title: The Adolescent Health Care Broker-Adolescents Interpreting for Family Members and Themselves in Health Care.
abstract: Parents with limited English proficiency might rely on their adolescent children to interpret health information. We call this adolescent healthcare brokering. Using a mixed-methods, transformative research approach rooted in grounded theory, we sought to answer these questions: (a) "What is happening? What are people doing?" and (b) "What do these stories indicate? What might they suggest about social justice?" High school students from a community in which 53.4% speak another language at home were invited to participate in a survey and focus groups. Of 238 survey participants, 57.5% (n = 137) indicated they assisted with healthcare tasks. When doing so, 81.7% (n = 112) translated. Common tasks were reading prescriptions and talking to doctors. While some participants cited negative emotions associated with brokering, the net emotion was positive. Focus groups (n = 11) revealed that tasks varied broadly in complexity and type, emotional experiences were dichotomous, and access to interpreting services and other supports was inconsistent. This research adopts an advocacy lens and uses a mixed-methods, transformative research approach rooted in grounded theory to describe and call attention to a social justice phenomenon we call adolescent healthcare brokering. We define adolescent healthcare brokering as young people acting as linguistic interpreters in healthcare situations for themselves and for family members with limited English proficiency (LEP). In such situations, language acts as a barrier to health literacy and access to healthcare [17]. Despite this known barrier, there is a gap in the research regarding how to successfully address this situation (McKee, Paasche-Orlow, Journal of health communication 17(3):7-12, 2012).
authors.affiliation: Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA. j-banas@neiu.edu.
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1289-9255
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Banas
authors.affiliation: Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.affiliation: Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.affiliation: Waukegan High School, Waukegan, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gershon
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D054242:Emigrants and Immigrants; D004644:Emotions; D005195:Family Relations; D005260:Female; D057220:Health Literacy; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000208:ethnology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014175:Translating
keywords: Adolescent; Community health; Healthcare; Immigrant; Interpreting; Limited English proficiency; School health