title: Association of Patient-Physician Language Concordance and Glycemic Control for Limited-English Proficiency Latinos With Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: Providing culturally competent care to the growing number of limited-English proficiency (LEP) Latinos with diabetes in the United States is challenging.
  
  
  
  To evaluate changes in risk factor control among LEP Latinos with diabetes who switched from language-discordant (English-only) primary care physicians (PCPs) to language-concordant (Spanish-speaking) PCPs or vice versa.
  
  
  
  This pre-post, difference-in-differences study selected 1605 adult patients with diabetes who self-identified as Latino, whose preferred language was Spanish, and who switched PCPs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013. Study participants were members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care system (an integrated health care delivery system with access to bilingual PCPs and/or professional interpreter services). Spanish-speaking and English-only PCPs were identified by self-report or utilization data.
  
  
  
  Change in patient-PCP language concordance after switching PCPs.
  
  
  
  Glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] < 8%), poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 9%), low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) control (LDL < 100 mg/dL), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) control (SBP < 140 mm Hg).
  
  
  
  Overall, 1605 LEP Latino adults with diabetes (mean [SD] age, 60.5 [13.1] years) were included in this study, and there was a significant net improvement in glycemic and LDL control among patients who switched from language-discordant PCPs to concordant PCPs relative to those who switched from one discordant PCP to another discordant PCP. After adjustment and accounting for secular trends, the prevalence of glycemic control increased by 10% (95% CI, 2% to 17%; P = .01), poor glycemic control decreased by 4% (95% CI, -10% to 2%; P = .16) and LDL control increased by 9% (95% CI, 1% to 17%; P = .03). No significant changes were observed in SBP control. Prevalence of LDL control increased 15% (95% CI, 7% to 24%; P < .001) among LEP Latinos who switched from concordant to discordant PCPs. Risk factor control did not worsen following a PCP switch in any group.
  
  
  
  We observed significant improvements in glycemic control among LEP Latino patients with diabetes who switched from language-discordant to concordant PCPs. Facilitating language-concordant care may be a strategy for diabetes management among LEP Latinos.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California3Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Moffet
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.affiliation: Department of Adult and Family Medicine, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torreblanca
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Karter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003144:Communication Barriers; D065246:Culturally Competent Care / Q000592:standards*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000592:standards; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D062209:Patient Handoff / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D058996:Quality Improvement; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology