title: Regional ventilation during phonation in professional male and female singers.
abstract: The respiratory system is a central part of voice production, but details in breath control during phonation are not yet fully understood. This study therefore aims to investigate regional ventilation of the lungs during phonation. It was analyzed in 11 professional singers using electrical impedance tomography during breathing and phonation with maximum phonation time. Our results show differences in impedance changes between phonation and exhalation in the courses of time and amplitude normalized curves. Furthermore, differences related to gender and professionalism were found in the temporal and spatial profiles of regional ventilation. For female singers (sopranos and mezzo-sopranos) the anterior region participated less at the start of ventilation, and was more stable at the midpoint compared to male singers (tenors). This might be an expression of a smaller relative movement in rib cage and anterior diaphragm, primarily in early phonation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Otolaryngology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany. Electronic address: Louisa.Traser@uniklinik-freiburg.de.
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Traser
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knab
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Echternach
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Neurology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuhrer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Musicians' Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Buerkle
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schumann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology; D011361:Professional Competence; D012119:Respiration; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D063346:Singing / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014054:Tomography; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Electrical impedance tomography; Phonation; Regional ventilation; Singer; Subglottic pressure