title: Inhibitory effect of blue light emitting diode on migration and invasion of cancer cells.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the effects and molecular mechanism of blue light emitting diode (LED) in tumor cells. A migration and invasion assay for the metastatic behavior of mouse colon cancer CT-26 and human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells was performed. Cancer cell migration-related proteins were identified by obtaining a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) in total cellular protein profile of blue LED-irradiated cancer cells, followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis of proteins. Protein levels were examined by immunoblotting. Irradiation with blue LED inhibited CT-26 and HT-1080 cell migration and invasion. The anti-metastatic effects of blue LED irradiation were associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression. P38 MAPK phosphorylation was increased in blue LED-irradiated CT-26 and HT-1080 cells, but was inhibited after pretreatment with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation by SB203580 treatment increased number of migratory cancer cells in CT-26 and HT-1080 cells, indicating that blue LED irradiation inhibited cancer cell migration via phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Additionally blue LED irradiation of mice injected with CT-26 cells expressing luciferase decreased early stage lung metastasis compared to untreated control mice. These results indicate that blue LED irradiation inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Phil-Sun
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Soo
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Mi
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyosook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyang Hwa
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: SeokTae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.affiliation: Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Cyclotron Research Center, Institute for Medical Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan-Jeong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-7514
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010789:Phototherapy / Q000379:methods*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C522362:Mmp2 protein, mouse; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C501830:Mmp9 protein, mouse
keywords: cancer cell migration; invasion; light emitting diode