title: Factors associated with electronic cigarette use among current cigarette-smoking adolescents in the Republic of Korea.
abstract: Despite a rapid increase in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use and substantial dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among adolescents, little is currently known about adolescent e-cigarette use. Thus, this study aimed to investigate (a) rates of e-cigarette use and (b) significant factors associated with e-cigarette use among current cigarette users in adolescence.
  
  
  
  We analyzed secondary data collected from a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents. Our study sample included 6307 current smokers. Our dependent variable was e-cigarette use and consisted of three categories (nonuse, former use, and current use); independent variables included demographics, perceived stress, parental and friends' smoking, three characteristics of cigarette smoking, and other health risk behaviors. Descriptive statistics was used for the first aim; multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed for the second aim.
  
  
  
  Of current cigarette users, 20% smoked e-cigarettes in their lifetime but not within the past 30days (former users), and 42% smoked e-cigarettes in their lifetime and within the past 30days (current users). Both former and current e-cigarette use were significantly associated with male gender, higher grades, higher weekly allowance, residence in urban areas, friends' smoking, daily smoking, a higher number of cigarettes smoked, and quit attempts. In addition, current e-cigarette use was significantly associated with at-risk drinking, lifetime drug use, and lifetime sexual intercourse.
  
  
  
  E-cigarette use should be included in intervention strategies for smoking prevention and cessation. Strict regulations should be implemented in order to prohibit easy access to e-cigarettes and forbid advertising of e-cigarettes as well.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: spark@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Sunhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: rearte17@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Haein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: esther_min@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Soyoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D017678:Sex Distribution
keywords: Adolescence; Cigarette; Dual use; Electronic cigarette; Smoking