title: Circadian gene variants and breast cancer.
abstract: The endogenous and self-sustained circadian rhythm generated and maintained in suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues can coordinate various molecular, biochemical and physiological processes in living organisms resulting in the adaptation to environmental cues, e.g. light. Multifactorial breast cancer etiology also involves circadian gene alterations, especially among individuals exposed to light at night. Indeed, shift work that causes circadian disruption has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a probable human carcinogen, group 2A. Thus it seems extremely important to recognize specific susceptible gene variants among around 20 candidate circadian genes that may be linked with breast cancer etiology. The aim of this review was to evaluate recent data investigating a putative link between circadian gene polymorphisms and breast cancer risk. We summarize fifteen epidemiological studies, including five studies on shift work that have indicated BMAL1, BMAL2, CLOCK, NPAS2, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER3 and TIMELESS as a candidate breast cancer risk variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Teresy St. 8, 91-348, Lodz, Poland. Electronic address: edyta.reszka@imp.lodz.pl.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reszka
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Teresy St. 8, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Przybek
authors.affiliation: Central Queensland University, 160 Ann Street, Brisbane, Australia; Griffith Institute of Educational Research, 76 Messines Ridge Road, Mount Gravatt, Australia.
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muurlink
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Teresy St. 8, 91-348, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pepłonska
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D057906:Circadian Clocks / Q000235:genetics; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors
keywords: Breast cancer; Circadian genes; Clock genes; Genetic polymorphism; Shift work