title: Phosphate-assisted phytoremediation of arsenic by Brassica napus and Brassica juncea: Morphological and physiological response.
abstract: In this study, we examined the potential role of phosphate (P; 0, 50, 100 mg kg-1) on growth, gas exchange attributes, and photosynthetic pigments of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea under arsenic (As) stress (0, 25, 50, 75 mg kg-1) in a pot experiment. Results revealed that phosphate supplementation (P100) to As-stressed plants significantly increased shoot As concentration, dry biomass yield, and As uptake, in addition to the improved morphological and gas exchange attributes and photosynthetic pigments over P0. However, phosphate-assisted increase in As uptake was substantially (up to two times) greater for B. napus, notably due to higher shoot As concentration and dry biomass yield, compared to B. juncea at the P100 level. While phosphate addition in soil (P100) led to enhanced shoot As concentration in B. juncea, it reduced shoot dry biomass, primarily after 50 and 75 mg kg-1As treatments. The translocation factor and bioconcentration factor values of B. napus were higher than B. juncea for all As levels in the presence of phosphate. This study demonstrates that phosphate supplementation has a potential to improve As phytoextraction efficiency, predominantly for B. napus, by minimizing As-induced damage to plant growth, as well as by improving the physiological and photosynthetic attributes.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.|b MARUM and Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany.|c Southern Cross GeoScience , Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Nabeel Khan
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Niazi
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.|b MARUM and Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany.
authors.forename: Irshad
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bibi
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ayesha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatimah
authors.affiliation: d Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: e Department of Botany , Government College University , Faisalabad , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Tariq
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Javed
authors.affiliation: f Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province , Zhejiang A & F University , Lin'an , Hangzhou , China.|g School of Environment and Chemical Engineering , Foshan University , Foshan , China.
authors.forename: Hailong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: h Korea Biochar Research Center & School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Safdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.affiliation: d Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information and Technology , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Behzad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murtaza
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Zulfiqar Ahmad
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Saqib
authors.affiliation: i Department of Environmental Sciences , University of Lahore , Lahore , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad Bilal
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shakoor
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D029688:Brassica napus; D009149:Mustard Plant; D010710:Phosphates; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001151:Arsenic
keywords: arsenic speciation; bioavailability; contamination; phytoextraction; plant uptake; remediation