title: Validation of the scale on Satisfaction of Adolescents with Postoperative pain management - idiopathic Scoliosis (SAP-S).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal fusion is a common orthopedic surgery in children and adolescents and is associated with high pain levels postoperatively. If the pain is not well managed, negative outcomes may ensue. To our knowledge, there is no measure in English that assesses patient's satisfaction with postoperative pain management following idiopathic scoliosis surgery. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the satisfaction subscale of the English version of the Satisfaction of Adolescents with Postoperative pain management - idiopathic Scoliosis (SAP-S) scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two participants aged 10-18 years, who had undergone spinal fusion surgery, fully completed the SAP-S scale at 10-14 days postdischarge. Construct validity was assessed through a principal component analysis using varimax rotation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Principal component analysis indicated a three-factor structure of the 13-item satisfaction subscale of the SAP-S scale. Factors referred to satisfaction regarding current medication received (Factor 1), actions taken by nurses and doctors to manage pain (Factor 2) and information received after surgery (Factor 3). Cronbach's alpha was 0.91, showing very good internal consistency. Data on satisfaction and clinical outcomes were also reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SAP-S is a valid and reliable measure of satisfaction with postoperative pain management that can be used in both research and clinical settings to improve pain management practices. Although it was developed and validated with adolescents who had undergone spinal fusion surgery, it can be used, with further validation, to assess adolescents' satisfaction with pain management in other postoperative contexts.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre; Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Khadra
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le May
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, Université de Montréal; School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Théroux
authors.affiliation: Direction of Nursing.
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charette
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, CHU Sainte-Justine; Department of Anesthesia.
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villeneuve
authors.affiliation: CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal; Orthopaedic Service, Department of Surgery, CHU Sainte-Justine.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parent
authors.affiliation: Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC.
authors.forename: Argerie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsimicalis
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Complex Pain Team, IWK Health Centre; Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management, and Perioperative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacLaren Chorney
keywords: adolescents; orthopedics; pain management; postoperative pain; satisfaction; scoliosis