title: Recent clinical trials utilizing chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapies against solid tumors.
abstract: Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a series of manufactured receptors that have the capacity of binding to specific antigens expressed on surface of tumor cells. A CAR normally has an extracellular antigen recognition domain derived from single variable chain of a monoclonal antibody, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular T cell activation domain. During the last decade, CAR-T cells were demonstrated to possess great therapeutic effects on hematological malignancies. However, strategies using CAR-T cells to treat solid tumors have been hindered by considerable obstacles including "on tissue off target" effects and cytokine storm syndrome. This review will summarize the current understanding of CAR-T cell therapies and briefly describe the currently enrolled clinical trials in solid tumors.
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Shuanglin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Latchoumanin
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Guang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hebbard
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: George
authors.affiliation: Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Electronic address: liang.qiao@sydney.edu.au.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiao
mesh_terms: D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000639:trends*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000637:transplantation*
chemical_list: D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
keywords: Chimeric antigen receptor; Clinical trials; Immunotherapy; Modified T cells; Solid tumor