title: Prostate-specific Antigen Levels in Moroccan Diabetic Males: A Cross-sectional Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have shown an inverse relationship between diabetes and prostate- specific antigen (PSA) levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to evaluate the PSA levels in the serum of diabetic and non-diabetic Moroccan males.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, four hundred and seventy diabetic and 869 non-diabetic males were screened from January 2015 to April 2016 at Pasteur institute of Morocco. Hemoglobin A1c and Fasting Blood Glucose were measured using high performance liquid chromatography and dry chemistry, respectively. We used a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay technology to evaluate the levels of Serum PSA and testosterone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the PSA levels revealed no significant difference between diabetic and non-diabetic males (1.31 ± 0.04ng/mL vs.1.36 ± 0.03ng/mL, p = 0.380, respectively). The PSA levels increased with age both in non-diabetics and diabetics. Moreover, in diabetic subjects, the PSA levels were less age dependent (p =0.002) than in non-diabetic (p < 0.0001). The stratified analysis showed that the PSA was significantly lower in diabetic than in non-diabetic subjects aged between 50-59 years (p= 0.0004). Furthermore, no significant testosterone concentrations were observed in the subjects with or without diabetes (p= 0.904).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the PSA levels are age-dependant in diabetic and non-diabetic males but the PSA levels are affected by diabetes status only in the group aged between 50-59 years.
authors.affiliation: Hormonology and Tumor Markers Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelhakim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ainahi
authors.affiliation: Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Abdelhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brakat
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Lahcen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wakrim
authors.affiliation: Biochemstry Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.affiliation: Hormonology and Tumor Markers Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Naima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: ElMdaghri
authors.affiliation: Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
authors.forename: Sayeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ezzikouri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Prostate specific antigen testing; diabetes; ethnic origin; fasting blood glucose; prostate cancer; testosterone.