title: Fabrication of paper devices via laser-heating-wax-printing for high-tech enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with low-tech pen-type pH meter readout.
abstract: In this work, a new method named laser-heating-wax-printing (LHWP) is described to fabricate paper devices for developing sensitive, affordable, user-friendly paper-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (P-ELISAs) that initially use common pen-type pH meters for portable, quantitative readout. The LHWP enables a rapid patterning of wax in paper via one step of heating the wax layer coated on the paper surface using a mini-type CO2laser machine. Wax-patterned paper microzones created in this way are utilized to conduct the pen-type pH meter-based P-ELISAs with enzyme-loaded SiO2microbeads for highly efficient signal amplification of each antibody-antigen binding event. The results show that this new P-ELISA system is quantitatively sensitive to the concentrations of a model protein analyte in buffer samples ranging from 12.5 to 200 pg mL-1, with a limit of detection of ca. 7.5 pg mL-1(3σ). Moreover, the satisfactory recovery results of assaying several human serum samples validate its feasibility for practical applications.
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shangwang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jinfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chaohong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hongcheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, P. R. China. Niejinfang@glut.edu.cn jianiy_15@163.com zy@glut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-9086
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010209:Paper; D011327:Printing; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D014885:Waxes
chemical_list: D014885:Waxes; D012822:Silicon Dioxide