title: Evaluation of 6 and 10 Year-Old Child Human Body Models in Emergency Events.
abstract: Emergency events can influence a child's kinematics prior to a car-crash, and thus its interaction with the restraint system. Numerical Human Body Models (HBMs) can help understand the behaviour of children in emergency events. The kinematic responses of two child HBMs-MADYMO 6 and 10 year-old models-were evaluated and compared with child volunteers' data during emergency events-braking and steering-with a focus on the forehead and sternum displacements. The response of the 6 year-old HBM was similar to the response of the 10 year-old HBM, however both models had a different response compared with the volunteers. The forward and lateral displacements were within the range of volunteer data up to approximately 0.3 s; but then, the HBMs head and sternum moved significantly downwards, while the volunteers experienced smaller displacement and tended to come back to their initial posture. Therefore, these HBMs, originally intended for crash simulations, are not too stiff and could be able to reproduce properly emergency events thanks, for instance, to postural control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mechanics, Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.|Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Laure-Lise
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Gras
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mechanics, Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stockman
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mechanics, Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brolin
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D057207:Child Restraint Systems; D003654:Deceleration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004630:Emergencies; D018594:Human Body; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008348:Manikins; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology