title: Preventive Effects of Drinking Hydrogen-Rich Water on Gingival Oxidative Stress and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: Obesity induces gingival oxidative stress, which is involved in the progression of alveolar bone resorption. The antioxidant effect of hydrogen-rich water may attenuate gingival oxidative stress and prevent alveolar bone resorption in cases of obesity. We examined whether hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. Male Fischer 344 rats (n= 18) were divided into three groups of six rats each: a control group (fed a regular diet and drinking distilled water) and two experimental groups (fed a high-fat diet and drinking distilled water or hydrogen-rich water). The level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine was determined to evaluate oxidative stress. The bone mineral density of the alveolar bone was analyzed by micro-computerized tomography. Obese rats, induced by a high-fat diet, showed a higher gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and a lower level of alveolar bone density compared to the control group. Drinking hydrogen-rich water suppressed body weight gain, lowered gingival level of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, and reduced alveolar bone resorption in rats on a high-fat diet. The results indicate that hydrogen-rich water could suppress gingival oxidative stress and alveolar bone resorption by limiting obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de17057@s.okadai.jp.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoneda
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. tomofu@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.|Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. tomofu@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomofuji
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de19013@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Muneyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunitomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. dekuni7@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ekuni
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. coichiro@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. tetsuji@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. de17046@s.okadai.jp.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. plzs3rog@okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hisataka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyai
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. pyyq1hgd@s.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimori
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. mmorita@md.okayama-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D001835:Body Weight; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005881:Gingiva / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2
chemical_list: D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000975:Antioxidants; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; D060766:Drinking Water; D052218:Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein; D006859:Hydrogen; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014280:Triglycerides; D000099156:Superoxide Dismutase 2; C497653:Fancc protein, rat; C499089:Sod3 protein, rat
keywords: alveolar bone loss; animal disease model; hydrogen-rich water; obesity; oxidative stress