title: Hand Surgery and Fluoroscopic Eye Radiation Dosage: A Prospective Pilot Comparison of Large Versus Mini C-Arm Fluoroscopy Use.
abstract: Background:The purpose of this study is to (1) perform a prospective pilot comparison of the impact of large versus mini C-arm fluoroscopy on resultant eye radiation exposure and (2) test the hypothesis that the use of either modality during routine hand surgery does not exceed the current recommended limits to critical eye radiation dosage.Methods:Over a 12-month period, eye radiation exposure was prospectively measured by a board-certified hand surgeon using both large and mini C-arm fluoroscopy. For each modality, accumulated eye radiation dosage was measured monthly, while fluoroscopic radiation output was recorded, including total exposure time and dose rate.Results:A total of 58 cases were recorded using large C-arm and 25 cases using mini C-arm. Between the 2 groups, there was not a significant difference with total exposure time (P= .88) and average dose rate per case (P= .10). With the use of either modality, average monthly eye radiation exposure fell within the undetectable range (<30 mrem), significantly less than the current recommended limit of critical eye radiation (167 mrem/month).Conclusions:The impact of various fluoroscopic sources on eye radiation exposure remains relatively unexplored. In this study, the minimal detectable eye radiation dosages observed in both groups were reliably consistent. Our findings suggest that accumulated eye radiation dosage, from the use of either fluoroscopic modality, does not approach previously reported levels of critical radiation loads.
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Mark L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: C Edward
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hoffler
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Asif M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ilyas
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Beredjiklian
authors.affiliation: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Leinberry
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006225:Hand / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D009985:Orthopedics; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D066231:Surgeons
keywords: cataracts; eye radiation; fluoroscopy; mini C-arm; radiation; radiation exposure