title: Measuring hip muscle strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement and other hip pathologies: A systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on measurement of muscle strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and other pathologies and to suggest guidelines to standardise protocols for future research in the field.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cochrane and PubMed libraries were searched for any publications using the terms 'hip', 'muscle', 'strength', and 'measurement' in the 'Title, Abstract, Keywords' field. A further search was performed using the terms 'femoroacetabular' or 'impingement'. The search was limited to recent literature only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 29 articles were reviewed to obtain information on a number of variables. These comprised the type of device used for measurement, rater standardisation, the type of movements tested, body positioning and comparative studies of muscle strength in FAI versus normal controls. The studies found that hip muscle strength is lower in patients with FAI; this is also true for the asymptomatic hip in patients with FAI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current literature on this subject is limited and examines multiple variables. Our recommendations for achieving reproducible results include stabilising the patient, measuring isometric movements and maximising standardisation by using a single tester and familiarising the participants with the protocol. Further work must be done to demonstrate the reliability of any new testing method.Cite this article: E. Mayne, A. Memarzadeh, P. Raut, A. Arora, V. Khanduja. Measuring hip muscle strength in patients with femoroacetabular impingement and other hip pathologies: A systematic review. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:66-72. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0081.
authors.affiliation: James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mayne
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke's, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Memarzadeh
authors.affiliation: James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: Addenbrooke's, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: Addenbrooke's, Cambridge University Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK vk279@cam.ac.uk.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khanduja
keywords: FAI; Measurement; Muscle strength