title: Polymer Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Biomedical Applications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research interest on the properties of polymer conjugated gold nanoparticle (GNP) in biomedicine is rapidly rising because of the extensive evidences for their unique properties. In the field of biomedicine, GNPs have been widely used because of their inertness and low levels of cytotoxicity. Therefore, when exposed to cells, they are less prone to exert damaging effects. GNPs are capable of being functionalized as desired and are ideal as they do not encourage undesired side reactions that might counter react with the intention of the functionalization. Biofouling is an occurrence that takes place at cellular and biological molecular level, binds non-specifically on the detection surface and forms a wrong output. This undesired incidence can be avoided by conjugating the surface of biomolecules with polymers. Densely packed repeating chains of polymers such as polyethylene glycol are capable of decreasing non-specific reactions. Applications of polymer conjugated GNPs in the field of biomedicine are as biosensors, delivery and therapeutic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Therefore, the properties and applications of polymer conjugated GNPs are studied widely as overviewed here.
authors.affiliation: School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anniebell
authors.affiliation: School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.|Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Subash C B
authors.initials: SCB
authors.lastname: Gopinath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D006046:Gold
keywords: Polyethylene glycol; biofouling; biomedical applications; biomedicine; gold nanoparticle; polymer.