title: Bisphenol A effects on the chlorophyll contents in soybean at different growth stages.
abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA), a suspected endocrine disruptor, can modify normal plant growth and development. Photosynthesis provides material and energy for the growth and development of plants, in which chlorophyll (Chl) plays a significant role. Many studies have shown that the growth and metabolism of plants vary at different growth stages. Thus the sensitivity of plant's responses to environmental pollution is correspondingly different. We studied the effects of BPA on the Chl contents of soybean (Glycine Max L.) at different growth stages (seedling, flowering and podding, seed-filling and maturation) by measuring the contents of essential intermediates (5-aminolevulinic acid, porphobilinogen, protoporphyrin IX, magnesium protoporphyrin and protochlorophyll) and the activities of key enzymes (5-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase, porphobilinogen deaminase, uroporphyrinogen III synthase, magnesium chelatase) in chlorophyll synthesis. Low-dose (1.5 mg/L) BPA exposure increased the activities of key enzymes in addition to the contents of intermediates in Chl synthesis at different growth stages, resulting in increases in Chl contents and net photosynthetic rate. In contrast, medium and high-dose (17.2, 50.0 mg/L) BPA exposure produced inhibitory effects on the indices. Following the withdrawal of BPA exposure, the indices recovered to a degree that was related to the plant growth stage. The effect level (high to low) of BPA on these indices at different growth stages was: seedling stage > maturation stage > flowering and podding stage > seed-filling stage. The reverse effect was observed following the withdrawal of BPA exposure. The responses of key enzymes in plant Chl synthesis to BPA illustrate how BPA affects Chl contents. The effects of BPA show clear differences at different plant growth stages.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 212003, China.
authors.forename: Liya
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 212003, China.
authors.forename: Hezhou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 212003, China.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 212003, China. Electronic address: qingzhou510@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China. Electronic address: huangxiaohuanjnu@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000378:metabolism; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D002734:Chlorophyll; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D011524:Protoporphyrins; C016083:protochlorophyll; C039629:magnesium protoporphyrin; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
keywords: BPA; Chlorophyll; Different growth stages; Intermediates; Key enzymes