title: Neonatal pain management.
abstract: Pain management in the neonatal ICU remains challenging for many clinicians and in many complex care circumstances. The authors review general pain management principles and address the use of pain scales, non-pharmacologic management, and various agents that may be useful in general neonatal practice, procedurally, or at the end of life. Chronic pain and neonatal abstinence are also noted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108; Children׳s Mercy Bioethics Center, Kansas City, MO. Electronic address: bscarter@cmh.edu.
authors.forename: Brian S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brunkhorst
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000628:therapy; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D060127:Kangaroo-Mother Care Method / Q000379:methods*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009357:Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome / Q000628:therapy; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010166:Palliative Care; D015742:Propofol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D013395:Sucrose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013727:Terminal Care; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001463:Barbiturates; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D013395:Sucrose; D020927:Dexmedetomidine; D007649:Ketamine; D000077206:Gabapentin; D008140:Lorazepam; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol
keywords: End-of-Life Care; Neonatal; Neonatal Pain Management; Neonatal Palliative Care; Neonatal Sedation; Pain Assessment