title: Evaluation of various biomarkers for kidney monitoring during canine leishmaniosis treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the evolution of the profile currently recommended by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) (sCr, UPC and sSDMA) with a panel of other different kidney biomarkers during treatment for canine leishmaniosis. This panel included three urinary glomerular biomarkers (uIgG, uCRP and uferritin) and three urinary tubular biomarkers (uGGT, uNAG and uRBP). These biomarkers were measured in two groups of dogs with canine leishmaniosis at IRIS stage I. Group 1: dogs showing proteinuria (UPC > 0.5) before treatment which did not decrease after treatment; Group 2: dogs showing proteinuria before treatment which decreased after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 showed no significant changes in any biomarker after treatment. In group 2, among the biomarkers recommended by the IRIS, only UPC showed a significant decrease after treatment. However all biomarkers of glomerular damage showed a significant decrease after treatment, with uIgG/Cr and uCRP/Cr showing the greater decreases. In addition uRBP/Cr and uNAG/Cr showed significant decreases after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In dogs with leishmaniosis at IRIS stage I that reduced UPC after treatment, there were no significant changes in serum creatinine and sSDMA. However, all the urine biomarkers evaluated with exception of uGGT showed a significant decrease. These decreases were more evident in those markers related with glomerular function, being uIgG/Cr the biomarker more associated with UPC. Further studies involving a larger number of animals and histological analysis of the kidney would be recommended to confirm these findings and evaluate the routine practical use of these urine biomarkers in canine leishmaniosis.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pardo-Marín
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martínez-Subiela
authors.affiliation: Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastor
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.|Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Asta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tvarijonaviciute
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Diego
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Garcia-Martinez
authors.affiliation: R&D Bioiberica SA, Pça. Francesc Macià 7, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain. jjceron@um.es.
authors.forename: José Joaquín
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cerón
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000652:urine; D004285:Dogs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*; D008536:Meglumine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D000493:Allopurinol; D008536:Meglumine; D000077485:Meglumine Antimoniate
keywords: Creatinine; Gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT); Immunoglobulin G (IgG); Kidney; Retinol-binding protein (RBP); Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA); UPC; Urine