title: Relationship of seminal free L-Carnitine with functional spermatozoal characteristics: Results from an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship of seminal free L-carnitine with functional spermatozoal characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This observational study was conducted at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 2009 to June 2013, and comprised fertile and infertile subjects. Semen analysis was performed and reported for its volume, sperm count, motility and morphology according to the World Health Organisation's guidelines. Seminal free L-carnitine was estimated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Mean values of demographic characteristics, semen analysis and seminal free L-carnitine were compared, and possible relation of seminal free L-carnitine with functional spermatozoal characteristics was explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 61 participants, 19(31.1%) were fertile controls, while 42(68.9%) were infertile men. The mean age of controls was 32.7±1.44 years and that of infertile patients was 33.4±0.75 years (p=0.655). The mean seminal free L-carnitine was 447.6±23.86mmol/L among controls and 154.6±12.99 among patients (p=0.001). There was a strong positive correlation of seminal free L-carnitine with sperm count, total motility and normal morphology (p<0.01 each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The role of seminal free L-carnitine in the maintenance of normal functional spermatozoal characteristics was validated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Syed Danish
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Haseen Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Hamdard College of Medicine & Dentistry, Hamdard University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahsan
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Dow Medical College Dow University Of Health Sciences, Karachi.
authors.forename: Tehseen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.affiliation: National Research Institute for Fertility Care (NRIFC) Ministry of Population Welfare.
authors.forename: Syed Intesar
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Ahmed Burney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002331:Carnitine / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D055101:Semen Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D062606:Tertiary Care Centers
chemical_list: D002331:Carnitine
keywords: Carnitine, Male, Infertility, Spermatozoa, Semen analysis.