title: Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) with Anatomically Guided (3D) Neural Targeting Shows Superior Chronic Axial Low Back Pain Relief Compared to Traditional SCS-LUMINA Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to determine whether spinal cord stimulation (SCS) using 3D neural targeting provided sustained overall and low back pain relief in a broad routine clinical practice population.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, open-label observational study with an observational arm and retrospective analysis of a matched cohort. After IPG implantation, programming was done using a patient-specific, model-based algorithm to adjust for lead position (3D neural targeting) or previous generation software (traditional). Demographics, medical histories, SCS parameters, pain locations, pain intensities, disabilities, and safety data were collected for all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 213 patients using 3D neural targeting were included, with a trial-to-implant ratio of 86%. Patients used seven different lead configurations, with 62% receiving 24 to 32 contacts, and a broad range of stimulation parameters utilizing a mean of 14.3 (±6.1) contacts. At 24 months postimplant, pain intensity decreased significantly from baseline (ΔNRS = 4.2, N = 169, P  < 0.0001) and even more in in the severe pain subgroup (ΔNRS = 5.3, N = 91, P  < 0.0001). Axial low back pain also decreased significantly from baseline to 24 months (ΔNRS = 4.1, N = 70, P  < 0.0001, on the overall cohort and ΔNRS = 5.6, N = 38, on the severe subgroup). Matched cohort comparison with 213 patients treated with traditional SCS at the same centers showed overall pain responder rates of 51% (traditional SCS) and 74% (neural targeting SCS) and axial low back pain responder rates of 41% and 71% in the traditional SCS and neural targeting SCS cohorts, respectively. Lastly, complications occurred in a total of 33 of the 213 patients, with a 1.6% lead replacement rate and a 1.6% explant rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that 3D neural targeting SCS and its associated hardware flexibility provide effective treatment for both chronic leg and chronic axial low back pain that is significantly superior to traditional SCS.
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.|Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Veizi
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.|University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Salim M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.affiliation: Carolinas Pain Institute, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: North
authors.affiliation: Roanoke-Chowan Hospital, Roanoke, North Carolina.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brent Chafin
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Pain and Rehabilitation, Pascagoula, Mississippi.
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yearwood
authors.affiliation: Jupiter Pain Clinic, Jupiter, Florida.
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Raso
authors.affiliation: Pacific Pain Management, Ventura, California.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: Florida Spine Specialists, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.affiliation: Spine Team Texas, Southlake, Texas.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Interventional Pain Specialists of Wisconsin, Rice Lake, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brendel
authors.affiliation: Spinal and Skeletal Pain Medicine, Utica, New York.
authors.forename: Nameer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.affiliation: Balcones Pain Consultants, Austin, Texas.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.affiliation: Spine and Pain Institute, Akron, Ohio.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vucetic
authors.affiliation: Boston Scientific Corporation, Valencia, California, USA.
authors.forename: Alden
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.affiliation: Boston Scientific Corporation, Valencia, California, USA.
authors.forename: Lilly
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Boston Scientific Corporation, Valencia, California, USA.
authors.forename: Nitzan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekel-Bobrov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062187:Spinal Cord Stimulation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 3D Neural Targeting SCS; Chronic Pain; Low Back Pain; Spectra;  Spinal Cord Stimulation