title: Advanced imaging in acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis.
abstract: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) affecting the extremities is a common clinical problem. Prompt imaging aids in rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment. While ultrasound (US) remains the workhorse of detection of extremity venous thrombosis, CT and MRI are commonly used as the problem-solving tools either to visualize the thrombosis in central veins like superior or inferior vena cava (IVC) or to test for the presence of complications like pulmonary embolism (PE). The cross-sectional modalities also offer improved visualization of venous collaterals. The purpose of this article is to review the established modalities used for characterization and diagnosis of DVT, and further explore promising innovations and recent advances in this field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Changi General Hospital, S529889, Singapore.
authors.forename: Gita Yashwantrao
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Karande
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hedgire
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Yadiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging and intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Vinit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baliyan
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging and intervention, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Vishala
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Suvranu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganguli
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Anand M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
keywords: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT); acute DVT; chronic DVT; computed tomography venography (CTV); magnetic resonance venography (MR venography)