title: The effects of effleurage hand massage on anxiety and pain in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of effleurage hand massage performed by trained volunteers on reducing anxiety and pain in patients receiving treatment at a chemotherapy center in Fort Wayne, Ind., as measured by heart rate, respiratory rate, BP, visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A), and visual analogue scale for pain (VAS-P).
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers trained in effleurage massage gave 10-minute hand massages to 24 patients at the beginning of their chemotherapy session. Baseline and post-treatment vital signs were collected. Patients completed VAS-A and VAS-P scales before massage and after the chemotherapy session. Analysis of premassage and post-treatment data was performed using one-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant reductions were noted in systolic BP (z=-1.66, P<0.05), heart rate (z=-3.902, P<0.001), VAS-A (z=-3.91, P<0.001), and VAS-P (z=-3.49, P<0.001); no significant difference was found for diastolic BP (P=0.47) or respiratory rate (P=0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients receiving chemotherapy, effleurage hand massages performed by trained volunteers effectively reduced anxiety and pain similar to previously reported results with massages administered by massage therapists. These findings could have important future implications, allowing for training of family members and caregivers in the technique of effleurage massage.
authors.affiliation: At the time this manuscript was written, Monica E. Gensic and Brandy R. Smith were students in the PA program at the University of Saint Francis in Fort Wayne, Ind., and Dawn M. LaBarbera was an associate professor and chair of the PA program at the University of St. Francis. Ms. Gensic now practices trauma surgery at Lutheran Health and Ms. Smith practices internal medicine at Reliant Healthcare, both in Indiana. Ms. LaBarbera is director of the developing PA program at Trine University in Angola, Ind. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
authors.forename: Monica E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gensic
authors.forename: Brandy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: LaBarbera
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006225:Hand; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008405:Massage / Q000379:methods*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D056152:Respiratory Rate; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents