title: Phosphorus Removal Characteristics of Titanium Salts Compared with Aluminum Salt.
abstract: This study evaluates the efficacy of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and titanium sulfate [Ti(SO4)2] on phosphorus (P) removal in synthetic wastewater compared with aluminum sulfate [Al2(SO4)3]. Jar test experiments were performed at various chemical doses and initial pH (pHi) levels to determine the conditions at which P removal was most efficient. The doses with 99% P removal were 0.31 to 0.34 mM for TiCl4, 0.15 mM for Ti(SO4)2, and 0.19 mM for Al2(SO4)3 as Al at 2 mg P/L, 100 mg CaCO3/L, and pHi = 7.0 to 8.0. The optimum pHi was 7 for TiCl4, 5.5 for Ti(SO4)2, and 7 for Al2(SO4)3. The P-removal efficiencies were Ti(SO4)2 > Al2(SO4)3 > TiCl4 at pHi 5.5, and TiCl4 ≈ Al2(SO4)3 > Ti(SO4)2 at pHi 7 and 8.5. P-removal ability of TiCl4 decreased as alkalinity increased. Quadratic models successfully approximated the response surface for P removal efficiency with simultaneous changes in pHi and chemical concentrations [TiCl4 and Al2(SO4)3].
authors.forename: Kyeong-Jun
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Johng-Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
mesh_terms: D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000534:Alum Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010758:Phosphorus; C041524:aluminum sulfate; C025096:titanium tetrachloride; D014025:Titanium