title: Usefulness of human papillomavirus detection in oral rinse as a biomarker of oropharyngeal cancer.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The detection of human papillomavirus (HPV)-DNA in oral rinse with auto-nested GP5+/GP6 + PCR is useful as a biomarker of oropharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to determine the usefulness of oral rinse to detect HPV-DNA as a biomarker of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ten patients with various head and neck diseases, including 19 patients with OPC, were enrolled. Oral rinse and tonsillar swab were collected, and auto-nested GP5+/GP6 + PCR for HPV-DNA was performed. For oropharyngeal cancer, p16 immunostaining was also conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of HPV-DNA detection in both oral rinse and tonsillar swab was significantly higher in OPC compared with non-OPC upper respiratory tract cancer and non-cancer diseases. HPV-DNA was detected in oral rinse in nine out of 12 p16-positive OPC cases, while none of the p16-negative OPC cases demonstrated detectable HPV-DNA. All p16-positive cases were also positive for HPV-DNA in tumor tissue. Based on p16 immunostaining, the sensitivity and specificity of HPV-DNA detection in oral rinse were 75% and 100%, respectively. Among eight of nine evaluable OPC cases positive for HPV-DNA in oral rinse at diagnosis, HPV-DNA was undetectable in oral rinse in seven cases after treatment.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.|b Department of Otolaryngology , Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murono
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Otolaryngology , Toyama City Hospital , Toyama , Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.affiliation: a Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D061809:Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*
keywords: Human papillomavirus; auto-nested PCR; biomarker; oral rinse; oropahryngeal cancer