title: Screening and Identifying Antioxidative Components in Ginkgo biloba Pollen by DPPH-HPLC-PAD Coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS2.
abstract: The Ginkgo biloba is one of ancient trees that exists from billions of years ago, its leaf and nut are used as herbs and foods in China, while so far its pollen does not have any application except pollination. In order to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba pollen, and rapidly screen its antioxidative components, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging ability, total flavonoid, total phenol, and proanthocyanidin of Ginkgo biloba pollen were determined and compared with those of Ginkgo biloba leaf and nut, and the off-line DPPH-HPLC-PAD and HPLC-ESI-MS2 were applied for screening and identifying the antioxidant flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba pollen. The results showed that the DPPH scavenging ability of Ginkgo biloba pollen was much higher than Ginkgo biloba nut, but lower than Ginkgo biloba leaf, while the total content of flavonoid in Ginkgo biloba pollen was approximately 4.37 times higher than in Ginkgo biloba leaf. Further studies found that the major flavonol aglycone in Ginkgo biloba pollen was kaempferol, which accounted for 96.71% of the total aglycones (includes quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin), and the main flavonoid components in Ginkgo biloba pollen were flavonoid glycosides. Finally, ten antioxidant peaks were screened and identified to be flavonoids (including kaempferol and nine flavonoid glycosides), so flavonoids were likely to be the main antioxidant components in GP, and among them, three novel kaempferol glycosides (peaks 1, 2, and 3) were found in Ginkgo biloba pollen for the first time, which had never been found in Ginkgo biloba.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Jiying
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4310-6297
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Lenin's Hills, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Netrusov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Qingxin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/12 Lenin's Hills, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Danyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China.
authors.forename: Hailun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Yifen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl