title: Host and Viral Modulation of RIG-I-Mediated Antiviral Immunity.
abstract: Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Rapid and efficient detection of pathogen-associated molecular patternsviapattern-recognition receptors is essential for the host to mount defensive and protective responses. Retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) is critical in triggering antiviral and inflammatory responses for the control of viral replication in response to cytoplasmic virus-specific RNA structures. Upon viral RNA recognition, RIG-I recruits the mitochondrial adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, which leads to a signaling cascade that coordinates the induction of type I interferons (IFNs), as well as a large variety of antiviral interferon-stimulated genes. The RIG-I activation is tightly regulatedviavarious posttranslational modifications for the prevention of aberrant innate immune signaling. By contrast, viruses have evolved mechanisms of evasion, such as sequestrating viral structures from RIG-I detections and targeting receptor or signaling molecules for degradation. These virus-host interactions have broadened our understanding of viral pathogenesis and provided insights into the function of the RIG-I pathway. In this review, we summarize the recent advances regarding RIG-I pathogen recognition and signaling transduction, cell-intrinsic control of RIG-I activation, and the viral antagonism of RIG-I signaling.
authors.affiliation: Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Yiliu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olagnier
authors.affiliation: Jewish General Hospital, Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Rongtuan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: RIG-I; antiviral; infection; innate immunity; type I IFNs; virus–host interaction