title: Effects of intravenous ibuprofen and lornoxicam on erythrocyte deformability in rats undergoing hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury.
abstract: Acute hind limb ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common consequence of abdominal aorta cross‑clamping during aortic surgery. Erythrocyte deformability is affected by I/R process and may lead to increased tissue and organ injury. Lornoxicam and intravenous ibuprofen are becoming commonly used as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for postoperative analgesia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg iv) and intravenous ibuprofen (30 mg/kg iv) on erythrocyte deformability in I/R model in rats.
  
  
  
  Four study groups, each containing 6 Wistar rats were created. Laparotomy was performed in all groups under general anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine. In all groups except sham group, ischemia and reperfusion were achieved by clamping and declamping the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 120 minutes. Rats in Group IR+L received intravenous infusion of lornoxicam (2 mg/kg) while rats in Group IR+I received intravenous infusion of ibubrofen (30 mg/kg) following 2 hours of ischemic period. At the end of reperfusion period, erythrocyte packs were prepared from heparinized blood samples. Erythrocyte suspensions with hematocrit at a concentration of 5% in a phosphate‑buffered saline (PBS) were used in order to perform deformability measurements. The value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  
  Relative resistance has increased in ischemia reperfusion group when compared to control group (p < 0.0001). Lornoxicam or ibuprofen intravenous treatments did not change the erythrocyte deformability during ischemia reperfusion period in rats (p=0.851, p=0.690).
  
  
  
  Intravenous ibuprofen or lornoxicam administrations during ischemia reperfusion period in rats have no negative effect on erythrocyte deformability. The findings of the study should be supported with more detailed and extensive clinical/experimental studies in the future (Fig. 1, Ref. 18).
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivgin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kucuk
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Comu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kosem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arpaci
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alkan
mesh_terms: D061605:Administration, Intravenous; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; C059451:lornoxicam; D007052:Ibuprofen
keywords: erythrocyte deformability; intravenous ibuprofen; ischemia-reperfusion; lornoxicam rat.