title: Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Adolescents and Adults: A Case Series.
abstract: During 11 years period from January 2005 to December 2015 there were 18 adolescent and adult patients  who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA using PDA Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO). There were 9 cases with age of 14 to 18 years and 9 cases with age of more than 18 years where the oldest case was 46 years old. Two cases were male and 16 cases were female. Prior to procedures, clinical assessment, ECG, chest x-ray and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were performed to confirm the diagnosis of PDA. The procedures of device implantation was performed under conscious sedation in adults and using general anesthesia in adolescents.The size of PDA ranged from 1.6 mm to 11.1 mm. Based on Kritchenko classification, the type of PDA were 15 type A1 and 3type A2. Flow ratio between pulmonary to systemic circulation was between 1.1 and 5.9. The procedure time ranged from 60-189 minutes and the fluoroscopic time 7.1-77.3 minutes. The PA pressure ranged from 22 to 63 mmHg. Immediate results after procedures as seen in angiography showed complete closure in 14 cases and smoky residual shunt or minimal residual shunts in 4 cases, which probably due to the temporary leaking through the devices. In 24 hours, complete closure was achieved in all cases (100%) and continued until 1months. At 6 month follow up, there was no residual shunts detected and also there was no significant complications, such as device embolization or recanalization. This case series suggest that transcatheter closure of PDA in adolescents and adults using Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) is effective and has excellent resultswithout significant complication. However, long-term follow up is required to assess long term efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. sukmanputra@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Sukman Tulus
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Putra
authors.forename: Mulyadi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Djer
authors.forename: Nikmah S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Idris
authors.forename: Sudigdo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sastroasmoro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D055989:Septal Occluder Device; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: adolescents; adult; amplatzer duct occluder; patent ductusarteriosus; transcatheter closure