title: Activation and pathogenic manipulation of the sensors of the innate immune system.
abstract: The innate immune system detects the presence of microbes through different families of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs detect pathogens of all origins and trigger signaling events that activate innate and adaptive immunity. These events need to be tightly regulated in order to ensure optimal activation when required, and minimal signaling in the absence of microbial encounters. This regulation is achieved, at least in part, through the precise subcellular positioning of receptors and downstream signaling proteins. Consequently, mislocalization of these proteins inhibits innate immune pathways, and pathogens have evolved to alter host protein localization as a strategy to evade immune detection. This review describes the importance of subcellular localization of various PRR families and their adaptors, and highlights pathogenic immune evasion strategies that operate by altering immune protein localization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Odendall
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: jonathan.kagan@childrens.harvard.edu.
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kagan
mesh_terms: D056704:Adaptive Immunity / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: Immune evasion; Infection; Inflammasome; Innate immunity; Myddosome; Toll-like receptors