title: Vasopressin and Related Peptides; Potential Value in Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Clinical Disorders.
abstract: Vasopressin (AVP) and its receptors play a pivotal role in maintaining body homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. As a consequence, the vasopressin system has emerged as an important target for both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in a number of medical conditions. Stoichiometric generation of AVP with copeptin, which is relatively accessible in the blood for measurements, makes copeptin a valuable surrogate of AVP. In this review, we present the regulation of release of AVP and activation of V1a, V1b, and V2 vasopressin receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. We make a survey of the role of AVP in: the regulation of the cardiovascular system; body fluid osmolality; natraemia; endocrine regulation; food intake; metabolism; circadian rhythmicity, immunological processes; and in the formation of learning, memory, cognition, and emotional and social behaviours. We also discuss the significance of the inappropriate functioning of the vasopressin system for: the development of cardiovascular diseases; disturbances of the water-electrolyte balance; energy metabolism; inflammatory processes; pain; neurogenic stress; memory disorders; depression; anxiety; autism; and schizophrenia. The structure and biological properties of peptide and non-peptide agonists and antagonists of V1a, V1b and V2 vasopressin receptors are presented and the potential use of copeptin and the current and likely indications for AVP agonists and antagonists in the diagnosis and therapeutics of multiple pathological conditions is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szczepanska-Sadowska
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Tymoteusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zera
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropeptides, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sosnowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1b, 02-097 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Puszko
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw. Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Misicka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003933:Diagnosis; D004358:Drug Therapy; D006801:Humans; D011379:Prognosis; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000819:agonists*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D014667:Vasopressins
keywords: Antidiuretic hormone; biomarkers; cardiovascular diseases; neuropeptides; psychiatric disorders; vaptans