title: Effects of Quercetin Treatment on Epithelium-derived Cytokines and Epithelial Cell Apoptosis in Allergic Airway Inflammation Mice Model.
abstract: Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid which has anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of quercetin on histopathological aspects and airway epithelium in  allergic airway  inflammation mice model. Twenty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (control), Group II (untreated mice with allergic airway inflammation), Group III (allergic airway inflammation quercetin-treated [16mg/kg/day]), Group IV (allergic airway inflammation dexamethasone-treated [1mg/kg/day]). Ovalbumin was administered intraperitoneally and via inhalation to achieve allergic airway inflammation mice model and treatments were also given intraperitoneally. Epithelium thickness, subepithelial smooth muscle thickness, number of mast and goblet cells, and basement membrane thickness were examined on samples isolated from lung. Immunohistochemical evaluationof lung tissues was performed using  IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases(caspase)-3 antibodies. IL-4, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP were quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and OVAspecific IgE levels was measured in serum by standard ELISA protocols. IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and cysteine-dependent aspartate-specific proteases (caspase)-3. Quercetin treatment led to lower epithelial thickness, subepithelial smooth muscle thickness, goblet and mast cell numbers compared to untreated  mice with allergic airway inflammation (p<0.05). However, quercetin treatment was not effective on improving basal membane thickness. Immunohistochemical scores of IL-25, IL-33, TSLP, caspase-3 and TUNEL were lower in quercetin-treated mice  t compared to untreated mice with allergic airway inflammation (p<0.05). IL-4, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP levels in BAL and OVA-specific IgE in serum were lower in quercetin treated mice compared to untreated mice (p<0.05). These findings suggest that quercetin improves chronic histopathological changes except basal membrane thickness in lung tissue and its beneficial effects on inflammation might be related to modulating epithelium derived cytokines and epithelial apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Sule
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caglayan Sozmen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karaman
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cilaker Micili
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Sakine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute (iBG-izmir), Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alper
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bagriyanik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Zeynep
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arikan Ayyildiz
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uzuner
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Anal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,  Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir,Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozkan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karaman
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D007114:Immunization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007249:Inflammation; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D007378:Interleukins / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; C506535:Il33 protein, mouse; D000067596:Interleukin-33; D007378:Interleukins; C442281:Mydgf protein, mouse; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010047:Ovalbumin; D011794:Quercetin; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D000094632:Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin; C000721967:TSLP protein, mouse
keywords: Allergic airway inflammation; Antiinflammatory effects; Mouse model; Quercetin