title: Experimental infection of octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) with Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida. Immunohistochemical tracking of antigen and tissue responses.
abstract: Adult common octopus individuals were intramuscularly infected with Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida in order to investigate if this species is sensitive to this common and important fish pathogen. The fate of the bacterial antigens and the tissue responses of Octopus vulgaris were studied employing immunohistochemical techniques. Strong reaction at the site of injection was evident from day 2 post-infection that continued until day 14. Great numbers of hemocytes that were attracted at the site of infection were involved in phagocytosis of bacteria. Very early in the infection, a transition of cells to fibroblasts and an effort to isolate the infection was observed. During the course of the study, very large necrotic cells were seen at the site of infection, whereas during the later stages hemocytes with phagocytosed bacteria were observed in well-defined pockets inside the muscle tissue. None of the internal organs tested for the presence of the bacterium were positive with the exception of the digestive gland where antigen staining was observed which was not associated with hemocyte infiltration. The high doses of bacterial cells used in this experimental infection and the lack of disease signs from Octopus vulgaris suggest that, under normal conditions, octopus is resistant to Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81100, Lesvos, Greece. Electronic address: v.bakopoulos@marine.aegean.gr.
authors.forename: Vasileios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bakopoulos
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: White
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
authors.forename: Michail-Aggelos
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Valsamidis
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
authors.forename: Feli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vasilaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D049831:Octopodiformes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010776:Photobacterium
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial
keywords: Immunohistochemistry; Octopus vulgaris; Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida; Tissue reaction