title: A Whole Genome DArTseq and SNP Analysis for Genetic Diversity Assessment in Durum Wheat from Central Fertile Crescent.
abstract: Until now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the Central Fertile Crescent (modern-day Turkey and Syria). Turkey and Syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. We planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the Central Fertile Crescent by genotyping based on DArTseq and SNP analysis. A total of 39,568 DArTseq and 20,661 SNP markers were used to characterize the genetic characteristic of 91 durum wheat land races. Clustering based on Neighbor joining analysis, principal coordinate as well as Bayesian model implemented in structure, clearly showed that the grouping pattern is not associated with the geographical distribution of the durum wheat due to the mixing of the Turkish and Syrian landraces. Significant correlation between DArTseq and SNP markers was observed in the Mantel test. However, we detected a non-significant relationship between geographical coordinates and DArTseq (r = -0.085) and SNP (r = -0.039) loci. These results showed that unconscious farmer selection and lack of the commercial varieties might have resulted in the exchange of genetic material and this was apparent in the genetic structure of durum wheat in Turkey and Syria. The genomic characterization presented here is an essential step towards a future exploitation of the available durum wheat genetic resources in genomic and breeding programs. The results of this study have also depicted a clear insight about the genetic diversity of wheat accessions from the Central Fertile Crescent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Science, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Faheem Shehzad
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7470-0080
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Baloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alsaleh
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Muhammad Qasim
authors.initials: MQ
authors.lastname: Shahid
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Science, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Vahdettin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Çiftçi
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of León, León, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: E Sáenz de Miera
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Faculty Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aasim
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Science, Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammad Azhar
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nadeem
authors.affiliation: Artuklu University Vocational Higher School of Kızıltepe, Mardin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Husnu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aktaş
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Özkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Çukurova, Adana, Turkey.
authors.forename: Rüştü
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hatipoğlu
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005843:Geography; D000069600:Plant Breeding; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013593:Syria; D014908:Triticum / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant