title: Effect of Nanofeatured Topography on Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia/Alumina Nanocomposite on Osteogenesis and Osseointegration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic and osseointegration capability of the Ce-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (TZP)-based nanostructured zirconia/alumina composite (Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃) that was treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Osteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on acid-etched titanium (AETi) disks and Ce-TZP/Al₂O₃ disks without HF treatment (Zr[0%]), with 4% HF treatment (Zr[4%]), or with 55% HF treatment (Zr[55%]) for 24 hours, and biologic responses were compared among four conditions in vitro. Miniature implants of AETi and Zr(55%) were surgically placed in the femora of rats. Osseointegration was evaluated by a biomechanical push-in test after 2 and 4 weeks of healing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The surface of Zr(55%) rendered nanofeatured topography with a greater surface area and roughness, and extensive geographical undercut as ceria-zirconia crystal disappeared from the superficial layer and was similar to the surface morphology of biomineralized matrices. Culture studies showed that the attachment, proliferation, spread, and functional phenotypes of osteogenic cells, such as alkaline phosphatase activity and bone-related gene expression, were remarkably increased on the Zr(55%) surface. The strength of osseointegration measured using the biomechanical push-in test in a rat model was stronger for Zr(55%) implants than for AETi implants by 1.6 fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nanostructured Ce-TZP/ Al₂O₃ surface substantially enhanced the osteogenic response in vitro and the osseointegration capability in vivo, which suggest its potential clinical application as a novel implant material.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Iwasa
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tachi
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002563:Cerium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D053761:Nanocomposites; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C475766:Ce-TZP-Al2O3; D015921:Dental Implants; D003764:Dental Materials; D002563:Cerium; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid; C028541:zirconium oxide