title: Retinoic Acid and Its Role in Modulating Intestinal Innate Immunity.
abstract: Vitamin A (VA) is amongst the most well characterized food-derived nutrients with diverse immune modulatory roles. Deficiency in dietary VA has not only been associated with immune dysfunctions in the gut, but also with several systemic immune disorders. In particular, VA metaboliteall-transretinoic acid (atRA) has been shown to be crucial in inducing gut tropism in lymphocytes and modulating T helper differentiation. In addition to the widely recognized role in adaptive immunity, increasing evidence identifiesatRA as an important modulator of innate immune cells, such as tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we focus on the role of retinoic acid in differentiation, trafficking and the functions of innate immune cells in health and inflammation associated disorders. Lastly, we discuss the potential involvement ofatRA during the plausible crosstalk between DCs and ILCs.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden. paulo.czarnewski@ki.se.
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czarnewski
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden. srustidhar.das@ki.se.
authors.forename: Srustidhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Das
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden. martina.parigi@ki.se.
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parigi
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm 171-76, Sweden. eduardo.villablanca@ki.se.
authors.forename: Eduardo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Villablanca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin
keywords: dendritic cells; innate immunity; innate lymphoid cells; retinoic acid; vitamin A