title: The effects of perceived racism on psychological distress mediated by venting and disengagement coping in Native Hawaiians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have linked perceived racism to psychological distress via certain coping strategies in several different racial and ethnic groups, but few of these studies included indigenous populations. Elucidating modifiable factors for intervention to reduce the adverse effects of racism on psychological well-being is another avenue to addressing health inequities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the potential mediating effects of 14 distinct coping strategies on the relationship between perceived racism and psychological distress in a community-based sample of 145 Native Hawaiians using structural equation modeling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceived racism had a significant indirect effect on psychological distress, mediated through venting and behavioral disengagement coping strategies, with control for age, gender, educational level, and marital status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that certain coping strategies may exacerbate the deleterious effects of racism on a person's psychological well-being.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study adds Native Hawaiians to the list of U.S. racial and ethnic minorities whose psychological well-being is adversely affected by racism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA. kaholoku@hawaii.edu.
authors.forename: Joseph Keawe'aimoku
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kaholokula
authors.affiliation: Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Mapuana C K
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Antonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Claire K Townsend
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Ing
authors.affiliation: Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermosura
authors.affiliation: Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wills
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044468:Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander / Q000523:psychology*; D063505:Racism / Q000523:psychology*; D012938:Social Perception; D013315:Stress, Psychological
keywords: Coping; Discrimination; Native Hawaiian; Racism