title: Adjuvant-active aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. improve immune responses through TLR4 signaling pathway.
abstract: Activating innate immunity by an adjuvant is required in vaccine development. The study aims to investigate adjuvant effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) in vivo and in vitro. ICR mice were subcutaneously administered with antigen and AEAR at various doses to evaluate their immune responses of antibodies, dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), splenic lymphocyte, and cytokine. The evaluation results showed that AEAR could largely increase titers of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a) and T cell proliferation. AEAR also increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8+T cells as well as IL-4 and INF-γ expression in CD4+T cells. Expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were significantly elevated, whereas the Treg frequency was significantly decreased. AEAR (200μg) showed remarkable adjuvant activity. Furthermore, AEAR enhanced MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression as well as the yields of TNF-α and IL-12 on DCs through toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in vitro. Those results indicated that AEAR could serve as an efficacious immune stimulator for vaccines because it significantly enhanced specific immune responses by promoting DCs maturation and reduced Treg through TLR4 signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China. Electronic address: xjzal@163.com.
authors.forename: Ailian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiumei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China.
authors.forename: Danyang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Lab of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019306:Artemisia / Q000737:chemistry*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D010936:Plant Extracts; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D010047:Ovalbumin
keywords: Adjuvant effect; Aqueous extract; Artemisia rupestris L.; Dendritic cells; TLR4