title: Design and applications of Ti nano-electrode for denitrification of groundwater.
abstract: In the present study, a Ti-nano-electrode was fabricated for electrochemical denitrification. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the optimization of the factors that influence the production of Ti nano-electrodes. Box-Behnken design was applied to develop mathematical models for predicting the best electrochemical nitrate removal geometry. Parameters interacting together can be identified in this typical electrochemical removal process. A correlation coefficient R2> 0.90 for the mathematical model was predicted to be a high correlation between observed and predicted values. The optimal NH4F concentration, oxidation time and oxidation voltage for preparation of Ti nano-electrode in the present experiment are 0.03 wt%, 34.61 min and 6.31 V, respectively. In this case, the increase in the nitrate reduction efficiency was more d (105%) than that from an untreated electrode, and energy consumption was 4.45 × 10-4kWh.
authors.affiliation: a School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.|b School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing , People's Republic of China.|c State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Lele
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: a School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.|c State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin , China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Miao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a School of Environment, Tsinghua University , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Chuanping
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: b School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , Beijing , People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Weiwu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D058440:Denitrification; D055664:Electrochemical Techniques; D004566:Electrodes; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D060587:Groundwater / Q000032:analysis; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D064751:Ammonium Compounds; D009566:Nitrates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C024822:ammonium fluoride; D014025:Titanium; D005459:Fluorides
keywords: Box–Behnken design; Electrochemical reduction; Ti nano-electrode; nitrate; response surface methodology