title: Composition dependent mechanical behaviour of S53P4 bioactive glass putty for bone defect grafting.
abstract: To improve the handling properties of S53P4 bioactive glass granules for clinical applications, bioactive glass putty formulations were developed. These formulations contain both granules and a synthetic binder to form an injectable material that is easy to shape. To explore its applicability in load-bearing bone defect grafting, the relation between the putty composition and its mechanical behaviour was assessed in this study. Five putty formulations with variations in synthetic binder and granule content were mechanically tested in confined compression. The results showed that the impaction strains significantly decreased and the residual strains significantly increased with an increasing binder content. The stiffness of all tested formulations was found to be in the same range as the reported stiffness of cancellous bone. The measured creep strains were low and no significant differences between formulations were observed. The stiffness significantly increased when the samples were subjected to a second loading stage. The residual strains calculated from this second loading stage were also significantly different from the first loading stage, showing an increasing difference with an increasing binder content. Since residual strains are detrimental for graft layer stability in load-bearing defects, putty compositions with a low binder content would be most beneficial for confined, load-bearing bone defect grafting.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.a.p.v.gestel@tue.nl.
authors.forename: N A P
authors.initials: NAP
authors.lastname: van Gestel
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; MICT Department, Jeroen Bosch Ziekenhuis, PO Box 90153, 5200 ME 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D J W
authors.initials: DJW
authors.lastname: Hulsen
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Biomechanics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: b.v.rietbergen@tue.nl.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van Rietbergen
mesh_terms: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D000071556:Cancellous Bone; D005898:Glass; D008422:Materials Testing; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes
keywords: Bioactive glass; Confined compression; Load-bearing bone defect grafting; Micro computed tomography; Putty