title: Exercise capacity, physical activity, and morbidity.
abstract: Muscle weakness and atrophy are key characteristics of the aging adult but can also be found in chronically ill patients with heart failure, cancer, renal failure, and chronic infectious diseases all associated with an accelerated level of muscle dysfunction. Reduced physical activity levels and exercise intolerance increase muscle loss and decrease quality of life in both the aging and heart failure populations. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of aging and heart failure on skeletal muscle function and how exercise training can improve long-term outcomes associated with skeletal muscle dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
authors.forename: Danielle L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brunjes
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kennel
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Medical Care, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, Jena, 07747, Germany. christian.schulze@med.uni-jena.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christian Schulze
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D002100:Cachexia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D014943:Global Health; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D012307:Risk Factors; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation
keywords: Cachexia; Heart failure; Sarcopenia