title: Inverse relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and migraine. Data from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Surveys 1995-1997 and 2006-2008.
abstract: Aims The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to investigate the associations between migraine and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods We used data from the second (1995-1997) and third survey (2006-2008) in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study. Analyses were made for the 26,121 participants (30-97 years of age, median 58.3 years) with known headache and DM status in both surveys, and for the 39,584 participants in the third survey (20-97 years, median 54.1 years). The diagnosis of migraine was given to those who fulfilled the questionnaire-based migraine diagnosis in the second and/or third survey. Associations were assessed using multiple logistic regression, estimating prevalence odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In the multivariate analysis of the 26,121 participants in both surveys, adjusting for age, gender, years of education, and smoking, classical type 1 DM (n = 81) was associated with a lower prevalence of any headache (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.88),and migraine (OR = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.96) compared to those without DM (n = 24,779). Correspondingly, the merged group of classical type 1 DM and latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) (n = 153) were less likely to have migraine (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.91). Similarly, an inverse relationship between type 1 DM and migraine was found in analyses of 39,584 participants in the third survey. No clear association was found between headache and type 2 DM. Conclusions In this cross-sectional population-based study of mainly middle-aged participants, type 1 DM was inversely associated with headache, in particular migraine.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|2 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.affiliation: 3 Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.|4 Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, HUNT research Centre, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Bjørn Olav
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Åsvold
authors.affiliation: 4 Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, HUNT research Centre, Levanger, Norway.
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Midthjell
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|2 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Lars Jacob
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Neurology and FORMI; Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.|6 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: John-Anker
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.|2 Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headache, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Epidemiology; diabetes mellitus; headache; migraine