title: Preparation of Thermo-Responsive and Cross-Linked Fluorinated Nanoparticles via RAFT-Mediated Aqueous Polymerization in Nanoreactors.
abstract: In this work, a thermo-responsive and cross-linked fluoropolymer poly(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl) methacrylate (PTFEMA) was successfully prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated aqueous polymerization with a thermo-responsive diblock poly(dimethylacrylamide-b-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PDMA-b-PNIPAM) that performed a dual function as both a nanoreactor and macro-RAFT agent. The cross-linked polymer particles proved to be in a spherical-like structure of about 50 nm in diameter and with a relatively narrow particle size distribution. ¹H-NMR and19F-NMR spectra showed that thermo-responsive diblock P(DMA-b-NIPAM) and cross-linked PTFEMA particles were successfully synthesized. Influence of the amount of ammonium persulfate (APS), the molar ratio of monomers to RAFT agent, influence of the amount of cross-linker on aqueous polymerization and thermo-responsive characterization of the particles are investigated. Monomer conversion increased from 44% to 94% with increasing the molar ratio of APS and P(DMA-b-NIPAM) from 1:9 to1:3. As the reaction proceeded, the particle size increased from 29 to 49 nm due to the consumption of TFEMA monomer. The size of cross-linked nanoparticles sharply decreased from 50.3 to 40.5 nm over the temperature range 14-44 °C, suggesting good temperature sensitivity for these nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. majiachen9209@163.com.|Shandong Engineering Research Center for Fluorinated Material, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. majiachen9209@163.com.
authors.forename: Jiachen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. ujnb636@163.com.|Shandong Engineering Research Center for Fluorinated Material, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. ujnb636@163.com.
authors.forename: Luqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. chm_gengb@ujn.edu.cn.|Shandong Engineering Research Center for Fluorinated Material, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. chm_gengb@ujn.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. umair.azhar9922@gmail.com.|Shandong Engineering Research Center for Fluorinated Material, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. umair.azhar9922@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Umair
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. chm_xuah@ujn.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Anhou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. fhx_zhangsx@163.com.|Shandong Engineering Research Center for Fluorinated Material, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China. fhx_zhangsx@163.com.
authors.forename: Shuxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D054879:Halogenation; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D058105:Polymerization; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers
keywords: RAFT polymerization; aqueous polymerization; cross-linking; nanoreactor; temperature sensitivity