title: Albumin and surgical site infection risk in orthopaedics: a meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surigical site infection has been a challenge for surgeons for many years, the prevalence of serum albumin <3.5g/dL has been reported to be associated with increased orthopaedic complications. However, the prognostic implications and significance of serum albumin <3.5g/dL after orthopaedic surgeries remain ambiguity. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to access the predictive value of serum albumin level on SSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A basic data search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science, in addition, references were manually searched. All of the observational studies contained preoperative albumin, outcomes of SSI or valuable data that could be abstracted and analysed for meta-analysis in orthopaedics. All of the studies were assessed using the classic Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). They conformed to critical quality evaluation standards, and the final data analysis was performed with RevMan 5.2 software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 112,183 patients included in 13 studies were involved. The pooled MD of albumin between the infection group and the non-infection group was MD = -2.28 (95 % CI -3.97-0.58), which was statistically significant (z = 2.63, P = 0.008). The pooled RR of infection when comparing albumin <3.5 with albumin >3.5 was 2.39 (95 % CI 1.57 3.64), which was statistically significant (z = 4.06, P < 0.0001). Heterogeneity were found in the pooled MD of albumin and in the pooled RR for infection (P = 0.05, I2= 61 % and P = 0.003, I2= 68 %). No publication bias occurred based on two basically symmetrical funnel plots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our meta-analysis demonstrated that an albumin level <3.5 g/dL had an almost 2.5 fold increased risk of SSI in orthopaedics, although this conclusion requires well-designed prospective cohort studies to be confirmed further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Peizhi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yuwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yansen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jialiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiayuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Qiaoxi District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, People's Republic of China. dryzzhang@126.com.
authors.forename: Yingze
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin