title: Tinker, tailor, deliberate. An ethnographic inquiry into the institutionalized practice of bar-coded medication administration technology by nurses.
abstract: Explore the practice of nurses working with bar-coded medication administration technology, to gain insight in the impact it has on their work.
  
  
  
  The widespread presumption of using Barcoded Medication Administration Technology (BCMA) is that it will effectively reduce the number of errors in the dispensing of medication to patients. However, it remains unclear whether this is the case in actual practice.
  
  
  
  Two distinct but overlapping research methodologies of Institutional Ethnography and Praxeology were combined as a means to uncover the highly complex practice of BCMA by nurses.
  
  
  
  The implementation of BCMA creates a series of problems leading to nurses constantly tinkering with the technology. At the same time they are continuously deliberating the best ways of tailoring the BCMA to each of their patients.
  
  
  
  Although working with BCMA is often misconstrued as being mindless and automatic, conforming to the technology, this tinkering with BCMA in fact always entails thorough deliberation by nurses.
authors.affiliation: Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, 5022, GC, Tilburg, The Netherlands. Electronic address: m.boonen@etz.nl.
authors.forename: M J M H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Boonen
authors.affiliation: University of Humanistic Studies, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, 3512, HD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frans J H
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vosman
authors.affiliation: University of Humanistic Studies, Kromme Nieuwegracht 29, 3512, HD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Alistair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Niemeijer
mesh_terms: D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D004358:Drug Therapy; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D006801:Humans; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009740:Nursing Staff
keywords: Barcoded medication administration, (BCMA); Hospital; Nursing; Tinkering