title: Surgical management of large-cell neuroendocrinelung carcinoma: an analysis of 25 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung is a relatively uncommon and aggressive subset of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors, which include typical and atypical carcinoid, and small-cell lung cancer. LCNEC of the lung accounts for no more than 1% of all lung cancers. LCNECs show features of high-grade neuroendocrine tumors and patients with LCNEC have a very poor prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients (22 males and 3 females; mean years 60.7; range 48 to 77 years) who underwent pulmonary resection for large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma between January 2004 and December 2014 were investigated retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type of surgery, pathologic TNM stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, time of recurrence, site of recurrence, response to treatment, and long-term results were evaluated. The longest patient follow-up period was 83 months. One-, two-, and three-year survival rates of these patients were, respectively, 80.95%, 76.47%, and 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for early-stage LCNEC and chemotherapy after radical surgical treatment improves survival. Follow-up periods after surgery adjuvant chemotherapy will prevent recurrence and patients may survive for many years if complete surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy are possible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: İncekara
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Koray
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aydoğdu
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sayılır
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Selim Şakir Erkmen
authors.initials: SŞ
authors.lastname: Gülhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demirağ
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Göktürk
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fındık
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; adjuvant chemotherapy; radiation therapy; resection