title: Prenatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Body Fatness in Girls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in surface coatings that resist stains, grease, and water.
  
  
  METHODS
  The association between in utero PFAS exposure and girls' body fatness at age 9 was analyzed in The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (UK). Maternal serum [median 15 weeks: interquartile range (IQR) 10 and 28 weeks of gestation] was analyzed for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA). Body composition was measured by dual X-ray emission absorptiometry, and percent total body fat (%BF) was calculated. Associations between PFASs and body fatness were modeled by multivariable linear regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 359 girls, median (IQR) %BF was 27.5 (IQR 21.7-34.6). Median (IQR) concentrations (all ng/mL) were 3.7 (2.9-4.8) for PFOA, 19.8 (15.0-25.3) for PFOS, 1.6 (1.3-2.2) for PFHxS, and 0.5 (0.4-0.7) for PFNA. Maternal PFAS concentrations were not significantly associated with daughters' total %BF overall. Mothers' educational status modified associations for PFOA and PFOS with %BF (P-interactions: 0.005 and 0.02, respectively). %BF was higher [1.4%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.3 to 2.5] for each one unit (ng/mL) higher PFOA among girls with mothers in the middle education group, but lower (-0.6%; 95% CI: -1.12 to -0.04) for the corresponding comparison among girls with mothers with the highest education. %BF was lower (-0.2%; 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.1) for each one unit higher PFOS among girls with the most educated mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal exposure to PFOA and PFOS was associated with girls' %BF within some strata of maternal education status. PFHxS and PFNA were not associated with %BF.
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.|2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA.|3 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Terryl J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Antonia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Calafat
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Adrianne K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.affiliation: 2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.affiliation: 4 The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust , Bristol, United Kingdom .|5 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom .
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Northstone
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.|2 Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta, GA.|3 Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: W Dana
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Flanders
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.affiliation: 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, GA.
authors.forename: Ethel V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D002210:Caprylates / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000097:blood; D013451:Sulfonic Acids / Q000097:blood; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; C471071:perfluorohexanesulfonic acid; C018959:hexadecafluoro-nonanoic acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid; C076994:perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
keywords: body composition; epidemiology; obesity