title: Aldose reductase (AKR1B) deficiency promotes phagocytosis in bone marrow derived mouse macrophages.
abstract: Macrophages are critical drivers of the immune response during infection and inflammation. The pathogenesis of several inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes, cancer and sepsis has been linked with aldose reductase (AR), a member of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. However, the role of AR in the early stages of innate immunity such as phagocytosis remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of AR in regulating the growth and the phagocytic activity of bone marrow-derived mouse macrophages (BMMs) from AR-null and wild-type (WT) mice. We found that macrophages derived from AR-null mice were larger in size and had a slower growth rate than those derived from WT mice. The AR-null macrophages also displayed higher basal, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated phagocytic activity than WT macrophages. Moreover, absence of AR led to a marked increase in cellular levels of both ATP and NADPH. These data suggest that metabolic pathways involving AR suppress macrophage energy production, and that inhibition of AR could induce a favorable metabolic state that promotes macrophage phagocytosis. Hence, modulation of macrophage metabolism by inhibition of AR might represent a novel strategy to modulate host defense responses and to modify metabolism to promote macrophage hypertrophy and phagocytosis under inflammatory conditions.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Mahavir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, SSM Health St. Mary's Hospital, Clayton Rd., Richmond Heights, MO, USA.
authors.forename: Aniruddh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.affiliation: Beckman Coulter, 4862 Innovation Dr., Fort Collins, CO, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCracken
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
authors.forename: Bradford
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.affiliation: Diabetes and Obesity Center, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address: aruni@louisville.edu.
authors.forename: Aruni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bhatnagar
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis
chemical_list: D009249:NADP; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase
keywords: Aldose reductase; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Macrophages; Metabolism; Phagocytosis