title: Ultrasmooth Perovskite Film via Mixed Anti-Solvent Strategy with Improved Efficiency.
abstract: Most antisolvents employed in previous research were miscible with perovskite precursor solution. They always led to fast formation of perovskite even if the intermediate stage existed, which was not beneficial to obtain high quality perovskite films and made the formation process less controllable. In this work, a novel ethyl ether/n-hexane mixed antisolvent (MAS) was used to achieve high nucleation density and slow down the formation process of perovskite, producing films with improved orientation of grains and ultrasmooth surfaces. These high quality films exhibited efficient charge transport at the interface of perovskite/hole transport material and perovskite solar cells based on these films showed greatly improved performance with the best power conversion efficiency of 17.08%. This work also proposed a selection principle of MAS and showed that solvent engineering by designing the mixed antisolvent system can lead to the fabrication of high-performance perovskite solar cells.
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Songwang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6304-5941
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Qipeng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.|University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.|School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University , Shanghai 201209, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 588 Heshuo Road, Shanghai 201899, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
keywords: mixed antisolvent; nucleation density; perovskite solar cell; transformation process; ultrasmooth film