title: Antioxidant Pre-Treatment Reduces the Toxic Effects of Oxalate on Renal Epithelial Cells in a Cell Culture Model of Urolithiasis.
abstract: Urolithiasis is characterized by the formation and retention of solid crystals within the urinary tract. Kidney stones are mostly composed of calcium oxalate, which predominantly generates free radicals that are toxic to renal tubular cells. The aim of the study is to explore possible effects of antioxidant pre-treatment on inhibition of oxidative stress. Three cell lines were used as in vitro model of urolithiasis: MDCK I, MDCK II and LLC-PK1. Oxidative stress was induced by exposure of cells to sodium oxalate in concentration of 8 mM. In order to prevent oxidative stress, cells were pre-treated with three different concentrations of l-arginine and vitamin E. Oxidative stress was evaluated by determining the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), osteopontin (OPN), and by the concentration of glutathione (GSH). In all three cell lines, pre-treatment of antioxidants increased cell survival. Positive correlation of SOD and OPN expression as well as GSH concentration was observed in all groups of cells. Our results indicate that an antioxidant pre-treatment with l-arginine and vitamin E is able to hamper oxalate-induced oxidative stress in kidney epithelial cells and as such could play a role in prevention of urolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. tomislavkizivat@gmail.com.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. tomislavkizivat@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kizivat
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. martina.smolic@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smolić
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. Ivana.Maric@mefos.hr.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. Ivana.Maric@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. mtolusic@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tolušić Levak
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. robert.smolic@mefos.hr.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. robert.smolic@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smolić
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. ibcurcic@mefos.hr.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. ibcurcic@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bilić Čurčić
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. kunalucija@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Lucija
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kuna
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. imihaljevic@mefos.hr.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. imihaljevic@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mihaljević
authors.affiliation: Clinical Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia. avcev@mefos.hr.|Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. avcev@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Aleksandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Včev
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, HR-3100 Osijek, Croatia. atucak@mefos.hr.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tucak-Zorić
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D053495:Osteopontin / Q000378:metabolism; D010070:Oxalates / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010070:Oxalates; D053495:Osteopontin; D014810:Vitamin E; D001120:Arginine; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione
keywords: ">l-arginine; LLC-PK1 cells; Madin-Darby canine kidney cells; urolithiasis; vitamin E