title: Intermittent catheterization acceptance test (I-CAT): A tool to evaluate the global acceptance to practice clean intermittent self-catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In certain cases, a patient's anxiety, fear, or misconceptions can represent significant obstacles to the learning of Clean Intermittent Self Catheterization (CISC), and little is known about these psychological barriers. The aim of the present study is thus to construct and validate an "Intermittent Catheterization Acceptance Test (I-CAT)" to evaluate the psychological acceptance of CISC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A study was carried out in nine neuro-rehabilitation and urology departments in French university hospitals. Fifty-five items were identified, following a comprehensive review of the literature and cognitive debriefing interviews with patients. Following an initial expert panel meeting (EPM) with a French-speaking neuro-urology study group (GENULF), this list was refined and reduced to a draft I-CAT comprising 34 items. The face validity of the draft I-CAT was determined, and the results were then analyzed in a second EPM, leading to the elaboration of a second version of the I-CAT (23 items, 5 dimensions). Psychometric validation of this second version was established from a longitudinal, non-randomized study involving 201 neurological and non-neurological patients. Linguistic validation was carried out in English.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the construct validity analyses, several items were deleted due to item overlap, ceiling effects, or poor content validity and 14 items were retained. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that this version has 2 dimensions. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93. The ICC demonstrated good test-retest reliability and satisfactory responsiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The upstream identification and solving of potential psychological barriers prior to the learning of CISC could improve patients' acceptance of this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC 01, GREEN, Group of Clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Neuro-urologie et Explorations Périnéales, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amandine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guinet-Lacoste
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, Hôpital Kerpape Ploemeur, Ploemeur, France.
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kerdraon
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Unité de Recherche Clinique (URCEST), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.affiliation: Pôle MPR Saint Hélier, Rennes, France.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallien
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR Centre Calvé Berck, Berck, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Gabriel
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Previnaire
authors.affiliation: Service de MPR, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Perrouin-Verbe
authors.affiliation: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC 01, GREEN, Group of Clinical Research in Neuro-Urology, Paris, France.|AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Neuro-urologie et Explorations Périnéales, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057928:Intermittent Urethral Catheterization / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011128:Polyradiculopathy / Q000150:complications; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: acceptance; clean intermittent self catheterization; questionnaire