title: [Pain therapy in small pets].
abstract: Although many advances in pain therapy have been made in recent years, pain therapy is more difficult in the small domestic animal than in cats and dogs. However, there is the ethical obligation that these animals also receive adequate pain therapy. An analgesic is rarely authorized for use in small pets, with pharmacological investigations often lacking and dosages frequently only determined empirically. The small size of the animals often requires a higher dose per kilogram bodyweight compared to cats and dogs. The dosage itself is also difficult to apply in small animals, because many analgesics must be diluted before their use. In addition, frequent manipulation of small animals for analgesic administration induces stress in the patient, which can intensify the pain. In the present article, those analgesics suitable for use in the small domestic animal are described and the indications for the use of the various types of analgesics are explained. A specialized section concentrates on pain detection and algesimetry in the small domestic animal. The detection of pain is much more difficult in small domestic animals. In the last few years so-called "grimace scales" have been developed which are used to assess the facial expression of the animals.
authors.affiliation: Prof. Dr. Sabine Tacke, Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Klinik für Kleintiere, Chirurgie, Veterinärmedizinische Anästhesiologie, Schmerztherapie und perioperative Intensivmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Straße 108, 35392 Gießen, E-Mail: Sabine.P.Tacke@vetmed.uni-giessen.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tacke
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gollwitzer
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grammel
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henke
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002682:Chinchilla; D006224:Cricetinae; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics
keywords: Analgesia; algesimetry; ferret; rabbit; rodents