title: The role of supervisor emotional support on individual job satisfaction: A multilevel analysis.
abstract: Supervisor emotional support is a strong determinant of job satisfaction. There is no study examining the effect of supervisor emotional support at the group level on job satisfaction. Multilevel statistical techniques can help disentangle the effects of subjective assessments from those of group factors.
  
  
  
  The study's aim was to examine the moderating role of supervisor emotional support (group-level variable) on the relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction (individual-level variables).
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study was performed in 39units from three Belgian hospitals. A total of 323 nurses completed a self-reported questionnaire. We carried out a multilevel analysis by using Hierarchical Linear Modeling.
  
  
  
  The results showed that the cross-level interaction was significant. Hence, at individual-level, the nurses with high levels of work engagement showed high levels of job satisfaction and this relationship was stronger when supervisor emotional support at group-level was high.
  
  
  
  Contextual differences among groups had an impact on the form of the work engagement-job satisfaction relationship. This relationship between work engagement and job satisfaction is an individual and group level phenomenon. Ways to enhance emotional supervisor support include training supervisors in providing support and enhancing communication between nurses and supervisors.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche en Psychologie du Travail et de la consommation, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: maura.galletta@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galletta
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology; D024382:Professional Role; D012944:Social Support
keywords: Job satisfaction; Multilevel analysis; Nurses; Supervisor emotional support; Work engagement