title: The roles of RRP15 in nucleolar formation, ribosome biogenesis and checkpoint control in human cells.
abstract: The nucleolus controls ribosome biogenesis and its perturbation induces nucleolar stress that inhibits cell cycle progression and activates checkpoint responses. Here, we investigate the roles of ribosomal RNA processing protein, RRP15, in nucleolar formation, ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle progression and checkpoint control in human cells. RRP15 is localized in the nucleolus and required for nucleolar formation. In contrast to the budding yeast Rrp15p that was reported as a component of pre-60S subunits, RRP15 is found in both pre-40S and pre-60S subunits and involved in regulating rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis. Perturbation of RRP15 induces nucleolar stress that activates RPL5/RPL11/5S rRNA (RP)-Mdm2-p53 axis checkpoint response and arrests cells at G1-G1/S in p53-proficient non-transformed RPE1 cells but not in p53-deficient HeLa and MCF7 tumor cells. Instead, p53-deficient HeLa and MCF7 cells with RRP15-dependent nucleolar stress enter S-phase with S-phase perturbation that activates ATR-Chk1- γH2AX axis DNA replication/damage checkpoint response, delaying S-G2/M progression and, ultimately, causing cell death. The selective checkpoint response, cell cycle inhibition and/or cytotoxicity induced by RRP15-dependent nucleolar stress in p53-proficient non-transformed cells and p53-deficient tumor cells suggest that RRP15 might be a potential target for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Zhixiong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.|Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.
authors.forename: Changjun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Qimin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Systems Biology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China.|State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000235:genetics*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000235:genetics; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D061986:MCF-7 Cells; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D034622:RNA Interference; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D059008:Time-Lapse Imaging / Q000379:methods; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C000621906:RRP15 protein, human; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
keywords: RRP15; checkpoint control; nucleolar stress; nucleolus; ribosome biogenesis