title: Flipping the classroom to teach Millennial residents medical leadership: a proof of concept.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ongoing changes in health care delivery have resulted in the reform of educational content and methods of training in postgraduate medical leadership education. Health care law and medical errors are domains in medical leadership where medical residents desire training. However, the potential value of the flipped classroom as a pedagogical tool for leadership training within postgraduate medical education has not been fully explored. Therefore, we designed a learning module for this purpose and made use of the flipped classroom model to deliver the training.
  
  
  METHODS
  The flipped classroom model reverses the order of learning: basic concepts are learned individually outside of class so that more time is spent applying knowledge to discussions and practical scenarios during class. Advantages include high levels of interaction, optimal utilization of student and expert time and direct application to the practice setting. Disadvantages include the need for high levels of self-motivation and time constraints within the clinical setting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Educational needs and expectations vary within various generations and call for novel teaching modalities. Hence, the choice of instructional methods should be driven not only by their intrinsic values but also by their alignment with the learners' preference. The flipped classroom model is an educational modality that resonates with Millennial students. It helps them to progress quickly beyond the mere understanding of theory to higher order cognitive skills such as evaluation and application of knowledge in practice. Hence, the successful application of this model would allow the translation of highly theoretical topics to the practice setting within postgraduate medical education.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University.
authors.forename: Alicia T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Lucardie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht.
authors.forename: Lizanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berkenbosch
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen.
authors.forename: Jochem
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen; Department of Educational Development and Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jamiu O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Busari
keywords: flipped classroom; leadership; medical education; millennial; postgraduate; residents