title: The Spatial Release of Cognitive Load in Cocktail Party Is Determined by the Relative Levels of the Talkers.
abstract: In a multi-talker situation, spatial separation between talkers reduces cognitive processing load: this is the "spatial release of cognitive load". The present study investigated the role played by the relative levels of the talkers on this spatial release of cognitive load. During the experiment, participants had to report the speech emitted by a target talker in the presence of a concurrent masker talker. The spatial separation (0° and 120° angular distance in azimuth) and the relative levels of the talkers (adverse, intermediate, and favorable target-to-masker ratio) were manipulated. The cognitive load was assessed with a prefrontal functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Data from 14 young normal-hearing listeners revealed that the target-to-masker ratio had a direct impact on the spatial release of cognitive load. Spatial separation significantly reduced the prefrontal activity only for the intermediate target-to-masker ratio and had no effect on prefrontal activity for the favorable and the adverse target-to-masker ratios. Therefore, the relative levels of the talkers might be a key point to determine the spatial release of cognitive load and more specifically the prefrontal activity induced by spatial cues in multi-talker situations.
authors.affiliation: Département Action et Cognition en Situation Opérationnelle, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place du général Valérie André, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France. guillaume.andeol@defense.gouv.fr.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Andéol
authors.affiliation: Département Action et Cognition en Situation Opérationnelle, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 1 place du général Valérie André, BP 73, 91223, Brétigny sur Orge, France.
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suied
authors.affiliation: Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, BP 54032, 31055, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scannella
authors.affiliation: Département Conception et conduite des véhicules Aéronautiques et Spatiaux, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace, BP 54032, 31055, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dehais
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; D013063:Speech Discrimination Tests; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: cocktail party; cognitive load; near infrared spectroscopy; prefrontal cortex; spatial cues