title: Management of Cerebral Radiation Necrosis: A Retrospective Study of 12 Patients.
abstract: Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN) is a severe complication of radiotherapy for cerebral pathologies. This study discusses the radiographic and pathological features of 12 patients with RN and investigates the management strategy.
  
  
  
  Eleven patients with brain tumors, and one with cerebral cavernous angioma, treated by surgical resection or Gamma Knife alone before radiotherapy developed RN during follow-up. Surgical resection for the cerebral RN was performed in nine patients, and the other three patients received medical treatment. The clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), surgical findings, and pathological sections are reviewed.
  
  
  
  The diagnosis of RN was confirmed by histological study in all the patients; those with surgical and medical treatment recovered.
  
  
  
  As a major complication of radiotherapy, from the clinical and neuroradiological points of view, RN may simulate tumor recurrence. Due to the increasing number of patients with RN who will need to be treated in future years, the definite diagnosis and appropriate treatment of RN remain critical.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, NO.1665 Shanghai Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chenlong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visocchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, NO.1665 Shanghai Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. zhangwench88@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Wenchuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, NO.1665 Shanghai Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, NO.1665 Shanghai Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenxiang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, NO.1665 Shanghai Kongjiang Road, Yangpu, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Pengfei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D054022:Cerebrum / Q000473:pathology*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005910:Glioma / Q000532:radiotherapy; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Brain tumor; Cavernous angioma; Cerebral radiation necrosis; Radiotherapy