title: Minor physical anomalies in bipolar I and bipolar II disorders - Results with the Méhes Scale.
abstract: Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are external markers of abnormal brain development, so the more common appearence of these signs among bipolar I and bipolar II patients can confirm the possibility of a neurodevelopmental deficit in these illnesses. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate and topological profile of minor physical anomalies in patients with bipolar I and - first in literature - with bipolar II disorders compared to matched healthy control subjects. Using a list of 57 minor physical anomalies (the Méhes Scale), 30 bipolar I and 30 bipolar II patients, while as a comparison 30 matched healthy control subjects were examined. Significant differences were detected between the three groups comparing the total number of minor physical anomalies, minor malformations and phenogenetic variants and in the cases of the ear and the mouth regions. The individual analyses of the 57 minor physical anomalies by simultaneous comparison of the three groups showed, that in the cases of furrowed tongue and high arched palate were significant differences between the three groups. The results can promote the concept, that a neurodevelopmental deficit may play a role in the etiology of both bipolar I and bipolar II disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Hajnalka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berecz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Györgyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Csábi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nursing and Patients Care, Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Sára
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeges
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Róbert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Theoretical Mental Health, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Hungary.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halmai
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dániel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trixler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajnal
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary.
authors.forename: Ákos Levente
authors.initials: ÁL
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Pécs, Faculty of Medicine, Rét u.2.H-7623, Pécs, Hungary. Electronic address: tenyi.tamas@pte.hu.
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tényi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009056:Mouth Abnormalities / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Biological markers; Bipolar I and II disorders; Neurodevelopment; Psychotic disorders