title: Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analyses of the Effects of Dietary Platycodon grandiflorum on Liver and Serum of Obese Mice under a High-Fat Diet.
abstract: We aimed to identify metabolites involved in the anti-obesity effects ofPlatycodon grandiflorum(PG) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice using mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomic techniques. C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: normal diet (ND)-fed mice, HFD-fed mice, HFD with 1% PG extract-fed mice (HPGL), and HFD with 5% PG extract-fed mice (HPGH). After 8 weeks, the HFD group gained more weight than the ND group, while dietary 5% PG extract attenuated this change. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plots showed a clear distinction between experimental groups in serum and liver markers. We also identified 10 and 32 metabolites in the serum and liver, respectively, as potential biomarkers that could explain the effect of high-dose PG added to HFD-fed mice, which were strongly involved in amino acid metabolism (glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, glutamate, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, and tyrosine), TCA cycle (fumarate and succinate), lipid metabolism (linoleic and oleic acid methyl esters, oleamide, and cholesterol), purine/pyrimidine metabolism (uracil and hypoxanthine), carbohydrate metabolism (maltose), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylethanolamines). We suggest that further studies on these metabolites could help us gain a better understanding of both HFD-induced obesity and the effects of PG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea. ramgee@naver.com.
authors.forename: Hye Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. pkt0531@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Kab-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea. edpark@kbsi.re.kr.|Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea. edpark@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Edmond Changkyun
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 34133, Korea. ksi@kbsi.re.kr.|Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea. ksi@kbsi.re.kr.
authors.forename: Seung Ii
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. mschoi@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Myung Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea. dstlkh@knu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyeon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea. chlee123@konkuk.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Choong Hwan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D059305:Diet, High-Fat; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055432:Metabolomics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D002784:Cholesterol; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
keywords: Platycodon grandiflorum; amino acids; glycerophospholipids; high-fat diet; metabolite profiling; obesity