title: Dietary α-cyclodextrin reduces atherosclerosis and modifies gut flora in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.
abstract: α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD), a cyclic polymer of glucose, has been shown to lower plasma cholesterol in animals and humans; however, its effect on atherosclerosis has not been previously described.
  
  
  
  apoE-knockout mice were fed either low-fat diet (LFD; 5.2% fat, w/w), or Western high fat diet (21.2% fat) containing either no additions (WD), 1.5% α-CD (WDA); 1.5% β-CD (WDB); or 1.5% oligofructose-enriched inulin (WDI). Although plasma lipids were similar after 11 weeks on the WD vs. WDA diets, aortic atherosclerotic lesions were 65% less in mice on WDA compared to WD (P < 0.05), and similar to mice fed the LFD. No effect on atherosclerosis was observed for the other WD supplemented diets. By RNA-seq analysis of 16S rRNA, addition of α-CD to the WD resulted in significantly decreased cecal bacterial counts in genera Clostridium and Turicibacterium, and significantly increased Dehalobacteriaceae. At family level, Comamonadaceae significantly increased and Peptostreptococcaceae showed a negative trend. Several of these bacterial count changes correlated negatively with % atherosclerotic lesion and were associated with increased cecum weight and decreased plasma cholesterol levels.
  
  
  
  Addition of α-CD to the diet of apoE-knockout mice decreases atherosclerosis and is associated with changes in the gut flora.
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Boris L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Vaisman
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Marcelo J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amar
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Seth G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Thacker
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Xue
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Xujing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Yubo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: DNA Sequencing and Genomics Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Lita A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.affiliation: Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Cardio-Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.|Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Alan T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Remaley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002432:Cecum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000074085:Mice, Knockout, ApoE; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D047391:alpha-Cyclodextrins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C031215:betadex; C032613:alpha-cyclodextrin
keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cyclodextrin; Dietary fiber; Gut flora