title: A Review of Extraction and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tartrazine (E 102) in Foodstuffs.
abstract: Tartrazine is an azo food dye, which is orange-colored and water soluble. It is usually used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles. Tartrazine has the potential to cause an adverse health effect on humans, such as hyperactivity in children, allergy, and asthma. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additive and EU Scientific Committee for Food have standardized the acceptable daily intake for tartrazine that is 7.5 mg kg-1body weight. Many researchers have detected the presence of tartrazine for monitoring the quality and safety of food products. In this review paper, we highlighted various tartrazine detection and extraction methods. Some of the analytical methods are available such as high-performance liquid chromatography, electrochemical sensor, thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Also, we discuss following extraction steps: liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, membrane filtration, cloud point extraction, and other extraction method. In addition, a brief overview is presented explaining the synthesis process and metabolism of tartrazine and the maximum permitted level in different countries. This review paper will give an insight into different extraction and analytical methods for the determination of tartrazine in healthy foods, which will attract the attention of public toward food safety and quality, and also the interest of food industry and government bodies.
authors.affiliation: a Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS , Sabah , Malaysia.|b Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition , Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS , Sabah , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Kobun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rovina
authors.affiliation: a Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS , Sabah , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Shafiquzzaman
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3122-0463
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siddiquee
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition , Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS , Sabah , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Sharifudin Md
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shaarani
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005505:Food Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D013645:Tartrazine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005505:Food Coloring Agents; D013645:Tartrazine
keywords: Chromatography; electrochemical sensor; extraction; synthetic color; tartrazine