title: Augmentation of humoral and cellular immunity in response to Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids by supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves.
abstract: Hippophae rhamnoides L. commonly known as Seabuckthorn (SBT), a wild shrub of family Elaegnacea, has extensively used for treating various ailments like skin diseases, jaundice, asthma, lung troubles. SBT leaves have been reported to possess several pharmacological properties including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue regeneration etc. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the adjuvant property of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts (SCEs 300ET and 350ET) of SBT leaves in balb/c mice immunized with Tetanus and Diphtheria toxoids. The dynamic changes in the immune response were measured in terms of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We have seen the effect of SCEs on immunoglobulin subtypes and secondary immune response generation. In addition, the effect of SCEs on antigen specific cellular immunity was evaluated. Our results show that SCEs 300ET and 350ET significantly enhanced antibody titers in response to both TT and DT antigens. The secondary immune response generated was significantly increased in case of TT immunized animals. SCEs also enhanced cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α and IL-1β) and increased lymphoproliferation. Besides, both SCEs did not show any toxic effects. Therefore, the study suggests that SCEs are safe and have potent immunostimulatory activity and hence, seems to be a promising balanced Th1 and Th2 directing immunological adjuvant for various veterinary as well as human vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Bindhya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jayashankar
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Divya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Himanshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanwar
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Swetha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sudipta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chanda
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Jigni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tulswani
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misra
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India. Electronic address: lganju@rediffmail.com.
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ganju
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D031281:Hippophae / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D056724:Immunity, Humoral; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D013742:Tetanus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid
keywords: Adjuvant; Cytokines; DTH; Hemolysis; Immunomodulation; Supercritical carbon dioxide extract (SCE)