title: Prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among diabetes mellitus adults in the Jilin province in China: a cross-sectional study.
abstract: Psychological disorders are common in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress and to determine the influence factors associated with psychological distress among DM patients in the Jilin province of China.
  
  
  
  Multistage, stratified cluster sampling was used in this cross-sectional study. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) was used to assess psychological status with the total score of ≥4 as the threshold for psychological distress.
  
  
  
  A total of 1,956 subjects with DM were included in the study. Out of this total diabetic participants, 524 (26.8%) had psychological distress. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level, divorce or separation from one's spouse, low family average monthly income, short sleep duration, being aware of DM status, and multiple co-morbidities are positively associated with psychological distress (allP< 0.05).
  
  
  
  This study revealed a high rate of psychological distress among DM population in Jilin province. Low educational level, divorce or separation from one's spouse, low family average monthly income, short sleep duration, awareness of DM status, and multiple co-morbidities are all associated with psychological distress among our study subjects. Interventions to control these factors are needed to address the psychological problems among diabetics in Jilin Province.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Hongxuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yawen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Joseph Sam
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kanu
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Ri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Yaqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
authors.forename: Xufeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xiangyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; GHQ-12; Psychological distress