title: Giant Cell Arteritis-related Stroke: A Retrospective Multicenter Case-control Study.
abstract: Our aim was to describe patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA)-related stroke and to compare them with a control group of GCA patients without stroke.
  
  
  
  We created a retrospective multicenter cohort of patients with (1) GCA diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria between 1995 and 2015, and (2) stroke occurring at the time of GCA diagnosis or occurring within 4 weeks of starting GCA therapy. The control group consisted of GCA patients without stroke.
  
  
  
  Forty patients [21 women (53%), median age 78 (60-91) yrs] with GCA-related stroke were included and were compared with 200 control patients. Stroke occurred at GCA diagnosis in 29 patients (73%), whereas it occurred after diagnosis in 11 patients. Vertebrobasilar territory was involved in 29 patients (73%). Seven patients died within a few hours or days following stroke. Compared with the control group, stroke patients had more ophthalmic ischemic symptoms [25 (63%) vs 50 (25%), p < 0.001]. Conversely, they demonstrated lower biological inflammatory variables [C-reactive protein: 61 (28-185) mg/l vs 99 (6-400) mg/l, p = 0.04] and less anemia [22/37 (59%) vs 137/167 (79%), p = 0.03] than patients without stroke. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the best predictors for the occurrence of stroke were the presence of ophthalmic ischemic symptoms at diagnosis (OR 5, 95% CI 2.14-12.33, p = 0.0002) and the absence of anemia (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16-0.99, p = 0.04).
  
  
  
  Stroke, especially in the vertebrobasilar territory, is more likely to occur in patients with GCA who experience recent ophthalmic ischemic symptoms and who exhibit low inflammatory variables.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France. deboysson-h@chu-caen.fr.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie. deboysson-h@chu-caen.fr.
authors.forename: Hubert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Boysson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Liozon
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Larivière
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parienti
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boutemy
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Gwénola
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Maigné
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin Silva
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ly
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Touzé
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonnotte
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aouba
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Karim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sacré
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Internal Medicine, and Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, and Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital; University of Caen, Basse Normandie; University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919, Caen; Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges; Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, Paris; Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France.|H. de Boysson, MD, MSc, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; E. Liozon, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; D. Larivière, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; M. Samson, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; J.J. Parienti, MD, PhD, Biostatistics and Clinical Research Unit, Caen University Hospital; J. Boutemy, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; G. Maigné, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; N. Martin Silva, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital; K. Ly, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Limoges University Hospital; E. Touzé, MD, PhD, Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen-Normandie, Inserm U919; B. Bonnotte, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Dijon University Hospital; A. Aouba, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie; K. Sacré, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Bichat University Hospital; B. Bienvenu, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Caen University Hospital, and University of Caen, Basse Normandie.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bienvenu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D013700:Giant Cell Arteritis / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS; GIANT CELL ARTERITIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; VASCULITIS