title: How pacemakers work and simple programming: a primer for the non-electrophysiologist.
abstract: Paediatric pacemaker management is challenging because of the small patient size, complex cardiac anatomy, and unique programming considerations. Hardware placement options include epicardial and transvenous systems. When pacemaker malfunction is suspected, a systematic approach is required to determine whether there is malfunction in pacing, sensing, or no output due to hardware problem. In most cases, simple reprogramming may circumvent the problem and allow retention of the pacemaker system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology,The Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto,Ontario,Canada.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chiu-Man
mesh_terms: D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006327:Heart Block / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery*
keywords: Pacemaker; pacemaker lead; pulse generator