title: TLR-induced immunomodulatory cytokine expression by human gingival stem/progenitor cells.
abstract: During therapeutic application, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may interact with their environment via their expressed toll-like-receptors (TLRs) leading to pro- or anti-inflammatory immune responses. The present study aimed to describe the gingival margin-derived stem/progenitor cells' (G-MSCs) TLR-induced immune regulatory response to specific TLR agonists. Gingival cells were obtained, immunomagnetically sorted via anti-STRO-1 antibodies and seeded out to achieve colony forming units (CFUs). G-MSCs were investigated for stem cell characteristics and TLR expression. Specific TLR agonists were applied and m-RNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors was analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. G-MSCs showed all characteristics of stem/progenitor cells. All TLR agonists induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, except for the TLR3 agonist, which significantly promoted the anti-inflammatory response. (p⩽0.05, Wilcoxon-Signed-Ranks-Test). TLR-induced immunomodulation by G-MSCs could impact their therapeutic potential in vivo. Two distinctive pro-inflammatory and an anti-inflammatory TLR-induced phenotypes of G-MSCs become noticeable in this study.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: mekhemar@konspar.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Mohamed K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mekhemar
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Institut für Immunologie, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: sadam@email.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adam-Klages
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein, Institut für Immunologie, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: Dietrich.Kabelitz@uksh.de.
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kabelitz
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, Kiel, Germany. Electronic address: doerfer@konspar.uni-kiel.de.
authors.forename: Christof E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Dörfer
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht's University, Kiel, Germany; Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Electronic address: karimf78@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Karim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Fawzy El-Sayed
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000276:immunology*; D055666:Lipopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3 / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000819:agonists / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D055666:Lipopeptides; C508075:Pam(3)CSK(4) peptide; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Gingiva; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Polymerase chain reaction; Stem cells; Toll-like receptors