title: Self-concept mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation as well as self-efficacy among drug addicts.
abstract: Childhood maltreatment is widely accepted as a risk factor for drug addiction from adolescence to adulthood. However, the influence of childhood maltreatment on drug treatment related variables, such as drug abstinence motivation and self-concept, as well as self-efficacy, remains unclear. This study aims at exploring whether self-concept mediates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation, as well as self-efficacy, among drug addicts.
  
  
  
  This study involves 816 (550 males, 226 females, mean age=34.59, range=16-58 years) drug addicts from compulsory detoxification units. Participants completed questionnaires, including the childhood trauma questionnaire 28 - item short form (CTQ - SF), Tennessee self-concept scale (TSCS), general self-efficacy scale (GSES), and drug abstinence motivation questionnaire (DAMQ).
  
  
  
  The structural equation model (SEM) analysis, including total and specific forms of maltreatment scores, showed that childhood maltreatment was negatively associated with self-concept, self-efficacy, and abstinence motivation. Self-concept was positively associated with self-efficacy and abstinence motivation. Conversely, significant association between self-efficacy and abstinence motivation did not exist. An indirect analysis showed that self-concept mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and self-efficacy. Critically, self-concept arbitrated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation. The indirect effect of self-concept between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation still existed when the total scores of maltreatment were replaced by the scores of specific forms of maltreatment.
  
  
  
  These results demonstrated that self-concept is a critical factor in understanding the relationship between childhood maltreatment and abstinence motivation, as well as self-efficacy, among drug addicts. Improving the sense of self-worth may be an effective intervention therapy among drug addicts with childhood maltreatment history.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
authors.forename: Feng-Ying
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: ADAPT Lab, Development Psychology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Si
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Ziyangsichuan Drug Abuse Treatment Center, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. Electronic address: tyl57525@126.com.
authors.forename: Yung-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055030:Drug Users / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Abstinence motivation; Childhood maltreatment; Self-concept; Self-efficacy