title: Analysis of the karyotype structure inRicolla quadrispinosa(Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae).
abstract: The subfamily Harpactorinae is composed of six tribes. Phylogenetic studies bring together some of Harpactorinae tribes, but by and large the data on evolutionary relationships of the subfamily are scarce. Chromosome studies are of great importance for understanding the systematics of different groups of insects. For Harpactorinae, these studies are restricted to some subfamilies and involved only conventional chromosome analysis. This work analyzed cytogeneticallyRicolla quadrispinosa(Linneus, 1767). The chromosome number was determined as 2n = 24 + X1X2Y in males. In metaphase II the autosomal chromosomes were organized in a ring with the pseudo-trivalent of sex chromosomes in its center. After C-banding followed by staining with DAPI, AT-rich blocks in autosomes were observed and the negatively heteropycnotic sex chromosomes. The data obtained, together with existing data for other species of the group, indicated that different chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the evolution of the species. In addition, a proposal of karyotype evolution for the subfamily, based on existing phylogenetic studies for the group is presented.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Angélica Nunes
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Tiepo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Larissa Forim
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Pezenti
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Thayná Bisson
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Ferraz Lopes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Carlos Roberto Maximiano
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Jaqueline Fernanda
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Dionisio
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66075-110; PA, Brasil.
authors.forename: José Antônio Marin
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, Caixa Postal 6001, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Da Rosa
keywords: DAPI; chromosomal rearrangements; heterochromatin; holokinetic chromosomes; reproductive isolation; speciation