title: Hebbian plasticity requires compensatory processes on multiple timescales.
abstract: We review a body of theoretical and experimental research on Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity, starting from a puzzling observation: while homeostasis of synapses found in experiments is a slow compensatory process, most mathematical models of synaptic plasticity use rapid compensatory processes (RCPs). Even worse, with the slow homeostatic plasticity reported in experiments, simulations of existing plasticity models cannot maintain network stability unless further control mechanisms are implemented. To solve this paradox, we suggest that in addition to slow forms of homeostatic plasticity there are RCPs which stabilize synaptic plasticity on short timescales. These rapid processes may include heterosynaptic depression triggered by episodes of high postsynaptic firing rate. While slower forms of homeostatic plasticity are not sufficient to stabilize Hebbian plasticity, they are important for fine-tuning neural circuits. Taken together we suggest that learning and memory rely on an intricate interplay of diverse plasticity mechanisms on different timescales which jointly ensure stability and plasticity of neural circuits.This article is part of the themed issue 'Integrating Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity'.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA fzenke@stanford.edu.
authors.forename: Friedemann
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1883-644X
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zenke
authors.affiliation: Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences and School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne EPFL, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wulfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gerstner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006706:Homeostasis; D007858:Learning; D008568:Memory; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity
keywords: Hebbian plasticity; heterosynaptic plasticity; homeostasis; metaplasticity; rapid compensatory processes; synaptic scaling