title: Examining methods, messengers and behavioural theories to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: a scoping review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are not active and lack the necessary knowledge and confidence to become and stay active. To develop effective physical activity promotion interventions, it is necessary to identify credible messengers and effective methods to disseminate physical activity information to this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and examine knowledge mobilization theories, messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This scoping review followed the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 43 studies and 7 reviews identified multiple messengers and methods used to disseminate physical activity information to individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but few attempts to structure information theoretically. Findings do not point to which messengers or methods are most effective or which theories should be used to construct information interventions. Studies show that physical activity information should be provided in an individualised manner from staff who could easily connect with patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few researchers have addressed the physical activity information needs of individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Researchers need to examine and implement effective knowledge mobilization strategies for this population.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sport and Exercise Science , University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK.
authors.forename: Paul Filip
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Gorczynski
authors.affiliation: b Sport and Exercise Science, University of Chichester , Chichester , UK.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitch
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Physical Education and Health , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada , and.|d School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia , and Vancouver , BC , Canada.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Faulkner
keywords: Schizophrenia; dissemination; exercise; information; physical activity