title: Phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein B gene sequences of bovine herpesvirus 1 isolates from India reveals the predominance of subtype 1.1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted for the isolation and molecular characterization of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) isolated from the nasal and vaginal swabs collected from naturally infected cattle showing clinical symptoms of the respiratory disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolation of BoHV-1 virus performed on clinical samples collected from 65 cattle from five states of India. The BoHV-1 isolates were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers specific for glycoprotein B (gB) genomic region. PCR amplification was performed using previously published gB gene-specific primer pairs. gB PCR amplicons obtained from all isolates were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed using software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12 samples were found positive in cell culture isolation. 11 isolates showed the visible cytopathic effect on Madin-Darby bovine kidney after 72 h. Partial sequence analysis of gB gene of all isolates revealed 99.0-100% homology between them. All isolates showed 99.2-99.8% homology with Cooper stain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BoHV-1.1 is the predominant circulating subtype of BoHV in India, and all isolates have homology with Cooper stain.
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prajapati
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hemadri
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Suresh
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru - 560 064, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: G B Manjunatha
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Chandranaik
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Bengaluru - 560 024, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ranganatha
authors.affiliation: Division of Animal Sciences, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi - 110 001, India.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rahman
keywords: India; bovine herpesvirus 1-1; glycoprotein B; infectious bovine rhinotracheitis; phylogenetic analysis; sequencing; subtype 1.1