title: Recent advances in understanding neutrophils.
abstract: Neutrophils have long been regarded as key effectors of the innate immune response during acute inflammation. Recent evidence has revealed a greater functional diversity for these cells than previously appreciated, expanding roles for neutrophils in adaptive immunity and chronic pathologies. In this review, we summarize some of the evolving paradigms in the neutrophil field and highlight key advances that have contributed to our understanding of neutrophil behavior and functionin vivo. We examine the concept of neutrophil subsets and polarization, we discuss novel immunomodulatory roles for neutrophils in shaping the immune response, and, finally, we identify technical advances that will further enhance our ability to track the function and fate of neutrophils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Justin F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Deniset
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kubes
keywords: heterogeneity; immunomodulation; neutrophils