title: Intra- and inter-network functional alterations in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prevalent in 15%-40% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients at diagnosis. In this investigation, we study brain intra- and inter-network alterations in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in recently diagnosed PD patients and characterise them as either cognitive normal (PD-NC) or with MCI (PD-MCI). Patients were divided into two groups, PD-NC (N = 62) and PD-MCI (N = 37) and for comparison, healthy controls (HC, N = 30) were also included. Intra- and inter-network connectivity were investigated from participants' rs-fMRIs in 26 resting state networks (RSNs). Intra-network differences were found between both patient groups and HCs for networks associated with motor control (motor cortex), spatial attention and visual perception. When comparing both PD-NC and PD-MCI, intra-network alterations were found in RSNs related to attention, executive function and motor control (cerebellum). The inter-network analysis revealed a hyper-synchronisation between the basal ganglia network and the motor cortex in PD-NC compared with HCs. When both patient groups were compared, intra-network alterations in RSNs related to attention, motor control, visual perception and executive function were found. We also detected disease-driven negative synchronisations and synchronisation shifts from positive to negative and vice versa in both patient groups compared with HCs. The hyper-synchronisation between basal ganglia and motor cortical RSNs in PD and its synchronisation shift from negative to positive compared with HCs, suggest a compensatory response to basal dysfunction and altered basal-cortical motor control in the resting state brain of PD patients. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1702-1715, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.|Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Luis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Peraza
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, United Kingdom.|Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nesbitt
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachael A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Gordon W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Yarnall
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, QLD, 4222, Australia.
authors.forename: Tien K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.|Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) research group, School of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Firbank
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.|Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QC, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.affiliation: John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burn
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen
keywords: FSL-Nets; Lewy body disease; brain connectivity; fMRI; networks