title: OsCESA9 conserved-site mutation leads to largely enhanced plant lodging resistance and biomass enzymatic saccharification by reducing cellulose DP and crystallinity in rice.
abstract: Genetic modification of plant cell walls has been posed to reduce lignocellulose recalcitrance for enhancing biomass saccharification. Since cellulose synthase (CESA) gene was first identified, several dozen CESA mutants have been reported, but almost all mutants exhibit the defective phenotypes in plant growth and development. In this study, the rice (Oryza sativa) Osfc16 mutant with substitutions (W481C, P482S) at P-CR conserved site in CESA9 shows a slightly affected plant growth and higher biomass yield by 25%-41% compared with wild type (Nipponbare, a japonica variety). Chemical and ultrastructural analyses indicate that Osfc16 has a significantly reduced cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and thinner secondary cell walls compared with wild type. CESA co-IP detection, together with implementations of a proteasome inhibitor (MG132) and two distinct cellulose inhibitors (Calcofluor, CGA), shows that CESA9 mutation could affect integrity of CESA4/7/9 complexes, which may lead to rapid CESA proteasome degradation for low-DP cellulose biosynthesis. These may reduce cellulose CrI, which improves plant lodging resistance, a major and integrated agronomic trait on plant growth and grain production, and enhances biomass enzymatic saccharification by up to 2.3-fold and ethanol productivity by 34%-42%. This study has for the first time reported a direct modification for the low-DP cellulose production that has broad applications in biomass industries.
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology, Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Fengcheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Jiangfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Miaomiao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Yanting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Ao
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Xukai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Chengcheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee- Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.|Department of Forestry, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Tennessee- Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.|Department of Forestry, The University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ragauskas
authors.affiliation: Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.|College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Liangcai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; C036909:lignocellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D005964:Glucosyltransferases; C478648:cellulose synthase
keywords: CESA; biomass saccharification; cellulose; lodging resistance; rice