title: Discovery of Rab1 binding sites using an ensemble of clustering methods.
abstract: Targeting non-native-ligand binding sites for potential investigative and therapeutic applications is an attractive strategy in proteins that share common native ligands, as in Rab1 protein. Rab1 is a subfamily member of Rab proteins, which are members of Ras GTPase superfamily. All Ras GTPase superfamily members bind to native ligands GTP and GDP, that switch on and off the proteins, respectively. Rab1 is physiologically essential for autophagy and transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Pathologically, Rab1 is implicated in human cancers, a neurodegenerative disease, cardiomyopathy, and bacteria-caused infectious diseases. We have performed structural analyses on Rab1 protein using a unique ensemble of clustering methods, including multi-step principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, and independent component analysis, to better identify representative Rab1 proteins than the application of a single clustering method alone does. We then used the identified representative Rab1 structures, resolved in multiple ligand states, to map their known and novel binding sites. We report here at least a novel binding site on Rab1, involving Rab1-specific residues that could be further explored for the rational design and development of investigative probes and/or therapeutic small molecules against the Rab1 protein. Proteins 2017; 85:859-871. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi Campus, PO Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Suryani
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8913-1343
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lukman
authors.affiliation: Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
authors.forename: Minh N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: OneAnalytix Pte Ltd, Onn Wah Building #04-01, 11 Changi South Lane Singapore, 486154, Singapore.
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.affiliation: Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi Campus, PO Box, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Jeremy C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Teo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein / Q000737:chemistry; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000737:chemistry; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008024:Ligands; D062105:Molecular Docking Simulation; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011485:Protein Binding; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D000072757:Protein Conformation, beta-Strand; D054730:Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000737:chemistry*; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000737:chemistry; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D013816:Thermodynamics; D020761:rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008024:Ligands; C403713:pheromone binding protein, insect; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; C457079:diphosphonucleotide phosphatase-phosphodiesterase 1; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D020761:rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins
keywords: GTPase; allosteric site; binding site; drug design; molecular recognition; protein flexibility; structural bioinformatics; structural clustering