title: Reliable methods for determination of triazine herbicides and their degradation products in seawater and marine sediments using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Triazines and their degradation products are transported to the aquatic environment, and once there, the probability to reach the marine environment is very high. In this paper, solid phase extraction (SPE) and extraction by matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) to analyse nine triazines (ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, prometryn, propazine, simazine, simetryn, terbuthylazine and terbutryn) and eight degradation products (desethylatrazine, desethyldesisopropylatrazine, desethyl-2-hydroxyatrazine, desethylterbuthylazine, desisopropylatrazine, desisopropyl-2-hydroxyatrazine, 2-hydroxyatrazine and 2-hidroxyterbuthylazine) in seawater and marine sediments samples were used. The analysis was carried out using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The methods were optimized and validated to achieve a selective and sensitive determination of the analytes from different sample, regardless of its complexity. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed methods provided adequate limits of quantification (0.05-0.45 μg L-1and 0.23-4.26 μg kg-1in seawater and marine sediments, respectively). Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation were below 1.41% for all compounds. Recoveries were evaluated, and acceptable values that ranged from 87.5-99.4 and 60.9-99.7% for the seawater and sediment samples, respectively, were obtained. The proposed methods were applied to the analysis of the target compounds in seawater samples and marine sediments from a coastal area of Galicia (NW of Spain).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-González
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uzal-Varela
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: González-Castro
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muniategui-Lorenzo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), Instituto Universitario de Medio Ambiente (IUMA), Campus da Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain. elisa@udc.es.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beceiro-González
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Degradation products; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Seawater; Sediments; Triazines