title: Nanoparticulate strategies for the treatment of polyglutamine diseases by halting the protein aggregation process.
abstract: Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a class of neurodegenerative disorders that cause cellular dysfunction and, eventually, neuronal death in specific regions of the brain. Neurodegeneration is linked to the misfolding and aggregation of expanded polyQ-containing proteins, and their inhibition is one of major therapeutic strategies used commonly. However, successful treatment has been limited to date because of the intrinsic properties of therapeutic agents (poor water solubility, low bioavailability, poor pharmacokinetic properties), and difficulty in crossing physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In order to solve these problems, nanoparticulate systems with dimensions of 1-1000 nm able to incorporate small and macromolecules with therapeutic value, to protect and deliver them directly to the brain, have recently been developed, but their use for targeting polyQ disease-mediated protein misfolding and aggregation remains scarce. This review provides an update of the polyQ protein aggregation process and the development of therapeutic strategies for halting it. The main features that a nanoparticulate system should possess in order to enhance brain delivery are discussed, as well as the different types of materials utilized to produce them. The final part of this review focuses on the potential application of nanoparticulate system strategies to improve the specific and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain for the treatment of polyQ diseases.
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico.
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Escalona-Rayo
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico.
authors.forename: Paulina
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Vázquez
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Connective Tissue , CENIAQ, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leyva-Gómez
authors.affiliation: c Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology , CINVESTAV-IPN , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Bulmaro
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.affiliation: d División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico.
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villalobos
authors.affiliation: e Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics , Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra , Mexico City , Mexico.
authors.forename: Jonathan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Magaña
authors.affiliation: a Laboratorio de Investigación y Posgrado en Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) , Cuautitlán Izcalli , Mexico.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quintanar-Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010455:Peptides
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; C097188:polyglutamine
keywords: PolyQ diseases; blood–brain barrier; brain; nanoparticulate systems; nanotechnology; protein aggregation; therapeutic agents