title: TGF-β engineered mesenchymal stem cells (TGF-β/MSCs) for treatment of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are advantageous candidates for cell therapy of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Considering immunomodulatory effect of MSC, in this study, we engineered MSCs with TGF-β gene to increase MSC potency for T1D therapy in mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two plans were designed for prevention and treatment of diabetes, respectively. In both of them, MSCs were injected i.v. and then, the diabetes features including serum insulin, blood glucose, glucose tolerance, splenocytes proliferation, and IL-4/IFN-γ production were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-β/MSCs treatment program resulted in the restoration of serum glucose after 3weeks, while prevention program could delay diabetes progression for two weeks. TGF-β/MSCs treatment elevated the levels of serum insulin and Th2 cytokine shift on 5th week after start of treatment. TGF-β/MSCs (and MSCs alone) could also diminish body weight and enhance mice survival comparing to untreated diabetic mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Engineered TGF-β/MSCs could restore some T1D features, including the regulation of adverse immune responses and could be potent tools for cell therapy of T1D comparing MSCs alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daneshmandi
authors.affiliation: Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Electronic address: Karimimh@sums.ac.ir.
authors.forename: Mohammad Hossein
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali Akbar
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Pourfathollah
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D006801:Humans; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D058408:Th1-Th2 Balance; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
keywords: Cell therapy; Mesenchymal stem cell; TGF-β; Type 1 diabetes