title: Attentional deployment impacts neural response to regret.
abstract: Regret results from comparing non-optimal outcomes containing both gain and loss parts to better alternatives during decision-making. The present fMRI study aimed to explore whether levels of regret could change when gain or loss part of a non-optimal outcome was focused during a sequential risk taking task, i.e. the effect of an important emotional regulation strategy named as attentional deployment on regret. Participants were asked to open a series of boxes consecutively and decided when to stop. Each box contained a reward, except for one containing a devil to zero one's gain in the trial. After participants stopped, both collected gains and missed chances were revealed. Besides, participants were induced to focus on collected gains (GF) or missed chances (MF), by highlighting different parts of the outcome with red squares. Behaviorally, participants rated less regret to their decisions in GF than MF context. Moreover, participants tended to be less risk-taking after GF context relative to MF. At the neural level, bilateral straitum showed increased activations in both optimal outcome and GF context. However, right MFG and IPL only showed stronger activation in GF than MF context. Additionally, pgACC and mPFC activations were found only in optimal outcome.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.
authors.forename: Zhiyuan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.|Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Zhejiang Yuying Education Group, Hangzhou,China.
authors.forename: Fanzhi Anita
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.|Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, SH, China.
authors.forename: Xiuyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001519:Behavior; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D055815:Young Adult