title: Identification of Alternative Variants and Insertion of the Novel PolymorphicAluYl17inTSEN54Gene during Primate Evolution.
abstract: TSEN54encodes a subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, which catalyzes the identification and cleavage of introns from precursor tRNAs. Previously, we identified anAluSx-derived alternative transcript inTSEN54of cynomolgus monkey. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification andTSEN54sequence analysis of primate and human samples identified five novel alternative transcripts, including theAluSxexonized transcript. Additionally, we performed comparative expression analysis via RT-qPCR in various cynomolgus, rhesus monkey, and human tissues. RT-qPCR amplification revealed differential expression patterns. Furthermore, genomic PCR amplification and sequencing of primate and human DNA samples revealed thatAluSxelements were integrated in human and all of the primate samples tested. Intriguingly, in langur genomic DNA, an additionalAluYelement was inserted intoAluSxof intron eight ofTSEN54. The newAluYelement showed polymorphic insertion. Using standardized nomenclature forAlurepeats, the polymorphicAluYof the langurTSEN54was designated as being of theAluYl17subfamily. Our results suggest that integration of theAluSxelement inTSEN54contributed to diversity in transcripts and induced lineage- or species-specific evolutionary events such as alternative splicing and polymorphic insertion during primate evolution.
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ja-Rang
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3837-5540
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Je
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3371-9092
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Se-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Choe
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyeon-Mu
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sang-Rae
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Sun-Uk
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5168-6976
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Ji-Su
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Woong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4492-1085
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong-Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Youngjeon
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5387-3441
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeung Bae
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Philyong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5845-939X
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology (UST), Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyu-Tae
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8514-1758
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Chang