title: Supplementing the maternal diet of rats with butyrate enhances mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscles of weaned offspring.
abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal dietary butyrate supplementation on energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in offspring skeletal muscle and the possible mediating mechanisms. Virgin female rats were randomly assigned to either control or butyrate diets (1 % butyrate sodium) throughout gestation and lactation. At the end of lactation (21 d), the offspring were killed by exsanguination from the abdominal aorta under anaesthesia. The results showed that maternal butyrate supplementation throughout gestation and lactation did not affect offspring body weight. However, the protein expressions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR) 43 and 41 were significantly enhanced in offspring skeletal muscle of the maternal butyrate-supplemented group. The ATP content, most of mitochondrial DNA-encoded gene expressions, the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 4 protein contents and the mitochondrial DNA copy number were significantly higher in the butyrate group than in the control group. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of type 1 myosin heavy chain, mitochondrial transcription factor A, PPAR-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein 3 were significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of the treatment group compared with the control group. These results indicate for the first time that maternal butyrate supplementation during the gestation and lactation periods influenced energy metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis through the GPR and PGC-1α pathways in offspring skeletal muscle at weaning.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shixing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ruqian
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology & Biochemistry,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008931:Mitochondria, Muscle / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002087:Butyrates; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords:  COX1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1;  CREB cAMP response element-binding protein;  GPR G-protein-coupled receptor;  MYHC myosin heavy chain;  TFAM mitochondrial transcription factor A;  UCP uncoupling protein 3;  mtDNA mitochondrial DNA;  p-CREB anti-phospho-ser133 CREB; ATP; Maternal butyrate; Mitochondrial biogenesis; Rats; Skeletal muscles