title: Neural correlates of the popular music phenomenon: evidence from functional MRI and PET imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Music can induce different emotions. However, its neural mechanism remains unknown. The aim of this study was to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and position emission tomography (PET) imaging for mapping of neural changes under the most popular music in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI and monoamine receptor PET imaging with11C-N-methylspiperone (11C-NMSP) were conducted under the popular music Gangnam Style and light music A Comme Amour in healthy subjects. PET and fMRI images were analyzed by using the Statistical Parametric Mapping software (SPM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased fMRI BOLD signals were found in the bilateral superior temporal cortices, left cerebellum, left putamen and right thalamus cortex. Monoamine receptor availability was increased significantly in the left superior temporal gyrus and left putamen, but decreased in the bilateral superior occipital cortices under the Gangnam Style compared with the light music condition. Significant positive correlation was found between11C-NMSP binding and fMRI BOLD signals in the left temporal cortex. Furthermore, increased11C-NMSP binding in the left putamen was positively correlated with the mood arousal level score under the Gangnam Style condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Popular music Gangnam Style can arouse pleasure experience and strong emotional response. The left putamen is positively correlated with the mood arousal level score under the Gangnam Style condition. Our results revealed characteristic patterns of brain activity associated with Gangnam Style, and may also provide more general insights into the music-induced emotional processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.|Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Qiaozhen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Haifeng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Fenglei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Yehua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Fangfang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: June-Key
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang University Medical PET Center, Hangzhou, China. meitian@zju.edu.cn.|Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. meitian@zju.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China. meitian@zju.edu.cn.|Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China. meitian@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004644:Emotions; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D064847:Multimodal Imaging; D009146:Music; D013134:Spiperone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D013134:Spiperone; C039167:3-N-methylspiperone
keywords: Brain function; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Monoamine receptor; Position emission tomography (PET)