title: Beliefs about the causes of depression and recovery and their impact on adherence, dosage, and successful tapering of antidepressants.
abstract: Continuation of antidepressant medication (ADM) after remission is widely used to prevent depressive relapse/recurrence. Little is known about predictors of ADM use in terms of adherence, dosage, and successful tapering. The current study aimed to explore beliefs about the causes of depression and recovery (i.e., causal beliefs) and to examine whether they predict ADM use.
  
  
  
  The data were drawn from a controlled trial and an extension of this trial with additional experience sampling. In total, 289 remitted patients with recurrent depression (ADM ≥ 6 months) were randomly assigned to Preventive Cognitive Therapy (PCT) with ADM tapering, PCT with maintenance ADM, or maintenance ADM alone. Adherence, ADM dosage, and causal beliefs regarding the first and last depressive episodes were explored via questionnaires.
  
  
  
  Most patients mentioned stressful life events as cause of depression, although more patients tended to endorse external causes for the first episode and internal causes for the last episode. ADM was most often mentioned as helpful during recovery from both episodes. Over half of all patients were adherent and under half of the patients in the tapering condition were able to complete the taper. Causal beliefs did not predict ADM use.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that causal beliefs play little role in the use of maintenance ADM. More information is needed on factors contributing to successful tapering. The results must be interpreted with caution as this is not a naturalistic study and the results might be biased toward a more favorable view regarding ADM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nicola S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.|Department of early detection and intervention in psychosis, GGZ Drenthe, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gerard D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: van Rijsbergen
authors.affiliation: Department de Swaai, GGZ Friesland, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mascha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ten Doesschate
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hollon
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Huibert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.|Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claudi L H
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bockting
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012074:Remission Induction; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult; D016903:Drug Monitoring
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents
keywords: adherence; antidepressants; clinical trials; cognitive behavior therapy; depression