title: Dose- and time-dependent effects of clodronate on orthodontic tooth movement.
abstract: Orthodontic tooth movement is the result of bone remodeling that occurs in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone tissue as a response to mechanical loading of the tooth. The aim of this study is to investigate the time- and dose-response effects of locally administered clodronate on tooth movement. Sixty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 15 specimens: E1 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E2 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 3-day intervals; E3 - application of 10 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals; E4 - application of 2.5 mMol of clodronate in 7-day intervals. A 50 μL clodronate solution was injected into a subperiosteal area to the right maxillary incisor. The left maxillary incisor served as a control, with an injection of saline solution. In 3-day interval application regime, there was no effect of clodronate dosing on tooth movement. In 7-day interval application regime, decreased tooth movement was observed with 10 mMol compared with 2.5 mMol clodronate concentration. However, decreased tooth movement was also observed when 2.5 mMol of clodronate was applied in 7-versus 3-day intervals. Conversely, no difference was observed when 10 mMol concentration was applied in 3- versus 7-day intervals. When clodronate is applied subperiosteally in the root area, it decreases the tooth movement. Tooth movement is impeded by the higher clodronate dosing, as well as by shorter application interval even with lower dosing. The purpose of future trials should, therefore, be to determine a safe therapeutic dose/interval application of clodronate in humans and their potential side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. enakas@sf.unsa.ba.
authors.forename: Enita
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakaš
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lauc
authors.forename: Alisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiro
authors.forename: Vildana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Džemidžić
authors.forename: Amila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zukanović
authors.forename: Miljenko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franić
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivković
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016723:Bone Remodeling; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004002:Clodronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000379:methods*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D004002:Clodronic Acid