title: Search for the Effect of Massive Bodies on Atomic Spectra and Constraints on Yukawa-Type Interactions of Scalar Particles.
abstract: We propose a new method to search for hypothetical scalar particles that have feeble interactions with standard-model particles. In the presence of massive bodies, these interactions produce a nonzero Yukawa-type scalar-field magnitude. Using radio-frequency spectroscopy data of atomic dysprosium, as well as atomic clock spectroscopy data, we constrain the Yukawa-type interactions of a scalar field with the photon, electron, and nucleons for a range of scalar-particle masses corresponding to length scales >10  cm. In the limit as the scalar-particle mass m_{ϕ}→0, our derived limits on the Yukawa-type interaction parameters are Λ_{γ}≳8×10^{19}  GeV, Λ_{e}≳1.3×10^{19}  GeV, and Λ_{N}≳6×10^{20}  GeV. Our measurements also constrain combinations of interaction parameters, which cannot otherwise be probed with traditional anomalous-force measurements. We suggest further measurements to improve on the current level of sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leefer
authors.affiliation: Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Physikalisches Institut der Universitat Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerhardus
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.|Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley 94720-7300, USA.|Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Budker
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany.|School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Flambaum
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
authors.forename: Y V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Stadnik