title: One-stage Exchange Arthroplasty for Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Joint Infections.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. In an aging population of the developed world, the increasing numbers of hip and knee replacements will inevitably lead to increasing incidence of PJI, carrying with (it) significant patient morbidity and cost to the health care system. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty is currently the gold standard but it is associated with multiple operations, prolonged hospitalization and impaired functionality. One-stage exchange arthroplasty is similar to the two-stage procedure but the interval between removal of the prosthesis and reimplantation of a new one is only a few minutes. It has the theoretical benefits of a single anesthetic, shorter hospitalization, less cost and improved function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the current literature regarding the outcomes of one-stage exchange arthroplasties focusing on re-infection rates and functional outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current themes around the one-stage exchange procedure include the indications for the procedure, definition of re-infection, surgical techniques used to provide fixation and differences in approach for hip and knee replacements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current literature on one-stage exchange procedure is promising, with comparable results to two-stage revisions for hips and knees in selected patients. However, there is a great need for a large multi-centred randomized control trial, focusing on re-infection rates and functional scores postoperatively, to provide concrete guidelines in managing this complex condition.
authors.affiliation: Ozorthopaedics, Hospital in Malvern, 1356 High Street Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia.
authors.forename: Manny
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sukeik
authors.affiliation: Center for Septic Surgery, Helios ENDO Klinik, Holstenstr. 2, 22767 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Akos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zahar
authors.affiliation: Ozorthopaedics, Hospital in Malvern, 1356 High Street Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia.
authors.forename: Ikram
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nizam
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University College London Hospital, 235 Euston Road, NW1 2BU, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Fares Sami
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Haddad
keywords: Direct exchange arthroplasty; Hip; Infection; Knee; One-Stage arthroplasty; Single stage revision