title: Associations of Calcium and Milk Product Intakes with Incident, Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas.
abstract: Calcium intake has been consistently, modestly inversely associated with colorectal neoplasms, and supplemental calcium reduced adenoma recurrence in clinical trials. Milk products are the major source of dietary calcium in the United States, but their associations with colorectal neoplasms are unclear. Data pooled from three colonoscopy-based case-control studies of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma (n = 807 cases, 2,185 controls) were analyzed using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Residuals from linear regression models of milk with dietary calcium were estimated as the noncalcium, insulin-like growth factor 1-containing component of milk. For total, dietary, and supplemental calcium intakes, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing the highest to the lowest intake quintiles were 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-1.30), 0.86 (CI 0.62-1.20), and 0.99 (CI 0.77-1.27), respectively. The corresponding ORs for consumption of total milk products, total milk, nonfat milk, total milk product residuals, and nonfat milk residuals were, respectively, 0.99, 0.90, 0.92, 0.94, and 0.95; all CIs included 1.0. For those who consumed any whole milk relative to those who consumed none, the OR was 1.15 (CI 0.89-1.49). These results are consistent with previous findings of modest inverse associations of calcium intakes with colorectal adenoma, but suggest that milk products may not be associated with adenoma.
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.
authors.forename: Caroline Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Um
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.|c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fedirko
authors.affiliation: b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.|c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.
authors.forename: W Dana
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.affiliation: a Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Program, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.|b Department of Epidemiology , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.|c Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , USA.
authors.forename: Roberd M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bostick
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary