title: A measure of facilitators and barriers to rapid response team activation.
abstract: Poor patient outcomes and increased costs may be associated with underutilization of RRTs. The aim of this study was to develop and test an instrument that identifies specific facilitators and barriers to rapid response team (RRT) activation.
  
  
  
  Using an exploratory design, we surveyed a convenience sample of 250 registered nurses (RNs) employed in five Illinois hospitals. Participants completed the online RRT Facilitators and Barriers Survey (RRT-FBS), a 36 item survey developed by the researchers. The survey contains two sections, facilitators and barriers. Items in the facilitators subscales described nursing unit culture, RRT knowledge, and RRT member characteristics. Items in the barriers subscales described nursing unit culture, RRT education, and RRT member characteristics. Item analyses were conducted through exploratory factor analyses; internal consistency estimates were obtained. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the demographic data to describe sample and setting characteristics.
  
  
  
  The final sample consisted of 202 nurses from four hospitals. We conducted an item analysis and were able to reduce the survey to 30 items with a secondary analysis. The full scale alpha was 0.752. Cronbach's alphas for subscales ranged from 0.770-0.897.
  
  
  
  Facilitators and barriers may vary across institutions. This scale shows promise for identifying facilitators and barriers to nurses' use of rapid response teams and may provide a foundation for interventional studies promoting RRT utilization. In addition, more frequent education, emphasizing the RRT process, may be an effective method to maintain high rates of RRT activation and increase confidence.
authors.affiliation: Illinois State University, United States. Electronic address: kmastro@ilstu.edu.
authors.forename: Kim S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Astroth
authors.affiliation: Illinois State University, United States.
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Woith
authors.affiliation: Illinois State University, United States.
authors.forename: Sheryl H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.affiliation: Illinois State University, United States.
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Hesson-McInnis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D057209:Hospital Rapid Response Team; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Education; Hospital rapid response teams; Instrument development