title: Neurofeedback Control in Parkinsonian Patients Using Electrocorticography Signals Accessed Wirelessly With a Chronic, Fully Implanted Device.
abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms such as rigidity and bradykinesia that prevent normal movement. Beta band oscillations (13-30 Hz) in neural local field potentials (LFPs) have been associated with these motor symptoms. Here, three PD patients implanted with a therapeutic deep brain neural stimulator that can also record and wirelessly stream neural data played a neurofeedback game where they modulated their beta band power from sensorimotor cortical areas. Patients' beta band power was streamed in real-time to update the position of a cursor that they tried to drive into a cued target. After playing the game for 1-2 hours each, all three patients exhibited above chance-level performance regardless of subcortical stimulation levels. This study, for the first time, demonstrates using an invasive neural recording system for at-home neurofeedback training. Future work will investigate chronic neurofeedback training as a potentially therapeutic tool for patients with neurological disorders.
authors.forename: Preeya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Nicole C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Swann
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: de Hemptinne
authors.forename: Svjetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miocinovic
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carmena
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001611:Beta Rhythm; D062207:Brain-Computer Interfaces; D000069280:Electrocorticography / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005717:Games, Experimental; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058765:Neurofeedback; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D066191:Sensorimotor Cortex; D059015:Wireless Technology