title: Bridging the Response to Mass Shootings and Urban Violence: Exposure to Violence in New Haven, Connecticut.
abstract: We have described self-reported exposure to gun violence in an urban community of color to inform the movement toward a public health approach to gun violence prevention. The Community Alliance for Research and Engagement at Yale School of Public Health conducted community health needs assessments to document chronic disease prevalence and risk, including exposure to gun violence. We conducted surveys with residents in six low-income neighborhoods in New Haven, Connecticut, using a neighborhood-stratified, population-based sample (n = 1189; weighted sample to represent the neighborhoods, n = 29 675). Exposure to violence is pervasive in these neighborhoods: 73% heard gunshots; many had family members or close friends hurt (29%) or killed (18%) by violent acts. Although all respondents live in low-income neighborhoods, exposure to violence differs by race/ethnicity and social class. Residents of color experienced significantly more violence than did White residents, with a particularly disparate increase among young Black men aged 18 to 34 years. While not ignoring societal costs of horrific mass shootings, we must be clear that a public health approach to gun violence prevention means focusing on the dual epidemic of mass shootings and urban violence.
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Alycia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santilli
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Connor Duffany
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carroll-Scott
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Jordan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agnoli
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Geliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.affiliation: At the time of study, Alycia Santilli, Kathleen O'Connor Duffany, Jordan Thomas, and Jeannette Ickovics were with the Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT. Amy Carroll-Scott is with the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Ann Greene, Anita Arora, and Alicia Agnoli are with the Robert Wood John Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven. Geliang Gan is with the Yale Center for Analytic Science, Yale School of Public Health.
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ickovics
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D003237:Connecticut / Q000453:epidemiology; D000069581:Exposure to Violence / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D054527:Mass Casualty Incidents; D008875:Middle Aged; D011204:Poverty Areas; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology