title: Coinfection with Helicobacter pylori and Opisthorchis viverrini Enhances the Severity of Hepatobiliary Abnormalities in Hamsters.
abstract: Persistent infection withOpisthorchis viverrinicauses hepatobiliary abnormalities, predisposing infected individuals to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In addition,Helicobacter pyloriis highly prevalent in most countries and is a possible risk factor for CCA; however, its role in enhancing hepatobiliary abnormality is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of coinfection withH. pyloriandO. viverrinion hepatobiliary abnormality. Hamsters were divided into four groups: (i) normal, (ii)H. pyloriinfected (HP), (iii)O. viverriniinfected (OV), and (iv)O. viverriniandH. pyloriinfected (OV+HP). At 6 months postinfection, PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to test for the presence ofH. pyloriin the stomach, gallbladder, and liver. In the liver,H. pyloriwas detected in the following order: OV+HP, 5 of 8 (62.5%); HP, 2 of 5 (40%); OV, 2 of 8 (25%).H. pyloriwas not detected in normal (control) liver tissues. Coinfection induced the most severe hepatobiliary abnormalities, including periductal fibrosis, cholangitis, and bile duct hyperplasia, leading to a significantly decreased survival rate of experimental animals. The greatest thickness of periductal fibrosis was associated with a significant increase in fibrogenesis markers (expression of alpha smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor beta). Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that the highest expression levels of genes for proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1],IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were also observed in the OV+HP group. These results suggest that coinfection withH. pyloriandO. viverriniincreased the severity of hepatobiliary abnormalities to a greater extent than either single infection did.
authors.affiliation: Science Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Rungtiwa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dangtakot
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Upsornsawan
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Itthitaetrakool
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Apisit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaidee
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chariya
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chomvarin
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Arunnee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sangka
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Chotechana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wilailuckana
authors.affiliation: Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand porawa@kku.ac.th.|Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
authors.forename: Porntip
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7436-3355
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D060085:Coinfection; D006224:Cricetinae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009889:Opisthorchiasis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000235:genetics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013270:Stomach / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Opisthorchis viverrini; cholangitis; hepatic inflammation; hepatobiliary disease; periductal fibrosis