title: Lower extremity and spine characteristics in young dancers with and without patellofemoral pain.
abstract: Very little is known about patellofemoral pain syndrome (PPFS) among young dancers. Understanding the mechanism of the injury and implementing a preventative programme are important in order to minimize the risk of PFPS. The aim of the current study is to determine the extent to which factors such as lower extremity and back characteristics are common among dancers with PFPS. The study population included 271 dancers with PFPS and 271 non-injured dancers, aged 10-16 years. All dancers were screened for morphometric profile, dance discipline (h/week), anatomical anomalies (present/absent of scoliosis, genu valgus/varum, etc.), and joint range of motion (measured by goniometer at the hip, knee, ankle, foot, and spinal joints). The predicting factors for PFPS among young dancers (10-11 years old) were: hyper hip abduction (OR = 0.906) and lower back and hamstring flexibility (OR = 3.542); for adolescent dancers (12-14 years old): hyper ankle dorsiflexion (OR = 0.888), hind foot-varum (OR = 0.260), and mobility of patella (OR = 2.666); and, for pre-mature dancers (15-16 years old): scoliosis (OR = 5.209), limited ankle plantar-flexion (OR = 1.060), and limited hip internal rotation (OR = 1.063). In conclusion, extrinsic and intrinsic parameters predisposing the dancers to knee injuries should be identified by screening in early stages of dance classes.
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology , Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.|b The Wingate College of physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel.
authors.forename: Nili
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.affiliation: c Department of orthopedic surgery, Chaim Sheba medical center Tel-Hashomer, affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine , Tel Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tenenbaum
authors.affiliation: a Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology , Tel-Aviv University , Tel-Aviv , Israel.
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hershkovitz
authors.affiliation: b The Wingate College of physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute , Netanya , Israel.
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeev
authors.affiliation: d Orthopedic Rehabilitation Dept , Sheba Medical Center , Tel-Hashomer , Israel.
authors.forename: Itzhak
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Siev-Ner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003615:Dancing; D005260:Female; D056304:Genu Valgum / Q000453:epidemiology; D056305:Genu Varum / Q000453:epidemiology; D000070633:Hamstring Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology; D008161:Lumbosacral Region / Q000502:physiology*; D010329:Patella / Q000502:physiology; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012307:Risk Factors; D012399:Rotation; D012600:Scoliosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D013008:Somatotypes
keywords: Alignment; dance; joint range of motion; patellofemoral pain syndrome; scoliosis