title: Identification of wood-boring beetles (Cerambycidae and Buprestidae) intercepted in trade-associated solid wood packaging material using DNA barcoding and morphology.
abstract: Global trade facilitates the inadvertent movement of insect pests and subsequent establishment of populations outside their native ranges. Despite phytosanitary measures, nonnative insects arrive at United States (U.S.) ports of entry as larvae in solid wood packaging material (SWPM). Identification of wood-boring larval insects is important for pest risk analysis and management, but is difficult beyond family level due to highly conserved morphology. Therefore, we integrated DNA barcoding and rearing of larvae to identify wood-boring insects in SWPM. From 2012 to 2015, we obtained larvae of 338 longhorned beetles (Cerambycidae) and 38 metallic wood boring beetles (Buprestidae) intercepted in SWPM associated with imported products at six U.S. ports. We identified 265 specimens to species or genus using DNA barcodes. Ninety-three larvae were reared to adults and identified morphologically. No conflict was found between the two approaches, which together identified 275 cerambycids (23 genera) and 16 buprestids (4 genera). Our integrated approach confirmed novel DNA barcodes for seven species (10 specimens) of woodborers not in public databases. This study demonstrates the utility of DNA barcoding as a tool for regulatory agencies. We provide important documentation of potential beetle pests that may cross country borders through the SWPM pathway.
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.|Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yunke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nevada F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Trepanowski
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Molongoski
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.|Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Laredo, Texas, United States of America.
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Reagel
authors.affiliation: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Nogales, Arizona, United States of America.
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lingafelter
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.affiliation: Otis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health, Science and Technology, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America.
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D005843:Geography; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D019064:Product Packaging; D014481:United States; D014934:Wood / Q000469:parasitology*