title: Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra in Women: Distinctive MRI Findings for Differentiation From Nonadenocarcinoma and Non-Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Urethra.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MRI findings differentiating clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra (CCAU) from nonadenocarcinoma of the urethra (NACU) and non-clear cell adenocarcinoma of the urethra (NCCAU) in women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six women with pathologically proven CCAU, six women with pathologically confirmed NACU (two squamous cell carcinomas and four transitional cell carcinomas), and nine women with NCCAU underwent preoperative MRI. The MRI findings for CCAU, NACU, and NCCAU were reviewed by a radiologist who was blinded to the histopathologic findings and were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Fisher exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CCAU was shorter in height than NACU (3.4 cm vs 5.5 cm; p = 0.020) and also had a smaller height-to-width ratio than NACU (0.85 vs 1.51; p < 0.001) and NCCAU (0.85 vs 1.48; p = 0.002). The proportion of preserved urethra in CCAU (67%) was larger than that in either NACU (9%; p < 0.001) or NCCAU (22%; p < 0.001). All cases of CCAU originated within a diverticulum, whereas none of the cases of NACU and only one NCCAU originated in a diverticulum. Intratumoral septation was more frequently observed in CCAU (100%) than in NACU (16.6%; p = 0.015) or NCCAU (11.1%; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI findings for CCAU were significantly distinctive, compared with findings for NACU and NCCAU. All cases of CCAU were associated with a urethral diverticulum, and CCAU had a lower height-to-width ratio, more frequent intratumoral septation, and greater preservation of normal urethra than did NACU and NCCAU.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Hyung
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|2 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sang Youn
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.affiliation: 4 Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Joongyub
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|2 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Yeon
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.|2 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Hyup
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014523:Urethral Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
keywords: MRI; cancers; clear cell adenocarcinomas; differential diagnosis; urethra