title: Spatiotemporal variability in surface energy balance across tundra, snow and ice in Greenland.
abstract: The surface energy balance (SEB) is essential for understanding the coupled cryosphere-atmosphere system in the Arctic. In this study, we investigate the spatiotemporal variability in SEB across tundra, snow and ice. During the snow-free period, the main energy sink for ice sites is surface melt. For tundra, energy is used for sensible and latent heat flux and soil heat flux leading to permafrost thaw. Longer snow-free period increases melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet and glaciers and may promote tundra permafrost thaw. During winter, clouds have a warming effect across surface types whereas during summer clouds have a cooling effect over tundra and a warming effect over ice, reflecting the spatial variation in albedo. The complex interactions between factors affecting SEB across surface types remain a challenge for understanding current and future conditions. Extended monitoring activities coupled with modelling efforts are essential for assessing the impact of warming in the Arctic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark. ml@bios.au.dk.
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stiegler
authors.affiliation: Asiaq, Greenland Survey, Qatserisut 8, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abermann
authors.affiliation: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.affiliation: Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
authors.forename: Birger U
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.affiliation: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van As
mesh_terms: D001110:Arctic Regions; D057231:Climate Change; D064308:Ecological Parameter Monitoring; D006116:Greenland; D046448:Ice Cover; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D065946:Permafrost; D012914:Snow; D065929:Tundra
keywords: Glacier; Ice sheet; Permafrost; Surface energy balance; Tundra