title: Genotypic characterization of quinolone resistant-Escherichia coli isolates from retail food in Morocco.
abstract: This study was conducted to assess the retail food as a possible vehicle for antimicrobial resistant, particularly quinolones resistant and pathogenic Escherichia coli. We determined the prevalence and characteristics of nalidixic acid (Nal) resistant E. coli isolates from diverse retail food samples. In all, 70 (28%) of 250 E. coli isolates studied were Nal-resistant E. coli and 91% of these were multi-drug resistant. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance genes were identified in 32 isolates, including aac(6')-Ib-cr (n = 16), qnrS1 (n = 11) and qnrB19 (n = 7). Mutations in gyr A and par C genes were detected among 80% of the isolates, and the isolates showed substitution Ser83-Leu and Asp87-Asn in gyrA and Ser80-Ile in parC. In addition, three different gene cassettes were identified (aadA1, aadA7, aac(3)-Id) in 18%. Virulence-associated genes stx1, eae, sfa, hlyA and stx2 were found in six (8%), three (4%), two (3%), three (4%) and three (4%) isolates, respectively. E. coli isolates of phylogenetic group A were dominant (64%, 45/70). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed none epidemiological relationship between these isolates. The results of this work report the higher frequency of Nal-resistant E. coli isolates from Moroccan retail food samples including MDR and pathogenic isolates.
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc , Casablanca , Morocco.|b Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Kaotar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nayme
authors.affiliation: c Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Sultan Moulay Slimane , Beni Mellal , Morocco.
authors.forename: Abouddihaj
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barguigua
authors.affiliation: d Food Microbiology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Brahim
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouchrif
authors.affiliation: e Microbiology, Health and Environment Team Research, Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences, ChouaibDoukkali University , El Jadida , Morocco.
authors.forename: Bouchra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karraouan
authors.affiliation: f University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: El Otmani
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc , Casablanca , Morocco.|b Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II , Casablanca , Morocco.|f University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elmdaghri
authors.affiliation: b Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II , Casablanca , Morocco.|f University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Khalid
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zerouali
authors.affiliation: a Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc , Casablanca , Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timinouni
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009018:Morocco; D009154:Mutation; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015363:Quinolones; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D027081:DNA Gyrase
keywords: E. coli; Morocco; PFGE; quinolone-resistance; retail food; virulence genes