title: Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus versus a mixed microbial inoculum on the transcriptome reprogramming of grapevine roots.
abstract: Grapevine, cultivated for both fruit and beverage production, represents one of the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. With the aim of better understanding how grape roots respond to beneficial microbes, a transcriptome sequencing experiment has been performed to evaluate the impact of a single arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae) versus a mixed inoculum containing a bacterial and fungal consortium, including different AM species, on Richter 110 rootstock. Results showed that the impact of a single AM fungus and of a complex microbial inoculum on the grapevine transcriptome differed. After 3 months, roots exclusively were colonized after the F. mosseae treatment and several AM marker genes were found to be upregulated. The mixed inoculum led only to traces of colonization by AM fungi, but elicited an important transcriptional regulation. Additionally, the expression of genes belonging to categories such as nutrient transport, transcription factors, and cell wall-related genes was significantly altered in both treatments, but the exact genes affected differed in the two conditions. These findings advance our understanding about the impact of soil beneficial microbes on the root system of a woody plant, also offering the basis for novel approaches in grapevine cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante del CNR, SS Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy. raffaella.balestrini@ipsp.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7958-7681
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balestrini
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvioli
authors.affiliation: Centro di Genomica Funzionale dell'Università di Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Molin
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novero
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gabelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.|Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paparelli
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), Università degli Studi di Udine, Viale delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy.|Istituto di Genomica Applicata (IGA), Via J. Linussio 51, 33100, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marroni
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfante
mesh_terms: D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D013559:Symbiosis; D059467:Transcriptome; D027843:Vitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
keywords: AM symbiosis; Grapevine; Microbial inoculum; Root transcriptome profile