title: Postsurgical outcome in patients with olfactory auras and drug-resistant epilepsy.
abstract: We investigated the clinical features associated with olfactory auras in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and also hypothesized that this type of aura may predict worse postsurgical outcome in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  
  In this retrospective analysis, data from all patients with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery were reviewed. Patients were prospectively registered in a database from 1986 through 2016. We assessed outcome in the first 5years after surgery to produce a Kaplan-Meier estimate of seizure recurrence. Post-surgical outcome was classified into two groups; 1) seizure-free, with or without auras; or 2) relapse of complex partial or secondarily generalized seizures. We also investigated the clinical features of patients with TLE and olfactory auras compared with those without olfactory auras.
  
  
  
  We studied 1186 patients. Thirty-seven patients (3.1%) reported olfactory auras with their seizures. Thirty-two patients had temporal lobe surgery. Intracranial video-EEG recording was performed in four patients. Three patients with lateral temporal neocortical seizures reported olfactory auras with their seizures; two of them were seizure-free after surgery. There were no significant clinical differences between patients with TLE and olfactory auras compared with those without. Seizure outcome after surgery was not significantly different between these two groups (p=0.3; Cox-Mantel test).
  
  
  
  The rarity of olfactory auras makes it difficult to propose new diagnostic and treatment strategies. A multicenter approach, which can enroll more patients, is needed to devise better therapies for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and this symptom.
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: aliasadipooya@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Ali A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Asadi-Pooya
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: maromi.nei@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Maromi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nei
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Elizabeth.Centurion@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Centurion
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: Matthew.Lorenzo@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: michael.sperling@jefferson.edu.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sperling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000069279:Drug Resistant Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055696:Olfactory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Aura; Epilepsy; Olfactory; Outcome; Surgery