title: Time and Nanoparticle Concentration Affect the Extractability of Cu from CuO NP-Amended Soil.
abstract: We assess the effect of CuO nanoparticle (NP) concentration and soil aging time on the extractability of Cu from a standard sandy soil (Lufa 2.1). The soil was dosed with CuO NPs or Cu(NO3)2 at 10 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg of total added Cu, and then extracted using either 0.01 M CaCl2or 0.005 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) (pH 7.6) extraction fluid at selected times over 31 days. For the high dose of CuO NPs, the amount of DTPA-extractable Cu in soil increased from 3 wt % immediately after mixing to 38 wt % after 31 days. In contrast, the extractability of Cu(NO3)2was highest initially, decreasing with time. The increase in extractability was attributed to dissolution of CuO NPs in the soil. This was confirmed with synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure measurements. The CuO NP dissolution kinetics were modeled by a first-order dissolution model. Our findings indicate that dissolution, concentration, and aging time are important factors that influence Cu extractability in CuO NP-amended soil and suggest that a time-dependent series of extractions could be developed as a functional assay to determine the dissolution rate constant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.|Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Xiaoyu
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4072-9969
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.|Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Eleanor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spielman-Sun
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Sónia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.|Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5617-6521
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Casman
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.|Center for Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology (CEINT), Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
authors.forename: Gregory V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Lowry
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D053758:Nanoparticles; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D003300:Copper