title: One-Pot Aqueous Synthesization of Near-Infrared Quantum Dots for Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy of Gliomas.
abstract: As the early detection and total destruction of gliomas are essential for longer survival, we attempted to synthesize a quantum dot (QD) that is capable of recognizing glioma cells for imaging and photodynamic therapy.
  
  
  
  Using a one-pot aqueous approach, near infrared-emitting CdTe was produced. After detection of its physicochemical characteriistics, it was conjugated with RGD. The emission images were observed with confocal microscopy. To test its toxicity, CdTe-RGD at various concentrations was separately added to a human glioma cell line (U251) and a mouse embryo fibroblast cell line (3T3) (control) for incubation in dark conditions. To test its photodynamic effect, the U251 and 3T3 cells were then irradiated for 5-60 min, using a 632.8-nm laser.
  
  
  
  This QD (Φ = 3.75 nm, photoluminescence (PL) peak wavelength = 700 nm, photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) = 20 %), was a spherical crystal with excellent monodispersity. Under a confocal microscope, U251 cells were visualized, but not the 3T3 cells. In dark conditions, the survival rates of both U251 and 3T3 cells were above 85 %. After laser irradiation, the survival rate of U251 cells decreased to 37 ± 1.6 % as the irradiation time and the CdTe-RGD concentration were increased.
  
  
  
  With good physicochemical characteriistics and low toxicity, this QD-RGD has broad prospects for use in the biomedical imaging and photodynamic therapy of gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ming-Xing
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China. ZhongMDPhD@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Insitute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visocchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Nano Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Micro/Nano Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
authors.forename: Guo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005910:Glioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D045663:Quantum Dots; D013691:Tellurium
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019187:Cadmium Compounds; D009842:Oligopeptides; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D013691:Tellurium; C028337:cadmium telluride
keywords: Bioimaging; Glioma; Near-infrared; Photodynamic therapy; Quantum dots