title: PD-1, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and Tumor-Site Immune Modulation Therapy: The Historical Perspective.
abstract: The current success of targeted inhibition against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Death 1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1, herein collectively referred to as PD) pathways is hailed as a cancer immunotherapy breakthrough. PD-L1, known also as B7 homolog 1 (B7-H1), was initially discovered by Dr. Lieping Chen in 1999. To recognize the seminal contributions by Chen to the development of PD-directed therapy against cancer, the Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON) decided to honor him with its inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award in Hematology and Oncology at the CAHON's 2015 annual meeting. This essay chronicles the important discoveries made by Chen in the exciting field of immuno-oncology, which goes beyond his original fateful finding. It also argues that PD-directed therapy should be appropriately considered as Tumor-Site Immune Modulation Therapy to distinguish it from CTLA-4-based immune checkpoint blocking agents.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Veterans Health Administration Medical Center, East Orange, NJ, 07018, USA.|The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA.
authors.forename: Ruirong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA.
authors.forename: Wenru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA.|New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Delong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The Chinese American Hematologist and Oncologist Network (CAHON), Scarsdale, NY, 11577, USA. zihai@musc.edu.|Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. zihai@musc.edu.
authors.forename: Zihai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001363:Awards and Prizes; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology; D056747:Immunomodulation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
keywords: B7-H1; CD28; CTLA-4; PD-1; PD-L1; T cells; immune checkpoint; immuno-oncology; immunotherapy; tumor-site immune modulation therapy