title: Glycative Stress and Its Defense Machinery Glyoxalase 1 in Renal Pathogenesis.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem around the world. Because the kidney plays a role in reducing glycative stress, renal dysfunction results in increased glycative stress. In turn, glycative stress, especially that due to advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and their precursors such as reactive carbonyl compounds, exacerbates chronic kidney disease and is related to premature aging in chronic kidney disease, whether caused by diabetes mellitus or otherwise. Factors which hinder a sufficient reduction in glycative stress include the inhibition of anti-glycation enzymes (e.g., GLO-1), as well as pathogenically activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and hypoxia in the kidney. Promising strategies aimed at halting the vicious cycle between chronic kidney disease and increases in glycative stress include the suppression of AGE accumulation in the body and the enhancement of GLO-1 to strengthen the host defense machinery against glycative stress.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. yohyrakawa-tky@umin.org.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. inagi-npr@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase
keywords: AGEs; ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) stress; GLO-1; chronic kidney disease; hypoxia