title: A "healthy diet-optimal sleep" lifestyle pattern is inversely associated with liver stiffness and insulin resistance in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: Several lifestyle habits have been described as risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Given that both healthy and unhealthy habits tend to cluster, the aim of this study was to identify lifestyle patterns and explore their potential associations with clinical characteristics of individuals with NAFLD. One hundred and thirty-six consecutive patients with ultrasound-proven NAFLD were included. Diet and physical activity level were assessed through appropriate questionnaires. Habitual night sleep hours and duration of midday naps were recorded. Optimal sleep duration was defined as sleep hours ≥ 7 and ≤ 9 h/day. Lifestyle patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Eight components were derived explaining 67% of total variation of lifestyle characteristics. Lifestyle pattern 3, namely high consumption of low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fish, and optimal sleep duration was negatively associated with insulin resistance (β = -1.66, P = 0.008) and liver stiffness (β = -1.62, P = 0.05) after controlling for age, sex, body mass index, energy intake, smoking habits, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Lifestyle pattern 1, namely high consumption of full-fat dairy products, refined cereals, potatoes, red meat, and high television viewing time was positively associated with insulin resistance (β = 1.66, P = 0.005), although this association was weakened after adjusting for adiponectin and tumor necrosis factor-α. A "healthy diet-optimal sleep" lifestyle pattern was beneficially associated with insulin resistance and liver stiffness in NAFLD patients independent of body weight status and energy intake.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou str, 176 71, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Christina N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Katsagoni
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Papatheodoridis
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria-Vasiliki
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Panagiota
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ioannidou
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexopoulou
authors.affiliation: b Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital of Athens, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou str, 176 71, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fragopoulou
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou str, 176 71, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Meropi D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kontogianni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D000072001:Diet, Healthy; D002149:Energy Intake; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008019:Life Style; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: NAFLD; diet; insulin resistance; insulinorésistance; lifestyle pattern; modes de vie; régime alimentaire; sleep; sommeil