title: Chloride on the Move.
abstract: Chloride (Cl-) is an essential plant nutrient but under saline conditions it can accumulate to toxic levels in leaves; limiting this accumulation improves the salt tolerance of some crops. The rate-limiting step for this process - the transfer of Cl-from root symplast to xylem apoplast, which can antagonize delivery of the macronutrient nitrate (NO3-) to shoots - is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) and is multigenic. Until recently the molecular mechanisms underpinning this salt-tolerance trait were poorly defined. We discuss here how recent advances highlight the role of newly identified transport proteins, some that directly transfer Cl-into the xylem, and others that act on endomembranes in 'gatekeeper' cell types in the root stele to control root-to-shoot delivery of Cl-.
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tester
authors.affiliation: Plant Transport and Signalling Group, Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Electronic address: matthew.gilliham@adelaide.edu.au.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilliham
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052584:Xylem / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D010940:Plant Proteins
keywords: ALMT9; CCC; GmSALT3; NPF2.4; SLAH1; long-distance transport