title: Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE): developing and testing a measurement instrument.
abstract: The Patient Evaluation of Emotional Comfort Experienced (PEECE) is a 12-item questionnaire which measures the mental well-being state of emotional comfort in patients. The instrument was developed using previous qualitative work and published literature.
  
  
  
  Instrument development.
  
  
  
  Acute Care Public Hospital, Western Australia.
  
  
  
  Sample of 374 patients.
  
  
  
  A multidisciplinary expert panel assessed the face and content validity of the instrument and following a pilot study, the psychometric properties of the instrument were explored.
  
  
  
  Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis assessed the underlying dimensions of the PEECE instrument; Cronbach's α was used to determine the reliability; κ was used for test-retest reliability of the ordinal items.
  
  
  
  2 factors were identified in the instrument and named 'positive emotions' and 'perceived meaning'. A greater proportion of male patients were found to report positive emotions compared with female patients. The instrument was found to be feasible, reliable and valid for use with inpatients and outpatients.
  
  
  
  PEECE was found to be a feasible instrument for use with inpatient and outpatients, being easily understood and completed. Further psychometric testing is recommended.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.|Centre for Nursing Research, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: A M
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1564-8574
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Evaluation Unit, School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulsara
authors.affiliation: SolarisCare Foundation, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.affiliation: School of Health Professions, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.|University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Joske
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004644:Emotions; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014904:Western Australia
keywords: Comfort; MENTAL HEALTH; Patient Experience; Psychological wellbeing; Research Instrument