title: The Development of a Brief Version of the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI-9).
abstract: Negative posttraumatic cognitions lead to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. There is a need for a brief measure to assess these cognitions. Participants were administered the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory (PTCI) and measures of mental health symptomatology. These data were used to develop a brief version of the PTCI (PTCI-9) in 223 male and female veterans, which was then examined in a sample of 117 female civilians. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated an acceptable fit in both samples. The PTCI-9 total and subscale scores showed strong internal consistencies (Cronbach's αs = .80-.87) and strong correlations with the PTCI in veterans ( rs = .90-.96) and civilians ( rs = .91-.96). Measurement invariance testing demonstrated partial invariance between the two samples. The PTCI-9 significantly correlated with measures of PTSD, depression, and quality of life. These findings demonstrate that the PTCI-9 is a reliable and valid measure of posttraumatic cognitions that can reduce patient and provider burden.
authors.affiliation: 1 San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.|2 San Diego State University/University of California Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology.|3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.affiliation: 1 San Diego VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.|3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Morland
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Elisa M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.affiliation: 4 National Center for PTSD-Pacific Islands Division, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kloezeman
authors.affiliation: 4 National Center for PTSD-Pacific Islands Division, Honolulu, HI, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mackintosh
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Aarons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000067073:Psychological Trauma / Q000523:psychology*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014728:Veterans; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: assessment; brief measures; posttraumatic cognitions; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychometrics