title: Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of phthalates preconcentrated by microextraction based on an ionic liquid.
abstract: A new procedure is proposed for the analysis of migration test solutions obtained from plastic bottles used in the packaging of edible oils. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction with ionic liquids was applied for the preconcentration of six phthalate esters: dimethylphthalate, diethylphthalate, di-n-butylphthalate, n-butylbenzylphthalate, di-2-ethylhexylphthalate, and di-n-octylphthalate. The enriched ionic liquid was directly analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry using direct insert microvial thermal desorption. The different factors affecting the microextraction efficiency, such as volume of the extracting phase (30 μL of the ionic liquid) and ultrasound application time (25 s), and the thermal desorption step, such as desorption temperature and time, and gas flow rate, were studied. Under the selected conditions, detection limits for the analytes were in the 0.012-0.18 μg/L range, while recovery assays provided values ranging from 80 to 112%. The use of butyl benzoate as internal standard increased the reproducibility of the analytical procedure. When the release of the six phthalate esters from the tested plastic bottles to liquid simulants was monitored using the optimized procedure, analyte concentrations of between 1.0 and 273 μg/L were detected.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Ignacio
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cacho
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viñas
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum," University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández-Córdoba
keywords: gas chromatography with mass spectrometry; ionic liquids; liquid-liquid microextraction; phthalate esters; thermal desorption