title: Temperament and character traits in female adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temperament and character traits of adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury disorder (NSSI) might differentiate those- with and without comorbid borderline personality disorder (BPD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 57 female adolescents with NSSI disorder without BPD (NSSI - BPD), 14 adolescents with NSSI disorder and BPD (NSSI + BPD), 32 clinical controls (CC), and 64 nonclinical controls (NC). Temperament and character traits were assessed with the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, and impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and a Go/NoGo task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adolescents with NSSI disorder scored significantly higher on novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower on persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness than CC. The NSSI + BPD group scored even higher than the NSSI - BPD group on novelty seeking and harm avoidance and lower on persistence and cooperativeness (d ≥ 0.72). Adolescents with NSSI reported higher levels of impulsivity than the CC and NC group. However, this difference was not found in a Go/NoGo task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results provide further evidence for a distinct diagnostic entity of NSSI disorder.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 12, 76829 Landau, Germany.
authors.forename: Taru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tschan
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 12, 76829 Landau, Germany.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peter-Ruf
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.affiliation: Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstraße 12, 76829 Landau, Germany.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: In-Albon
keywords: Borderline personality disorder; Character; Go/NoGo; Impulsivity; Nonsuicidal self-injury; Temperament