title: Interventional radiology in the management of thoracic duct injuries: Anatomy, techniques and results.
abstract: Disruption of the thoracic duct can have devastating consequences and be associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Conservative therapies have been attempted to treat chylothorax without much success. Surgical management has traditionally been necessary to provide definitive treatment at the expense of increased morbidity. Lymphatic interventions have recently emerged as a new frontier for interventional radiologists to add value and provide minimally invasive therapies for debilitating conditions. The goal of this manuscript is to review the anatomy of the thoracic duct, describe various percutaneous techniques for accessing the duct, and briefly discuss outcomes as reported in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States. Electronic address: motoliyat@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toliyat
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States.
authors.forename: Kanwar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sibley
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States.
authors.forename: Murthy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chamarthy
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States.
authors.forename: Sanjeeva P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kalva
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323, Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9178, United States.
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Pillai
mesh_terms: D002916:Chylothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008220:Lymphography / Q000379:methods; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D013897:Thoracic Duct / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Chylothorax; Lymphangiography; Lymphatic intervention; Thoracic duct disruption; Thoracic duct embolization; Thoracic duct injury