title: Effects of superabsorbent polymers on the fate of fungicidal carbendazim in soils.
abstract: Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have been extensively used as soil amendments to retain water, and they often coexist with pesticides in agricultural fields. However, effects of SAPs on the fate of pesticides in soil remain poorly understood. In this study, a laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of SAPs on the transformation of14C-carbendazim in soils. The results showed that compared to the SAPs-free control, 11.4% relative reduction of14C-carbendazim extractable residue was observed in red clayey soil with SAPs amendment after 100days of incubation (p<0.05). Carbendazim dissipation was enhanced by 34.7%, while no obvious difference was found in loamy soil and saline soil (p>0.05). SAPs changed the profiles of major metabolites (2-aminobenzimidazole and 2-hydroxybenzimidazole) to some extent. After 100days of SAPs treatment, the mineralization of14C-carbendazim was significantly reduced by 37.6% and 41.2% in loamy soil and saline soil, respectively, relative to the SAPs-free treatment (p<0.05). SAPs increased the bound residue of carbendazim by 11.1-19.1% in comparison with SAPs-free controls. These findings suggest SAPs amendments significantly affected the fate of carbendazim and attention should be given to the assessment of environmental and ecological safety of pesticides in SAPs-amended soils.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yatian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. Electronic address: wanghaiyan@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Sufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Yupeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China. Electronic address: qfye@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Qingfu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ye
keywords: Carbendazim; Metabolites; Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs); Transformation