title: The ethics of reporting all the results of clinical trials.
abstract: The terms 'publication bias' and 'reporting bias' describe aspects of a phenomenon by which data from trials are not publicized, and so remain inaccessible. This may generate a false impression about the world; but those facts may have important implications for clinical decisions. Thus, the bias may leave patients worse off than they might be.
  
  
  
  Published journal articles.
  
  
  
  There is general agreement that the phenomenon happens, and that to the extent that it happens, it is undesirable for moral rather than simply epistemic reasons.
  
  
  
  There is a growing demand across the board for data to be better publicized.
  
  
  
  There is room for further work on how protocols requiring that data be publicized might be enforced; should it be statutory, or non-statutory? Who should decide what should be made public? There is also room for work on what it is necessary to share, and on whether and how IP law should be reformed.
authors.affiliation: CSEP/School of Law, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brassington
mesh_terms: D022126:Access to Information / Q000941:ethics*; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000941:ethics*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D032984:Ethics, Research; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D017594:Publication Bias; D014342:Truth Disclosure / Q000941:ethics*
keywords: AllTrials; clinical trials; data-sharing; publication bias; reporting bias; research ethics