title: Incidence and survival rates of ovarian cancer in low-income women in Sudan.
abstract: Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Little is known about the disease in Sudan. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the incidence rate, age and stage at diagnosis, and median survival time of patients presenting at the National Cancer Institute-University of Gezira (NCI-UG), Sudan. Data were collected in a prospective study of women with ovarian cancer over a period of eleven years of follow-up (between 2000 and 2011). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the distribution of the demographics of the sample. The direct method was used to compute the age-standardized rate (ASR) using data from the 1966 and 2000 World Standard Populations (WSPs). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival functions and the median survival time. Log-rank tests were used to statistically compare between the survival functions. There were steady increases in ovarian cancer incidence rates between 2000 and 2009, with a slight decline noted in 2010 and 2011. The patients' age range was 9-90. The age-specific incidence rate increased greatly in women aged 55 years or older. The majority of the patients had stage III or IV disease. The annual ASR using WSPs 1966 and 2000 as standard populations were 3.3 and 3.7 per 100,000 women, respectively. The median survival time was 31 months (95% confidence interval, 19-43). The 5-year cumulative survival rate was 38%. In Sudan, ovarian cancer affects postmenopausal women, akin to what is reported in the developed world with high incidence rates. Presenting with advanced stage disease is the predominant factor that results in a short survival time for women.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan.
authors.forename: Dafalla O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Abuidris
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Hsin-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan.
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elhaj
authors.affiliation: Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan.
authors.forename: Elgaylani Abdallah
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Eltayeb
authors.affiliation: Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Wad Madani, Sudan.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elsanousi
authors.affiliation: Wad Medani Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Wad Madani, Sudan.
authors.forename: Rehab S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ibnoof
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Sulma I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Mohammed
keywords: Africa; Gezira State; Sudan; age-standardized rate; ovarian cancer; papillary serrous cystadenocarcinoma; survival