title: Multicenter prospective study on device-associated infection rates and bacterial resistance in intensive care units of Venezuela: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) findings.
abstract: Device-associated healthcare-acquired infections (DA-HAI) pose a threat to patient safety in the intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  
  A DA-HAI surveillance study was conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in two adult medical/surgical ICUs at two hospitals in Caracas, Venezuela, in different periods from March 2008 to April 2015, using the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) definitions and criteria, and INICC methods.
  
  
  
  We followed 1041 ICU patients for 4632 bed days. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) rate was 5.1 per 1000 central line days, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate was 7.2 per 1000 mechanical ventilator days, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate was 3.9 per 1000 urinary catheter days, all similar to or lower than INICC rates (4.9 [CLABSI]; 16.5 [VAP]; 5.3 [CAUTI]), and higher than CDC/NHSN rates (0.8 [CLABSI]; 1.1 [VAP]; and 1.3 [CAUTI]). Device utilization ratios were higher than INICC and CDC/NHSN rates, except for urinary catheter, which was similar to INICC. Extra length of stay was 8 days for patients with CLABSI, 9.6 for VAP and 5.7 days for CAUTI. Additional crude mortality was 3.0% for CLABSI, 4.4% for VAP, and 16.9% for CAUTI.
  
  
  
  DA-HAI rates in our ICUs are higher than CDC/NSHN's and similar to or lower than INICC international rates.
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Gabriel D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Empaire
authors.affiliation: Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo", Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Maria E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Guzman Siritt
authors.affiliation: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC), Buenos Aires, Argentina victor_rosenthal@inicc.org.
authors.forename: Victor D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Yvis
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Silvestre
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas Caracas, Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salinas
authors.affiliation: Hospital Militar "Dr. Carlos Arvelo", Caracas, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Nelva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orozco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D055499:Catheter-Related Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053717:Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology
keywords: Antibiotic resistance; Catheter-associated urinary tract infection; Central line-associated bloodstream infections; Healthcare-associated infection; Hospital infection; Ventilator-associated pneumonia