title: Recent advances in understanding antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also known as Hughes Syndrome, is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity in the presence of persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies. A patient with APS must meet at least one of two clinical criteria (vascular thrombosis or complications of pregnancy) and at least one of two laboratory criteria including the persistent presence of lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), and/or anti-b2 glycoprotein I (anti-b2GPI) antibodies of IgG or IgM isotype at medium to high titres in patient's plasma. However, several other autoantibodies targeting other coagulation cascade proteins (i.e. prothrombin) or their complex with phospholipids (i.e. phosphatidylserine/prothrombin complex), or to some domains of β2GPI, have been proposed to be also relevant to APS. In fact, the value of testing for new aPL specificities in the identification of APS in thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity patients is currently being investigated.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Maria Laura
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bertolaccini
authors.affiliation: Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sanna
keywords: APS; Hughes Syndrome; antiphospholipid syndrome