title: Spectrum of Xanthogranulomatous Processes in the Abdomen and Pelvis: A Pictorial Review of Infectious, Inflammatory, and Proliferative Responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Xanthogranulomatous (XG) processes are rare inflammatory conditions with the characteristic pathologic feature of lipid-laden macrophages or histiocyte cells. Imaging findings are nonspecific and can simulate aggressive neoplastic processes. XG processes can be caused by infection, inflammation, histolytic process, or an inherited lysosomal disorder. XG infectious processes are mainly seen in cholecystitis and pyelonephritis, but several other organs can also be involved. Histiocytic processes can be divided into Langerhans and non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis entities include Erdheim-Chester disease, Rosai-Dorfman disease, juvenile xanthogranuloma, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The inherited lysosomal disorders resulting in XG processes include Nieman-Pick, Gaucher, and other lysosomal storage disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiologists need to be able to recognize features of xanthogranulomatous processes to help facilitate patient management.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS.
authors.forename: Kelsey S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bourm
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Christine O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Menias
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Wichita, KS.
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ.
authors.forename: Kinan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alhalabi
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030.
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Elsayes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014973:Xanthomatosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Erdheim-Chester disease; Rosai-Dorfman disease; cholecystitis; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; infection; inflammation; juvenile xanthogranuloma; pyelonephritis; xanthogranulomatous process