title: Prevalence and Trends of HIV, Syphilis, and HCV in Migrant and Resident Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shandong, China: Results from a Serial Cross-Sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Migrant men who have sex with men (MSM) have a higher predisposition for HIV transmission. We aimed to determine and compare the prevalence and trends of HIV, Syphilis, and HCV between migrant and resident MSM in Shandong, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A serial cross-sectional study was conducted in eight cities in Shandong, China from 2010 to 2014. The surveys collected information on demographics, HIV-related knowledge, and HIV-related behaviors including the serologic status of HIV, syphilis, and HCV. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to determine differences between migrant and resident MSM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of HIV among the 15,705 MSM (14120 were resident, 1580 were migrant and 5 were missing) was 2.6%, with an increase of 1.0% in 2010 to 4.4% in 2014. Prevalence of HIV was higher among migrant MSMs (5.5%) compared to resident MSMs (2.3%). Compared to residents, migrants also had higher prevalence of syphilis (7.5% vs 4.9%) and HCV (1.1% vs 0.6%). We found that there was an increase in the proportion of migrant MSM engaging in anal sex [adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.41 in migrants vs 1.12 in residents], condom use during last anal sex (AOR = 1.14 in residents, P for trend = 0.32), consistent condom use (AOR = 1.04 residents, P for trend = 0.11) and drug use (AOR = 1.51 in migrants and 1.29 among residents). Except in the year 2011, receiving some health services in last year was significant for people who were HIV-positive compared to negative. (P for trend <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of HIV increased in resident as well as migrant MSMs. The migrant MSMs had higher STIs compared to resident MSMs and therefore, should be targeted for effective interventions aimed at reducing their risk behaviors. Deeper understanding of the role of migration in health issues is required for combating the persistently high and gradually increasing HIV burden in MSM in China.
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical College, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xiaorun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yaosheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: Public Health Foundation of India, IIPH-H, Bangalore, India.
authors.forename: Giridhara R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Guoyong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Meizhen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Project-China, University of North Carolina, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Institute of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Shandong Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Dianmin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Project-China, University of North Carolina, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Weiming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D021841:Safe Sex; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D013587:Syphilis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D055815:Young Adult