title: Comparison of Various Indices of Energy Metabolism in Recumbent and Healthy Dairy Cows.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Downer cow syndrome (DCS) is often diagnosed in dairy cattle during the early post-partum period. The etiology of this condition is not completely understood, as it can be related to the energetic or electrolyte metabolism, as well as to infectious diseases or to trauma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to compare energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity indices and various biochemical parameters between recumbent and healthy dairy cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study has been undertaken on 361 recumbent and 80 healthy Holstein cows.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasmatic glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) were assayed in all cows in order to calculate the insulin sensitivity indices but also minerals (Calcium, Phosphorous and Magnesium), thyroxin and creatine kinase. Body Condition Scores (BCS) was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in NEFA, and the glucose and insulin sensitivity indices ("Homeostasis Model Assessment" HOMA, "Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index" RQUICKI, RQUICKI-BHB) were observed between healthy and recumbent cows in the early post-parturient period indicating disturbances of glucose and insulin homeostasis in the recumbent cows. In the same manner, mineral concentrations were significantly different between healthy and recumbent cows. Glucose, insulin NEFA, and HOMA, were different between early post-partum downer cows and the DCS-affected cows later in lactation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate disturbances in energy homeostasis in DCS-affected dairy cows. Further research should determine a prognostic value of the indices in cows suffering from recumbency of metabolic origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Animal Production, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hugues
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guyot
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Animal Production, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Detilleux
authors.affiliation: NBVC, Early Health Indicators, Dardilly, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lebreton
authors.affiliation: IODOLAB, Marcy l'Etoile, France.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garnier
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Animal Production, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonvoisin
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Animal Production, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rollin
authors.affiliation: Department of Sustainable Animal Production, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.|Department of Comparative Veterinary Medicine; Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2757
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandersen
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D003612:Dairying; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid