title: Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 against oxygen-glucose-deprivation-induced apoptosis in neural stem cells.
abstract: Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) causes neural damages through stroke-induced ischemia. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been shown to alleviate ischemia-induced neural damages. However, ischemia reduces NSC survival. Ginsenoside Rg1 exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects, and repairs brain injury-related neural damages. We aimed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rg1 could prevent NSCs from OGD insult. Using multiple techniques, we explored neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on OGD-insulted NSCs. 6h treatment of OGD most significantly decreased NSC viability, and 10-20μM ginsenoside Rg1 efficiently protected NSCs against OGD insult. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining results confirmed that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly reduced the OGD-induced apoptosis in NSCs. OGD-insulted NSCs with ginsenoside Rg1 treatment displayed reduced expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins cleaved Caspase3 and Bax, and elevated expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 than the NSCs with OGD insult. Moreover, ginsenoside Rg1 reduced OGD-induced oxidative stress, and inhibited the expression of p-p38 and p-JNK2. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects NSCs against OGD-induced cell apoptosis through regulating the expression of apoptotic signal proteins. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates OGD-induced oxidative stress and inhibits p38/JNK2 phosphorylation in NSCs. Our study provides solid evidence for neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and reveals the underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Meitan General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China.
authors.forename: Yiwen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Meitan General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Suo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Meitan General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Meitan General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China.
authors.forename: Huiyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, China Meitan General Hospital, Xibahenanli 29, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100028, China. Electronic address: xuewenxinbj@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenxin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency*; D051379:Mice; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C052617:Bcl2 protein, mouse; D048056:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 9; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D005947:Glucose; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1
keywords: Anti-oxidative; Ginsenoside Rg1; Neural stem cells; Neuroprotective; Oxygen-glucose deprivation