title: Dengue Epidemic in Postconflict Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, 2013.
abstract: AbstractSwat, a lush green valley of 1.3 million persons, remained under militant insurgency from 2007 to 2009, which damaged the health infrastructure. An outbreak of dengue fever (DF) was declared in the valley in 2013. To investigate this outbreak, we established active surveillance of national hospitals and private clinics, reviewed available clinical and laboratory records, and conducted entomological survey. From August to November 2013, 16,000 suspected patients with acute febrile illness were presented to health facilities. Among those, 9,036 were confirmed positive for DF by clinical manifestation and presence of nonstructural protein 1-soluble antigen. Of 9,036 patients, majority were men and aged 21-40. The epidemic peaked in September 2013 (N= 6,487). The attack rate was 7.18/1,000 populations. Among the confirmed case-patients, 36 deaths were reported, and proportion of mortality was 0.4%. Each year, increase in age was significantly associated with risk of complication due to DF leading to death (P< 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Mamoona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Hamad Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rashid
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Iftikhar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ud Din
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D058872:Epidemics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult