title: Symptom Management: The Effects of Self-Affirmation on Chemotherapy-Related Symptoms.
abstract: Positive effects of auditory stimulations are common in symptom management. However, the effect of self-affirmations on symptom management is not well known.
  
  
  
  The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of self-affirmations and nature sounds on chemotherapy-related symptoms.
  
  
  
  This randomized, controlled experimental study was conducted with 140 patients receiving chemotherapy. The first experimental group listened to affirmations, the second listened to nature sounds, and the third listened to both.
  
  
  
  In the affirmation group, pain, tiredness, drowsiness, lack of appetite, depression, anxiety, and lack of well-being scores were lower. In the affirmation and nature sounds group, drowsiness, depression, anxiety, and lack of well-being scores were reduced. In the nature sounds group, tiredness, drowsiness, and lack of well-being scores were reduced. In the control group, tiredness, drowsiness, nausea, and lack of well-being scores were higher.
authors.affiliation: Yeditepe University.
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: Halic University.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gulsoy
authors.affiliation: Halic University.
authors.forename: Makbule
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Batmaz
authors.affiliation: Esenler Maternity and Children's Hospital.
authors.forename: Cansu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozgat
authors.affiliation: Suleyman Demirel University Research and Education Hospital.
authors.forename: Gulser
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yesilbursali
authors.affiliation: Bezmi-Alem Foundation University Hospital.
authors.forename: Reyhan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.affiliation: Okmeydani Education and Research Hospital.
authors.forename: Sedanur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekiz
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019468:Disease Management; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D000070659:Patient Comfort; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020377:Self Efficacy
keywords: chemotherapy; nature sounds; self-affirmations; symptom management; nursing care