title: Efficacy and Safety of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Recombinant Human Gonadotropins for Congenital Micropenis during Early Infancy .
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early postnatal administration of gonadotropins to infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can mimic minipuberty, thereby increasing penile growth. We assessed the effects of gonadotropin infusion on stretched penile length (SPL) and hormone levels in infants with congenital micropenis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center study including 6 males with micropenis in case of isolated CHH (n = 4), panhypopituitarism (n = 1), and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS; n = 1). Patients were evaluated at baseline, monthly and at the end of the study through a clinical examination (SPL, testicular position and size), serum hormone assays (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B, anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH]), and ultrasound of penis/testes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In CHH, significant increases occurred in serum testosterone (from undetectable level to 3.5 ± 4.06 ng/mL [12.15 ± 14.09 nmol/L]), SPL (from 13.8 ± 4.5 to 42.6 ± 5 mm; p < 0.0001), inhibin B (from 94.8 ± 74.9 to 469.4 ± 282.5 pg/mL, p = 0.04), and AMH (from 49.6 ± 30.6 to 142 ± 76.5 ng/mL, p = 0.03). Micropenis was corrected in all patients, except one. On treatment, in the patient with PAIS, SPL was increased from 13 to 38 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early gonadotropin infusion is a safe, well-tolerated and effective treatment. The effect in PAIS has not been reported previously. Long-term follow-up is needed to assess the impact, if any, on future fertility and reproduction. .
authors.forename: Athanasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stoupa
authors.forename: Dinane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samara-Boustani
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Flechtner
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jourdon
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Briceño
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bidet
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laborde
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chevenne
authors.forename: Anne-Elodie
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Millischer
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lottmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aigrain
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beltrand
mesh_terms: D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000097:blood / Q000151:congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007223:Infant; D055104:Infusions, Subcutaneous; D007265:Inhibins / Q000097:blood; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013737:Testis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C422364:inhibin B; D013739:Testosterone; D007265:Inhibins; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone