title: Tuberculous Lymphadenitis and Parotitis.
abstract: Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of disseminated tuberculosis (TB). It is considered to be the local manifestation of the systemic disease that has disseminated to local lymph nodes, but a high index of suspicion is needed for the diagnosis, because there are several infectious and noninfectious diseases that can mimic the same clinical picture. In recent years, different diagnostic methods have been introduced, including fine-needle aspiration cytology, which has emerged as a simple outpatient diagnostic procedure that replaced the complete excisional node biopsy, and a number of molecular methods which have greatly improved diagnostic accuracy. This chapter covers the most actual knowledge in terms of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment and emphasizes current trends in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. TB parotid gland involvement is extremely rare, even in countries in which TB is endemic. Because of the clinical similarity, parotid malignancy and other forms of parotid inflammatory disease always take priority over the rarely encountered TB parotitis when it comes to differential diagnosis. As a result, clinicians often fail to make a timely diagnosis of TB parotitis when facing a patient with a slowly growing parotid lump. This chapter highlights the most important features of this uncommon disease.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Antioquia Medical School, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cataño
authors.affiliation: Section of Mycobacteria Research, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas and Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robledo
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010309:Parotitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents