title: Modulation of Antiviral Immunity by Heme Oxygenase-1.
abstract: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-inducible, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective enzyme expressed in most cell types in the organism. Under several stress stimuli, HO-1 expression and activity is up-regulated to catalyze the rate-limiting enzymatic step of heme degradation into carbon monoxide, free iron, and biliverdin. Besides its effects on cell metabolism, HO-1 is also capable of modulating host innate and adaptive immune responses in response to sepsis, transplantation, and autoimmunity, and preventing oxidative damage associated with inflammation. In addition, recent studies have reported that HO-1 can exert a significant antiviral activity against a wide variety of viruses, including HIV, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, enterovirus 71, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, dengue virus, and Ebola virus, among others. Herein, we address the current understanding of the functional significance of HO-1 against a variety of viruses and its potential as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and control viral infections. Furthermore, we review the most important features of the immunoregulatory functions for this enzyme.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Janyra A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Pablo A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: González
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM, Combined Research Unit 1064, Nantes University Hospital Nantes, Institute for Transplantation-Urology-Nephrology, Université de Nantes, Faculty of Medicine, Nantes, France; Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: akalergis@bio.puc.cl.
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kalergis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D008954:Models, Biological
chemical_list: D006418:Heme; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1