title: Calling, texting, and searching for information while riding a motorcycle: A study of university students in Vietnam.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of calling, texting, and searching for information while riding a motorcycle among university students and the influences of sociodemographic characteristics, social norms, and risk perceptions on these behaviors.
  
  
  
  Students at 2 university campuses in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, the 2 largest cities in Vietnam, were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Data collection was conducted during March and May 2016.
  
  
  
  There were 741 respondents, of whom nearly 90% of students (665) were motorcycle riders. Overall prevalence of mobile phone use while riding is 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.9-83.9%) with calling having a higher level of prevalence than texting or searching for information while riding: 74% (95% CI, 70.7-77.3%) vs. 51.7% (95% CI, 47.9-55.5%) and 49.9% (95% CI, 46.1-53.7%), respectively. Random parameter ordered probit modeling results indicate that mobile phone use while riding is associated with gender, motorcycle license duration, perceived crash risk, perceived risk of mobile phone snatching, and perceptions of friends' mobile phone use while riding.
  
  
  
  Mobile phone use while riding a motorcycle is highly prevalent among university students. Educational programs should focus on the crash and economic risk of all types of mobile phone use while riding, including calling, texting, and searching for information. In addition, they should consider targeting the influence of social norms and peers on mobile phone use while riding.
authors.affiliation: a Monash Institute of Transport Studies, Department of Civil Engineering , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.|b Directorate for Roads of Vietnam , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Long T
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0643-8970
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.affiliation: a Monash Institute of Transport Studies, Department of Civil Engineering , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Gruyter
authors.affiliation: c Institute of Construction Engineering , University of Transport and Communications , Hanoi , Vietnam.
authors.forename: Hang T T
authors.initials: HTT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009049:Motorcycles; D018570:Risk Assessment; D066262:Social Norms; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D060145:Text Messaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities; D014744:Vietnam; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Motorcyclists; accident; calling; crash; mobile phone; texting