title: Risk for metabolic diseases in normal weight individuals with visceral fat accumulation: a cross-sectional study in Japan.
abstract: To investigate the association between visceral fat area (VFA) and metabolic syndrome (Mets) among normal weight Japanese.
  
  
  
  A cross-sectional study.
  
  
  
  The health check-up centre of the Takeda Hospital group in Kyoto, Japan.
  
  
  
  This study involved 1674 men and 1448 women aged 30-74 years who underwent medical check-ups in 2012 in the health check-up centre. They were stratified by Body Mass Index (BMI cut-off for obesity is set at 23.0 kg/m2for Asians): normal weight 18.5-22.9 kg/m2or higher weight ≥23.0 kg/m2. The age-adjusted ORs of the 2nd to 4th groups of sex-specific VFA quartiles compared with the 1st quartile for a Mets component clustering were estimated. The clustering was having two or more of the following factors: high blood pressure, high fasting blood glucose (FBG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high triglycerides. Statistical analyses were conducted in 2016.
  
  
  
  Participants in the 2nd to 4th VFA quartiles had significantly higher clustering risks; ORs were 3.4 (1.5 to 8.0), 6.3 (2.8 to 14.2) and 9.3 (4.2 to 20.7) for normal weight participants, and 1.7 (1.2 to 2.6), 2.6 (1.8 to 3.9) and 6.0 (4.1 to 8.8) for higher weight participants, respectively. The ORs of the 4th VFA quartile for Mets components were significantly higher; ORs for normal weight participants were 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) (high blood pressure), 2.4 (1.4 to 4.2) (high FBG), 5.2 (2.1 to 12.9) (low HDL-C) and 12.0 (5.7 to 25.3) (high triglycerides), and higher weight participants were 3.9 (2.8 to 5.5), 4.1 (2.8 to 6.2), 3.9 (2.2 to 6.9) and 5.0 (3.4 to 7.4), respectively.
  
  
  
  Among participants with normal weight, as well as those of higher weight, dose-dependent responses were observed between VFA and risk for Mets components and the clustering among Japanese adults. VFA may be useful information for interventions to improve metabolic risk factors in people with normal weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tatsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.|Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoko M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.affiliation: Takeda Hospital Group, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Izuru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Misa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takegami
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University, Shinjuku, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Informatics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.|Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY; PUBLIC HEALTH; visceral fat