title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolatedSalmonellastrains used in preparation ofSalmonellaantigens in Egypt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of locally isolatedSalmonellastrains (SalmonellaPullorum,SalmonellaEnteritidis, andSalmonellaTyphimurium) from poultry used in the preparation ofSalmonellaantigens in Egypt.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phenotypic characterization ofSalmonellastrains was done using standard microbiological, biochemical, and serological techniques. Molecular identification was done using different sets of primers on different genes using different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The phenotypic characterization ofSalmonellastrains was confirmed. Molecular identification revealed detection of 284 bp fragment of InvA gene in all studiedSalmonellastrains. Furthermore, multiplex PCR was used for more confirmation of beingSalmonellaspp., generally at 429 bp as well as genotyping ofSalmonellaTyphimurium andSalmonellaEnteritidis at 559 and 312 bp, respectively, in one reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The locally isolated fieldSalmonellastrains were confirmed phenotypically and genotypically to beSalmonellaEnteritidis, andSalmonellaTyphimurium and could be used for the preparation ofSalmonellaantigens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacterial Sera and Antigens Research, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hazem Mohammed
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Genetic Engineering Research Department, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Dalia Ahmed Mohammed Abd
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: El-Moaty
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory for Evaluation of Veterinary Biologics, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hanan Ali
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mona Ibrahim
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: El-Enbaawy
keywords: Salmonella spp; characterization; duplex polymerase chain reaction; multiplex polymerase chain reaction