title: Critical Hand Ischemia After Radial Access for Coronary Angiography - Case Report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radial artery is now the most frequent access for coronary angiography and intervention. Despite the common opinion that it is safer than femoral access, it has the potential for serious complications. One of them is upper limb ischemia caused by radial artery thrombosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We are presenting a case of critical hand ischemia after coronary angiography performed through radial access despite existing risk factors, which may be considered as relative contraindications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the presented case, decision was made to use radial access despite several risk factors of upper limb ischemia - diabetes, end-stage renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, or even symptoms of left upper limb ischemia. Furthermore, for diagnostic coronary angiography 5F instead of 4F introducer was used.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bojakowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zawadzki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Bartosz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mruk
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Andziak
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walecki
keywords: Coronary Angiography; Embolism and Thrombosis; Ischemia