title: Two- and three-dimensional topographic analysis of pathologically myopic eyes with dome-shaped macula and inferior staphyloma by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the posterior anatomical structure of pathologically myopic eyes with dome-shaped macula and inferior staphyloma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Our database of 260 pathologically myopic eyes was analyzed retrospectively to identify patients with dome-shaped macula and inferior staphyloma. All patients underwent vertical and horizontal SD-OCT scans across the central fovea, with three-dimensional macular map reconstruction. Best-corrected visual acuity, axial length, and choroidal thickness measurements were recorded. The macular bulge height was also analyzed in eyes with dome-shaped macula. In the three-dimensional images, the symmetry and orientation of the main plane of the inward incurvation of the macula were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight (10.7%) of the 260 pathologically myopic eyes had dome-shaped macula of one of three different types: a round radially symmetrical dome (eight eyes, 28.5%), a horizontal axially symmetrical oval-shaped dome (15 eyes, 53.5%), or a vertical axially symmetrical oval-shaped dome (five eyes, 17.8%). The macular bulge height was significantly greater in horizontal oval-shaped dome eyes (p = 0.01, for each comparison). Inferior posterior staphylomas were observed in ten (3.8%) of the 260 pathologically myopic eyes with asymmetrical macular bends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical and horizontal OCT sectional scanning in combination with three-dimensional macular map reconstruction provides important information for understanding the posterior anatomical structure of dome-shaped macula and inferior staphyloma in pathologically myopic eyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Santiago de Compostela University Medical School, C/Ramon Baltar s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela-La Coruña, Spain. antoniogarciaben@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4574-1078
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Ben
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Málaga University Medical School, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Radua
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamal-Salah
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Málaga University Medical School, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: García-Basterra
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Málaga University Medical School, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez Gómez
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Málaga University Medical School, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Morillo Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Málaga University Medical School, Málaga, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Campos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002829:Choroid / Q000473:pathology*; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity
keywords: Choroidal thickness; Dome-shaped macula; Inferior staphyloma; Macular bulge height; Pathologic myopia; Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography