title: Nephroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pistacia atlantica Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats.
abstract: Gentamicin in overdose can lead to tubular injury and kidney dysfunction. Some antioxidants can protect kidneys against nephrotoxicity. This study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Pistacia atlantica (P. atlantica) leaf hydroethanolic extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Forty rats were divided into five groups: the first group received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of normal saline. The second group received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). The third, fourth, and fifth groups were orally treated with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract, respectively, and they also received gentamicin (120 mg/kg, i.p.). After seven days, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine (Cr), urea, uric acid, lipids profile, protein carbonyl (PC), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined. Also, a piece of kidney was used to determine catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, vitamin C, the gene expression of TNF-α, and for subsequent histopathological studies. Treatment with P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in CAT, SOD, vitamin C, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the levels of Cr, urea, uric acid, MDA, PC, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TNF-α protein, and the gene expression of TNF-α compared with the untreated group. Histopathological studies show that in lymphocyte infiltration, remarkable reduction was observed in P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract-treated groups, compared with the untreated group. The present study suggests that P. atlantica leaf hydroethanolic extract has protective effects against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: a Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Esfandiar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heidarian
authors.affiliation: b Department of Traditional Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
authors.forename: Effat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jafari-Dehkordi
authors.affiliation: c Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Parisa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valipour
authors.affiliation: d Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Keihan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghatreh-Samani
authors.affiliation: e Department of Internal Medicine , Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences , Shahrekord , Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ashrafi-Eshkaftaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D027927:Pistacia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents
keywords: Pistacia atlantica; anti-inflammatory; antioxidant; gentamicin; nephrotoxicity; oxidative stress