title: Diversity of immune cell types in multiple sclerosis and its animal model: Pathological and therapeutic implications.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with an autoimmune attack on the components of the myelin sheath and axons. The etiology of the disease remains largely unknown, but it is commonly acknowledged that the development of MS probably results from the interaction of environmental factors in conjunction with a genetic predisposition. Current therapeutic approaches can only ameliorate the clinical symptoms or reduce the frequency of relapse in MS. Most drugs used in this disease broadly suppress the functions of immune effector cells, which can result in serious side effects. Thus, new therapeutic methods resulting in greater efficacy and lower toxicity are needed. Toward this end, cell-based therapies are of increasing interest in the treatment of MS. Several immunoregulatory cell types, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, M2 macrophages, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and stem cells, have been developed as novel therapeutic tools for the treatment of MS. In this Review, we summarize studies on the application of these cell populations for the treatment of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and call for further research on applications and mechanisms by which these cells act in the treatment of MS. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Neuroscience Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Zhongxiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Qingqing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Jinming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.|Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: B cells; EAE; T cells; macrophage; multiple sclerosis; stem cells; tolerogenic dendritic cells