title: Hydrogen peroxide as a central redox signaling molecule in physiological oxidative stress: Oxidative eustress.
abstract: Hydrogen peroxide emerged as major redox metabolite operative in redox sensing, signaling and redox regulation. Generation, transport and capture of H2O2in biological settings as well as their biological consequences can now be addressed. The present overview focuses on recent progress on metabolic sources and sinks of H2O2and on the role of H2O2in redox signaling under physiological conditions (1-10nM), denoted as oxidative eustress. Higher concentrations lead to adaptive stress responses via master switches such as Nrf2/Keap1 or NF-κB. Supraphysiological concentrations of H2O2(>100nM) lead to damage of biomolecules, denoted as oxidative distress. Three questions are addressed: How can H2O2be assayed in the biological setting? What are the metabolic sources and sinks of H2O2? What is the role of H2O2in redox signaling and oxidative stress?
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Research in Environmental Medicine, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: sies@uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sies
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
keywords: H(2)O(2); Mitochondria; NADPH oxidases; Oxidative stress; Peroxiporins; Redox regulation