title: Water as neutral oral contrast agent in abdominopelvic CT: comparing effectiveness with Gastrografin in the same patient.
abstract: Positive oral contrast is no longer deemed necessary for abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scans. Studies have shown water to be an equally effective oral contrast agent. However, to our knowledge no study has compared effectiveness between gastrografin and water in the same patient, which will provide a more objective evaluation of the two oral contrast agents. We aim to make a head-to-head comparison of water as neutral oral contrast (OC) against gastrografin as positive OC for abdominopelvic CT scans in the same patient.
  
  
  
  A retrospective review of 206 abdominopelvic CT scans of 103 patients was performed. The scans were reviewed in consensus by two blinded radiologists. The ability to visualise each abdominopelvic organ, contrastassociated artefacts and small bowel wall delineation, was qualitatively scored on a 5-point scale. Each patient had two sets of scores, one with water and another with gastrografin as OC. Paired scores from the two OCs were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine any significant difference in performance between the two OCs for visualisation of abdominopelvic anatomy on CT.
  
  
  
  There was significantly better delineation of duodenal wall (p<0.001) and overall visualisation of the duodenum (p=0.011) using water as OC compared to gastrografin. No statistically significant differences were demonstrated between water and gastrografin for visualisation of the rest of the abdominopelvic organs, walldelineation of the rest small bowel and contrast-associated artefacts.
  
  
  
  Water can be used in place of gastrografin as oral contrast in abdominopelvic CT without compromising visualization of abdominopelvic organs.
authors.affiliation: Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Radiology, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore. powerlee_1999@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health Holdings, Singapore.
authors.forename: H Z
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vellayappan
authors.affiliation: Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Department of Radiology, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433 Singapore.
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000284:Administration, Oral; D003287:Contrast Media; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D006801:Humans; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014867:Water; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine