title: Chemical Variability, Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Essential Oils and Hydrosol Extract of Calendula arvensis L. from Western Algeria.
abstract: The chemical composition of the essential oils and hydrosol extract from aerial parts of Calendula arvensis L. was investigated using GC-FID and GC/MS. Intra-species variations of the chemical compositions of essential oils from 18 Algerian sample locations were investigated using statistical analysis. Chemical analysis allowed the identification of 53 compounds amounting to 92.3 - 98.5% with yields varied of 0.09 - 0.36% and the main compounds were zingiberenol 1 (8.7 - 29.8%), eremoligenol (4.2 - 12.5%), β-curcumene (2.1 - 12.5%), zingiberenol 2 (4.6 - 19.8%) and (E,Z)-farnesol (3.5 - 23.4%). The study of the chemical variability of essential oils allowed the discrimination of two main clusters confirming that there is a relation between the essential oil compositions and the harvest locations. Different concentrations of essential oil and hydrosol extract were prepared and their antioxidant activity were assessed using three methods (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay and β-carotene). The results showed that hydrosol extract presented an interesting antioxidant activity. The in vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract produced the best antifungal inhibition against Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger, while, essential oil was inhibitory at relatively higher concentrations. Results showed that the treatments of pear fruits with essential oil and hydrosol extract presented a very interesting protective activity on disease severity of pears caused by P. expansum.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algéria.
authors.forename: Rania
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Belabbes
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algéria.
authors.forename: Mohammed El Amine
authors.initials: MEA
authors.lastname: Dib
authors.affiliation: Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen, 13000, Algéria.
authors.forename: Nassim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Djabou
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Naturels, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature, de la Vie, et des Sciences de la Terre et l'Univers, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, BP 119, Tlemcen, 13000, Algéria.
authors.forename: Faiza
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ilias
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et Bioactives (LASNABIO), Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Algéria.
authors.forename: Boufeldja
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tabti
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels, Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Chimie des Produits Naturels, Université de Corse, UMR CNRS 6134, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muselli
mesh_terms: D000462:Algeria; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000187:drug effects; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D009181:Mycoses / Q000517:prevention & control; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: 
  Calendula arvensis
  ; Antifungal activities; Antioxidant activities; Chemical variability; Essential oils; Hydrosol extracts