title: A salivary EF-hand calcium-binding protein of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens functions as an effector for defense responses in rice.
abstract: The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a major pest of rice in Asia, is able to successfully puncture sieve tubes in rice with its piercing stylet and then to ingest phloem sap. How BPH manages to continuously feed on rice remains unclear. Here, we cloned the gene NlSEF1, which is highly expressed in the salivary glands of BPH. The NlSEF1 protein has EF-hand Ca2+-binding activity and can be secreted into rice plants when BPH feed. Infestation of rice by BPH nymphs whose NlSEF1 was knocked down elicited higher levels of Ca2+and H2O2but not jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and SA in rice than did infestation by control nymphs; Consistently, wounding plus the recombination protein NlSEF1 suppressed the production of H2O2in rice. Bioassays revealed that NlSEF1-knockdown BPH nymphs had a higher mortality rate and lower feeding capacity on rice than control nymphs. These results indicate that the salivary protein in BPH, NlSEF1, functions as an effector and plays important roles in interactions between BPH and rice by mediating the plant's defense responses.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Haixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yukun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jian
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jiamei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Hongdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yonggen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D020832:EF Hand Motifs; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D055785:Gene Knockdown Techniques; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000378:metabolism*; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D007814:Larva / Q000502:physiology; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D003517:Cyclopentanes; D019476:Insect Proteins; D054883:Oxylipins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C532883:jasmonoyl-isoleucine; D007532:Isoleucine; C011006:jasmonic acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D002118:Calcium