title: Mesoporous activated carbon prepared from NaOH activation of rattan (Lacosperma secundiflorum) hydrochar for methylene blue removal.
abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization of biomass wastes presents a promising step in the production of cost-effective activated carbon. In the present work, mesoporous activated carbon (HAC) was prepared by the hydrothermal carbonization of rattan furniture wastes followed by NaOH activation. The textural and morphological characteristics, along with adsorption performance of prepared HAC toward methylene blue (MB) dye, were evaluated. The effects of common adsorption variables on performance resulted in a removal efficiency of 96% for the MB sample at initial concentration of 25mg/L, solution pH of 7, 30°C, and 8h. The Langmuir equation showed the best isotherm data correlation, with a maximum uptake of 359mg/g. The adsorbed amount versus time data was well fitted by a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The prepared HAC with a high surface area of 1135m2/g and an average pore size distribution of 35.5Å could be an efficient adsorbent for treatment of synthetic dyes in wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia; Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
authors.forename: Md Azharul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Baghdad, P.O. Box 47024, Aljadria, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Khanday
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asif
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: chbassim@usm.my.
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Hameed
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D028023:Arecaceae; D018533:Biomass; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D002606:Charcoal; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D008751:Methylene Blue
keywords: Activation; Adsorption; Biomass waste; Carbonization; Cationic dyes; Hydrochar