title: A 11 mW 2.4 GHz 0.18 µm CMOS Transceivers for Wireless Sensor Networks.
abstract: In this paper, a low power transceiver for wireless sensor networks (WSN) is proposed. The system is designed with fully functional blocks including a receiver, a fractional-N frequency synthesizer, and a class-E transmitter, and it is optimized with a good balance among output power, sensitivity, power consumption, and silicon area. A transmitter and receiver (TX-RX) shared input-output matching network is used so that only one off-chip inductor is needed in the system. The power and area efficiency-oriented, fully-integrated frequency synthesizer is able to provide programmable output frequencies in the 2.4 GHz range while occupying a small silicon area. Implemented in a standard 0.18 μm RF Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the whole transceiver occupies a chip area of 0.5 mm² (1.2 mm² including bonding pads for a QFN package). Measurement results suggest that the design is able to work at amplitude shift keying (ASK)/on-off-keying (OOK) and FSK modes with up to 500 kbps data rate. With an input sensitivity of -60 dBm and an output power of 3 dBm, the receiver, transmitter and frequency synthesizer consumes 2.3 mW, 4.8 mW, and 3.9 mW from a 1.8 V supply voltage, respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China. hanchen_hb@163.com.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.affiliation: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. chenhua@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. zywang@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhiyu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. jiongjiongmo@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jiongjiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.affiliation: School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China. chen09068@163.com.
authors.forename: Junli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China. fxyu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Faxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China. wbwang@bupt.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wenbo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
keywords: CMOS RF IC; RF transceiver; frequency synthesizer; receiver; transmitter; wireless sensor networks