title: A systematic review of the analgesic efficacy of cannabinoid medications in the management of acute pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cannabinergic medications have been postulated to demonstrate efficacy in the management of pain. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of cannabinoids when used for the management of acute pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was performed by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for human randomized controlled trials that assessed the analgesic efficacy of cannabinoids compared to placebo or active comparators. The reported outcomes for analgesic efficacy and adverse effects in included studies were qualitatively analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies, including 611 patients were included in the systematic review. In five studies, cannabinoids were found to provide equivalent analgesia to placebo, in one study the analgesia provided by cannabinoids was superior to placebo, and in one study cannabinoids provided analgesia that was inferior to that provided by placebo. No synergistic or additive analgesic effect was observed when cannabinoids were used in combination with opioids. In five of the seven studies, certain adverse effects were more frequent with cannabinoid treatment than with placebo or active comparator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of the available randomized controlled trial evidence, cannabinoids have no role in the management of acute pain.
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.affiliation: Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D059787:Acute Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015982:Bias; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D002186:Cannabinoids