title: Effect of bovine oviductal extracellular vesicles on embryo development and qualityin vitro.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracellular vesicles (EV) from oviductal fluid (OF), either from the ampulla or isthmus, on the development and quality ofin vitro-cultured bovine embryos. Zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF + 3 mg/mL BSA) without calf serum (C- group), in the presence of 3 × 105EV/mL from ampullary or isthmic OF at either 1 × 104g(10 K) or 1 × 105g(100 K), and compared with SOF + 5% FCS (C+ group). OF-EV size and concentration were assessed by electron microscopy and nanotracking analysis system. Embryo development was recorded on Days 7-9, and blastocyst quality was assessed through cryotolerance and gene expression analysis. Lower blastocyst yield was observed on Day 7 in the C- and OF-EV groups (12.0-14.3%) compared with C+ (20.6%); however, these differences were compensated at Days 8 and 9 (Day 9: 28.5-30.8%). Importantly, the survival rate of blastocysts produced with isthmic 100 K OF-EV was higher than that of C+ and C- group at 72 h after vitrification and warming (80.1 vs 34.5 and 50.5% respectively,P< 0.05). In terms of gene expression, blastocysts produced in the presence of 100 K isthmic OF-EV upregulated the water channelAQP3andDNMT3AandSNRPNtranscripts compared with the C+, with the expression in C- being intermediate. The lipid receptorLDLRwas downregulated in C+ compared with all other groups. In conclusion, the addition of oviductal fluid extracellular vesicles from isthmus, toin vitroculture of bovine embryos in the absence of serum improves the development and quality of the embryos produced.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Ricaurte
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopera-Vasquez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamdi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Maillo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutierrez-Adan
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bermejo-Alvarez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel Ángel
authors.initials: MÁ
authors.lastname: Ramírez
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigacion Hospital Santa CristinaInstituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain.|Departamento de Biologia MolecularUAM/CBM-SO, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yáñez-Mó
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Reproduccion AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain drizos@inia.es.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rizos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000502:physiology*; D000067128:Extracellular Vesicles / Q000378:metabolism*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010057:Oviducts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers