title: The use of amino acid PET and conventional MRI for monitoring of brain tumor therapy.
abstract: Routine diagnostics and treatment monitoring of brain tumors is usually based on contrast-enhanced MRI. However, the capacity of conventional MRI to differentiate tumor tissue from posttherapeutic effects following neurosurgical resection, chemoradiation, alkylating chemotherapy, radiosurgery, and/or immunotherapy may be limited. Metabolic imaging using PET can provide relevant additional information on tumor metabolism, which allows for more accurate diagnostics especially in clinically equivocal situations. This review article focuses predominantly on the amino acid PET tracers11C-methyl-l-methionine (MET),O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-l-tyrosine (FET) and 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]-fluoro-l-phenylalanine (FDOPA) and summarizes investigations regarding monitoring of brain tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Cologne and Bonn, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Galldiks
authors.affiliation: Dept.of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
authors.forename: Whitney B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arbizu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Karl-Josef
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Langen
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D008715:Methionine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; C117289:O-(2-fluoroethyl)tyrosine; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D014443:Tyrosine; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D008715:Methionine; C038344:methionine methyl ester
keywords: Bevacizumab; Checkpoint inhibitors; FDOPA; FET; Glioma; Immunotherapy; MET; PET; Pseudoprogression; Pseudoresponse; Temozolomide