title: Trigeminal nerve block with alcohol for medically intractable classic trigeminal neuralgia: long-term clinical effectiveness on pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Trigeminal nerve block (Tnb) with alcohol for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may not be used widely as a percutaneous procedure for medically intractable TN in recent clinical work, because it has been considered having a limited duration of pain relief, a decrease in success rate and increase in complications on repeated blocks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical outcome of the Tnb with alcohol in the treatment of medically intractable TN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred thirty-two patients were diagnosed with TN between March 2000 and February 2010. Four hundred sixty-five out of 632 underwent Tnb with alcohol under a fluoroscope. Pain relief duration were analyzed and compared in the individual branch blocks. Outcomes were compared between patients with and without a previous Tnb with alcohol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tnb with alcohol were performed in a total 710 (1st-465, 2nd-155, 3rd-55, 4th-23, 5th-8, 6th-4) cases for a series of consecutive 465 patients during the study period. Forty hundred sixty two out of the 465 patients experienced immediate complete pain relief (99%) at the first Tnb. Of the 465 patients, 218 patients (46.9%) did not require any further treatment after the first Tnb with alcohol during an entire study period. One hundred fifty nine (34.2 %) out of the 465 patients experienced recurring pain after the first block, among whom 155 patients received subsequent blocks, and the remaining 4 patients decided to take medication. According to the Kaplan-Meier analysis, the probabilities of remaining pain relief for 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after the procedures were 86.2%, 65.5%, 52.5%, and 33.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the probability of pain relief duration between patients with and without previous Tnb with alcohol. Median (95% CI) pain relief durations of the first and repeated blocks were 39 (36-51) and 37 (28-54) months, respectively. There was no significant difference in occurrence of complications between patients with and without previous Tnb with alcohol (p<0.076). All the complications recovered spontaneously within 6 months. There was no mortality related to the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tnb with alcohol for the pain management of TN can provide considerably long lasting pain relief. Repeated Tnb with alcohol has pain relief duration as long as the first block, and seems to produce less complication as well. Tnb with alcohol is a valuable treatment modality of TN as a percutaneous procedure.
authors.affiliation: Kichan Pain Clinic, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kyung Ream
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon Korea.
authors.forename: Yun Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.affiliation: Anesthesiology and Pain medicine, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Kimchan Hospital, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014277:Trigeminal Neuralgia / Q000628:therapy*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol
keywords: alcohol; neurolysis.; trigeminal nerve block; trigeminal neuralgia