title: Conversational Entrainment of Vocal Fry in Young Adult Female American English Speakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conversational entrainment, the natural tendency for people to modify their behaviors to more closely match their communication partner, is examined as one possible mechanism modulating the prevalence of vocal fry in the speech of young American women engaged in spoken dialogue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty young adult female American English speakers engaged in two spoken dialogue tasks-one with a young adult female American English conversational partner who exhibited substantial vocal fry and one with a young adult female American English conversational partner who exhibited quantifiably less vocal fry. Dialogues were analyzed for proportion of vocal fry, by speaker, and two measures of communicative success (efficiency and enjoyment).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants employed significantly more vocal fry when conversing with the partner who exhibited substantial vocal fry than when conversing with the partner who exhibited quantifiably less vocal fry. Further, greater similarity between communication partners in their use of vocal fry tracked with higher scores of communicative efficiency and communicative enjoyment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversational entrainment offers a mechanistic framework that may be used to explain, to some degree, the frequency with which vocal fry is employed by young American women engaged in spoken dialogue. Further, young American women who modulated their vocal patterns during dialogue to match those of their conversational partner gained more efficiency and enjoyment from their interactions, demonstrating the cognitive and social benefits of entrainment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communicative Disorders and Deaf Education, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Electronic address: stephanie.borrie@usu.edu.
authors.forename: Stephanie A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Borrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
authors.forename: Christine R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Delfino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010699:Phonation; D012919:Social Behavior; D014705:Verbal Behavior; D014831:Voice; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: American women; Communicative success; Conversational entrainment; Spoken dialogue; Vocal fry