title: Intracellular survival of Clostridium chauvoei in bovine macrophages.
abstract: Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of blackleg, a severe disease of domestic ruminants, causing myonecrosis and serious toxemia with high mortality. Despite the known importance of this agent, studies evaluating its pathogenesis of blackleg are scarce, and many are based on an unproven hypothesis that states that macrophages are responsible for carrying C. chauvoei spores from the intestines to muscles in the early stages of blackleg. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the survival of C. chauvoei vegetative cells or spores after phagocytosis by a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and bovine monocyte-derived macrophages and to profile inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine transcripts of bovine macrophages infected with C. chauvoei vegetative cells or spores. Both vegetative cells and spores of C. chauvoei remain viable after internalization by murine and bovine macrophages. Bovine macrophages infected with vegetative cells showed a pro-inflammatory profile, while those infected with spores displayed an anti-inflammatory profile. Together, these results corroborate the classical hypothesis that macrophages may play a role in the early pathogenesis of blackleg. Moreover, this is the first study to evaluate the infection kinetics and cytokine profile of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages infected with a Clostridium species.
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Prhiscylla Sadanã
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Renato Lima
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Tatiane Alves
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: da Paixão
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Laura Cristina
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Bernardes
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Auricélio Alves
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: de Macêdo
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luciana Aramuni
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Augusto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Júnior
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address: rodrigo.otaviosilva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Rodrigo Otávio Silveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco Carlos Faria
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lobato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003015:Clostridium Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D046975:Clostridium chauvoei / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D050296:Microbial Viability; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Blackleg; Cattle; In vitro model; Malignant edema; Myonecrosis