title: Reutilization of waste scrap tyre as the immobilization matrix for the enhanced bioremoval of a monoaromatic hydrocarbons, methyl tert-butyl ether, and chlorinated ethenes mixture from water.
abstract: BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-DCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE) are among the major soil and groundwater contaminants frequently co-existing, as a result of their widespread uses. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida was immobilized on waste scrap tyre to remove these contaminants mixture from synthetic contaminated water. The microbial activity was enhanced in the immobilized system, shown by the higher colony forming units (CFUs) (40%), while BTEX were used as growth substrates. The adsorption capacity of tyres toward contaminants reached a maximum within one day, with BTEX (76.3%) and TCE (64.3%) showing the highest sorption removal capacities, followed by cis-DCE (30.0%) and MTBE (11.0%). The adsorption data fitted the Freundlich isotherm with a good linear correlation (0.989-0.999) for the initial contaminants concentration range applied (25-125mg/L). The monoaromatic hydrocarbons were almost completely removed in the immobilized system and the favourable removal efficiencies of 78% and 90% were obtained for cis-DCE and TCE, respectively. The hybrid (biological, immobilization/physical, sorption) system was further evaluated with the contaminants spiked intermittently for the stable performance. The addition of mineral salt medium further enhanced the bioremoval of contaminants by stimulating the microbial growth to some extent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
authors.forename: Renata Alves
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: de Toledo
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China; Shanxi Academy for Environmental Planning, Taiyuan 030002, China.
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China. Electronic address: hjshim@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Hojae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D001554:Benzene / Q000378:metabolism; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004000:Dichloroethylenes / Q000378:metabolism; D052918:Environmental Restoration and Remediation / Q000379:methods; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000378:metabolism; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism*; D059027:Recycling; D014050:Toluene / Q000378:metabolism; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014992:Xylenes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D004000:Dichloroethylenes; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014992:Xylenes; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C043243:methyl tert-butyl ether; D014050:Toluene; C024565:ethylene dichloride; C031286:4-xylene; D001554:Benzene; C004912:ethylbenzene; C035384:1,2-dichloroethylene
keywords: BTEX; MTBE; Pseudomonas plecoglossicida; TCE; Waste scrap tyre; cis-DCE