title: Biodegradation of Aldrin and Dieldrin by the White-Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.
abstract: Aldrin and its metabolite dieldrin are persistent organic pollutants that contaminate soil in many parts of the world. Given the potential hazards associated with these pollutants, an efficient degradation method is required. In this study, we investigated the ability of Pleurotus ostreatus to transform aldrin as well as dieldrin in pure liquid cultures. This fungus completely eliminated aldrin in potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium during a 14-day incubation period. Dieldrin was detected as the main metabolite, and 9-hydroxylaldrin and 9-hydroxyldieldrin were less abundant metabolites. The proposed route of aldrin biotransformation is initial metabolism by epoxidation, followed by hydroxylation. The fungus was also capable of degrading dieldrin, a recalcitrant metabolite of aldrin. Approximately 3, 9, and 18% of dieldrin were eliminated by P. ostreatus in low-nitrogen, high-nitrogen, and PDB media, respectively, during a 14-day incubation period. 9-Dihydroxydieldrin was detected as a metabolite in the PDB culture, suggesting that the hydroxylation reaction occurred in the epoxide ring. These results indicate that P. ostreatus has potential applications in the transformation of aldrin as well as dieldrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia. adi_setyo@chem.its.ac.id.
authors.forename: Adi Setyo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5692-0549
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Purnomo
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Refdinal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nawfa
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Fahimah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martak
authors.affiliation: Department of Agro-environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kamei
mesh_terms: D000452:Aldrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004026:Dieldrin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020076:Pleurotus / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004026:Dieldrin; D009584:Nitrogen; D000452:Aldrin