title: PlasmidicqnrGenes Confer Clinical Resistance to Ciprofloxacin under Urinary Tract Physiological Conditions.
abstract: Escherichia colivariants expressing plasmid-mediatedqnrgenes are usually susceptible to fluoroquinolones by standard susceptibility testing. Here we show that, under specific urinary tract physiological conditions, susceptible laboratory and clinical strains harboringqnrdeterminants become fully resistant to ciprofloxacin (CIP). Therefore, physiological conditions, mainly urine pH values, should be considered when performing susceptibility testing of CIP activity againstE. coliin treating urinary tract infection (UTI) and for selecting appropriate antibiotics for UTI treatment.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.|Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3456-9532
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martín-Gutiérrez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.|Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martínez
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.|Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.|Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
authors.forename: Álvaro
authors.initials: Á
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain jeronimo.rodriguez.beltran@gmail.com blazquez@cnb.csic.es.
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3014-1229
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Beltrán
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain jeronimo.rodriguez.beltran@gmail.com blazquez@cnb.csic.es.|Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen Macarena y Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.|Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0495-3848
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blázquez
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin
keywords: Escherichia coli; MIC; ciprofloxacin; pH; qnr; urinary tract infection