title: Cerebral Hemodynamics and Cognitive Function in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy.
abstract: Aims.To investigate cerebral hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with HE and to observe effects of treatment in cerebral hemodynamics and correlations among ammonia, cerebral hemodynamics, and cognitive function.Methods. There were four groups: healthy controls (group 1), cirrhosis without HE (group 2), cirrhosis with MHE (group 3), and cirrhosis with OHE (group 4). Ammonia and cerebral hemodynamics (by TCD) were assessed. Patients in group 3 were subsequently randomized to two subgroups: the control (group A) and the treated (group B, treated with lactulose for two months), and they were retested for ammonia and TCD after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ammonia,Vm,Vd, PI, and RI were statistically different before treatment, and ammonia, PI, and RI levels paralleled the severity of HE (P< 0.05). In group B,Vdincreased and ammonia, PI, and RI declined following treatment (P< 0.05), while there were no differences in group A (P> 0.05). Correlations were found between ammonia andVd, PI, RI, NCT-A, and DST and also found betweenVd, PI, RI, and NCT-A and DST (P< 0.05).Conclusions. This study revealed that cerebral hemodynamics were related to the severity of HE and cerebral autoregulation was impaired. There were tight correlations among ammonia, cerebral hemodynamics, and cognitive function, and, following treatment, cerebral hemodynamics improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The School of Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: The Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The School of Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Shunfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The School of Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Linqiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The School of Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Keran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The School of Medicine of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; The Shanghai Tenth Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Shizan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jingjing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Sainan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jiao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Xiya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4429-9043
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yujing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1814-2125
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Yingqun
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8757-9657
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
authors.forename: Chuanyong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5658-600X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guo