title: Distinct mechanisms mediate speed-accuracy adjustments in cortico-subthalamic networks.
abstract: Optimal decision-making requires balancing fast but error-prone and more accurate but slower decisions through adjustments of decision thresholds. Here, we demonstrate two distinct correlates of such speed-accuracy adjustments by recording subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity and electroencephalography in 11 Parkinson's disease patients during a perceptual decision-making task; STN low-frequency oscillatory (LFO) activity (2-8 Hz), coupled to activity at prefrontal electrode Fz, and STN beta activity (13-30 Hz) coupled to electrodes C3/C4 close to motor cortex. These two correlates differed not only in their cortical topography and spectral characteristics but also in the relative timing of recruitment and in their precise relationship with decision thresholds. Increases of STN LFO power preceding the response predicted increased thresholds only after accuracy instructions, while cue-induced reductions of STN beta power decreased thresholds irrespective of instructions. These findings indicate that distinct neural mechanisms determine whether a decision will be made in haste or with caution.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Damian M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herz
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8038-3029
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John-Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Brittain
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5585-8977
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Binith
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cheeran
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Alexander L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Tipu Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Keyoumars
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashkan
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Little
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foltynie
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Limousin
authors.affiliation: Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ludvic
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zrinzo
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rafal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bogacz
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.|Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5201-3044
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: decision thresholds; human; neuroscience; speed-accuracy tradeoff; subthalamic nucleus