title: Determining non-cigarette tobacco, alcohol, and substance use typologies across menthol and non-menthol smokers using latent class analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance use and mental health are robustly associated with smoking and poor cessation outcomes, but not often examined in combination with menthol cigarette smoking, which is also associated with lower quit rates. This study identified classes of Black and White menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers based on demographics, alcohol, drug, and other tobacco use behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using screening data from two studies, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to classifyn= 1177 menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers on demographic characteristics, heavy smoking, alcohol and drug use, desire to quit smoking, other tobacco product use, and use of psychotropic medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three latent classes were identified that differentiated smokers on substance use, menthol cigarette smoking, and other tobacco use behavior. One class consisted primarily of young adults who used a wide array of other tobacco products, reported the highest prevalence of other drug use, and showed the lowest desire to quit smoking cigarettes in the next 6-months. Class 2 comprised primarily of Black male menthol smokers, all of whom used cigarillos in addition to cigarettes, and who displayed moderate drug use. The third class was categorized as primarily older cigarette smokers, who engaged in very little other tobacco use or drug use, but who were most likely to self-report being prescribed psychotropic medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LCA allowed for the identification of distinct classes of smokers based on factors related to poor cessation outcomes, including menthol use, that have not previously been examined in combination. Interventions should target specific groups of smokers, rather than take a "one size fits all" approach.
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA ; Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Road, NW, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA ; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Shyanika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ehlke
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA.
authors.forename: Ollie
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.affiliation: Schroeder Institute for Tobacco Research and Policy Studies at Truth Initiative, 900 G Street, NW, 4th Floor, Washington, DC USA ; Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Street, Baltimore, MD USA.
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niaura
keywords: Alcohol; Cigarettes; Cigarillos; Drug use; Latent class analysis; Menthol; Race