title: [Trends in social inequities in diabetes care in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur region of France between 2008 and 2011].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social inequities in healthcare are known to exist for the management of many chronic diseases in France, including diabetes. The recession that began in 2008 has led to increased income disparities but has it also exacerbated health inequities. The aim of this study was to describe trends in inequities in diabetes-related healthcare between 2008 and 2011 in the PACA region (Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur).
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis used two sources of data: the regional national health insurance fund (PACA region) reimbursement database and the socio-demographic databases of the national statistics office (INSEE) for four full years (2008 to 2011). It included individuals who had been reimbursed for three purchases of oral diabetes drugs during the previous year and assessed the association between the median household income (weighted by number and age of household members) of each patient's municipality of residence and seven indicators of diabetes monitoring and care. Using adjusted mixed logistic models, including an interaction term between time (number of years) and the median household income of the municipality, we examined the performance of the indicators for each year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total number of patients with diabetes in the 941 municipalities of the PACA region varied by year from 142,055 to 164,929. Models showed that living in a town with a high or intermediate household income was significantly associated with better performance of the seven indicators and that the interaction term was significant for six of them. The effect of the municipal median income decreased significantly between 2008 and 2011 for five indicators: HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol, microalbuminuria, ophthalmoscopy and diabetes specialist visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social inequities in diabetes-related healthcare persisted between 2008 and 2011 but appeared to be decreasing, despite the recession.
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille université, département de médecine générale, 13005 Marseille, France; Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), Inserm, UMR_S 912, 13385 Marseille, France; ORS PACA, observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, 13006 Marseille, France. Electronic address: ludovic.casanova@univ-amu.fr.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille université, département de médecine générale, 13005 Marseille, France; Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), Inserm, UMR_S 912, 13385 Marseille, France; ORS PACA, observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Carrier
authors.affiliation: Aix-Marseille université, département de médecine générale, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin de Vidales
authors.affiliation: Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), Inserm, UMR_S 912, 13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, UMR_S 912, IRD, 13385 Marseille, France; ORS PACA, observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cortaredona
authors.affiliation: Sciences économiques & sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), Inserm, UMR_S 912, 13385 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille université, UMR_S 912, IRD, 13385 Marseille, France; ORS PACA, observatoire régional de la santé Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur, 13006 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D054625:Healthcare Disparities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabète; Economics; Facteurs socio-économiques; Health status disparities; Inégalités de santé; Prévention secondaire; Quality of health care; Qualité des soins; Secondary prevention; Socioeconomic factors; Économie