title: Neurodegeneration and Glial Response after Acute Striatal Stroke: Histological Basis for Neuroprotective Studies.
abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of death and neurological disability worldwide and striatal ischemic stroke is frequent in humans due to obstruction of middle cerebral artery. Several pathological events underlie damage progression and a comprehensive description of the pathological features following experimental stroke in both acute and chronic survival times is a necessary step for further functional studies. Here, we explored the patterns of microglial activation, astrocytosis, oligodendrocyte damage, myelin impairment, and Nogo-A immunoreactivity between 3 and 30 postlesion days (PLDs) after experimental striatal stroke in adult rats induced by microinjections of endothelin-1 (ET-1). The focal ischemia induced tissue loss concomitant with intense microglia activation between 3 and 14 PLDs (maximum at 7 PLDs), decreasing afterward. Astrocytosis was maximum around 7 PLDs. Oligodendrocyte damage and Nogo-A upregulation were higher at 3 PLDs. Myelin impairment was maximum between 7 and 14 PLDs. Nogo-A expression was higher in the first week in comparison to control. The results add important histopathological features of ET-1 induced stroke in subacute and chronic survival times. In addition, the establishment of the temporal evolution of these neuropathological events is an important step for future studies seeking suitable neuroprotective drugs targeting neuroinflammation and white matter damage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1486-4013
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana N S
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Santana
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elder M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina A
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luanna M P
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Enio Mauricio N
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Patrycy Assis N
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ijair Rogério
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gimarães-Santos
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Federal University of Pará, 66075-900 Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Walace
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5841-9320
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gomes-Leal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000633:toxicity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008853:Microscopy; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000070798:Nogo Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D066127:White Matter / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D000070798:Nogo Proteins