title: Willingness to use and have sex with men taking HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): results of online surveys of Australian gay and bisexual men, 2011-2015.
abstract: Assess willingness to use HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), support for others using it and willingness to have sex with partners using PrEP among Australian gay and bisexual men (GBM).
  
  
  
  National, online cross-sectional surveys of Australian GBM were conducted in 2011, 2013 and 2015. Scales measuring support for and willingness to have sex with men using PrEP were developed in 2015 using factor analysis. Trends and associations with key measures were analysed using multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  
  During 2011-2015, 3850 surveys were completed by GBM. Willingness to use PrEP among HIV-negative and untested men did not change between 2011 (28.2%) and 2015 (31.7%, p=0.13). In 2015, willingness to use PrEP was independently associated with younger age, having an HIV-positive regular partner, recent condomless anal intercourse with casual male partners (CAIC), more than 10 male sex partners in the previous 6 months, ever having taken postexposure prophylaxis and having fewer concerns about using PrEP. In 2015, 54.5% of GBM supported other GBM taking PrEP and 39% were willing to have sex with men using PrEP. Support for and willingness to have sex with PrEP users were both associated with being HIV-positive, having a university degree and having two or more male partners in the previous 6 months. Willingness to have sex with men on PrEP was also associated with recent CAIC and using party drugs for sex, but was less likely among men who consistently used or had a positive experience using condoms.
  
  
  
  Interest in and support for using PrEP are concentrated among men who engage in higher risk practices and who know more about living with HIV. This is consistent with the targeting of PrEP in Australia.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Toby
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lea
authors.affiliation: Centre for Population Health, New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Heather-Marie
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: ACON, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolstee
authors.affiliation: Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellard
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Dean
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.affiliation: Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Hong-Ha
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.|Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Wit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001727:Bisexuality / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D065129:Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology
keywords: ATTITUDES; GAY MEN; HIV; PREVENTION; SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR