title: The Saskatchewan/New Brunswick Healthy Start-Départ Santé intervention: implementation cost estimates of a physical activity and healthy eating intervention in early learning centers.
abstract: Participation in daily physical activity and consuming a balanced diet high in fruits and vegetables and low in processed foods are behaviours associated with positive health outcomes during all stages of life. Previous literature suggests that the earlier these behaviours are established the greater the health benefits. As such, early learning settings have been shown to provide an effective avenue for exploring and influencing the physical activity and healthy eating behaviours of children before school entry. However, in addition to improving individual level health of children, such interventions may also result in a number of social benefits for the society. In fact, research among adult populations has shown that sufficient participation in physical activity can significantly lower hospital stays and physician visits, in turn leading to positive economic outcomes. To our knowledge there is very limited literature about economic evaluations of interventions implemented in early learning centers to increase physical activity and healthy eating behaviours among children. The primary purpose of this paper is to identify inputs and costs needed to implement a physical activity and healthy eating intervention (Healthy Start-Départ Santé (HS-DS)) in early learning centres throughout Saskatchewan and New Brunswick over the course of three years. In doing so, implementation cost is estimated to complete the first phase of a social return on investment analysis of this intervention.
  
  
  
  In order to carry out this evaluation the first step was to identify the inputs and costs needed to implement the intervention, along with the corresponding outputs. With stakeholder interviews and using existing database, we estimated the implementation cost by measuring, valuing and monetizing each individual input.
  
  
  
  Our results show that the total annual cost of implementing HS-DS was $378,753 in the first year, this total cost decreased slightly in the second year ($356,861) and again in the third year ($312,179). On average, the total annual cost is about $350,000 which implies an annual cost of $285 per child. Among all inputs, time-cost accounted for the larger share of total resources need to implement the intervention. Overall, administration and support services accounted for the largest portion of the total implementation cost each year: 74% (year 1), 79% (year 2), and 75% (year 3).
  
  
  
  The results from this study shed lights for future implementation of similar interventions in this context. It also helps to assess the cost effectiveness of future interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Saskatchewan, Arts 815, 9 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada. Nazmi.Sari@usask.ca.
authors.forename: Nazmi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6509-5499
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.affiliation: Community Health & Epidemiology and Saskatchewan Population Health and Evaluation Research Unit University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada.
authors.forename: Nazeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muhajarine
authors.affiliation: College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A5, Canada.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Froehlich Chow
mesh_terms: D002656:Child Day Care Centers / Q000191:economics*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003142:Communication; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006266:Health Education / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D009509:New Brunswick; D012525:Saskatchewan; D012574:Schools / Q000191:economics*; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Early learning centres; Economic evaluation; Healthy Start-Départ Santé; Implementation cost; Physical activity; Social return on investment