title: Molecular Evolution of piggyBac Superfamily: From Selfishness to Domestication.
abstract: The piggyBac transposable element was originally isolated from the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni, in the 1980s. Despite its early discovery and specificity compared to the other Class II elements, the diversity and evolution of this superfamily have been only partially analyzed. Two main types of elements can be distinguished: the piggyBac-like elements (PBLE) with terminal inverted repeats, untranslated region, and an open reading frame encoding a transposase, and the piggyBac-derived sequences (PGBD), containing a sequence derived from a piggyBac transposase, and which correspond to domesticated elements. To define the distribution, their structural diversity and phylogenetic relationships, analyses were conducted using known PBLE and PGBD sequences to scan databases. From this data mining, numerous new sequences were characterized (50 for PBLE and 396 for PGBD). Structural analyses suggest that four groups of PBLE can be defined according to the presence/absence of sub-terminal repeats. The transposase is characterized by highly variable catalytic domain and C-terminal region. There is no relationship between the structural groups and the phylogeny of these PBLE elements. The PGBD are clearly structured into nine main groups. A new group of domesticated elements is suspected in Neopterygii and the remaining eight previously described elements have been investigated in more detail. In all cases, these sequences are no longer transposable elements, the catalytic domain of the ancestral transposase is not always conserved, but they are under strong purifying selection. The phylogeny of both PBLE and PGBD suggests multiple and independent domestication events of PGBD from different PBLE ancestors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.|Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, UR11ES10 Génomique des Insectes Ravageurs de Cultures, Tunis, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Maryem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouallègue
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Jacques-Deric
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rouault
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hua-Van
authors.affiliation: Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, UR11ES10?Génomique des Insectes Ravageurs de Cultures, Tunis, Tunisie.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makni
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D019895:Transposases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C569369:PGBD1 protein, human; D019895:Transposases
keywords: domestication; molecular evolution; piggyBac; transposable element