title: The Important Role of Lipid Raft-Mediated Attachment in the Infection of Cultured Cells by Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Beaudette Strain.
abstract: Lipid raft is an important element for the cellular entry of some viruses, including coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). However, the exact role of lipid rafts in the cellular membrane during the entry of IBV into host cells is still unknown. In this study, we biochemically fractionated IBV-infected cells via sucrose density gradient centrifugation after depleting plasma membrane cholesterol with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or Mevastatin. Our results demonstrated that unlike IBV non-structural proteins, IBV structural proteins co-localized with lipid raft marker caveolin-1. Infectivity assay results of Vero cells illustrated that the drug-induced disruption of lipid rafts significantly suppressed IBV infection. Further studies revealed that lipid rafts were not required for IBV genome replication or virion release at later stages. However, the drug-mediated depletion of lipid rafts in Vero cells before IBV attachment significantly reduced the expression of viral structural proteins, suggesting that drug treatment impaired the attachment of IBV to the cell surface. Our results indicated that lipid rafts serve as attachment factors during the early stages of IBV infection, especially during the attachment stage.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.
authors.forename: Huichen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.|School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yanquan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lejiao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.|College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Lingjun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yong Wah
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yanxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.|School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Dingxiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xujiaping, Lanzhou, Gansu, The P.R. China.
authors.forename: Shiqi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000818:Animals; D051242:Caveolin 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D051242:Caveolin 1; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D047392:beta-Cyclodextrins; C108732:methyl-beta-cyclodextrin; D002784:Cholesterol