title: Human and Helicobacter pylori Interactions Determine the Outcome of Gastric Diseases.
abstract: The innate immune response is a critical hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection. Epithelial and myeloid cells produce effectors, including the chemokine CXCL8, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO), in response to bacterial components. Mechanistic and epidemiologic studies have emphasized that dysregulated and persistent release of these products leads to the development of chronic inflammation and to the molecular and cellular events related to carcinogenesis. Moreover, investigations in H. pylori-infected patients about polymorphisms of the genes encoding CXCL8 and inducible NO synthase, and epigenetic control of the ROS-producing enzyme spermine oxidase, have further proven that overproduction of these molecules impacts the severity of gastric diseases. Lastly, the critical effect of the crosstalk between the human host and the infecting bacterium in determining the severity of H. pylori-related diseases has been supported by phylogenetic analysis of the human population and their H. pylori isolates in geographic areas with varying clinical and pathologic outcomes of the infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.|Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Alain P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gobert
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.|Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.|Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.|Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.|Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. keith.wilson@vanderbilt.edu.
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Chemokine; Coevolution; Nitric oxide; Reactive oxygen species