title: Diversity of DNA viruses in effluents of membrane bioreactors in Traverse City, MI (USA) and La Grande Motte (France).
abstract: This study assesses diversity of DNA viruses in the effluents of two membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs): an MBR in the United States and an MBR in France. Viral diversity of these effluents is compared to that of a conventional activated sludge WWTP in the U.S. Diversity analysis indicates Herpesvirales to be the most abundant order of potentially pathogenic human DNA viruses in wastewater treated effluent in all utilities. Other potentially pathogenic human viruses detected include Adenoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Polyomaviridae. Bacteriophage order Caudovirales comprises the majority of DNA virus sequences in the effluent of all utilities. The choice of treatment process (MBR versus activated sludge reactor) utilized had no impact on effluent DNA viral diversity. In contrast, the type of disinfection applied had an impact on the viral diversity present in the effluent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Mariya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heran
authors.affiliation: Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR-5635, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lesage
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
authors.forename: Volodymyr V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Tarabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA. Electronic address: xagorara@msu.edu.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Xagoraraki
mesh_terms: D019149:Bioreactors / Q000821:virology*; D002947:Cities; D004267:DNA Viruses; D006801:Humans; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012722:Sewage
keywords: Membrane bioreactor; Metagenomics; Viruses; Wastewater treatment