title: Genital lichen sclerosus developing around 'ectopic' urethral orifices supports the role of occlusion and urine in its pathogenesis.
abstract: Several factors such as genetic susceptibility, autoimmunity, hormones, infections, local trauma, urine, and occlusion have been speculated to play a role in the pathogenesis of lichen sclerosus. We report two male patients with lichen sclerosus around 'ectopic' urethral openings and the opposing surfaces of the penile shaft and scrotum, providing further evidence in support of urine and occlusion as contributing factors in the development of lichen sclerosus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Vishal
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Somesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001706:Biopsy; D002990:Clobetasol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000473:pathology; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002990:Clobetasol
keywords: Lichen sclerosus; occlusion; urine