title: Detection of posterior vortex veins in eyes with pathologic myopia by ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography.
abstract: To analyse the characteristics of posterior vortex veins detected in highly myopic eyes by wide-field indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).
  
  
  
  One hundred and fifty-eight consecutive patients (302 eyes) with high myopia (myopic refractive error >8.0 dioptres (D) or axial length ≥26.5 mm) were studied. Wide-field ICGA was performed with the Spectralis HRA module.
  
  
  
  Posterior vortex veins were found in 80 eyes (26%). The prevalence of posterior staphyloma was significantly higher in eyes in which posterior vortex vein was detected than in eyes without posterior vortex vein. The posterior vortex veins were classified into five types according to the site of exit from the eye; around the optic nerve in 28%, in the macular area in 17%, along the border of staphyloma in 6%, along the margin of macular atrophy or large peripapillary conus in 21%, and elsewhere in 28%. In one eye, two posterior vortex veins collected the choroidal venous blood from the entire fundus.
  
  
  
  Wide-field ICGA can analyse the characteristic features of choroidal blood outflow system through posterior vortex veins in highly myopic eyes. They may play an important role as routes of choroidal outflow in highly myopic eyes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Muka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kejia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohno-Matsui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058452:Axial Length, Eye / Q000473:pathology; D002829:Choroid / Q000098:blood supply*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D047728:Myopia, Degenerative / Q000175:diagnosis*; D057972:Posterior Eye Segment / Q000473:pathology*; D012590:Sclera / Q000098:blood supply*; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green
keywords: Choroid; Imaging; Retina