title: Comparison of some secondary metabolite content in the seventeen species of the Boraginaceae family.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Boraginaceae family comprises plants that have important therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Their pharmacological effect is related to the presence of naphthaquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, or purine derivative - allantoin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, comparison of some secondary metabolite content and phytochemical relationship between 17 species of the Boraginaceae family were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  High performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) was used to perform a chemometric analysis in the following Boraginaceae species: Anchusa azurea Mill., Anchusa undulata L., Borago officinalis L., Buglossoides purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst., Cerinthe minor L., Cynoglossum creticum Mill, Echium italicum L., Echium russicum J.F. Gmel., Echium vulgare L., Lindelofia macrostyla (Bunge) Popov (syn. Lindelofia anchusoides (Lindl.) Lehm.), Lithospermum officinale L., Nonea lutea (Desr.) DC., Omphalodes verna Moench (syn. Cynoglossum omphaloides L.), Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex Hornem., Pulmonaria obscura Dumort., Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit ex Willd., and Symphytum officinale L.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six active compounds in shoot extracts (allantoin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid) and four compounds in root extracts (allantoin, hydrocaffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, and shikonin) were identified. The presence and abundance of these compounds were used for the characterization of the species and for revealing their phytochemical similarity and differentiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides the first comprehensive report of the extraction and quantification of several compounds in Boraginaceae species (some of them for the first time). Among the 17 species studied, species with potentially high pharmacological activity were recognized.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Physiology , Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dresler
authors.affiliation: b Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: Grażyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Szymczak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Plant Physiology , Maria Curie-Skłodowska University , Lublin , Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wójcik
mesh_terms: D028082:Boraginaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts
keywords: Chemometrics; allantoin; capillary electrophoresis; rosmarinic acid; rutin; shikonin