title: A laboratory assessment of the potential effect of Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj-containing Bt maize pollen on Folsomia candida by toxicological and biochemical analyses.
abstract: The common soil arthropod Folsomia candida can survive well when fed only maize pollen and thus may be exposed to insecticidal proteins by ingesting insect-resistant genetically engineered maize pollen containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins when being released into the soil. Laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the potential effects of Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj-producing transgenic Bt maize (Shuangkang 12-5) pollen on F. candida fitness. Survival, development, and the reproduction were not significantly reduced when F. candida fed on Bt maize pollen rather than on non-Bt maize pollen, but these parameters were significantly reduced when F. candida fed on non-Bt maize pollen containing the protease inhibitor E-64 at 75 μg/g pollen. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was not significantly reduced when F. candida fed on Bt maize pollen but was significantly reduced when F. candida fed on non-Bt maize pollen containing E-64. The activities of antioxidant-related enzymes in F. candida were not significantly affected when F. candida fed on Bt maize pollen but were significantly increased when F. candida fed on non-Bt pollen containing E-64. The results demonstrate that consumption of Bt maize pollen containing Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj has no lethal or sublethal effects on F. candida.
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Environment and Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China. Electronic address: zhouxiangdc@yahoo.com.cn.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Science and Technology Development Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
authors.forename: Yufa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: liyunhe@caas.cn.
authors.forename: Yunhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002681:China; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012987:Soil; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis
keywords: Bt maize pollen; Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj; ELISA; Environmental risk assessment; Enzyme activity; Non-target effects