title: Inventing a co-axial atomic resolution patch clamp to study a single resonating protein complex and ultra-low power communication deep inside a living neuron cell.
abstract: To read the signals of single molecules in vitro on a surface, or inside a living cell or organ, we introduce a coaxial atom tip (coat) and a coaxial atomic patch clamp (COAPAP). The metal-insulator-metal cavity of these probes extends to the atomic scale (0.1[Formula: see text]nm), it eliminates the cellular or environmental noise with a S/N ratio 105. Five ac signals are simultaneously applied during a measurement by COAT and COAPAP to shield a true signal under environmental noise in five unique ways. The electromagnetic drive in the triaxial atomic tips is specifically designed to sense anharmonic vibrational and transmission signals for any system between 0.1[Formula: see text]nm and 50[Formula: see text]nm where the smallest nanopatch clamp cannot reach. COAT and COAPAP reliably pick up the atomic scale vibrations under the extreme noise of a living cell. Each protein's distinct electromagnetic, mechanical, electrical and ionic vibrational signature studied in vitro in a protected environment is found to match with the ones studied inside a live neuron. Thus, we could confirm that by using our probe blindly we could hold on to a single molecule or its complex in the invisible domain of a living cell. Our decade long investigations on perfecting the tools to measure bio-resonance of all forms and simultaneously in all frequency domains are summarized. It shows that the ratio of emission to absorption resonance frequencies of a biomaterial is around [Formula: see text], only a few in the entire em spectrum are active that regulates all other resonances, like mechanical, ionic, etc.
authors.affiliation: * CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Natural Products Chemistry Division, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
authors.forename: Subrata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.affiliation: † Nano Bio Systems Science, IIT Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
authors.forename: Satyajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahu
authors.affiliation: ‡ National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Lokesh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.affiliation: § Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.affiliation: ‡ National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan.
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bandyopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016477:Artifacts; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014404:Tubulin
keywords: Neuron; electromagnetic property; patch clamp; protein; resonance