title: The Antarctic yeast Candida sake: Understanding cold metabolism impact on wine.
abstract: Current winemaking trends include low-temperature fermentations and using non-Saccharomyces yeasts as the most promising tools to produce lower alcohol and increased aromatic complexity wines. Here we explored the oenological attributes of a C. sake strain, H14Cs, isolated in the sub-Antarctic region. As expected, the cold sea water yeast strain showed greater cold growth, Na+-toxicity resistance and freeze tolerance than the S. cerevisiae QA23 strain, which we used as a commercial wine yeast control. C. sake H14Cs was found to be more sensitive to ethanol. The fermentation trials of low-sugar content must demonstrated that C. sake H14Cs allowed the cold-induced lag phase of growth to be eliminated and also notably reduced the ethanol (-30%) and glycerol (-50%) content in wine. Instead C. sake produced sorbitol as a compatible osmolyte. Finally, the inspection of the main wine volatile compounds revealed that C. sake produced more higher alcohols than S. cerevisiae. In conclusion, our work evidences that using the Antarctic C. sake H14Cs yeast improves low-temperature must fermentations and has the potential to provide a wine with less ethanol and also particular attributes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Lidia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ballester-Tomás
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Prieto
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; Food Technology Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeza
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: randez@iata.csic.es.
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Randez-Gil
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002175:Candida / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003470:Culture Media; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005632:Fructose / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism*; D012964:Sodium / Q000737:chemistry; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*; D015002:Yeast, Dried
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D005632:Fructose; D000431:Ethanol; D012964:Sodium; D005947:Glucose; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Ethanol; Low temperature; Sorbitol; Wine aroma; Wine yeast