title: Comparison of prognostic indices in patients who undergo melanoma brain metastasis radiosurgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to use 4 prognostic indices to compare survival times of patients who underwent Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to treat melanoma brain metastases. METHODS The authors analyzed 422 consecutive patients (1440 brain metastases) who underwent Gamma Knife SRS. The median total brain tumor volume was 4.7 cm3(range 0.3-69.3 cm3), and the median number of metastases was 2 (range 1-32). One hundred thirty-two patients underwent whole-brain radiation therapy. Survival times were compared using recursive partitioning analysis (RPA), the Score Index for Radiosurgery (SIR), the Basic Score for Brain Metastases (BSBM), and the Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment (DS-GPA). RESULTS The overall survival times after SRS were compared. With the RPA index, survival times were 2.6 months (Class III, n = 27), 5.5 months (Class II, n = 348), and 13.0 months (Class I, n = 47). With the DS-GPA index, survival times were 2.8 months (Scores 0-1, n = 67), 4.2 months (Scores 1.5-2.0, n = 143), 6.6 months (Scores 2.5-3.0, n = 111), and 9.4 months (Scores 3.5-4.0, n = 101). With the SIR, survival times were 3.2 months (Scores 0-3, n = 56), 5.8 months (Scores 4-7, n = 319), and 12.7 months (Scores 8-10, n = 47). With the BSBM index, survival times were 2.6 months (BSBM0, n = 47), 5.4 months (BSBM1, n = 282), 11.0 months (BSBM2, n = 86), and 8.8 months (BSBM3, n = 7). The DS-GPA index was the most balanced by case numbers in each class and provided the overall best prognostic index for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The DS-GPA index proved most balanced and predictive of survival for patients with melanoma who underwent SRS as part of management for brain metastases. Patients whose DS-GPA score was ≥ 2.5 had predictably improved survival times after SRS.
authors.affiliation: Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.|3Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, and.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine,5University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and.
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morales-Restrepo
authors.affiliation: 6Department of Neurological Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Aditya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.affiliation: Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.affiliation: Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.
authors.forename: Seyed H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Mousavi
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Hematology/Oncology.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.affiliation: 4Division of Hematology/Oncology.
authors.forename: Ahmad A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tarhini
authors.affiliation: Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.|2Radiation Oncology.|3Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, and.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Flickinger
authors.affiliation: Departments of1Neurological Surgery and.|3Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery, and.
authors.forename: L Dade
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Lunsford
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D060787:Neoplasm Grading; D011379:Prognosis; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
keywords: BSBM = Basic Score for Brain Metastases; Basic Score for Brain Metastases; DS-GPA = Diagnosis-Specific Graded Prognostic Assessment; Gamma Knife; Graded Prognostic Assessment; HR = hazard ratio; KPS = Karnofsky Performance Scale; MST = median survival time; OS = overall survival; RPA = recursive partitioning analysis; SIR = Score Index for Radiosurgery; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery; Score Index for Radiosurgery; WBRT = whole-brain radiation therapy; brain metastases; melanoma; oncology; recursive partitioning analysis; stereotactic radiosurgery