title: Ginkgo Biloba Ameliorates Subfertility Induced by Testicular Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Adult Wistar Rats: A Possible New Mitochondrial Mechanism.
abstract: Testicular torsion, a surgical emergency, could affect the endocrine and exocrine testicular functions. This study demonstrates histopathological and physiological effects of testicular ischemia/perfusion (I/R) injury and the possible protective effects of Ginkgo biloba treatment. Fifty adult male Wistar rats, 180-200 gm, were randomly divided into sham-operated, Gingko biloba supplemented, ischemia only, I/R, and Gingko biloba treated I/R groups. Overnight fasted rats were anaesthetized by Pentobarbital; I/R was performed by left testis 720° rotation in I/R and treated I/R groups. Orchiectomy was performed for histopathological studies and detection of mitochondrial NAD+. Determination of free testosterone, FSH, TNF-α, and IL1-βin plasma was performed. Plasma-free testosterone was significantly decreased, while plasma FSH, TNF-α, IL-1β, and testicular mitochondrial NAD+were significantly increased in I/R group compared to control group. These parameters were reversed in Gingko biloba treated I/R group compared to I/R group. I/R caused marked testicular damage and increased APAF-1 in the apoptotic cells which were reversed by Ginkgo biloba treatment. It could be concluded that I/R caused subfertility induced by apoptosis and oxidative stress manifested by the elevated testicular mitochondrial NAD+, which is considered a new possible mechanism. Also, testicular injury could be reduced by Gingko biloba administration alone.
authors.affiliation: Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Asmaa Ibrahim
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Noha N
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5418-2191
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lasheen
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Khaled Mohamed
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: El-Zawahry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007246:Infertility; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000002:abnormalities; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009243:NAD; D013739:Testosterone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone