title: In-vivo assesment of the genotoxic and oxidative stress effects of particulate matter on Echinogammarus veneris.
abstract: Seven types of atmospheric dusts (road dust, soil dust, brake dust, desert dust, pellet ash and coke and certified material NIST1648a - urban dust) have been tested for their genotoxicity on specimens of Echinogammarus veneris, a small aquatic amphipod. Experiments were carried out in vivo, by exposing the animals for 24 h to water containing 25 mg/L of dust. Each dust has been chemically analyzed for ions, elemental carbon, organic carbon and for the soluble and insoluble fractions of elements. Non-specific damages to DNA have been evaluated by the comet test, while oxidative damages have been estimated by coupling the comet test with formamido pyrimidine DNA glycosylase reaction. The animal tissues have been acid digested and analyzed for their elemental content to evaluate the bioaccumulation. All the considered dusts have caused a significant non-specific DNA damage, while the oxidative stress was shown only by dust types containing high concentration of elements. Furthermore, the oxidative damage has shown a positive correlation with the total bio-accumulated elemental concentration. For all the dust samples, the correlation with bio-accumulation in the tissues was more satisfactory for the insoluble fraction than for the soluble fraction of elements. Elements contained in solid particles seem then to be the main responsible bioaccumulation and for the oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcoccia
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ronci
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Matthaeis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Setini
authors.affiliation: C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perrino
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; C.N.R. Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Via Salaria, Km 29,300, Monterotondo St., 00015 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: silvia.canepari@uniroma1.it.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canepari
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D033304:Amphipoda / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D000818:Animals; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: Bio-accumulation; Comet test; Elemental solubility; Formamido pyrimidine DNA glycosylase; PM chemical composition