title: Biological Activities of Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) Plant Extracts.
abstract: Asteraceae (Achillea millefolium and Calendula officinalis) and Lamiaceae (Melissa officinalis and Origanum majorana) extracts were obtained by applying two sequential extraction processes: supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide, followed by ultrasonic assisted extraction using green solvents (ethanol and ethanol:water 50:50). The extracts were analyzed in terms of the total content of phenolic compounds and the content of flavonoids; the volatile oil composition of supercritical extracts was analyzed by gas chromatography and the antioxidant capacity and cell toxicity was determined. Lamiaceae plant extracts presented higher content of phenolics (and flavonoids) than Asteraceae extracts. Regardless of the species studied, the supercritical extracts presented the lowest antioxidant activity and the ethanol:water extracts offered the largest, following the order Origanum majorana > Melissa officinalis ≈ Achillea millefolium > Calendula officinalis. However, concerning the effect on cell toxicity, Asteraceae (especially Achillea millefolium) supercritical extracts were significantly more efficient despite being the less active as an antioxidant agent. These results indicate that the effect on cell viability is not related to the antioxidant activity of the extracts.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Mónica R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: García-Risco
authors.affiliation: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Lamia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mouhid
authors.affiliation: Polytechnic University of Gomez Palacio (UPGOP), Durango, Mexico.
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salas-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Padilla
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santoyo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jaime
authors.affiliation: Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramírez de Molina
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain.|Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies on Food (IMDEA-Food), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reglero
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), Madrid, Spain. tiziana.fornari@uam.es.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fornari
mesh_terms: D031162:Achillea / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020838:Calendula / Q000737:chemistry*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D031334:Melissa / Q000737:chemistry*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D031341:Origanum / Q000737:chemistry*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
keywords: Achillea millefolium; Antioxidant; Antiproliferative; Calendula officinalis; Melissa officinalis; Origanum majorana