title: Management of Adrenal Masses.
abstract: An adrenal mass can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic in the form of adrenal incidentalomas (AIs) in up to 8 % in autopsy and 4 % in imaging series. Once a diagnosis of adrenal mass is made, we need to differentiate whether it is functioning or nonfunctioning, benign, or malignant. In this article, we provide a literature review of the diagnostic workup including biochemical evaluation and imaging characteristics of the different pathologies. We also discuss the surgical strategies with laparoscopy as the mainstay with partial adrenalectomy in select cases and adrenalectomy in large masses. Follow-up protocol of AIs and adrenocortical carcinoma is also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal transplantation, Rajagiri Hospital, Munnar Rd Chunagamvely Aluva, Kochi, Kerala 683112 India.
authors.forename: Hattangadi Sanjay
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita lane elmakkara, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India.
authors.forename: Balagopal Nair
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Tiyadath
keywords: Adenoma; Adrenal cancer; Adrenal incidentaloma; Adrenocortical; Pheochromocytoma