title: Effect of application rate and irrigation on the movement and dissipation of indaziflam.
abstract: Indaziflam is a new preemergence herbicide for the control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds in various cropping systems including pecan orchards. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the mobility and dissipation of indaziflam and (2) evaluate herbicide efficacy in a flood-irrigated pecan orchard in southern New Mexico, USA. Indaziflam was applied at 0, 36.5, and 73.1g/ha in areas with (impacted) and without (unimpacted) tree injury symptoms. Soil samples were collected at 0-15, 15-30, and 30-46cm depths 26, 63, 90, and 126days after the first herbicide application. Additional soil samples were collected 4, 30, and 56days after the second application. Indaziflam was detected in soil samples collected at each depth, suggesting movement with irrigation water. Indaziflam concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth and time. Indaziflam mass recoveries were greater in the unimpacted area than in the impacted area after the first and second applications. Dissipation half-lives of indaziflam in the soil ranged from 30 to 86days for total indaziflam recovered from the entire soil profile after the first and second applications in both areas. The percent weed control was similar in the impacted and unimpacted areas for both rates of indaziflam on 26 and 63days after application; however, on 90days after the application, percent weed control was lower in the impacted than unimpacted area.
authors.affiliation: Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA. Electronic address: amgonz4@nmsu.edu.
authors.forename: Amir M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: González-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Plant and Environmental Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA.
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA.
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashigh
authors.affiliation: Bayer CropScience LP, Field Development-Southern, Idalou, TX 79329, USA.
authors.forename: Russ
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Perkins
mesh_terms: D057914:Agricultural Irrigation / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D007192:Indenes / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007192:Indenes; C571026:N-(2,3-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-1H-inden-1-yl)-6-(1-fluoroethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014227:Triazines
keywords: Dissipation; Half-life; Indaziflam; Persistence; Soil properties; Sorption