title: Effects of Soy Product Intake and Interleukin Genetic Polymorphisms on Early Gastric Cancer Risk in Korea: A Case-Control Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study investigated whether the combined effects of soy intake and genetic polymorphisms of interleukin (IL) genes modify gastric cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 377 cases and 754 controls of Korean origin were included in the analysis. Soy consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Seven variants of IL10 (rs1800871), IL2 (rs2069763 and rs2069762), IL13 (rs6596090 and rs20541), and IL4R (rs7205663 and rs1805010) were genetically analyzed. To analyze the combined effect of soy intake and genetic polymorphisms, a low-intake group and high-intake group of each type of soy were categorized based on the intake level of the control group. Interactions between soy products and these genetic variants were analyzed by a likelihood ratio test, in which a multiplicative interaction term was added to the logistic regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher intake of nonfermented soy products was associated with a reduced cancer risk (odds ratio [OR], 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43 to 0.90), and the reduced risk was only apparent in males (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.71). None of the IL genetic polymorphisms examined were independently associated with gastric cancer risk. Individuals with a minor allele of IL2 rs2069762 and a higher intake of nonfermented soy food had a decreased risk of gastric cancer (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.68) compared to those with a lower intake (pinteraction=0.039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the genetic characteristics of the studied individuals, the interaction between IL2 rs2069762 and nonfermented soy intake may modify the risk of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.|Complex Disease and Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoon
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeonghee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Il Ju
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Keun Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.affiliation: Complex Disease and Genome Epidemiology Branch, Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joohon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeongseon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D059647:Gene-Environment Interaction; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000235:genetics*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D062486:Public Health Surveillance; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D045730:Soy Foods; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins
keywords: Case-control studies; Gene-environment interaction; Genetic polymorphisms; Interleukins; Korea; Soy foods; Stomach neoplasms