title: Evaluating Silent Reading Performance with an Eye Tracking System in Patients with Glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between silent reading performance and visual field defects in patients with glaucoma using an eye tracking system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty glaucoma patients (Group G; mean age, 52.2 years, standard deviation: 11.4 years) and 20 normal controls (Group N; mean age, 46.9 years; standard deviation: 17.2 years) were included in the study. All participants in Group G had early to advanced glaucomatous visual field defects but better than 20/20 visual acuity in both eyes. Participants silently read Japanese articles written horizontally while the eye tracking system monitored and calculated reading duration per 100 characters, number of fixations per 100 characters, and mean fixation duration, which were compared with mean deviation and visual field index values from Humphrey visual field testing (24-2 and 10-2 Swedish interactive threshold algorithm standard) of the right versus left eye and the better versus worse eye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference between Groups G and N in mean fixation duration (G, 233.4 msec; N, 215.7 msec; P = 0.010). Within Group G, significant correlations were observed between reading duration and 24-2 right mean deviation (rs = -0.280, P = 0.049), 24-2 right visual field index (rs = -0.306, P = 0.030), 24-2 worse visual field index (rs = -0.304, P = 0.032), and 10-2 worse mean deviation (rs = -0.326, P = 0.025). Significant correlations were observed between mean fixation duration and 10-2 left mean deviation (rs = -0.294, P = 0.045) and 10-2 worse mean deviation (rs = -0.306, P = 0.037), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The severity of visual field defects may influence some aspects of reading performance. At least concerning silent reading, the visual field of the worse eye is an essential element of smoothness of reading.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduated School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.|Department of Orthoptics and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduated School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduated School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togano
authors.affiliation: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduated School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation*; D053483:Eye Movement Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011932:Reading; D058609:Visual Field Tests; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*