title: Long-term and realistic global change manipulations had low impact on diversity of soil biota in temperate heathland.
abstract: In a dry heathland ecosystem we manipulated temperature (warming), precipitation (drought) and atmospheric concentration of CO2in a full-factorial experiment in order to investigate changes in below-ground biodiversity as a result of future climate change. We investigated the responses in community diversity of nematodes, enchytraeids, collembolans and oribatid mites at two and eight years of manipulations. We used a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach analyzing the three manipulations, soil moisture and temperature, and seven soil biological and chemical variables. The analysis revealed a persistent and positive effect of elevated CO2on litter C:N ratio. After two years of treatment, the fungi to bacteria ratio was increased by warming, and the diversities within oribatid mites, collembolans and nematode groups were all affected by elevated CO2mediated through increased litter C:N ratio. After eight years of treatment, however, the CO2-increased litter C:N ratio did not influence the diversity in any of the four fauna groups. The number of significant correlations between treatments, food source quality, and soil biota diversities was reduced from six to three after two and eight years, respectively. These results suggest a remarkable resilience within the soil biota against global climate change treatments in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.|Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Holmstrup
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damgaard
authors.affiliation: Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Inger K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Arndal
authors.affiliation: Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Atmospheric Environment, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Teis N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Mikkelsen
authors.affiliation: Section for Geography, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambus
authors.affiliation: Section for Forest, Nature and Biomass, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Klaus S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Engineering, Atmospheric Environment, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilegaard
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michelsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 460, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Louise C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.|Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Merian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haugwitz
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lasse
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bergmark
authors.affiliation: Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Priemé
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff Ring 26-32 (IFZ), 35392 Giessen, Germany.|A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt, 33, Moscow 119071, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Andrey S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zaitsev
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.|Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, Dragan Tzankov 8, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors.forename: Slavka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Georgieva
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dam
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vestergård
authors.affiliation: Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Christensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D058448:Biota; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D057231:Climate Change; D055864:Droughts; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D012987:Soil; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012987:Soil; D002245:Carbon Dioxide