title: Automated Sound Recognition Provides Insights into the Behavioral Ecology of a Tropical Bird.
abstract: Computer-assisted species recognition facilitates the analysis of relevant biological information in continuous audio recordings. In the present study, we assess the suitability of this approach for determining distinct life-cycle phases of the Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis lampronotus based on adult vocal activity. For this purpose we use passive 14-min and 30-min soundscape recordings (n = 33 201) collected in 24/7 mode between November 2012 and October 2013 in Brazil's Pantanal wetlands. Time-stamped detections of V. chilensis call events (n = 62 292) were obtained with a species-specific sound recognizer. We demonstrate that the breeding season fell in a three-month period from mid-May to early August 2013, between the end of the flood cycle and the height of the dry season. Several phases of the lapwing's life history were identified with presumed error margins of a few days: pre-breeding, territory establishment and egg-laying, incubation, hatching, parental defense of chicks, and post-breeding. Diurnal time budgets confirm high acoustic activity levels during midday hours in June and July, indicative of adults defending young. By August, activity patterns had reverted to nonbreeding mode, with peaks around dawn and dusk and low call frequency during midday heat. We assess the current technological limitations of the V. chilensis recognizer through a comprehensive performance assessment and scrutinize the usefulness of automated acoustic recognizers in studies on the distribution pattern, ecology, life history, and conservation status of sound-producing animal species.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU), Science without Borders Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jahn
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU), Science without Borders Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Technical University of Varna, Varna, Varna, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Todor D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Ganchev
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU), Science without Borders Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|Institute of Biosciences, UFMT, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marinez I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Science and Technology in Wetlands (INAU), Science without Borders Program, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|Zoological Research Museum A. Koenig (ZFMK), Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.|Institute of Biosciences, UFMT, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.|University of Bonn, Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schuchmann
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001717:Birds; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013016:Sound; D014828:Vocalization, Animal