title: Pathological Impairment, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis of Thymus and Bursa of Fabricius Induced by Aflatoxin-Contaminated Corn in Broilers.
abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effects of aflatoxin-contaminated corn on the thymus and bursa of Fabricius (BF) in chickens by detecting histopathological lesions, cell cycle phase distribution and apoptosis. A total of 900 COBB500 male broilers were randomly allocated into five groups. The experiment lasted for six weeks and the five dietary treatments consisted of uncontaminated corn (control), 25% contaminated corn, 50% contaminated corn, 75% contaminated corn and 100% contaminated corn groups. The gross changes showed the decreased size of the thymus and BF, as well as the pale color of the BF in the broilers after aflatoxin contaminated diet exposure. There were more nuclear debris in the thymus and BF of birds in the 50%, 75%, and 100% contaminated corn groups, but the pathological impairments of the BF were more obvious than those of the thymus, which showed as more obvious lymphocyte depletion and the proliferation of reticulocytes and fibroblasts. At 21 days of age, the percentage of thymocytes and BF cells in the G2M phase was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the four AFB-contaminated corn groups. However, at 42 days of age, dietary AFB₁ induced cell cycle perturbation at the G0G1 phase in thymocytes, but at the G2M phase in BF cells. The increased percentage of apoptotic cells in the thymus and BF were similarly observed in the AFB groups. According to these results, the severity of histopathological lesions may be correlated with the different sensitivity of the two central immune organs when exposed to AFB; different arrested cell cycle phases suggest that different mechanisms may be involved in the lesions of the thymus and BF, which need to be further researched.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China. pengxi197313@163.com.|College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, Sichuan, China. pengxi197313@163.com.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China. shipingbai@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Shiping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China. dingxuemei0306@163.com.
authors.forename: Xuemei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China. zkeying@sicau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Keying
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002060:Bursa of Fabricius / Q000503:physiopathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D016604:Aflatoxin B1
keywords: aflatoxin; bursa of Fabricius; comparative lesion; thymus