title: Dissemination of blaOXA-58 in Proteus mirabilis isolates from Germany.
abstract: Characterization of Proteus mirabilis isolates harbouring bla OXA-58 with emphasis on the genetic environment of this resistance determinant.
  
  
  
  Strains of P. mirabilis ( n  =   37) isolated from different patients were tested for the presence of bla OXA-58 . The genetic context of bla OXA-58 was determined by WGS of two strains and Sanger sequencing. Clonality of the strains was assessed by PFGE. Susceptibility testing was performed by microdilution according to EUCAST.
  
  
  
  Four strains isolated in different geographical regions of Germany were positive for bla OXA-58 , and WGS showed that this resistance gene was harboured on a plasmid. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of two nearly identical plasmids, 6219 and 6208 bp in size, in all four strains. Upstream of bla OXA-58 an IS Aba 3-like transposase gene was located. The P. mirabilis strains were not clonally related according to PFGE. MICs of meropenem for three of the strains were only just above the EUCAST breakpoint and the Carba NP test was positive for only two of the strains.
  
  
  
  To our knowledge, this is the first description of bla OXA-58 in the species P. mirabilis . The resistance gene is harboured by almost identical plasmids in strains not clonally related and from different geographical regions. Apart from an IS Aba 3-like transposase gene upstream of bla OXA-58 the genetic context is different from bla OXA-58 harboured on plasmids in the genus Acinetobacter . With MICs of meropenem well below the EUCAST breakpoint or only just above it and equivocal or false negative results from the Carba NP test, bla OXA-58 can be easily overlooked in P. mirabilis .
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfennigwerth
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Laboratorien Düsseldorf, Nordstraße 44, Düsseldorf, 40477, Germany.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerigk
authors.affiliation: Eifeldialyse Mechernich-Euskirchen, Zum Markt 12, Mechernich, 53894, Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gohlke
authors.affiliation: MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Heidelberg, Im Breitspiel 15, Heidelberg, 69126, Germany.
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
authors.affiliation: MVZ synlab Leverkusen GmbH, Paracelsusstraße 13, Leverkusen, 51375, Germany.
authors.forename: Ingvill
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Purr
authors.affiliation: MVZ Dr. Engelschalk, Dr. Schubach, Dr. Wiegel und Kollegen, Wörth 15, Passau, 94034, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wohanka
authors.affiliation: MVZ Dr. Engelschalk, Dr. Schubach, Dr. Wiegel und Kollegen, Wörth 15, Passau, 94034, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roggenkamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
authors.forename: Sören G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gatermann
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, Bochum, 44801, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaase
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000235:genetics; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015780:Carbapenems / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D005858:Germany; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006801:Humans; D000077731:Meropenem; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011513:Proteus mirabilis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013845:Thienamycins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015780:Carbapenems; D013845:Thienamycins; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D000077731:Meropenem