title: African Non-Human Primates Host Diverse Enteroviruses.
abstract: Enteroviruses (EVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae and are responsible for mild to severe diseases in mammals including humans and non-human primates (NHP). Simian EVs were first discovered in the 1950s in the Old World Monkeys and recently in wild chimpanzee, gorilla and mandrill in Cameroon. In the present study, we screened by PCR EVs in 600 fecal samples of wild apes and monkeys that were collected at four sites in Gabon. A total of 32 samples were positive for EVs (25 from mandrills, 7 from chimpanzees, none from gorillas). The phylogenetic analysis of VP1 and VP2 genes showed that EVs identified in chimpanzees were members of two human EV species, EV-A and EV-B, and those identified in mandrills were members of the human species EV-B and the simian species EV-J. The identification of two novel enterovirus types, EV-B112 in a chimpanzee and EV-B113 in a mandrill, suggests these NHPs could be potential sources of new EV types. The identification of EV-B107 and EV90 that were previously found in humans indicates cross-species transfers. Also the identification of chimpanzee-derived EV110 in a mandrill demonstrated a wide host range of this EV. Further research of EVs in NHPs would help understanding emergence of new types or variants, and evaluating the real risk of cross-species transmission for humans as well for NHPs populations.
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.|Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Illich Manfred
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Mombo
authors.affiliation: Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, Russia.|Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexander N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lukashev
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bleicker
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brünink
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.|Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berthet
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Gael D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Maganga
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.|CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Durand
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.|CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arnathau
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Larson
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boundenga
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Barthélémy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ngoubangoye
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMI 233, IRD University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Vanina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Boué
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMI 233, IRD University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liégeois
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ollomo
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.|Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prugnolle
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research, partner Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan Felix
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany.|German Center for Infection Research, partner Bonn-Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drosten
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.|Laboratoire Retrovirus, UMI 233, IRD University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Renaud
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.|Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rougeron
authors.affiliation: International Center for Medical Research of Franceville, BP769, Franceville, Gabon.|Laboratoire MIVEGEC (Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290 -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224 -Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leroy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D048528:Mandrillus / Q000821:virology*; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000821:virology*; D010802:Phylogeny