title: Development of a new assessment tool for cervical myelopathy using hand-tracking sensor: Part 2: normative values.
abstract: To set a baseline measurement of the number of hand flexion-extension cycles and analyse the degree of motion in young healthy individuals, measured by leap motion controller (LMC), besides describing gender and dominant hand differences.
  
  
  
  Fifty healthy participants were asked to fully grip-and-release their dominant hand as rapidly as possible for a maximum of 3 min or until subjects fatigued, while wearing a non-metal wrist splint. Participants also performed a 15-s grip-and-release test. An assessor blindly counted the frequency of grip-and-release cycles and magnitude of motion from the LMC data.
  
  
  
  The mean number of the 15-s G-R cycles recorded by LMC was: 47.7 ± 6.5 (test 1, LMC); and 50.2 ± 6.5 (test 2, LMC). In the 3-min test, the total number of hand flexion-extension cycles and the degree of motion decreased as the person fatigued. However, the decline in frequency preceded that of motion's magnitude. The mean frequency of cycles per 10-s interval decreased from 35.4 to 26.6 over the 3 min. Participants reached fatigue from 59.38 s; 43 participants were able to complete the 3-min test.
  
  
  
  Normative values of the frequency of cycles and extent of motion for young healthy individuals, aged 18-35 years, are provided. Future work is needed to establish values in a wider age range and in a clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: M Abdulhadi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1097-7793
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alagha
authors.affiliation: Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences College, University of Glasgow, Dental Hospital, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alagha
authors.affiliation: Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.affiliation: VRmed Ltd., Rosewood House, Radcliffe on Trent, Nottingham, NG12 2BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sperwer
authors.affiliation: School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
authors.forename: Kate A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Timmins
authors.affiliation: Centre for Spinal Studies and Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK. bronek.boszczyk@nuh.nhs.uk.
authors.forename: Bronek M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Boszczyk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012016:Reference Values; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000076142:Virtual Reality; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Cervical myelopathy; Dominant hand differences; Gender differences; Grip and release test; Leap motion; Virtual reality