title: Lithium Carbonate Recovery from Cathode Scrap of Spent Lithium-Ion Battery: A Closed-Loop Process.
abstract: A closed-loop process to recover lithium carbonate from cathode scrap of lithium-ion battery (LIB) is developed. Lithium could be selectively leached into solution using formic acid while aluminum remained as the metallic form, and most of the other metals from the cathode scrap could be precipitated out. This phenomenon clearly demonstrates that formic acid can be used for lithium recovery from cathode scrap, as both leaching and separation reagent. By investigating the effects of different parameters including temperature, formic acid concentration, H2O2amount, and solid to liquid ratio, the leaching rate of Li can reach 99.93% with minor Al loss into the solution. Subsequently, the leaching kinetics was evaluated and the controlling step as well as the apparent activation energy could be determined. After further separation of the remaining Ni, Co, and Mn from the leachate, Li2CO3with the purity of 99.90% could be obtained. The final solution after lithium carbonate extraction can be further processed for sodium formate preparation, and Ni, Co, and Mn precipitates are ready for precursor preparation for cathode materials. As a result, the global recovery rates of Al, Li, Ni, Co, and Mn in this process were found to be 95.46%, 98.22%, 99.96%, 99.96%, and 99.95% respectively, achieving effective resources recycling from cathode scrap of spent LIB.
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.|Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Wenfang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.|Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China , Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Xihua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.|Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Hongbin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5968-9357
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: National Engineering Research Center of Distillation Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China.|Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7183-0587
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008094:Lithium; D016651:Lithium Carbonate
chemical_list: D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008094:Lithium; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide