title: Developmental milestones for productivity occupations in children and youth: An integrative review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Limited research exists on developmental milestones for productivity occupations throughout the paediatric lifespan, and negative connotations of work for children and youth may have contributed to a paucity of literature on the topic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain what is currently known about the timing and types of engagement in productivity occupations in children and youth aged 4-19.
  
  
  METHODS
  Literature referencing productive occupations in children and youth aged 4-19 was searched for this integrative review. Search terms were established based on paediatric age and occupational therapy descriptors, and terminology associated with productivity. Sixty-seven peer-reviewed articles were analyzed according to the constant comparative method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six core productive occupations emerged as avenues for productive engagement: paid work, school-related activities, caring for self and others, household chores, volunteering, and agricultural chores. A timeline was constructed to display common milestones for engagement in these occupations throughout the paediatric lifespan. Paediatric engagement was found to be influenced by personal (age, gender, child and youth perceptions, and safety considerations), and environmental (familial factors, parental perceptions, societal influences, and safety considerations) factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approaches to paediatric practice must account for the full spectrum of productive occupations children and youth engage in beyond the school context.
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: d'Entremont
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gregor
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirou
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nelligan
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dennis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000145:classification*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009790:Occupations / Q000145:classification*; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012931:Social Environment; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Work; occupation; occupational therapy; paediatric