title: Multicenter European Prevalence Study of Neurocognitive Impairment and Associated Factors in HIV Positive Patients.
abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 448 HIV positive patients attending five European outpatient clinics to determine prevalence of and factors associated with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) using computerized and pen-and-paper neuropsychological tests. NCI was defined as a normalized Z score ≤-1 in at least 2 out of 5 cognitive domains. Participants' mean age was 45.8 years; 84% male; 87% white; 56% university educated; median CD4 count 550 cells/mm3; 89% on antiretroviral therapy. 156 (35%) participants had NCI, among whom 26 (17%; 5.8% overall) reported a decline in activities of daily living. Prevalence of NCI was lower in those always able to afford basic needs (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.94) or with a university education (aPR 0.72, 95% CI 0.54-0.97) and higher in those with severe depressive symptoms (aPR 1.53, 95% CI 1.09-2.14) or a significant comorbid condition (aPR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.90).
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK. lewis.haddow@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Lewis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Haddow
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laverick
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daskalopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McDonnell
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Fiona C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilson
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Speakman
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antinori
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balestra
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Centre for Health & Infectious Disease Research (CHIP), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gerstoft
authors.affiliation: Infektionsmedicinsk Afdeling, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Belarus.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vassilenko
authors.affiliation: HIV i-Base, London, UK.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Infection and Population Health, Mortimer Market Centre, University College London, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rodger
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D002094:Republic of Belarus / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents
keywords: Activities of daily living; HIV; HIV dementia; MCI (mild cognitive impairment); Neuropsychological assessment; Prevalence