title: A simple method to produce 2D and 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical devices for clinical analysis.
abstract: This paper describes the fabrication of 2D and 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) for monitoring glucose, total protein, and nitrite in blood serum and artificial urine. A new method of cutting and sealing filter paper to construct μPADs was demonstrated. Using an inexpensive home cutter printer soft cellulose-based filter paper was easily and precisely cut to produce pattern hydrophilic microchannels. 2D and 3D μPADs were designed with three detection zones each for the colorimetric detection of the analytes. A small volume of samples was added to the μPADs, which was photographed after 15 min using a digital camera. Both μPADs presented an excellent analytical performance for all analytes. The 2D device was applied in artificial urine samples and reached limits of detection (LODs) of 0.54 mM, 5.19 μM, and 2.34 μM for glucose, protein, and nitrite, respectively. The corresponding LODs of the 3D device applied for detecting the same analytes in artificial blood serum were 0.44 mM, 1.26 μM, and 4.35 μM.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ricardo A G
authors.initials: RAG
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fiamma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.affiliation: Intituto de Química-UNESP, Av. Francisco Degni s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14800-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naira C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pesquero
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil. Electronic address: rcfaria@ufscar.br.
authors.forename: Ronaldo Censi
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D046210:Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D010209:Paper; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D009573:Nitrites; D011506:Proteins; D005947:Glucose
keywords: Colorimetric detection; Low-cost diagnostics; Paper-based analytical devices; Point-of-care devices