title: Examining the reliability and validity of the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms within the Management of Schizophrenia in Clinical Practice (MOSAIC) multisite national study.
abstract: The current study sought to expand on prior reports of the validity and reliability of the CAINS (CAINS) by examining its performance across diverse non-academic clinical settings as employed by raters not affiliated with the scale's developers and across a longer test-retest follow-up period. The properties of the CAINS were examined within the Management of Schizophrenia in Clinical Practice (MOSAIC) schizophrenia registry. A total of 501 participants with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis who were receiving usual care were recruited across 15 national Patient Assessment Centers and evaluated with the CAINS, other negative symptom measures, and assessments of functioning, quality of life and cognition. Temporal stability of negative symptoms was assessed across a 3-month follow-up. Results replicated the two-factor structure of the CAINS reflecting Motivation and Pleasure and expression symptoms. The CAINS scales exhibited high internal consistency and temporal stability. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations between the CAINS subscales with other negative symptom measures. Additionally, the CAINS was significantly correlated with functioning and quality of life. Discriminant validity was demonstrated by small to moderate associations between the CAINS and positive symptoms, depression, and cognition (and these associations were comparable to those found with other negative symptom scales). Findings suggest that the CAINS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring negative symptoms in schizophrenia across diverse clinical samples and settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. Electronic address: jblancha@umd.edu.
authors.forename: Jack J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Kristen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.affiliation: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.affiliation: Saint Louis University, 1438 S. Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104 3, USA.
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Nasrallah
authors.affiliation: University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
authors.forename: Philip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Csilla T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Csoboth
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
authors.forename: James I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Julian
authors.affiliation: Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lentz
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA.
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nuechterlein
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Diana O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.affiliation: Greater Cincinnati Behavioral Health Services, 1501 Madison Road, Walnut Hills, OH 45206, USA.
authors.forename: Tracey G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Skale
authors.affiliation: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Lonnie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Snowden
authors.affiliation: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.affiliation: Yale University/Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
authors.forename: Cenk
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tek
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr. San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78240, USA.
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Velligan
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; San Francisco Veterans Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinogradov
authors.affiliation: Formerly of Genentech. Currently at Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., 430 East 29th Street, New York City, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Cedric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: O'Gorman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Assessment; Clinical interview; Functioning; Negative symptoms; Schizophrenia