title: Anti-inflammatory effect of Capuli cherry against LPS-induced cytotoxic damage in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
abstract: Capuli cherry (Prunus serotina Ehr. subsp. capuli (Cav.) McVaugh) fruits from the inter-Andean region of Ecuador were analysed to determine their bioactive compounds content, total antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging activity and their anti-inflammatory and protective effects against the cytotoxic damage mediated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Capuli fruits proved to be a natural source of bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, vitamin C and β-carotene as well as to present an important total antioxidant capacity and radical scavenging activities. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with different concentration of Capuli crude extract and subsequently activated by LPS to determine the markers related to oxidative damage and the proinflammatory cytokine production. The markers of oxidative damage, nitrite levels, the interleukin 1β messenger RNA levels and the tumor necrosis factor α mRNA levels and secretion were significantly decreased after the pre-incubated with Capuli extract and subsequently stimulated with LPS. In summary, Capuli extract attenuated the LPS-induced damage in RAW 264.7 macrophages due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, showing that Capuli fruits may represent a relevant source of bioactive compounds with promising benefits for human health.
authors.affiliation: Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Unidad de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador. Electronic address: jose.alvarez@udla.edu.ec.
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Suarez
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental Santo Domingo-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (EESD-INIAP), Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Estefanía
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carrillo-Perdomo
authors.affiliation: Estación Experimental Santo Domingo-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (EESD-INIAP), Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aller
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giampieri
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparrini
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Lien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: González-Pérez
authors.affiliation: Colegio de Administración y Economía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Ayala
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain. Electronic address: m.a.battino@univpm.it.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Capuli cherry; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Prunus serotina