title: A Community-Based Randomized Trial of Hepatitis B Screening Among High-Risk Vietnamese Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of a community-based liver cancer prevention program on hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening among low-income, underserved Vietnamese Americans at high risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cluster randomized trial involving 36 Vietnamese community-based organizations and 2337 participants in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York City between 2009 and 2014. We randomly assigned 18 community-based organizations to a community-based multilevel HBV screening intervention (n = 1131). We randomly assigned the remaining 18 community-based organizations to a general cancer education program (n = 1206), which included information about HBV-related liver cancer prevention. We assessed HBV screening rates at 6-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intervention participants were significantly more likely to have undergone HBV screening (88.1%) than were control group participants (4.6%). In a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel analysis, the intervention effect on screening outcomes remained statistically significant after adjustment for demographic and health care access variables, including income, having health insurance, having a regular health provider, and English proficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A community-based, culturally appropriate, multilevel HBV screening intervention effectively increases screening rates in a high-risk, hard-to-reach Vietnamese American population.
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Grace X
authors.initials: GX
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Carolyn Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seals
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Ziding
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Yin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Ming Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Sarit A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Golub
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Minhhuyen T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Tam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.affiliation: Grace X. Ma, Brenda Seals, and Yin Tan are with the Center for Asian Health, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. Carolyn Y. Fang and Minhhuyen T. Nguyen are with the Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University Medical System, Philadelphia. Ziding Feng is with the Department of Biostatistics, Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston. Philip Siu is with Chinatown Medical Services, Philadelphia. Ming Chin Yeh is with the Nutrition Program, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY. Sarit A. Golub is with the Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York. Tam Tran is with the Viet Community, Asian American Buddhist Association, Philadelphia. Minqi Wang is with the School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park.
authors.forename: Minqi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001213:Asian; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014744:Vietnam / Q000208:ethnology