title: Characterising private and shared signatures of positive selection in 37 Asian populations.
abstract: The Asian Diversity Project (ADP) assembled 37 cosmopolitan and ethnic minority populations in Asia that have been densely genotyped across over half a million markers to study patterns of genetic diversity and positive natural selection. We performed population structure analyses of the ADP populations and divided these populations into four major groups based on their genographic information. By applying a highly sensitive algorithm haploPS to locate genomic signatures of positive selection, 140 distinct genomic regions exhibiting evidence of positive selection in at least one population were identified. We examined the extent of signal sharing for regions that were selected in multiple populations and observed that populations clustered in a similar fashion to that of how the ancestry clades were phylogenetically defined. In particular, populations predominantly located in South Asia underwent considerably different adaptation as compared with populations from the other geographical regions. Signatures of positive selection present in multiple geographical regions were predicted to be older and have emerged prior to the separation of the populations in the different regions. In contrast, selection signals present in a single population group tended to be of lower frequencies and thus can be attributed to recent evolutionary events.
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Xuanyao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8348-5159
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Woei-Yuh
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pongsakorn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wangkumhang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chumpol
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8581-397X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ngamphiw
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suthat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fucharoen
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Science, Molecular Medicine Graduate Programme, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worachart
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lert-Itthiporn
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Kwanrutai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chin-Inmanu
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
authors.forename: Tran Nguyen Bich
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anders
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Anuradhani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasturiratne
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: H Janaka
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katsuya
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nabika
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tabara
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3185-5661
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1531-9685
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Science, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: College of the Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
authors.forename: Dolikun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mamatyusupu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Heredity of Ningxia Region, Ningxia Medical University, YinchuanChina.
authors.forename: Wenjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, The Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yeun-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Ministry of Education (MOE), Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Boon-Peng
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Ananda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Wickremasinghe
authors.affiliation: Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: RickTwee-Hee
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Chiea-Chuen
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Khor
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.affiliation: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.|Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.affiliation: National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
authors.forename: Sissades
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1491-1839
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tongsima
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.|Institute of Personalized Genomics and Gene Therapy (IPGG), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Prapat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suriyaphol
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Max Planck Society Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.|School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.|Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.|Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.|Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yik-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D011153:Population / Q000235:genetics*; D012641:Selection, Genetic