title: Myocardial and Serum Galectin-3 Expression Dynamics Marks Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Remodelling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute myocardial infarction (MI) causes significant changes in cardiac morphology and function. Galectin-3 is a novel and potentially therapeutically important mediator of cardiac remodelling. Myocardial and serum galectin-3 expression dynamics in response to the early cardiovascular outcomes after acute MI are not fully elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We first performed a comprehensive longitudinal microarray analyses in mice after acute MI. We then measured the serum levels of galectin-3 in a translational porcine model of coronary microembolism-induced post-ischaemic cardiac remodelling. We validated our pre-clinical studies in humans by measuring serum galectin-3 levels of 52 patients with acute ST-elevation MI (STEMI) and 11 healthy controls. We analysed galectin-3 data in relation to the development of major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 9,753 genes profiled at infarcted and remote myocardium at eight different time points, dynamic myocardial overexpression of galectin-3 mRNA was detected. In a pig model of diffuse myocardial damage and cardiac remodelling, galectin-3 localised to the areas of tissue damage and myocardial fibrosis, with proportionate increase of their serum galectin-3 expression levels. In humans, increased serum galectin-3 level was associated with in-hospital MACO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this translational study, we demonstrated that galectin-3 is dynamically overexpressed in response to acute MI-induced cardiac remodelling. Elevated galectin-3 levels are associated with the development of in-hospital MACO.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. Electronic address: sharmau@buffalo.edu.
authors.forename: Umesh C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Wassim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mosleh
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Milind R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Rujuta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katkar
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics-BiGCaT, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Evelo
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Cimato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Saraswati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pokharel
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W Matthijs
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Blankesteijn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000097:blood*; D037161:Galectins; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D009206:Myocardium; D013552:Swine; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001798:Blood Proteins; D037502:Galectin 3; D037161:Galectins; C428445:LGALS3 protein, human; C485095:Lgals3 protein, mouse
keywords: Fibrosis; Galectin-3; Microarrays; Myocardial infarction; Remodelling