title: Hepatocellular carcinoma in identical twins in Chile: case report.
abstract: Liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common type of primary malignant liver tumour, with a typically poor prognosis, growing incidence and a well-documented relationship with chronic inflammation factors of the liver tissue. Despite the fact that family medical history has been identified as a risk factor for the development of HCC, its significance in terms of etiopathogenesis and prognosis is not well documented. With a view to contributing to this discussion, we will report the clinical case of two identical twins with HCC, both diagnosed within a short period of time, by providing relevant clinical data, and relating this to other medical literature reports that could contribute to a deeper understanding of this illness.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Investigational Cancer Drugs, Instituto Oncologico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caglevic
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, University of Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Shirley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Unit of Investigational Cancer Drugs, Instituto Oncologico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahave
authors.affiliation: Anatomical Pathology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Javiera
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: Early Drug Development Unit-Phase 1 Studies, University Hospital of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolfo
authors.affiliation: Oncólogo Médico Clínica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.affiliation: Radiation Oncology, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile; Instituto Oncològico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Providencia Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrasco
keywords: brothers; genetics; hepatocarcinoma (HCC); relatives; twins