title: Heme oxygenase 1 defects lead to reduced chlorophyll in Brassica napus.
abstract: We previously described a Brassica napus chlorophyll-deficient mutant (ygl) with yellow-green seedling leaves and mapped the related gene, BnaC.YGL, to a 0.35 cM region. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this chlorophyll defect are still unknown. In this study, the BnaC07.HO1 gene (equivalent to BnaC.YGL) was isolated by the candidate gene approach, and its function was confirmed by genetic complementation. Comparative sequencing analysis suggested that BnaC07.HO1 was lost in the mutant, while a long noncoding-RNA was inserted into the promoter of the homologous gene BnaA07.HO1. This insert was widely present in B. napus cultivars and down-regulated BnaA07.HO1 expression. BnaC07.HO1 was highly expressed in the seedling leaves and encoded heme oxygenase 1, which was localized in the chloroplast. Biochemical analysis showed that BnaC07.HO1 can catalyze heme conversion to form biliverdin IXα. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the loss of BnaC07.HO1 impaired tetrapyrrole metabolism, especially chlorophyll biosynthesis. According, the levels of chlorophyll intermediates were reduced in the ygl mutant. In addition, gene expression in multiple pathways was affected in ygl. These findings provide molecular evidences for the basis of the yellow-green leaf phenotype and further insights into the crucial role of HO1 in B. napus.
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
authors.forename: Zonghui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Oil Crops Research the Chinese Institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences,, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Chaozhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jinxiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Jinxing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
authors.forename: Tingdong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. wenjing@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010788:Photosynthesis; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D036226:Seedlings / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D002734:Chlorophyll; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1
keywords: Brassica napus; Chlorophyll biosynthesis; Heme oxygenase 1; LncRNA insertion; Tetrapyrrole metabolism; Yellow-green leaf