title: The Differential Effects of Anesthetics on Bacterial Behaviors.
abstract: Volatile anesthetics have been in clinical use for a long period of time and are considered to be promiscuous by presumably interacting with several ion channels in the central nervous system to produce anesthesia. Because ion channels and their existing evolutionary analogues, ion transporters, are very important in various organisms, it is possible that volatile anesthetics may affect some bacteria. In this study, we hypothesized that volatile anesthetics could affect bacterial behaviors. We evaluated the impact of anesthetics on bacterial growth, motility (swimming and gliding) and biofilm formation of four common bacterial pathogens in vitro. We found that commonly used volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane affected bacterial motility and biofilm formation without any effect on growth of the common bacterial pathogens studied here. Using available Escherichia coli gene deletion mutants of ion transporters and in silico molecular docking, we suggested that these altered behaviors might be at least partly via the interaction of volatile anesthetics with ion transporters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koutsogiannaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaefers
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Babazada
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
authors.forename: Renyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuki
mesh_terms: D000777:Anesthetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001665:Binding Sites; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000378:metabolism; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008738:Methyl Ethers; C102839:NhaA protein, E coli; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D005408:Flagellin; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D015742:Propofol