title: Ceruloplasmin gene expression profile changes in the rat mammary gland during pregnancy, lactation and involution.
abstract: Copper metabolism disturbances in mammary gland (MG) cells have severe consequences in newborns. The mechanism that controls the balance of copper in the MG has not been thoroughly characterized. Four primary copper homeostasis genes in mammals: (1) ceruloplasmin (Cp) encoding multifunction multicopper blue (ferr)oxidase; (2) CTR1 encoding high affinity copper importer 1; and (3 and 4) two similar genes encoding Cu(I)/Cu(II)-ATPases P1 type (ATP7A and ATP7B) responsible for copper efflux from the cells and metallation of cuproenzymes formed in the Golgi complex are expressed in MG. This study aimed to characterize expression of these genes during pregnancy, lactation and forced involution in the rat MG. We found that Cp anchored to the plasma membrane and ATP7A were expressed during pregnancy and lactation. Soluble Cp and ATP7B were highly expressed in lactating MG decreasing to its ending. CTR1 activity increased during MG growth and reached its maximum at postpartum and then it decreased until the end of lactation. During early forced MG involution, Cp gene expression persisted; while a form of Cp that lacked exon 18 appeared. We suggest that Cp gene expressional changes at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level reflect various physiological functions of Cp proteins during MG remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia.
authors.forename: Natalia A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Platonova
authors.affiliation: ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St., Petersburg 197101, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St., Petersburg 195251, Russia. Electronic address: orlov239@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Iurii A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Orlov
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia.
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Klotchenko
authors.affiliation: School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mercy College of Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA, USA.
authors.forename: Victor S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Babich
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia; ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St., Petersburg 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Ekaterina Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Ilyechova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia.
authors.forename: Polina S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Babich
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St., Petersburg 195251, Russia.
authors.forename: Yuri P
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Garmai
authors.affiliation: Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St., Petersburg 195251, Russia.
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Vasin
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia; ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St., Petersburg 197101, Russia.
authors.forename: Nadezhda V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Tsymbalenko
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental Medicine, Pavlova str., 12, St., Petersburg 197376, Russia; ITMO University, Kronverksky av., 49, St., Petersburg 197101, Russia; Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya str., 29, St., Petersburg 195251, Russia.
authors.forename: Liudmila V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Puchkova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002570:Ceruloplasmin; C550619:Atp7b protein, rat; D000073840:Copper-Transporting ATPases
keywords: Ceruloplasmin gene splice forms; Copper metabolism; Copper transporting ATPases; Growth-regression cycle of mammary gland; High affinity copper importer 1