title: Association between chewing-stimulated salivary flow under the effects of atropine and mixing ability assessed using a color-changeable chewing gum.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the time course of chewing-stimulated salivary flow after oral atropine administration, and determine the association between chewing-stimulated salivary flow and mixing ability using color-changeable chewing gum in dentate adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy dentate adults were administered 1mg oral atropine to induce mouth dryness. The subjects' chewing-stimulated salivary flow was assessed using the Saxon test. They were then asked to rinse their mouth with tap water for 15s, and to chew on color-changeable chewing gum for 60s at a constant rate of 60 cycles per min. This procedure was performed before, and at 10-min intervals for up to 120min after the atropine administration. The experiment was repeated after 1 week. Steel's test was used to compare the chewing-stimulated salivary flow rates at each time point after atropine administration with the baseline value. The effect of the stimulated salivary flow rates on the degree of color change was analyzed using linear mixed effects models, with the stimulated salivary flow rates as fixed factors and subjects as the random factor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chewing-stimulated salivary flow showed a significant decrease from 50 to 120min after oral atropine administration (P<0.05) and the amount of chewing-stimulated salivary flow had a significant effect on the color change of the color-changeable chewing gum (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a decrease in stimulated salivary flow after orally administering 1mg atropine, and a positive association between mixing ability using color-changeable chewing gum and chewing-stimulated salivary flow in dentate subjects.
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: m.kanazawa.gerd@tmd.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komagamine
authors.affiliation: Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minakuchi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003116:Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D001285:Atropine
keywords: Atropine; Chewing gum; Mastication; Mouth dryness; Saliva