title: Erythropoietin and Nonhematopoietic Effects.
abstract: Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of red blood cell production. Since the 1990s, EPO has been used for the treatment of anemia associated with end-stage renal failure and chemotherapy. The erythropoietin receptors were found on other organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart and skin. In addition, it has been shown that many tissues produce and locally release EPO in response to hypoxic, biochemical and physical stress. In cellular, animal and clinical studies, EPO protects tissues from ischemia and reperfusion injury, has antiapoptotic effects and improves regeneration after injury. In this article, we mainly review the nonhematopoietic effects and new possible clinical indications for EPO.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universite of Montreal. Electronic address: alinekoui@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nekoui
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Gilbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blaise
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D004921:Erythropoietin
keywords: Antiapoptosis; Erythropoietin; Hypoxia-inducible factor; Nonhematopoietic; Tissue protection