title: Adenosine signaling in diabetes mellitus and associated cardiovascular and renal complications.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, and subsequent hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, which results from defects in pancreatic islet beta-cells insulin secretion and/or decreased insulin sensitivity in metabolically active organs (i.e. liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue). Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for the adenosine system in the regulation of insulin and glucose homeostasis and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Adenosine is a key diverse extracellular signaling molecule that regulates several aspects of tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled receptors (i.e. A1, A2A, A2Band A3receptors). Moreover, adenosine receptor signaling plays a critical role in inflammation, immune system, and oxidative stress, factors that are also important in metabolic disorders. This review discusses the role of the adenosine receptor system in the development or progression of diabetes mellitus, with specific focus on T2D, and associated complications linked to the cardiovascular and renal systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peleli
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden. Electronic address: mattias.carlstrom@ki.se.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carlstrom
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: Adenosine; Cardiovascular; Diabetes; Inflammation; Metabolism; Oxidative stress; Renal