title: Aniseikonia in various retinal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to quantify and compare the severity of aniseikonia in patients undergoing vitrectomy for various retinal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 357 patients with retinal disorders including epiretinal membrane (ERM), macular hole (MH), cystoid macular edema with branch / central retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-CME / CRVO-CME), diabetic macular edema (DME), macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (M-off RD), and macula-on RD (M-on RD) as well as 31 normal controls. The amount of aniseikonia was measured using the New Aniseikonia Test preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all patients, 59% presented aniseikonia. Preoperative and postoperative mean aniseikonia were 4.0 ± 4.1% and 3.0 ± 3.6%, respectively. In particular, 68% of patients with ERM had macropsia, and approximately half of MH, RVO-CME, DME, and M-off RD patients had micropsia. Preoperative aniseikonia was significantly severe in ERM than in other disorders. Vitrectomy improved aniseikonia only in MH, while visual acuity was improved in all disorders except CRVO-CME.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More than half of the patients showed aniseikonia preoperatively. A majority of ERM patients exhibited macropsia, whereas MH, RVO-CME, DME, and macula-off RD patients presented micropsia. The aniseikonia score was greatest in ERM patients. In most retinal disorders, surgery significantly improved visual acuity, but not aniseikonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. fumiki-o@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Fumiki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oshika
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000839:Aniseikonia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
keywords: Aniseikonia; Macropsia; Micropsia; Retinal disorders; Vitrectomy