title: The forgottenCalonectriacollection: Pouring old wine into new bags.
abstract: The genusCalonectriawith itsCylindrocladiumasexual morphs has been subject to several taxonomic revisions in the past. These have resulted in the recognition of 116 species, of which all but two species (C. hederaeandC. pyrochroa) are supported by ex-type cultures and supplemented with DNA barcodes. The present study is based on a large collection of unidentifiedCalonectriaisolates that have been collected over a period of 20 years from various substrates worldwide, which has remained unstudied in the basement of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre. Employing a polyphasic approach, the identities of these isolates were resolved and shown to represent many new phylogenetic species. Of these, 24 are newly described, whileC. uniseptatais reinstated at species level. We now recognise 141 species that include some of the most important plant pathogens globally.
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wingfield
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Alfenas
authors.affiliation: CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Tree Protection Co-operative Programme, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Crous
keywords: C. amazoniensis L. Lombard & Crous; C. brasiliana L. Lombard & Crous; C. brassicicola L. Lombard & Crous; C. brevistipitata L. Lombard & Crous; C. cliffordiicola L. Lombard & Crous; C. ericae L. Lombard & Crous; C. indonesiana L. Lombard & Crous; C. lageniformis L. Lombard & Crous; C. machaerinae L. Lombard & Crous; C. multilateralis L. Lombard & Crous; C. paracolhounii L. Lombard & Crous; C. parva L. Lombard & Crous; C. plurilateralis L. Lombard & Crous; C. pseudoecuadoriae L. Lombard & Crous; C. pseudouxmalensis L. Lombard & Crous; C. putriramosa L. Lombard & Crous; C. stipitata L. Lombard & Crous; C. syzygiicola L. Lombard & Crous; C. tereticornis L. Lombard & Crous; C. terricola L. Lombard & Crous; C. tropicalis L. Lombard & Crous; C. uxmalensis L. Lombard & Crous; C. venezuelana L. Lombard Crous; Calonectria amazonica L. Lombard & Crous; Cryptic species; Cylindrocladium; Phylogeny; Taxonomy