title: The receptor kinase FER is a RALF-regulated scaffold controlling plant immune signaling.
abstract: In plants, perception of invading pathogens involves cell-surface immune receptor kinases. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis SITE-1 PROTEASE (S1P) cleaves endogenous RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) propeptides to inhibit plant immunity. This inhibition is mediated by the malectin-like receptor kinase FERONIA (FER), which otherwise facilitates the ligand-induced complex formation of the immune receptor kinases EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) and FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) with their co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) to initiate immune signaling. We show that FER acts as a RALF-regulated scaffold that modulates receptor kinase complex assembly. A similar scaffolding mechanism may underlie FER function in other signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stegmann
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monaghan
authors.affiliation: Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Elwira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smakowska-Luzan
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rovenich
authors.affiliation: Protein Technologies Facility, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.affiliation: Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Belkhadir
authors.affiliation: The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK. cyril.zipfel@tsl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zipfel
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000276:immunology*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D057865:Plant Immunity; D043484:Proprotein Convertases / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D059748:Proteolysis; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000378:metabolism; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C545106:EFR protein, Arabidopsis; D036361:Peptide Hormones; C529880:RALF1 protein, Arabidopsis; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; C522131:At3g51550 protein, Arabidopsis; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D011494:Protein Kinases; C463660:BAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C411853:FLS2 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D043484:Proprotein Convertases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C115575:membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1