title: Tumor suppressor candidate 3 as a novel predictor for lymph node metastasis in lung cancer patients.
abstract: Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) was recently identified as a potential tumor suppressor gene in several cancer types. However, no data are currently available regarding the expression of TUSC3 in lung cancer. The present study investigated the expression of TUSC3 in patients with lung cancer and determined its association with the clinicopathological parameters of the disease. Cytoplasmic TUSC3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides, which included 35 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) specimens, 80 squamous cell lung cancer specimens (SCC), 80 adenocarcinoma lung cancer (ADC) specimens and 37 normal lung tissue specimens. Analysis showed significantly reduced TUSC3 expression in the SCLC patients, but not in the ADC and SCC patients, as compared with the normal controls. Additionally, TUSC3 expression in the patients with a degree of differentiation of 1-2 (well-moderately differentiated) was significantly higher than that in patients with a differentiation degree of 3-4 (poorly differentiated-undifferentiated). Further analysis showed that TUSC3 expression levels were negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation in the ADC and SCC patients. Notably, a marked decrease in TUSC3 expression was identified in the patients who were lymph node metastasis-positive (LNM+) compared with patients who were LNM-. Further analysis showed that significant differences in TUSC3 expression were identified among the different N stages (LNM status) in the SCLC, ADC and SCC patients. Correlation analysis also identified a negative correlation between TUSC3 expression and LNM in all three pathological types of lung cancer tested. Overall, these results indicated that a reduction in TUSC3 may be associated with a poorly-differentiated grade of lung cancer. Importantly, TUSC3 expression may be a useful predictor of LNM in lung cancer patients. A combined analysis of TUSC3 expression and the clinical variables will aid in predicting the incidence of LNM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xinshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tengzhou Central People Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Kaixian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Fengjun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chunjuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lili
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Health Center of the Third Sanatorium, Jinan Military Area Command, Jinan, Shandong 250002, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xingye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Sixth Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250117, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Baosheng
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Hongjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China; Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250014, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
keywords: degree of differentiation; immunohistochemistry; lymph node metastasis; tumor suppressor candidate 3