title: A New Strategy for Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review of Microbial Biosorbents.
abstract: Persistent heavy metal pollution poses a major threat to all life forms in the environment due to its toxic effects. These metals are very reactive at low concentrations and can accumulate in the food web, causing severe public health concerns. Remediation using conventional physical and chemical methods is uneconomical and generates large volumes of chemical waste. Bioremediation of hazardous metals has received considerable and growing interest over the years. The use of microbial biosorbents is eco-friendly and cost effective; hence, it is an efficient alternative for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated environments. Microbes have various mechanisms of metal sequestration that hold greater metal biosorption capacities. The goal of microbial biosorption is to remove and/or recover metals and metalloids from solutions, using living or dead biomass and their components. This review discusses the sources of toxic heavy metals and describes the groups of microorganisms with biosorbent potential for heavy metal removal.
authors.affiliation: Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa. 28072693@g.nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Ayansina Segun
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ayangbenro
authors.affiliation: Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa. Olubukola.Babalola@nwu.ac.za.
authors.forename: Olubukola Oluranti
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Babalola
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy
keywords: bioremediation; biosorbent; biosorption; heavy metals; microorganisms; remediation