title: Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Drops and Spray Containing Propolis-An EPR Examination.
abstract: The influence of heating at a temperature of 50 °C and UV-irradiation of propolis drops and spray on their free radical scavenging activity was determined. The kinetics of interactions of the propolis samples with DPPH free radicals was analyzed. Interactions of propolis drops and propolis spray with free radicals were examined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A spectrometer generating microwaves of 9.3 GHz frequency was used. The EPR spectra of the model DPPH free radicals were compared with the EPR spectra of DPPH in contact with the tested propolis samples. The antioxidative activity of propolis drops and propolis spray decreased after heating at the temperature of 50 °C. A UV-irradiated sample of propolis drops more weakly scavenged free radicals than an untreated sample. The antioxidative activity of propolis spray increased after UV-irradiation. The sample of propolis drops heated at the temperature of 50 °C quenched free radicals faster than the unheated sample. UV-irradiation weakly changed the kinetics of propolis drops or spray interactions with free radicals. EPR analysis indicated that propolis drops and spray should not be stored at a temperature of 50 °C. Propolis drops should not be exposed to UV-irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Kasztanowa 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. polczyk@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. kvassev@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komosinska-Vassev
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. pawelramos@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. lukasz.mencner@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mencner
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. olczyk@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olczyk
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, School of Pharmacy and Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland. bpilawa@sum.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pilawa
mesh_terms: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D058993:Oral Sprays; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000528:radiation effects; D010851:Picrates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D058993:Oral Sprays; D010851:Picrates; D011429:Propolis; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
keywords: EPR spectroscopy; UV-irradiation; antioxidant; drops; heating; propolis; spray