title: Comparative effect of calcium and EDTA on arsenic uptake and physiological attributes of Pisum sativum.
abstract: In this study, we determined the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and calcium (Ca) on arsenic (As) uptake and toxicity to Pisum sativum. Plants were treated with three levels of As (25, 125, and 250 µM) in the presence and absence of three levels of Ca (1, 5, and 10 mM) and EDTA (25, 125, and 250 µM). Exposure to As caused an overproduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in roots and leaves, which induced lipid peroxidation and decreased pigment contents. Application of both Ca and EDTA significantly reduced As accumulation by pea, Ca being more effective in reducing As accumulation. Both Ca and EDTA enhanced As-induced H2O2production, but reduced lipid peroxidation. In the case of pigment contents, EDTA significantly reduced pigment contents, whereas Ca significantly enhanced pigment contents compared to As alone. The effect of As treatment in the presence and absence of EDTA and Ca was more pronounced in younger leaves compared to older leaves. The effect of amendments varied greatly with their applied levels, as well as type and age of plant organs. Importantly, due to possible precipitation of Ca-As compounds, the soils with higher levels of Ca ions are likely to be less prone to food chain contamination.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rafiq
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saliha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamshad
authors.affiliation: a Department of Environmental Sciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT) , Vehari , Pakistan.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan.|c MARUM and Department of Geosciences , University of Bremen , Bremen , Germany.|d Southern Cross GeoScience , Southern Cross University , Lismore , NSW , Australia.
authors.forename: Nabeel Khan
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Niazi
authors.affiliation: e Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail OrganisationPouvoir (CERTOP) , UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II , Toulouse Cedex 9 , France.
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumat
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002118:Calcium; D004492:Edetic Acid; D020387:Food Chain; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D018532:Pisum sativum
chemical_list: D004492:Edetic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D001151:Arsenic; D002118:Calcium
keywords: EDTA; Pisum sativum; ROS; arsenic; calcium; lipid peroxidation