title: Systemic Metabolite Changes in Wild-type C57BL/6 Mice Fed Black Raspberries.
abstract: Freeze-dried black raspberries (BRBs) elicit chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer in humans and in rodents. The objective of this study was to investigate potential BRB-caused metabolite changes using wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice.
  
  
  
  WT mice were fed either control diet or control diet supplemented with 5% BRBs for 8 wk. A nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on colonic mucosa, liver, and fecal specimens collected from both diet groups. BRBs significantly changed the levels of 41 colonic mucosa metabolites, 40 liver metabolites, and 34 fecal metabolites compared to control diet-fed mice. BRBs reduced 34 lipid metabolites in colonic mucosa and increased levels of amino acids in liver. One metabolite, 3-[3-(sulfooxy) phenyl] propanoic acid, might be a useful biomarker of BRB consumption. In addition, BRB powder was found to contain 30-fold higher levels of linolenate compared to control diets. Consistently, multiple omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), including stearidonate, docosapentaenoate (ω-3 DPA), eicosapentaenoate (EPA), and docosahexaenoate (DHA), were significantly elevated in livers of BRB-fed mice.
  
  
  
  The data from the current study suggest that BRBs produce systemic metabolite changes in multiple tissue matrices, supporting our hypothesis that BRBs may serve as both a chemopreventive agent and a beneficial dietary supplement.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Pan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Chad W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Skaer
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Hsin-Tzu
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kreiser
authors.affiliation: b Clinical Research and Development, Metabolon, Inc. , Durham , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Stirdivant
authors.affiliation: c Department of Pathology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.affiliation: d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: e Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute , Rockville , Maryland , USA.
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Young
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medicine , Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , Wisconsin , USA.
authors.forename: Li-Shu
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D065856:Rubus
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3