title: Expression and significance of calreticulin in human osteosarcoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As one of the endoplasmic reticulum proteins, calreticulin (CRT) plays a significant role in the body, and it has been used by many researchers as a target for anti-tumor therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The main purpose of the present study was to study expression of CRT of human osteosarcoma, and analyze the distinctions between normal and tumor tissues, pre- and post-chemotherapy patients, and metastatic and non-metastatic tumors in respect to this expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunofluorescent staining was used in order to investigate expression of CRT in diverse tissues. The whole RNA and proteins were extracted from the crushed tissues and used in the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study detected expression of CRT in patients with osteosarcoma and revealed a higher expression level in normal tissues surrounding tumors compared with tumor tissues, in the non-metastasis group compared with the metastasis group, and in the chemotherapy group compared with the non-chemotherapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results could indicate a brand-new biological marker which may be applied to estimate the features and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.|Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.|Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Wen-Peng
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Penglai City, Penglai, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: De-Sheng
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yong-Kui
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Ke
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qing
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C576483:CALR protein, human; D037282:Calreticulin
keywords: Calreticulin; Osteosarcoma; immunofluorescent staining; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; western blot analysis