title: Comparative Results in Treatment of Keloids With Intralesional 5-FU/Kenalog, 5-FU/Verapamil, Enalapril Alone,Verapamil Alone, and Laser: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenesis of keloids involves a hyperproliferative state due to molecular abnormalities, cellular driving pathways, such as TGF, VEGF, and the inactivation of proapoptotic genes. We reviewed the literature and compared various treatment combina- tions in the treatment of keloids in a one patient observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment modalities consisted of: intralesional 5- uorouracil (5-FU)/triamcinolone (TMC), 5-FU/verapamil, enal- april alone, verapamil alone, and fractional carbon dioxide laser. Size, height, and softness of the keloid, pain, itching, and pain were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  5-FU based treatments proved to be more ef cacious than the other modalities. 5-FU + TMC demonstrated the largest reduc- tion in keloid height and rmness. The greatest degree of scar softening and average size reduction was achieved with 5-FU/ TMC (80% and 70% reduction, respectively), followed by 5-FU/verapamil (50% and 33% reduction, respectively). The same combinations led to the greatest reduction in scar height (70% and 33%, respectively). All treatments led to resolution of pain and itching in the keloid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The favorable effects of the 5-FU + verapamil combination are new and deserve further exploration. <em>J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(11):1442-1447.</em>.
authors.forename: Doru
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Alexandrescu
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabi
authors.forename: Lindsey C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: Mitchel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004656:Enalapril / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007627:Keloid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004656:Enalapril; D014700:Verapamil; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D005472:Fluorouracil