title: Income in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Different Disease Phenotypes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with profound heterogeneity in clinical course.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze sources and levels of income among MS patients in relation to disease phenotype with a special focus on identifying differences/similarities between primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6890 MS patients aged 21-64 years and living in Sweden in 2010 were identified for this cross-sectional study. Descriptive statistics, logistic, truncated linear, and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models were used to estimate differences in income between SPMS, PPMS and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RRMS patients earned almost twice as much as PPMS and SPMS patients (on average SEK 204,500, SEK 114,500, and SEK 79,800 in 2010, respectively). The difference in earnings between PPMS and SPMS was not statistically significant when analyzed with multivariable regression. The estimated odds ratio for PPMS patients to have income from earnings was not significantly different from SPMS patients (95% CI 0.98 to 1.59). PPMS and RRMS patients were less likely to receive benefits when compared to SPMS patients (by 6% and 27% lower, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings argue for similarities between PPMS and SPMS and highlight the socioeconomic importance of preventing RRMS patients convert to SPMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Andrius
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-3230
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kavaliunas
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manouchehrinia
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Virginija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danylaite Karrenbauer
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gyllensten
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alexanderson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hillert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000191:economics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors