title: Elevated fasting glucose and albuminuria may be a marker for all-cause mortality in Indigenous adults in North Queensland - a follow up study, 1998-2006.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document risk factors of all-cause mortality in a cohort of indigenous Australians from 23 communities of North Queensland during 1998-2006.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 2787 indigenous adults, baseline weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, lipids, gamma-glutamyl transferase, urine albumin creatinine ratio, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were measured in 1998-2000. Deaths were ascertained from State Registry of Deaths, hospitalization and clinical records till 2006. Mortality risk factors were assessed using a Cox proportional-hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The standardized all-cause mortality rate was 23.2/1000 person-years (95% CI 20.3-26.3/1000 pys). After adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity, baseline plasm fasting glucose >=5.5mmol/L was associated with a 50% increased risk of death (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.0). Albuminuria was associated with all-cause mortality with a hazards ratio of 1.4 for microalbuminuria (95% CI 1.0-1.9) and 2.6 (95% CI 1.8-3.7) for macroalbuminuria. Gamma-glutamyl transferase >=50IU was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality by 40% (95% CI 1.04-1.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fasting glycaemia, albuminuria, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, may be a marker for all-cause mortality within this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Population Health Research, University of South Australia, IPC CWE-48, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, Australia 5001. Electronic address: Ming.li@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Centre of Population Health Research, University of South Australia, IPC CWE-48, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, Australia 5001; Faculty of Medicine, Health & Molecular Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia 4870;. Electronic address: Robyn.McDermott@unisa.edu.au.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McDermott
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D015994:Incidence; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D015995:Prevalence; D011793:Queensland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; C554782:gamma-glutamyltransferase, human
keywords: Albuminuria; All-cause mortality; Fasting blood glucose; Gamma-glutamyl transferase; Indigenous Australians