title: Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Extracts from Leaves of SomeMalus domesticaCultivars: Antiradical and Antimicrobial Analysis of These Extracts.
abstract: In this study, methanol, ethyl acetate, water extracts, and precipitate were obtained from leaves ofMalus domesticacultivars: Golden delicious, Jonagold, Elstar, Ligol, and Mutsu. Antiradical activity of these extracts was measured using the ABTS+∙radical, and antimicrobial activity was measured with the disk-diffusion method. Phenolic compounds were measured with the colorimetric method and identified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest antiradical activity was observed for the Jonagold variety, and in particular strong activity was noted for ethyl acetate extracts. Antimicrobial activity was observed against strains ofStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis, and the fungusCandida glabrata. Particularly susceptible to the extracts activity appeared to beStaphylococcus aureus, but the growth ofCandida glabratawas inhibited in the presence of ethyl acetate extracts. With the HPLC method we identified a high amount of phloridzin (above 500 mg per g of ethyl acetate extracts), lower amounts of hyperoside, isoquercitrin, and quercitrin, and traces ofp-hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids. The contribution of phloridzin to antiradical activity of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts was very high (above 90%). In water extract the contribution of phloridzin was between 38.9 and 55.2%, chlorogenic acid 22.7 and 36.1%, and hyperoside 12.2 and 13.3%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Borowska 211A, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sowa
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Units, Faculty of Pharmacy with Medical Analytics Division, Medical University of Lublin, Ul. Chodźki 1, Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zgórka
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Borowska 211A, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szykuła
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Chałubińskiego 4, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franiczek
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Borowska 211A, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Żbikowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Chałubińskiego 10, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gamian
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Borowska 211A, Wrocław, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6618-017X
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sroka
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003124:Colorimetry; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D010695:Phlorhizin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D010695:Phlorhizin