title: Effects of fenoterol on the skeletal system depend on the androgen level.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of sympathetic nervous system in the osseous tissue remodeling is not clear enough.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of fenoterol, a selective β2-adrenomimetic drug, on the skeletal system of normal and androgen deficient (orchidectomized) rats were studied in vivo. Osteoclastogenesis and mRNA expression in osteoblasts were investigated in vitro in mouse cell cultures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fenoterol administered to animals with physiological androgen level unfavorably affected the skeletal system, damaging the bone microarchitecture. Androgen deficiency induced osteoporotic changes, and fenoterol protected the osseous tissue from consequences of androgen deficiency. The results of in vitro studies correlated with the in vivo observations. A significantly increased number of osteoclasts in bone marrow cell cultures to which testosterone and fenoterol were added simultaneously was demonstrated. In cultures without the addition of testosterone, fenoterol significantly inhibited osteoclastogenesis in comparison with control cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the favorable action of fenoterol in conditions of testosterone deficiency, and its destructive influence upon the skeleton in the presence of androgens. The results confirm the key role of sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of bone remodeling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland. Electronic address: lsliw@o2.pl.
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Śliwiński
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cegieła
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pytlik
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folwarczna
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Janas
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zbrojkiewicz
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005280:Fenoterol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005280:Fenoterol; D013739:Testosterone
keywords: Androgens; Bone; Fenoterol; Osteoblasts; Osteoclasts