title: Innovative root-end filling materials based on calcium-silicates and calcium-phosphates.
abstract: This in vitro study evaluated the apical sealing ability, bioactivity and biocompatibility of an experimental calcium silicate-based and two light-curing calcium silicate/calcium-phosphate cements as potential root end filling materials. A calcium silicate Portland-based (Control PC), an experimental calcium silicate (Exp. PC) and two light-curing cements (LC-CaP; LC-Si/CaP) were assessed for their alkalinising activity (pH) and biocompatibility. Single-rooted human canines were endodontically treated, filled with gutta-percha and finally submitted to apicoectomy. Root end fillings were performed using all tested cements, and their apical sealing ability was evaluated up to 4 weeks of immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF). The mineral precipitation at the apical region and the cement adaptation to root dentine were also evaluated through non-destructive optical microscopy both at 24 h and after prolonged water storage (four week). LC-CaP and LC-Si/CaP had neutral pH, the greatest sealing ability (24 h) and excellent cytocompatibility. The Exp. PC cement presented sealing ability after two and four weeks, as well as biocompatibility after four and seven days, similar to LC-CaP and LC-Si/CaP. The control PC cement showed the lowest sealing ability and the greatest cytotoxicity. Mineral precipitation was observed in all groups, while some differences were seen in terms of cement adaptation along the root canal dentine walls. The experimental light-curable cements as well as the experimental PC might be suitable root end filling materials with appropriate (in vitro) sealing ability, biocompatibility and aptitude to induce mineral precipitation.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abedi-Amin
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Arlinda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luzi
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, Oral and Dental Science, Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giovarruscio
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paolone
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Atanaz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darvizeh
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria Vivó
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Agulló
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia, Spain. salvatore.sauro@uch.ceu.es.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-8776
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauro
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D055117:Curing Lights, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D003738:Dental Cements; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D014867:Water; D006171:Gutta-Percha; C020243:calcium phosphate; C031293:calcium silicate