title: Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, β-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children.
abstract: Evidence suggests that ambient air pollution (AAP) exposure may contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) had adverse effects on longitudinal measures of insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell function, and obesity in children at high risk for developing diabetes. Overweight and obese Latino children (8-15 years;n= 314) were enrolled between 2001 and 2012 from Los Angeles, CA, and followed for an average of 3.4 years (SD 3.1 years). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess relationships between AAP exposure and outcomes after adjusting for covariates including body fat percent. Higher NO2and PM2.5were associated with a faster decline in SIand a lower SIat age 18 years, independent of adiposity. NO2exposure negatively affected β-cell function, evidenced by a faster decline in disposition index (DI) and a lower DI at age 18 years. Higher NO2and PM2.5exposures over follow-up were also associated with a higher BMI at age 18 years. AAP exposure may contribute to development of type 2 diabetes through direct effects on SIand β-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Tanya L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Alderete
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Rima
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Habre
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.|Department of Public Health, California State University, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1228-9070
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Toledo-Corral
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Kiros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berhane
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Zhanghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, CA.
authors.forename: Frederick W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Lurmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA goran@usc.edu.|Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Division of Environmental Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
authors.forename: Frank D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Gilliland
mesh_terms: D050154:Adiposity; D000293:Adolescent; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide; D052638:Particulate Matter; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D052638:Particulate Matter; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide