title: A Prospective Examination of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness As Risk Factors for Suicide Ideation In Adult Outpatients Receiving Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior posits that 2 proximal, causal, and interactive risk factors must be present for someone to desire suicide: perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the predictive power of these 2 risk factors in a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 231 adult outpatients (age: mean = 38.1, standard deviation = 12.3) undergoing cognitive-behavioral therapy took part in a pretreatment and a midtreatment assessment after the 10th therapy session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and the interaction between these 2 risk factors did not add incremental variance to the prediction of midtreatment suicide ideation after controlling for age, gender, depression, hopelessness, impulsivity, lifetime suicide attempts, and pretreatment suicide ideation. The best predictor of midtreatment suicide ideation was pretreatment suicide ideation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results offer only limited support to the assumptions of the interpersonal theory of suicide.
authors.affiliation: Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teismann
authors.affiliation: University Leipzig.
authors.forename: Heide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Glaesmer
authors.affiliation: Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: von Brachel
authors.affiliation: Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siegmann
authors.affiliation: University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forkmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012929:Psychological Distance; D012307:Risk Factors; D059020:Suicidal Ideation
keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy; interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide; perceived burdensomeness; suicide ideation; thwarted belongingness