title: Mycorrhizal trifoliate orange has greater root adaptation of morphology and phytohormones in response to drought stress.
abstract: Plant roots are the first parts of plants to face drought stress (DS), and thus root modification is important for plants to adapt to drought. We hypothesized that the roots of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plants exhibit better adaptation in terms of morphology and phytohormones under DS. Trifoliate orange seedlings inoculated with Diversispora versiformis were subjected to well-watered (WW) and DS conditions for 6 weeks. AM seedlings exhibited better growth performance and significantly greater number of 1st, 2nd, and 3rdorder lateral roots, root length, area, average diameter, volume, tips, forks, and crossings than non-AM seedlings under both WW and DS conditions. AM fungal inoculation considerably increased root hair density under both WW and DS and root hair length under DS, while dramatically decreased root hair length under WW but there was no change in root hair diameter. AM plants had greater concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, nitric oxide, and calmodulin in roots, which were significantly correlated with changes in root morphology. These results support the hypothesis that AM plants show superior adaptation in root morphology under DS that is potentially associated with indole-3-acetic acid, methyl jasmonate, nitric oxide, and calmodulin levels.
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Citrus Research, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318026, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.|Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Yan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
authors.forename: Qiu-Dan
authors.initials: QD
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.|Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.
authors.forename: De-Jian
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.|Institute of Root Biology, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China.|Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Qiang-Sheng
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000378:metabolism; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D055864:Droughts; D055137:Glomeromycota / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000254:growth & development*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D032104:Poncirus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002147:Calmodulin; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D054883:Oxylipins; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C030737:indoleacetic acid; C072239:methyl jasmonate