title: Combined Pharmacologic Therapy in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.
abstract: Antiresorptive agents for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis include selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), bisphosphonates and denoumab. Teriparatide is the only Food and Drug Administration-approved anabolic agent. Synergistic effects of combining teriparatide with an antiresorptive agent have been proposed and studied. This article reviews the trial designs and the outcomes of combination therapies. Results of the combination therapy for teriparatide and bisphosphonates were mixed; while small increases of bone density were observed in the combination therapy of teriparatide and estrogen/SERM and that of teriparatide and denosumab. Those clinical studies were limited by small sample sizes and lack of fracture outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Clinic, Huntington Health Physicians, 10 Congress Street, Suite 408, Pasadena, CA 91105, USA.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology Clinic, Indiana University Health Arnett, 2600 Ferry Street, Lafayette, IN 47904, USA.
authors.forename: Dona L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 530, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Electronic address: dmartinez@mednet.ucla.edu.
authors.forename: Dorothy S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Martinez
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019379:Teriparatide / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D019379:Teriparatide
keywords: Anabolic agent; Antiresorptive agent; Combination therapy; Postmenopausal osteoporosis; Teriparatide