title: Increased lipid accumulation and adipogenic gene expression of adipocytes in 3D bioprinted nanocellulose scaffolds.
abstract: Compared to standard 2D culture systems, new methods for 3D cell culture of adipocytes could provide more physiologically accurate data and a deeper understanding of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. By resuspending living cells in a bioink of nanocellulose and hyaluronic acid, we were able to print 3D scaffolds with uniform cell distribution. After one week in culture, cell viability was 95%, and after two weeks the cells displayed a more mature phenotype with larger lipid droplets than standard 2D cultured cells. Unlike cells in 2D culture, the 3D bioprinted cells did not detach upon lipid accumulation. After two weeks, the gene expression of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and FABP4 was increased 2.0- and 2.2-fold, respectively, for cells in 3D bioprinted constructs compared with 2D cultured cells. Our 3D bioprinted culture system produces better adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and a more mature cell phenotype than conventional 2D culture systems.
authors.affiliation: 3D Bioprinting Center, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden. Cellink, 470 Ramona Street, Palo Alto 94391, CA, United States of America.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gatenholm
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hägg
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D050156:Adipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D062028:Bioprinting / Q000379:methods*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid