title: Antiosteoporotic effect of Hemidesmus indicus Linn. on ovariectomised rats.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  Root of Hemidesmus indicus (L). R. Br., an herbal drug of India is traditionally used to prevent or treat female hormonal disturbance related disorders and assuaging symptoms of menopausal conditions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Lack of scientific data for potential use in bone loss, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Hemidesmus indicus root for osteoporosis in ovariectomised rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty wistar female rats were randomly divided into five groups. One group was sham operated and other four groups were undergone dorsal ovariectomy (OVX). After four weeks of post-operative recovery, three OVX groups, viz. Group1, Group2 and Group3 were treated for ninety days with standard raloxifene (RLX) 1mg/kg/day, Hemidesmus indicus root extract (HIRE) 100mg/kg/day and HIRE 200mg/kg/day respectively. Sham and OVX control groups were fed with equal 1% vehicle volume. Serum and urine biochemistry (alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, triglyceride, total cholesterol, calcium, phosphorous and hydroxyproline), weight of body, uterus and vagina, femur parameters, three point bending of tibia and fourth lumbar vertebra compression were examined. Furthermore, bone architecture and uterine hypertrophy were examined by histopathological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Application of HIRE has increased bone strength and restored bone turnover markers such as alkaline phosphatase, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and hydroxyproline moreover, improved femur parameters indicated mineralized bones, similar to the results observed with raloxifene treatment. Histopathology studies showed fibrocartilaginous proliferation of trabecular bone and absence of uterine hypertrophy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results strongly suggest that HIRE prevents bone loss in OVX induced osteoporosis without estrogen like side effects. It might be a potential remedy like raloxifene for postmenopausal or estrogen deficiency caused osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: sharadarva@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Desai
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Parth
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Madhavi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakarani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Kunal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Baroda College of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paranjape
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D031102:Hemidesmus; D006801:Humans; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018517:Plant Roots; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Hemidesmus Indicus; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Phyto-estrogen; Phyto-progesterone