title: Debaryomyces hansenii up regulates superoxide dismutase gene expression and enhances the immune response and survival in Pacific red snapper (Lutjanus peru) leukocytes after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.
abstract: Application of yeast is increasing to improve welfare and promotes growth in aquaculture. The halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii is normally a non-pathogenic yeast with probiotic properties and potential source of antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase. Here, first, we characterized the sequence features of MnSOD and icCu/ZnSOD from Pacific red snapper, and second, we evaluated the potential antioxidant immune responses of the marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS004 in leukocytes which were then subjected to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. In silico analysis revealed that LpMnSOD consisted of 1186 bp, with an ORF of 678 bp encoding a 225 amino acid protein and LpicCu/ZnSOD consisted of 1090 bp in length with an ORF of 465 bp encoding a 154 amino acid protein. Multiple alignment analyzes revealed many conserved regions and active sites among its orthologs. In vitro assays using head-kidney and spleen leukocytes immunostimulated with D. hansenii and zymosan in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection reveled that D. hansenii strain CBS004 significantly increased transcriptions of MnSOD and icCu/ZnSOD genes. Flow cytometry assay showed that D. hansenii was able to inhibit apoptosis caused by V. parahaemolyticus in the Pacific red snapper leukocytes and enhanced the phagocytic capacity in head-kidney leukocytes. Immunological assays reveled an increased in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, as well as, in nitric oxide production and reactive oxygen species production (respiratory burst) in fish stimulated with D. hansenii. Finally, our results. These results strongly support the idea that marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii strain CBS004 can stimulate the antioxidant immune mechanism in head-kidney and spleen leukocytes.
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico.
authors.forename: Minerva
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Instituto Tecnológico de La Paz, Boulevard Forjadores 4720, Col. 8 de Octubre Segunda Sección, La Paz, B.C.S., 23080, Mexico.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.affiliation: Immunology & Vaccinology Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, B.C.S. 23090, Mexico. Electronic address: mreyes04@cibnor.mx.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes-Becerril
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D055165:Debaryomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase
keywords: Antioxidant immune parameters; Debaryomyces hansenii; MnSOD; Pacific red snapper; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; icCu/ZnSOD