title: Strategies for Combating Opioid-Induced Constipation: Targeted Mechanisms to Maintain Pain Control Without Compromise.
abstract: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common side effect of opioid use and can occur from the outset of opioid therapy (Online access: http://courses.elseviercme.com/aapmr2016/638e). OIC has been reported to interfere with pain management, increase health care costs, decrease work productivity and daily activities, and significantly affect patient quality of life. It can also lead to bowel obstruction. Assessing and managing OIC is important for establishing maximum function for patients. Several pharmacologic approaches, with different mechanisms of action, are available or in development.
authors.affiliation: Medical Director, The Pain Center of Fairfield, Fairfield, Connecticut, Associate Director, Chronic Pain and Addiction, Silver Hill Hospital, New Canaan, Connecticut.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Medical Director, Swedish Pain Services, Medical Director, Occupational Medicine Services, Swedish Health System, Seattle, Washington.
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Stanos
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003248:Constipation / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid