title: White Ginseng Protects Mouse Hippocampal Cells Against Amyloid-Beta Oligomer Toxicity.
abstract: Amyloid-beta oligomer (AβO) is a soluble oligomer form of the Aβ peptide and the most potent amyloid-beta form that induces neuronal damage in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the effect of dried white ginseng extract (WGE) on neuronal cell damage and memory impairment in intrahippocampal AβO (10 μM)-injected mice. Mice were treated with WGE (100 and 500 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 12 days after surgery. WGE improved memory impairment by inhibiting hippocampal cell death caused by AβO. In addition, AβO-injected mice treated with WGE showed restoration of reduced synaptophysin and choline acetyltransferase intensity and lower levels of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 in the hippocampus compared with those of vehicle-treated controls. These results suggest that WGE reverses memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease by attenuating neuronal damage and neuroinflammation in the AβO-injected mouse hippocampus. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Gyu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Namkwon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.affiliation: International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, 32724, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, 32724, Korea.
authors.forename: Myeong Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, 32724, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Geumsan, 32724, Korea.
authors.forename: Mi Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Pyo
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.|Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta oligomer; neuroprotection; white ginseng