title: Adiponectin, orexin A and orexin B concentrations in the serum and uterine luminal fluid during early pregnancy of pigs.
abstract: Adiponectin is the most abundant adipose-released protein that circulates in human plasma at high concentrations. The neuropeptides orexin A (OXA, hypocretin-1) and orexin B (OXB, hypocretin-2) are derived from a common precursor peptide, prepro-orexin and are produced mainly by neurons located in the lateral hypothalamus. It has been demonstrated that the peptides such as adiponectin and orexins have an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and neuroendocrine functions. These hormones appear to be implicated in both normal and disturbed pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to determine adiponectin and orexin concentrations in the plasma and uterine luminal fluid (ULF) of pigs during early gestation and to explore the relationships between hormone concentrations and stages of pregnancy. The greatest plasma concentrations of adiponectin were observed on days 15-16 and 27-28 of pregnancy, and the least concentrations were on days 30-32 of gestation and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle. In ULF, adiponectin concentrations were greater on days 15-16 of pregnancy and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle than on days 10-11 and days 12-13 of pregnancy. The greatest OXA concentrations in the blood plasma were noted on days 10-16 of gestation, and the least OXA concentrations were on days 27-32 of pregnancy and on days 10-11 of the oestrous cycle. Orexin A concentrations in ULF were greater on days 10-11 of the cycle than throughout pregnancy. Serum OXB concentrations were greatest on days 10-11 and 30-32 of pregnancy, and least on days 12-28 of gestation. The greatest OXB concentrations in ULF were on days 10-13 of gestation, and the least OXB concentrations were on days 15-16 of pregnancy. This is first study to demonstrate the presence of adiponectin and orexins in the serum and ULF during early pregnancy of pigs as well as the relationships between adiponectin and orexin concentrations and the stage of pregnancy. The fluctuations in adiponectin and orexin concentrations in the plasma and ULF suggest that the hormones present in ULF are mostly of local origin and that these hormones participate in the processes that accompany early pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: nina.smolinska@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smolinska
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: marta.kiezun@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiezun
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: kamil.dobrzyn@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Kamil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dobrzyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: karol.szeszko@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Karol
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Szeszko
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: anna.maleszka@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maleszka
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowski Street 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland. Electronic address: tkam@uwm.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaminski
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D000068797:Orexins / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood*; D014599:Uterus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000068797:Orexins
keywords: Adiponectin; Orexins; Pig; Plasma; Pregnancy; Uterine luminal fluid