title: Intracerebroventricular Delivery as a Safe, Long-Term Route of Drug Administration.
abstract: Intrathecal delivery methods have been used for many decades to treat a broad range of central nervous system disorders. A literature review demonstrated that intracerebroventricular route is an established and well-tolerated method for prolonged central nervous system drug delivery in pediatric and adult populations. Intracerebroventricular devices were present in patients from one to 7156 days. The number of punctures per device ranged from 2 to 280. Noninfectious complication rates per patient (range, 1.0% to 33.0%) were similar to infectious complication rates (0.0% to 27.0%). Clinician experience and training and the use of strict aseptic techniques have been shown to reduce the frequency of complications.
authors.affiliation: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, Novato, California.
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cohen-Pfeffer
authors.affiliation: McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
authors.forename: Sridharan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gururangan
authors.affiliation: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, Novato, California.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, Novato, California.
authors.forename: Adam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Shaywitz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: irene.slavc@meduniwien.ac.at.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Slavc
mesh_terms: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007278:Injections, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D002491:Central Nervous System Agents
keywords: ICV; Ommaya reservoir; Rickham reservoir; complications; drug delivery; infections; intracerebroventricular; intrathecal