title: YAMATO Study (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Edaravone Combination Therapy).
abstract: We investigated whether administration of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, before or during tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) can enhance early recanalization in a major arterial occlusion.
  
  
  
  The YAMATO study (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Edaravone Combination Therapy) is an investigator-initiated, multicenter (17 hospitals in Japan), prospective, randomized, and open-label study. Patients with stroke secondary to occlusion of the M1 or M2 portion of the middle cerebral artery and within 4.5 hours of the onset were studied. The subjects were randomly allocated to the early group (intravenous edaravone [30 mg] was started before or during tPA) and the late group (edaravone was started after tPA and the assessment of early recanalization).
  
  
  
  One-hundred sixty-five patients (96 men; median age [interquartile range], of 78 [69-85] years) were randomized 1:1 to either the early group (82 patients) or the late group (83 patients). Primary outcome, defined as an early recanalization 1.5 hour after tPA, was observed in 53% of the early group and in 53% of the late group (P=1.000). About secondary outcomes, the rate of significant recanalization of ≥50% was not different between the 2 groups (28% versus 34%;P=0.393). The symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage has occurred in 4 patients (5%) in the early group and in 2 patients (2%) in the late group (P=0.443). The favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) at 3 months was also similar between the groups (53% versus 57%;P=0.738).
  
  
  
  The timing of edaravone infusion does not affect the rate of early recanalization, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, or favorable outcome after tPA therapy.
  
  
  
  URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm. Unique identifier: UMIN000006330.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.). aokijy@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Metoki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Todo
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terasawa
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanahashi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitsumura
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuramoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Mutsumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan (J.A., K.K.); Department of Stroke Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan (J.A., K.K., T. Inoue); Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan (N. Morita); Department of Radiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (M.H.); Hirosaki Stroke and Rehabilitation Center, Japan (N. Metoki); Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Hospital, Japan (Y. Tateishi); Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan (K.T., H.Y.); Fukui-ken Saiseikai Hospital, Fukui, Japan (K.H.); Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Japan (Y. Terasawa, K.F., N.Y.); Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (I.D., N.T.); Japanese Red Cross Okayama Hospital, Japan (T. Iwanaga); Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Japan (N.K.); Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.M., Y.I.); Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan (Y.U., Y.K.); Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Japan (T.O.); Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Stroke Center, Steel Memorial Yawata Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan (S.F.); Department of Neurology, Yokohama Sakae Kyosai Hospital, Japan (M.Y.); and Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan (S.N.).
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagahiro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator
keywords: cerebral hemorrhage; magnetic resonance angiography; stroke; thrombolytic therapy; tissue-type plasminogen activator