title: Nanoscale measurement of trace element distributions in Spartina alterniflora root tissue during dormancy.
abstract: This paper reports a nanometer-scale investigation of trace element (As, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, S and Zn) distributions in the root system Spartina alterniflora during dormancy. The sample was collected on a salt marsh island in Jamaica Bay, New York, in April 2015 and the root was cross-sectioned with 10 μm resolution. Synchrotron X-ray nanofluorescence was applied to map the trace element distributions in selected areas of the root epidermis and endodermis. The sampling resolution was 60 nm to increase the measurement accuracy and reduce the uncertainty. The results indicate that the elemental concentrations in the epidermis, outer endodermis and inner endodermis are significantly (p < 0.01) different. The root endodermis has relatively higher concentrations of these elements than the root epidermis. Furthermore, this high resolution measurement indicates that the elemental concentrations in the outer endodermis are significantly (p < 0.01) higher than those in the inner endodermis. These results suggest that the Casparian strip may play a role in governing the aplastic transport of these elements. Pearson correlation analysis on the average concentrations of each element in the selected areas shows that most of the elements are significantly (p < 0.05) correlated, which suggests that these elements may share the same transport pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey 07043, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: J Kirk
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.affiliation: School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Qingzhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Hanfei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Xiaojing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Yong S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.affiliation: College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, PRC.
authors.forename: Houjun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Computational Science Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Shinjae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Biological Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Jun
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D057445:Plant Dormancy; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D006109:Poaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements