title: Acute Effects of Different Exercise Protocols on the Circulating Vascular microRNAs -16, -21, and -126 in Trained Subjects.
abstract: Aim:mircoRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, are stably secreted into the blood and circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) may play an important role in cell-cell communication. Furthermore, c-miRNAs might serve as novel biomarkers of the current vascular cell status. Here, we examined how the levels of three vascular c-miRNAs (c-miR-16, c-miR-21, c-miR-126) are acutely affected by different exercise intensities and volumes.Methods:12 subjects performed 3 different endurance exercise protocols: 1. High-Volume Training (HVT; 130 min at 55% peak power output (PPO); 2. High-Intensity Training (HIT; 4 × 4 min at 95% PPO); 3. Sprint-Interval Training (SIT; 4 × 30 s all-out). c-miRNAs were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR with TaqMan probes at time points pre, 0', 30', 60', and 180' after each intervention. The expression of miR-126 and miR-21 was analyzedin vitro, in human coronary artery endothelial cells, human THP-1 monocytes, human platelets, human endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). To investigate the transfer of miRNAs via EMPs, VSMCs were incubated with EMPs.Results:HVT and SIT revealed large increases on c-miR-21 [1.9-fold by HVT (cohen'sd= 0.85); 1.5-fold by SIT (cohen'sd= 0.85)] and c-miR-126 [2.2-fold by SIT (cohen'sd= 1.06); 1.9-fold by HVT (cohen'sd= 0.85)] post-exercise compared to pre-values, while HIT revealed only small to moderate changes on c-miRs-21 (cohen'sd= -0.28) and c-miR-126 (cohen'sd= 0.53). c-miR-16 was only slightly affected by SIT (1.4-fold; cohen'sd= 0.57), HVT (1.3-fold; cohen'sd= 0.61) or HIT (1.1-fold; cohen'sd= 0.2). Furtherin vitroexperiments revealed that miR-126 and miR-21 are mainly of endothelial origin. Importantly, under conditions of endothelial apoptosis, miR-126 and miR-21 are packed from endothelial cells into endothelial microparticles, which were shown to transfer miR-126 into target vascular smooth muscle cells.Conclusion:Taken together, we found that HVT and SIT are associated with the release of endothelial miRNAs into the circulation, which can function as intercellular communication devices regulating vascular biology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.affiliation: Department for Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Udo F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Wehmeier
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Wilhelm
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.affiliation: Institute of Training Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany; The German Research Centre of Elite Sport, German Sport University CologneCologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mester
authors.affiliation: Department for Sports Medicine, University of Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hilberg
keywords: angiogenesis; endothelial microparticles; miR-126; miR-16; miR-21