title: Application of Long-Range Surface Plasmon Resonance for ABO Blood Typing.
abstract: In this study, we demonstrate a long-range surface plasmon resonance (LR-SPR) biosensor for the detection of whole cell by captured antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs) as a model. The LR-SPR sensor chip consists of high-refractive index glass, a Cytop film layer, and a thin gold (Au) film, which makes the evanescent field intensity and the penetration depth longer than conventional SPR. Therefore, the LR-SPR biosensor has improved capability for detecting large analytes, such as RBCs. The antibodies specific to blood group A and group B (Anti-A and Anti-B) are covalently immobilized on a grafting self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Au surface on the biosensor. For blood typing, RBC samples can be detected by the LR-SPR biosensor through a change in the refractive index. We determined that the results of blood typing using the LR-SPR biosensor are consistent with the results obtained from the agglutination test. We obtained the lowest detection limits of 1.58 × 105cells/ml for RBC-A and 3.83 × 105cells/ml for RBC-B, indicating that the LR-SPR chip has a higher sensitivity than conventional SPR biosensors (3.3 × 108cells/ml). The surface of the biosensor can be efficiently regenerated using 20 mM NaOH. In summary, as the LR-SPR technique is sensitive and has a simple experimental setup, it can easily be applied for ABO blood group typing.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan; Materials Science and Engineering Programme, Multidisciplinary Unit and Center of Intelligence Materials and Systems, NANOTEC Center of Excellence at Mahidol University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd., Phayathai, Rajathavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Wanida
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tangkawsakul
authors.affiliation: Materials Science and Engineering Programme, Multidisciplinary Unit and Center of Intelligence Materials and Systems, NANOTEC Center of Excellence at Mahidol University, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd., Phayathai, Rajathavee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
authors.forename: Toemsak
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9848-7456
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srikhirin
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinbo
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
authors.forename: Futao
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Science and Technology and Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-Nocho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2633-8195
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baba