title: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) determined by pine needles and semipermeable membrane devices along an altitude profile in Taurus Mountains, Turkey.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed at different altitudes of Taurus Mountains in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) and in half-, one-and-a-half-, and two-and-a-half-year-old pine needles. SPMDs were deployed for three different exposure periods: March to September (Summer), September to March (Winter), and March to March (whole year) at eight sites where needle samples were collected. The values of PAHs in needles were between 4.4 to 6066 pg g/fw in half-year-old, 7.2 to 111,115 pg g/fw in 1.5-year-old, and 9.7 to 85,335 pg g/fw in 2.5-year-old needles. Mass of PAHs collected by SPMDs varied from <MDL to 8060 ng/SPMD in winter, from 0.98 to 585 ng/SPMD in summer, and <MDL to 9360 ng/SPMD in whole year deployment, respectively. PAH profiles were dependent on the seasonal differences and locations. Roughly, clear decreasing trends with altitude were observed both with SPMD and needles for many individual and groups of PAHs except for the SPMD-summer short-time data. A cross-plot of Fluo/(Fluo+Pyr) vs Ant/(Ant+Phe) diagnostic ratios indicated grass/wood burning (possibly due to forest fires) in summer and petrogenic combustion in winter. Results of the study showed that SPMD and conifer needles are effective passive samplers to measure PAHs in the environment.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydin, Turkey. cturgut@adu.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Cafer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, 33363, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mehmet Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mazmanci
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Mersin University, 33363, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Birgül
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mazmanci
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yalçın
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Architecture and Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey.
authors.forename: PerihanBinnur Kurt
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Karakuş
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Atatanir
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Environment and Urbanism, General Directorate for Environmental Management, Waste Management Department, Balgat, 06520, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Menekşe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keski
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), MolecularEXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henkelmann
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), MolecularEXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pfister
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), MolecularEXposomics, Ingolstädter Landstr.1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.|Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Department für Biowissenschaften, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350, Freising, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Werner
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schramm
mesh_terms: D000531:Altitude; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D010539:Permeability; D028223:Pinus / Q000737:chemistry*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
keywords: Altitude profile; Long-range transport; Mountains; Needles; PAH; Passive monitoring; SPMD