title: Rationale for Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Processing Therapy for Moral Injury in Active Duty Military and Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.
abstract: Wartime experiences have long been known to cause ethical conflict, guilt, self-condemnation, difficulty forgiving, loss of trust, lack of meaning and purpose, and spiritual struggles. "Moral injury" (MI) (also sometimes called "inner conflict") is the term used to capture this emotional, cognitive, and behavioral state. In this article, we provide rationale for developing and testing Spiritually Oriented Cognitive Processing Therapy, a version of standard cognitive processing therapy for the treatment of MI in active duty and veteran service members (SMs) with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms who are spiritual or religious (S/R). Many SMs have S/R beliefs that could increase vulnerability to MI. Because the injury is to deeply held moral standards and ethical values and often adversely affects spiritual beliefs and worldview, we believe that those who are S/R will respond more favorably to a therapy that directly targets this injury from a spiritually oriented perspective. An evidence-based treatment for MI in posttraumatic stress disorder that not only respects but also utilizes SMs' spiritual beliefs/behaviors may open the door to treatment for many S/R military personnel.
authors.affiliation: *Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; †King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; ‡School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; §Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Center for Aging, Duke University Medical Center; ∥Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC; ¶Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University; #Department of Orthopedics, Neurosciences, & Rehabilitation, Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Augusta, GA; **Psychology Department, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL; and ††Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
authors.forename: Harold G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Koenig
authors.forename: Nathan A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Rev John P
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Youssef
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pearce
mesh_terms: D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D009014:Morals; D029181:Spirituality; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*