title: The biomedical piglet: establishing reference intervals for haematology and clinical chemistry parameters of two age groups with and without iron supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The similarities between swine and humans in physiological and genomic patterns, and the great correlation in size and anatomy, make pigs extremely useful in preclinical studies. New-born piglets can represent a model for congenital and genetic diseases in new-born children. It is known that piglets may have significant differences in clinicopathological results compared to adult pigs. Therefore, adult laboratory reference intervals cannot be applied to piglets. The aim of this study was to compare haematological and chemical variables in piglets of two ages and determinate age-related reference intervals for commercial hybrid young pigs. Blood samples were collected under general anaesthesia from 130 animals divided into five- (P5) and 30- (P30) day-old piglets. Only P30 animals were treated with parenteral iron after birth. Samples were analysed using automated haematology (ADVIA 2120) and chemistry analysers, and age-related reference intervals were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant higher values of RBC, Hb and HCT were observed in P30 animals when compared to P5, with an opposite trend for MCV. These results were associated with a reduction of the RBC regeneration process and the thrombopoietic response. The TSAT and TIBC were significantly higher in P30 compared to P5; however, piglets remained iron deficient compared to adult reference intervals reported previously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, this paper emphasises the high variability occurring in clinicopathological variables between new-born and 30-day-old pigs, and between piglets and adult pigs. This study provides valuable reference data for piglets at precise ages and could be used in the future as historical control improving the Reduction in animal experiments, as suggested by the 3Rs principle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ventrella
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy. f.dondi@unibo.it.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dondi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elmi
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giunti
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Noemi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Romagnoli
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forni
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bacci
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001772:Blood Cell Count / Q000662:veterinary*; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007267:Injections; D058085:Iron Compounds / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004573:Electrolytes; D006454:Hemoglobins; D058085:Iron Compounds; D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: ADVIA 2120; Clinical chemistry; Haematology; Reference intervals; Swine