title: Topical Airway Anesthesia for Awake-endoscopic Intubation Using the Spray-as-you-go Technique with High Oxygen Flow.
abstract: A patient's willingness to cooperate is an absolute precondition for successful awake intubation of the trachea. Whilst drug-sedation of patients can jeopardize their spontaneous breathing, topical anesthesia of the airway is a popular technique. The spray-as-you-go technique represents one of the simplest opportunities to anesthetize the airway mucosa. The application of local anesthetic through the working channel of the flexible endoscope is a widespread practice for anesthetists as well as pulmonologists. There is neither need for additional devices nor special training as a pre-requisite to perform this technique. However, a known clinical problem is the coughing and gagging reflex that may occur when the liquid anesthetic strikes the airway mucosa and other sensitive structures like the vocal cords. This can be avoided by the use of oxygen applied through the working channel with the aim of fogging the local anesthetic into finer particles. Furthermore, the oxygen flow provides a higher oxygen supply and contributes to a better view, dispersing mucus secretions and blood away from the lens. Using an atomizer with a high oxygen flow of 10 L/min we maximized these benefits, caused less coughing and had more satisfied and therefore cooperative patients. Possible, but very rare complications of using oxygen flow including gastric insufflation, organ rupture or barotrauma did not arise. We attribute the complication-free use of high oxygen flow to the design of the set, which permits flow and pressure release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pirlich
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University.
authors.forename: Jana A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lohse
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University; noppens@posteo.de.
authors.forename: Rüdiger R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Noppens
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D010100:Oxygen