title: Protective effects of exercise training on endothelial dysfunction induced by total sleep deprivation in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sleep loss is a risk factor for cardiovascular events mediated through endothelial dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine if 7weeks of exercise training can limit cardiovascular dysfunction induced by total sleep deprivation (TSD) in healthy young men.
  
  
  METHODS
  16 subjects were examined during 40-h TSD, both before and after 7weeks of interval exercise training. Vasodilatation induced by ACh, insulin and heat (42°C) and pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were assessed before TSD (controlday), during TSD, and after one night of sleep recovery. Biomarkers of endothelial activation, inflammation, and hormones were measured from morning blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before training, ACh-, insulin- and heat-induced vasodilatations were significantly decreased during TSD and recovery as compared with the control day, with no difference after training. Training prevented the decrease of ACh-induced vasodilation related to TSD after sleep recovery, as well as the PWV increase after TSD. A global lowering effect of training was found on HR values during TSD, but not on blood pressure. Training induces the decrease of TNF-α concentration after TSD and prevents the increase of MCP-1 after sleep recovery. Before training, IL-6 concentrations increased. Cortisol and testosterone decreased after TSD as compared with the control day, while insulin and E-selectin increased after sleep recovery. No effect of TSD or training was found on CRP and sICAM-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In healthy young men, a moderate to high-intensity interval training is effective at improving aerobic fitness and limiting vascular dysfunction induced by TSD, possibly through pro-inflammatory cytokine responses.(ClinicalTrial:NCT02820649).
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France. Electronic address: Fabien.sauvet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sauvet
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France; Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, France.
authors.forename: Pierrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
authors.forename: Pierre Emmanuel
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Tardo-Dino
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drogou
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Beers
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Clément
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bougard
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabat
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Garance
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dispersyn
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malgoyre
authors.affiliation: Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France; APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leger
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gomez-Merino
authors.affiliation: Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; Equipe VIFASOM (EA7330), Université Paris Descartes, Hôtel Dieu, France.
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chennaoui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Blood flow; Blood pressure; Endothelial function; Exercise training; Inflammation; Sleep deprivation