title: Activity of the endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus in decolourisation and the reduction of reactive dyes' cytotoxicity in fish erythrocytes.
abstract: The current study investigates the potential for discolouration and degradation of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Black 5 textile dyes by endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus as well as the potential cytotoxicity of products or by-products generated by the treatments in fish erythrocytes. It was observed at 30 days that both endophytes showed biodegradation activity with 0.1 g mL-1of dyes. P. formosus showed highest extracellular and intracellular protein content levels after the 15th day, and Phlebia sp. stands out for production of extracellular laccase, indicating that this enzyme may be associated with the decolouration capacity. The dyes showed toxic effects in fishes at 0.01 g mL-1concentration, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei in erythrocyte cells. When degraded dyes treated by endophytes were tested, the frequency of micronuclei reduced approximately 20%, indicating the effectiveness of these endophytic in the treatment of textile dyes with less environmental impact, thus indicating a potential for application of these fungi in bioremediation process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lígia Maria Crubelati
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bulla
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Julio Cesar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Polonio
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, CEP 87020-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Luiza de Brito
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Portela-Castro
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kava
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: João Lúcio
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Parana, CEP 87020-900, Brazil. japamphile@uem.br.
authors.forename: João Alencar
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-5937
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pamphile
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D060026:Endophytes / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005399:Fishes; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D042845:Laccase / Q000378:metabolism; D015162:Micronucleus Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010143:Paecilomyces / Q000378:metabolism*; D013783:Textile Industry; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D042845:Laccase; C024758:Remazol Brilliant Blue R; C063421:Remazol black B
keywords: Biodegradation; Enzymatic activity; Micronucleus; Textile dye