title: Nanomaterials as sorbents for sample preparation in bioanalysis: A review.
abstract: In recent years, application of nanomaterials as sorbent has gained the attention of researchers in bioanalysis. Different nanomaterials have been utilized as the sorbent in extraction techniques such as solid phase extraction, dispersive solid phase extraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, solid phase microextraction, dispersive μ-solid phase extraction, and stir bar sorptive extraction. In the present review, different nanomaterials which have recently been utilized as sorbent for bioanalysis are classified into six main groups, namely metallic, metallic and mixed oxide, magnetic, carbonaceous, silicon, and polymer-based nanomaterials. Application of these nanomaterials in different extraction techniques for bioanalysis has been reviewed. This study shows that magnetic nanomaterials have gained significant attention owing to their magnetic separation ability. In addition, the present review shows that there is a lack in the application of nanomaterials for on-line analysis procedures, most probably due to some intrinsic properties of nanomaterials such as spontaneous agglomeration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mazaher
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hatem
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Elmongy
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Tayyebeh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madrakian
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Electronic address: Mohamed.abdel-rehim@aces.su.se.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rehim
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D049329:Nanostructures; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011108:Polymers; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction
chemical_list: D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011108:Polymers
keywords: Bioanalysis; Microextraction techniques; Nanomaterials; Review; Sample preparation; Sorptive extraction