title: Prophylactic and curative effect of rosemary leaves extract in a bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease without effective treatment. Rosemary is appreciated since ancient times for its medicinal properties, while biomolecules originated from the plant have an antioxidant and antifibrotic effect.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) leaves extract (RO) on bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were given a single dose of bleomycin (BLM, 4 mg/kg, intratracheal), while RO (75 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered 3 days later and continued for 4 weeks (BLM/RO1-curative group). Alternatively, RO was administered 2 weeks before BLM and continued 15 days thereafter (BLM/RO2-prophylactic group). Antioxidant activities of RO and lung tissues were studied by standard methods. Histological staining revealed lung architecture and collagen deposition. RO was characterized for its polyphenol content and by high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RO polyphenol content was 60.52 mg/g of dry weight, carnosic and rosmarinic acids being major components (6.886 and 2.351 mg/g). Antioxidant effect of RO (DPPH and FRAP assay) expressed as IC50values were 2.23 μg/mL and 0.074 μg/mL, respectively. In BLM/RO1 and BLM/RO2 lung architecture was less compromised compared to BLM, which was reflected in lower fibrosis score (2.33 ± 0.33 and 1.8 ± 0.32 vs 3.7 ± 0.3). Malondialdehyde levels were attenuated (141% and 108% vs 258% of normal value). Catalase and glutathione-S-transferase activities were normalized (103% and 117% vs 59%, 85% and 69% vs 23%, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RO has a protective effect against BLM-induced oxidative stress and lung fibrosis due to its phenolic compounds.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.|b Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bahri
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Ridha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ben Ali
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Khaoula
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gasmi
authors.affiliation: d Laboratory of Anatomy and Pathology , Abderhaman Mami Hospital , Ariana , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mlika
authors.affiliation: e Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Saloua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fazaa
authors.affiliation: f Laboratory of Eco-Process and Valorization of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants , Center for Biotechnology, Technopole Borj Cédria (CBBC) , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Riadh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ksouri
authors.affiliation: e Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Science of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.|g High School of Health Sciences , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Raja
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serairi
authors.affiliation: a Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis , University of Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia.
authors.forename: Saloua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jameleddine
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels , Belgium.
authors.forename: Vadim
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shlyonsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027542:Rosmarinus / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D001761:Bleomycin; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: Polyphenols; antifibrotic; antioxidant; high-performance liquid chromatography