title: Dynamics of diabetes and obesity: Epidemiological perspective.
abstract: The purpose of this review article is to understand the current literature on obesity, diabetes and therapeutic avenues across the world. Diabetes is a chronic lifestyle condition that affects millions of people worldwide and it is a major health concern in our society. Diabetes and obesity are associated with various conditions, including non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Early detectable markers are not well established to detect pre-diabetes and as a result, it becomes diabetes. Several published epidemiological studies were assessed and the findings were summarized. Resources from published studies were used to identify criteria used for pre-diabetes, the role of diet in pre-diabetics and potential risks and characteristics associated with pre-diabetes. Preventive strategies are needed to combat diabetes. Individuals diagnosed with pre-diabetes need detailed education, need to fully understand the risk factors and have the ability to manage diabetes. Interventions exist that include chronic disease self-management programs, lifestyle interventions and pharmacological strategies. Obesity plays a large role in causing pre-diabetes and diabetes. Critical analysis of existing epidemiological research data suggests that additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of interventions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Quality in Diabetes/Obesity and Critical Illness Spectrum of Diseases - edited by P. Hemachandra Reddy.
authors.affiliation: Community Outreach and Education, 6630 S. Quaker Ave., Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States. Electronic address: annette.boles@ttuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boles
authors.affiliation: Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States. Electronic address: ramesh.kandimalla@ttuhsc.edu.
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandimalla
authors.affiliation: Community Outreach and Education, 6630 S. Quaker Ave., Suite E, Lubbock, TX 79413, United States; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences Departments, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States; Department of Public Health, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430-9424, United States.
authors.forename: P Hemachandra
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Reddy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D004035:Diet Therapy; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics; D008019:Life Style; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin
keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Diabetes; FTO; Obesity