title: Reliability and Validity of Athletes Disability Index Questionnaire.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of a new proposed questionnaire for assessment of functional disability in athletes with low back pain (LBP).
  
  
  
  Validity and reliability study.
  
  
  
  Elite athletes participating in different fields of sports.
  
  
  
  Participants were 165 male and female athletes (between 12 and 50 years old) with LBP.
  
  
  
  Athlete Disability Index (ADI) Questionnaire which is developed by the authors for assessing LBP-related disability in athletes, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ).
  
  
  
  Self-reported responses were collected regarding LBP-related disability through ADI, ODI, and RDQ.
  
  
  
  The test-retest reliability was strong, and intraclass correlation value ranged between 0.74 and 0.94. The Cronbach alpha coefficient value of 0.91 (P < 0.001) demonstrated excellent internal consistency of the questionnaire. The correlation coefficient between ADI and ODI was r = 0.918 (P < 0.0001), between ADI and RDQ was r = 0.669 (P < 0.0001), and between ADI and visual analog scale was r = 0.626 (P < 0.001). According to ODI and RDQ, disability levels were mild in the large majority of subjects (91.5% and 86.0%, respectively). Alternatively, disability assessments by the ADI did not cluster at the mild level and ranged more broadly from mild to very high.
  
  
  
  The ADI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability in athletes with LBP. Compared with the available LBP disability questionnaires used in the general population, ADI can more precisely stratify the disability levels of athletes due to LBP.
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Pardis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Noormohammadpour
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hosseini Khezri
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farzin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farahbakhsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mansournia
authors.affiliation: PM&R Section, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, California.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smuck
authors.affiliation: Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.|Spine Division, Noorafshar Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ramin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kordi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D056352:Athletes; D002648:Child; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D057566:Self Report; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult