title: Application of tissue-engineered bone grafts for alveolar cleft osteoplasty in a rodent model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The clinical standard for alveolar cleft osteoplasty is augmentation with autologous bone being available in limited amounts and might be associated with donor site morbidity. The aim of the present study was the creation of tissue-engineered bone grafts and their in vivo evaluation regarding their potential to promote osteogenesis in an alveolar cleft model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Artificial bone defects with a diameter of 3.3 mm were created surgically in the palate of 84 adult Lewis rats. Four experimental groups (n = 21) were examined: bovine hydroxyl apatite/collagen (bHA) without cells, bHA with undifferentiated mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), bHA with osteogenically differentiated MSC. In a control group, the defect remained empty. After 6, 9 and 12 weeks, the remaining defect volume was assessed by cone beam computed tomography. Histologically, the remaining defect width and percentage of bone formation was quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 12 weeks, the remaining defect width was 60.1% for bHA, 74.7% for bHA with undifferentiated MSC and 81.8% for bHA with osteogenically differentiated MSC. For the control group, the remaining defect width measured 46.2% which was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study design was suitable to evaluate tissue-engineered bone grafts prior to a clinical application. In this experimental set-up with the described maxillary defect, no promoting influence on bone formation of bone grafts containing bHA could be confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The creation of a sufficient tissue-engineered bone graft for alveolar cleft osteoplasty could preserve patients from donor site morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany. paula.korn@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korn
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hauptstock
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Range
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunert-Keil
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Winnie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pradel
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine "Carl Gustav Carus", Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D064728:Alveolar Bone Grafting / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D005269:Femur / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008903:Minerals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: C077540:Bio-Oss; D008903:Minerals
keywords: Alveolar cleft; Bovine bone substitute; Histomorphometry; Mesenchymal stromal cells; Tissue-engineered bone grafts