title: A novel method for electronic measurement and recording of surgical drain output.
abstract: Surgical drains are used to collect and measure fluids (e.g. serous fluid, lymph, blood, etc.). The volume of fluid in the container is measured using graded markings on the container and then recorded manually on a "drain chart" allowing for manual rate calculations. This method is dependant on regularly checking the volume of the drain and recording the value accurately; unfortunately, this is often not feasible due to staffing levels and time constraints. This results in inaccurate "drain charts" making clinical decisions based on these figures unreliable. Often the lack of confidence in these measurements leads to delayed drain removal with consequent increased infection risks and potential delayed discharge. Accurate digital measurement of drain content would have a significant impact on clinical care. This paper describes a digital technology to measure volume, making use of a positive terminal at the lowest point of the vessel and negative (sensor) terminals placed at accurate intervals along an axis of the vessel. A proof-of-concept prototype was developed using commercially available electronic components to test the feasibility of a technology for electronic measurement and recording of surgical drain content. In a simulated environment, the proposed technology was shown to be effective and accurate. The proposed electronic drain has a number of advantages over currently used devices in saving time and easing pressure on nursing staff, reduce disturbance of patients, and allows for preset alarms.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University College London , London , UK.
authors.forename: Bernard Hendrik
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: van Duren
authors.affiliation: b Magdalen College Oxford , Oxford , UK.|c Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust , High Wycombe , Buckinghamshire, UK.
authors.forename: Gijsbert Isaac
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: van Boxel
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods; D004322:Drainage; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Surgical drain; digital measurement; sensors