title: Preferential recognition of auto-antibodies against 4-hydroxynonenal modified DNA in the cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The structural perturbations in DNA molecule may be caused by a break in a strand, a missing base from the backbone, or a chemically changed base. These alterations in DNA that occurs naturally can result from metabolic or hydrolytic processes. DNA damage plays a major role in the mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, aging and various other patho-physiological conditions. DNA damage can be induced through hydrolysis, exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive carbonyl metabolites including 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). 4-HNE is an important lipid peroxidation product which has been implicated in the mutagenesis and carcinogenesis processes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study examines to probe the presence of auto-antibodies against 4-hydroxynonenal damaged DNA (HNE-DNA) in various cancer subjects. In this study, the purified calf thymus DNA was damaged by the action of 4-HNE. The DNA was incubated with 4-HNE for 24 h at 37°C temperature. The binding characteristics of cancer auto-antibodies were assessed by direct binding and competitive inhibition ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DNA modifications produced hyperchromicity in UV spectrum and decreased fluorescence intensity. Cancer sera exhibited enhanced binding with the 4-HNE modified calf thymus DNA as compared to its native conformer. The 4-HNE modified DNA presents unique epitopes which may be one of the factors for the auto-antibody induction in cancer patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HNE modified DNA presents unique epitopes which may be one of the factors for the autoantibody induction in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faisal
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Uzma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Shahab
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Alatar
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.|Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Saheem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D001323:Autoantibodies; D004247:DNA; C427203:calf thymus DNA; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal
keywords: 
  DNA
  ; 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE); auto-antibody; cancer; glycation