title: High Interleukin-12 Levels May Prevent an Increase in the Amount of Fungi in the Gastrointestinal Tract during the First Years of Diabetes Mellitus Type 1.
abstract: The objective of the research was to investigate serum levels of interleukin-12 (IL12) in relation to percentage of yeast-like fungi colonies residing in the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The study involved 83 children and adolescents, including 53 T1DM patients and 30 healthy control subjects. In the studied population biochemical tests were performed and yeast-like fungi were identified in the faeces. Moreover, IL12 absorbance was measured and measurements ofCandida albicansIgG and IgM antibodies were performed with microplate reader ChroMate 4300 (Awareness Technology, Inc., USA) at wavelengthλ= 450 nm. In the group of T1DM children and adolescents with disease duration ≤ 2 years, high levels of IL12 were found with lower percentage of yeast-like fungal colonies versus T1DM patients with disease duration > 2 years and ≤5 years, as well as versus T1DM patients with disease duration > 5 years. Additionally, serum levels of IL12 were found to be decreasing by 18.1 pg/ml with each year of diabetes duration. IL12 serum levels were also found to be decreasing by 52.9 pg/ml with each 1% increase in HbA1c. We suggest that high IL12 levels can inhibit infection with yeast-like fungi colonizing the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents with T1DM. Further studies are needed to confirm the antifungal activity of IL12.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tropical Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kowalewska
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunobiology and Environment Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2640-3791
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zorena
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szmigiero-Kawko
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wąż
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Paediatrics, Diabetology and Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Myśliwiec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D018664:Interleukin-12; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human