title: Carcinogenic risk and Bisphenol A exposure: A focus on molecular aspects in endoderm derived glands.
abstract: Epidemiological and experimental evidence associates the exposure to Bisphenol A with the increase of cancer risk in several organs, including prostate. BPA targets different pathways involved in carcinogenicity including the Nuclear Receptors (i.e. estrogen and androgen receptors), stress regulated proteins and, finally, epigenetic changes. Here, we analyse BPA-dependent carcinogenesis in endoderm-derived glands, thyroid, liver, pancreas and prostate focusing on cell signalling, DNA damage repair pathways and epigenetic modifications. Mainly, we gather molecular data evidencing harmful effects at doses relevant for human risk (low-doses). Since few molecular data are available, above all for the pancreas, we analysed transcriptomic data generated in our laboratory to suggest possible mechanisms of BPA carcinogenicity in endoderm-derived glands, discussing the role of nuclear receptors and stress/NF-kB pathways. We evidence that an in vitro toxicogenomic approach might suggest mechanisms of toxicity applicable to cells having the same developmental origin. Although we cannot draw firm conclusions, published data summarized in this review suggest that exposure to BPA, primarily during the developmental stages, represents a risk for carcinogenesis of endoderm-derived glands.
authors.affiliation: IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
authors.forename: Danila
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cuomo
authors.affiliation: IRGS, Biogem, Via Camporeale, 83031 Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy.
authors.forename: Immacolata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Porreca
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Sez. Bozzatti, II University of Naples, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Gilda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cobellis
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarallo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy; Genomix4Life srl, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nassa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Geppino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nardone
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.affiliation: Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, via Port'Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy. Electronic address: coambros@unisannio.it.
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000473:pathology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D012307:Risk Factors; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: Bisphenol A; Nuclear receptors; Pancreatic cancer; Prostate cancer; Stress/NF-kB pathway; Thyroid cancer