title: Berberine inhibits enterovirus 71 replication by downregulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and autophagy.
abstract: The MEK-ERK signaling pathway and autophagy play an important role for enterovirus71(EV71) replication. Inhibition of MEK-ERK signaling pathway and autophagy is shown to impair EV71 replication. Berberine (BBR), an isoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis vulgaris L., has been reported to have ability to regulate this signaling pathway and autophagy. Herein, we want to determine whether berberine can inhibit EV71 infection by downregulating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway and autophagy.
  
  
  
  The antiviral effect of berberine was determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, western blotting assay and qRT-PCR assay. The mechanism of BBR anti-virus was determined by western blotting assay and immunofluorescence assay.
  
  
  
  We showed that berberine does-dependently reduced EV71 RNA and protein synthesis, which was, at least in part, the result of inhibition of activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that berberine suppressed the EV71-induced autophagy by activating AKT protein and inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK and PI3KIII.
  
  
  
  BBR inhibited EV71 replication by downregulating autophagy and MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that BBR may be a potential agent or supplement against EV71 infection.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Huiqiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Linlin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.|Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. yuhuanlibj@126.com.
authors.forename: Yuhuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects*; D001599:Berberine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D029821:Enterovirus A, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001599:Berberine
keywords: Antiviral activity; Autophagy; Berberine; Enterovirus 71 (EV71); MEK/ERK signaling pathway