title: Molecular Pathways: Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Cancer.
abstract: The aberrant activation of oncogenic signaling pathways is a universal phenomenon in cancer and drives tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. This abnormal activation of signaling pathways in cancer is due to the altered expression of protein kinases and phosphatases. In response to extracellular signals, protein kinases activate downstream signaling pathways through a series of protein phosphorylation events, ultimately producing a signal response. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) are a family of enzymes that hydrolytically remove phosphate groups from proteins. Initially, PTPs were shown to act as tumor suppressor genes by terminating signal responses through the dephosphorylation of oncogenic kinases. More recently, it has become clear that several PTPs overexpressed in human cancers do not suppress tumor growth; instead, they positively regulate signaling pathways and promote tumor development and progression. In this review, we discuss both types of PTPs: those that have tumor suppressor activities as well as those that act as oncogenes. We also discuss the potential of PTP inhibitors for cancer therapy.Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2136-42. ©2017 AACR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Lakshmi Reddy
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bollu
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazumdar
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Michelle I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Savage
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. phbrown@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Powel H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases