title: Arabidopsis PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE4 mediates root hair growth.
abstract: Polar growth of root hairs is critical for plant survival and requires fine-tuned Rho of plants (ROP) signaling. Multiple ROP regulators participate in root hair growth. However, protein S-acyl transferases (PATs), mediating the S-acylation and membrane partitioning of ROPs, are yet to be found. Using a reverse genetic approach, combining fluorescence probes, pharmacological drugs, site-directed mutagenesis and genetic analysis with related root-hair mutants, we have identified and characterized an Arabidopsis PAT, which may be responsible for ROP2 S-acylation in root hairs. Specifically, functional loss of PAT4 resulted in reduced root hair elongation, which was rescued by a wild-type but not an enzyme-inactive PAT4. Membrane-associated ROP2 was significantly reduced in pat4, similar to S-acylation-deficient ROP2 in the wild type. We further showed that PAT4 and SCN1, a ROP regulator, additively mediate the stability and targeting of ROP2. The results presented here indicate that PAT4-mediated S-acylation mediates the membrane association of ROP2 at the root hair apex and provide novel insights into dynamic ROP signaling during plant tip growth.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Fu-Rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Qiang-Nan
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Sha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000217:Acyltransferases; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C499714:AT1G20090 protein, Arabidopsis
keywords: 
  Arabidopsis thaliana
  ; actin microfilament; protein S-acylation; rho of plants GTPase; root hair growth