title: Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenesis: Potential of Phytochemicals in Breast Cancer Therapy.
abstract: Breast cancer remains a burden in both developed and developing countries, with higher mortality in developing countries. Attempts to eradicate cancer have not been successful despite the progress made in the development of more novel chemotherapeutic drugs. Reactive-oxygen-species-mediated oxidative stress is known to play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis via genetic and epigenetic modifications, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Phytochemicals could provide leads for the development of alternative therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant activity, as well as their ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. However, most of the studies carried out using in vitro models do not continue with further studies in estrogen-receptor-positive in vivo breast cancer models, or fail to examine the possible biochemical mechanisms of phytochemical-based amelioration. This review examines oxidative-stress-mediated carcinogenesis and the potential of phytochemicals as anticancer agents.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Biochemistry , National Veterinary Research Institute , Vom , Nigeria.|b Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria.|c Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa.
authors.forename: Gilead Ebiegberi
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Forcados
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Dorcas Bolanle
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: James
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Abdullahi Balarabe
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Sallau
authors.affiliation: b Department of Biochemistry , Faculty of Science, Ahmadu Bello University , Zaria , Nigeria.
authors.forename: Aliyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.affiliation: c Department of Anatomy and Physiology , Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pretoria , Pretoria , South Africa.
authors.forename: Peace
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mabeta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D064209:Phytochemicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors