title: Scutellaria baicalensis Ameliorates Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing Inflammation In Vitro and In Vivo.
abstract: Scutellaria baicalensis has been widely used as both a dietary ingredient and traditional herbal medicine in Taiwan to treat inflammation, cancer, and bacterial and viral infections of the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. This paper aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of S. baicalensis. In HPLC analysis, the fingerprint chromatogram of the water extract of S. baicalensis (WSB) was established. The anti-inflammatory effects of WSB were inverstigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage (RAW264.7) in vitro and LPS-induced lung injury in vivo. WSB attenuated the production of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text], interleukin-[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text], and IL-6 in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with WSB markedly reduced the LPS-induced histological alterations in lung tissues. Furthermore, WSB significantly reduced the number of total cells and the protein concentration levels in the BALF. WSB blocked protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphorylation of I[Formula: see text]B-[Formula: see text] protein and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-induce lung injury was also blocked. This study suggests that WSB possesses anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, and the results suggested that WSB may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: * Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.|† School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jian-Jung
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: * Department of Chinese Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taichung Branch, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: † School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Heng-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: ‡ School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Ying
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: § School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chia
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: ¶ Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jeng-Shyan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: ‡ School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shyh-Shyun
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: § School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guan-Jhong
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D055371:Acute Lung Injury / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007249:Inflammation; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031364:Scutellaria baicalensis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; C587672:IL1B protein, mouse; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C499814:Scutellaria baicalensis extract; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C577686:interleukin-6, mouse; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C077623:Ptgs2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Acute Lung Injury; Lipopolysaccharide; MAPK; Nitric Oxide; Scutellaria baicalensis