title: Exploratory Study of the Influence of Posture and Hand Task on Corticomotor Excitability of Upper Extremity Muscles After Stroke.
abstract: To explore the interaction between postural stability and hand task on the corticospinal excitability (CE) of upper extremity muscles and how it is affected by lesion location.
  
  
  
  Cross-sectional explorative survey.
  
  
  
  Inpatient rehabilitation center.
  
  
  
  Participants (N=81) were neurologically healthy subjects (volunteer sample, n=36) and patients with stroke (convenience sample, n=45; mean time since stroke, 45d), stratified according to lesion location: pure subcortical strokes (n=25) and strokes with cortical involvement (n=20).
  
  
  
  Not applicable.
  
  
  
  Motor-evoked potentials were recorded simultaneously from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle and biceps brachii (BB) during rest and during low and forceful activation of the FDI in 4 different postural positions (supine, sitting, sitting unsupported, standing) and compared.
  
  
  
  Posture modulated CE of the FDI and BB during performance of a motor task but not at rest. The influence of postural position on CE of the FDI depended on force demand and lesion location: the control and subcortical stroke group demonstrated significantly higher CE of the FDI when performing the forceful task in the supine and stable sitting positions, respectively, compared with standing. In contrast, the cortical stroke group exhibited significantly higher CE of the FDI when performing the low-force task in a stable sitting position compared with standing.
  
  
  
  Posture influences CE of the FDI and BB in healthy subjects and patients with stroke differentially depending on hand task, but not at rest. A stable sitting posture increased excitability of the FDI in patients with stroke. These findings imply that hand rehabilitation protocols may be influenced by posture.
authors.affiliation: NRZ Neurological Rehabilitation Center, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany. Electronic address: renner@sachsenklinik.de.
authors.forename: Caroline I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.affiliation: NRZ Neurological Rehabilitation Center, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany.
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.affiliation: NRZ Neurological Rehabilitation Center, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany.
authors.forename: Ricarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: NRZ Neurological Rehabilitation Center, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany.
authors.forename: Balazs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lukats
authors.affiliation: NRZ Neurological Rehabilitation Center, University of Leipzig, Bennewitz, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hummelsheim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Paresis; Posture; Rehabilitation; Stroke; Transcranial magnetic stimulation