title: Effect of E-waste Recycling on Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Plasticizers and Their Association with Oxidative Stress.
abstract: In this study, three chlorinated (Cl-mOPs) and five nonchlorinated (NCl-mOPs) organophosphate metabolites were determined in urine samples collected from participants living in an electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling area (n = 175) and two reference areas (rural, n = 29 and urban, n = 17) in southern China. Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate [BCEP, geometric mean (GM): 0.72 ng/mL] was the most abundant Cl-mOP, and diphenyl phosphate (DPHP, 0.55 ng/mL) was the most abundant NCl-mOP. The GM concentrations of mOPs in the e-waste dismantling sites were higher than those in the rural control site. These differences were significant for BCEP (p < 0.05) and DPHP (p < 0.01). Results suggested that e-waste dismantling activities contributed to human exposure to OPs. In the e-waste sites, the urinary concentrations of bis(2-chloro-isopropyl) phosphate (r = 0.484, p < 0.01), BCEP (r = 0.504, p < 0.01), dibutyl phosphate (r = 0.214, p < 0.05), and DPHP (r = 0.440, p < 0.01) were significantly increased as the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of DNA oxidative stress, increased. Our results also suggested that human exposure to OPs might be correlated with DNA oxidative stress for residents in e-waste dismantling areas. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report the urinary levels of mOPs in China and examine the association between OP exposure and 8-OHdG in humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.|Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055, PR China.|Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Shao-You
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Xi
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.|Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4424-0423
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Ju-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.affiliation: School of Geograghy and Planning, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Geo-simulation, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
authors.forename: Ming-Zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300350, PR China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
authors.forename: Jian-Qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University) , Guangzhou 510275, China.
authors.forename: Rong-Liang
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D059029:Electronic Waste; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010968:Plasticizers; D059027:Recycling
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D010755:Organophosphates; D010968:Plasticizers