title: Anti-inflammatory Principles from Sarcandra glabra.
abstract: Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai (Chloranthaceae) is a medicinal plant used as herbal tea or food supplement to promote human health. We isolated 14 phenolic compounds from the n-butanol fraction of S. glabra and investigated their anti-inflammatory potential using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. We demonstrated that methyl isorinate, a previously uncharacterized compound in S. glabra, is able to suppress NF-κB activation and reduce the expression of iNOS and COX-2 as well as the phosphorylation of IκB in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the production of two inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), as well as release of reactive oxygen species, in the LPS-stimulated macrophages was also inhibited by this compound. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships of all of the isolated phenolic compounds present were analyzed. Overall, this study revealed several anti-inflammatory compounds that were present in S. glabra, and the results suggest that these diverse phenolic compounds are associated with the anti-inflammatory effects of S. glabra.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yun-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare , Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lie-Chwen
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9518-9018
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shu-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000067996:RAW 264.7 Cells; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: NF-κB; Sarcandra glabra; anti-inflammation; methyl isorinate