title: Is angiotensin-(3-4) (Val-Tyr), the shortest angiotensin II-derived peptide, opening new vistas on the renin-angiotensin system?
abstract: Angiotensin-(3-4) (Ang-(3-4) or Val-Tyr) is the shorter angiotensin (Ang) II-derived peptide, formed through successive hydrolysis that culminates with the release of Val-Tyr as a dipeptide. It is formed both in plasma and in kidney from Ang II and Ang III, and can be considered a component of the systemic and organ-based renin-angiotensin system. It is potently antihypertensive in humans and rats, and its concerted actions on proximal tubule cells culminate in the inhibition of fluid reabsorption, hyperosmotic urinary excretion of Na+. At the renal cell signaling level, Ang-(3-4) counteracts Ang II-type 1 receptor-mediated responses by acting as an allosteric enhancer in Ang II-type 2 receptor populations that target adenosine triphosphate-dependent Ca2+and Na+transporters through a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway.
authors.affiliation: 1 National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juliana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.affiliation: 1 National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Axelband
authors.affiliation: 3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|4 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucienne S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.affiliation: 2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muzi-Filho
authors.affiliation: 2 Carlos Chagas Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|3 National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|5 Translational Biomedicine Graduate Program, Grande Rio University, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adalberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vieyra
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D000804:Angiotensin II
keywords: AT1R/AT2R heterodimer dissociation; Ang-(3–4); Na+-ATPase; antihypertensive action; cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase; hyperosmotic urinary Na+ excretion; local renal RAS