title: Effect of hypoxia on the proliferation of porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in 2- and 3-dimensional culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) currently represent a promising tool for the regeneration of large bony defects. Therefore, it is pivotal to find the best cell source within the body and the best conditions for in vitro cellular expansion. This study compared cellular response of MSCs and ASCs from a porcine animal in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (2% O2) cell culture conditions via 2D and 3D experimental settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of constant exposure to hypoxia on primary pig stem cells was evaluated by two methods. First, a cumulative population doublings (cumPD) over a period of 40 days, a metabolic activity assay in both 2D and 3D beta-TCP-PHB scaffolds, followed by analysis of osteogenic differentiation potential in cell monolayers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results displayed enhanced cell culture proliferation in 2% O2 for both MSCs and ASCs, with impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The impact of constant hypoxia on porcine MSCs and ASCs exhibited a statistically significant decrease in osteogenic differentiation under hypoxic conditions with the MSCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that MSCs and ASCs expanded in hypoxic culture conditions, might be more suitable for use in the clinical setting where large cell numbers are required. When differentiated in normoxic conditions, MSCs showed the highest osteogenic differentiation potential and might be the best choice of cells with consideration to bone repair.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Chair: M. Ehrenfeld, MD, DDS, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany. Electronic address: Egon.Burian@med.uni-muenchen.de.
authors.forename: Egon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Burian
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Chair: M. Ehrenfeld, MD, DDS, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Probst
authors.affiliation: Harvard School of Dental Medicine (Chair: R. Bonhoff, MD, DMD), Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Palla
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Maximilian Michael
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Saller
authors.affiliation: Fluid Technology and Microfluidics (Chair: H. Seitz, PhD), University of Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cornelsen
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: König
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schieker
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery (Chair: W. Böcker, MD, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Chair: M. Ehrenfeld, MD, DDS, PhD), University Hospital Munich (LMU), Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otto
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013552:Swine
keywords: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; Differentiation; Hypoxia; Proliferation; Scaffold