title: The effect of feed supplementation with zinc chelate and zinc sulphate on selected humoral and cell-mediated immune parameters and cytokine concentration in broiler chickens.
abstract: The ability of poultry to withstand infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses or protozoa depends upon the integrity of the immune system. Zinc is important for proper functioning of heterophils, mononuclear phagocytes and T lymphocytes. Numerous data indicate that the demand for zinc in poultry is not met in Poland due to its low content in feeds of vegetable origin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementation of inorganic (ZnSO4and ZnSO4+phytase enzyme), and organic forms of zinc (Zn with glycine and Zn with glycine and phytase enzyme) on selected parameters of the cellular and humoral immune response in broiler chickens by evaluating the percentage of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD25+, MHC Class II, and BU-1+lymphocytes, the phagocytic activity of monocytes and heterophils, and the concentration of IL-2, IL-10 and TNF-α in the peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to determine selected cell-mediated immune response parameters. Phagocytic activity in whole blood was performed using the commercial Phagotest kit (ORPEGEN-Pharma, Immuniq, Poland). The results showed that supplementation with zinc chelates causes activation of the cellular and humoral immune response in poultry, helping to maintain the balance between the Th1 and Th2 response and enhancing resistance to infections. In contrast with chelates, the use of zinc in the form of sulphates has no immunomodulatory effect and may contribute to the development of local inflammatory processes in the digestive tract, increasing susceptibility to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland. Electronic address: lukasz.jarosz@up.lublin.pl.
authors.forename: Łukasz
authors.initials: Ł
authors.lastname: Jarosz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; Department of Veterinary Prevention and Avian Diseases, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marek
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Grądzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland; Faculty of Biology and Animal Breeding, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kwiecień
authors.affiliation: Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalinowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D056724:Immunity, Humoral / Q000187:drug effects*; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Chicken; Cytokine expression; Flow cytometry; Phagocytic activity; Zinc chelate