title: Chest CT Features of Cystic Fibrosis in Korea: Comparison with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Diseases.
abstract: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare congenital disease in Korea, and its clinical and imaging findings are unclear. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical and CT features of CF in Korea and compare its features with those of other diseases mimicking CF.
  
  
  
  From November 1994 to December 2014, a presumptive diagnosis of CF was made in 23 patients based on clinical or radiological examination. After the exclusion of 10 patients without diagnostic confirmation, 13 patients were included in the study. A diagnosis of CF was made with the CF gene study. CT findings were evaluated for the presence and distribution of parenchymal abnormalities including bronchiectasis, tree-in-bud (TIB) pattern, mucus plugging, consolidation, and mosaic attenuation.
  
  
  
  Of the 13 patients, 7 (median age, 15 years) were confirmed as CF, 4 (median age, 19 years) had primary ciliary dyskinesia, 1 had bronchiectasis of unknown cause, and 1 had chronic asthma. CT of patients with CF showed bilateral bronchiectasis, TIB pattern, mosaic attenuation, and mucus plugging in all patients, with upper lung predominance (57%). In CT of the non-CF patients, bilateral bronchiectasis, TIB pattern, mosaic attenuation, and mucus plugging were also predominant features, with lower lung predominance (50%).
  
  
  
  Korean patients with CF showed bilateral bronchiectasis, cellular bronchiolitis, mucus plugging, and mosaic attenuation, which overlapped with those of non-CF patients. CF gene study is recommended for the definitive diagnosis of CF in patients with these clinical and imaging features.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: So Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea.
authors.forename: Min Jae
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Jung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001987:Bronchiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002925:Ciliary Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D056910:Republic of Korea; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Asthma; Computed tomography; Cystic fibrosis; Korea; Primary ciliary dyskinesia