title: Quantification of Chloroflexi Eikelboom morphotype 1851 for prediction and control of bulking events in municipal activated sludge plants in Japan.
abstract: The dominant filamentous bacteria associated with bulking incidents in Japanese activated sludge plants with nutrient removal were identified and their quantitative correlations with sludge settleability were assessed, with the aim of controlling bulking incidents by specifically suppressing bacterial growth. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses using existing oligonucleotide FISH probes indicated that the presence of Eikelboom type 1851 filamentous bacteria belonging to the phylum Chloroflexi is correlated with biomass settleability in the municipal wastewater treatment plants examined. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays developed in this study also showed a linear correlation between type 1851 filament members and sludge settleability, with the exception of some winter samples. The real-time qPCR assays and 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing to reveal the microbial community of activated sludge showed that the abundance of type 1851 at 200 mL g-1of sludge volume index was estimated to be about 1.9% of the total microbial cells. The abundance of type 1851 served as a bulking indicator in plants where type 1851 was dominant.
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan. nittami@ynu.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nittami
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Lachlan B M
authors.initials: LBM
authors.lastname: Speirs
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, College of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Water Environment Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kurisu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC3086, Australia.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Seviour
mesh_terms: D058491:Bacterial Load; D058448:Biota; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007564:Japan; D054892:Metagenome; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Amplicon sequence; Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); Real-time qPCR; Sludge volume index (SVI); Type 1851/Kouleothrix