title: An Increasing Threat in an Iranian Referral Children's Hospital: Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen in the past decades. Due to the prevalence of A. baumannii across the world, suitable typing methods to investigate the epidemiological distribution of the organism have been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological and molecular diversity of A. baumannii strains isolated from nosocomial infections of hospitalized children in Children Medical Center Hospital (CMC), an Iranian referral hospital, in Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 27 non-duplicate clinical A. baumannii isolates were collected during October 2013 to March 2014 and tested for antimicrobial resistance to several antibiotic agents. The genetic similarity of the strains was investigated by amplification of Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One predominant RAPD profile (type B) was identified in 15 strains (56% of all typed isolates). Other clusters depicted in the dendrogram, namely A, C, and D comprised 6 (22%), 5 (19%) and 1 (3%) isolates, respectively. All A. baumannii strains were resistant to all antibiotics except colistin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the clonal spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in our hospital. Therefore, the factors responsible for dissemination of such isolates need to be identified, controlled, and prevented to avoid major outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pourakbari
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Shima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habibi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Taghi Haghi
authors.initials: MTH
authors.lastname: Ashtiani
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Reihaneh Hosseinpour
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khodabandeh
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.|Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Setareh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mamishi
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D060005:Genotyping Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012017:Referral and Consultation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
keywords: A. baumannii; RAPD profile; antimicrobial resistance; genotyping; isolates organism.