title: Testing a Model of Sodium Reduction in Hypertensive Older Thai Adults.
abstract: Hypertensive older adults will benefit if there is a clear understanding of the factors related to sodium reduction. That would raise awareness of the causes, consequently reducing many health risks, lowering health care costs, and diminishing economic and social burden from high blood pressure. This study explored predictors of urinary sodium excretion. A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in 312 hypertensive older Thai adults. Questionnaires related to knowledge, self-care agency, self-care behavior of sodium reduction, and 24-hour urinary sodium analyses were used, followed by the application of structural equation modeling and the Analysis of Moment Structures program. Self-care agency, knowledge, self-care behavior, rural/urban location, and education accounted for 61% of urinary sodium excretion. Self-care agency, knowledge, and self-care behavior were the main predictors in the urinary sodium excretion model. This study suggests establishing supportive educative sodium reduction-related programs that improve knowledge and enhance self-care agency, as well as a comparison of the changes of sodium reduction self-care behavior and urinary sodium excretion over time after the intervention.
authors.affiliation: a Boromarajonani College of Nursing , Phayao , Thailand.
authors.forename: Pratsani
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Srikan
authors.affiliation: b College of Nursing , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA.
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Callen
authors.affiliation: b College of Nursing , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.affiliation: c College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , North Carolina , USA.
authors.forename: Abbas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakoli
authors.affiliation: d College of Education , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA.
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brockett
authors.affiliation: e Ramathibodi School of Nursing , Rajthevi , Thailand.
authors.forename: Somchit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanucharurnkul
authors.affiliation: b College of Nursing , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee , USA.
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beebe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012424:Rural Population; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000652:urine*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013785:Thailand; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary
keywords: Hypertension; Orem’s Self-Care Theory; older adults; salt reduction; structural equation modeling; urinary sodium