title: Polysaccharide fromSepia esculentaink and cisplatin inhibit synergistically proliferation and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper aims to investigate synergistic inhibition of polysaccharide fromSepia esculentaink (SIP), a newly isolated marine polysaccharide in our laboratory, on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability of MDA-MB-231 cells was determined by CCK 8 assay. Median-effect concentration was analyzed using Chou-Talalay method that was also subjected to determine cell inhibition ratio and combined index, as well as interaction between SIP and cisplatin. Proliferation and migration abilities were detected with plate colony formation assay and cell wound scratch assay, respectively. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins was measured with Western blot assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data showed that SIP not only suppressed proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, also promoted inhibition of cisplatin on proliferation, migration and MMPs expression of MDA-MB-231 cells, which indicates synergy inhibition of drug combination of SIP and cisplatin on breast cancer cells. The median-effect concentrations of cisplatin and SIP were 4.9 and 1659.6 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas the concentration of combination drug was 158.5 μg/ml. The data indicated that drug combination can decrease dosages of the two single agents, especially the usual dosage of cisplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This research demonstrated that SIP repressed proliferation and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells and promoted anticancer effect of cisplatin on the breast cancer cells. The data suggested that SIP is a potential natural drug that can be used as an auxiliary medicine alongside chemotherapy in treating breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Hua-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China; College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Science & Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
authors.forename: Yi-Peng
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Experimental Center for Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors.forename: Ye-Xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science & Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Da-Yan
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biochemisty Center, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China.
authors.forename: Jiang-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shang
keywords: Chou-Talalay method; Cisplatin; MDA-MB-231 cells; Sepia esculenta ink