title: [Holmium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho: YAG) laser lithotripsy in the treatment of broncholithiasis].
abstract: Objective:To assess the effectiveness of Ho: YAG Laser in the treatment of broncholithiasis.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 6 patients who underwent Ho: YAG Laser lithotripsy in Peking University First Hospital during May 2012 to October 2015. 4 females and 2 males, with a median age of 60 years, were enrolled. Among 6 patients, persistent cough(n=2), hemoptysis(n=2), recurrent pneumonia(n=2) were the main clinical symptoms. Broncholiths were found in the left side in 1 patient and right side in 5 patients. 2 broncholiths were located in main bronchus and 4 in segmental bronchus. There were 2 patients with intraluminal broncholiths and 4 with transbranchial broncholiths. All 6 patients received Ho: YAG Laser(0.8-1.2 J pulse energies, 5-10 Hz frequencies, 365 μm laser fibers) under rigid bronchoscopy in general anesthesia and experienced relief of symptoms.Results:Complete removal of broncholith was accomplished in intraluminal broncholith group and 1 patient in transbracnhial broncholith group, the other 3 transbracnhial broncholiths were partly removed. Complications included perioperative massive hemolysis(n=1), bronchoesophageal fistula(n=1) and postoperative pneumonia (n=2), no long term complications were encounted.Conclusion:The Ho: YAG were associated with acute complications including fistula, perioperative massive hemolysis, infections and no long-term side effects. It represents a safe and effective therapy option for broncholithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000535:Aluminum; D001982:Bronchial Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002137:Calculi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006469:Hemoptysis / Q000209:etiology; D006695:Holmium; D006801:Humans; D017602:Lithotripsy, Laser / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015019:Yttrium
chemical_list: C503779:yttrium-aluminum-garnet; D015019:Yttrium; D000535:Aluminum; D006695:Holmium
keywords: Broncholithiasis; Holmium; Lithotripsy, laser