title: Effectiveness and Duration of Protection of One Dose of a Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meningococcal conjugate vaccines were licensed beginning in 2005 on the basis of serologic end points and recommended for use in adolescents. A single dose at age 11 to 12 years was expected to provide protection through late adolescence. We conducted a case-control evaluation of vaccine effectiveness (VE) and duration of protection of a meningococcal (groups A, C, W, and Y) polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of culture- or polymerase chain reaction-confirmed serogroup A, C, W, and Y meningococcal disease among adolescents were identified through meningococcal disease surveillance sites in the United States from January 1, 2006, through August 31, 2013. Attempts were made to enroll 4 friend and school controls per case. VE was calculated using the generalized estimating equation, controlling for underlying medical conditions and smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serogroup C accounted for 88 (49%), serogroup Y 80 (44%), and serogroup W 13 (7%) of enrolled cases. Thirty-six (20%) cases and 87 (44%) controls received MenACWY-D. The overall VE estimate 0 to 8 years postvaccination was 69% (51% to 80%); VE was 79% (49% to 91%) at <1 year, 69% (44% to 83%) at 1 to <3 years, and 61% (25% to 79%) at 3 to <8 years. VE was 77% (57% to 88%) against serogroup C and 51% (1% to 76%) against serogroup Y.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MenACWY-D was effective in the first year after vaccination but effectiveness waned 3 to <8 years postvaccination. The estimates of VE from this evaluation informed the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices in its decision to add a booster dose of MenACWY.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; acohn@cdc.gov.
authors.forename: Amanda C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: MacNeil
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: Lee H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Department of Health, St Paul, Minnesota.
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lynfield
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkley, California; and.
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reingold
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Zell
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plikaytis
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Messonnier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D002353:Carrier State / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D008297:Male; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; C568160:MenACWY-D vaccine; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines