title: Assisted Reproductive Technology and Newborn Size in Singletons Resulting from Fresh and Cryopreserved Embryos Transfer.
abstract: The aim of this study was two-fold: to investigate the association of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and small newborn size, using standardized measures; and to examine within strata of fresh and cryopreserved embryos transfer, whether this association is influenced by parental infertility diagnoses. We used a population-based retrospective cohort from Michigan (2000-2009), Florida and Massachusetts (2000-2010). Our sample included 28,946 ART singletons conceived with non-donor oocytes and 4,263,846 non-ART singletons.
  
  
  
  Regression models were used to examine the association of ART and newborn size, measured as small for gestational age (SGA) and birth-weight-z-score, among four mutually exclusive infertility groups: female infertility only, male infertility only, combined female and male infertility, and unexplained infertility, stratified by fresh and cryopreserved embryos transfer.
  
  
  
  We found increased SGA odds among ART singletons from fresh embryos transfer compared with non-ART singletons, with little difference by infertility source [adjusted odds-ratio for SGA among female infertility only: 1.18 (95% CI 1.10, 1.26), male infertility only: 1.20 (95% CI 1.10, 1.32), male and female infertility: 1.18 (95% CI 1.06, 1.31) and unexplained infertility: 1.24 (95% CI 1.10, 1.38)]. Conversely, ART singletons, born following cryopreserved embryos transfer, had lower SGA odds compared with non-ART singletons, with mild variation by infertility source [adjusted odds-ratio for SGA among female infertility only: 0.56 (95% CI 0.45, 0.71), male infertility only: 0.64 (95% CI 0.47, 0.86), male and female infertility: 0.52 (95% CI 0.36, 0.77) and unexplained infertility: 0.71 (95% CI 0.47, 1.06)]. Birth-weight-z-score was significantly lower for ART singletons born following fresh embryos transfer than non-ART singletons, regardless of infertility diagnoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Galit Levi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7240-4923
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Dunietz
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Holzman
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Yujia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Talge
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Chenxi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Todem
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Sheree L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Boulet
authors.affiliation: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Maternal and Child Health Epidemiology Section, Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McKane
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dmitry M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kissin
authors.affiliation: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Lansing, MI, United States of America.
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bernson
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Diamond
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D015925:Cryopreservation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies