title: 25-hydroxyvitamin D correlates with inflammatory markers in cord blood of healthy newborns.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator and may play a role in the development of the fetal innate immune functions. The aim of our study was to evaluate inflammatory markers in cord blood of healthy newborns in relation to vitamin D status at birth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the concentrations of inflammatory markers, matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in cord blood of 939 healthy term infants born to mothers of Caucasian origin. We evaluated perinatal factors that affect the concentrations of MMP-8 and hs-CRP, and further explored associations between cord blood 25(OH)D and these inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Majority (99%) of the cohort was vitamin D sufficient (>50 nmol/l or 20 ng/ml). We observed a positive correlation between cord blood 25(OH)D and MMP-8 concentrations, and between 25(OH)D and hs-CRP concentrations. After adjustment for potential confounders (parity, antenatal antibiotic treatment, gestational age, mode of delivery, and maternal prepregnancy BMI), the association of 25(OH)D with MMP-8 and hs-CRP remained significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cord blood 25(OH)D correlates with inflammatory markers MMP-8 and hs-CRP. The findings may reflect the diverse immunomodulatory functions of vitamin D in the innate immune response of the newborn.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosendahl
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmlund-Suila
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Helve
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Heli
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viljakainen
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hauta-Alus
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Saara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valkama
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enlund-Cerullo
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hytinantti
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Taina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tervahartiala
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sorsa
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.|Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mäkitie
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; C488762:MMP8 protein, human; D020784:Matrix Metalloproteinase 8