title: Colonisation of poultry by Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 is reduced by combined administration of Lactobacillus salivarius 59 and Enterococcus faecium PXN-33.
abstract: Salmonella Enteritidis remains a significant issue within the poultry industry and one potential solution is to use probiotic bacteria to prevent Salmonella colonisation through competitive exclusion (CE). We demonstrate that combined administration of Lactobacillus salivarius 59 and Enterococcus faecium PXN33 were effective competitive excluders of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 in poultry. Two models were developed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic where birds received Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 by a) oral gavage and b) sentinel bird to bird transmission. A statistically significant (p<0.001) 2 log reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 colonisation was observed in the ileum, caecum and colon at day 43 using combined administration of the two probiotic bacteria. However, no Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 colonisation reduction was observed when either probiotic was administered individually. In the sentinel bird model the combined probiotic administered at days 12 and 20 was more effective than one-off or double administrations at age 1 and 12days. In vitro cell free culture supernatant studies suggest the mechanism of Salmonella Enteritidis S1400 inhibition was due to a reduction in pH by the probiotic bacteria. Our current study provides further evidence that probiotics can significantly reduce pathogenic bacterial colonisation in poultry and that mixed preparation of probiotics provide superior performance when compared to individual bacterial preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, AX Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK. Electronic address: acarter@dom.wustl.edu.
authors.forename: Alun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, AX Building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK.
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: La Ragione
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, The University of Reading, Whiteknights Park, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002645:Chickens; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D006801:Humans; D000069996:Ligilactobacillus salivarius / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D056265:Microbial Interactions; D008954:Models, Biological; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors
keywords: Competitive exclusion; Enterococcus faecium; Lactobacillus salivarius; Poultry; Probiotic; Salmonella Enteritidis