title: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells: Lessons Learned from Targeting of CD19 in B-Cell Malignancies.
abstract: Adoptive immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR)-T cells is a rapidly growing therapeutic approach to treating patients with refractory cancer, with over 100 clinical trials in various malignancies in progress. The enthusiasm for CAR-T cells has been driven by the clinical success of CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the promising data in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Despite the success of targeting CD19 with CAR-T cells in early clinical studies, many challenges remain to improve outcomes, reduce toxicity, and determine the appropriate settings for CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Reviewing the lessons learned thus far in CD19 CAR-T cell trials and how some of these challenges may be overcome will help guide the development of CAR-T cell therapy for malignancies of B-cell origin, as well as for other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. khay@fredhutch.org.|Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. khay@fredhutch.org.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hay
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave., Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.|Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Cameron J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Turtle
mesh_terms: D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015452:Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018941:Antigens, CD19; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell