title: Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1Gene Demonstrates Genetic Linkage to Increased Fermentation Rate at Low Temperatures.
abstract: Low fermentation temperatures are of importance to food and beverage industries working withSaccharomyces cerevisiaeTherefore, the identification of genes demonstrating a positive impact on fermentation kinetics is of significant interest. A set of 121 mapped F1progeny, derived from a cross between haploid strains BY4716 (a derivative of the laboratory yeast S288C) and wine yeast RM11-1a, were fermented in New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc grape juice at 12.5°. Analyses of five key fermentation kinetic parameters among the F1progeny identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome I with a significant degree of linkage to maximal fermentation rate (Vmax) at low temperature. Independent deletions of two candidate genes within the region,FLO1andSWH1, were constructed in the parental strains (with S288C representing BY4716). Fermentation of wild-type and deletion strains at 12.5 and 25° confirmed that the genetic linkage toVmaxcorresponds to the S288C version of theFLO1allele, as the absence of this allele reducedVmaxby ∼50% at 12.5°, but not at 25°. Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA) between S288C and RM11-1aFLO1alleles did not confirm the prediction that the S288C version ofFLO1was promoting more rapid fermentation in the opposing strain background, suggesting that the positive effect onVmaxderived from S288CFLO1may only provide an advantage in haploids, or is dependent on strain-specificcisortranseffects. This research adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the role ofFLO1in providing stress tolerance toS. cerevisiaeduring fermentation.
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand rebecca.deed@auckland.ac.nz.|School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Deed
authors.affiliation: School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fedrizzi
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005285:Fermentation / Q000235:genetics*; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D056726:Genetic Association Studies; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D008126:Lod Score; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000235:genetics*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C087578:FLO1 protein, S cerevisiae; D005819:Genetic Markers; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
keywords: fermentation kinetics; genetic linkage analysis; low temperature; wine