title: Test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change of two simplified 3-point balance measures in patients with stroke.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 3-point Berg Balance Scale (BBS-3P) and 3-point Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS-3P) were simplified from the BBS and PASS to overcome the complex scoring systems. The BBS-3P and PASS-3P were more feasible in busy clinical practice and showed similarly sound validity and responsiveness to the original measures. However, the reliability of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P is unknown limiting their utility and the interpretability of scores.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the test-retest reliability and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P in patients with stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rehabilitation departments of a medical center and a community hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 51 chronic stroke patients (64.7% male).
  
  
  METHODS
  Both balance measures were administered twice 7 days apart. The test-retest reliability of both the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The MDC and its percentage over the total score (MDC%) of each measure was calculated for examining the random measurement errors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ICC values of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The MDC% (MDC) of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P were 9.1% (5.1 points) and 8.4% (3.0 points), respectively, indicating that both measures had small and acceptable random measurement errors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that both the BBS-3P and the PASS-3P had good test-retest reliability, with small and acceptable random measurement error. These two simplified 3-level balance measures can provide reliable results over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the repeated administration of the BBS-3P and PASS-3P to monitor the balance of patients with stroke. The MDC values can help clinicians and researchers interpret the change scores more precisely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Miau
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan - f01429001@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Yi-Jing
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chien-Yu
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Gong-Hong
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.|Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Lih-Jiun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Liaw
authors.affiliation: School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome