title: Effects of an adapted cardiac rehabilitation programme on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiac disease diagnosis.
abstract: To determine the effects of a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and haemostatic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  
  Observational cohort study examining effects of 12 weeks of exercise training in 23 subjects (13 men, 10 women; mean age of 56.1 ± 10.1 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects performed exercise training for 12 weeks [aerobic training 5 days/week, 70%-75% peak cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak) and resistance training 2-3 days/week, 60% of one repetition maximum]. Vascular stiffness (pulse-wave velocity), augmentation index, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and VO2peakwere measured pre- and post-exercise training. Secondary outcomes included heart rate variability and haemostatic measures.
  
  
  
  VO2peakincreased by 16% (20.1 ± 5.5 vs 23.2 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.002) and abdominal circumference was reduced (101.9 ± 13.3 vs 97.9 ± 12.7 cm, p < 0.03). Vascular function was improved including central arterial stiffness (central pulse-wave velocity: 8.44 ± 1.75 vs 8.02 ± 1.60 m/s, p = 0.026) and the aortic augmentation index (21.7 ± 10.6% vs 18.3 ± 12.6%, p = 0.005); peak calf vasodilatory reserve increased from 30.3 ± 10.6 mL/100 mL/min to 38.0 ± 15.3 mL/100 mL/min ( p = 0.04). No changes were seen in heart rate variability, blood lipids, glycated haemoglobin and C-reactive protein.
  
  
  
  A 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance training significantly reduces arterial stiffness and improves aerobic fitness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: 1 Langs Community Health Centre, Cambridge, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Anka P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brozic
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehab Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzolini
authors.affiliation: 2 Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehab Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.|3 Goldring Centre for High Performance Sport, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.|4 Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D000072038:Cardiac Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D063177:Pulse Wave Analysis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D055070:Resistance Training; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids
keywords: Exercise therapy; arterial stiffness; cardiac rehabilitation; type 2 diabetes