title: Respiratory Muscle Training Improves Chemoreflex Response, Heart Rate Variability, and Respiratory Mechanics in Rats With Heart Failure.
abstract: The aim of the present report was to evaluate respiratory muscle training (RMT) effects on hemodynamic function, chemoreflex response, heart rate variability, and respiratory mechanics in rats with heart failure (HF rats).
  
  
  
  Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: sedentary-sham (Sed-Sham, n = 8), respiratory muscle trained-sham (RMT-Sham, n = 8), sedentary-HF (Sed-HF, n = 8) and respiratory muscle trained-HF (RMT-HF, n = 8). Animals were submitted to an RMT protocol performed 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 6 weeks, whereas the sedentary animals did not exercise.
  
  
  
  In HF rats, RMT promoted the reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary edema. Moreover, RMT produced a reduction in pressure response during chemoreflex activation, sympathetic modulation, and sympathetic vagal balance in addition to an increase in parasympathetic modulation. Also after RMT, HF rats demonstrated a reduction in respiratory system resistance, tissue resistance, Newtonian resistance, respiratory system compliance, and quasistatic compliance.
  
  
  
  These findings suggested that 6 weeks of RMT in HF rats promoted beneficial adaptations in hemodynamics, autonomic function, and respiratory mechanics and attenuated pressure response evoked by chemoreflex activation in HF rats.
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rodrigo B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Jaenisch
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Edson
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quagliotto
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Chalyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chechi
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calegari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dos Santos
authors.affiliation: Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borghi-Silva
authors.affiliation: Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: pdallago@ufcspa.edu.br.
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dal Lago
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001945:Breathing Exercises / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000379:methods*; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*