title: Scaffolds containing chitosan, gelatin and graphene oxide for bone tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Critical-sized bone defects are augmented with cell free and cell loaded constructs to bridge bone defects. Improving the properties of three-dimensional scaffolds with multiple polymers and others is of growing interest in recent decades. Chitosan (CS), a natural biopolymer has limitations for its use in bone regeneration, and its properties can be enhanced with other materials. In the present study, the composite scaffolds containing CS, gelatin (Gn) and graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated through freeze-drying. These scaffolds (GO/CS/Gn) were characterized by the SEM, Raman spectra, FT-IR, EDS, swelling, biodegradation, protein adsorption and biomineralization studies. The inclusion of GO in the CS/Gn scaffolds showed better physico-chemical properties. The GO/CS/Gn scaffolds were cyto-friendly to rat osteoprogenitor cells, and they promoted differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. The scaffolds also accelerated bridging of the rat tibial bone defect with increased collagen deposition in vivo. Hence, these results strongly suggested the potential nature of GO/CS/Gn scaffolds for their application in bone tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saravanan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Anjali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chawla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vairamani
authors.affiliation: Bioproducts Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, 600 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Sastry
authors.affiliation: Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: selvamurugan.n@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Selvamurugan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002470:Cell Survival; D048271:Chitosan / Q000737:chemistry; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D010087:Oxides; D051381:Rats; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D010087:Oxides; D006108:Graphite; D005780:Gelatin; D048271:Chitosan
keywords: Chitosan; Graphene oxide; Runx2