title: Synthesis and Biological Activities of Camphor Hydrazone and Imine Derivatives.
abstract: Both sonochemical and classical methodologies have been employed to convert camphor, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, C₉H16C=O, into a number of derivatives including hydrazones, C₉H16C=N-NHAr3, imines, C₉H16C=N-R7, and the key intermediate nitroimine, C₉H16C=N-NO₂6. Reactions of nitroamine6with nucleophiles by classical methods provided the desired compounds in a range of yields. In evaluations of activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis, compound7jexhibited the best activity (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 3.12 µg/mL), comparable to that of the antitubercular drug ethambutol. The other derivatives displayed modest antimycobacterial activities at 25-50 µg/mL. In in vitro tests against cancer cell lines, none of the synthesized camphor compounds exhibited cytotoxic activities.
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. esilva@far.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Emerson T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. adriele.cp2@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Adriele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: da Silva Araújo
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. m_drik@yahoo.com.br.
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. araujo.leidiane91@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Leidiane A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas (IPEC)Av. Brasil, 4365, Fiocruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. cristina.lourenco@ipec.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva Lourenço
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. marcos_souza@far.fiocruz.br.
authors.forename: Marcus V N
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.affiliation: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos Farmanguinhos, Rua Sizenando Nabuco, 100, Manguinhos 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. j.wardell@abdn.ac.uk.|Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB2 3UE, Scotland, UK. j.wardell@abdn.ac.uk.
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wardell
authors.affiliation: CHEMSOL, 1 Harcourt Road, Aberdeen AB15 5NY, Scotland, UK. solangewardell@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Solange M S V
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wardell
keywords: camphor; hydrazones; imines; sonochemistry; tuberculosis