title: Facial Growth Patterns and Insertion Sites of Miniscrew Implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to evaluate the associations between the craniofacial growth pattern with interradicular distances (IRDs), cortical widths (CWs), and jaw heights (JHs). Also, we mapped safe zones for miniscrew implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cone-beam computerized tomography data pertaining to 60 Class-I patients were divided into 3 growth groups: normal, horizontal, and vertical. IRDs and CWs were measured for bimaxillary canines to second molars, on buccal and lingual sides, at 3 transverse planes (1, 3, and 5 mm apically to the alveolar crest). JHs were measured in both jaws, between canines and second molars. The role of growth patterns and other variables were analyzed; also, safe zones were mapped with statistical substantiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IRDs were greater in the mandible, males, at points more distant from the ridge crest, and on the lingual side. Cortexes were thicker in the horizontal growth pattern, mandible, males, older patients, and lingual sides. JHs were greater in vertical growth pattern, mandible, and males.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cortex might be thicker in patients with a horizontal growth pattern. The height might be greater in vertical growth pattern. IRDs might not be affected by growth pattern.
authors.affiliation: *Full Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran. †Orthodontist in private practice, Tehran, Iran. ‡Lecturer and Scientific Faculty Member, Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Member of the Research Council, Iranian Tissue Engineering and Graft Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. §Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran. ¶Radiologist in private practice, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fariborz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Minoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alipanahi
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rakhshan
authors.forename: Shahriar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shahab
authors.forename: Anooshe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niktash
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001863:Bone Screws; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants