title: Magnolin inhibits prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnolin is the most active ingredient in the herb Magnolia fargesii, which has been traditionally used in oriental medicine to treat headaches and nasal congestion. Recent researches demonstrate that Magnolin inhibits cancer cell migration and invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used cell culture and the BALB/c nu/nu mouse xenograft model to investigate whether or not magnolin can inhibit the growth of PC3 and Du145 prostate cancer cells. MTT assay and flow cytometry were performed to estimate the proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis of the cells in vitro. Clone formation assay was also conducted. In the animal study, Ki-67 immunostaining and TUNEL assay were carried out to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. To elucidate the possible mechanism by which magnolin attenuates prostate cancer cell growth, we estimated the expression levels of Akt/p-Akt, P53, P21, BCL-2, and cleaved Caspase3 by using Western blot 48h after magnolin-treatment of the cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Magnolin inhibited the proliferation and viability of the tumor cells by triggering cell cycle arrest via P53/P21 activation and inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Magnolin downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt protein kinase and upregulated cleaved Caspase3 during anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnolin may be a novel medicine for prostate cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Yeqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. Electronic address: zgyseu@126.com.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Anhui provincial hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China. Electronic address: xjdoctor@126.com.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D059447:Cell Cycle Checkpoints / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D017705:Lignans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D017705:Lignans; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C094148:magnolin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D053148:Caspase 3
keywords: Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Magnolin; P53; Proliferation; Prostate cancer