title: Gunshot wound trajectory analysis using forensic animation to establish relative positions of shooter and victim.
abstract: Forensic pathologists who autopsy the victims of gun violence are often called upon to answer questions in both criminal and civil proceedings about the relative position of the shooter and the victim. In this case report of an officer-involved shooting incident, the statement of the police officer appeared to be in direct contradiction to the statements of other eyewitnesses, the evidence at the scene, and the final resting position of the decedent's body. Trajectory analysis of two gunshot wound pathways (only one of which was instantaneously incapacitating) was performed to assess the veracity of the officer's statement and forensic animation was used to create a court exhibit. A discussion of the current peer-reviewed literature is included.
authors.affiliation: University College London, 31-34 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0PY, UK. Electronic address: aisling.galligan@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Aisling A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Galligan
authors.affiliation: Precision Simulations, Inc., 115 South Church Street, Grass Valley, CA 95945, United States. Electronic address: craig@precisionsim.com.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.affiliation: Pathology Expert, Inc., 3739 Balboa Street #102, San Francisco, CA 94121, United States. Electronic address: drjudymelinek@PathologyExpert.com.
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melinek
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D044709:Forensic Ballistics / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016495:Police; D012984:Software; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot
keywords: Analysis; Body position; Gunshot; Incapacitation; Reconstruction; Trajectory