title: Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease.
abstract: Host surface receptors provide bacteria with a foothold from which to attach, colonize and, in some cases, invade tissue and elicit human disease. In this review, we discuss several key host receptors and cognate adhesins that function in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, we examine the elevated expression of host surface receptors such as CEACAM-1, CEACAM-6, ICAM-1 and PAFR in response to specific stimuli. We explore how upregulated receptors, in turn, expose the host to a range of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It is apparent that exploitation of receptor induction for bacterial adherence is not unique to one body system, but is also observed in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. Prokaryotic pathogens which utilize this mechanism for their infectivity include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. A number of approaches have been used, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, to inhibit bacterial attachment to temporally expressed host receptors. Some of these novel strategies may advance future targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kc
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.|Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia.
authors.forename: Shakti D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
authors.forename: Ronan F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: O'Toole
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000378:metabolism; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; C069847:CD66 antigens; C504117:CEACAM6 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor