title: Oral Microbiota in Infants Fed a Formula Supplemented with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes - A Randomized Controlled Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In a recent study, supplementation of infant formula with milk fat globule membranes (MFGM) decreased the incidence of otitis media in infants <6 months of age.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to characterize the oral microbiota in infants fed MFGM-supplemented formula and compare it to that of infants fed standard formula or breast milk.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial, exclusively formula-fed infants <2 months of age were randomized to be fed experimental formula (EF, n = 80) with reduced energy and protein and supplemented with a bovine MFGM concentrate, or standard formula (SF, n = 80) until 6 months of age. A breast-fed reference (BFR, n = 80) group was also recruited. The oral microbiota was analyzed at 4 (n = 124) and 12 (n = 166) months of age using Illumina MiSeq multiplex sequencing and taxonomic resolution against the HOMD 16S rDNA database of oral bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Species richness in the oral samples did not differ between the EF and SF groups, but partial least square modeling identified a few taxa that were significantly associated with being in either group, e.g. lower level of Moraxella catarrhalis in the EF group. Infants in the BFR group had significantly lower species richness at 4 months of age and their microbiota pattern differed markedly from the formula-fed groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementation of infant formula with MFGM yielded moderate effects on the oral microbiome. Moraxella catarrhalis was less prevalent in infants fed EF than in those fed SF and may be associated with the decrease in otitis media seen in the same group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Unit of Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Timby
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Unit of Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Domellöf
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology/Unit of Pedodontics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pernilla Lif
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Holgerson
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Unit of Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Christina E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: West
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, United States of America.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences/Unit of Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hernell
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology/Unit of Cariology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002417:Cattle; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005260:Female; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D066292:Lipid Droplets; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D001936:Moraxella catarrhalis; D009055:Mouth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D006017:Glycolipids; D006023:Glycoproteins; C110367:milk fat globule