title: Antihyperlipidaemic effect of triterpenic acid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves in hyperlipidaemic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja (Juglandaceae) is an edible and medicinal plant; the leaves are used in Chinese folkloric medicine to treat dyslipidaemia and diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the antihyperlipidaemic potential of the triterpenic acid-enriched fraction (TAE) from C. paliurus and the underlying mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The hyperlipidaemic rats were induced by high fat diet for 6 weeks. After oral administration of TAE (200 and 400 mg/kg), the neutral fraction (150 and 300 mg/kg) and statin (4 mg/kg) to the hyperlipidaemic rats for 4 weeks, lipid profile and apolipoprotein (apoB48) level in plasma, and the expression levels of apoB48, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in intestine were examined. The main constituents in the TAE were identified by HPLC-MS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TAE administration (400 mg/kg) decreased the levels of atherogenic lipids in serum and liver (p < 0.05) and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 19.7%. Furthermore, TAE treatment (200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased plasma apoB48 level by 15.3 and 19.5%, downregulated intestinal apoB48 and MTP expression levels (p < 0.05), and inhibited TNF-α expression by 36.2 and 56.2% and the phosphorylation level of MAPK by 8.8 and 13.2%, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of pentacyclic- and tetracyclic-triterpene acids in TAE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggested that TAE possessed antihyperlipidaemic activity partially involved in the inhibitory effect on apoB48 overproduction, which may provide evidence about its potential role in ameliorating dyslipidaemia.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b Laboratory of Translational Medicine , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zhengfeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tianhong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: c Laboratory Animal Research Center , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Rongling
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b Laboratory of Translational Medicine , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|b Laboratory of Translational Medicine , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Cuihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmacy , JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , P.R. China.|e Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: e Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Chuntao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Che
authors.affiliation: b Laboratory of Translational Medicine , Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanjing , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: a Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry & State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , P.R. China.|e Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy , and WHO Collaborating Center for Tradition Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
authors.forename: Zhiqi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029525:Juglandaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D053283:Apolipoprotein B-48; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014315:Triterpenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
keywords: Apolipoprotein B48; Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Tumor necrosis factor-alpha