title: Fragility of the provision of local public goods to private and collective risks.
abstract: Smallholder agricultural systems, strongly dependent on water resources and investments in shared infrastructure, make a significant contribution to food security in developing countries. These communities are being increasingly integrated into the global economy and are exposed to new global climate-related risks that may affect their willingness to cooperate in community-level collective action problems. We performed field experiments on public goods with private and collective risks in 118 small-scale rice-producing communities in four countries. Our results indicate that increasing the integration of those communities with the broader economic system is associated with lower investments in public goods when facing collective risks. These findings indicate that local public good provision may be negatively affected by collective risks, especially in communities more integrated with the market economy.
authors.affiliation: School of Economics, University of the Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
authors.forename: Juan-Camilo
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cárdenas
authors.affiliation: School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu.|Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1240-9052
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental and Agricultural Policy Research, Extension, and Development, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
authors.forename: Manita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ale
authors.affiliation: International Water Management Institute, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bastakoti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Systems Research, Osnabrück University, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Economy and Development, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
authors.forename: Juthathip
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chalermphol
authors.affiliation: School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China.
authors.forename: Yazhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.affiliation: Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.|School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
authors.forename: Hoon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Resources, and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ganesh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shivakoti
authors.affiliation: National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
authors.forename: Yibo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.|Center for Behavior, Institutions, and the Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.|School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anderies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D002681:China; D057231:Climate Change; D003105:Colombia; D003256:Community Participation; D005523:Food Supply; D006801:Humans; D009390:Nepal; D012275:Oryza; D012306:Risk; D013785:Thailand
keywords: commons; framed field experiments; irrigation; public goods; risk