title: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet, Cognitive Function, and Cognitive Decline in American Older Women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between long-term adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet with cognitive function and decline in older American women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nurses' Health Study, a cohort of registered nurses residing in 11 US states.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16,144 women from the Nurses' Health Study, aged ≥70 years, who underwent cognitive testing a total of 4 times by telephone from 1995 to 2001 (baseline), with multiple dietary assessments between 1984 and the first cognitive examination. DASH adherence for each individual was based on scoring of intakes of 9 nutrient or food components.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term DASH adherence was calculated as the average DASH adherence score from up to 5 repeated measures of diet. Primary outcomes were cognitive function calculated as the average scores of the 4 repeated measures, as well as cognitive change of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status score and composite scores of global cognition and verbal memory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater adherence to long-term DASH score was associated with better average cognitive function, irrespective of apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status [multivariable-adjusted differences in mean z-scores between extreme DASH quintiles = 0.04 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.01-0.07), P trend = .009 for global cognition; 0.04 (95% CI 0.01-0.07), P trend = .002 for verbal memory and 0.16 (95% CI 0.03-0.29), and P trend = .03 for Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status, P interaction >0.24]. These differences were equivalent to being 1 year younger in age. Adherence to the DASH score was not associated with change in cognitive function over 6 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings in the largest cohort on dietary patterns and cognitive function to date indicate that long-term adherence to the DASH diet is important to maintain cognitive function at older ages.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Electronic address: Agnes.Berendsen@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Agnes A M
authors.initials: AAM
authors.lastname: Berendsen
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jae H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ondine
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: van de Rest
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edith J M
authors.initials: EJM
authors.lastname: Feskens
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lisette C P G M
authors.initials: LCPGM
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.affiliation: Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grodstein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D060825:Cognitive Dysfunction / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000073601:Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States
keywords: Cognition; DASH diet; aging; cohort; epidemiology