title: Effect of geraniol on rat cardiomyocytes and its potential use as a cardioprotective natural compound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the ischaemic myocardium especially during early reperfusion and affect myocardial function and viability. Monoterpenes have been proposed to play beneficial roles in diverse physiological systems; however, the mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. This study aims to assess the effect of monoterpene geraniol (GOH) on neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVCs) subjected to oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an in vitro model of hypoxia-reoxygenation. Cardioprotective (AMPK) and cardiotoxic (ERK1/2, ROS) signaling indicators were measured. Assays were performed by fluorogenic probes, MTT assays and Western-blots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We determined that the addition of GOH (5-200μM) to cultured normoxic and hypoxic-NRVCs diminished the endogenous production of ROS in stressed cardiomyocytes. We observed that GOH treatment increased pAMPK levels and decreased pERK1/2 levels in cultured NRVCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report suggests that GOH is a candidate cardioprotective natural compound that operates by blunting the oxidative stress signaling that is normally induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation.
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Argentina. Electronic address: rcrespo@med.unlp.edu.ar.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.affiliation: Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy & Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: INIBIOLP "Prof. Dr. Rodolfo R. Brenner" (CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad Ciencias Médicas, UNLP, Argentina.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodenak-Kladniew
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, CA 94305, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mercola
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, CA 94305, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Lozano
authors.affiliation: Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hurtado
mesh_terms: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D001688:Biological Products; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013729:Terpenes; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C007836:geraniol
keywords: Cardioprotection; Geraniol; Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; Oxidative stress