title: Negative Regulation of Type 2 Immunity.
abstract: Type 2 immunity encompasses the mechanisms through which the immune system responds to helminths and an array of environmental substances such as allergens. In the developing world, billions of individuals are chronically infected with endemic parasitic helminths. In comparison, in the industrialized world, millions of individuals suffer from dysregulated type 2 immunity, referred to clinically as atopic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. Thus, type 2 immunity must be carefully regulated to mount protective host responses yet avoid inappropriate activation and immunopathology. In this review, we describe the key players and connections at play in type 2 responses and focus on the emerging mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of type 2 immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Dimitri A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: de Kouchkovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: sourav.ghosh@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Sourav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Electronic address: carla.rothlin@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Carla V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rothlin
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000276:immunology*; D006376:Helminths / Q000276:immunology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000276:immunology*; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens