title: Anatomical organization and somatic axonal components of the lumbosacral nerves in female rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the anatomical organization and somatic axonal components of the lumbosacral nerves in female rabbits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chinchilla adult anesthetized female rabbits were used. Anatomical, electrophysiological, and histological studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L7, S1, and some fibers from S2 and S3 form the lumbosacral trunk, which gives origin to the sciatic nerve and innervation to the gluteal region. From S2 to S3 originates the pudendal nerve, whose branches innervates the striated anal and urethra sphincters, as well as the bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and constrictor vulvae muscles. The sensory field of the pudendal nerve is ∼1800 mm2and is localized in the clitoral sheath and perineal and perigenital skin. The organization of the pudendal nerve varies between individuals, three patterns were identified, and one of them was present in 50% of the animals. From S3 emerge the pelvic nerve, which anastomoses to form a plexus localized between the vagina and the rectum. The innervation of the pelvic floor originates from S3 to S4 fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the sacral spinal nerves of rabbit are mixed, carrying sensory, and motor information. Sacral nerves innervate the hind limbs, pelvic viscera, clitoris, perineal muscles, inguinal and anal glands and perineal, perigenital, and rump skin. The detailed description of the sacral nerves organization, topography, and axonal components further the knowledge of the innervation in pelvic and perinal structures of the female rabbit. This information will be useful in future studies about the physiology and physiopathology of urinary, fecal, reproductive, and sexual functions.
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.affiliation: Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Isela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández-Plata
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Rosa Angélica
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lucio
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zempoalteca
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, D.F., Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castelán
authors.affiliation: Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México.|Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, D.F., Tlaxcala, México.
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez-Gómez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000294:innervation*; D011817:Rabbits; D012007:Rectum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation*; D014621:Vagina / Q000033:anatomy & histology
keywords: clitoris; pelvic innervation; perineal muscles; pudendal nerve; urethra