title: Synthesis and characterization of a novel series of 1,4-dihydropyridine analogues for larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis.
abstract: The new-fangled bis(4-substituted benzyl) 4-(4-substitued phenyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives were synthesized by the union of substituted aryl aldehyde, tert-butyl acetoacetate, ammonium carbonate with 4-substituted benzyl alcohol via Hantzsch ester synthesis in aqueous medium under catalyst-free conditions. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR (1H and13C), ESI mass, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The characterized title compounds were evaluated for the larvicidal activity against Anopheles arabiensis by standard WHO larvicidal assay method using Temephos as standard at 4 μg/ml. The title compounds bis(4-methoxybenzyl) 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate and bis(4-chlorobenzyl) 2,6-dimethyl-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate exhibited promising larvicidal activity at 65.6% and 72.2%, respectively, when compared with the standard compound at 98.9%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Bhaskara D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Dharma Rao
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Subhrajyoti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhandary
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-6007
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chopra
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Katharigatta N
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-1549
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Venugopala
authors.affiliation: IMBIV, CREAN (CONICET-UNC), Av. Valparaíso s.n., and FCEFyN, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: Raquel M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gleiser
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Kabange
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasumbwe
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: Bharti
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Odhav
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D007306:Insecticides; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine
keywords: Hantzsch synthesis; crystallography; dihydropyridine; larvicidal activity.; multi-component reaction