title: Kinetics Extraction Modelling and Antiproliferative Activity ofClinacanthus nutansWater Extract.
abstract: Clinacanthus nutansis widely grown in tropical Asia and locally known "belalai gajah" or Sabah snake grass. It has been used as a natural product to treat skin rashes, snake bites, lesion caused by herpes, diabetes, fever, and cancer. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to determine the maximum yield and time of exhaustive flavonoids extraction using Peleg's model and to evaluate potential of antiproliferative activity on human lung cancer cell (A549). The extraction process was carried out on fresh and dried leaves at 28 to 30°C with liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 mL/g for 72 hrs. The extracts were collected intermittently analysed using mathematical Peleg's model and RP-HPLC. The highest amount of flavonoids was used to evaluate the inhibitory concentration (IC50) via 2D cell culture of A549. Based on the results obtained, the predicted maximum extract density was observed at 29.20 ± 14.54 hrs of extraction (texhaustive). However, the exhaustive time of extraction to acquire maximum flavonoids content exhibited approximately 10 hrs earlier. Therefore, 18 hrs of extraction time was chosen to acquire high content of flavonoids. The best antiproliferative effect (IC50) on A549 cell line was observed at 138.82 ± 0.60µg/mL. In conclusion, the flavonoids content inClinacanthus nutanswater extract possesses potential antiproliferative properties against A549, suggesting an alternative approach for cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Farah Nadiah Mohd
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Fazil
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nur Syarafina Mohd
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Azzimi
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Badrul Hisham
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3295-9676
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Yahaya
authors.affiliation: Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurulain Atikah
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3947-5460
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kamalaldin
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Saiful Irwan
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1674-9820
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Zubairi
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D027901:Acanthaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014867:Water