title: Family Presence During Resuscitation: A Double-Edged Sword.
abstract: To illuminate the meaning of the lived experiences of resuscitation team members with the presence of the patient's family during resuscitation in the cultural context of Iran.
  
  
  
  An interpretative phenomenology was used to discover the lived experiences of the nurses and physicians of Tabriz hospitals, Iran, with family presence during resuscitation (FPDR). A total of 12 nurses and 9 physicians were interviewed over a 6-month period.
  
  
  
  The interviews were audio recorded and semistructured, and were transcribed verbatim. Van Manen's technique was used for data analysis.
  
  
  
  Two major themes and 10 subthemes emerged, including destructive presence (cessation of resuscitation, interference in resuscitation, disruption to the resuscitation team's focus, argument with the resuscitation team, and adverse mental image in the family) and supportive presence (trust in the resuscitation team, collaboration with the resuscitation team, alleviating the family's concern and settling their nerves, increasing the family's satisfaction, and reducing conflict with resuscitation team members).
  
  
  
  Participants stated that FPDR may work as a double-edged sword for the family and resuscitation team, hurting or preserving quality. It is thus recommended that guidelines be created to protect patients' and families' rights, while considering the positive aspects of the phenomenon for hospitals.
  
  
  
  A liaison support person would act to decrease family anxiety levels and would be able to de-escalate any potentially aggressive or confrontational events during resuscitation. Well-trained and expert cardiopulmonary resuscitation team members do not have any stress in the presence of family during resuscitation. Resuscitation events tend to be prolonged when family members are allowed to be present.
authors.affiliation: Associate Professor of Nursing, Centre of Qualitative Studies, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hassankhani
authors.affiliation: Professor of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zamanzadeh
authors.affiliation: Assistant Professor of Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Azad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rahmani
authors.affiliation: Doctoral Candidate in Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haririan
authors.affiliation: Senior Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000451:nursing; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008297:Male; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research
keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation; family presence; lived experience