title: Characterization of Vocal Fold Vibration in Sulcus Vocalis Using High-Speed Digital Imaging.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize vocal fold vibrations in sulcus vocalis by high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) and to clarify the correlations between HSDI-derived parameters and traditional vocal parameters.
  
  
  
  HSDI was performed in 20 vocally healthy subjects (8 men and 12 women) and 41 patients with sulcus vocalis (33 men and 8 women). Then HSDI data were evaluated by assessing the visual-perceptual rating, digital kymography, and glottal area waveform.
  
  
  
  Patients with sulcus vocalis frequently had spindle-shaped glottal gaps and a decreased mucosal wave. Compared with the control group, the sulcus vocalis group showed higher open quotient as well as a shorter duration of the visible mucosal wave, a smaller speed index, and a smaller glottal area difference index ([maximal glottal area - minimal glottal area]/maximal glottal area). These parameters deteriorated in order of the control group and Type I, II, and III sulcus vocalis. There were no gender-related differences. Strong correlations were noted between the open quotient and the type of sulcus vocalis.
  
  
  
  HSDI was an effective method for documenting the characteristics of vocal fold vibrations in patients with sulcus vocalis and estimating the severity of dysphonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Metropolitan Police Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisayuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokonishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imagawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Disorders, The Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nito
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Tracheo-esophagology, The National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Niro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tayama
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamasoba
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007734:Kymography; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*