title: Establishment of a Novel Model for Anticancer Drug Resistance in Three-Dimensional Primary Culture of Tumor Microenvironment.
abstract: Tumor microenvironment has been implicated in tumor development and progression. As a three-dimensional tumor microenvironment model, air liquid interface (ALI) organoid culture from oncogene transgenic mouse gastrointestinal tissues was recently produced. However, ALI organoid culture system from tissues of colorectal cancer patients has not been established. Here, we developed an ALI organoid model from normal and tumor colorectal tissues of human patients. Both organoids were successfully generated and showed cystic structures containing an epithelial layer and surrounding mesenchymal stromal cells. Structures of tumor organoids closely resembled primary tumor epithelium. Expression of an epithelial cell marker, E-cadherin, a goblet cell marker, MUC2, and a fibroblast marker, vimentin, but not a myofibroblast marker,α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), was observed in normal organoids. Expression of E-cadherin, MUC2, vimentin, andα-SMA was observed in tumor organoids. Expression of a cancer stem cell marker, LGR5 in tumor organoids, was higher than that in primary tumor tissues. Tumor organoids were more resistant to toxicity of 5-fluorouracil and Irinotecan than colorectal cancer cell lines, SW480, SW620, and HCT116. These findings indicate that ALI organoid culture from colorectal cancer patients may become a novel model that is useful for examining resistance to chemotherapy in tumor microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8613-0986
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuhei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enjoji
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyoshi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7412-627X
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2998-6689
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohama
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryotaro
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7847-9910
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 Bancho 35-1, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-0053-9212
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamawaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-9517-3769
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5889-2350
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryouichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4251-1936
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tsunedomi
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8391-2395
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7074-3315
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5265-0775
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato