title: Prenatal Exposure to DEHP Induces Premature Reproductive Senescence in Male Mice.
abstract: Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used phthalate, and it is an endocrine-disrupting chemical. This study tested a hypothesis that prenatal exposure to DEHP lays the foundation for premature gonadal dysfunction and subsequent reproductive senescence in male mice. Pregnant female CD-1 mice were orally dosed with vehicle control (tocopherol-stripped corn oil) or with 20 μg/kg/day, 200 μg/kg/day, 500 mg/kg/day, or 750 mg/kg/day of DEHP from gestational day 11 to birth. Overall, the prenatal DEHP exposure did not cause any overt physical health problems in male offspring, as no significant differences in their body nor gonadal weight were seen up to the age of 23 months. However, an age- and dose-dependent gonadal dysfunction was observed. As early as 7 months of age, the 750 mg/kg/day group of mice exhibited significantly reduced fertility. At 19 months of age, 86% of the 750 mg/kg/day mice became infertile, whereas only 25% of the control mice were infertile. At this age, all of the DEHP-exposed mice had lower serum testosterone levels, higher serum estradiol levels, and higher LH levels compared with control mice. Histological evaluations showed that mice prenatally exposed to DEHP displayed a wide array of gonadal and epididymal abnormalities such as increased germ cell apoptosis, degenerative seminiferous tubules, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia in comparison to age-matching control mice. In summary, this study shows that prenatal exposure to DEHP induces premature reproductive senescence in male mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.|Department of Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt.
authors.forename: Radwa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barakat
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Po-Ching Patrick
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Saniya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rattan
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Igor F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Canisso
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt.
authors.forename: Mohamed E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Abosalum
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaws
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61802.
authors.forename: CheMyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D019588:Aging, Premature / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D021461:Animals, Outbred Strains; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013737:Testis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010968:Plasticizers; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate
keywords: DEHP; endocrine disruptor; fertility; semen.; testes