title: [Economic burden of esophageal cancer in China from 1996 to 2015: a systematic review].
abstract: Objective:To explore existing evidence of economic burden of esophageal cancer in China over the past 20 years.Methods:Based on PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang, literatures published from 1996 to 2015 were retrieved with the key words such as " economic burden" , "cost of illness" and so on. Then the information excerpted from those literatures were analyzed after several exclusionary procedures for non-esophageal cancer related literatures. The information about subjects and data source, methodology, main results were structurally abstracted and then analyzed. Quality assessments were conducted independently by two investigators using an 11-item instrument recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) for cross-sectional studies. All the expenditure data were calculated according to year-specific personal health care consumer price index (CPI) of China, the annual growth rate was calculated according to the average speed of growth.Results:A total of 23 studies (21 individual surveys and 2 population-based surveys) were included in the analysis, in which 12 were published over the past 5 years. Among the 21 individual surveys, 17 were hospital-based and the data were obtained through medical record review, and most of which only considered the direct medical economic burden (including the average overall expenditure per patient, per time and per diem). The median expenditure per patient during 1996-2011 ranged from 7 463 to 37 647 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 7.68%. The median medical expenditure per clinical visit during 1996-2013 ranged from 6 851 to 57 554 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 11.89%. The median medical expenditure per diem during 1996-2010 ranged from 225 to 1 319 yuan (RMB) and the average growth rate was 12.53%. The direct medical expenditure per clinical visit varied greatly with area, which were much higher in Beijing, Shanxi and Hubei. In both individual survey and population-based survey, less data about the direct non-medical expenditure and the influence of indirect expenditure on the economic burden were reported.Conclusion:Less data are available on economic burden of esophageal cancer in China over the past 20 years and the data's comparability are poor, especially in terms of population level or indirect burden. Direct medical expenditure is on the rise, and regional differences.
authors.affiliation: Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Department of Control and Prevention of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Xuzhou Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou 221002, China.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: H Y
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Medical Records Management Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
authors.forename: X P
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: S Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.affiliation: Henan Office for Cancer Control and Research, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
authors.forename: X B
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Office for Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Economic burden; Esophageal cancer; Expenditure; Systematic review