title: Ureterocystoneostomy in complex oncological cases with an "Uebelhoer" modified Boari bladder flap.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study aims to describe the technique and analyze the outcome of an arcuated bladder incision with building of a triangular flap, first described by Uebelhoer (UBBF), as a modification of the classical rectangular Boari bladder flap (BBF), that is often viable, but can present difficulties, such as reduced flap vascularization and mobility in pretreated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve consecutive patients with distal or mid ureteral leakage or stenosis, that underwent UBBF, were retrospectively analyzed. We assessed postoperative morbidity using Clavien-Dindo classification. Short- and long-term functional outcomes were assessed using glomerular filtration rate (GFR), ultrasound, and renal scintigraphy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients underwent UBBF during initial oncological surgery in five cases and due to ureteral defects following oncological surgery or radiotherapy in seven cases. Median patient age was 57 (interquartile range (IQR) 46-72), defect length was 7.5 cm (IQR 5-8 cm), and median follow-up period was 41 (IQR 36-48) months. In short-term follow-up, 11/13 postoperative morbidities were Clavien-Dindo level I-II complications, mostly infections. Two level IIIa complications occurred. One anastomotic leakage was treated sufficiently with temporarily ureteral stenting and one voiding disorder needed intervention. In the long-term follow-up, 84% of patients had improved or constant GFR. In the one-year renal scintigraphy, no urodynamically relevant voiding disorder occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UBBF is a reliable procedure to reconstruct ureteral trauma even in complex oncological, pretreated patients suffering from distal or mid ureteral defects. It can be performed easily by a modified arcuate incision and provides good long-term functional outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. j.radtke@dkfz-heidelberg.de.|Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. j.radtke@dkfz-heidelberg.de.
authors.forename: Jan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Korzeniewski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.|Department of Urology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Celine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.|Department of Urology, Paracelsus Medical University Hospital, Nuremberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pahernik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Boris A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hadaschik
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hohenfellner
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dogu
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Teber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery*; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Boari bladder flap modification; Uebelhoer procedure; Ureteral stricture; Ureteral trauma; Ureteroneocystostomy