title: Toward the optimal strategy for sustained weight loss in overweight cancer survivors: a systematic review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain more insight into the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss and weight loss maintenance in overweight and obese cancer survivors after completion of initial treatment, this systematic review aimed to provide an overview of the literature on intervention effects on weight, to describe intervention components used in effective interventions, to identify and synthesize behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and to assess the frequency with which these BCTs were used in effective interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six databases were searched for original research articles describing weight changes in adult overweight cancer survivors after participation in a lifestyle intervention initiated after completion of initial treatment. Two researchers independently screened the retrieved papers and extracted BCTs using the BCT Taxonomy version 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two papers describing 27 interventions were included. Interventions that were evaluated with a robust study design (n = 8) generally showed <5% weight loss and did not evaluate effects at ≥12 months after intervention completion. Effective interventions promoted both diet and physical activity and used the BCTs 'goal setting (behaviour)', 'action planning', 'social support (unspecified)' and 'instruction on how to perform the behaviour'.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this first review on intervention components of effective interventions could be used to inform intervention development and showed a need for future publications to report long-term effects, a detailed intervention description and an extensive process evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study contributed to increasing knowledge on the optimal strategy to achieve weight loss, which is recommended for overweight cancer survivors to improve health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.hoedjes@vu.nl.
authors.forename: Meeke
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6887-2882
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoedjes
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maartje M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van Stralen
authors.affiliation: Department of Dietetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sheena Tjon A
authors.initials: STA
authors.lastname: Joe
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rookus
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Flora
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, UCL Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michie
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Seidell
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.|Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kampman
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D050177:Overweight / Q000628:therapy*; D017741:Survivors; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Behaviour change techniques; Cancer survivors; Lifestyle intervention components; Weight loss maintenance