title: Procalcitonin to guide antibiotic administration in COPD exacerbations: a meta-analysis.
abstract: Challenges in the differentiation of the aetiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have led to significant overuse of antibiotics. Serum procalcitonin, released in response to bacterial infections, but not viral infections, could possibly identify AECOPD requiring antibiotics. In this meta-analysis we assessed the clinical effectiveness of procalcitonin-based protocols to initiate or discontinue antibiotics in patients presenting with AECOPD.Based on a prospectively registered protocol, we reviewed the literature and selected randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing procalcitonin-based protocols to initiate or discontinue antibiotics versus standard care in AECOPD. We followed Cochrane and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidance to assess risk of bias, quality of evidence and to perform meta-analyses.We included eight trials evaluating 1062 patients with AECOPD. Procalcitonin-based protocols decreased antibiotic prescription (relative risk (RR) 0.56, 95% CI 0.43-0.73) and total antibiotic exposure (mean difference (MD) -3.83, 95% CI (-4.32--3.35)), without affecting clinical outcomes such as rate of treatment failure (RR 0.81, 0.62-1.06), length of hospitalisation (MD -0.76, -1.95-0.43), exacerbation recurrence rate (RR 0.96, 0.69-1.35) or mortality (RR 0.99, 0.58-1.69). However, the quality of the available evidence is low to moderate, because of methodological limitations and small overall study population.Procalcitonin-based protocols appear to be clinically effective; however, confirmatory trials with rigorous methodology are required.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mathioudakis
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Department, General Hospital of Nikaia St Panteleimon, Piraeus, Greece.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu", Chisinau, Moldova.
authors.forename: Alexandru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corlateanu
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK Jorgen.Vestbo@manchester.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vestbo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000097:blood*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010359:Patient Readmission; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D002116:Calcitonin