title: Contrasting microsatellite diversity in the evolutionary lineages of Phytophthora lateralis.
abstract: Following recent discovery of Phytophthora lateralis on native Chamaecyparis obtusa in Taiwan, four phenotypically distinct lineages were discriminated: the Taiwan J (TWJ) and Taiwan K (TWK) in Taiwan, the Pacific Northwest (PNW) in North America and Europe and the UK in west Scotland. Across the four lineages, we analysed 88 isolates from multiple sites for microsatellite diversity. Twenty-one multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were resolved with high levels of diversity of the TWK and PNW lineages. No alleles were shared between the PNW and the Taiwanese lineages. TWK was heterozygous at three loci, whereas TWJ isolates were homozygous apart from one isolate, which exhibited a unique allele also present in the TWK lineage. PNW lineage was heterozygous at three loci. The evidence suggests its origin may be a yet unknown Asian source. North American and European PNW isolates shared all their alleles and also a dominant MLG, consistent with a previous proposal that this lineage is a recent introduction into Europe from North America. The UK lineage was monomorphic and homozygous at all loci. It shared its alleles with the PNW and the TWJ and TWK lineages, hence a possible origin in a recent hybridisation event between a Taiwan lineage and PNW cannot be ruled out.
authors.affiliation: DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
authors.forename: AnnaMaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vettraino
authors.affiliation: Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK.
authors.forename: Clive M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Brasier
authors.affiliation: Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK.
authors.forename: Joan F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Webber
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Everett M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Scotland, EH259SY, UK.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610, Cestas, France; Univ. Bordeaux, BIOGECO, UMR 1202, F-33600, Pessac, France.
authors.forename: Cecile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robin
authors.affiliation: DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomassini
authors.affiliation: DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.affiliation: DIBAF, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Viterbo, 01100, Italy. Electronic address: vannini@unitus.it.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vannini
mesh_terms: D029780:Chamaecyparis / Q000382:microbiology; D005060:Europe; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009656:North America; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013624:Taiwan
keywords: Evolution; Genetic variation; Hybridization; Introduction; Microsatellite analysis