title: Investigations on Zr incorporation into Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.
abstract: Li3V2(PO4)3/C (LVP/C) composites have been modified by different ways of Zr-incorporation via ultrasonic-assisted solid-state reaction. The difference in the effect on the physicochemical properties and the electrochemical performance of LVP between Zr-doping and ZrO2-coating has also been investigated. Compared with pristine LVP/C, Zr-incorporated LVP/C composites exhibit better rate capability and cycling stability. In particular, the LVP/C-Zr electrode delivers the highest initial capacity of 150.4 mA h g-1at 10C with a capacity retention ratio of 88.4% after 100 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of Zr-incorporated LVP/C samples (LVZrP/C and LVP/C-Zr) is attributed to the increased ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity, the improved stability of the LVP structure, and the decreased charge-transfer resistance.
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China. zlljoy@126.com xlyang@ctgu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Hua-Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China. zlljoy@126.com xlyang@ctgu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ying-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China. zlljoy@126.com xlyang@ctgu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Lu-Lu
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, China Three Gorges University, 8 Daxue Road, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China. zlljoy@126.com xlyang@ctgu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xue-Lin
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-701X
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Nuclear A Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Zhong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-5912
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA.
authors.forename: Hanu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arave
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas 77341, USA.
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liang