title: Altered balance of epidermis-related chemokines in epidermolysis bullosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a congenital, refractory skin disease and there are no fundamental treatments. Recently, allogenic cell therapies are beginning to be applied as potential treatments, that are based on the concept that the allogenic cells can migrate into the skin and reconstitute the skin components. Although the mechanisms of cell migration into skin are not fully understood, chemokines are regarded as key factors in recruiting bone marrow-derived cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our study aims to elucidate the expression of chemokines in the EB patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the expression of wound-healing related chemokines in the sera, keratinocytes, and skin tissues of EB patients and compared them to those of healthy volunteers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunofluorescence staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum levels of CXCL12 and HMGB1 were found to be significantly elevated in the EB patients. Conversely, the serum levels of CCL21 were found to be lower in the EB patients than in healthy controls. In addition, the serum levels of CXCL12 tended to increase and the serum levels of CCL27 tended to decrease with an increase in the affected body surface areas. To detect the origin of the circulating chemokines, we performed immunofluorescence staining. CCL21, CCL27, HMGB1 and CXCL12 were stained more broadly in the EB patient tissues than those in the control tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that fluctuations in chemokine levels may contribute in a coordinated way to the wound-healing process and lend clues toward efficient cell therapies for EB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Inkin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ujiie
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Electronic address: yfujita@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakana
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Matsumura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Shotaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinkuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-757, Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Riichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, N15 W7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. Electronic address: shimizu@med.hokudai.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002465:Cell Movement; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000379:methods; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004820:Epidermolysis Bullosa / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014945:Wound Healing; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D019742:Chemokines, CC; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human
keywords: CCL27; Chemokine; Epidermolysis bullosa; HMGB1; SDF-1