title: Sensitivity and specificity of Urdu version of the PHQ-9 to screen depression in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) possesses many characteristics of a good screening tool and has the capacity to be used for screening depression in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the psychometric properties and criterion validity of the PHQ-9 to screen and detect depression in patients with CAD in Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this validation study, 150 patients with CAD completed the Urdu version of the PHQ-9. The major depressive episode module of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used as the gold standard.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Urdu version of the PHQ-9 revealed a good internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha of 0.83. Optimal sensitivity (76%) and specificity (76%) were achieved using the cut-off score of PHQ-9 ≥6, with area under the ROC curve of 0.86.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Urdu version of the PHQ-9 has acceptable psychometric properties to screen and detect major depression in patients with CAD.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health , University of Technology , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney2007 , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gholizadeh
authors.affiliation: b Health Services Academy , Islamabad , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Shahzad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ali Khan
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health , University of Technology , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney2007 , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Farnoosh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vahedi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Health , University of Technology , 15 Broadway, Ultimo, Sydney2007 , NSW , Australia.|c Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing , Baltimore , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: PHQ-9; The Patient Health Questionnaire; cardiac disease; coronary artery disease; depression