title: Influence of Lipid Content in a Corn Oil Preparation on the Bioaccessibility of β-Carotene: A Comparison of Low-Fat and High-Fat Samples.
abstract: Some individuals with fat maldigestion have compromised digestive systems, which causes the incomplete hydrolyzation of ingested lipids within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). We studied the influence of high-fat (20%) and low-fat (4%) contents on the bioaccessibility of a highly hydrophobic nutraceutical (β-carotene) through a simulated GIT model consisting of mouth, stomach, and small intestine phases. The low-fat and high-fat values were chosen to simulate low-fat and high-fat diets. The triglycerides in the low-fat system were fully digested, whereas those in the high-fat system were only partially digested, thereby mimicking the digestive systems of individuals who exhibit fat maldigestion. The carotenoids were initially solubilized within oil-in-water nanoemulsions prepared using a nonionic surfactant (Tween 20) as emulsifier and a long-chain triglyceride (corn oil) as the oil phase. After digestion, the total β-carotene concentration in the filtered micelle phase was much greater for the high-fat group (0.072 μg/mL) than for the low-fat group (0.032 μg/mL). Conversely, the β-carotene bioaccessibility of the high-fat group (39%) was much lower than that of the low-fat group (84%), which was attributed to a fraction of the carotenoids remaining in the nondigested lipid phase of the high-fat group. These results highlight the importance of delivering hydrophobic nutraceuticals in a form where the fat phase is fully digested.
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China.|Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A.
authors.forename: Ziyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Food Science, Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A.
authors.forename: David Julian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McClements
authors.affiliation: College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan Univ., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610207, China.|College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000737:chemistry*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D004063:Digestion; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005223:Fats; D011136:Polysorbates; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D019207:beta Carotene; D003314:Corn Oil
keywords: bioaccessibility; fat maldigestion; nanoemulsions; oil concentration; β-carotene