title: Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and association with oxidant stress, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The health effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have been studied extensively in children. The impact of other chemicals in these two classes has not been investigated as fully.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study of 10-13 y old healthy children. We assessed descriptive, univariable, and multivariable associations of urinary metabolites of bisphenols and phthalates with oxidant stress, insulin resistance, body mass, and endothelial dysfunction. Possible associations with brachial artery distensibility, pulse wave velocity (markers of vascular stiffness), and serum endothelial cell-derived microparticle levels were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We enrolled 41 participants, 12.1 ± 1.0 y, most of whom were Mexican Americans (42%) or other Hispanics (34%). Increased BPA levels were associated with increased levels of F2-isoprostane (ng/ml) (P = 0.02), with a similar trend for DEHP metabolites. Each log unit increase of high molecular weight (HMW) phthalate metabolites was associated with a 0.550 increase in Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) units (P = 0.019) and altered circulating levels of activated endothelial cell-derived microparticles (% per ml) (P = 0.026). Bisphenol S (BPS), a replacement for BPA, was associated with increased albumin (mg):creatinine (g) ratio (P = 0.04). Metabolites of HMW phthalates were also associated with decreased brachial artery distensibility (P = 0.047).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to bisphenols and phthalates, including a BPA replacement, is associated with increased oxidant stress, insulin resistance, albuminuria, as well as disturbances in vascular function in healthy children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Anglina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kataria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Dov
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wertenteil
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vento
authors.affiliation: New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wadsworth Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Jingchuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wadsworth Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Karthikraj
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rajendiran
authors.affiliation: New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Wadsworth Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York.
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thurman
authors.affiliation: Office of Collaborative Science, Immune Monitoring/Translational Research Core, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.affiliation: Office of Collaborative Science, Immune Monitoring/Translational Research Core, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brody
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urbina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attina
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trasande
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Nephrology and Environmental Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Trachtman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000633:toxicity*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds