title: Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep.
abstract: To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees' sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age.
  
  
  
  Cluster-randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  
  Information technology industry workplaces.
  
  
  
  US employees (Mage= 46.9 years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N = 396; n = 195 intervention, n = 201 control).
  
  
  
  The Work, Family, and Health Study intervention aimed to increase workplace flexibility and support. The intervention consisted of facilitated discussions to help employees increase control over when and where they work as well as manager-specific training sessions to increase manager support for employees' work-family issues.
  
  
  
  Nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), and nap duration were measured with wrist actigraphy. Day-to-day variability in these variables (min2) was also estimated.
  
  
  
  Intervention employees increased nighttime sleep duration at 12 months, by 9 minutes per day, relative to control employees. There were interaction effects between the intervention and age on daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO. Older employees (56-70 years) in the intervention condition decreased nap duration at 12 months relative to older employees in the control condition. Older employees in the intervention condition also exhibited a greater decrease in day-to-day variability of WASO at 12 months compared with their baseline.
  
  
  
  The workplace flexibility/support intervention was effective in enhancing employees' sleep health by increasing nighttime sleep duration. Furthermore, the intervention was particularly effective for older employees in decreasing their daytime nap duration and day-to-day variability in WASO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. Electronic address: smlee@psu.edu.
authors.forename: Soomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.affiliation: Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berkman
authors.affiliation: Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University/Portland State University, Portland, OR; Department of Psychology, Portland State University, Portland, OR.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.affiliation: Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
authors.forename: Phyllis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Orfeu M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D056044:Actigraphy; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D017132:Workplace / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Day-to-day variability in sleep; Nap duration; Nighttime sleep duration; Wake after sleep onset; Workplace intervention