title: Exposed Dentin: Influence of Cleaning Procedures and Simulated Pulpal Pressure on Bond Strength of a Universal Adhesive System.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare various pre-treatments serving as cleaning procedures of dentin on the bond strength of resin composite promoted by a universal adhesive system applied either in the absence or presence of simulated pulpal pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prior to application of the adhesive system (Scotchbond Universal) and resin composite (Filtek Z250), ground dentin surfaces were given one of five pre-treatments either without or with simulated pulpal pressure: 1) no pre-treatment, adhesive system in "self-etch" mode, 2) phosphoric acid etching, adhesive system in "total-etch" mode, 3) polishing with pumice on prophylaxis cup, 4) air abrasion with AIR-FLOW PLUS powder, 5) air abrasion with AIR-FLOW PERIO powder; n = 20/group of pre-treatment. After storage (37°C, 100% humidity, 24 h), micro shear bond strength was measured and data analyzed with parametric ANOVA including Bonferroni-Holm correction for multiple testing followed by Student's t tests (significance level: α = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ANOVA found type of pre-treatment and simulated pulpal pressure to have no significant effect on dentin bond strength. The explorative post-hoc tests showed a negative effect of simulated pulpal pressure for phosphoric acid etching (adhesive system in "total-etch" mode; p = 0.020), but not for the other four pre-treatments (all p = 1.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Air abrasion with powders containing either erythritol and chlorhexidine (AIR-FLOW PLUS) or glycine (AIR-FLOW PERIO) yielded dentin bond strengths similar to no pre-treatment, phosphoric acid etching, or polishing with pumice. Simulated pulpal pressure reduced the bond strength only when the self-etch adhesive system was used in total-etch mode.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9390-5412
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Flury
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peutzfeldt
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.|Division of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Schmidlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive, Restorative, and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lussi
mesh_terms: D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D003820:Denture Cleansers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004896:Erythritol / Q000737:chemistry; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011312:Pressure; D033081:Shear Strength / Q000187:drug effects; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D003738:Dental Cements; D003820:Denture Cleansers; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D004896:Erythritol; D005998:Glycine