title: Nanoceramics on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue engineering.
abstract: Bone, a highly dynamic connective tissue, consist of a bioorganic phase comprising osteogenic cells and proteins which lies over an inorganic phase predominantly made of CaPO4(biological apatite). Injury to bone can be due to mechanical, metabolic or inflammatory agents also owing pathological conditions like fractures, osteomyelitis, osteolysis or cysts may arise in enameloid, chondroid, cementum, or chondroid bone which forms the intermediate tissues of the body. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) applies bioactive scaffolds, host cells and osteogenic signals for restoring damaged or diseased tissues. Various bioceramics used in BTE can be bioactive (like glass ceramics and hydroxyapatite bioactive glass), bioresorbable (like tricalcium phosphates) or bioinert (like zirconia and alumina). Limiting the size of these materials to nano-scale has resulted in a higher surface area to volume ratio thereby improving multi-functionality, solubility, surface catalytic activity, high heat and electrical conductivity. Nanoceramics have been found to induce osteoconduction, osteointegration, osteogenesis and osteoinduction. The present review aims at summarizing the interactions of nanoceramics and osteoblast/stem cells for promoting the proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblast cells by nanoceramics as superior bone substitutes in bone tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
authors.forename: Sai Nievethitha
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sethu
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
authors.forename: Subhapradha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Namashivayam
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, 61801 USA.
authors.forename: Saravanan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devendran
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
authors.forename: Selvamurugan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagarajan
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wei-Bor
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
authors.forename: Srinivasan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narashiman
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India.
authors.forename: Murugesan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603 103, India. Electronic address: moorthiibms@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Moorthi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ambigapathi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Bioactive ceramics; Bone tissue engineering; Nanoceramics; Osteoblast