title: Effects ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeorboulardiiyeasts on acute stress induced intestinal dysmotility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the capacity ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae(S. cerevisiae) andSaccharomyces boulardii(S. boulardii) yeasts to reverse or to treat acute stress-related intestinal dysmotility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Swiss Webster mice were stressed for 1 h in a wire-mesh restraint to induce symptoms of intestinal dysmotility and were subsequently killed by cervical dislocation. Jejunal and colon tissue were excised and placed within a tissue perfusion bath in whichS. cerevisiae,S. boulardii, or their supernatants were administered into the lumen. Video recordings of contractility and gut diameter changes were converted to spatiotemporal maps and the velocity, frequency, and amplitude of propagating contractile clusters (PCC) were measured. Motility pre- and post-treatment was compared between stressed animals and unstressed controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S. boulardiiandS. cerevisiaehelped to mediate the effects of stress on the small and large intestine. Restraint stress reduced jejunal transit velocity (mm/s) from 2.635 ± 0.316 to 1.644 ± 0.238,P< 0.001 and jejunal transit frequency (Hz) from 0.032 ± 0.008 to 0.016 ± 0.005,P< 0.001. Restraint stress increased colonic transit velocity (mm/s) from 0.864 ± 0.183 to 1.432 ± 0.329,P< 0.001 and frequency to a lesser degree. Luminal application ofS. boulardiihelped to restore jejunal and colonic velocity towards the unstressed controls; 1.833 ± 0.688 to 2.627 ± 0.664,P< 0.001 and 1.516 ± 0.263 to 1.036 ± 0.21,P< 0.001, respectively.S. cerevisiaealso had therapeutic effects on the stressed gut, but was most apparent in the jejunum.S. cerevisiaeincreased PCC velocity in the stressed jejunum from 1.763 ± 0.397 to 2.017 ± 0.48,P= 0.0031 and PCC frequency from 0.016 ± 0.009 to 0.027 ± 0.007,P< 0.001.S. cerevisiaedecreased colon PCC velocity from 1.647 ± 0.187 to 1.038 ± 0.222,P< 0.001. Addition ofS. boulardiiorS. cerevisiaesupernatants also helped to restore motility to unstressed values in similar capacity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a potential therapeutic role forS. cerevisiaeandS. boulardiiyeasts and their supernatants in the treatment of acute stress-related gut dysmotility.
authors.affiliation: Christine West, Andrew M Stanisz, Annette Wong, Wolfgang A Kunze, McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Christine West, Andrew M Stanisz, Annette Wong, Wolfgang A Kunze, McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stanisz
authors.affiliation: Christine West, Andrew M Stanisz, Annette Wong, Wolfgang A Kunze, McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Christine West, Andrew M Stanisz, Annette Wong, Wolfgang A Kunze, McMaster Brain-Body Institute, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kunze
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017615:Enteric Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069983:Saccharomyces boulardii / Q000737:chemistry*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications
keywords: Intestine; Motility; Restraint stress; Saccharomyces boulardii; Saccharomyces cerevisiae