title: Production of Basidiomata and Ligninolytic Enzymes by the Lingzhi or Reishi Medicinal Mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Agaricomycetes), in Licuri (Syagrus coronata) Wastes in Brazil.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom with different forms of bioactivity that has been used in popular medicine for centuries. This study aimed to test the application of agricultural wastes (fruit shells, leaves, and bracts) from the endemic Brazilian palm tree Syagrus coronata (licuri) as substrates for the production of G. lucidum basidiomata and ligninolytic enzymes via solid-state fermentation. The best culture conditions were the same for all substrates (pH 6.5, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio = 40, and temperature 30°C) and were established from preliminary assays. The yield was not significantly different for bracts (33.53 g/kg) and leaves (37.48 g/kg), nor for the biological efficiency in these same substrates: bracts, 3.35%; leaves, 3.75%. The highest laccase (13.80 U/L) and manganese peroxidase (14.92 U/L) activities were achieved after 14 and 28 days of incubation, respectively, using bracts as the substrate. Licuri residues are then potential substrates to be used in the bioconversion process for mycelia, basidiomata, and ligninolytic enzyme production by G. lucidum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thais Almeida
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: de Menezes
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline Simoes da Rocha
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bispo
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Gabriela Bello
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Koblitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Porto de Souza
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Vandenberghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Novo Horizonte, Feira de Santana, BA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Helio Mitoshi
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kamida
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aristoteles
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goes-Neto
mesh_terms: D028023:Arecaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D001938:Brazil; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D020940:Reishi / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D007220:Industrial Waste; C036909:lignocellulose; D002244:Carbon; D008031:Lignin; D009584:Nitrogen