title: 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Concentration Is Not Affected by Severe or Non-Severe Pneumonia, or Inflammation, in Young Children.
abstract: Poor vitamin D status has been associated with increased risk and severity of respiratory tract infections. Whether or not inflammation and infection affects 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration is controversial and is important in the interpretation of observational studies using plasma-25(OH)D as a biomarker for status. Our objectives were to measure whether 25(OH)D concentration was altered by an episode of acute lower respiratory tract infection and whether markers of inflammation predicted the 25(OH)D concentration. Children aged 2-35 months with severe (n =43) and non-severe (n =387) community-acquired, WHO-defined pneumonia were included. 25(OH)D concentration and inflammatory markers (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors) were measured in plasma during the acute phase and 14, 45, and 90 days later. Predictors for 25(OH)D concentrations were identified in multiple linear regression models. Mean 25(OH)D concentration during the acute phase and after recovery (14, 45, and 90 days) was 84.4 nmol/L ± 33.6, and 80.6 ± 35.4, respectively. None of the inflammatory markers predicted 25(OH)D concentration in the multiple regression models. Age was the most important predictor for 25(OH)D concentration, and there were no differences in 25(OH)D concentrations during illness and after 14, 45, and 90 days when adjusting for age. Infection and inflammation did not alter the 25(OH)D concentration in young children with acute lower respiratory tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Anders Sandvigs gt. 17, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway. johanne_haugen@hotmail.com.|Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Årstav. 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway. johanne_haugen@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Johanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, P.O. Box 21266, Sinamangal, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal. ram.chandyo@cih.uib.no.
authors.forename: Ram K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Chandyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, P.O. Box 1524, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal. manjeswori@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manjeswori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulak
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of Northern Norway, Sykehusv. 38, 9019 Tromsø, Norway. mathisen.maria@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, P.O. Box 1524, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal. sudhacbasnet@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Basnet
authors.affiliation: Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Dept. of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies v. 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway. karl.brokstad@k2.uib.no.
authors.forename: Karl A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Brokstad
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Statens Serum Institut, Artilleriv 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. pvb@ssi.dk.
authors.forename: Palle
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valentiner-Branth
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Maharajgunj, P.O. Box 1524, 44600 Kathmandu, Nepal. prakashsunder@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Prakash S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.affiliation: Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Anders Sandvigs gt. 17, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway. tors@me.com.|Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Årstav. 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway. tors@me.com.
authors.forename: Tor A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Strand
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009390:Nepal; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: Nepal; acute lower respiratory tract infection; children; inflammation; vitamin D