title: Correlation between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Red Blood Cell Life Span in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathogenesis of anemia in hemodialysis (HD) patients is dependent on multiple factors, with decreased red blood cell life span (RBCLS) being a significant contributor. Although the impact of reduced RBCLS on anemia is recognized, it is still a subject that is not well researched. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between RBCLS and inflammatory biomarkers in chronic HD patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  RBCLS was calculated from alveolar carbon monoxide concentrations measured by gas chromatography. Interleukins (IL) IL-6, IL-18, IL-10, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured using bead-based multiplex assay. Measurements were carried out at baseline and during follow-up. The associations between RBCLS and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using linear mixed effects models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RBCLS measurements were available for 54 HD patients. Their average age was 58.5 ± 14.4 years, 68.5% were males, 48.1% were diabetics, and the HD vintage was 51 ± 48 months. In 4 patients, RBCLS was measured once, while in 50 patients, up to 5 repeated RBCLS measurements were available. RBCLS was 73.2 ± 17.8 days (range 37.7-115.8 days). No association was found between RBCLS and any of the inflammatory biomarkers. Of note, RBCLS was positively correlated with levels of uric acid (p = 0.02) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; p = 0.01), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that inflammation pathways reported by these biomarkers only have a limited role in causing premature RBC death. The positive correlation with uric acid and BUN warrants further studies.
authors.affiliation: Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yanna
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Hanjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thijssen
authors.forename: Schantel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Viktoriya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kuntsevich
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ouellet
authors.forename: Michelle M Y
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Persic
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosales
authors.forename: Yuedong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nathan W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kotanko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D004905:Erythrocyte Aging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014527:Uric Acid