title: Benign vascular lesions of the lips: Diagnostic approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although not rare, vascular lesions occurring in the lips sometimes poses a difficult in properly diagnosing and handling them. In this study, vascular lesions occurring in the lips were retrieved from an Oral Pathology Service.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 5600 biopsies, 131 cases were found. The following diagnoses were attributed: caliber-persistent artery, infantile hemangioma, vascular malformation, venous lake, thrombus, papillary endothelial hyperplasia and pyogenic granuloma. Clinical data were obtained from patients' records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The lesions' frequency were: pyogenic granuloma (48%), followed by venous lake (17.5%), thrombus (14.5%), papillary endothelial hyperplasia (9.1%), infantile hemangioma (6.1%), caliber-persistent artery (3%) and vascular malformation (1.5%). Glucose transporter protein of the erythrocyte type was positive only in infantile hemangioma. The other markers (CD34 and smooth muscle action) were positive in all lesions, except for podoplanin, which was negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to be aware of the occurrence of different vascular lip lesions and their histomorphologies in order to properly handle them. Despite most lesions do not represent any risk to the patient, some of them can reach large dimensions and thus cause aesthetical trouble. Immunohistochemistry may help when the vascular character of the lesion is not promptly determined and to differentiate among some lesions.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Priscila L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tobouti
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Olegário
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Suzana C O M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-9608
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Sousa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
keywords: 
  GLUT-1 protein; lip; oral pathology; oral vascular lesions