title: Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta as a Novel Erythropoiesis Stimulating Agent with Possible Nephroprotective and Cardiovascular Protective Effects in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health problem, because of unsuccessful outcomes such as CKD progression to end stage renal disease and high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Anemia, associated with CKD, is considered a non-traditional risk factor for CVD which may contribute to faster CKD progression. Anemia treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) seems to exert non-hematopoietic effects on different tissues and organs, including cardiovascular system and kidneys. On the other hand, clinical use of high doses of short-acting ESAs and higher target hemoglobin level were associated with higher risk of CVD. Literature data indicate the usefulness of long-acting ESAs in treatment of anemia in non-dialysis CKD patients. In particular, continuous erythropoietin receptor activator seems to be a good choice in these patients because of its efficiency, safety and monthly administration. Continuous but slower erythropoietin receptor activation, using methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta (MPG-EPO), administered once a month, slowly corrects anemia without exceeding the recommended hemoglobin level. An overview of the available literature may suggest nephroprotective and cardiovascular protective effects of MPG-EPO. It seems possible that anemia treatment with a novel ESAs, MPG-EPO in early stages of CKD may reduce CVD risk in these patients and delay CKD progression. This review of available literature evaluates the correlation between continuous erythropoietin receptor activation using MPG-EPO and CKD progression and CVD risk in non-dialysis CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Zeromski Street 113, 90-596 Lodz. Poland.
authors.forename: Bartnicki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Piotr
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz. Poland.
authors.forename: Stepien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mariusz
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz. Poland.
authors.forename: Rysz
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacek
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; C508420:continuous erythropoietin receptor activator; D004921:Erythropoietin; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols
keywords: Erythropoietin; anemia; chronic
  kidney disease; continuous erythropoietin receptor activator; methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta