title: Consecutive inoculations of influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) protects mice against homologous and heterologous virus challenge.
abstract: Mucosal immunity induced through natural infection by influenza virus has potent cross-protective activity, compared to subcutaneous vaccination-induced systemic immunity. Compared to natural infection with influenza virus, however, a single intranasal vaccination with an inactivated influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) is not sufficient to induce primary immune response in naïve animals. The reasons for this moderate effect are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that intranasal vaccination with formalin-inactivated influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) for five consecutive days elicits high levels of virus-specific nasal IgA and serum IgG responses, while vaccination without poly(I:C) induced little response. Mice immunized with influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) for five consecutive days sustained high levels of virus-specific IgA in nasal wash and IgG in serum until at least 6months after vaccination. Furthermore, intranasal vaccination with influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) protected mice against homologous and heterologous influenza virus challenge. These results suggest that consecutive inoculations of influenza virus vaccine and poly(I:C) is an alternative method to induce primary immune responses in naïve subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.
authors.forename: Shota
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chino
authors.affiliation: Division of Viral Infection, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Electronic address: ichinohe@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinohe
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D056738:Cross Protection; D005260:Female; D005557:Formaldehyde; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000187:drug effects*; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D005557:Formaldehyde; D011070:Poly I-C
keywords: Adjuvant; IgA; Influenza virus; Intranasal vaccine; poly(I:C)