title: Associations of Maternal Leptin with Neonatal Adiposity Differ according to Pregravid Weight.
abstract: During pregnancy, maternal circulating leptin is released by maternal adipose tissue and the placenta, and may have a role in fetal development.
  
  
  
  We investigated maternal leptinemia and glycemia associations with neonatal adiposity, taking into account pregravid weight status.
  
  
  
  We included 235 pregnant women from the Genetics of Glucose Regulation in Gestation and Growth prospective cohort with data: blood samples collected during the 2nd trimester, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the measured leptin and glucose levels. As an integrated measure of maternal leptin exposure, we calculated the area under the curve for maternal leptin at the OGTT (AUCleptin). Within 72 h of delivery, we measured the triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses (SFTs); the sum of these SFTs represented neonatal adiposity. We conducted a regression analysis to assess the maternal metabolic determinants of neonatal adiposity, adjusting for parity, smoking status, maternal triglyceride levels, gestational weight gain, placental weight, delivery mode, neonate sex, and gestational age at delivery.
  
  
  
  The pregravid BMI of the participating women was 23.3 (21.2-27.0). In the 2nd trimester, maternal AUCleptin was 1,292.0 (767.0-2,222.5) (ng × min)/mL, and fasting glucose levels were 4.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L. At delivery, the neonatal sum of 4 SFTs was 17.9 ± 3.3 mm. Higher maternal leptinemia was associated with higher neonatal adiposity (β = 4.23 mm [SE = 1.77] per log-AUCleptin; p = 0.02) in mothers with a BMI ≥25, independently of confounders and maternal glycemia, but not in mothers with a BMI <25. Higher maternal fasting glucose was associated with higher neonatal adiposity (β = 0.88 mm [SE = 0.30] per SD glucose; p = 0.005) in mothers with a BMI <25, independently of confounders and maternal leptinemia.
  
  
  
  Maternal leptinemia may be associated with neonatal adiposity in offspring from overweight/obese mothers, independently of maternal glycemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Patenaude
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lacerte
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: Laetitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guillemette
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doyon
authors.forename: Marie-Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Battista
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ménard
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ardilouze
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perron
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hivert
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin
keywords: Fetal programming; Maternal glucose; Maternal leptin; Maternal pregravid weight; Neonatal adiposity; Prospective cohort