title: The Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Associations of Grief and Complicated Grief With Sleep Quality in Older Adults.
abstract: About 15% of grievers experience complicated grief. We determined cross-sectional and longitudinal relations of grief and complicated grief with sleep duration and quality in the general population of elderly adults.
  
  
  
  We included 5,421 men and women from the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study.
  
  
  
  The Inventory of Complicated Grief was used to define grief and complicated grief. We assessed sleep with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
  
  
  
  After 6 years, 3,511 (80% of survivors) underwent the follow-up interview. Complicated grief was cross-sectionally associated with shorter sleep duration and lower sleep quality. These associations were explained by the presence of depressive symptoms. The prospective analyses showed that sleep duration and sleep quality did not decline further during follow-up of persons who experienced grief or complicated grief.
  
  
  
  In community-dwelling, middle-aged and older adults, persons with normal and complicated grief had both a shorter sleep duration and a lower sleep quality, mainly explained by depressive symptoms. However, prospective analyses showed that sleep quality and sleep duration do not decline further in persons with normal grief and complicated grief.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milic
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saavedra Perez
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisette A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Zuurbier
authors.affiliation: b Department of Clinical and Health Psychology , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4125-4739
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boelen
authors.affiliation: c Department of Public Health , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rietjens
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.affiliation: a Department of Epidemiology , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|d Department of Psychiatry , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.|e Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Erasmus Medical Center , Rotterdam , The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tiemeier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006117:Grief; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology