title: Sodium chlorate, a major water disinfection byproduct, alters brush border membrane enzymes, carbohydrate metabolism and impairs antioxidant system of Wistar rat intestine.
abstract: Sodium chlorate (NaClO3) is a widely used nonselective herbicide. It is also generated as a by-product during disinfection of drinking water by chlorine dioxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NaClO3on rat intestine. Adult male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control and remaining four groups were administered orally different doses of NaClO3and sacrificed 24 h after the treatment. The administration of NaClO3produced acute oxidative stress in the intestine, which manifested in the form of markedly enhanced malondialdehyde levels and carbonyl content and lowered total sulfhydryl groups and glutathione levels. The activities of several brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes were greatly reduced as compared to control. There were alterations in the activities of various enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism and those involved in maintaining the antioxidant defense system. Histological studies support the biochemical results showing NaClO3dose-dependent increase in tissue damage. Thus, the present study shows that oral administration of NaClO3decreases the activities of BBM enzymes, induces oxidative stress, alters metabolic pathways, and impairs the antioxidant system of rat intestine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1607-1616, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Shaikh Nisar
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Fariheen Aisha
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Aijaz Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India.
authors.forename: Riaz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahmood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D002704:Chlorates / Q000633:toxicity*; D004203:Disinfection; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002704:Chlorates; D006540:Herbicides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C032706:sodium chlorate
keywords: BBM; NaClO3; herbicide; intestine; oxidative stress