title: Effect of Vancomycin, Tylosin, and Chlortetracycline on Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium Colonization of Broiler Chickens During Grow-Out.
abstract: Broiler chickens may serve as reservoirs for human colonization by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). We examined the effects of vancomycin and two commonly used antimicrobial feed additives on VRE colonization in broiler chickens during grow-out. Chicks received unsupplemented feed or feed containing vancomycin, chlortetracycline, or tylosin from day of hatch to grow-out at 6 weeks. At 3 days of age, chicks received by crop gavage 107colony-forming units (CFUs) of a human or poultry VRE isolate. Cecal contents were monitored weekly for VRE, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bacterial denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile methods. Vancomycin promoted persistent and high-level colonization with human- and poultry-derived VRE to grow-out in comparison with controls, while treatment with chlortetracycline and tylosin did not. Colonization by the poultry isolate in control, chlortetracycline, and tylosin groups persisted throughout the grow-out period with low concentrations present at 6 weeks, whereas the human isolate decreased to an undetectable level by week 6. Vancomycin resulted in significant reductions in cecal acetic acid and butyric acid in comparison with controls, but chlortetracycline and tylosin did not. DGGE profiles contained two main clusters with all vancomycin profiles in a smaller cluster and all other profiles in a larger cluster. These results demonstrate that vancomycin, but not chlortetracycline or tylosin, disrupted the indigenous microbiota and SCFA patterns of broiler chickens and promoted colonization by VRE.
authors.affiliation: 1 Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center , Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.affiliation: 2 Infectious Diseases Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Cleveland, Ohio.
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Donskey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D058645:Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D015645:Tylosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D014640:Vancomycin; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D015645:Tylosin
keywords: DGGE; SCFA; VRE; broiler; ceca