title: HIV rapid testing in the framework of an STI prevention project on a cohort of vulnerable Italians and immigrants.
abstract: Uptake of HIV tests is a challenging issue in vulnerable populations including immigrants, normally using standard diagnostic tools. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the acceptability of HIV rapid test; estimate the percentage of newly HIV diagnoses and evaluate knowledge, attitudes and perception (KAP) about HIV/AIDS and other STIs in a specific set of immigrants and vulnerable population in Rome (Italy).
  
  
  
  All immigrant and Italian people, aged 16-70 years, attending the infectious disease outpatient clinic of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) in Rome (Italy), during the period December 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled. HIV rapid testing was provided for free and patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire evaluating KAP about HIV/STIs. All patients with risky sexual behaviours or with a recent diagnosis of STIs were invited to come back after 3-6 months and a post-counselling questionnaire was offered.
  
  
  
  Out of the total sample, 99.2% (n = 825) accepted the "rapid test" and 10 new HIV diagnoses were found (1.22%; 95% CI 0.58%-2.22%). Three hundred and eighty-five participants (47%) answered the entry questionnaire and 58 (15%) completed the follow-up. Overall, we found high knowledge about HIV/AIDS; however, lower educational level and immigrant status were associated with poor knowledge about HIV, other STIs and prevention methods. Immigrants have lower perception of sexual risk and higher prejudice than Italians.
  
  
  
  Our study showed high acceptance of rapid test in this specific vulnerable population and this allowed to identify new HIV diagnoses in unaware people. Socioeconomic inequalities observed in the KAP questionnaire suggest the need for actions to support the reduction of cultural differences in knowledge of HIV/AIDS and for policies aimed at improving access to health services and preventions programmes of marginalized populations.
authors.affiliation: a INMP National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uccella
authors.affiliation: a INMP National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrelli
authors.affiliation: b Department of Infectious Diseases , Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Fenicia
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Vescio
authors.affiliation: a INMP National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Carolis
authors.affiliation: a INMP National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fazioli
authors.affiliation: b Department of Infectious Diseases , Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pezzotti
authors.affiliation: b Department of Infectious Diseases , Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Institute of Health , Rome , Italy.
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rezza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003376:Counseling; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012306:Risk; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: HIV; counselling; immigrants; prevention; questionnaire; rapid test; socioeconomic