title: Successful Treatment of immune Reconstitution Inflammatory syndrome-related Hemophagocytic Syndrome in an HIV Patient with Primary Effusion Lymphoma.
abstract: Although the connection of [secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (sHS)] with HIV has been well documented, optimal treatment regimen is not well established. This is due not only to the rarity of the syndrome, but also to the heterogeneity of the involved population. Most cases are related to opportunistic infections or malignancies in advanced stage, but many cases are also related to seroconversion, in the primary infection setting. Moreover, in the [antiretroviral treatment (ART)] era, rare cases of ART-related sHS have been reported. In these, often fatal cases, an [immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)] process is involved, posing a serious challenge to the treating physician. We hereby report a case of successful treatment of an HIV patient with primary effusion lymphoma who experienced sHS shortly after ART onset. Our patient, treated with high dose dexamethasone and gamma globulin, achieved complete remission. This case might hint possible therapeutic insights in the treatment of IRIS-related sHS.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Markela-P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zorzou
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chini
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Athina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lioni
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsekes
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nitsotolis
authors.affiliation: Surgery Department, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tierris
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department, Korgialeneio-Benakeio General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Panagiotou
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rontogianni
authors.affiliation: Hematology and Lymphoma Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Nicolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harhalakis
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens , Greece.
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazanas
keywords: ART; HIV; Hemophagocytic syndrome; IRIS; Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome