title: Human cryptosporidiosis in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: Cryptosporidiosis caused by Cryptosporidium spp. is an important parasitic disease that can be life-threatening for children and immunocompromised patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the prevalence rate of Cryptosporidium infection and related risk factors among the Iranian general population. We searched electronic databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Proquest for articles in English and SID, Magiran, IranMedex, and IranDoc for articles in Persian. Out of 4816 studies identified in the electronic search, 94 articles were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The prevalence rate of cryptosporidiosis by using the random effect model among children, healthy people, and gastroenteritis and immunocompromised patients in Iran was estimated as 3.65, 2.94, 1.29, and 4.54%, respectively. Findings of a phylogenetic analysis inferred by gp60 and 18S ribosomal RNA markers indicated that most of the infection rate belonged to C. parvum (particularly subtype IIaA15G2R1) and C. hominis among understudied groups. The present study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis providing a comprehensive view of the prevalence of human cryptosporidiosis and its related risk factors in Iran. It seems that the awareness of Cryptosporidium prevalence, risk factors, and disease complications may be required for developing effective strategies to prevent infection.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berahmat
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spotin
authors.affiliation: Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Ehsan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ahmadpour
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mahamim@tbzmed.ac.ir.|Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. mahamim@tbzmed.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahami-Oskouei
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.|Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Azim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rezamand
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Nayyereh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aminisani
authors.affiliation: Research Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghojazadeh
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Roghayeh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghoyounchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikaeili-Galeh
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D003458:Cryptosporidium / Q000145:classification; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C065610:sialoglycoprotein gp60
keywords: Cryptosporidiosis; Cryptosporidium; Human; Iran; Prevalence