title: Anti-inflammatory Potentials of Excretory/Secretory (ES) and Somatic Products ofMarshallagia marshallion Allergic Airway Inflammation in BALB/c Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inverse relationship between helminths infection and immune-mediated diseases has inspired researchers to investigate therapeutic potential of helminths in allergic asthma. Helminth unique ability to induce immunoregulatory responses has already been documented in several experimental studies. This study was designed to investigate whether excretory/secretory (ES) and somatic products ofMarshallagia marshallimodulate the development of ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out at the laboratories of Immunology and Parasitology of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran during spring and summer 2015. Allergic airway inflammation was induced in mice by intraperitoneal (IP) injection with ovalbumin (OVA). The effects of ES and somatic products ofM. marshalliwere analyzed by inflammatory cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), pathological changes and IgE response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with ES and somatic products ofM. marshallidecreased cellular infiltration into BALF when they were administered during sensitization with allergen. Pathological changes were decreased in helminth-treated group, as demonstrated by reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, epithelial lesion and smooth muscle hypertrophy. However, no significant differences were observed in IgE serum levels, cytokines and eosinophil counts between different groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides new insights into anti-inflammatory effects of ES and somatic products ofM. marshalli, during the development of non-eosinophilic model of asthma. Further study is necessary to characterize immunomodulatory molecules derived fromM. marshallias a candidate for the treatment of airway inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Sima Parande
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Shirvan
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Borji
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Movassaghi
authors.affiliation: Zakaria Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammadreza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khakzad
authors.affiliation: Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamidreza
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farzin
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maleki
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haghparast
keywords: Asthma; Excretory/secretory; Helminth therapy; Marshallagia marshalli