title: Acute kidney injury in Lagos: Pattern, outcomes, and predictors of in-hospital mortality.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pattern of acute kidney injury (AKI) differs significantly between developed and developing countries.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of th study was to determine the pattern and clinical outcomes of AKI in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of hospital records of all patients with a diagnosis of AKI over a 20-month period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 54 patients were reviewed. Information retrieved included, bio-data, etiology of AKI, results of laboratory investigations, and patient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Continuous data are presented as means while categorical data are presented as proportions. The Student's t-test was used to compare means while Chi-square test was used to compare percentages. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors that predicted in-hospital mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven (50%) of the patients were male. The mean age of the study population was 39.7 years ± 16.3 years. Sepsis was the etiology of AKI in 52.1% of cases. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 29.6%. Patients who died had a shorter mean duration of hospital stay (9.2 days vs. 33.9 days [P < 0.01]), lower mean serum bicarbonate (19.5 mmol/L vs. 22.9 mmmol/L [P = 0.02]), were more likely to be admitted unconscious (82.4% vs. 17.6% [P = 0.01]) and to have been admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (37.5% vs. 7.9% [P = 0.01]). In addition, when dialysis was indicated, patients who did not have dialysis were more likely to die (58.3% vs. 41.7% [P = 0.02]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pattern of AKI in this study is similar to that from other developing countries. In-hospital mortality remains high although most of the causes are preventable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Busari
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: C O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Amira
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Raji
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Braimoh
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome