title: Acute kidney injury due to tropical infectious diseases and animal venoms: a tale of 2 continents.
abstract: South and Southeast Asia and Latin American together comprise 46 countries and are home to approximately 40% of the world population. The sociopolitical and economic heterogeneity, tropical climate, and malady transitions characteristic of the region strongly influence disease behavior and health care delivery. Acute kidney injury epidemiology mirrors these inequalities. In addition to hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in tertiary care centers, these countries face a large preventable burden of community-acquired acute kidney injury secondary to tropical infectious diseases or animal venoms, affecting previously healthy young individuals. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical picture, prevention, risk factors, and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury associated with tropical diseases (malaria, dengue, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, and yellow fever) and animal venom (snakes, bees, caterpillars, spiders, and scorpions) in tropical regions of Asia and Latin America, and discusses the potential future challenges due to emerging issues.
authors.affiliation: LIM 12, Division of Nephrology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: burdmann@usp.br.
authors.forename: Emmanuel A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Burdmann
authors.affiliation: George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India, and University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Vivekanand
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jha
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D003715:Dengue / Q000150:complications; D003906:Developing Countries; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007313:Insecta / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D007922:Leptospirosis / Q000150:complications; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D012612:Scrub Typhus / Q000150:complications; D012911:Snakes; D014329:Tropical Climate / Q000009:adverse effects; D014688:Venoms / Q000633:toxicity*; D015004:Yellow Fever / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D014688:Venoms
keywords: Asia; Latin America; acute kidney injury; animal venom; emerging issues; tropical infectious diseases