title: VacA and CagA Status as Biomarker of Two Opposite End Outcomes of Helicobacter pylori Infection (Gastric Cancer and Duodenal Ulcer) in a Moroccan Population.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection induces inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which may progress to precancerous lesions leading to gastric cancer. Pathological determinism is associated to some virulence genes of the bacterium, notably the vacA and cagA genes. The present study aimed to determine the H. pylori genotypes distribution and their association with sex, age and gastric diseases in a Moroccan population. Gastric biopsy was taken from 1079 consenting patients. The specimens were processed by PCR to identify H. pylori and to determine the genotypic profile by PCR characterizing vacA s, vacA m and vacA i regions directly from biopsies H. pylori positives. VacA genotyping revealed the predominance of vacA m2 (53.2%), vacA s2 (52.9%) and vacA i2 (52%). The most virulent vacA alleles (s1, i1 and m1) are more predominant in men (47.3%, 41.9% and 46.1% respectively) than in women (38.3%, 33.3% and 37% respectively). However, the association between vacA genotypes and age did not reach a statistical significant value. Logistic regression analysis results show that vacA i1m1 and vacA i1m2 genotypes were strongly associated with the risk of GC, the Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) was 29.73 [5.08-173.73] and 9.17 [2.06-40.82] respectively, while vacAs1/cagA+ seems to be a risk factor for DU since it is inversely associated with GC (OR was 0.13 [0.02-0.75]. The results of this study suggest that vacA i1 genotype independently to vacAm status may be of a clinical usefulness and will help to identify patients at a high risk of GC development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco.|Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mounia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Khadir
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Samia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alaoui Boukhris
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco.|Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Dafr-Allah
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Benajah
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Karima
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: El Rhazi
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco.|Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Sidi Adil
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ibrahimi
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hépato Gastro-entérologie, CHU Hassan II de Fès, Equipe Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, FMPF, Fez, Morocco.|Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Abkari
authors.affiliation: Service d'Anatomie Pathologique CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Taoufiq
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harmouch
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Epidémiologie et de Recherche Clinique, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Chakib
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nejjari
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie CHU Hassan II, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Faculté des Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benlemlih
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Equipe Micro-organismes, Génomique et Facteurs Oncogènes, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Fès (FMPF), Université Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez, Morocco.|Laboratoire de Pathologie Humaine, Biomédecine et Environnement, FMPF, USMBA, Fez, Morocco.
authors.forename: Bahia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bennani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori