title: Effects of Long-Term Water-Aging on Novel Anti-Biofilm and Protein-Repellent Dental Composite.
abstract: The aims of this study were to: (1) synthesize an anti-biofilm and protein-repellent dental composite by combining 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with quaternary ammonium dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); and (2) evaluate the effects of water-aging for 180 days on protein resistance, bacteria-killing ability, and mechanical properties of MPC-DMAHDM composite. MPC and DMAHDM were added into a resin composite. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, and 180 days. Mechanical properties were measured in three-point flexure. Protein attachment onto the composite was evaluated by a micro bicinchoninic acid approach. An oral plaque microcosm biofilm model was employed to evaluate oral biofilm viability vs. water-aging time. Mechanical properties of the MPC-DMAHDM composite after 180-day immersion matched those of the commercial control composite. The composite with 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM had much stronger resistance to protein adhesion than control (p< 0.05). MPC + DMAHDM achieved much stronger biofilm-eradicating effects than MPC or DMAHDM alone (p< 0.05). Biofilm colony-forming units on the 3% MPC + 1.5% DMAHDM composite were three orders of magnitude lower than commercial control. The protein-repellent and antibacterial effects were durable and showed no loss in water-aging from 1 to 180 days. The novel MPC-DMAHDM composite possessed strong and durable resistance to protein adhesion and potent bacteria-eradicating function, while matching the load-bearing ability of a commercial dental composite. The novel MPC-DMAHDM composite represents a promising means of suppressing oral plaque growth, acid production, and secondary caries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. dentistzhang112@163.com.|Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. dentistzhang112@163.com.
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. tuzizhangke@163.com.|Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. tuzizhangke@163.com.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. mmelo@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Mary A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Melo
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. mweir@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weir
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. djxu334@gmail.com.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China. byuxing@263.net.
authors.forename: Yuxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. hxu@umaryland.edu.|Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. hxu@umaryland.edu.|Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. hxu@umaryland.edu.|Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA. hxu@umaryland.edu.
authors.forename: Hockin H K
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000327:Adsorption; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D008689:Methacrylates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D011506:Proteins; D014867:Water; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D019344:Lactic Acid; C070638:2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine
keywords: antibacterial; caries inhibition; dental composite; long-term durability; protein repellent; water-aging