title: Anti-Fatigue Effects of the Unique Polysaccharide Marker of Dendrobium officinale on BALB/c Mice.
abstract: Dendrobium officinaleextract shows potent anti-fatigue effects; however, the active substance responsible for these effects remains undetermined. A glucomannan with a huge molecular size of 730 kDa, called DOP, was identified as the unique authentication marker of this expensive herb. DOP exhibited immunomodulating effects on macrophages and lymphocytes in our previous study. Clinical reports also showed that people with fatigue syndrome have a disturbed immune system. Because DOP is the unique and dominant component ofD. officinale, we hypothesize that DOP may also have anti-fatigue activity. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of DOP on BALB/c mice, withRhodiola roseaextract as a positive control. DOP andRhodiola roseaextract were orally administered at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, respectively, for four weeks, and the anti-fatigue activity of DOP on BALB/c mice was evaluated using the weight-loaded swimming test. The contents of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CK), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), lactic acid (LD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum, glycogen of liver and gastrocnemius muscle were also determined. Their effects on variability of T cells and B cells were determined by using tetrazolium compound (MTS) method. The weight-loaded swimming exercise caused fatigue syndrome, mainly including the decreases of serum SOD/GSH-Px and gastrocnemius glycogen, as well as the increases of LDH, BUN, MDA, CK, TG, and LD in serum. All of these indicators of fatigue were inhibited to a certain extent by both DOP andRhodiola roseaextract; however, the effects of DOP were much stronger than those ofRhodiola roseaextract. Compared to the positive control, mice dosed with DOP showed increases in endurance, body weight, and food intake. Furthermore, DOP-feeding mice significantly increased the cell variability of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, compared with that of mice in control group. This study indicates that the unique and dominant polysaccharide DOP ofD. officinalehas stronger anti-fatigue activity thanRhodiola roseaextract. As such, DOP has promising potential for pharmaceutical development into health products to reduce fatigue.
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. xyzdf23@163.com.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. lizhipeng0903@163.com.
authors.forename: Zhi-Peng
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. Oliver9023@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. 15485862@life.hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Hau-Yee
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. 15485021@life.hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Tin-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. 16483634@life.hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. edmondma@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Dik-Lung
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China. duncanleung@umac.mo.
authors.forename: Chung-Hang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.affiliation: School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. simonhan@hkbu.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Quan-Bin
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D031667:Dendrobium / Q000737:chemistry*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005221:Fatigue / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029771:Rhodiola / Q000737:chemistry; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D013550:Swimming; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014280:Triglycerides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003402:Creatine Kinase
keywords: DOP; Dendrobium officinale; anti-fatigue activity; authentication marker; polysaccharide