title: Vaccine Candidates against Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: a Review
abstract: Nonencapsulated, nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) remains an important cause of acute otitis and respiratory diseases in children and adults. NTHi bacteria are one of the major causes of respiratory tract infections, including acute otitis media, cystic fibrosis, and community-acquired pneumonia among children, especially in developing countries. The bacteria can also cause chronic diseases such as chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the lower respiratory tract of adults. Such bacteria express several outer membrane proteins, some of which have been studied as candidates for vaccine development. Due to the lack of effective vaccines as well as the spread and prevalence of NTHi worldwide, there is an urgent need to design and develop effective vaccine candidates against these strains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Behrouzi
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.|Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzam
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.|Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rahimi-Jamnani
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.|Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.lastname: Afrough
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Reference Health Laboratories Research Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.lastname: Rahbar
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.lastname: Satarian
authors.affiliation: Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.|Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Davar
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Siadat
keywords: Vaccines; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Haemophilus influenzae