title: Adenosine contribution to normal renal physiology and chronic kidney disease.
abstract: Adenosine is a nucleoside that is particularly interesting to many scientific and clinical communities as it has important physiological and pathophysiological roles in the kidney. The distribution of adenosine receptors has only recently been elucidated; therefore it is likely that more biological roles of this nucleoside will be unveiled in the near future. Since the discovery of the involvement of adenosine in renal vasoconstriction and regulation of local renin production, further evidence has shown that adenosine signaling is also involved in the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, sodium reabsorption and the adaptive response to acute insults, such as ischemia. However, the most interesting finding was the increased adenosine levels in chronic kidney diseases such as diabetic nephropathy and also in non-diabetic animal models of renal fibrosis. When adenosine is chronically increased its signaling via the adenosine receptors may change, switching to a state that induces renal damage and produces phenotypic changes in resident cells. This review discusses the physiological and pathophysiological roles of adenosine and pays special attention to the mechanisms associated with switching homeostatic nucleoside levels to increased adenosine production in kidneys affected by CKD.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oyarzún
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Wallys
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yáñez
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sobrevia
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science Faculty, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. Electronic address: rodysanmartin@uach.cl.
authors.forename: Rody
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: San Martín
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000241:Adenosine
keywords: Adenosine receptors; Chronic kidney disease; Nucleoside transporters; Renal fibrosis