title: Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Li-Rich Layered Cathode Oxides for High Volumetric and Power Energy Density Lithium-Ion Batteries.
abstract: As rechargeable Li-ion batteries have expanded their applications into on-board energy storage for electric vehicles, the energy and power must be increased to meet the new demands. Li-rich layered oxides are one of the most promising candidate materials; however, it is very difficult to make them compatible with high volumetric energy density and power density. Here, we develop an innovative approach to synthesize three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous Li-rich layered oxides Li[Li0.144Ni0.136Co0.136Mn0.544]O2, directly occurring at deep chemical delithiation with carbon dioxide. It is found that the as-prepared material presents a micrometer-sized spherical structure that is typically composed of interconnected nanosized subunits with narrow distributed pores at 3.6 nm. As a result, this unique 3D micro-/nanostructure not only has a high tap density over 2.20 g cm-3but also exhibits excellent rate capability (197.6 mA h g-1at 1250 mA g-1) as an electrode. The excellent electrochemical performance is ascribed to the unique nanoporous micro-nanostructures, which facilitates the Li+diffusion and enhances the structural stability of the Li-rich layered cathode materials. Our work offers a comprehensive designing strategy to construct 3D nanoporous Li-rich layered oxides for both high volumetric energy density and power density in Li-ion batteries.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Li-ion Battery Engineering Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Bao
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7505-6135
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Advanced Li-ion Battery Engineering Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: Advanced Li-ion Battery Engineering Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yonggao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Advanced Li-ion Battery Engineering Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhaoping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: 3D nanoporous; cathode materials; lithium-ion batteries; lithium-rich oxides; power energy density; volumetric energy density