title: Methodology for monitoring gold nanoparticles and dissolved gold species in culture medium and cells used for nanotoxicity tests by liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.
abstract: An analytical methodology based on coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (HPLC) to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for the characterization and identification of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and gold dissolved species (Au3+) in culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, DMEM) and HeLa cells (a human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line) used in nanotoxicity tests. The influence of the culture medium was also studied and the method applied for nanotoxicity tests. It was also observed that AuNPs can undergo an oxidation process in the supernatants and only a small amount of AuNPs and dissolved Au3+was associated with cells. To evaluate the biological impact of AuNPs, a classical viability assay onto HeLa cells was performed using cellular media DMEM in the presence of increasing dosage of 10nm AuNPs. The results showed that 10nm AuNPs exhibit a slight toxic effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Sanz
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Nuria Rodríguez
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Fariñas
authors.affiliation: Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
authors.forename: Rosario Serrano
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain. Electronic address: rosacarmen.rodriguez@uclm.es.
authors.forename: Rosa Del Carmen Rodríguez
authors.initials: RDCR
authors.lastname: Martín-Doimeadios
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
authors.forename: Ángel
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Ríos
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D006046:Gold / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D058626:Plasma Gases / Q000737:chemistry*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D058626:Plasma Gases; D006046:Gold
keywords: Cells; Dissolved gold species; Gold nanoparticles; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Reversed-phase liquid chromatography; Toxicity tests