title: A hospital-based study of intimate partner violence during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence and types of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy, factors linked with IPV, and effects of IPV on maternal-fetal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi, India, 400 women at 20-28 weeks of pregnancy were screened for IPV between December 2013 and April 2015. The women completed a detailed questionnaire and were followed up until delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 49 (12.3%) women experienced IPV during pregnancy. The most prevalent type of IPV was emotional (43/400 [10.7%]), followed by physical (40/400 [10.0%]) and sexual (7/400 [1.8%]). The most prevalent factor triggering IPV was intimate partner's desire for a son (17/49 [34.7%]). Women and their intimate partners were older in the IPV group than in the control group, and duration of marriage was longer (P<0.05 for all). Multigravidity, lower socioeconomic status, low education level of intimate partner, and partners' addiction were more common in the IPV group (P<0.05 for all). Obstetric outcomes were similar in both groups. Depression was diagnosed in 19 (46.3%) women affected by IPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPV was documented in approximately 12% of participants. Population-based surveys need to be done to investigate further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Khushboo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Varshney
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neelam B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Vaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guleria
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Keya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaid
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Neha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012747:Sexual Partners / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Depression; Intimate partner violence; Materno-fetal outcome; Prenatal