title: Time domain NMR as a new process monitoring method for characterization of pharmaceutical hydrates.
abstract: Hydrates are of great pharmaceutical relevance and even though they have been characterized thoroughly by various analytical techniques, there is barely literature available on molecular mobility of the hydrate water studied by NMR relaxation in the time domain. The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of differentiating hydration states of drugs by1H time domain NMR (TD-NMR) regarding spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times (T2 and T1) using benchtop equipment. Caffeine and theophylline were selected as model compounds and binary mixtures of hydrate to anhydrate were analyzed for each drug using a spin echo and inversion recovery pulse sequence. It was possible to extract a signal that was specific for the water in the hydrates so that differentiation from anhydrous solid forms was enabled. Excellent calibrations were obtained for quantitative analysis of hydrate/anhydrate mixtures and predicted water contents were in good agreement with water amounts determined in desiccator sorption experiments. TD-NMR was therefore found to be a suitable new technique to characterize pharmaceutical hydrates in a non-invasive and hence sample-sparing manner. Quantification of the hydrate content in pharmaceutical mixtures appears highly attractive for product development and process monitoring. TD-NMR provides here a valuable and complementary technique to established process analytics, such as for example Raman spectroscopy.
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stefanie Ulrike
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rothenhäusler
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Willmann
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Technical Development Actives, Materials Science, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thun
authors.affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moog
authors.affiliation: University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132 Muttenz, Switzerland. Electronic address: martin.kuentz@fhnw.ch.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuentz
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods; D013806:Theophylline / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D002110:Caffeine; D013806:Theophylline
keywords: (1)H time domain NMR; Hydrates; Solid state characterization; T1-relaxation; T2-relaxation