title: The economic burden of nurse-sensitive adverse events in 22 medical-surgical units: retrospective and matching analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of nurse-sensitive adverse events in 22 acute-care units in Quebec by estimating excess hospital-related costs and calculating resulting additional hospital days.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recent changes in the worldwide economic and financial contexts have made the cost of patient safety a topical issue. Yet, our knowledge about the economic burden of safety of nursing care is quite limited in Canada in general and Quebec in particular.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of charts of 2699 patients hospitalized between July 2008 - August 2009 for at least 2 days of 30-day periods in 22 medical-surgical units in 11 hospitals in Quebec.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from September 2009 to August 2010. Nurse-sensitive adverse events analysed were pressure ulcers, falls, medication administration errors, pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Descriptive statistics identified numbers of cases for each nurse-sensitive adverse event. A literature analysis was used to estimate excess median hospital-related costs of treatments with these nurse-sensitive adverse events. Costs were calculated in 2014 Canadian dollars. Additional hospital days were estimated by comparing lengths of stay of patients with nurse-sensitive adverse events with those of similar patients without nurse-sensitive adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This study found that five adverse events considered nurse-sensitive caused nearly 1300 additional hospital days for 166 patients and generated more than Canadian dollars 600,000 in excess treatment costs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results present the financial consequences of the nurse-sensitive adverse events. Government should invest in prevention and in improvements to care quality and patient safety. Managers need to strengthen safety processes in their facilities and nurses should take greater precautions.
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-0478
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tchouaket
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Carl-Ardy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-4796
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.affiliation: Nursing Department, University of Montreal, Québec, Canada.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Amour
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011792:Quebec; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: adverse events; economic burden; hospital-related costs; length of stay; matching; nurse-sensitive