title: Comparative Analysis of Lighting Characteristics and Ultraviolet Emissions from Commercial Compact Fluorescent and Incandescent Lamps.
abstract: Some characteristics of lighting sources such as color properties and ultraviolet emissions have important roles on visual and non-visual health effects of lighting. This study aimed to investigate the light emissions of some compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and incandescent lamps commercially available to the Iranian consumers.
  
  
  
  Sixty lamps included 48 single envelope CFLs, and 12 incandescent lamps available in the electrical devices markets (in the west of Iran) were randomly selected from famous manufacturers between 2014 and 2015. Lighting characteristics and ultraviolet (UV) emissions were measured using spectroradiometer and calibrated radiometer, respectively. Data analysis was performed using SPSS16 software.
  
  
  
  Color-rendering indexes of the studied lamps were above 80, which showed good color properties. The daylight CFLs had more desirable and natural color temperature (near to 5000 0k) compared with the other types of the studied lamps. Occupational exposures for periods up 8 h to UVB from the studied lamps at distances up to 0.25 m were more than the recommended limits. Moreover, public exposures for periods up 16 h to UVB from the studied lamps at any distances up to 2 m were more than the recommended limits.
  
  
  
  Warm white lamps are suitable for homes usage, while daylight lamps can be used for offices rooms. Occupational exposure to single envelope CFLs near the body at distances of less than 25 cm can result in overexposure to actinic UV. Moreover, CFLs must be used at distances greater than 200 cm for public exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azizi
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
authors.forename: Rostam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Golmohammadi
authors.affiliation: Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. mohsen.aliabadi@umsha.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aliabadi
mesh_terms: D003116:Color; D003132:Commerce; D055615:Electrical Equipment and Supplies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D008027:Light; D008029:Lighting; D066192:Manufacturing Industry; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011874:Radiometry; D013696:Temperature; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
keywords: Compact fluorescent lamp; Incandescent lamp; Lighting characteristics; Ultraviolat emissions