title: Long-bone properties and development are affected by caponisation and breed in Polish fowls.
abstract: 1. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of caponisation on bone development of males of two native breeds in Poland. 2. The weight, length and cross-sectional area of tibiae and femora were measured, densitometric measurements and tests of strength were determined and dimensions were calculated. 3. Breed and caponisation did not influence bone weight and length. Higher mechanical strength of the femur was found in entire males, mainly in the Polbar breed. Tibial strength was reduced in capons of the Green Partridge breed. Maximum elastic strength was greater in the Polbar, irrespective of caponisation. Bone cross-sectional area was influenced by breed, while caponisation reduced femoral bone mineral density in both breeds. 4. Caponisation thus increased growth rate but had adverse effects on bone development. 5. Caponisation had fewer negative effects in the Polbar than in the Greenleg Partridge.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tomaszewska
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwiecień
authors.affiliation: c Department of Physics, Faculty of Production Engineering , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muszyński
authors.affiliation: d Department of Comparative Anatomy and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology , Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobrowolski
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasperek
authors.affiliation: f Department of Rehabilitation and Orthopaedics , Medical University in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blicharski
authors.affiliation: e Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jeżewska-Witkowska
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Science and Bioeconomy , University of Life Sciences in Lublin , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Grela
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001846:Bone Development; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D003720:Densitometry / Q000662:veterinary; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011044:Poland; D013977:Tibia / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Bone; Greenleg Partridge; Polbar; geometry; mechanical testing