title: Depression of home cage wheel running: a reliable and clinically relevant method to assess migraine pain in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of new anti-migraine treatments is limited by the difficulty inassessing migraine pain in laboratory animals. Depression of activity is one of the few diagnostic criteria formigraine that can be mimicked in rats. The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis thatdepression of home cage wheel running is a reliable and clinically relevant method to assess migraine painin rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult female rats were implanted with a cannula to inject allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) onto the dura to induce migraine pain, as has been shown before. Rats recovered from implantation surgery for 8 days in cages containing a running wheel. Home cage wheel running was recorded 23 h a day. AITC and the migraine medication sumatriptan were administered in the hour prior to onset of the dark phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of AITC caused a concentration-dependent decrease in wheel running that lasted 3 h. The duration and magnitude of AITC-induced depression of wheel running was consistent following three repeated injections spaced 48 h apart. Administration of sumatriptan attenuated AITC-induced depressionof wheel running when a large dose (1 mg/kg) was administered immediately following AITC administration. Wheel running patterns did not change when sumatriptan was given to naïve rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that home cage wheel running is a sensitive, reliable, and clinically relevant method to assess migraine pain in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA. ram_kandasamy@wsu.edu.|Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA, 98686, USA. ram_kandasamy@wsu.edu.
authors.forename: Ram
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3254-2341
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandasamy
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.|Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018170:Sumatriptan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017879:Isothiocyanates; D058825:Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists; D018170:Sumatriptan; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate
keywords: Headache; Nociception; Pain-depressed behavior; TRPA1; Voluntary activity