title: Apportioning Blame: Autoreactive CD4+and CD8+T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.
abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most studied archetypal organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Although many clinical, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics have been described, there are still important issues which need to be resolved as these will have a major impact on the development of future antigen-specific immunotherapies. An important question relates to T lymphocytes in the development of the disease, in particular their role in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Since the discovery that certain class II histocompatibility complex molecules (HLA) are linked to the development of T1D, much research has focused on CD4+helper T lymphocytes; however, recent studies highlight class I HLA molecules as an independent risk factor; hence, research into the role played by CD8+cytotoxic T lymphocytes has gained momentum. In this review, we summarize recent studies clarifying the role played by both sets of autoreactive T lymphocytes in T1D, discuss the targets recognized by these cells and their phenotype in T1D patients. Finally, we will examine the possible generation of regulatory CD8+T lymphocytes upon different immuno-intervention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago, A Coruña, Spain. ruben.varela@usc.es.
authors.forename: Rubén
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-661X
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varela-Calvino
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calviño-Sampedro
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: Iria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez-Touriño
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: Oscar J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Cordero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Autoantigens; CD8; Regulatory T cells; T lymphocytes; Type 1 diabetes