title: Completion of the Chloroplast Genomes of Five ChineseJuglansand Their Contribution to Chloroplast Phylogeny.
abstract: JuglansL. (walnuts and butternuts) is an economically and ecologically important genus in the family Juglandaceae. AllJuglansare important nut and timber trees.Juglans regia(Common walnut),J. sigillata(Iron walnut),J. cathayensis(Chinese walnut),J. hopeiensis(Ma walnut), andJ. mandshurica(Manchurian walnut) are native to or naturalized in China. A strongly supported phylogeny of these five species is not available due to a lack of informative molecular markers. We compared complete chloroplast genomes and determined the phylogenetic relationships among the five ChineseJuglansusing IIumina sequencing. The plastid genomes ranged from 159,714 to 160,367 bp encoding 128 functional genes, including 88 protein-coding genes and 40 tRNA genes each. A complete map of the variability across the genomes of the fiveJuglansspecies was produced that included single nucleotide variants, indels (insertions and deletions), and large structural variants, as well as differences in simple sequence repeats (SSR) and repeat sequences. Molecular phylogeny strongly supported division of the five walnut species into two previously recognized sections (Juglans/DioscaryonandCardiocaryon) with a 100% bootstrap (BS) value using the complete cp genomes, protein coding sequences (CDS), and the introns and spacers (IGS) data. The availability of these genomes will provide genetic information for identifying species and hybrids, taxonomy, phylogeny, and evolution inJuglans, and also provide insight into utilization ofJuglansplants.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yiheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Keith E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Woeste
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Northwest University Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhao
keywords: China; butternut; chinese walnut; iron walnut; ma walnut; manchurian walnut; persian walnut; phylogeny