title: Study of behavioural disorders in children with primary enuresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enuresis results in behavioural disorder in children. This study investigated the behavioural disorders in children possessing primary enuresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, 100 children with primary enuresis were referred to children's hospital Khorramabad; the census method was used in this study. Data were collected using a short screening instrument for enuresis psychological problems, the reliability and validity of which have been confirmed in previous studies. First, a questionnaire was used to assess academic failure, anxiety, behavioural disorders, sleep, and psychological disorders. Results obtained were compared in terms of gender and age. Statistical analyses using inferential and descriptive statistics including Chi-square and Fisher test were employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of children was 8.46 years. Sixty-six per cent of participants were male and the rest of them were female. Ninety per cent of subjects were between the age range of 1-9 years, and 10% were over 10 years old. Forty-three per cent of children suffered from anxiety disorders and 34% had sleep disorders, 4% also suffered from academic failure. Among behavioural disorders, hyperactivity and restlessness were the most common disorders, and they were significantly higher in nine boys. Headache, obsessive, and sleep disorders were more common in children above 10. There was a significant correlation between eating disorders, headache, sleep disorders, and strange movements in males, while feelings of sadness were more common in females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social personality development in children with enuresis can be improved by informing parents of enuresis.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran.
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohsenzadeh
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran.
authors.forename: Shokoufeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmadipour
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farhadi
authors.affiliation: c Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine , Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad , Iran.
authors.forename: Korosh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shahkarami
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004775:Enuresis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
keywords: Behaviour; children; disorder; enuresis; primary