title: Serum uromodulin is a predictive biomarker for cardiovascular events and overall mortality in coronary patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uromodulin is a protein produced exclusively by the kidneys and present in urine and blood. In contrast to weak and in part contradictory study data on uromodulin in urine samples, the analysis of serum samples recently proved uromodulin's value as superior biomarker for ongoing kidney disease. Whether serum uromodulin is associated with cardiovascular event risk and whether it has predictive power for overall mortality is still unknown and has been evaluated in the present study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured uromodulin in a series of 529 patients without acute coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiography for the evaluation of established or suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and prospectively recorded mortality as well as cardiovascular events in our patients during a follow-up of up to 8years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We recorded 95 deaths and 145 cardiovascular events over 8years. Serum uromodulin proved protective for overall mortality (HR=0.56 [95%CI 0.43-0.72]; p<0.001), even after full adjustment including eGFR, current smoking, diabetes, and CAD status (adj. HR=0.57 [95%CI 0.37-0.89]; p=0.014). Patients in the lowest tertile of serum uromodulin had a significantly higher cardiovascular event risk compared to patients in the medium and highest tertile (HR=of 1.45 (95%CI 1.04-2.02, p=0.027). The ratio between creatinine and uromodulin was significantly associated with kidney function (r=-0.322; p<0.001) and significantly predicted the incidence of cardiovascular events (HR of 1.26 [95%CI 1.12-1.41], p<0.001) and major cardiovascular events (HR of 1.37 [95%CI 1.21-1.56], p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that serum uromodulin is a valuable biomarker to predict overall mortality and cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leiherer
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muendlein
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein.
authors.forename: Christoph H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Saely
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ebner
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brandtner
authors.affiliation: Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Medical Central Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fraunberger
authors.affiliation: Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Electronic address: vivit@lkhf.at.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D058949:Uromodulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D058949:Uromodulin
keywords: Biomarker; Cardiovascular events; Kidney disease; Mortality; Tamm-Horsfall-Protein; Uromodulin