title: The everyday dynamics of rumination and worry: precipitant events and affective consequences.
abstract: Rumination and worry are two perseverative, negatively valenced thought processes that characterise depressive and anxiety disorders. Despite significant research interest, little is known about the everyday precipitants and consequences of rumination and worry. Using an experience sampling methodology, we examined and compared rumination and worry with respect to their relations to daily events and affective experience. Participants diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), co-occurring MDD-GAD, or no diagnosis carried an electronic device for one week and reported on rumination, worry, significant events, positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA). Across the clinical groups, occurrences of everyday events predicted subsequent increases in rumination, but not worry. Further, higher momentary levels of rumination, but not worry, predicted subsequent decreases in PA and increases in NA. Thus, in these clinical groups, rumination was more susceptible to daily events and produced stronger affective changes over time. We discuss implications for theory and clinical intervention.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kircanski
authors.affiliation: b Department of Psychology , Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , MO , USA.
authors.forename: Renee J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Lindsey
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sherdell
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychology , Stanford University , Stanford , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Ian H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Gotlib
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D000074222:Rumination, Cognitive; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Rumination; affect; experience sampling method; life stress; worry