title: Osteoarthritis Year in Review 2016: biomarkers (biochemical markers).
abstract: The aim of this "Year in Review" article is to summarize and discuss the implications of biochemical marker related articles published between the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) 2015 Congress in Seattle and the OARSI 2016 Congress in Amsterdam.
  
  
  
  The PubMed/MEDLINE bibliographic database was searched using the combined keywords: 'biomarker' and 'osteoarthritis'. The PubMed/MEDLINE literature search was conducted using the Advanced Search Builder function (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/advanced).
  
  
  
  Over two hundred new biomarker-related papers were published during the literature search period. Some papers identified new biomarkers whereas others explored the biological properties and clinical utility of existing markers. There were specific references to several adipocytokines including leptin and adiponectin. ADAM Metallopeptidase with Thrombospondin Type 1 motif 4 (ADAMTS-4) and aggrecan ARGS neo-epitope fragment (ARGS) in synovial fluid (SF) and plasma chemokine (CeC motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) were reported as potential new knee biomarkers. New and refined proteomic technologies and novel assays including a fluoro-microbead guiding chip (FMGC) for measuring C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) in serum and urine and a novel magnetic nanoparticle-based technology (termed magnetic capture) for collecting and concentrating CTX-II, were described this past year.
  
  
  
  There has been steady progress in osteoarthritis (OA) biomarker research in 2016. Several novel biomarkers were identified and new technologies have been developed for measuring existing biomarkers. However, there has been no "quantum leap" this past year and identification of novel early OA biomarkers remains challenging. During the past year, OARSI published a set of recommendations for the use of soluble biomarkers in clinical trials, which is a major step forward in the clinical use of OA biomarkers and bodes well for future OA biomarker development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pre-Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Duke of Kent Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.mobasheri@surrey.ac.uk.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mobasheri
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology, Biomarkers and Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
authors.forename: A-C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bay-Jensen
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: van Spil
authors.affiliation: C3 DPU, Immunoinflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, 19406, United States.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larkin
authors.affiliation: AbbVie Bioresearch Center, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, MA, 01605, United States.
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Levesque
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles
keywords: Assay; Biochemical marker; Biomarker; Cartilage; Osteoarthritis; Synovium