title: The traumatic potential of a projectile shot from a sling.
abstract: Herein, we analyze the energy parameters of stones of various weights and shapes shot from a sling and based on this data evaluate its traumatic potential. Four police officers proficient in the use of a sling participated in the trials. The following projectile types, shot using an overhead technique at a target 100m away were: round steel balls of different sizes and weights (24mm, 57g; 32mm, 135g; 38mm, 227g); different shaped stones weighing 100-150g and 150-200g and a golf ball (47g). Our data indicated that projectiles shot from unconventional weapons such as a sling, have serious traumatic potential for unprotected individuals and can cause blunt trauma of moderate to critical severity such as fractures of the trunk, limb, and facial skull bone, depending on the weight and shape of the projectile and the distance from the source of danger. Asymmetrically shaped projectiles weighing more than 100g were the most dangerous. Projectiles weighing more than 100g can cause bone fractures of the trunk and limbs at distances of up to 60m from the target and may cause serious head injuries to an unprotected person (Abbreviated Injury Scale 4-5) at distances up to 200m from the target. Due to the traumatic potential of projectiles shot from a sling, the police must wear full riot gear and keep at a distance of at least 60m from the source of danger in order to avoid serious injury. Furthermore, given the potential for serious head injuries, wearing a helmet with a visor is mandatory at distances up to 200m from the source of danger.
authors.affiliation: Headquarters of the Israeli National Police, R&D Division, Ramla, Israel. Electronic address: igorborovsky27@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Borovsky
authors.affiliation: Headquarters of the Israeli National Police, Jerusalem, Israel. Electronic address: sinkz@bezeqint.net.
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lankovsky
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. Electronic address: kleonid@bgu.ac.il.
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kalichman
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel. Electronic address: vbelkin@post.tau.ac.il.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belkin
mesh_terms: D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D060051:Occupational Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D016495:Police; D011482:Protective Devices; D054041:Weapons; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology*
keywords: Blunt trauma; Energy parameters; Injury criteria; Police protection; Sling stone; Traumatic potential