title: Diversity and taxonomy ofChaetomiumand chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments.
abstract: During a study of indoor fungi, 145 isolates belonging toChaetomiaceaewere cultured from air, swab and dust samples from 19 countries. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2), ITS and 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA sequences, together with morphological comparisons with related genera and species, 30 indoor taxa are recognised, of which 22 represent known species, seven are described as new, and one remains to be identified to species level. In our collection, 69 % of the indoor isolates with six species cluster with members of theChaetomium globosumspecies complex, representingChaetomium sensu stricto. The other indoor species fall into nine lineages that are separated from each other with several known chaetomiaceous genera occurring among them. No generic names are available for five of those lineages, and the following new genera are introduced here:Amesiawith three indoor species,Arcopiluswith one indoor species,Collariellawith four indoor species,Dichotomopiluswith seven indoor species andOvatosporawith two indoor species. The generic concept ofBotryotrichumis expanded to includeEmilmuelleriaand the chaetomium-like speciesB. muromum(=Ch. murorum) in which two indoor species are included. The generic concept ofSubramaniulais expanded to include several chaetomium-like taxa as well as one indoor species.Humicolais recognised as a distinct genus including two indoor taxa. According to this study,Ch. globosumis the most abundantChaetomiaceaeindoor species (74/145), followed byCh. cochliodes(17/145),Ch. elatum(6/145) andB. piluliferum(5/145). The morphological diversity of indoorChaetomiaceaeas well as the morphological characteristics of the new genera are described and illustrated. This taxonomic study redefines the generic concept ofChaetomiumand provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships among different genera withinChaetomiaceae.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: X W
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houbraken
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Groenewald
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.affiliation: DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Crous
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Samson
keywords: Amesia X. Wei Wang, Samson & Crous; Amesia atrobrunnea (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Amesia cymbiformis (Lodha) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Amesia gelasinospora (Aue & Müller) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Amesia nigricolor (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Arcopilus X. Wei Wang, Samson & Crous; Arcopilus aureus (Chivers) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Arcopilus cupreus (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Arcopilus flavigenus (van Warmelo) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Arcopilus fusiformis (Chivers) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Arcopilus turgidopilosus (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Botryotrichum murorum (Corda) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Botryotrichum spirotrichum (R.K. Benjamin) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Chaetomiaceae; Chaetomium elatum Kunze; Chaetomium tectifimeti X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella X. Wei Wang, Samson & Crous; Collariella bostrychodes (Zopf) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella carteri X. Wei Wang, Houbraken & Samson; Collariella causiiformis (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella gracilis (Udagawa) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella quadrangulata (Chivers) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella robusta (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Collariella virescens (Arx) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus X. Wei Wang, Samson & Crous; Dichotomopilus dolichotrichus (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus erectus (Skolko & J.W. Groves) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus funicola (Cooke) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus fusus (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus indicus (Corda) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus pratensis (X.W. Wang & L. Cai) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus pseudoerectus X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus pseudofunicola X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus ramosissimus (X.W. Wang & L. Cai) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus reflexus (Skolko & J.W. Groves) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus subfunicola (X.W. Wang & L. Cai) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Dichotomopilus variostiolatus (Carter) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Humicola olivacea X. Wei Wang & Samson; Indoor species; Melanocarpus tardus X. Wei Wang & Samson; Morphological diversity; Ovatospora X. Wei Wang, Samson & Crous; Ovatospora brasiliensis (Batista & Pontual) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Ovatospora medusarum (Meyer & Lanneau) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Ovatospora mollicella (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Ovatospora pseudomollicella X. Wei Wang & Samson; Ovatospora senegalensis (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Ovatospora unipora (Aue & Müller) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Phylogeny; Subramaniula anamorphosa (S.A. Ahmed et al.) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Subramaniula cristata (Ames) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Subramaniula cuniculorum (Fuckel) X. Wei Wang & Samson; Subramaniula flavipila X. Wei Wang & Samson; Subramaniula fusispora (G. Smith) X. Wei Wang & Samson