title: Influence of cold-water immersion on limb blood flow after resistance exercise.
abstract: This study determined the influence of cold (8°C) and cool (22°C) water immersion on lower limb and cutaneous blood flow following resistance exercise. Twelve males completed 4 sets of 10-repetition maximum squat exercise and were then immersed, semi-reclined, into 8°C or 22°C water for 10-min, or rested in a seated position (control) in a randomized order on different days. Rectal and thigh skin temperature, muscle temperature, thigh and calf skin blood flow and superficial femoral artery blood flow were measured before and after immersion. Indices of vascular conductance were calculated (flux and blood flow/mean arterial pressure). The colder water reduced thigh skin temperature and deep muscle temperature to the greatest extent (P < .001). Reductions in rectal temperature were similar (0.2-0.4°C) in all three trials (P = .69). Femoral artery conductance was similar after immersion in both cooling conditions, with both conditions significantly lower (55%) than the control post-immersion (P < .01). Similarly, there was greater thigh and calf cutaneous vasoconstriction (40-50%) after immersion in both cooling conditions, relative to the control (P < .01), with no difference between cooling conditions. These findings suggest that cold and cool water similarly reduce femoral artery and cutaneous blood flow responses but not muscle temperature following resistance exercise.
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mawhinney
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Low
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.|b School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health , The University of Western Australia , Perth , Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: c Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation , Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK.|d Water Research Group, School of Biological Sciences , North West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa.
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Howatson
authors.affiliation: a Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences , Liverpool John Moores University , Liverpool , UK.
authors.forename: Warren
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gregson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D055070:Resistance Training; D012146:Rest; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology; D014661:Vasoconstriction; D014867:Water; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D014867:Water
keywords: blood flow; cooling; inflammation; muscle damage