title: Eosinophilic leukemia in three African pygmy hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris) and validation of Luna stain.
abstract: Neoplasia is usually encountered in the African pygmy hedgehog at a mean age of 3.5 y, and malignancy is common. Myelogenous leukemias are rarely reported in hedgehogs. We describe 3 cases of eosinophilic leukemia in adult, middle-aged (mean age: 2.3 y) hedgehogs, for which prognosis appears grave. In 1 case, attempted treatment was unsuccessful, and in all 3 cases, the disease course was rapid and all died soon after diagnosis. Blood smear evaluation, along with complete blood count, was critical in making the diagnosis in all cases. Luna stain was validated and used to better visualize eosinophils in cytologic and histologic sections. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of specific granules in hedgehog eosinophils.
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez-Jiménez
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Bridget
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Sheryl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coutermarsh-Ott
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Caitlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Burrell
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nabity
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Josué
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Díaz-Delgado
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodrigues-Hoffmann
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zaks
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Laila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Proença
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Divers
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Corey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saba
authors.affiliation: Loving Hands Animal Clinic (Martínez-Jiménez), Alpharetta, GA.|Departments of Pathology (Cazzini, Coutermarsh-Ott, Garner) and Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Proença, Divers, Saba), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.|Departments of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Burrell) and Veterinary Pathobiology (Clark, Nabity, Díaz-Delgado, Rodrigues-Hoffmann), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; and.|Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology (Zaks), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Current affiliations: Cumming Veterinary Clinic, Cumming, GA (Martínez-Jiménez).|Easter Bush Pathology, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK (Cazzini); and Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA (Burrell).
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cazzini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000166:cytology*; D006364:Hedgehogs; D017681:Hypereosinophilic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents
keywords: African pygmy hedgehog; Atelerix albiventris; Luna stain; eosinophilic leukemia; myeloproliferative disease; neoplasia