title: Application of Ionic Liquids to Energy Storage and Conversion Materials and Devices.
abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions and can be further defined as molten salts having melting points lower than 100 °C. One of the most important research areas for IL utilization is undoubtedly their energy application, especially for energy storage and conversion materials and devices, because there is a continuously increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. In this article, various application of ILs are reviewed by focusing on their use as electrolyte materials for Li/Na ion batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, Li-oxygen batteries, and nonhumidified fuel cells and as carbon precursors for electrode catalysts of fuel cells and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Due to their characteristic properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity, ILs appear to meet the rigorous demands/criteria of these various applications. However, for further development, specific applications for which these characteristic properties become unique (i.e., not easily achieved by other materials) must be explored. Thus, through strong demands for research and consideration of ILs unique properties, we will be able to identify indispensable applications for ILs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-6150
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Morgan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiguo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University , 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Institute of Catalysis, Hokkaido University , Kita 21. Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.|Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dokko