title: Assessing the progression of chronic periodontitis using subgingival pathogen levels: a 24-month prospective multicenter cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of the progression of periodontitis presently depends on the use of clinical symptoms (such as attachment loss) and radiographic imaging. The aim of the multicenter study described here was to evaluate the diagnostic use of the bacterial content of subgingival plaque recovered from the deepest pockets in assessing disease progression in chronic periodontitis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study consisted of a 24-month investigation of a total of 163 patients with chronic periodontitis who received trimonthly follow-up care. Subgingival plaque from the deepest pockets was recovered and assessed for bacterial content of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using the modified Invader PLUS assay. The corresponding serum IgG titers were measured using ELISA. Changes in clinical parameters were evaluated over the course of 24 months. The sensitivity, specificity, and prediction values were calculated and used to determine cutoff points for prediction of the progression of chronic periodontitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 124 individuals who completed the 24-month monitoring phase, 62 exhibited progression of periodontitis, whereas 62 demonstrated stable disease. The P. gingivalis counts of subgingival plaque from the deepest pockets was significantly associated with the progression of periodontitis (p < 0.001, positive predictive value = 0.708).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The P. gingivalis counts of subgingival plaque from the deepest pockets may be associated with the progression of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kakuta
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan. nomura-y@tsurumi-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morozumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Fujise
authors.affiliation: Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-doori,Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, 2-11 Suemori-doori,Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Hirokagobara, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshinari
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fukaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekino
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Numabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho-nishi, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakae-cho-nishi, Matsudo-shi, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Bunkyo-Dori Dental Clinic, 2-4-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.affiliation: Bunkyo-Dori Dental Clinic, 2-4-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan.|Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral function and Restoration, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaokacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Makino-Oi
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misakicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Dental Care, The Nippon Dental University Niigata Hospital, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of life Dentistry at Niigata, The Nippon Dental University, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Dental Anesthesiology, Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawanami
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takashiba
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D055113:Chronic Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D007074:Immunoglobulin G
keywords: Periodontal stability; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Progression of periodontitis; Subgingival plaque