title: Quality of sleep in renal transplant recipients and patients on hemodialysis.
abstract: Sleep disorders are very common in patients with chronic kidney disease and they may not always subside after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  
  The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the self-reported quality of sleep, insomnia problems in particular, and examine the factors that disturb sleep of kidney transplant recipients (KTx: n=152) in comparison to age- and sex-matched patients on dialysis (HD: n=67) and participants with normal renal function (NOR: n=49), through the administration of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) at least six months after transplantation. Clinical and laboratory data, as well as health-related quality of life, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and the presence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and pruritus were investigated in relation to sleep problems.
  
  
  
  The highest mean AIS score was observed in the transplant patients (KTx: 4.6±13.3 vs. HD: 3.8±8.1 vs. NOR: 2.4±10.2); both KTx and HD patients had a lower quality of sleep compared to participants with normal renal function. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the determinants of the total AIS score were the frequency of post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, RLS, diastolic blood pressure, and pain (all p<0.0001).
  
  
  
  Although amelioration of renal function post-transplantation improves several aspects of quality of life, it does not seem to have a beneficial effect on self-reported sleep.
authors.affiliation: Dialysis Unit, "Protypo Nefrologiko Kentro Attikis", Athens, Greece. Electronic address: paraskeviliaveri@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Paraskevi G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Liaveri
authors.affiliation: Sleep Research Unit, First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Eginition" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dikeos
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Unit, "Elena Venizelou" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ilias
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Science, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Eirini P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Lygkoni
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Renal Transplantation Unit, "Laikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Ioannis N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Boletis
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Department, Renal Transplantation Unit, "Laikon" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Chryssanthi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Skalioti
authors.affiliation: Sleep Research Unit, First Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, "Eginition" Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paparrigopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012148:Restless Legs Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Blood pressure; Hemodialysis; PTSD; Renal transplantation; Sleep quality