title: A New Israeli Tobamovirus Isolate Infects Tomato Plants Harboring Tm-22 Resistance Genes.
abstract: An outbreak of a new disease infecting tomatoes occurred in October-November 2014 at the Ohad village in Southern Israel. Symptomatic plants showed a mosaic pattern on leaves accompanied occasionally by narrowing of leaves and yellow spotted fruit. The disease spread mechanically and rapidly reminiscent of tobamovirus infection. Epidemiological studies showed the spread of the disease in various growing areas, in the South and towards the Southeast and Northern parts of the country within a year. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis showed a single rod-like form characteristic to the Tobamovirus genus. We confirmed Koch's postulates for the disease followed by partial host range determination and revealed that tomato cultivars certified to harbor the Tm-22 resistance gene are susceptible to the new viral disease. We further characterized the viral source of the disease using a range of antisera for serological detection and analyzed various virus genera and families for cross-reactivity with the virus. In addition, next generation sequencing of total small RNA was performed on two cultivars grown in two different locations. In samples collected from commercial cultivars across Israel, we found a single virus that caused the disease. The complete genome sequence of the new Israeli tobamovirus showed high sequence identity to the Jordanian isolate of tomato brown rugose fruit virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Neta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luria
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Elisheva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reingold
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bekelman
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetables and field crops, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lapidot
authors.affiliation: Department of Vegetables and field crops, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.affiliation: Electron Microscopy Unit, Departments of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
authors.forename: Nadav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Elad
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Yehudit
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tam
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Noa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sela
authors.affiliation: Plant protection and inspection services, Beit-Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abu-Ras
authors.affiliation: Plant protection and inspection services, Beit-Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Nadav
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ezra
authors.affiliation: Plant protection and inspection services, Beit-Dagan, Israel.
authors.forename: Ami
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haberman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.|Department of Plant Sciences, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Liron
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yitzhak
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Oded
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lachman
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
authors.forename: Aviv
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-3931
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dombrovsky
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017343:Genes, Plant; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D007106:Immune Sera; D007557:Israel; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000821:virology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017898:Tobamovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D007106:Immune Sera