title: Non-anticoagulant effects of low molecular weight heparins in inflammatory disorders: A review.
abstract: Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Besides their well-known anticoagulant effects, LMWHs have also been reported to exhibit numerous anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies have, however, shown that different production processes result in unique structural characteristics of LMWHs. The structural variations may help explain the different therapeutic spectrums in disease treatment for non-anticoagulant effects. In the present review, we summarize major advances in understanding and exploiting the anti-inflammatory disorder activities of LMWHs, based on mechanistic studies, preclinical experiments and clinical trials. We highlight differences in these activities of commercially available LMWHs produced using different manufacturing processes. We stress the importance of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the non-anticoagulant effects of LMWHs and discuss strategies for exploring new clinical indications.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: yanyishu@sina.com.
authors.forename: Yishu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: jiyang0326@163.com.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: sunan12345@126.com.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: wangyi671@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: shanshandu000@163.com.
authors.forename: Shanshan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: piggychina@163.com.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: chongzhang@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: yuanlu@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Room 607, Yingshi Building, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: xhxing@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Xin-Hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
keywords: Heparin; Inflammation; Low molecular weight heparins; Non-anticoagulant