title: Anaerobic biodegradation of spiramycin I and characterization of its new metabolites.
abstract: Activated sludge was used to treat the wastewater containing spiramycin I. Three new metabolites were isolated and identified, which produced by oxidation of C6-aldehyde, hydrolysis of C5-mycaminose-mycarose and macrolactone ring-open reaction of spiramycin I in anaerobic digestion. And their antimicrobial activities were inactivated. Our results indicated that anaerobic biodegradation metabolites of spiramycin I could not induce bacterial resistance in environment.
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China.|b State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process , Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.affiliation: b State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process , Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: b State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process , Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Daijie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b State Key Laboratory of New Drug and Pharmaceutical Process , Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Pengyu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: a State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biochemistry , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Yubin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012722:Sewage; C017186:demycarosylturimycin H
keywords: anaerobic biodegradation; macrolactone ring-open reaction; macrolide; metabolite; spiramycin I