title: The Use of E-Cigarettes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a consumer product whose benefits and risks are currently debated. Advocates of the "tobacco harm reduction" strategy emphasize their potential as an aid to smoking cessation, while advocates of the precautionary principle emphasize their risks instead. There have been only a few studies to date on the prevalence of e-cigarette use in Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  In May 2016, in collaboration with Forsa, an opinion research firm, we carried out a survey among 4002 randomly chosen persons aged 14 and older, asking them about their consumption of e-cigarettes with and without nicotine, reasons for using e-cigarettes, plans for future use, estimation of danger compared to that of tobacco products, smoking behavior, and sociodemographic features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1.4% of the respondents used e-cigarettes regularly, and a further 2.2% had used them regularly in the past. 11.8% had at least tried them, including 32.7% of smokers and 2.3% of persons who had never smoked. 24.5% of ex-smokers who had quit smoking after 2010 had used e-cigarettes at least once. 20.7% of the respondents considered electronic cigarettes less dangerous than conventional cigarettes, 46.3% equally dangerous, and 16.1% more dangerous. An extrapolation of these data to the general population suggests that about one million persons in Germany use e-cigarettes regularly and another 1.55 million have done so in the past.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The consumption of electronic cigarettes in Germany is not very widespread, but it is not negligible either. Nearly 1 in 8 Germans has tried e-cigarettes at least once. Regular consumers of e-cigarettes are almost exclusively smokers and ex-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Universitätsmedizin Mainz; Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt/Mainz.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blettner
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult