title: Stigma in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: IN BRIEFThis study quantitatively measures diabetes stigma and its associated psychosocial impact in a large population of U.S. patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using an online survey sent to 12,000 people with diabetes. A majority of respondents with type 1 (76%) or type 2 (52%) diabetes reported that diabetes comes with stigma. Perceptions of stigma were significantly higher among respondents with type 1 diabetes than among those with type 2 diabetes, with the highest rate in parents of children with type 1 diabetes (83%) and the lowest rate in people with type 2 diabetes who did not use insulin (49%). Our results suggest that a disturbingly high percentage of people with diabetes experience stigma, particularly those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who are on intensive insulin therapy. The experience of stigma disproportionately affects those with a higher BMI, higher A1C, and poorer self-reported blood glucose control, suggesting that those who need the most help are also the most affected by stigma.
authors.affiliation: The diaTribe Foundation, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Nancy F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: The diaTribe Foundation, San Francisco, CA; Close Concerns, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Alexandra E
authors.lastname: Folias
authors.affiliation: dQ&A Market Research, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Younge
authors.affiliation: Behavioral Diabetes Institute, San Diego, CA.
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.affiliation: The diaTribe Foundation, San Francisco, CA; Close Concerns, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Close
authors.affiliation: dQ&A Market Research, Inc., San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wood