title: Aflatoxin M1in human breast milk in Shahrekord, Iran and association with dietary factors.
abstract: This survey was conducted to determine the occurrence and levels of aflatoxin M1(AFM1) in 250 breast milk samples of lactating mothers, obtained from urban and rural regions of Shahrekord, Iran. Moreover, the association between AFM1occurrence levels and dietary factors was assessed. AFM1analysis was carried out using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique for screening and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for confirmatory purposes. The toxin was detected in 39 samples (15.6%), ranging from 11.1 to 39.3 ng/l, of which 8 samples (3.2%) had levels above the Iranian national standard limit (25 ng/l). AFM1occurrence and levels in breast milk samples obtained from rural regions were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those obtained from urban ones. It might be due to the different dietary patterns in these regions. It was found that dietary habits with more tendencies to consume bread, rice and non-alcoholic beer beverage significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the risk of AFM1occurrence in breast milk. In addition, higher consumption of bread, olive and traditional cream significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) the levels of AFM1in breast milk samples. Further investigations should be performed to determine more precisely the association between AFM1occurrence and dietary factors and also the risk of infant exposure to this mycotoxin.
authors.affiliation: a Clinical Biochemistry Research Center , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.|b Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jafari
authors.affiliation: c Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Shahrekord University , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Aziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fallah
authors.affiliation: d Social Health Determinants Research Center , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Soleiman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kheiri
authors.affiliation: e Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Abdolmajid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fadaei
authors.affiliation: a Clinical Biochemistry Research Center , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Sayed Asadollah
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016607:Aflatoxin M1 / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001939:Bread; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D031658:Olea; D012275:Oryza; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D016607:Aflatoxin M1
keywords: Aflatoxin M1; Iran; breast milk; dietary factors