title: Incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury after esophageal cancer surgery: A nested case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been increasingly recognized as a common and serious postoperative complication. Although many studies have been conducted to investigate postoperative AKI after thoracic surgery, little is known about AKI after esophageal surgery. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the incidence and identify risk factors of postoperative AKI after esophageal cancer surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective nested case-control study of patients undergoing elective esophageal cancer surgery between July 2013 and July 2016 in a single tertiary specialized cancer hospital was performed. The primary outcome was development of AKI. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for AKI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2094 patients, 51 (2.4%) developed postoperative AKI after esophageal cancer surgery. In multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, four risk factors for AKI after esophageal surgery for cancer were identified: preoperative serum creatinine level (OR 1.040; 95% CI 1.012-1.069), duration of surgery (OR 1.009; 95% CI 1.005-1.014), smoking history (OR 3.029; 95% CI 1.092-8.399) and hypertension (OR 6.422; 95% CI 2.736-15.070).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postoperative AKI occurred in 2.4% of patients after esophageal surgery for cancer. Preoperative serum creatinine level, duration of surgery, smoking history and hypertension were independent risk factors for postoperative AKI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. Electronic address: wangwen414@sina.cn.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute for Hospital Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. Electronic address: 15073174130@163.com.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Program Office for Cancer Screening in Urban China, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. Electronic address: fengxs2016@163.com.
authors.forename: Xiaoshuang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China. Electronic address: ykyzlyysunli@126.com.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Esophageal cancer surgery; Nested case-control study