title: Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Brassica rapa var. rapifera Parts Essential Oils Depending on Geographic Variation and Extraction Technique.
abstract: In the present work, the Brassica rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated for the first time depending on geographic origin and extraction technique. Gas-chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (MS) analyses showed several constituents, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, norisoprenoids, terpenic, nitrogen and sulphur compounds, totalizing 38 and 41 compounds in leaves and root essential oils, respectively. Nitrogen compounds were the main volatiles in leaves essential oils and sulphur compounds were the main volatiles in root essential oils. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among B. rapa var. rapifera parts essential oils collected from different locations and extracted by hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation techniques. Furthermore, our findings showed a high variability for both antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highlighted variability reflects the high impact of plant part, geographic variation and extraction technique on chemical composition and biological activities, which led to conclude that we should select essential oils to be investigated carefully depending on these factors, in order to isolate the bioactive components or to have the best quality of essential oil in terms of biological activities and preventive effects in food.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Boualem
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Abderrahmane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djouahri
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Vegetal Ecology and Environment, Department of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Zineb
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Djerrad
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electrochemistry-Corrosion, Metallurgy and Mineral Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology (USTHB), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Souhila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Terfi
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Sihem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aberrane
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biology of the Microbial Systems, Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure El Bachir El Ibrahimi (E.N.S), BP 92, Kouba-Alger, Algeria.
authors.forename: Nasserdine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sabaou
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.|Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analyses (CRAPC), BP 248, Alger RP, 16004, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Aoumeur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baaliouamer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Functional Organic Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Houari Boumediene University of Sciences and Technology (U.S.T.H.B), El Alia, BP 32, Bab Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.|Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-Chemical Analyses (CRAPC), BP 248, Alger RP, 16004, Algiers, Algeria.
authors.forename: Lynda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Boudarene
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D029741:Brassica rapa / Q000737:chemistry*; D057168:Distillation; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008872:Microwaves; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D009822:Oils, Volatile
keywords: Antimicrobial activities; Antioxidant activities; Brassica rapa var. rapifera; Extraction technique; Geographic variation