title: Antimony leaching and chemical species analyses in an industrial solid waste: Surface and bulk speciation using ToF-SIMS and XANES.
abstract: The surface chemistry and bulk chemical speciation of solid industrial wastes containing 8wt-% antimony (Sb) were investigated using synchrotron X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Time-of-Flight Ion Secondary Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Leaching experiments were conducted in order to better understand the behavior of Sb in waste streams and to inform regulatory management of antimony-containing wastes. The experiments also demonstrate how a combination of XANES and ToF-SIMS adds value to the field of waste investigations. Leaching treatments (acid and base) were performed at a synchrotron over 24h time periods. Surface analyses of the wastes before leaching showed the presence of Sb associated with S and O. Bulk analyses revealed Sb to be present, primarily, as trivalent sulfide species. Both acid and base leaching did not change the antimony speciation on the solid. Leaching transferred about 1% of the total Sb into solution where Sb was found to be present as Sb(V). XANES data showed similarities between leachate and FeSbO4. During base leaching, the Sb content in solution gradually increased over time, and potential desorption mechanisms are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia. Electronic address: peter.kappen@synchrotron.org.au.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kappen
authors.affiliation: Environment Protection Authority - Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrando-Miguel
authors.affiliation: School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reichman
authors.affiliation: Environment Protection Authority - Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, PO Box 36, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.affiliation: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron - A Research Centre of the Helmholtz Association, Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.affiliation: Centre for Materials and Surface Science and Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pigram
keywords: Antimony; Industrial waste; Synchrotron; ToF-SIMS; XANES