title: Explosive Blast Loading on Human 3D Aggregate Minibrains.
abstract: The effects of primary explosive blast on brain tissue still remain mostly unknown. There are few in vitro models that use real explosives to probe the mechanisms of injury at the cellular level. In this work, 3D aggregates of human brain cells or brain microphysiological system were exposed to military explosives at two different pressures (50 and 100 psi). Results indicate that membrane damage and oxidative stress increased with blast pressure, but cell death remained minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Army, US Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, RDRL-WMM-G, Building 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, USA. nicole.e.zander.civ@mail.mil.
authors.forename: Nicole E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Zander
authors.affiliation: Department of the Army, US Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, RDRL-WMM-G, Building 4600, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, USA.
authors.forename: Thuvan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piehler
authors.affiliation: Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hogberg
authors.affiliation: Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pamies
mesh_terms: D001753:Blast Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Explosives; In vitro model; Induced pluripotent stem cells; Minibrain; Primary blast; Traumatic brain injury