title: A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice.
abstract: The brown planthopper (BPH)Nilaparvata lugensis one of the most destructive insect pests on rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. After landing on plants, BPH rapidly accesses plant phloem and sucks the phloem sap through unknown mechanisms. We discovered a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase (NlEG1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C and is secreted into rice plants by BPHNlEG1is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut. SilencingNlEG1decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants. By contrast,NlEG1silencing had only a small effect on the survival rate of BPH raised on artificial diet. Moreover, NlEG1 secreted by BPH did not elicit the production of the defense-related signal molecules salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in rice, although wounding plus the application of the recombination protein NlEG1 did slightly enhance the levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in plants compared with the corresponding controls. These data suggest that NlEG1 enables the BPH's stylet to reach the phloem by degrading celluloses in plant cell walls, thereby functioning as an effector that overcomes the plant cell wall defense in rice.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Hongdan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jiamei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5714-7586
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Heng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Haixin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jiancai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China yglou@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yonggen
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3262-6134
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D003517:Cyclopentanes / Q000378:metabolism; D044644:Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000469:parasitology*; D054883:Oxylipins / Q000378:metabolism; D052585:Phloem / Q000469:parasitology; D010802:Phylogeny; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000201:enzymology; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D003517:Cyclopentanes; D019476:Insect Proteins; D054883:Oxylipins; C011006:jasmonic acid; D002482:Cellulose; D044644:Endo-1,3(4)-beta-Glucanase