title: Organophosphate Esters in Sediment of the Great Lakes.
abstract: This is the first study on organophosphate ester (OPEs) flame retardants and plasticizers in the sediment of the Great Lakes. Concentrations of 14 OPEs were measured in three sediment cores and 88 Ponar surface grabs collected from Lakes Ontario, Michigan, and Superior of North America. The sum of these OPEs (Σ14OPEs) in Ponar grabs averaged 2.2, 4.7, and 16.6 ng g-1dw in Lakes Superior, Michigan, and Ontario, respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated statistically significant associations between logarithm concentrations of Σ14OPEs as well as selected congeners in surface grab samples and sediment organic carbon content as well as a newly developed urban distance factor. Temporal trends observed in dated sediment cores from Lake Michigan demonstrated that the recent increase in depositional flux to sediment is dominated by chlorinated OPEs, particularly tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP), which has a doubling time of about 20 years. Downward diffusion within sediment may have caused vertical fractionation of OPEs over time. Two relatively hydrophilic OPEs including TCPP had much higher concentrations in sediment than estimated based on equilibria between water and sediment organic carbon. Approximately a quarter (17 tonnes) of the estimated total OPE burden (63 tonnes) in Lake Michigan resides in sediment, which may act as a secondary source releasing OPEs to the water column for years to come.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Dandan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Jiehong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6115-4076
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: Zhuona
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret B
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9114-0230
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Soheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosseini
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Solidea M C
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bonina
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Rockne
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sturchio
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jingfu
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7134-7026
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.
authors.forename: An
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Guibin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004952:Esters; D005411:Flame Retardants; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D060106:Lakes; D010755:Organophosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical