title: Longitudinal impairment of lung function in school-age children with extremely low birth weights.
abstract: To assess lung function and long-term respiratory outcomes in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) survivors.
  
  
  
  ELBW, especially with respiratory complications in the neonatal period, affects lung function at a later age.
  
  
  
  Longitudinal retrospective study.
  
  
  
  Lung function was evaluated in 89 ELBW survivors (at ages 8 and 12) with or without a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or a bubbly/cystic lung appearance in the neonatal period.
  
  
  
  FVC, FEV1, FEF50, and FEF75were measured using spirometry. Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare lung function and deterioration time course from 8 to 12 years of age.
  
  
  
  Lung function variables were significantly and positively correlated between 8 and 12 years: %FVC (R2= 0.558), %FEV1(R2= 0.539), %FEF50(R2= 0.412), and %FEF75(R2= 0.429). Lung function values were lower than Japanese reference values, especially in children with a history of severe BPD or a bubbly/cystic appearance. %FEV1and FEV1/FVC ratio worsened from 8 to 12 years of age: 83.0 ± 17.0% versus 76.6 ± 17.8% (mean difference, 95%CI: -6.43, -9.10 to -3.75) and 84.0 ± 10.1% versus 78.2 ± 13.4% (mean difference, 95%CI: -5.82, -8.56 to -3.08), regardless of whether or not there was a history of neonatal respiratory disease.
  
  
  
  In ELBW survivors, the obstructive pattern of lung function impairment deteriorated from 8 to 12 years of age, independent of the presence of severe BPD or bubbly/cystic appearance in the neonatal period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Izumi, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005540:Forced Expiratory Flow Rates; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D052577:Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity
keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; chronic lung disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; extremely preterm infant; spirometry