title: Percutaneous management of bile duct stones in children: results of 12 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous transhepatic removal of bile duct stones in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 12 pediatric patients (4 males, 8 females; age range, 1-16 years; mean age, 6.6 years) who underwent percutaneous transhepatic removal of bile duct stones between September 2007 and December 2015. Demographic data, patient symptoms, indications for interventions, technical and clinical outcomes of the procedure, and complications were retrospectively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 12 children, five children with cholelithiasis underwent cholecystectomy subsequently. The overall technical and clinical success rate was 100%. One patient had cholangitis as a complication during the follow-up and was treated medically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous transhepatic removal of bile duct stones is a safe and effective method for the treatment of children with biliary stone disease. It is a feasible alternative when the endoscopic procedure is unavailable or fails.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erciyes University School of Medicine, Gevher Nesibe Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey. guvenkahriman@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Nevzat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Özcan
authors.forename: Güven
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahrıman
authors.forename: Süreyya Burcu
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Görkem
authors.forename: Duran
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arslan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002758:Cholangiography; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome