title: Chromosome Painting in Triatomine Insects Reveals Shared Sequences Between X Chromosomes and Autosomes.
abstract: In order to provide a broad picture on the origin and evolution of holocentric X chromosomes in heteropteran species, we prepared a sex chromosome painting probe by microdissection of the X1and X2chromosomes from a kissing bug Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae). Fluorescence in situ hybridization on four species of the Triatomini having different amounts of autosomal heterochromatin and sex chromosome systems show that the Xs probe hybridizes on the euchromatin, located both on autosomes and X chromosomes. The heterochromatic Y chromosome and autosomal heterochromatic regions always appear free of hybridization signals. The hybridization results of the Xs probe on Rhodnius prolixus (Rhodniini) is completely different to that observed in Triatomini species. The hybridization signals are small and scattered on all euchromatin, without specific regions including the X chromosome. These results are in accordance with previous data obtained by genomic in situ hybridization and fluorescent banding, suggesting a clear differentiation in the repeat sequence composition of both sex chromosomes between Triatomini and Rhodniini tribes. These results also support that each sex chromosome in Triatomini has evolved independently from different autosomal pairs of a common ancestor, as described in other insect orders.
authors.affiliation: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay (spita@fcien.edu.uy; fcopanzera@gmail.com).
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pita
authors.affiliation: Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay (spita@fcien.edu.uy; fcopanzera@gmail.com) fcopanzera@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panzera
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (abaca@ujaen.es; tpalome@ujaen.es; plorite@ujaen.es).
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (abaca@ujaen.es; tpalome@ujaen.es; plorite@ujaen.es).
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palomeque
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Experimental, Área de Genética, Universidad de Jaén, Av. Lagunillas s/n., 23071 Jaén, Spain (abaca@ujaen.es; tpalome@ujaen.es; plorite@ujaen.es).
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lorite
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020223:Chromosome Painting; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D014225:Triatominae / Q000235:genetics*; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006570:Heterochromatin; D019476:Insect Proteins
keywords: fluorescence in situ hybridization; holocentric chromosome; kissing bug; microdissection X chromosome; sex chromosome evolution