title: Formulation and optimization of doxorubicin loaded polymeric nanoparticles using Box-Behnken design: ex-vivo stability and in-vitro activity.
abstract: Biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) have gained tremendous interest for targeting chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor environment. Inspite of several advances sufficient encapsulation along with the controlled release and desired size range have remained as considerable challenges. Hence, the present study examines the formulation optimization of doxorubicin loaded PLGA NPs (DOX-PLGA-NPs), prepared by single emulsion method for cancer targeting. Critical process parameters (CPP) were selected by initial screening. Later, Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used for analyzing the effect of the selected CPP on critical quality attributes (CQA) and to generate a design space. The optimized formulation was stabilized by lyophilization and was used for in-vitro drug release and in-vitro activity on A549 cell line. Moreover, colloidal stability of the NPs in the biological milieu was assessed. Amount of PLGA and PVA, oil:water ratio and sonication time were the selected independent factors for BBD. The statistical data showed that a quadratic model was fitted to the data obtained. Additionally, the lack of fit values for the models was not significant. The delivery system showed sustained release behavior over a period of 120h and was governed by Fickian diffusion. The multipoint analysis at 24, 48 and 72h showed gradual reduction in IC50 value of DOX-PLGA-NPs (p<0.05, Fig. 9). DOX-PLGA-NPs were found to be stable in the biological fluids indicating their in-vivo applicability. In conclusion, optimization of the DOX-PLGA-NPs by BBD yielded in a promising drug carrier for doxorubicin that could provide a novel treatment modality for cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, NIRMA University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Gota, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
authors.forename: Muhammad Vaseem
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India; Faculty of Pharmacy, NIRMA University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Gota, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
authors.forename: Manika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kala
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, B. V. Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre, S. G. Highway, Thaltej, Ahmedabad, 380054, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: manishnivsarkar@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nivsarkar
mesh_terms: D000072283:A549 Cells; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D065546:Drug Liberation; D004355:Drug Stability; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004655:Emulsions; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D004317:Doxorubicin
keywords: Colloidal stability; Doxorubicin; Factorial design; Nanoparticles; PLGA