title: Characterization of the synergistic interaction between Beauveria bassiana strain GHA and Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis applied against Colorado potato beetle larvae.
abstract: Studies were undertaken to further characterize the previously identified synergistic activity of Bacillus thuringiensis- and Beauveria bassiana-based biopesticides against Colorado potato beetle (CPB). A flowable concentrate of B. thuringiensis morrisoni strain tenebrionis (Bt) (Novodor® FC) and a wettable powder of B. bassiana strain GHA (Bb) (Mycotrol® 22WP) were applied against CPB larval populations infesting potato in field plots. Novodor FC and an oil-dispersion formulation of Bb (Mycotrol ES) were applied against second-instar CPB larvae on potted potato plants in greenhouse tests under low relative humidity (RH), variable-temperature conditions. Each pathogen was applied alone and in combination (tank-mixed) with the other pathogen. In the field tests, each biopesticide was also combined with the spray-carrier (formulation without active ingredient) of the other pathogen. Results from the greenhouse tests showed that under warm, dry conditions, low activity of Mycotrol was counterbalanced by high activity of the Novodor, and under cool, somewhat more humid conditions, low Novodor activity was balanced by high activity of Mycotrol, with the result being a constant level of synergism (CPB mortality ca. 20 percentage points higher than predicted by independent action). Similar levels of synergism were observed under the markedly different conditions of the field and greenhouse environments, and the synergism was confirmed as arising from interaction of the two micobes, as the Bt spray carrier had no significant effect on efficacy of the Mycotrol product and the Bb spray carrier had no effect on the efficacy of Novodor. The great capacity of these two control agents to act in concert to control CPB is well documented (the fast-acting, toxic Bt acting to protect potato crops from defoliation and the slow-acting Bb reducing survival to the adult stage). These finding further underscore the strong complementary action of these agents applied jointly against CPB.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States. Electronic address: steve.wraight@ars.usda.gov.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Wraight
authors.affiliation: Formerly USDA-ARS, R.W. Holley Center, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ramos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D052982:Beauveria; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides
keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis morrisoni; Beauveria bassiana; Interaction; Leptinotarsa decemlineata; Synergism