title: Differences in Beef Quality between Angus (Bos taurus taurus) and Nellore (Bos taurus indicus) Cattle through a Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Approach.
abstract: Proteins are the major constituents of muscle and are key molecules regulating the metabolic changes during conversion of muscle to meat. Brazil is one of the largest exporters of beef and most Brazilian cattle are composed by zebu (Nellore) genotype. Bos indicus beef is generally leaner and tougher than Bos taurus such as Angus. The aim of this study was to compare the muscle proteomic and phosphoproteomic profile of Angus and Nellore. Seven animals of each breed previously subjected the same growth management were confined for 84 days. Proteins were extracted from Longissimus lumborum samples collected immediately after slaughter and separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Pro-Q Diamond stain was used in phosphoproteomics. Proteins identification was performed using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain, troponin-T, myosin light chain-1 fragment, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase and 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein were more abundant in Nellore, while myosin light chain 3, prohibitin, mitochondrial stress-70 protein and heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 were more abundant in Angus (P<0.05). Nellore had higher phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain-2, alpha actin-1, triosephosphate isomerase and 14-3-3 protein epsilon. However, Angus had greater phosphorylation of phosphoglucomutase-1 and troponin-T (P<0.05). Therefore, proteins involved in contraction and muscle organization, myofilaments expressed in fast or slow-twitch fibers and heat shock proteins localized in mitochondria or sarcoplasmic reticulum and involved in cell flux of calcium and apoptosis might be associated with differences in beef quality between Angus and Nellore. Furthermore, prohibitin appears to be a potential biomarker of intramuscular fat in cattle. Additionally, differences in phosphorylation of myofilaments and glycolytic enzymes could be involved with differences in muscle contraction force, susceptibility to calpain, apoptosis and postmortem glycolysis, which might also be related to differences in beef quality among Angus and Nellore.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Torres de Souza
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-8299
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Mario Luiz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chizzotti
authors.affiliation: Center for Analysis of Biomolecules, Nubiomol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Camilo Elber
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Vital
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Baracat-Pereira
authors.affiliation: Center for Analysis of Biomolecules, Nubiomol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edvaldo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Costa
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Busato
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rafael Aparecido
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Márcio Machado
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ladeira
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Taiane da Silva
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Martins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001938:Brazil; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D063427:Food Quality; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000091402:Prohibitins; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D060066:Protein Interaction Maps; D040901:Proteomics; D000069466:Red Meat / Q000032:analysis; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000091402:Prohibitins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D005947:Glucose