title: [Intraoperative pitfalls and complications in defecation disorders and rectal prolapse].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No generally accepted gold standard exists for the operative therapy of rectal prolapse in its variety of manifestations. Existing evidence suggests that an individualized choice of procedure provides the best result for each single patient. Knowledge of possible pitfalls and intraoperative management of complications in frequently applied procedures are important prerequisites for reliable treatment of affected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 233 patients (June 2011-May 2016) with individualized choice of operative procedure in patients with rectal prolapse and rectocele based on an algorithm for a clinical treatment pathway and stapled hemorrhoidopexy were included. Intraoperative pitfalls and complications and their management (iPCM) were prospectively documented and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The iPCM could be classified into three different categories: group I: iPCM was immediately noted and intraoperatively treated with no impact on the further clinical course (n = 20), group II: iPCM was successfully treated conservatively within a short time after the procedure (n = 9) and group III: iPCM required surgical revision (n = 5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individualized treatment of rectal prolapse and rectocele requires a broad spectrum of methods in specialized coloproctology units. A clinical treatment pathway facilitates the optimal choice of procedure. Overall the complication rates during surgical treatment of transanal rectal prolapse are low; however, available operative procedures hold specific risks and knowledge of these risks helps to avoid them. Once complications occur, measures demonstrated in this study lead to normal clinical courses in the majority of cases.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein- u. Viszeralchirurgie mit Sektion Proktologie, Raphaelsklinik Münster, Loerstraße 23, 48143, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buhr
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein- u. Viszeralchirurgie mit Sektion Proktologie, Raphaelsklinik Münster, Loerstraße 23, 48143, Münster, Deutschland.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Allgemein- u. Viszeralchirurgie mit Sektion Proktologie, Raphaelsklinik Münster, Loerstraße 23, 48143, Münster, Deutschland. e.allemeyer@raphaelsklinik.de.
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Allemeyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003672:Defecation; D005260:Female; D061865:Hemorrhoidectomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000601:surgery*; D020047:Rectocele / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000295:instrumentation
keywords: Clinical pathway; Complication management; Pitfalls; Rectal prolapse; Rectocele