title: Gastrin-releasing peptide induces monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium by upregulating endothelial adhesion molecules.
abstract: Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that plays roles in various pathophysiological conditions including inflammatory diseases in peripheral tissues; however, little is known about whether GRP can directly regulate endothelial inflammatory processes. In this study, we showed that GRP promotes the adhesion of leukocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the aortic endothelium. GRP increased the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in endothelial cells. In addition, GRP activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), p38MAPK, and AKT, and the inhibition of these signaling pathways significantly reduced GRP-induced monocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Overall, our results suggested that GRP may cause endothelial dysfunction, which could be of particular relevance in the development of vascular inflammatory disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
authors.forename: Mi-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea; Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yeon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyung Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Pharmacology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Physiology, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, South Korea. Electronic address: mkbae@pusan.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moon-Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061307:Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020298:U937 Cells; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Endothelial adhesion molecules; Gastrin-releasing peptide; NF-kappaB; Vascular endothelial cells