title: Adjunctive antidepressant use in schizophrenia in China: A national survey (2002-2012).
abstract: This study examined the pattern of adjunctive antidepressant use in schizophrenia patients and its demographic and clinical correlates in a nationwide survey in China.
  
  
  
  Fourteen thousand and thirteen patients in 45 Chinese psychiatric hospitals or centers were interviewed (4,486 in 2002, 5,288 in 2006, and 4,239 in 2012). Patients' sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were recorded using a standardized protocol and data collection procedure. Chi-square test, independent-samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used in data analyses.
  
  
  
  Antidepressant use was found in 5.2% of the study population with 4.6% in 2002, 4.3% in 2006, and 6.9% in 2012, respectively. A significant increase in use from 2006 to 2012 was found (p < .001). Multiple logistic regression analyses in the whole population revealed that patients receiving adjunctive antidepressants were more likely to be outpatients in tertiary referral centers (level-III hospitals) and who had an earlier age of onset, less severe global illness, but more depressive symptoms. They were less likely to receive first-generation antipsychotics but more likely to receive benzodiazepines (R2= 0.255, p < .001).
  
  
  
  Despite an increasing trend, the frequency of antidepressant use in schizophrenia in China was considerably lower than in Western countries. The benefits and risks associated with concomitant use of antidepressants in schizophrenia need to be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yun-Ai
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, China and Center of Depression, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macao SAR, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Tao
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.affiliation: Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: The University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, WA, Australia.|School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
authors.forename: Gabor S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ungvari
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Chee H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Helen F K
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Psychiatric Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
authors.forename: Gao-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi province, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Rang
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Jilin, China.
authors.forename: Li-Zhong
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Center, Xi-an, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Jiangxi Psychiatric Hospital, Jiangxi, China.
authors.forename: Xian-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China.
authors.forename: Qi-Yi
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Hebei Mental Health Center, Hebei, China.
authors.forename: Ke-Qing
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health) and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Tian-Mei
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9823-2720
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Si
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines
keywords: China; antidepressants; schizophrenia