title: Residential Surrounding Greenness, Self-Rated Health and Interrelations with Aspects of Neighborhood Environment and Social Relations.
abstract: Previous research suggests that green environments positively influence health. Several underlying mechanisms have been discussed; one of them is facilitation of social interaction. Further, greener neighborhoods may appear more aesthetic, contributing to satisfaction and well-being. Aim of this study was to analyze the association of residential surrounding greenness with self-rated health, using data from 4480 women and men aged 45-75 years that participated in the German population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. We further aimed to explore the relationships of greenness and self-rated health with the neighborhood environment and social relations. Surrounding greenness was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100 m around participants' residence. As a result, we found that with higher greenness, poor self-rated health decreased (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82-0.98; per 0.1 increase in NDVI), while neighborhood satisfaction (1.41, 1.23-1.61) and neighborhood social capital (1.22, 1.12-1.32) increased. Further, we observed inverse associations of neighborhood satisfaction (0.70, 0.52-0.94), perceived safety (0.36, 0.22-0.60), social satisfaction (0.43, 0.31-0.58), and neighborhood social capital (0.53, 0.44-0.64) with poor self-rated health. These results underline the importance of incorporating green elements into neighborhoods for health-promoting urban development strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany. ester.orban@uk-essen.de.
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orban
authors.affiliation: Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Robynne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutcliffe
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dragano
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jöckel
authors.affiliation: Centre for Urban Epidemiology (CUE), Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.|Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moebus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D010944:Plants; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057566:Self Report; D012931:Social Environment; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health
keywords: NDVI; Neighborhood satisfaction; Self-rated health; Social capital; Surrounding greenness