title: The prevalence of osteoporosis and the rate of bone loss in Korean adults: the Chungju metabolic disease cohort (CMC) study.
abstract: Because the rate of bone loss is an important risk factor for fracture, we studied longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD). Although the BMD of the hip decreased over time, spine BMD remained largely stable or increased. Therefore, spine BMD may not be appropriate for assessing BMD change.
  
  
  
  The rate of age-dependent bone loss has been shown to be an important risk factor for fracture. However, longitudinal rates of BMD loss in Korea have not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in BMD in Korea.
  
  
  
  This cohort study was performed in a population of individuals 40 years of age or older living in the rural area of Chungju City, Korea. A second BMD examination was conducted approximately 4 years after a baseline examination. A total of 3755 of the 6007 subjects completed the follow-up visit, corresponding to a follow-up rate of 62.51%.
  
  
  
  The age-standardized osteoporosis prevalence was 12.81% in males and 44.35% in females. In males, the average annual BMD loss at the total hip increased from -0.25% per year in their 40s to -1.12% per year in their 80s. In females, the average annual BMD loss at the total hip increased from -0.69% per year in their 40s to -1.51% per year in their 80s. However, the average annual percentage change in spine BMD in females increased from -0.91% per year in their 40s to +1.39% per year in their 80s.
  
  
  
  A substantial number of subjects had osteoporosis, even though we standardized the prevalence of osteoporosis. In total hip, the mean BMD was decreased during the follow-up period; in addition, the annual percentage loss increased with age. However, spine BMD remained approximately stable or increased over time and therefore may not be appropriate for assessing BMD change.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: H-S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.|Clinical Research Coordinating Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: K-H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: W-C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: H-Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. drbkh@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. mikang@catholic.ac.kr.
authors.forename: M-I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
keywords: Age-related; Bone loss; Bone mineral density; Cohort studies; Osteoporosis