title: Investigation of the vitamin D nutritional status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in Beijing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vitamin D deficiency is a common issue, which has relation with GDM, during the pregnant period. To study the Vitamin D nutritional status of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the middle and late pregnancy and analyze the different sources of Vitamin D intake.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of ninety-eight pregnant women with GDM were enrolled voluntarily in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, Vitamin D supplement intake and control group. The level of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25-OH Vit D) and the sources of Vitamin D intake and the frequency of food consumption rich in Vitamin D were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence rate of Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L) was 20.4%. The range of serum 25-OH Vitamin D2 level was 0-24.71 nmol/L, with the detection rate of 19.4% (19/98). Eighty-four cases (85.7%) took Vitamin D supplements with duration of 2w-31w, and with average daily intake dose of 517.5 ± 113.1 IU. Patients who took Vitamin D supplements had higher serum level of 25-OH Vitamin D than who did not (74.35 ± 26.13 vs 60.45 ± 23.63 nmol/L, p = 0.031), and the rates of deficiency were 17.9% and 35.7%, respectively. In terms of seasonal difference, during autumn, the serum 25-OH Vitamin D2 level in the group who took Vitamin D supplements was significantly higher than control group (78.59 ± 27.54 vs 46.18 ± 18.77 nmol/L, p = 0.045). The diet records showed that the frequencies of consumption of dairy products and eggs among patients were 7.5 ± 3.8/week and 5.6 ± 2.2/week, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the patients took Vitamin D supplements which may help to maintain the nutritional balance of Vitamin D.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China. liuyanping_lyp16@163.com.
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Food policy and applied nutrition/Public Health, School of Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, USA.
authors.forename: Qiaer
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanyuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, 100730, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000068476:Beijing / Q000453:epidemiology; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011247:Pregnancy; D012621:Seasons; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D
keywords: 25-OH VitD; 25-OH VitD2; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Pregnancy; Vitamin D deficiency