title: Seven cases of localized invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical manifestations and prognoses in 7 patients with invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis (ISOA).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having ISOA at the Gifu University Hospital and Gifu Municipal Hospital between January 1993 and December 2015. Data were collected on demographics, initial manifestations, examination findings, treatments, clinical course, and outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the 7 patients with ISOA was 68 years; 5 of them had diabetes. The initial symptoms were reduced blurred vision (57%), unilateral headaches (43%), unilateral abnormal sensations or numbness of the periorbital area (43%), and external ophthalmoplegia (43%). The medical department that the patients first visited was the ophthalmology department in 57% of the cases. The initial CT showed bone destruction in 71% and calcification in 14% of the patients. Six of the 7 cases were misdiagnosed. The definitive diagnosis of ISOA was made by histopathologic examinations of the biopsy specimens, with an average of 2.6 biopsies. All patients received aggressive antifungal treatments after the diagnosis. However, the final visual outcome was no light perception in 86% and death related to the ISOA in 43% of the patients. Patients who were older at the onset had lower survival rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prognosis for patients with ISOA is poor in terms of both vision and life. Ophthalmologists are often the first examiner. ISOA should be considered in the differential diagnosis for patients with a gradually progressive orbital mass, unilateral headaches, numbness of the periorbital area, and a decrease in visual acuity of unknown origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, 7-1 Kashima-cho, Gifu-shi, Gifu-ken, 500-8513, Japan. hkawa-gif@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyofumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkusu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents
keywords: Aspergillus; Fungal sinusitis; Invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis