title: A Simulation-based, cognitive assessment of resident decision making during complex urinary catheterization scenarios.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explores general surgery residents' decision making skills in uncommon, complex urinary catheter scenarios.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 residents were presented with two scenarios. Scenario A was a male with traumatic urethral injury and scenario B was a male with complete urinary blockage. Residents verbalized whether they would catheterize the patient and described the workup and management of suspected pathologies. Residents' decision paths were documented and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In scenario A, 45% of participants chose to immediately consult Urology. 47.5% named five diagnostic tests to decide if catheterization was safe. In scenario B, 27% chose to catheterize with a 16 French Coude. When faced with catheterization failure, participants randomly upsized or downsized catheters. Chi-square analysis revealed no measurable consensus amongst participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residents need more training in complex decision making for urinary catheterization. The decision trees generated in this study provide a useful blueprint of residents' learning needs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exploration of general surgery residents' decision making skills in uncommon, complex urinary catheter scenarios revealed major deficiencies. The resulting decision trees reveal residents' learning needs.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, General Surgery, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Jay N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nathwani
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, Industrial and Systems Engineering, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, General Surgery, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: Anna K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, General Surgery, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, General Surgery, Madison, WI, USA.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: DiMarco
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin, General Surgery, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: pugh@surgery.wisc.edu.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Pugh
mesh_terms: D000066491:Clinical Decision-Making; D003071:Cognition; D003663:Decision Trees; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D014546:Urinary Catheterization
keywords: Decision making; Hidden curriculum; Surgical education