title: Association of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with recurrences in primary spontaneous pneumothorax.
abstract: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common benign problem. However, PSP recurrence is still a troublesome complication for most patients. This study intended to determine the role of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in type II pneumocytes of patients with PSP and its relation with recurrence. Ninety-one patients who had undergone needlescopic video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery wedge resection of lung with identifiable blebs for PSP were included in this study. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to measure the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in lung tissues of PSP patients. The results were further correlated with clinicopathological parameters and recurrence rates using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 for overall recurrence was analyzed by univariate and multivariable Cox regression model. IHC data revealed that MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining was predominantly observed in type II pneumocytes of patients with PSP. We found that MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in PSP, especially male PSP patients, was significantly correlated with recurrence. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were statistically significant risk factors for overall recurrence in PSP patients. Therefore, high expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in type II pneumocytes show a positive correlation with PSP recurrence risk. Further studies are needed to validate whether reduction of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression may be a promising way for decreasing the risk of PSP recurrence in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ying-Fong
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wen-Chin
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shah-Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chee-Yin
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Yii
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyng-Shiou F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Electronic address: yichen83@kmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Chen
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056809:Alveolar Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
chemical_list: C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
keywords: Matrix metalloproteinase; Pneumothorax; Recurrence; Type II pneumocyte