title: Adenosine generated by ectonucleotidases modulates the host immune system during visceral leishmaniasis.
abstract: Adenosine, an endogenous purine nucleoside is one such extracellular signaling molecule whose role in the regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines and immune pathogenicity in visceral leishmaniasis is indeterminate. Here, we have evaluated the adenosine in the plasma of 20 visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients during active disease and after successful treatment. We observed the elevated plasma adenosine during active VL disease (26.73±1.95μM) and the level subsides as the treatment progresses and falls to the normal level after successful treatment (4.32±0.45μM). We demonstrated a direct correlation between changes in the plasma adenosine level and the Th1/Th2 balance in VL patients and it was corroborated with in vitro experiment. Further, we delineated the molecular mechanism involved in the elevation of plasma adenosine during visceral leishmaniasis. Our results reveal that the elevated plasma adenosine level associated with pathogenicity and plays a critical role in skewing immune response from Th1 to Th2 type to influence the outcome of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; Department of Biotechnology, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
authors.lastname: Vijayamahantesh
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
authors.forename: Manas R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dikhit
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India.
authors.forename: Anshul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; Department of Pathology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
authors.forename: V N R
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India. Electronic address: drsbimal24@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sanjiva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bimal
mesh_terms: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000241:Adenosine / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000241:Adenosine
keywords: CD39; CD73; Ectonucleotidases; L. donovani; Plasma adenosine; Th1/Th2