title: Immunotoxic effect of thiamethoxam in immunized mice withBrucella abortuscultural filtrate antigen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was planned for determination the toxic effect of thiamethoxam (TMX) in immunized mice withBrucella abortusculture filtrate antigen (CFBAgs) (as a vaccine) and its role of TMX on decrease activity ofB. abortusantigen on eliciting of humoral and cellular immunity.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve these goals 60 female mice were used, 7-8 weeks age, they were divided equally into three groups (20 in each group) and treated as follows: 1stgroup: Mice were immunized with CFBAgs intraperitoneally in two doses, 2 weeks intervals with (protein concentration 2 mg\ml), 2ndgroup: Mice immunized as in the 1stgroup and was administrated orally with 1/10 lethal dose 50% of TMX (83.7 mg/kg B.W.) for 4 weeks daily, 3rdgroup was administrated orally with 0.3 ml normal saline served as a control group. At day 28 post immunization (PI) delayed type hypersensitivity (skin test) was done, and serum samples were collected at day 30 (PI) for detection of passive hemagglutination test (PHA); interferon gamma (IFN-γ) which was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in addition to phagocytes assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of skin test post injection with soluble antigen ofB. abortusintradermally showed a high significantly mean values at p≤0.05 of footpad skin thickness in the 1stgroup of mice which recorded (0.51±0.002 mm) as compared with the 2ndgroup of mice which showed (0.08±0.002 mm) after 24 h; the mean values of skin thickness were declined in the 1stmice (0.46±0.002) and 2ndmice (0.070±0.001) at 48 h; control group showed a negative results. These results were agreed with results of serum levels of IFN-γ (pg/ml) that showed that a significant increase the vaccinated 1stgroup (406.36±1.52), than those values in the 2ndgroup (151.61±0.89) and negative result in 3rdgroup (46.47±0.60), in addition to results of PHA test which showed a significant increase in antibody titer in the 1stgroup (139±12.16) with low level of serum antibody in the 2ndgroup (7.66±0.33). Phagocytic ratio results in the 1stgroup showed an increase to reach (18.55±0.44) than a ratio in the 2ndgroup (13.24±0.32) and the control group (5.46±0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was concluded that TMX induced suppression of humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice with CFBAgs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq; Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Salema
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq; Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alwan
authors.affiliation: Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Internal and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
authors.forename: Afaf Abdulrahman
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Yousif
keywords: Brucella abortus; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test; interferon gamma; phagocyte assay; skin test; thiamethoxam