title: Sickle Cell Disease with Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease: Long-Term Outcomes in 5 Children.
abstract: Sickle cell disease is a risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents in the pediatric population. This risk is compounded by hypoxemia. Cyanotic congenital heart disease can expose patients to prolonged hypoxemia. To our knowledge, the long-term outcome of patients who have combined sickle cell and cyanotic congenital heart disease has not been reported. We retrospectively reviewed patient records at our institution and identified 5 patients (3 girls and 2 boys) who had both conditions. Their outcomes were uniformly poor: 4 died (age range, 12 mo-17 yr); 3 had documented cerebrovascular accidents; and 3 developed ventricular dysfunction. The surviving patient had developmental delays. On the basis of this series, we suggest mitigating hypoxemia, and thus the risk of stroke, in patients who have sickle cell disease and cyanotic congenital heart disease. Potential therapies include chronic blood transfusions, hydroxyurea, earlier surgical correction to reduce the duration of hypoxemia, and heart or bone marrow transplantation.
authors.forename: Glen J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Iannucci
authors.forename: Olufolake A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adisa
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mahle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005845:Georgia; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology
keywords: Anemia, sickle cell/blood/complications/physiopathology/therapy; heart defects, congenital/complications/surgery; hemoglobin SC disease/complications; hemoglobin SS disease/complications; hemoglobin, sickle/analysis; infant, newborn; retrospective studies; stroke/etiology/prevention & control