title: Underestimated incidence of kidney disease in nonrenal outpatient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been regarded as a severe threaten to public health, a large percentage of CKD are secondary to other diseases. Serum creatinine is the most common marker of renal function, but it did not always reflect glomerular filtration rate (GFR) accurately. In order to investigate the prevalence of kidney disease in non-renal departments and to provide a basis for the prevention of kidney injury, the present study was conducted in several medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17,462 outpatients were selected randomly from the departments of cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology in 16 hospitals and the incidence of kidney disease was screened. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated by using MDRD-formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 5293 (30.1%) patients' eGFR above 90 mL/min/1.73m2among all the subjects in non-renal departments, and 4055(23%) patients' eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2including 80 patients whose eGFR were below 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. Furthermore, among 16616 subjects who have a normal SCr level, there are 3209 respondents' eGFR lower than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Moreover, individuals with hypertension or diabetes had a high prevalence of decreased renal function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey indicated kidney injury wildly existed in non-renal outpatients, and the incidence of CKD is underestimated.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Zeyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.affiliation: b Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital , Southeast University , Nanjing , China.
authors.forename: Guangyuan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: c Department of Cardiology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People?s Hospital , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.
authors.forename: Niansong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Internal Medicine , Medical School of Shaoxing Univerisity , Shaoxing , China.
authors.forename: Chungen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai , China.|e Department of Nephrology , Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital , Shaghai , China.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine
keywords: Kidney injury; chronic kidney disease; coronary disease; diabetes mellitus; hypertension