title: Anatomy education environment measurement inventory: A valid tool to measure the anatomy learning environment.
abstract: Students' perceptions of the education environment influence their learning. Ever since the major medical curriculum reform, anatomy education has undergone several changes in terms of its curriculum, teaching modalities, learning resources, and assessment methods. By measuring students' perceptions concerning anatomy education environment, valuable information can be obtained to facilitate improvements in teaching and learning. Hence, it is important to use a valid inventory that specifically measures attributes of the anatomy education environment. In this study, a new 11-factor, 132-items Anatomy Education Environment Measurement Inventory (AEEMI) was developed using Delphi technique and was validated in a Malaysian public medical school. The inventory was found to have satisfactory content evidence (scale-level content validity index [total] = 0.646); good response process evidence (scale-level face validity index [total] = 0.867); and acceptable to high internal consistency, with the Raykov composite reliability estimates of the six factors are in the range of 0.604-0.876. The best fit model of the AEEMI is achieved with six domains and 25 items (X2= 415.67, P < 0.001, ChiSq/df = 1.63, RMSEA = 0.045, GFI = 0.905, CFI = 0.937, NFI = 0.854, TLI = 0.926). Hence, AEEMI was proven to have good psychometric properties, and thus could be used to measure the anatomy education environment in Malaysia. A concerted collaboration should be initiated toward developing a valid universal tool that, using the methods outlined in this study, measures the anatomy education environment across different institutions and countries. Anat Sci Educ 10: 423-432. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Siti Nurma Hanim
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-9379
authors.initials: SNH
authors.lastname: Hadie
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Asma'
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Zul Izhar Mohd
authors.initials: ZIM
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Mohd Asnizam
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Asari
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Aaijaz Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Fazlina
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasim
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nurul Aiman Mohd
authors.initials: NAM
authors.lastname: Yusof
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Husnaida Abdul
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Manan Sulong
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Tg Fatimah Murniwati
authors.initials: TFM
authors.lastname: Tg Muda
authors.affiliation: Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Nor
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Education, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Muhamad Saiful Bahri
authors.initials: MSB
authors.lastname: Yusoff
mesh_terms: D054814:Anatomists / Q000523:psychology; D000715:Anatomy / Q000193:education*; D003479:Curriculum; D003697:Delphi Technique; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008296:Malaysia; D010465:Perception; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: anatomy education; educational climate; learning environment; measurement inventory; medical students; validity