title: Current Understanding of the Hypothalamic Ghrelin Pathways Inducing Appetite and Adiposity.
abstract: Ghrelin is a multifaceted regulator of metabolism. Ghrelin regulates energy balance in the short term via induction of appetite and in the long term via increased body weight and adiposity. Recently, several central pathways modulating the metabolic actions of ghrelin were unmasked, and it was shown to act through different hypothalamic nuclei to induce feeding. Ghrelin also modulates glucose homeostasis, but the central mechanisms responsible for this action have not been studied in detail. Although ghrelin also acts through extrahypothalamic areas to promote feeding, this review specifically dissects hypothalamic control of ghrelin's orexigenic and adipogenic actions and presents current understanding of the intracellular ghrelin orexigenic pathways, including their dependence on other relevant systems implicated in energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CiMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain. Electronic address: omar.al-massadi@usc.es.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Al Massadi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CiMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.affiliation: Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tschöp
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CiMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine-CiMUS, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Av de Barcelona s/n Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Spain. Electronic address: ruben.nogueiras@usc.es.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nogueiras
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D005947:Glucose
keywords: adiposity; fatty acids; feeding; ghrelin; ghrelin receptor; hypothalamus