title: Galectin-1 expression is associated with tumour immunity and prognosis in gingival squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Galectin-1 (Gal-1) is a β-galactoside-binding protein that overexpresses in cancer and plays pivotal roles in tumour progression. Gal-1 regulates angiogenesis and invasiveness, and suppresses tumour immunity by inducing T cell apoptosis. Several studies have examined the relationship between Gal-1 and tumour immunosuppression in vivo, but they have not examined the clinicopathological relationship between Gal-1 expression and apoptotic T cell number in human tissue. In this study, we investigated the association between Gal-1 expression and apoptotic T cells of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC), as well as other clinicopathological factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical investigation of 80 GSCC specimens using anti-Gal-1, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD34, antipodoplanin and anticleaved caspase-3 (CC-3) antibodies was performed. Relative expression levels of CD3 and CC-3, as well as CD8 and CC-3 were assessed simultaneously by double immunostaining. Gal-1 expression and T cell apoptosis were evaluated in 6 high-power fields (3 in the tumour and 3 in the stroma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gal-1 expression in GSCC was significantly correlated with T cell infiltration (p=0.036), and apoptosis of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells (p<0.001). Moreover, Gal-1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.021), histological differentiation (p<0.001) and overall survival rate (p=0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that Gal-1 plays an important role in immune escape of GSCC cells, and Gal-1 expression level may be a useful clinicopathological prognostic marker for GSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishino
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyosawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D037483:Galectin 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D019139:Tumor Escape
chemical_list: D037483:Galectin 1
keywords: CARCINOMA; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; ORAL PATHOLOGY