title: Effect ofAegle marmelosandMurraya koenigiiin treatment of delayed pubertal buffaloes heifers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aims to study the estrus induction, ovulation, and conception rate of delayed puberty in buffaloes heifers by feeding a herbal plantsAegle marmelos(bael/bili/bhel leaf) andMurraya koenigii(Curry leaf).
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally, 24 buffalo heifers with delayed puberty were selected for the present study and divided randomly in four equal groups (n=6). Before experiment, all animals were dewormed with albendazole at 10 mg/kg body weight to prevent them from the stress of parasitism. In the present experiment, four group taken and Group I (n=6) treated withA. marmelos, Group II (n=6) treated withM. koenigii, Group III (n=6) treated with mixture ofA. marmelosandM. koenigiiand fed for 9 days. Group IV (n=6) considered as control and fed with concentrate only. The blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before treatment), 4, 9 (during treatment), on the day of estrus and day 8 after the onset of estrus. The 10 ml blood was collected from the jugular vein of all the experimental animals for estimation of serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and progesterone (P4). The estrus response, ovulation, conception rate along with serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus, and progesterone level were determined by the standard protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From Group III 4 heifers, from Group II 3 heifers, and from Group I and IV (Control) 2 heifers each, exhibited the estrus. The estrus response was recorded as 33.33%, 50.00%, 75.00%, and 33.33% in Group I, Group II, Group III, and Group IV, respectively. In treatment Group III, serum calcium found significantly more (p<0.05) on day 8 post-estrus as compared to other groups at a similar interval. Inorganic phosphorus and progesterone show no significant difference between groups. The ovulation and conception rates are comparatively better in Group III (75%) buffalo heifers than other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herbal supplementation ofA. marmelosandM. koenigiiin combination, as well as M. koenigii alone, were found effective in fertility improvement in delayed pubertal buffalo heifers by increasing ovulation and conception rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mohan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baitule
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gawande
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Umesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sahatpure
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal & Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur - 440 006, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Manoj S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hislop College, Nagpur - 440 001, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Mansi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baitule
keywords: Aegle marmelos; Murraya koenigii; buffaloes heifer; conception rate; estrus; ovulation