title: Simulated Microgravity Effects on Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite improvements in medical technology, lung cancer metastasis remains a global health problem. The effects of microgravity on cell morphology, structure, functions, and their mechanisms have been widely studied; however, the biological effects of simulated microgravity on the interaction between cells and its eventual influence on the characteristics of cancer cells are yet to be discovered. We examined the effects of simulated microgravity on the metastatic ability of different lung cancer cells using a random positioning machine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human lung cancer cell lines of adenocarcinoma (A549) and squamous cell carcinoma (H1703) were cultured in a 3D clinostat system which was continuously rotated at 5 rpm for 36 h. The experimental and control group were cultured under identical conditions with the exception of clinorotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simulated microgravity had different effects on each lung cancer cell line. In A549 cells, the proliferation rate of the clinostat group (2.267 ± 0.010) after exposure to microgravity did not differ from that of the control group (2.271 ± 0.020). However, in H1703 cells, the proliferation rates of the clinostat group (0.534 ± 0.021) was lower than that of the control group (1.082 ± 0.021). The migratory ability of both A549 [remnant cell-free area: 33% (clinostat) vs. 78% (control)] and H1703 cells [40% (clinostat) vs. 68% (control)] were increased after exposure to microgravity. The results of the molecular changes in biomarkers after exposure to microgravity are preliminary.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simulated microgravity had different effects on the proliferation and migration of different lung cancer cell lines.Chung JH, Ahn CB, Son KH, Yi E, Son HS, Kim H-S, Lee SH. Simulated microgravity effects on nonsmall cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):82-89.
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Chi Bum
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Kuk Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Eunjue
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Ho Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Han-Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C560822:TIMP1 protein, human; C560823:TIMP2 protein, human; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; C522361:MMP2 protein, human; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C579270:MMP9 protein, human; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9