title: Re-emerging of rabies in Shaanxi province, China, from 2009 to 2015.
abstract: To explore the epidemiological, phylogeographic, and migration characteristics of human rabies in Shaanxi province, China from 2009 to 2015. The collected data were described and the sequenced glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes were implemented to estimate the evolutionary rates and phylogeographic patterns using BEAST v.1.8.2. A total of 269 rabies cases were reported and 70.26% of the cases were male and 61.71% were between the ages of 19-59. The majority of the cases were farmers (83.27%). The estimated evolutionary rate of the N genes was 2.4 × 10-4substitutions/site/year and the G genes was 3.4 × 10-4. The time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated around 1990. We detected viral migration paths from Sichuan, Guizhou, and Hunan to Hanzhong prefecture of Shaanxi and then spreaded to Xi'an and other prefectures. The main population affected by rabies virus was male adult farmers. The evolution rate of rabies viruses in Shaanxi was similar with the prior results reported by others and the ancestor virus should be circulating in neighboring province Sichuan around 1990 and then transmitted to Shaanxi. Promptly standard wound treatment and timely post-exposure prophylaxis should be compulsory for the dog-bitten victims.
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Chaofeng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Medical Emergency Center, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Huiling
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jifeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Hanzhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Weinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Mingmin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Xianyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Junjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Jingjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Xi'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Hengxin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Huaiyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shaanxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Pengbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
authors.forename: Xiaokang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059645:Mutation Rate; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D058974:Phylogeography; D011818:Rabies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D011820:Rabies virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C064951:glycoprotein G, Rabies virus; C099601:nucleocapsid protein, Rabies virus
keywords: Shaanxi province; epidemiological characteristics; migration estimation; phylogeography; rabies