title: The expression of endothelin-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia is controlled by epigenetic mechanisms and extracellular stimuli.
abstract: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a hormone peptide widely expressed and is involved in several biological processes, important not only for normal cell function but also for tumor development, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and osteogenesis. In accordance, ET-1 was already shown to contribute to the growth and progression of many different solid cancers. We recently demonstrated that ET-1 has a role in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) where it is abnormally expressed. In the context of this malignancy, ET-1 is able to mediate survival, drug-resistance and growth signals in leukemic cells. Previous studies, not conducted in CLL, have shown that ET-1 regulatory mechanisms are numerous and cell specific. Here, we valued the expression of ET-1 in CLL, in relation to DNA methylation but also in response to stimulation of some important pathways for the dialogue between CLL and microenvironment. We found that a high methylation of ET-1 first intron affects the basal expression of ET-1 in CLL. Moreover, we showed that the activation of CD40 or Toll-like receptor (TLR) by extracellular stimuli produces an augment of ET-1 level in CLL cells. Finally, we demonstrated the fundamental role of NF-kB signalling pathway in promoting and maintaining ET-1 expression in CLL cells, both in basal conditions and after CD40 activation.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maffei
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiorcari
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Quadrelli
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benatti
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Potenza
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luppi
authors.affiliation: Hematology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy. Electronic address: roberto.marasca@unimore.it.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marasca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
keywords: CD40 stimulation; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DNA methylation; Endothelin-1; NF-kB; Transcriptional regulation