title: Inhibiting Effect of Lithium Chloride on Endotoxin-induced Uveitis in Rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of lithium chloride in endotoxin-induced uveitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 200 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group; EIU group; LiCl-treated control group; and LiCl-treated lipopolysaccharide group. Clinical score, slit-lamp photography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining were used to determine the degree of inflammatory reaction. Level of glycogen synthase kinase3-beta and nuclear factor-kappa B p65 in iris-ciliary body was examined by western blot and RT-PCR. Cytokines in aqueous humor were detected by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with LiCl produced an anti-inflammatory effect during endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). With LiCl treatment, the level of P-GSK3-β in iris-ciliary body was upregulated and the expression of NF-κB p65 was significantly suppressed during EIU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LiCl pretreatment can suppress intraocular inflammatory responses in EIU rats. Mechanistically, this anti-inflammatory effect may be related to the inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3-β.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xinli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Ophthalmology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China.
authors.forename: Jinyi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Xiaosheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Ophthalmology , Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007498:Iris / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014605:Uveitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C491815:glycogen synthase kinase 3 binding protein, rat; D018021:Lithium Chloride
keywords: Cytokines; endotoxin-induced uveitis; glycogen synthase kinase 3β; iris-ciliary body; lithium chloride