title: Nipah virus: transmission of a zoonotic paramyxovirus.
abstract: Nipah virus is a recently-recognised, zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe disease and high fatality rates in people. Outbreaks have occurred in Malaysia, Singapore, India and Bangladesh, and a putative Nipah virus was also recently associated with human disease in the Philippines. Worryingly, human-to-human transmission is common in Bangladesh, where outbreaks occur with near-annual frequency. Onward human transmission of Nipah virus in Bangladesh is associated with close contact with clinically-unwell patients or their infectious secretions. While Nipah virus isolates associated with outbreaks of human infection have not resulted in sustained transmission to date, specific exposures carry a high risk of person-to-person transmission, an observation which is supported by recent findings in animal models. Novel paramyxoviruses continue to emerge from wildlife hosts, and represent an ongoing threat to human health globally.
authors.affiliation: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, Victoria 3219, Australia. Electronic address: Bronwyn.Clayton@csiro.au.
authors.forename: Bronwyn Anne
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious; D045464:Henipavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*