title: Echocardiographic approach to cardiac tamponade in critically ill patients.
abstract: Cardiac tamponade should be considered in a critically ill patient in whom the cause of haemodynamic shock is unclear. When considering tamponade, transthoracic echocardiography plays an essential role and is the initial investigation of choice. Diagnostic sensitivity of transthoracic echocardiography is dependent on image quality, and in some cases a transoesophageal approach may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Knowledge of the pathophysiology and echocardiographic features of cardiac tamponade are essential for the practicing Intensivist. This review presents an approach to the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac tamponade in critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland. Electronic address: pjmccanny@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCanny
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland; University College Dublin School of Medicine, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland. Electronic address: fcolreavy@mater.ie.
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Colreavy
mesh_terms: D002305:Cardiac Tamponade / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002309:Cardiology / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D016638:Critical Illness; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020519:Pericardiocentesis; D012119:Respiration; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
keywords: Cardiac tamponade; Critical care echocardiography; Haemodynamic instability; Pericardial effusion; Pericardiocentesis