title: Reported Back Pain in Army Aircrew in Relation to Airframe, Gender, Age, and Experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Back pain has remained an issue of significance among aircraft crewmembers for decades, occurring in the majority of military helicopter pilots with potential deleterious effects on performance, safety, and operational readiness. This exploratory, correlational survey study was designed to evaluate the presence of patterns and relationships that may require further examination to understand causal factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of U.S. Army aviation crewmembers. Subjects (467) completed an anonymous survey, including questions regarding demographics, airframes, experience, pain history and severity, ergonomics, mitigation strategies, and duty limitations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 84.6% of participants reported back pain at some time during their flying career, with 77.8% reporting back pain in the last calendar year. Age was found to significantly correlate with earlier time to pain during flight, higher pain rating after flight, and occurrence of grounding. A stepwise linear regression model was used to explore the relationships between age, flight hours, and years of aviation experience, demonstrating age to be the significant variable accounting for the observed variance. Aircrew reported wear of combat-related survival equipment and poor lumbar support to be the most notable contributors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Back pain rates were consistent with previous studies. The relationship of age to back pain in this study may highlight unique pathophysiological pathways that should be further investigated within an occupational context to better understand the etiologic role. Enhanced seated lumbar support and combat-related survival equipment remain relatively low-cost/high-yield topics worthy of further investigation for exploiting efficient means to improve health, safety, and operational performance.Kelley AM, MacDonnell J, Grigley D, Campbell J, Gaydos SJ. Reported back pain in army aircrew in relation to airframe, gender, age, and experience. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(2):96-103.
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacDonnell
authors.forename: Deahndra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grigley
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Gaydos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000337:Aerospace Medicine; D000367:Age Factors; D000401:Aircraft; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult