title: Perceptual Space of Superimposed Dual-Frequency Vibrations in the Hands.
abstract: The use of distinguishable complex vibrations that have multiple spectral components can improve the transfer of information by vibrotactile interfaces. We investigated the qualitative characteristics of dual-frequency vibrations as the simplest complex vibrations compared to single-frequency vibrations. Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to elucidate the perceptual characteristics of these vibrations by measuring the perceptual distances among single-frequency and dual-frequency vibrations. The perceptual distances of dual-frequency vibrations between their two frequency components along their relative intensity ratio were measured in Experiment I. The estimated perceptual spaces for three frequency conditions showed non-linear perceptual differences between the dual-frequency and single-frequency vibrations. A perceptual space was estimated from the measured perceptual distances among ten dual-frequency compositions and five single-frequency vibrations in Experiment II. The effect of the component frequency and the frequency ratio was revealed in the perceptual space. In a percept of dual-frequency vibration, the lower frequency component showed a dominant effect. Additionally, the perceptual difference among single-frequency and dual-frequency vibrations were increased with a low relative difference between two frequencies of a dual-frequency vibration. These results are expected to provide a fundamental understanding about the perception of complex vibrations to enrich the transfer of information using vibrotactile stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Realistic Broadcasting Media Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Inwook
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-7575
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.affiliation: Realistic Broadcasting Media Research Department, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeongil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Haptics and Virtual Reality Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyungsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seungmoon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013028:Space Perception; D055698:Touch Perception; D014732:Vibration