title: Distribution of phospholipid based formulations in the skin investigated by combined ATR-FTIR and tape stripping experiments.
abstract: The spatial distribution of exogenous substances in the stratum corneum (SC) could have an influence on their skin irritation potential. In this study it was possible to monitor the distribution of phospholipids with their phosphatidylcholine scaffold on porcine ear skin by combining tape stripping and in vitro ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Significant vibrational modes in the spectra could be successfully assigned to the functional groups of the molecules. Thus it was possible to track the phospholipids without the need of their deuterated form by calculating difference spectra from the treated - untreated skin samples. The correlation between four characteristic bands (R2≥0.9909) revealed the excellent suitability of this semi-quantitative method for deep profiling analysis. The penetration capabilities of aqueous suspensions of the different phospholipid compositions as well as two monoacyl-phosphatidylcholine based liposome formulations were investigated using this method. Nevertheless, differences in the distribution of the investigated phospholipid species, having different amounts of monoacyl-phosphatidylcholine, could not be found. It could be clearly shown that the deepest skin penetration was seen in the irritating anionic SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) out of the aqueous solution. The aqueous suspensions based on different phospholipid surfactants showed the same range of penetration depth (10-15% of SC), whereas the smallest skin penetration depth was observed after the application of liposomal formulations.
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Research platform 'Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms', Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halper
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Raffaela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pribyl
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baurecht
authors.affiliation: University of Vienna, Research platform 'Characterisation of Drug Delivery Systems on Skin and Investigations of Involved Mechanisms', Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: claudia.valenta@univie.ac.at.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valenta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013535:Suspensions / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D010743:Phospholipids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D013535:Suspensions; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
keywords: ATR-FTIR; Irritancy; Phospholipids; Skin; Tape-stripping; Undeuterated