title: Three-dimensional printed magnetophoretic system for the continuous flow separation of avian influenza H5N1 viruses.
abstract: As a result of the low concentration of avian influenza viruses in samples for routine screening, the separation and concentration of these viruses are vital for their sensitive detection. We present a novel three-dimensional printed magnetophoretic system for the continuous flow separation of the viruses using aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticles, a magnetophoretic chip, a magnetic field, and a fluidic controller. The magnetic field was designed based on finite element magnetic simulation and developed using neodymium magnets with a maximum intensity of 0.65 T and a gradient of 32 T/m for dragging the nanoparticle-virus complexes. The magnetophoretic chip was designed by SOLIDWORKS and fabricated by a three-dimensional printer with a magnetophoretic channel for the continuous flow separation of the viruses using phosphate-buffered saline as carrier flow. The fluidic controller was developed using a microcontroller and peristaltic pumps to inject the carrier flow and the viruses. The trajectory of the virus-nanoparticle complexes was simulated using COMSOL for optimization of the carrier flow and the magnetic field, respectively. The results showed that the H5N1 viruses could be captured, separated, and concentrated using the proposed magnetophoretic system with the separation efficiency up to 88% in a continuous flow separation time of 2 min for a sample volume of 200 μL.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.|Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Yuhe
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Yanbin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
authors.forename: Ronghui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Maohua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jianhan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008280:Magnetics; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D014773:Virology / Q000295:instrumentation*
keywords: avian influenza virus; continuous flow separation; magnetophoresis; three-dimensional printing