title: Contextual Impact of Neighborhood Obesogenic Factors on Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort.
abstract: Background:While obesity is well-understood to increase breast cancer risk, the role of the neighborhood obesogenic environment, encompassing social and built environment attributes that influence body size, is poorly understood.Methods:Using principal components factor analysis, five composite factors [neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), urban, mixed-land development, unhealthy food environment, parks] on the basis of geospatial data were developed to characterize the obesogenic environment for 48,247 postmenopausal women in the Multiethnic Cohort, residing predominately in Los Angeles County. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and breast cancer risk (n= 2,341 cases after 17 years of follow-up), adjusting for body mass index (BMI), weight gain since age 21, education, established risk factors, other neighborhood factors, and clustering by block group.Results:Lower nSES was associated with lower breast cancer risk [quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66-0.95], with a more pronounced association observed in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.85). More urban environments were associated with lower breast cancer risk in Japanese Americans (quintile 5 vs. 1: HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26-0.90), and lower mixed-land development was associated with higher breast cancer risk in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10-1.93).Conclusions:Obesogenic neighborhood environment factors, especially nSES, urbanicity, and mixed-land development, were differentially and independently associated with breast cancer risk in this multiethnic population.Impact:These findings highlight the need for additional studies of the driving contextual aspects of nSES that influence breast cancer risk.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 480-9. ©2017 AACRSee all the articles in thisCEBP Focussection, "Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences."
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Conroy
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.|Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.|Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Christina A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.|Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.|Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shariff-Marco
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Yurii B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Shvetsov
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Song-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Nursing and Dental Hygiene, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hertz
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
authors.forename: Kristine R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Laurence N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Kolonel
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Loïc Le
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
authors.forename: Lynne R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Wilkens
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California.|Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.|Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Scarlett Lin
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California. iona.cheng@cpic.org.|Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.
authors.forename: Iona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D001213:Asian / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D017698:Postmenopause; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D057566:Self Report; D015430:Weight Gain; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data