title: Effects of premedication with Pronase for endoscopic ultrasound of the stomach: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effects of premedication with Pronase for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) examination of the stomach.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, randomized and controlled clinical study. All patients were randomly assigned to either the Pronase group or placebo group. The pretreatment solution was a mixed solution of 20000 U of Pronase and 60 mL sodium bicarbonate solution in the Pronase group, while an equal amount of sodium bicarbonate solution was administered to the placebo group. All operators, image evaluators and experimental recorders in EUS did not participate in the preparation and allocation of pretreatment solution. Two blinded investigators assessed the obscurity scores for the EUS images according to the size of artifacts (including ultrasound images of the gastric cavity and the gastric wall). Differences in imaging quality, the duration of examination and the usage of physiological saline during the examination process between the Pronase group and the control group were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences existed in patient demographics between the two groups. For the gastric cavity, the Pronase group had significantly lower mean obscurity scores than the placebo group (1.0476 ± 0.77vs1.6129 ± 0.96, respectively,P= 0.000). The mean obscurity scores for the gastric mucosal surface were significantly lower in the Pronase group than the placebo group (1.2063 ± 0.90vs1.7581 ± 0.84, respectively,P= 0.001). The average EUS procedure duration for the Pronase group was 11.60 ± 3.32 min, which was significantly shorter than that of the placebo group (13.13 ± 3.81 min,P= 0.007). Less saline was used in the Pronase group than the placebo group, and the difference was significant (417.94 ± 121.38 mLvs467.42 ± 104.52 mL, respectively,P= 0.016).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The group that had Pronase premedication prior to the EUS examination had clearer images than the placebo group. With Pronase premedication, the examination time was shorter, and the amount of saline used during the EUS examination was less.
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Xin
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Guo-Xin Wang, Xiang Liu, Sheng Wang, Nan Ge, Jin-Tao Guo, Si-Yu Sun, Endoscopy Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China.
authors.forename: Si-Yu
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016477:Artifacts; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods*; D011402:Pronase / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D011402:Pronase
keywords: Artifacts; Endosonography; Pronase; Randomized controlled trial; Stomach