title: Outcome of nonunion fractures in dogs treated with fixation, compression resistant matrix, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the use of compression resistant matrix (CRM) infused with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) prospectively in the healing of nonunion long-bone fractures in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A longitudinal cohort of dogs that were presented with nonunion fractures were classified and treated with CRM soaked with rhBMP-2 and fracture fixation. They were followed with serial radiographs and evaluated for healing times and complications according to the time frame and definitions previously established for orthopaedic clinical cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven nonunion fractures in nine dogs were included. Median healing time was 10 weeks (range: 7-20 weeks). Major perioperative complications due to bandage morbidity were encountered in two of 11 limbs and resolved. All other complications were minor. They occurred perioperatively in eight of 11 limbs. Minor follow-up complications included short-term in one of two limbs, mid-term in one of three, and long-term in four of five limbs. Nine limbs returned to full function and two limbs returned to acceptable function at the last follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nonunion fractures given a poor prognosis via standard-of-care treatment were successfully repaired using CRM with rhBMP-2 accompanying fixation. These dogs, previously at high risk of failure, returned to full or acceptable function.
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Massie
authors.affiliation: Amy S. Kapatkin, DVM, MS, Dip ACVS, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, Davis, CA 95616, United States, Phone: +1 530 752 6787, Fax: +1 530 7526042, E-mail: askapatkin@ucdavis.edu.
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kapatkin
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Frank J M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Verstraete
authors.forename: Boaz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004343:Drug Implants; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D005599:Fractures, Ununited / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015503:Surgical Sponges; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D004343:Drug Implants; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C499469:recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2
keywords: BMP-2; Bone regeneration; bone morphogenetic protein 2; compression resistant matrix; nonunion