title: Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in triple negative breast cancer: New discoveries and practical insights for drug development.
abstract: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-20% of cases in breast cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of hormonal receptor+ and HER2+ breast cancers, there are no targeted therapies available for TNBC. Evidence supports that most patients with TNBC express the transmembrane Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). However, early phase clinical trials failed to demonstrate significant activity of EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we review the recent discoveries related to the underlying biology of the EGFR pathway in TNBC, clinical progress to date and suggest rational future approaches for investigational therapies in TNBC.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA. Electronic address: ricardo.costa@northwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Ami N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Cesar A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Santa-Maria
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine Cancer Research and Therapy Center and School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Devalingam
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Benedito A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Young Kwang
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cristofanilli
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Gradishar
authors.affiliation: Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Giles
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068818:Cetuximab / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods; D000077544:Panitumumab; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000378:metabolism; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D064726:Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000077544:Panitumumab; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C491743:MET protein, human; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000068818:Cetuximab
keywords: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; Targeted therapy; Triple negative breast cancer; mTOR