title: Metabolic profiling identification of metabolites formed in Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) after diclofenac exposure.
abstract: Despite the growing concern on the presence of pharmaceutically active compounds in the environment, few studies have been conducted on their metabolism in marine organisms. In this study, a non-targeted strategy based on the generation of chemical profiles generated by liquid chromatography combined with high resolution mass spectrometry was used to highlight metabolite production by the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) after diclofenac exposure. This method allowed revealing the production of 13 metabolites in mussel tissues. Three of them were phase I metabolites, including 4'-hydroxy-diclofenac and 5-hydroxy-diclofenac. The remaining 10 were phase II metabolites, including sulfate and amino acids conjugates. Among all of the metabolites highlighted, 5 were reported for the first time in an aquatic organism exposed to diclofenac.
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Bénilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonnefille
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arpin-Pont
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fenet
authors.affiliation: UMR 5569 Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France. Electronic address: frederique.courant@umontpellier.fr.
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Courant
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D055432:Metabolomics; D049878:Mytilus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac
keywords: Aquatic organism; LC-HRMS; Metabolism; NSAID; Non-targeted strategy