title: Transcriptional regulation of human sperm-associated antigen 16 gene by S-SOX5.
abstract: The mammalian sperm-associated antigen 16 gene (Spag16) uses alternative promoters to produce two major transcript isoforms (Spag16L and Spag16S) and encode proteins that are involved in the cilia/flagella formation and motility. In silico analysis of both mouse and human SPAG16L promoters reveals the existence of multiple putative SOX5 binding sites. Given that the SOX5 gene encodes a 48-kDa transcription factor (S-SOX5) and the presence of putative SOX5 binding sites at the SPAG16L promoter, regulation of SPAG16L expression by S-SOX5 was studied in the present work.
  
  
  
  S-SOX5 activated human SPAG16L promoter activity in the human bronchial epithelia cell line BEAS-2B cells. Mutation of S-SOX5 binding sites abolished the stimulatory effect. Overexpression of S-SOX5 resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of SPAG16L transcripts whereas silencing of S-SOX5 by RNAi largely reduced the SPAG16L expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that S-SOX5 directly interacts with the SPAG16L promoter.
  
  
  
  S-SOX5 regulates transcription of human SPAG16L gene via directly binding to the promoter of SPAG16L. It has been reported that expression of sperm-associated antigen 6 (SPAG6), encoding another axonemal protein, is activated by S-SOX5. Therefore, S-SOX5 may regulate formation of motile cilia/flagella through globally mediating expression of genes encoding axonemal proteins.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China. zhangling@wust.edu.cn.|Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. zhangling@wust.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yunhao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430000, China.
authors.forename: Qiaoling
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.|Department of Computer Science, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481-5701, USA.
authors.forename: Yanwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.|Wuhan Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Junpin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Min
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Chaofan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shuang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Shizheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. zhibing.zhang@vcuhealth.org.
authors.forename: Zhibing
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C490301:SOX5 protein, human; D055755:SOXD Transcription Factors; C450619:SPAG16 protein, human
keywords: Central apparatus; Cilia; S-SOX5; SPAG16L; Transcriptional regulation