title: Cement-associated peri-implant mucositis. A 1-year follow-up after excess cement removal on the peri-implant tissue of dental implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methacrylate-based cements seem to promote peri-implant tissue inflammation even in the absence of excess cement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study deals with the question of whether the removal of methacrylate cement from the peri-implant sulcus will lead to peri-implant tissues free of inflammation on a 1-year follow-up basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Implant supported suprastructures that had been in the mouth for at least 3.5 years either cemented with methacrylate (premier implant cement [PIC]) or zinc eugenol (temp bond [TB]) cement were compared. All superstructures in 33 patients with a total of 61 implants (35 with PIC and 26 with TB) were removed and excess cement, bleeding on probing (BOP), suppurationen and probing depth were documented. Excess cement found was removed, and in all cases the suprastructure was recemented with TB. Patients were followed up after 4 weeks (F1) and 1 year (F2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excess cement was found around 60% of the implants with PIC. No excess cement was found around implants with TB. At the time of revision therapy, BOP was found around 100% of the implants with PIC and excess cement (PIC+), 93% around implants with PIC but no excess cement (PIC-), and around 42% of the TB-cemented implants (Chi-squared P < .01). Suppuration was observed in 86% of the PIC+ implants, in 14% of the PIC- implants and in 0% of the TB implants (Chi-squared P < .01). At the time of both F1 and F2, the inflammation parameters, that is BOP and suppuration, on implant level were significantly reduced in the PIC+ cases (McNemar's test P < .01). For PIC-, BOP was significantly reduced at both points in time (P < .05). For TB no differences were found. Probing depth at F2 had significantly decreased in all groups (t test P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The removal of excess cement and recementation with TB had an anti-inflammatory effect on the peri-implant tissues after 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany.|Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.|Private practice, Center for Implantology and Oral Surgery, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korsch
authors.affiliation: Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.affiliation: Dental Academy for Continuing Professional Development, Karlsruhe, Germany.|Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School for Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-6330
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartols
mesh_terms: D003738:Dental Cements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D015921:Dental Implants
keywords: cement-retained reconstructions; excess cement; implants; inflammation