title: Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity by Lactobacillus plantarum C88: A Potential Probiotic Strain Isolated from Chinese Traditional Fermented Food "Tofu".
abstract: In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Chinese traditional fermented foods to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and its subsequent detoxification mechanism. Among all the investigated L. plantarum strains, L. plantarum C88 showed the strongest AFB1 binding capacity in vitro, and was orally administered to mice with liver oxidative damage induced by AFB1. In the therapy groups, the mice that received L. plantarum C88, especially heat-killed L. plantarum C88, after a single dose of AFB1 exposure, showed an increase in unabsorbed AFB1 in the feces. Moreover, the effects of L. plantarum C88 on the enzymes and non-enzymes antioxidant abilities in serum and liver, histological alterations of liver were assayed. The results indicated that compared to the control group, L. plantarum C88 alone administration induced significant increase of antioxidant capacity, but did not induce any significant changes in the histological picture. Compared to the mice that received AFB1 only, L. plantarum C88 treatment could weaken oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and elevating the expression of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A3 through Nuclear factor erythroid (derived factor 2) related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) 1A2 and CYP 3A4 expression was inhibited by L. plantarum C88, and urinary aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine (AFB-N7-guanine), a AFB1 metabolite formed by CYP 1A2 and CYP 3A4, was significantly reduced by the presence of viable L. plantarum C88. Meanwhile, the significant improvements were showed in histological pictures of the liver tissues in mice orally administered with viable L. plantarum C88. Collectively, L. plantarum C88 may alleviate AFB1 toxicity by increasing fecal AFB1 excretion, reversing deficits in antioxidant defense systems and regulating the metabolism of AFB1.
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cuicui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Yujuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chunhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Agro-food Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Shengyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D019936:Probiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase