title: Kidney and innate immunity.
abstract: Innate immune system is an important modulator of the inflammatory response during infection and tissue injury/repair. The kidney as a vital organ with high energy demand plays a key role in regulating the disease related metabolic process. Increasing research interest has focused on the immune pathogenesis of many kidney diseases. However, innate immune cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, NK cells and a few innate lymphocytes, as well as the complement system are essential for renal immune homeostasis and ensure a coordinated balance between tissue injury and regeneration. The innate immune response provides the first line of host defense initiated by several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), together with inflammasomes responsible for early innate immune response. Although the innate immune system is well studied, the research on the detailed relationship between innate immunity and kidney is still very limited. In this review, we will focus on the innate immune sensing system in renal immune homeostasis, as well as the corresponding pathogenesis of many kidney diseases. The pivotal roles of innate immunity in renal injury and regeneration with special emphasis on kidney disease related immunoregulatory mechanism are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China.
authors.forename: Ying-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, China. Electronic address: yugenzhang@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yu-Gen
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D056747:Immunomodulation / Q000187:drug effects; D058847:Inflammasomes / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D058847:Inflammasomes; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D004921:Erythropoietin
keywords: Inflammasome; Innate immunity; Kidney disease; Pattern recognition receptor; Renal immune homeostasis