title: Microbial biotransformation of five pyrrolidinophenone-type psychoactive substances in wastewater and a wastewater isolated Pseudomonas putida strain.
abstract: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) employs the analysis of wastewater to detect and quantify drug use and discharge within a community. In this work, transformation products (TP) by microbes in the environment were identified after incubations in wastewater and an isolated microbial strain. The microbial strain was isolated from an enrichment culture of wastewater supplemented with 3,4-methylenedioxy-pyrovalerone, and identified by matrix assisted laser desorption - time of flight mass spectrometry as Pseudomonas putida (P. putida). Five pyrrolidinophenone-type psychoactive substances (PPPS) were then incubated in wastewater and in P. putida tryptic soy broth (TSB) growth cultures. TPs were identified using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry techniques. All TPs observed in P. putida TSB growth cultures were also identified in wastewater incubations. The main TP for all PPPSs in P. putida TSB growth cultures, and two PPPSs incubated in wastewater, were the N-desalkyl-carboxy-TPs. The study showed P. putida TSB growth cultures used for identification of TPs in wastewater, represent parts of the microbial community. With data provided in this type of experiments more information will be available to select targets for monitoring drug use by WBE. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mardal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ibáñez
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ruffing
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Félix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Markus R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4377-6784
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Meyer
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D016958:Pseudomonas putida / Q000378:metabolism*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000379:methods; D062065:Wastewater / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Pseudomonas putida; microbial biotransformation; new psychoactive substances; wastewater-based epidemiology