title: Negative effect of chronic cadmium exposure on growth, histology, ultrastructure, antioxidant and innate immune responses in the liver of zebrafish: Preventive role of blue light emitting diodes.
abstract: The present study explored the possible preventive effects of blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) on cadmium (Cd)-induced oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in zebrafish. To this end, zebrafish were exposed to a white fluorescent bulb or blue LEDs (LDB, peak at 450nm, at an irradiance of 0.9W/m2), and 0 or 30µgL-1waterborne Cd for 5 weeks. Growth performance, survival rate, and hepatic histology, ultrastructure, antioxidant and innate immune responses were determined in zebrafish. Cd exposure alone reduced growth and survival rate, and induced oxidative damage and changes in histology and ultrastructure. However, Cd exposure in combination with LDB apparently relieved these negative effects. The alleviation of adverse effects might result from the up-regulation of antioxidant and innate immune genes at transcriptional, translational, or post-translational levels. Cd exposure alone dramatically enhanced mRNA levels of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and E2-related factor (Nrf2). However, compared to Cd exposure alone, Cd exposure in combination with LDB apparently down-regulated both genes. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic Cd exposure induced a negative effect on zebrafish, possibly involved in NF-κB-induced immunotoxicity and Nrf2-induced oxidative stress. Finally, for the first time, our data demonstrated that LDB could protect fish against Cd toxicity.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
authors.forename: Shuang-Shuang
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
authors.forename: Zhen-Ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
authors.forename: Ai-Yi
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China. Electronic address: zhengjialang@aliyun.com.
authors.forename: Jia-Lang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China. Electronic address: wucw2013@126.com.
authors.forename: Chang-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D008027:Light; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C495638:nfe2l2a protein, zebrafish; D002104:Cadmium
keywords: Metal exposure; NF-κB; Non-specific immunity; Nrf2; Oxidative stress; Spectra