title: Association between sports type and overuse injuries of extremities in adults: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sports injuries are often described as overuse or traumatic. Little is known about the frequency of overuse injuries and, in particular, if they vary between different types of sporting activities.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify any differences between sports in relation to diagnoses of overuse injuries of the extremities (OIE) and anatomical areas most likely to be injured in adults and to compare these findings with those reported in youngsters, as identified in a previous review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was made in May 2015 and again in April 2016 in PubMed, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, and Web of Sciences. Search terms were « overuse injuries OR cumulative trauma disorders OR musculoskeletal injuries » AND « extremity OR limb » AND « physical activity OR sport OR risk factor OR exercises ». Inclusion criteria were: 1) prospective, or cross-sectional study design; 2) at least 1/3 of the population should be ≥ 19 years; 3) articles must clearly state if reported cases were classified as traumatic or overuse injuries in relation to a particular sports type, 4) sample size >50, and 5) articles must not deal with specific occupational subpopulations nor with clinical populations. A blinded systematic review was conducted and results reported per anatomical site of injury and diagnosis for the different sports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 10 of 1435 identified articles were included, studying soccer, beach-volleyball and triathlon. In general, the incidence estimates were low, never above 2.0/1000 h of practice, similar to results seen in children/adolescents. The incidence estimates and the diagnoses of OIE were given only in 4 articles on soccer, making comparisons between sports impossible. As in children/adolescents, the lower limb is more often affected than the upper but contrary to young people the injured site in adults is more often the knee and above, and there were also differences in the diagnoses for the two age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The literature does not permit to identify clearly the difference in the incidence of OIE for different sports showing that more but well-designed surveillance studies are needed.
authors.affiliation: CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France ; Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Charlène
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5608-5141
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chéron
authors.affiliation: CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Scanff
authors.affiliation: CIAMS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, Cedex France ; CIAMS, Université d'Orléans, F-45067 Orléans, France ; Institut Franco-Européen de Chiropraxie, 72 Chemin de la Flambère, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leboeuf-Yde
keywords: Adults; Cumulative trauma disorders; Epidemiology; Extremities; Overuse injuries; Sports type