title: Salivary biomarkers in the diagnosis of breast cancer: A review.
abstract: Salivary biomarkers could be helpful to characterize breast cancer. Therefore, this review was performed to evaluate the capability of salivary biological markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they assessed the potential diagnostic value or other discriminatory properties of biological markers in saliva of patients with breast cancer. The search was performed in six electronic databases (Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science). In addition the biomarkers were classified according to their potential clinical application. We identified 567 pertinent studies, of which 13 met the inclusion criteria. Combined biomarker approaches demonstrated better ability to predict breast cancer patients than individual biomarkers. As single biomarker, namely proline, reported great capacity in both early and late stage breast cancer diagnosis. Taurine showed interesting capability to identify early breast cancer individuals. Furthermore, valine also demonstrated excellent diagnostic test accuracy for advanced stages of breast cancer. Only seven studies reported sensitivity and specificity (Zhang et al., 2010; Streckfus et al., 2000a; Brooks et al., 2008; Cheng et al., 2015; Bigler et al., 2002; Zhong et al., 2016; Streckfus, 2009), which varied considerably from 50% to 100%, and from 51% to 97%, respectively. In general, salivary biomarkers identified advanced stages of breast cancer better than early stages. There is currently limited evidence to confirm the putative implementation of salivary biomarkers as diagnostic tools for breast cancer. However, current review provides new research directions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Cettro Centro de Câncer de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elisa Cançado
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Porto-Mascarenhas
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniele Xavier
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Assad
authors.affiliation: Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; ESPCI Paris Tech, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chardin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gozal
authors.affiliation: Brazilian Centre for Evidence Based Research, Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Graziela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Luca Canto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Carolina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Acevedo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Oral Histopathology, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil. Electronic address: elieteneves@unb.br.
authors.forename: Eliete Neves Silva
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Guerra
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Biological markers; Breast cancer; Diagnosis; Review; Saliva