title: Aronia melanocarpa Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Lipid Metabolism through PPARγ2 Downregulation.
abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Studies have demonstrated that anthocyanin-rich foods may improve hyperlipidemia and ameliorate hepatic steatosis. Here, effects of Aronia melanocarpa (AM), known to be rich of anthocyanins, on hepatic lipid metabolism and adipogenic genes were determined. AM was treated to C57BL/6N mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) or to FL83B cells treated with free fatty acid (FFA). Changes in levels of lipids, enzymes and hormones were observed, and expressions of adipogenic genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism were detected by PCR, Western blotting and luciferase assay. In mice, AM significantly reduced the body and liver weight, lipid accumulation in the liver, and levels of biochemical markers such as fatty acid synthase, hepatic triglyceride and leptin. Serum transaminases, indicators for hepatocyte injury, were also suppressed, while superoxide dismutase activity and liver antioxidant capacity were significantly increased. In FL83B cells, AM significantly reduced FFA-induced lipid droplet accumulation. Protein synthesis of an adipogenic transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) was inhibited in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional activity of PPARγ2 was down-regulated in vitro, and mRNA expression of PPARγ2 and its downstream target genes, adipocyte protein 2 and lipoprotein lipase were down-regulated by AM both in vitro and in vivo. These results show beneficial effects of AM against hepatic lipid accumulation through the inhibition of PPARγ2 expression along with improvements in body weight, liver functions, lipid profiles and antioxidant capacity suggesting the potential therapeutic efficacy of AM on NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chung-Hwa
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5992-6156
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Byul
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Wonhee
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Oh-Joo
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: MushMed Co., LTD., Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyoung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|The Catholic University Liver Research Center (CULRC), The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.|WHO Collaborating Center of Viral Hepatitis, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Kew
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology; D020738:Leptin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D034622:RNA Interference; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014280:Triglycerides; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000637:Transaminases; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase