title: Development of a SERS Probe for Selective Detection of Healthy Prostate and Malignant Prostate Cancer Cells Using ZnII.
abstract: Even in the 21st century, prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death for men. Since a normal prostate gland has a high ZnIIcontent and there are huge differences in ZnIIcontent between healthy and malignant prostate cancer cells, mobile zinc can be used as a biomarker for prostate cancer prediction. A highly efficient surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probe using a p-(imidazole)azo)benzenethiol attached gold nanoparticle as a Raman reporter, which has the capability to identify prostate cancer cells based on ZnIIsensing, has been designed. A facile synthesis, characterization and evaluation of a ZnIIsensing Raman probe are described. Reported data indicate that after binding with ZnII, Raman reporter attached to a gold nanoparticle forms an assembly structure, which allows selective detection of ZnIIeven at 100 ppt concentration. Theoretical full-wave finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations have been used to understand the enhancement of the SERS signal. The SERS probe is highly promising for in vivo sensing of cancer, where near-IR light can be easily used to avoid tissue autofluorescence and to enhance tissue penetration depth. Reported data show that the SERS probe can distinguish metastatic cancer cells from normal prostate cells very easily with a sensitivity as low as 5 cancer cells mL-1. The probe can be used as a chemical toolkit for determining mobile ZnIIconcentrations in biological samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Avijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pramanik
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Suhash Reddy
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Chavva
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Bhanu Priya
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Viraka Nellore
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Kelli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: May
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Tejus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matthew
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Aruna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vangara
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, 39217, USA.
authors.forename: Paresh Chandra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5398-9930
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry; D015335:Molecular Probes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010316:Particle Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015335:Molecular Probes; D006046:Gold; D015032:Zinc
keywords: FDTD modeling; Raman spectroscopy; biosensors; cancer; zinc