title: Effect of specific exercise-based football injury prevention programmes on the overall injury rate in football: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the FIFA 11 and 11+ programmes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of FIFA injury prevention programmes in football (FIFA 11 and FIFA 11+).
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials comparing the FIFA injury prevention programmes with a control (no or sham intervention) among football players.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via OVID, CINAHL via Ebsco, Web of Science, SportDiscus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from 2004 to 14 March 2016.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6 cluster-randomised controlled trials had assessed the effect of FIFA injury prevention programmes compared with controls on the overall football injury incidence in recreational/subelite football. These studies included 2 specific exercise-based injury prevention programmes: FIFA 11 (2 studies) and FIFA 11+ (4 studies). The primary analysis showed a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio of 0.75 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.98), p=0.04, in favour of the FIFA injury prevention programmes. Secondary analyses revealed that when pooling the 4 studies applying the FIFA 11+ prevention programme, a reduction in the overall injury risk ratio (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.61; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77, p<0.001) was present in favour of the FIFA 11+ prevention programme. No reduction was present when pooling the 2 studies including the FIFA 11 prevention programme (IRR 0.99; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.23, p=0.940).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An injury-preventing effect of the FIFA injury prevention programmes compared with controls was shown in football. This effect was induced by the FIFA 11+ prevention programme which has a substantial injury-preventing effect by reducing football injuries by 39%, whereas a preventive effect of the FIFA 11 prevention programme could not be documented.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  PROSPERO CRD42015024120.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation-Copenhagen (PMR-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorborg
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Orthopedic Research Center-Copenhagen (SORC-C), Amager-Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen University, Hvidovre, Denmark.|Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kasper Kühn
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krommes
authors.affiliation: University School of Health and Sport Sciences, Universitat de Girona (EUSES-UdG), Carrer de Francesc Macia 65, Girona, Spain.|Sportclinic, Physiotherapy and Sports Training Center, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esteve
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Technology, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mikkel Bek
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Clausen
authors.affiliation: The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Else Marie
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-9678
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.affiliation: Research Unit for General Practice in Aalborg, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.|Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.|Department of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michael Skovdal
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rathleff
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012916:Soccer / Q000293:injuries*; D063996:Warm-Up Exercise
keywords: Exercises; Football; Injury prevention