title: Biological effects of new-generation dialkyl phosphinate flame retardants and their hydrolysates in BALB/C mice.
abstract: Aluminum methylcyclohexylphosphinate (AMHP), calcium methylcyclohexylphosphinate (CMHP), aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADEP), and aluminum methylethylphosphinate (AMEP) are organic dialkyl phosphinates (DPs) and emerging phosphorus-based flame retardants. The broad-spectrum DPs flame retardants occupy high-end industrial markets, but their ecologic risk has been reported rarely. By exposing male BALB/c mice to DPs and dialkyl phosphinic acids, we studied the toxic effects of these chemicals, and measured AMHP and methylcyclohexylphosphinic acid (MHPA) in blood and feces. We found that DPs and their main hydrolysates had mild toxicity in BALB/c mice. Exposure to 10 and 50 mg/kg/d of AMEP and ADEP caused mild hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicity of CMHP was in the liver and kidneys. Toxicity of AMHP and its hydrolysate MHPA was low and affected the liver. These data suggest that AMHP has lower toxicity than the other DPs that we tested. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1578-1586, 2017.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jieqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yuchen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agriculture and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lisha
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Minjie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Jianghan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jiyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yumin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingfu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.|Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.|Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Jianghan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430056, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010757:Phosphorous Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D012306:Risk; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010757:Phosphorous Acids; D000535:Aluminum
keywords: BALB/c mice; dialkyl phosphinates; dialkyl phosphinic acid; toxicity