title: Control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep using basidiocarps of Agaricus blazei Murril.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the effects in vitro and in vivo of Agaricus blazei against Haemonchus contortus in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vitro efficacy of aqueous extract on egg hatching inhibition (EHI) was investigated and after 72 h incubation with varying concentrations the effects on, blastomeres, embryonated eggs, and first stage larvae (L1) were evaluated. Larval development inhibition (LDI) for dry powder and the aqueous extract were evaluated in fecal cultures of sheep infected with H. contortus. In vivo efficacy was determined by reduction in fecal egg count (FEC). Lambs were treated with powder A. blazei (11.4 g/kg pc) or trichlorfon, or were untreated and the possible toxicity of this fungus was monitored by plasmatic enzyme analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations equal to and higher than 3.62 mg/mL and of aqueous extract were 100% effective in the EHI test. In the LDI test, LC90 was estimated for 5.66 and 106.0 mg/g fecal culture for aqueous extract and powder, respectively. The mean FEC in lambs 14 days post-treatment with A. blazei powder was significantly lower than observed for the negative control, and the serum levels of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fungi supplementation promotes, respectively, high and moderate anthelmintic efficacy with in vitro and in vivo tests, respectively, suggesting it as an alternative or complementary treatment for haemonchosis in sheep.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Dr. Ruy Braga, S/N - Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thallyta Maria
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Vieira
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leydiana Duarte
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gabriela Almeida
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Bastos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Avenida Dr. Ruy Braga, S/N - Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, MG, 39401-089, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Oliveira Vasconcelos
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria Luíza França
authors.initials: MLF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: Franciellen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morais-Costa
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: Adriano Vinícius
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: de Paiva Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil.
authors.forename: Neide Judith Faria de
authors.initials: NJF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, Montes Claros, MG, 39400-006, Brazil. duartevet@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Eduardo Robson
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Duarte
mesh_terms: D000364:Agaricus; D000818:Animals; D061046:Biological Control Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006188:Haemonchiasis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D006189:Haemonchus; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D061046:Biological Control Agents
keywords: Alternative control; Basidiomycete; Haemonchosis; Plasmatic enzymes; Sun mushroom