title: Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress induced by Cu2+in prostate cells.
abstract: Astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid molecule extensively found in marine organisms and increasingly used as a dietary supplement, has been reported to have beneficial effects against oxidative stress. In the current paper, the effects of AST on viability of prostate cells were investigated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay; cell apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined by flow cytometry; the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by fluorospectrophotometer; and activities of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were evaluated by a detection kit. The results show that copper ion (Cu2+) induced apoptosis, along with the accumulation of intracellular ROS and MDA, in both prostate cell lines (RWPE-1 and PC-3). AST treatments could decrease the MDA levels, increase MMP, and keep ROS stable in RWPE-1 cell line. An addition of AST decreased the SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT activities in PC-3 cell line treated with Cu2+, but had a contrary reaction in RWPE-1 cell lines. In conclusion, AST could contribute to protecting RWPE-1 cells against Cu2+-induced injuries but could cause damage to the antioxidant enzyme system in PC-3 cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Hong-Zhou
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Shan-Shan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Sheng-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007477:Ions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D024341:Xanthophylls; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D003300:Copper; C005948:astaxanthine; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Oxidative stress; PC-3; RWPE-1; Astaxanthin; Copper ion