title: Expansion of CD11b+Ly-6C+myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) driven by galectin-9 attenuates CVB3-induced myocarditis.
abstract: Galectin-9 is known to play a role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity to ameliorate CVB3-induced myocarditis. In the present study, we found that galectin-9 induced the expansion of CD11b+Ly-6C+myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the heart from CVB3-infected mice. Adoptive transfer of CD11b+Ly-6C+MDSCs significantly alleviated myocarditis accompanied by increased Th2 and Treg frequency and anti-inflammatory cytokines expression in the heart tissue. Moreover, Ly6C+MDSCs, but not Ly6G+cells, expressed Arg-1 and NOS2, and suppressed CD4+T cell proliferation in vitro in an Arg-1-dependent mechanism; an event that was reversed with treatment of either an Arg-1 inhibitor or addition of excess l-arginine. Furthermore, Ly6C+MDSCs co-expressed higher levels of F4/80, Tim-3, and IL-4Rα, and had the plasticity to up-regulate NOS2 or Arg-1 in response to IFN-γ or IL-4 treatment. The present results indicate that galectin-9 expands CD11b+Ly-6C+MDSCs to ameliorate CVB3-induced myocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yingying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Mengying
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xueqin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zongsheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001 People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory of Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001 People's Republic of China. Electronic address: lvkun315@126.com.
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lv
mesh_terms: D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002469:Cell Separation; D003384:Coxsackievirus Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D037161:Galectins / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D000072737:Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000276:immunology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D037161:Galectins; C508186:galectin 9, mouse
keywords: CVB3; Galectin-9; MDSCs; Myocarditis