title: The connecting link! Lip prints and fingerprints.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lip prints and fingerprints are considered to be unique to each individual. The study of fingerprints and lip prints is very popular in personal identification of the deceased and in criminal investigations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was done to find the predominant lip and fingerprint patterns in males and females in the North Indian population and also to find any correlation between lip print and fingerprint patterns within a gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred students (100 males, 100 females) were included in the study. Lip prints were recorded for each individual using a dark-colored lipstick and the right thumb impression was recorded using an ink pad. The lip prints and fingerprints were analyzed using a magnifying glass. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The branched pattern in males and the vertical pattern in females were the predominant lip print patterns. The predominant fingerprint pattern in both males and females was found to be the loop pattern, followed by the whorl pattern and then the arch pattern. No statistically significant correlation was found between lip prints and fingeprints. However, the arch type of fingerprint was found to be associated with different lip print patterns in males and females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lip prints and fingerprints can be used for personal identification in a forensic scenario. Further correlative studies between lip prints and fingerprints could be useful in forensic science for gender identification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Himachal Dental College, Sunder Nagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Amita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Jamia Milia Islamia University, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anurag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Negi
keywords: Cheiloscopy; dermatoglyphics; forensic; gender identification