title: Mucosal Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Key Component of the Allergic Response to Aeroallergens.
abstract: Newly characterized type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) display potent type 2 effector functionality; however, their contribution to allergic airways inflammation and asthma is poorly understood. Mucosal biopsy used to characterize the airway mucosa is invasive, poorly tolerated, and does not allow for sequential sampling.
  
  
  
  To assess the role of ILC2s during nasal allergen challenge in subjects with allergic rhinitis using novel noninvasive methodology.
  
  
  
  We used a human experimental allergen challenge model, with flow cytometric analysis of nasal curettage samples, to assess the recruitment of ILC2s and granulocytes to the upper airways of subjects with atopy and healthy subjects after allergen provocation. Soluble mediators in the nasal lining fluid were measured using nasosorption.
  
  
  
  After an allergen challenge, subjects with atopy displayed rapid induction of upper airway symptoms, an enrichment of ILC2s, eosinophils, and neutrophils, along with increased production of IL-5, prostaglandin D2, and eosinophil and T-helper type 2 cell chemokines compared with healthy subjects. The most pronounced ILC2 recruitment was observed in subjects with elevated serum IgE and airway eosinophilia.
  
  
  
  The rapid recruitment of ILC2s to the upper airways of allergic patients with rhinitis, and their association with key type 2 mediators, highlights their likely important role in the early allergic response to aeroallergens in the airways. The novel methodology described herein enables the analysis of rare cell populations from noninvasive serial tissue sampling.
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dhariwal
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Aoife
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Maria-Belen
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Trujillo-Torralbo
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ajerico
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Rosario
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eteri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakhsoliani
authors.affiliation: 3 St. Mary's Flow Cytometry Core Facility, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Malte
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.|4 Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and.
authors.forename: Batika M J
authors.initials: BMJ
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.affiliation: 2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.|5 Department of Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; and.|6 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, Leicester Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Trevor T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hansel
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Sebastian L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.affiliation: 1 Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.|2 Medical Research Council Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ross P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Walton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens
keywords: ILC2; Th2; allergic airway inflammation; asthma