title: Effects of hydrochemistry variables on the half-life of mancozeb and on the hazard index associated to the sum of mancozeb and ethylenethiourea.
abstract: Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site, protective action. It helps to control many fungal diseases in a wide range of field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamental plants. We have investigated the stability profiles of mancozeb in aqueous solutions to determine the effect of pH, temperature and light on the degradation process of mancozeb. In addition, the toxicological risk for humans associated with the joint intake of mancoze7b and its final degradation product, ethylenethiourea (ETU), was calculated and modelled as a function of the experimental conditions. Stability study results showed a very low stability profile of mancozeb in all the aqueous solutions with rapid degradation that varied with experimental conditions. The process followed first order kinetics. The study of the degradation kinetics showed a significant effect of pH*temperature interaction on the degradation process. The results also expressed that light has a greater impact on the stability of mancozeb and the formation of ETU. The current study concludes that mancozeb is unstable in aqueous solutions, particularly at an acid pH, in addition to presenting both severe light and lower temperature sensitivity. The toxicological risk associated with mancozeb degradation increases with time and temperature, being higher at basic pH and in absence of light.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: López-Fernández
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pose-Juan
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain. Electronic address: raquelrial@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rial-Otero
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department. Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain. Electronic address: jsimal@uvigo.es.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simal-Gándara
mesh_terms: D005031:Ethylenethiourea / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006207:Half-Life; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007700:Kinetics; D008027:Light; D008344:Maneb / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010782:Photolysis; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water; D015038:Zineb / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D014867:Water; D008344:Maneb; D005031:Ethylenethiourea; C013099:mancozeb; D015038:Zineb
keywords: ETU; Hydrolysis; Mancozeb; Risk; pH