title: The effect of accelerated mineral trioxide aggregate on odontoblastic differentiation in dental pulp stem cell niches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of accelerated-set mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cell niches (DPSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  ProRoot White MTA (WMTA; Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Johnson City, TN, USA) was mixed with various additives, which included distilled water, 2.5% disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 5% calcium chloride (CaCl2; Merck). DPSC niches extracted from third molars were cultured directly on MTA in the culture medium. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4- sulphophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay. Cell growth and expression of odontoblastic differentiation markers (dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and collagen type 1 (COL1)) were determined using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis. Osteo-/odontogenic differentiation of DPSC niches was evaluated by measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP). Calcium deposition was assessed using von Kossa staining. The results were analysed statistically using Mann-Whitney tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MTA mixed with 5% CaCl2and 2.5% Na2HPO4exhibited optimal cell viability (P < 0.05) compared to MTA mixed with distilled water. MTA mixed with 5% CaCl2and 2.5% Na2HPO4significantly increased ALP activity (P < 0.05), significantly promoted mineralization nodule formation (P < 0.05) and significantly enhanced the mRNA expression level of the osteogenic/odontogenic markers (P < 0.05; DSPP and COL1) compared with MTA mixed with distilled water.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTA mixed with 5% CaCl2and 2.5% Na2HPO4was biocompatible with dental pulp stem cell niches. Accelerated-set MTA promoted better differentiation in DPSC niches than conventional MTA. The accelerators could provide an alternative to MTA mixed with distilled water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kulan
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karabiyik
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.|BIOMATEN Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, METU, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Kose
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kargul
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D009804:Odontoblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; C000624565:ProRoot MTA; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate
keywords: 
  MTA
  ; accelerators; biocompatibility; dental pulp stem cell niche; odontoblastic differentiation