title: Tipless Nitinol Stone Baskets: Comparison of Penetration Force, Radial Dilation Force, Opening Dynamics, and Deflection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate 5 commercially available tipless nitinol baskets (2.2F) in 4 performance factors: penetration force, radial dilation force, opening dynamics, and deflection limitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2.2F Coloplast Dormia No-Tip, 1.5F Sacred Heart Medical Halo, 2.2F Cook NCircle Nitinol Tipless Stone Extractor, 1.9F Bard SkyLite Tipless Nitinol Basket, and 1.9F Boston Scientific Zero Tip Nitinol Stone Retrieval Basket were tested for penetration force (safety metric), radial dilation force (functional metric for ureteral calculi), and opening or closing dynamics. Limitation of deflection (functional metric) was tested by measuring the difference in maximal upward and downward angle of deflection of a ureteroscope with and without a basket in place.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Sacred Heart Medical Halo 1.5F basket had the highest mean force required to perforate the foil at 0.676N ± 0.117 (P < .0001). The Sacred Heart Medical Halo 1.5F basket also had the highest mean radial dilation force at 3.04 g ± 0.15 (P < .0001). The Cook NCircle Nitinol Tipless Stone Extractor 2.2F had the most linear pattern of opening, whereas the Coloplast Dormia No-Tip 2.2F and the Sacred Heart Medical Halo 1.5F exhibited exponential opening dynamics. The Cook NCircle Nitinol Tipless Stone Extractor 2.2F limited scope deflection the most with a decrease in 4° downward and 10° upward. The Sacred Heart Medical Halo 1.5F had the least influence on deflection with a decrease in 3° downward and 5° upward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The penetration force, radial dilation force, opening dynamics, and resistance to deflection varied between 5 commonly available tipless nitinol stone baskets. A small diameter 1.5F basket is capable of providing optimal performance while sacrificing linear opening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Nishant
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhavein
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hinck
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH.
authors.forename: Rajat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH. Electronic address: mongam@ccf.org.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
mesh_terms: D004106:Dilatation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods