title: Synthesis of CTAB intercalated graphene and its application for the adsorption of AR265 and AO7 dyes from water.
abstract: Environmental applications of graphene (GN) are limited by the occurrence of aggregation. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized, reduced to GN by ascorbic acid, and intercalated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). GN-CTAB was characterized by Boehm's titration, N2adsorption/desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy. Then, GN-CTAB was used for the adsorptive removal of acid red 265 (AR265) and acid orange 7 (AO7) dyes from water both under batch and column operation. Under batch operation, the effect of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature on dyes adsorption were assessed. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics were analyzed systematically. Regarding the fixed bed operation, the effect of both the bed height and flow rate were studied and experimental results fitted to the Thomas and BDST models. Then, the bed loss capacity along five adsorption-regeneration cycles was determined in order to further approach the practical application of GN-CTAB for wastewater treatment, namely for the removal of dyes.
authors.affiliation: Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: mokhan@ksu.edu.sa.
authors.forename: Moonis Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Environment, Natural Resources and Biodiversity (IMARENABIO), University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.affiliation: Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering and Green Technology, University Technology Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Semarak, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
authors.forename: Shohei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riya
keywords: Acid orange 7; Acid red 265; Batch and column operations; Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; Graphene