title: Red fluorescence of dental plaque in children -A cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relation between the presence of red fluorescent plaque and the caries status in children was studied. In addition, the microbial composition of dental plaque from sites with red fluorescent plaque (RFP) and from sites with no red fluorescent plaque (NFP) was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluorescence photographs were taken from fifty children (6-14 years old) with overnight plaque. Full-mouth caries scores (ICDAS II) were obtained. The composition of a saliva sample and two plaque samples (RFP and NFP) was assessed using 16S rDNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the site level, no clinically relevant correlations were found between the presence of RFP and the caries status. At the subject level, a weak correlation was found between RFP and the caries status when non-cavitated lesions were included (rs=0.37, p=0.007). The microbial composition of RFP differed significantly from NFP. RFP had more anaerobes and more Gram-negative bacterial taxa. The most discriminative operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for RFP were Corynebacterium, Leptotrichia, Porphyromonas and Selenomonas, while the most discriminative OTUs for NFP were Neisseria, Actinomyces, Streptococcus and Rothia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no clinical relevant correlations in this cross-sectional study between the presence of RFP and (early) caries lesions. There were differences in the composition of these phenotypically different plaque samples: RFP contained more Gram-negative, anaerobic taxa and was more diverse than NFP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study outcomes provide more insight in the possibilities to use plaque fluorescence in oral health risk assessments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address: c.volgenant@acta.nl.
authors.forename: Catherine M C
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Volgenant
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Egija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaura
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bernd W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Marisol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tellez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health Sciences, Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Gayatri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.affiliation: Kornberg School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Amid I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jacob M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ten Cate
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Monique H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: van der Veen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D002648:Child; D003124:Colorimetry / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
keywords: Clinical study; Dental caries; Dental plaque; Diagnostic systems; Optical imaging; Oral hygiene