title: Methodological Study to Develop Standard Operational Protocol on Oral Drug Administration for Children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop standard operational protocol (SOP) on oral drug administration and checklist to assess the implementation of the developed SOP.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective methodological study, SOPs were developed in five phases. In the first phase, the preliminary draft of SOPs and checklists were prepared based on literature review, assessment of current practices and focus group discussion (FGD) with bedside working nurses. In the second phase, content validity was checked with the help of Delphi technique (12 experts). Total four drafts were prepared in stages and necessary modifications were made as per suggestions after each Delphi round. Fourth Delphi round was performed after conducting a pilot study. In the fourth phase, all bedside nurses were trained as per SOPs and asked to practice accordingly and observation of thirty oral drug administrations in children was done to check reliability of checklists for implementation of SOPs. In Phase-V, 7 FGDs were conducted with bedside nurses to assess the effectiveness of SOPs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Content Validity Index (CVI) of SOP and checklists was 99.77%. Overall standardized Cronbach's alpha was calculated as 0.94. All the nurses felt that the SOP is useful.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Valid and feasible SOP for drug administration to children through oral route along with valid and reliable checklist were developed. It is recommended to use this document for drug administration to children.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Education, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, # 169, Sector 15 'A', Chandigarh, 160015, India. sunnniii@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sunil Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Bijarania
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Education, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, # 169, Sector 15 'A', Chandigarh, 160015, India.
authors.forename: Sushma Kumari
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Nursing Education, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, # 169, Sector 15 'A', Chandigarh, 160015, India.
authors.forename: Sukhwinder
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaur
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D057189:Checklist; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: CVI; Delphi-technique; FGD; SOP