title: Nutritional Considerations for Healthy Aging and Reduction in Age-Related Chronic Disease.
abstract: A projected doubling in the global population of people aged ≥60 y by the year 2050 has major health and economic implications, especially in developing regions. Burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification, including diet. However, as adults age they become at risk of "nutritional frailty," which can compromise their ability to meet nutritional requirements at a time when specific nutrient needs may be high. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging and in improving the prognosis in cases of age-related diseases. It serves to identify key knowledge gaps and implementation challenges to support adequate nutrition for healthy aging, including applicability of metrics used in body-composition and diet adequacy for older adults and mechanisms to reduce nutritional frailty and to promote diet resilience. This review also discusses management recommendations for several leading chronic conditions common in aging populations, including cognitive decline and dementia, sarcopenia, and compromised immunity to infectious disease. The role of health systems in incorporating nutrition care routinely for those aged ≥60 y and living independently and current actions to address nutritional status before hospitalization and the development of disease are discussed.
authors.affiliation: The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science at the New York Academy of Sciences, New York, NY; jshlisky@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shlisky
authors.affiliation: Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bloom
authors.affiliation: World Food Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Beaudreault
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA.
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.affiliation: Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Heather H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.|Department of Geriatrics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.|Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Freund-Levi
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory and.
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Fielding
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; and.
authors.forename: Feon W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington VT.
authors.forename: Gordon L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Dayong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Simin N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Meydani
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy; D004032:Diet; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D055948:Sarcopenia / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000517:prevention & control
keywords: age-related disease; aging; chronic disease; cognitive decline; health care; nutrition; risk factors; sarcopenia