title: Visually evoked startle response in a patient with epilepsy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Both symptomatic and genetic, cases with hyperekplexia or startle seizures induced by acoustic stimuli, are previously reported. By contrast, startle response induced by visual stimuli is rare. While visual stimuli are more commonly associated with startle seizures, here we present an 11-year-old girl with epilepsy, motor-mental retardation, and spastic tetraparesis, who had repetitive startle responses by photic stimulation during the electroencephalogram recording, without any spike-and-wave discharges associated with the startles. We report this unique case with startle responses induced both by acoustic and photic stimuli and review the literature related to this exceptionally rare combination of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Burcu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zeydan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Veysi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Demirbilek
authors.affiliation: a Department of Neurology , Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey.
authors.forename: Aysin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dervent
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D002648:Child; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Startle response; electroencephalography; hyperekplexia; photic stimulation; seizure