title: Role of cyclooxygenase in the vascular response to locally delivered acetylcholine in Caucasian and African descent individuals.
abstract: Individuals of African descent (AFD) are more susceptible to non-freezing cold injury (NFCI) compared with Caucasian individuals (CAU). Vasodilatation to acetylcholine (ACh) is lower in AFD compared with CAU in the non-glabrous foot and finger skin sites; the reason for this is unknown. Prostanoids are responsible, in part, for the vasodilator response to ACh, however it is not known whether the contribution differs between ethnicities.
  
  
  
  12 CAU and 12 AFD males received iontophoresis of ACh (1 w/v%) on non-glabrous foot and finger skin sites following placebo and then aspirin (600mg, single blinded). Aspirin was utilised to inhibit prostanoid production by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. Laser Doppler flowmetry was utilised to measure changes in skin blood flow.
  
  
  
  Not all participants could receive iontophoresis charge due to high skin resistance; these participants were therefore excluded from the analyses. Foot: ACh elicited greater maximal vasodilatation in CAU than AFD following placebo (P=0.003) and COX inhibition (COXib) (P<0.001). COXib did not affect blood flow responses in AFD, but caused a reduction in the area under the curve for CAU (P=0.031). Finger: ACh elicited a greater maximal vasodilatation in CAU than AFD following placebo (P=0.013) and COXib (P=0.001). COXib tended to reduce the area under the curve in AFD (P=0.053), but did not affect CAU.
  
  
  
  CAU have a greater endothelial reactivity than AFD in both foot and finger skin sites irrespective of COXib. It is concluded that the lower ACh-induced vasodilatation in AFD is not due to a compromised COX pathway.
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 4059, Australia. Electronic address: matthew.maley@qut.edu.au.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Maley
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: House
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tipton
authors.affiliation: Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, PO1 2ER, UK.
authors.forename: Clare M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Eglin
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D044383:Black People; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005385:Fingers; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D007478:Iontophoresis; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D044465:White People; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000109:Acetylcholine; D001241:Aspirin
keywords: Acetylcholine; Cyclooxygenase; Endothelial-dependent vasodilatation; Ethnicity; Non-freezing cold injury; Skin blood flow