title: Circulating Noncoding RNAs as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Injury.
abstract: The discovery of thousands of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) has expanded our view on mammalian genomes and transcriptomes, as well as their organization and regulation. Accumulating evidence on aberrantly regulated ncRNAs, including short microRNAs, long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, across various heart diseases indicates that ncRNAs are critical contributors to cardiovascular pathophysiology. In addition, ncRNAs are released into the circulation where they are present in concentration levels that differ between healthy subjects and diseased patients. Although little is known about the origin and function of such circulating ncRNAs, these molecules are increasingly recognized as noninvasive and readily accessible biomarker for risk stratification, diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac injury, and multiple forms of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent findings on biological characteristics of circulating ncRNAs and highlight their value as potential biomarker in selected pathologies of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.).
authors.forename: Janika
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viereck
authors.affiliation: From the Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx (J.V., T.T.), and Excellence Cluster REBIRTH (T.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (T.T.). thum.thomas@mh-hannover.de.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D035683:MicroRNAs; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated
keywords: RNA, long noncoding; RNA, untranslated; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; heart diseases