title: Designing of ordered two-dimensional gold nanoparticles film for cocaine detection in human urine using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: A novel and rapid method to detect cocaine in human urine has been developed by using self-assembly ordered two dimensional (2D) gold nanoparticles (GNPs) film as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. In order to obtain high sensitivity, uniformity, and reproducibility of SERS platform, quasi-spherical, uniform GNPs were firstly synthesis using seed growth method, in which the GNPs have been functionalized with CTAB to form orderly close-packed GNPs film as SERS substrate. Importantly, the high-performance GNPs on solid substrates can produce a high yield of sub-10-nm gaps which can generate gigantic signals enhancement for analytes adsorbed GNPs surface. In view of the complex component of human urine, we develop a rapid and efficient pretreatment strategy for separation and purification of cocaine by using hexane extraction in real human urine samples within 3min. With the advantages of better extraction rates (>75%) examined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the excellent signal-to-noise ratio detected by SERS, our pretreatment procedure can efficiently lower the interference of complex biological components in urine. To reach on-spot analyzer, a handheld Raman spectrometer was used for feasible SERS detection of cocaine in real human urine. The favorable results demonstrated our pretreatment strategy combined with SERS platform will be a great prospective method toward rapid, reliable, and on-spot cocaine detection for public safety.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Xianghu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
authors.forename: Binbin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Institute of Forensic of Anhui Public Security Department, Hefei, 230061, China. Electronic address: xcqwendd2013@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Qiwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China. Electronic address: lbyang@iim.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Liangbao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D006586:Hexanes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D006046:Gold; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Cocaine; Liquid-liquid microextraction; Self-assembly; Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy; Urine