title: Helicobacter pylori-Mediated Genetic Instability and Gastric Carcinogenesis.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori infection is the most important cause of human gastric cancer worldwide. Gastric cancer develops over a long time after H. pylori infection via stepwise accumulation of genetic alterations and positive selection of cells with growth advantages. H. pylori itself and the resultant chronic inflammation lead to the emergence of genetic alterations in gastric epithelial cells via increased susceptibility of these cells to DNA damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in inflammatory and gastric epithelial cells, as well as the expression of cytidine deaminase in gastric epithelial cells, may link H. pylori-related inflammation and DNA damage. Recent comprehensive analyses of gastric cancer genomes provide clues for the possible molecular mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we describe how genetic alterations emerge during gastric carcinogenesis related to H. pylori infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. chiba@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawara-Cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marusawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D063646:Carcinogenesis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D042822:Genomic Instability; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
keywords: AID; DNA repair; RNS; ROS