title: Childhood parental bonding affects adulthood trait anxiety through self-esteem.
abstract: The association between trait anxiety and parental bonding has been suggested. However, the mechanism remains uncertain and there is no study focused on general adult population. We investigated the association and the mechanism between childhood parental bonding and adulthood trait anxiety in the general adult population.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted in 2014 with 853 adult volunteers from the general population. The Parental Bonding Instrument, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) were self-administered. Structural equation modelling was used for the analysis.
  
  
  
  Childhood parental bonding affected adulthood trait anxiety indirectly mediated by self-esteem. Trait anxiety was decreased by parental care and increased by parental overprotection through self-esteem. This model explained 51.1% of the variability in STAI-Y trait anxiety scores.
  
  
  
  This study suggests an important role of self-esteem as a mediator between childhood parental bonding and adulthood trait anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan; Tobu Chuo Hospital, 28-1 Honcho, Wakou-shi, Saitama 351-0114, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan. Electronic address: esu-yosh@tokyo-med.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaesu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009769:Object Attachment; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult