title: Duodenal Rare Neuroendocrine Tumor: Clinicopathological Characteristics of Patients with Gangliocytic Paraganglioma.
abstract: Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) has been regarded as a rare benign tumor that commonly arises from the second part of the duodenum. As GP does not exhibit either prominent mitotic activity or Ki-67 immunoreactivity, it is often misdiagnosed as neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1. However, the prognosis might be better in patients with GP than in those with NET G1. Therefore, it is important to differentiate GP from NET G1. Moreover, our previous study indicated that GP accounts for a substantial, constant percentage of duodenal NETs. In the present article, we describe up-to-date data on the clinicopathological characteristics of GP and on the immunohistochemical findings that can help differentiate GP from NET G1, as largely revealed in our new and larger literature survey and recent multi-institutional retrospective study. Furthermore, we would like to refer to differential diagnosis and clinical management of this tumor and provide intriguing information about the risk factors for lymph node metastasis on GP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7079-4454
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokose
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.affiliation: Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Washimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Kae
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Madoka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, 6-11-1 Omori-Nishi, Ota-Ku, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kameda