title: Impact of Dental Fluorosis, Socioeconomic Status and Self-Perception in Adolescents Exposed to a High Level of Fluoride in Water.
abstract: Objective: To identify adolescents' self-perception of dental fluorosis from two areas with different socioeconomic levels.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 15-year-old youths by applying a questionnaire designed and validated to assess self-perceptions of dental fluorosis in two areas with different socioeconomic statuses (SESs). Fluorosis was clinically evaluated by applying the Thylstrup and Fejerkov (TF) index on the upper front teeth.Results: A total of 308 adolescents were included in the study. The medium-SES population, which was exposed to 2.5 ppm of fluoride in water, and the low-SES population, which was exposed to 5.1 ppm, presented the following levels of dental fluorosis: TF 2-3 (50%), TF 4-5 (45.6%) and TF 6-7 (4.4%) for medium SES and TF 2-3 (12.3%), TF 4-5 (67.1%) and TF 67 (20.6%) for low SES. A significant association was found between self-perception and dental fluorosis in those with medium and low SESs (p< 0.05). The multiple regression model found differences between TF levels and self-perception, with a 6-7 TF level for concerns about color (OR = 1.6), smile (OR = 1.2) and appearance (OR = 3.36).Conclusions: Self-perceptions of dental fluorosis affect adolescents such that adolescents with a medium SES have more negative perceptions than those with a low SES. Such perceptions increase as the TF index increases.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico. nmolina@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molina-Frechero
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, (UACH), Campus I Av. Universidad s/n, 31000 Chihuahua, Mexico. martina.nevarez@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nevarez-Rascón
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, (UACH), Campus I Av. Universidad s/n, 31000 Chihuahua, Mexico. alfredonevarez@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nevarez-Rascón
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango (UJED), Predio Canoas s/n, 34000 Durango, Mexico. rogegg@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Rogelio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: González-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico. meirigo@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors.forename: María Esther
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Irigoyen-Camacho
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Unidad Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04900 Ciudad de México, Mexico. tlsperez@correo.xoc.uam.mx.
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara (UdeG), Sierra mojada 950, 44340 Guadalajara Jalisco, Mexico. patologiabucal@live.com.mx.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López-Verdin
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Norte, Av. Universidad Anáhuac 46, 52786 Estado de Mexico, Mexico. ronellbologna@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Ronell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bologna-Molina
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010465:Perception; D015995:Prevalence; D012649:Self Concept; D012923:Social Class; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Thylstrup and Fejerkov index; adolescents; dental fluorosis; self-perception