title: Spatial Working Memory Impairment in Patients with Non-neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Blood-oxygen-level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.
abstract: Using ethology and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore mild cognitive dysfunction and spatial working memory (WM) impairment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE) and to study whether any clinical biomarkers could serve as predictors of brain dysfunction in this disease.
  
  
  
  Eighteen non-NPSLE patients and 18 matched subjects were all tested using the Montreal cognitive assessment scale test and scanned using blood-oxygen-level dependent fMRI while performing the n-back task to investigate the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas.
  
  
  
  Ethology results showed that non-NPSLE patients had mild cognitive dysfunction and memory dysfunction (p < 0.05). The fMRI scan confirmed a neural network consisting of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), premotor area, parietal lobe, and supplementary motor area (SMA)/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that was activated during the n-back task, with right hemisphere dominance. However, only the right SMA/ACC showed a load effect in the non-NPSLE group; the activation intensity of most WM-related brain areas for the non-NPSLE group was lower than for the control group under 3 memory loads. Further, we found that the activation intensity of some cognition-related areas, including the bilateral caudate nucleus/insula and hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus were lower than the control group under the memory loads. An inverse correlation existed between individual activation intensity and disease duration.
  
  
  
  Non-NPSLE-related brain damage with right DLPFC-posterior parietal lobe and parahippocampal gyrus default network causes impairment of spatial WM and mild cognitive dysfunction. Patients with longer disease duration would be expected to exhibit increased central nervous system damage.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Chun-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Jin-Zhuang
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Zong-Bo
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Shou-Xing
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Zhi-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Jing-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Hong-Bo
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Le
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Dan-Miao
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University.
authors.forename: Wen-Can
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, Shantou, Guangdong; Graduate School of Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China. mshmshu@163.com.|C.M. Zhu, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; L. Xie, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.Z. Huang, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Z.B. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Department of Radiology, Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; S.X. Duan, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; Z.R. Lin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; J.J. Yin, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; H.B. Le, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; D.M. Sun, MD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging; S.H. Ma, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging, and Chaonan Minsheng Hospital of Shantou; Y. Ma, MD, Graduate School of Beijing Normal University; W.C. Xu, PhD, Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University. mshmshu@163.com.
authors.forename: Shu-Hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D065852:Spatial Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; SPATIAL WORKING MEMORY; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS