title: Attention without intention: explicit processing and implicit goal-setting in family medicine residents' written reflections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reflection, a process of self-analysis to promote learning through better understanding of one's experiences, is often used to assess learners' metacognitive ability. However, writing reflective exercises, not submitted for assessment, may allow learners to explore their experiences and indicate learning and professional growth without explicitly connecting to intentional sense-making.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify core components of learning about medicine or medical education from family medicine residents' written reflections.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family medicine residents' wrote reflections about their experiences throughout an academic year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative thematic analysis to identify core components in 767 reflections written by 33 residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified four themes of learning: 'Elaborated reporting' and 'metacognitive monitoring' represent explicit, purposeful self-analysis that typically would be characterised as reflective learning about medicine. 'Simple reporting' and 'goal setting' signal an analysis of experience that indicates learning and professional growth but that is overlooked as a component of learning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identified themes elucidate the explicit and implicit forms of written reflection as sense-making and learning. An expanded theoretical understanding of reflection as inclusive of conscious sense-making as well as implicit discovery better enables the art of physician self-development.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Family Medicine , Tufts University School of Medicine , Malden , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Allen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.affiliation: b Gabelli Presidential Scholar Class of 2016 , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Lucas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: c Communication Department , Boston College , Chestnut Hill , MA , USA.
authors.forename: Ashley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duggan
mesh_terms: D001288:Attention; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000379:methods*; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts; D012647:Self-Assessment; D014956:Writing
keywords: Learning; mental processes; models; psychological; self-assessment; thinking; writing