title: Urogenital Tuberculosis.
abstract: Urogenital tuberculosis is the second most frequent form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Starting with a pulmonary focus, 2 to 20% of patients develop urogenital tuberculosis through hematogenous spread to the kidneys, prostate, and epididymis; through the descending collecting system to the ureters, bladder, and urethra; and through the ejaculatory ducts to the genital organs. Urogenital tuberculosis occurs at all age ranges, but it is predominant in males in their fourth and fifth decades. It is a serious, insidious disease, generally developing symptoms only at a late stage, which leads to a diagnostic delay with consequent urogenital organ destruction; there are reports of patients with renal failure as their initial clinical presentation. Although the condition has been long recognized by nephrologists, urologists, and infectious disease specialists, urogenital tuberculosis is still largely unknown. Even when suggestive findings such as hematuria, sterile pyuria, and recurrent urinary infections are present, we rarely remember this diagnostic possibility. Greater knowledge of the features of urogenital tuberculosis then becomes relevant and should emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Urologia and Department of Surgery/Urology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais-Brazil.
authors.forename: André A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antônio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lucon
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D014401:Tuberculosis, Urogenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents