title: Progressive Perineal Urethroplasty for Pelvic Fracture Urethral Distraction Defect in Prepubertal Children: The Outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urethroplasty in pediatric patients is a challenging task. In this study, we have tried to assess the complexity and evaluate the outcome of progressive perineal anastomotic urethroplasty in prepubertal children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data of all the prepubertal children who underwent progressive perineal urethroplasty between March 2009 and April 2014 were analyzed. Patients were evaluated with history, examination, essential laboratory investigations, retrograde urethrogram, and voiding cystourethrogram. Before subjecting the patients for definitive surgery, antegrade and retrograde endoscopic assessment was done. The surgery was performed by the transperineal route with the help of ×2.5 magnification. Patients were followed up with uroflowmetry for every 3 months in the 1styear and for every 6 months in the subsequent years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of the patients was 7.3 (range 5-11) years. Mean urethral distraction defect was 1.7 (range 1-2.5) cm. All the patients were successfully managed by the perineal approach. Crural separation was performed in all the patients while additional inferior pubectomy was required in six patients. Mean operating time was 298 (range 180-400) min. Mean blood loss was 174 (range 100-500) ml. One patient had the left calf hematoma in the immediate postoperative period. Seven out of nine (77.7%) patients had successful urethroplasty. Two patients had failed urethroplasty who were successfully managed by redo-urethroplasty. Transient incontinence was observed in one patient. Erectile function could not be assessed in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the feasibility of progressive perineal urethroplasty by the perineal route in prepubertal children. An endoscopic assessment should be performed before the definitive surgery. Use of loupe helps in performing better anastomosis and hence yielding a better result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Bipin Chandra
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Pranjal R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Syed Javid Farooq
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Qadri
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Jayesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Transplantation Surgery, Institute of Kidney Diseases and Research Center and Dr. H.L. Trivedi Institute of Transplantation Sciences, Civil Hospital Campus, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Safee
keywords: Pelvic fracture urethral distraction defect; prepubertal; urethra; urethroplasty; urethrotomy