title: Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Wild Ganoderma Species from Ghana.
abstract: The chemical characterization and antioxidant potential of twelve wild strains ofGanodermasp. from Ghana, nine (LS1-LS9) of which were found growing wild simultaneously on the same dyingDelonix regiatree, were evaluated. Parameters evaluated included the nutritional value, composition in sugars, fatty acids, phenolic and other organic compounds and some vitamins and vitamin precursors. Antioxidant potential was evaluated by investigating reducing power, radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition using five in vitro assays. Protein, carbohydrate, fat, ash and energy contents ranged between 15.7-24.5 g/100 g·dw, 73.31-81.90 g/100 g, 0.48-1.40 g/100 g, 0.68-2.12 g/100 g ash and 396.1-402.02 kcal/100 g, respectively. Fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic and palmitic acids were relatively abundant. Free sugars included rhamnose, fructose, mannitol, sucrose and trehalose. Total tocopherols, organic acids and phenolic compounds' content ranged between 741-3191 µg/100 g, 77-1003 mg/100 g and 7.6-489 µg/100 g, respectively. There were variations in the β-glucans, ergosterol and vitamin D₂ contents. The three major minerals in decreasing order were K > P > S.Ganodermasp. strain AM1 showed the highest antioxidant activity. This study reveals, for the first time, chemical characteristics ofGanodermaspp. which grew simultaneously on the same tree.
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana. obodaime@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obodai
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana. lnarh@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Deborah L Narh
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mensah
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal. afeitor@ipb.pt.
authors.forename: Ângela
authors.initials: Â
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana. nii_korley_1@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Nii Korley
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kortei
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana. matildadela@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dzomeku
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. teegarden.3@buckeyemail.osu.edu.
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teegarden
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. schwartz.177@osu.edu.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal. lillian@ipb.pt.|Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1134, Bragança 5301-857, Portugal. lillian@ipb.pt.
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana. juanita_luv06@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prempeh
authors.affiliation: CSIR-Food Research Institute, Mycology Unit, P.O. Box M20, Accra, Ghana. rtakli@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Takli
authors.affiliation: Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 1172, Bragança 5300-253, Portugal. iferreira@ipb.pt.
authors.forename: Isabel C F R
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry*; D005869:Ghana; D008903:Minerals / Q000737:chemistry; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000737:chemistry; D014815:Vitamins / Q000737:chemistry; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001688:Biological Products; D005227:Fatty Acids; D008903:Minerals; D010636:Phenols; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D047071:beta-Glucans
keywords: Ganoderma species; antioxidant properties; chemical; wild mushrooms