title: Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
abstract: The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in clinical trials using office BP measurements. However, the effects of liraglutide on 24-h BP and on the diurnal variation in BP have not been explored sufficiently.
  
  
  
  Forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease were randomized to receive liraglutide or placebo to a backbone therapy of metformin in this double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 along with 12 weeks crossover study. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed at the start and end of each intervention.
  
  
  
  Twenty-four individuals completed all 24-h BP measurements. Liraglutide, when compared with placebo, did not induce any significant changes in mean 24-h SBP [difference +1.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: -4.33 to 7.93)] or DBP [+4.2 mmHg (-0.74 to 9.17)]. Twenty-four-hour BP profiles revealed a trend for increase in evening SBP and DBP [+9.2 mmHg (95% CI: 1.1-17.2) and +9.7 mmHg (95% CI: 3.9-15.5), respectively]. Mean heart rate significantly increased after liraglutide [+7.6 bpm (95% CI: 2.56-12.62)]. Liraglutide did not affect the BP variability or the nocturnal BP dipping.
  
  
  
  We could not demonstrate any BP-lowering effect of liraglutide when using 24-h ABPM. Liraglutide exhibited diurnal variation in the effect on BP without affecting the BP variability or nocturnal BP dipping.
authors.affiliation: aDepartment of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Bispebjerg bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital of Amager cDepartment of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital of Hvidovre dClinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital of Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Preman
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kumarathurai
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anholm
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fabricius-Bjerre
authors.forename: Olav W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Haugaard
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sajadieh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide; D008687:Metformin; D000097789:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists