title: [Update on antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive bacteria].
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive bacteria, especially in Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a serious threat to public health. These microorganisms have multiple resistance mechanisms to agents currently used in clinical practice. Many of these resistance mechanisms are common to all 4 of these bacterial species, but other mechanisms seem to be more specific. The prevalence and dissemination of these mechanisms varies considerably, depending on the microorganism. This review discusses the resistance mechanisms to the most clinically relevant antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the new mechanisms described for widely used antibiotics and for newer agents such as lipopeptides, lipoglycopeptides, glycylcyclines and oxazolidinones.
authors.affiliation: Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, España; Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, España.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.affiliation: Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de La Rioja, Logroño, España; Área de Microbiología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, España. Electronic address: carmen.torres@unirioja.es.
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects
keywords: Dalbavancin; Dalbavancina; Enterococos resistentes a la vancomicina; Glucopéptidos; Glycopeptides; Lipoglucopéptidos; Lipoglycopeptides; Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microorganismos Gram positivos; Multiresistant Gram-positive; Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina; Vancomycin-resistant enterococci; microorganisms; multirresistentes