title: Downregulation of Ethylene Production Increases Mycelial Growth and Primordia Formation in the Button Culinary-Medicinal Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Agaricomycetes).
abstract: Ethylene biosynthesis and function in Agaricus bisporus (the button mushroom) remain uncertain. The enzyme activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) were detectable in A. bisporus AS2796 and inhibited by α-aminooxyacetic acid and Co2+. We cloned and sequenced 2 ACS genes (Ab-ACS1 and Ab-ACS2) and 1 ACO gene (Ab-ACO) from the mushroom strain. Ab-ACS1 and Ab-ACS2 demonstrated low amino acid sequence similarity. Ab-ACO demonstrated an amino acid sequence completely identical to that of ACO1_AGABI from A. bisporus. Antisense ACO significantly reduced ACO gene expression level, ACO enzyme activity, and ethylene production in the mushroom transformants. The transformants grew faster than the wild-type strain in sterilized compost and normally formed primordia when cultivated in sterilized compost with the sterilized casing vermiculite, but the wild-type strain did not. Our results show that ethylene is synthesized in button mushrooms via the ACC pathway. Ethylene inhibited button mushroom mycelial growth and development.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Chaohui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiaoting
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuancheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.affiliation: College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
authors.forename: Jinwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Andong
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering of Agricultural Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Liyou
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuncan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ai
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D008190:Lyases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025282:Mycelium / Q000254:growth & development*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D005656:Fungal Proteins; C036216:ethylene; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C059460:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase; D008190:Lyases; C021773:1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylate synthase