title: Lung Function in Women with Idiopathic Central Precocious Puberty: A Pilot Study .
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have reported that women with early menarche (≤10 years) have lower lung function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate lung function in women with a history of idio pathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) treated during childhood with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa).
  
  
  METHODS
  ICPP women (n = 23) were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n = 23). Subjects were clinically evaluated by means of a questionnaire, baseline and post-β<Sub>2</Sub> agonist spirometry, impulse oscillometry (a measure of airway resistance), and measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had lower lung function values than controls: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV<Sub>1</Sub>) (median 97.90 vs. 109.45; p = 0.011), FEV<Sub>1</Sub> after β<Sub>2</Sub> agonist (100.80 vs. 114.10; p = 0.013), peak expiratory flow (92.90 vs. 97.95; p = 0.031), and maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (80.80 vs. 106.30; p = 0.008). FeNO was significantly lower in the patients (p < 0.001). Significant reversibility of FEV<Sub>1</Sub> after β<Sub>2</Sub> agonist was observed in 8.7% of the patients. FEV<Sub>1</Sub>/forced vital capacity and MMEF after β<Sub>2</Sub> agonist correlated negatively with hysterometry at diagnosis (p = 0.009 and p = 0.03, respectively). There was a negative correlation between age at diagnosis and airway resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with ICPP seem to have lower lung function despite treatment with GnRHa. Further research on the effects of sex hormones on the airways should take into account potential interplay with factors affecting the start of puberty. .
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Murri
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antoniazzi
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piazza
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cavarzere
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banzato
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boner
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaudino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011629:Puberty, Precocious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; C083781:LHRH, Ala(6)-Gly(10)-ethylamide-