title: Non-invasive Photodynamic Therapy in Brain Cancer by Use of Tb3+-Doped LaF3Nanoparticles in Combination with Photosensitizer Through X-ray Irradiation: A Proof-of-Concept Study.
abstract: The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of brain cancer has produced exciting results in clinical trials over the past decade. PDT is based on the concept that a photosensitizer exposed to a specific light wavelength produces the predominant cytotoxic agent, to destroy tumor cells. However, delivering an efficient light source to the brain tumor site is still a challenge. The light source should be delivered by placing external optical fibers into the brain at the time of surgical debulking of the tumor. Consequently, there exists the need for a minimally invasive treatment for brain cancer PDT. In this study, we investigated an attractive non-invasive option on glioma cell line by using Tb3+-doped LaF3scintillating nanoparticles (LaF3:Tb) in combination with photosensitizer, meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (MTCP), followed by activation with soft X-ray (80 kVp). Scintillating LaF3:Tb nanoparticles, with sizes of approximately 25 nm, were fabricated. The particles have a good dispersibility in aqueous solution and possess high biocompatibility. However, significant cytotoxicity was observed in the glioma cells while the LaF3:Tb nanoparticles with MTCP were exposed under X-ray irradiation. The study has demonstrated a proof of concept as a non-invasive way to treat brain cancer in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.|Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050047, Japan.
authors.forename: Min-Hua
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0513-1301
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Jhen
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jenh
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sheng-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yo-Shen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050047, Japan. hanagata.nobutaka@nims.go.jp.|Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 0600808, Japan. hanagata.nobutaka@nims.go.jp.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanagata
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan. double@ntu.edu.tw.|Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County, 35053, Taiwan. double@ntu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Feng-Huei
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Lin
keywords: Brain cancer; LaF3:Tb; Non-invasive; Photodynamic therapy; X-ray