title: The Effect of Family Presence on Rounding Duration in the PICU.
abstract: The incorporation of family-centered rounds has become standard in PICUs across the United States. We compared rounding times in our institution, with and without family members present, to determine the effect on total rounding time and work flow.
  
  
  
  This observational study of a convenience sample was conducted over a 17-month period (May 2014-October 2015), accounting for typical seasonal variation in the PICU. The individual patient rounding times for 2657 encounters were recorded. The presence of family members, intubation status, physician assistant participation, interruptions during rounds, attending physician's full- or part-time status, and patient census were documented. The effect of family presence on per-patient rounding time was analyzed, while controlling for influential variables.
  
  
  
  Family members were present during 1743 of 2657 (66%) rounding encounters. The average per-patient rounding time with and without family members present was 8.6 minutes and 7.3 minutes, respectively, a difference of 1.3 minutes per patient. In statistical models that accounted for other influential variables, the presence of family members was associated with a highly significant (20.4%, P < .001) increase in the per-patient rounding time.
  
  
  
  The presence of family members increases per-patient rounding times in the PICU. Family presence on rounds may have benefits that outweigh the additional time required to complete each patient interaction.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Pediatric Critical Care, Portland, Oregon.|Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors.forename: Priya R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Outcomes Research, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon rsperkin@lhs.org.
authors.forename: R Serene
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Northwest Pediatric Critical Care, Portland, Oregon.|Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hascall
authors.affiliation: Northwest Pediatric Critical Care, Portland, Oregon.|Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors.forename: Carolyn F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Shelak
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Outcomes Research, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, Oregon.
authors.forename: Shaban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Northwest Pediatric Critical Care, Portland, Oregon.|Department of Pediatric Critical Care, Randall Children's Hospital, Portland, Oregon; and.
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Buchholz
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009922:Oregon; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D058996:Quality Improvement; D056164:Teaching Rounds / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D013997:Time Factors; D017748:Time Management / Q000379:methods*; D057188:Workflow