title: Genetic characterization of Helicobacter pylori vacA and cagA genes in Thai gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  H. pylori has been detected in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. It is currently unclear whether the H. pylori detected in hepatobiliary patients are genetically similar to those in gastro-duodenal patients. The aim of this study was to determine H. pylori vacA and cagA genotypes in Thai patients with gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  H. pylori DNA was extracted from samples from gastric biopsies of gastro-duodenal patients (n=100) and from bile samples of hepatobiliary patients (n=80). The vacA and cagA genotypes were performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vacA m1 was found in Thai hepatobiliary patients (90%) at a higher rate compared with gastro-duodenal patients (50%).The combined vacA s1a+c/m1 were mostly found in Thai gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients. The cagA gene was detected in 94% of patients with gastro-duodenal diseases compared with 28.8% in those with hepatobiliary diseases (p<0.05). On the other hand, the Western type cagA was more prominent among hepatobiliary patients (100%) than gastro-duodenal patients (57.4%), and this type was grouped into same cluster with Thai gastro-duodenal patients via phylogenetic analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on vacA and cagA analysis, we conclude that infection with H. pylori in gastro-duodenal and hepatobiliary patients may be caused by the different H. pylori strains.
authors.affiliation: Mahidol University, AmnatChareon Campus, Amnat Chareon, Thailand. wongwarut.boo@mahidol.ac.th.
authors.forename: Wongwarut
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Boonyanugomol
authors.forename: Narong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khuntikeo
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pugkhem
authors.forename: Kookwan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawadpanich
authors.forename: Chariya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hahnvajanawong
authors.forename: Phattharaphon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongphutorn
authors.forename: Bandit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khampoosa
authors.forename: Chariya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chomvarin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology; D001706:Biopsy; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013785:Thailand; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori