title: Unhappy triad in limb reconstruction: Management by Ilizarov method.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the results of the Ilizarov method in management of cases with bone loss, soft tissue loss and infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty eight patients with severe leg trauma complicated by bone loss, soft tissue loss and infection were managed by distraction osteogenesis in our institution. After radical debridement of all the infected and dead tissues the Ilizarov frame was applied, corticotomy was done and bone transport started. The wounds were left open to drain. Partial limb shortening was done in seven cases to reduce the size of both the skeletal and soft tissue defects. The average follow up period was 39 mo (range 27-56 mo).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The infection was eradicated in all cases. All the soft tissue defects healed during bone transport and plastic surgery was only required in 2 cases. Skeletal defects were treated in all cases. All patients required another surgery at the docking site to fashion the soft tissue and to cover the bone ends. The external fixation time ranged from 9 to 17 mo with an average of 13 mo. The complications included pin tract infection in 16 cases, wire breakage in 2 cases, unstable scar in 4 cases and chronic edema in 3 cases. According to the association for study and application of methods of Ilizarov score the bone results were excellent in 10, good in 16 and fair in 2 cases while the functional results were excellent in 8, good in 17 and fair in 3 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distraction osteogenesis is a good method that can treat the three problems of this triad simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Barakat Sayed El-Alfy, Orthopedic Department, Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt.
authors.forename: Barakat Sayed
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: El-Alfy
keywords: Bone defect; Ilizarov methods; Open bone transport; Soft tissue reconstruction