title: The role of sex steroid hormones in benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) remains a mystery to scientists; estrogen/androgen imbalance in aged men has been implicated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty (30) apparently healthy men and newly diagnosed BPH patients were recruited from the Ghana Police Hospital. Lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) and prostate volume were assessed via the prostate symptom score sheet (IPSS) and abdominopelvic scan, respectively. Laboratory assays for total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and hormones [androstenedione (AED), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstanedioladiol (3α-adiol), androstanediol (3β-diol), estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2)] were performed via ELISA techniques. Non-parametric analyses were employed. p < 0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AED was significantly higher in controls compared to the BPH patients. AKRIC2 (3α-diol/DHT) was significantly higher in the BPH group (p < 0.001) whiles AKRIC1 (3β-diol/DHT) was significantly lower. Estradiol was significantly higher in BPH (p= 0.029). Age correlated negatively with T, while a negative correlation was observed between TIPSS and 3β-diol and AKRIC1. Also, prostate volume correlated negatively with fT.tPSA correlated positively with E2 and aromatase activity (E2/T) and negatively with fT. On multiple linear regression, DHT and 3β-diol remained independent predictors for TIPSS and fT for tPSA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogens and androstanediols seem to play a role in BPH development.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: Bernice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asiedu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anang
authors.affiliation: b Department of Molecular Medicine , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Adraina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyarko
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: Derek Amartey
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Doku
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: Brodrick Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Amoah
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santa
authors.affiliation: b Department of Molecular Medicine , Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology , Kumasi , Ghana.
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ngala
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences , University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences , Korle Bu , Accra , Ghana and.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Asare
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004967:Estrogens; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen
keywords: Prostate; androgens; estrogen