title: Translation and pilot testing of a measure to assess hypertension self-care activities among Hispanics.
abstract: Hispanics in the US have high rates of uncontrolled hypertension in comparison to non-Hispanic whites. This pilot study reports on the translation of a validated measure, the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE), for use with Spanish speakers. The H-SCALE assesses Hispanics' adherence to lifestyle activities that contribute to primary and secondary risk reduction of high blood pressure.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional data were collected from Hispanic primary care patients attending a free health clinic in Charlotte, NC. We performed basic psychometric tests and calculated descriptive statistics to assess adherence rates to recommended hypertension self-care behaviors.
  
  
  
  Participants were primarily female, under age 50 and had a high-school education or less; 48% were from Mexico. Internal consistency of all H-SCALE subscales was acceptable to good. Most participants were non-smokers (80%) and alcohol abstainers (85%). Participants had low adherence to weight management practices, physical activity and healthy eating habits. One-third of those with hypertension were adherent to medication regimens.
  
  
  
  The Spanish version of the H-SCALE is a reliable and useful tool for clinicians working with Hispanic adults. Based on these findings, all adult Hispanics need lifestyle behavior counseling for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension and other chronic diseases. The H-SCALE can provide valuable information to clinical and public health practitioners focused on chronic disease prevention and management.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Public Health Sciences , The University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren-Findlow
authors.affiliation: b School of Nursing , The University of North Carolina at Charlotte , Charlotte , NC , USA.
authors.forename: Maren J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coffman
authors.affiliation: c Department of Population , Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health , Baltimore , MD , USA.
authors.forename: Celia A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Karp
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D063586:Social Validity, Research; D014177:Translations; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents
keywords: Hispanic; Hypertension; blood pressure; medication adherence; scale development; self-care; self-management