title: Is the bias for function-based explanations culturally universal? Children from China endorse teleological explanations of natural phenomena.
abstract: Young children in Western cultures tend to endorse teleological (function-based) explanations broadly across many domains, even when scientifically unwarranted. For instance, in contrast to Western adults, they explicitly endorse the idea that mountains were created for climbing, just like hats were created for warmth. Is this bias a product of culture or a product of universal aspects of human cognition? In two studies, we explored whether adults and children in Mainland China, a highly secular, non-Western culture, show a bias for teleological explanations. When explaining both object properties (Experiment 1) and origins (Experiment 2), we found evidence that they do. Whereas Chinese adults restricted teleological explanations to scientifically warranted cases, Chinese children endorsed them more broadly, extending them across different kinds of natural phenomena. This bias decreased with rising grade level across first, second, and fourth grades. Overall, these data provide evidence that children's bias for teleological explanations is not solely a product of Western Abrahamic cultures. Instead, it extends to other cultures, including the East Asian secular culture of modern-day China. This suggests that the bias for function-based explanations may be driven by universal aspects of human cognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: schachner@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Adena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schachner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Liqi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelemen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Cognitive development; Cross-cultural; Explanation; Relational reasoning; Religion; Teleology