title: Plantamajoside from Plantago asiatica modulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction by glyceraldehyde-induced AGEs via MAPK/NF-κB.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plantago asiatica has been traditionally used for traditional medicine around East Asia. Plantamajoside (PM), which is isolated from this plant, is known for biological properties including anti-inflammation and antioxidant activity. To demonstrate the biological activity of PM against endothelial dysfunction induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a cellular inflammatory mechanism system was evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained PM through previous research in our laboratory. We formed the AGEs from bovine serum albumin with glyceraldehyde in the dark for seven days. To confirm the modulation of the inflammatory mechanism in endothelial dysfunction, we quantified the various pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial dysfunction-related proteins in the HUVECs with Western blotting and with real-time and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-treatment with PM and AGEs significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, the PM treatment for down-regulated inflammatory signals and blocked monocyte adhesion on the HUVECs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theses results demonstrated that PM, as a potential natural compound, protects AGE-induced endothelial cells against inflammatory cellular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Rak
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Mi-Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: International Ginseng & Herb Research Institute, Geumsan-gu, Chungnam, 32724, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Oui
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.affiliation: Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13539, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yoonsook
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. kwangwon@korea.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D002417:Cattle; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005960:Glucosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D005985:Glyceraldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010943:Plantago / Q000737:chemistry*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005960:Glucosides; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028321:Plant Preparations; C421173:plantamajoside; D005985:Glyceraldehyde; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
keywords: Adhesion molecule; Advanced glycation end-products; Endothelial dysfunction; Monocyte adhesion; Plantamajoside