title: Activity Levels and Exercise Motivation in Patients With COPD and Their Resident Loved Ones.
abstract: Resident loved ones of patients with COPD can play an important role in helping these patients engage in physical activity. We aimed to compare activity levels and exercise motivation between patients with COPD and their resident loved ones; to compare the same outcome measures in patients after stratification for the physical activity level of the loved ones; and to predict the likelihood of being physically active in patients with a physically active resident loved one.
  
  
  
  One hundred twenty-five patient/loved one dyads were cross-sectionally and simultaneously assessed. Sedentary behavior, light activities, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured with a triaxial accelerometer during free-living conditions for at least 5 days. Five exercise-motivation constructs were investigated: amotivation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, and intrinsic regulation.
  
  
  
  Patients spent more time in sedentary behavior and less time in physical activity than their loved ones (P < .0001). More intrinsic regulation was observed in loved ones compared with patients (P = .003), with no differences in other constructs. Despite similar exercise motivation, patients with an active loved one spent more time in MVPA (mean 31 min/d; 95% CI, 24-38 min/d vs mean, 18 min/d; 95% CI, 14-22 min/d; P = .002) and had a higher likelihood of being active (OR, 4.36; 95% CI, 1.41-13.30; P = .01) than did patients with an inactive loved one after controlling for age, BMI, and degree of airflow limitation.
  
  
  
  Patients with COPD are more physically inactive and sedentary than their loved ones, despite relatively similar exercise motivation. Nevertheless, patients with an active loved one are more active themselves and have a higher likelihood of being active.
  
  
  
  Dutch Trial Register (NTR3941).
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands. Electronic address: rafaelmesquita14@ymail.com.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mesquita
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nienke
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakken
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Daisy J A
authors.initials: DJA
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Esther H A
authors.initials: EHA
authors.lastname: van den Bogaart
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jeannet M L
authors.initials: JML
authors.lastname: Delbressine
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes M N
authors.initials: JMN
authors.lastname: Essers
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zuyderland, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Vliet
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zuyderland, Sittard-Geleen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geeuwke J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.affiliation: Caphri School of Public Health and Primary Care, Department of Family Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jean W M
authors.initials: JWM
authors.lastname: Muris
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pitta
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Emiel F M
authors.initials: EFM
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.affiliation: Department of Research and Education CIRO, Horn, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Spruit
mesh_terms: D061725:Accelerometry; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015444:Exercise; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D057185:Sedentary Behavior; D018454:Spouses
keywords: COPD; family caregivers; outcome assessment; physical activity; sedentary lifestyle