title: Overview and recent advances in the treatment of neuroblastoma.
abstract: Children with neuroblastoma have widely divergent outcomes, ranging from cure in >90% of patients with low risk disease to <50% for those with high risk disease. Recent research has shed light on the biology of neuroblastoma, allowing for more accurate risk stratification and treatment reduction in many cases, although newer treatment strategies for children with high-risk and relapsed neuroblastoma are needed to improve outcomes. Areas covered: Neuroblastoma epidemiology, diagnosis, risk stratification, and recent advances in treatment of both newly diagnosed and relapsed neuroblastoma. Expert commentary: The identification of newer tumor targets and of novel cell-mediated immunotherapy agents may lead to novel therapeutic approaches, and clinical trials for regimens designed to target individual genetic aberrations in tumors are underway. A combination of therapeutic modalities will likely be required to improve survival and cure rates for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology , Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Sarah B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology , Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology , Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.affiliation: a Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology , Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.
authors.forename: Sibo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA and Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.affiliation: b Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology , University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA and Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital , San Diego , CA , USA.
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Zage
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: ALK; INRG; MIBG; MYCN; Neuroblastoma; dinutuximab; immunotherapy