title: Smoking Status and the Five-Factor Model of Personality: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Conducted in Poland.
abstract: Tobacco smoking is the single most important modifiable factor in increased morbidity and premature mortality. Numerous factors-including genetics, personality, and environment-affect the development and persistence of tobacco addiction, and knowledge regarding these factors could improve smoking cessation rates. This study compared personality traits between never, former, and current smokers, using the Five-Factor Model of Personality in a country with a turbulent smoking reduction process.:In this cross-sectional study, 909 Polish adults completed the Revised Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Personality Inventory. Our results showed that current smokers' scores for extraversion, one of the five global dimensions of personality, were higher relative to never smokers. Neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness did not differ significantly according to smoking status. Facet analysis, which described each dimension in detail, showed that current smokers' activity and excitement seeking (facets of extraversion) scores were higher relative to those of never and former smokers. In turn, current smokers' dutifulness and deliberation (facets of conscientiousness) scores were lower than those found in former and never smokers. Never smokers scored the highest in self-consciousness (a facet of neuroticism) and compliance (a component of agreeableness). The study conducted among Polish individuals showed variation in personality traits according to their smoking status; however, this variation differed from that reported in countries in which efforts to reduce smoking had begun earlier relative to Poland. Knowledge regarding personality traits could be useful in designing smoking prevention and cessation programs tailored to individuals' needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. buczkowskik@cm.umk.pl.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buczkowski
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Leopolda Staffa 1, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland. malbasinska@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Małgorzata A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Basinska
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Leopolda Staffa 1, 85-867 Bydgoszcz, Poland. aniarat@wp.pl.|Department of Palliative Care, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. aniarat@wp.pl.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ratajska
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland. klewandowska@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lewandowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. pieniaszek.dorota@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luszkiewicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Allergology, Chair of Lung Disease, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland. asieminska@gumed.edu.pl.
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieminska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011044:Poland; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Five-Factor Model; health-risk behavior; personality traits; smoking