title: A Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Detection and Quantitation of Monofluoroacetate in Plants Toxic to Livestock.
abstract: Monofluoroacetate (MFA) is a potent toxin that occurs in over 50 plant species in Africa, Australia, and South America and is responsible for significant livestock deaths in these regions. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the analysis of MFA in plants based on the derivatization of MFA with n-propanol in the presence of sulfuric acid to form propyl fluoroacetate was developed. This method compared favorably to a currently employed high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) method for the analysis of MFA in plants. The GC-MS method was applied to the analysis of MFA in herbarium specimens of Fridericia elegans, Niedenzuella stannea, N. multiglandulosa, N. acutifolia, and Aenigmatanthera lasiandra. This is the first report of MFA being detected in F. elegans, N. multiglandulosa, N. acutifolia, and A. lasiandra, some of which have been reported to cause sudden death or that are toxic to livestock.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Avenida Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos-Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0597-8353
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, Utah 84341, United States.
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Avenida Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luis Henrique
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul , Avenida Senador Filinto Muller, 1555, 79074-460, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Nilva
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ré
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005463:Fluoroacetates / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D058751:Livestock; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005463:Fluoroacetates; D014118:Toxins, Biological; C014815:fluoroacetic acid
keywords: Aenigmatanthera lasiandra; Friderica elegans; Niedenzuella acutifolia; Niedenzuella multiglandulosa; gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS); monofluoroacetate (MFA)