title: A survey of membrane receptor regulation in valvular interstitial cells cultured under mechanical stresses.
abstract: Degenerative valvular diseases have been linked to the action of abnormal forces on valve tissues during each cardiac cycle. It is now accepted that the degenerative behavior of valvular cells can be induced mechanically in vitro. This approach of in vitro modeling of valvular cells in culture constitutes a powerful tool to study, characterize, and develop predictors of heart valve degeneration in vivo. Using such in vitro systems, we expect to determine the exact signaling mechanisms that trigger and mediate propagation of degenerative signals. In this study, we aim to uncover the role of mechanosensing proteins on valvular cell membranes. These can be cell receptors and triggers of downstream pathways that are activated upon the action of cyclical tensile strains in pathophysiological conditions. In order to identify mechanosensors of tensile stresses on valvular interstitial cells, we employed biaxial cyclic strain of valvular cells in culture and quantitatively evaluated the expression of cell membrane proteins using a targeted protein array and interactome analyses. This approach yielded a high-throughput screening of all cell surface proteins involved in sensing mechanical stimuli. In this study, we were able to identify the cell membrane proteins which are activated during physiological cyclic tensile stresses of valvular cells. The proteins identified in this study were clustered into four interactomes, which included CC chemokine ligands, thrombospondin (adhesive glycoproteins), growth factors, and interleukins. The expression levels of these proteins generally indicated that cells tend to increase adhesive efforts to counteract the action of mechanical forces. This is the first study of this kind used to comprehensively identify the mechanosensitive proteins in valvular cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA.
authors.forename: Mir S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA.
authors.forename: Xinmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, 6th St and Canton Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409-3121 USA. Electronic address: carla.lacerda@ttu.edu.
authors.forename: Carla M R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lacerda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D006351:Heart Valves / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000235:genetics*; D058628:Myofibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D061251:Primary Cell Culture; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013552:Swine; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D016207:Cytokines; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D040321:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3
keywords: Cell signaling/signal transduction; Mechanosensing; Valvular heart disease