title: Clinical use of high mobility group box 1 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products in the prognosis and risk stratification of heart failure: a literature review.
abstract: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that represents the end stage of heart disease and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. As heart failure mortality rates remain elevated, additional biomarkers that facilitate early detection or risk stratification in HF is of particularly great interest. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) cause the activation of intracellular signaling, gene expression, and production of inflammatory cytokines and have been linked to many inflammatory disease states such as diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Few studies have investigated their role in the pathophysiology of HF and any significant correlation remains uncertain. Review of the available literature discussing HMGB1 and RAGE clinical values as independent prognostic variables in HF resulted in the inclusion of 11 studies, which enrolled a total of 2025 heart failure patients. Overall, the data suggests a statistically significant positive correlation between RAGE and HF, with increasing RAGE levels associated with increasing New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class of heart failure. HMGB1 correlations were not as extensively studied, but there is evidence that both HMGB1 and RAGE have a definite potential as biomarkers for the prognosis and risk stratification of HF patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.|Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.|Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Austin Huy
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.|Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Taylor M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
authors.forename: Devendra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C000593871:AGER protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; C585491:HMGB1 protein, human; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
keywords: HMGB1; RAGE; biomarker; biomarqueur; heart failure; high mobility group box 1; insuffisance cardiaque; prognosis; pronostic; receptor for advanced glycation end products; récepteur des produits finaux de glycation avancée; « high mobility group box 1 »