title: Role of Different Natural Antioxidants in the Modulation of mRNA-expression of Apoptotic Molecules in the Livers of Carbon Tetrachloride-Intoxicated Rats.
abstract: Overexpression of nuclear factor (NF-κB) or activation of Smad3 by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) induced by oncogenes results in overexpression of fibrotic processes and hence cell death. The objective of this study is to examine whether Silymarin (Sil) alone or in combination with Vitamin E (Vit E) and/or Curcumin (Cur) plays a modulatory role against the overexpression of NF-κB, and TGF-β that induced in response to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration. The present work revealed that CCl4induced elevation of in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Apoptosis regulator (Bax), Smad3, TGF-β, and NF-kB hepatic mRNA expression (using Real-time PCR), administration of Sil alone downregulated these expressions. Treatment with Vit E acid and/ or Cur along with Sil produced best results in this concern. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions were downregulated by CCl4; whereas concurrent treatment of Vit E and/or Cur along with Sil increased its expression. On conclusion, the use of Vit E and/or Cur could potentiate the antiapoptotic action of Sil.
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nouf M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.|b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt.
authors.forename: Naglaa F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: El-Orabi
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Laila Mohamed
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fadda
authors.affiliation: c Department of Genetics and Cytology , National Research Center , Dokki , Egypt.|d Preparatory Year Deanship , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Hanaa Mahmoud
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-7585
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nawal M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Rasheed
authors.affiliation: a Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Yieldez
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bassiouni
authors.affiliation: e Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abeer Mohammad
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Aldbass
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012838:Silymarin; D051900:Smad3 Protein; C497787:Smad3 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014810:Vitamin E; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D003474:Curcumin
keywords: Bax; NF-kB; Smad3; TGF-β; carbon tetrachloride; curcumin; silymarin; vitamin E