title: Clearance of plasma ivermectin with single pass lipid dialysis in 2 dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of single pass lipid dialysis (SPLD) for treatment of ivermectin toxicosis in 2 Australian Shepherd dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ gene mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two Australian Shepherd dogs were presented for treatment of ivermectin toxicosis. Dogs were initially treated with intravenous lipid emulsion and supportive care, without improvement of clinical signs. They both developed respiratory paralysis and required mechanical ventilation. In order to increase the clearance of circulating ivermectin, SPLD was performed using dialysate containing 5% lipid. Blood samples were obtained immediately before and after dialysis and analyzed for serum ivermectin concentration. Ivermectin reduction ratio was calculated at 29% and 39% for each dog, respectively. When compared to intrinsic total body ivermectin clearance, only the second dog had a relative improvement of plasma clearance following SPLD. Both dogs were confirmed to be homozygous for ABCB1-1Δ gene mutations. Both dogs remained ventilator dependent for several days and ultimately made a full recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPLD may be an adjunctive detoxification strategy for highly lipophilic toxins such as ivermectin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.
authors.forename: Leonel A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Londoño
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.
authors.forename: Gareth J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolfer
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611.
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bandt
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000931:Antidotes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D004285:Dogs; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000931:Antidotes; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids; D007559:Ivermectin
keywords: anthelmintics parasitology; hemodialysis renal urinary tract; small animal critical care; toxicology; treatment intoxication