title: Distortion of histone octamer core promotes nucleosome mobilization by a chromatin remodeler.
abstract: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes play essential biological roles by mobilizing nucleosomal DNA. Yet, how DNA is mobilized despite the steric constraints placed by the histone octamer remains unknown. Using methyl transverse relaxation-optimized nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on a 450-kilodalton complex, we show that the chromatin remodeler, SNF2h, distorts the histone octamer. Binding of SNF2h in an activated ATP state changes the dynamics of buried histone residues. Preventing octamer distortion by site-specific disulfide linkages inhibits nucleosome sliding by SNF2h while promoting octamer eviction by the SWI-SNF complex, RSC. Our findings indicate that the histone core of a nucleosome is more plastic than previously imagined and that octamer deformation plays different roles based on the type of chromatin remodeler. Octamer plasticity may contribute to chromatin regulation beyond ATP-dependent remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
authors.forename: Kalyan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. jdgross@cgl.ucsf.edu geeta.narlikar@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA. jdgross@cgl.ucsf.edu geeta.narlikar@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: Geeta J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Narlikar
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D055503:Protein Multimerization; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; C103337:RSC complex, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C087189:2-fluoro-ADP; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases