists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most prominent findings in AD patients were: (i) enhanced frequency of IL-10 under TLR4 (LPS), and decreased frequency of IFN-γ and TNF under TLR2 (Pam3CSK4) and 7/8 (CL097) stimulation in classic mDC; (ii) elevation of circulating IDEC-like frequency with TLR2 (Pam3CSK4) stimuli, augmented frequency of IFN-γ in nonstimulated condition, and of IL-10 under TLR7/8 (CL097) stimuli in IDEC-like population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In AD individuals, classic mDC showed an immunomodulatory profile, favoring tolerance in a combined action with IDEC-like, and inducing Th1 polarization. Our findings indicate a potential role of IDEC-like in the maintenance of inflammation in atopic dermatitis patients; moreover, IDEC-like may exert a regulatory impact on T cells of AD individuals through IL-10, often induced by agonist mimicking single stranded RNA virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raquel L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Orfali
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tiago
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Titz
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Alberto J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Silva Duarte
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017455:Receptors, IgE / Q000378:metabolism; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000819:agonists; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7 / Q000819:agonists; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8 / Q000819:agonists; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D018955:CD36 Antigens; C547051:CL097 compound; D007093:Imidazoles; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C508075:Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide; D011804:Quinolines; D017455:Receptors, IgE; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495348:TLR7 protein, human; C495349:TLR8 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051199:Toll-Like Receptor 7; D051200:Toll-Like Receptor 8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma