title: Acute toxicological effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in mice after intratracheal instillation.
abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly being used in industry.
  
  
  
  To evaluate the acute toxicology of ZnO NPs in Mice.
  
  
  
  ZnO NPs were intratracheally instilled into mice at different dose (200, 400, 800 μg/kg), which was 1, 2, or 4 times of accumulative intake in one week according to the threshold limit value. Acute toxicity was assessed by animal mortality, organ/body weight ratios, hematology, blood biochemistry, and histopathology as well as by the determination of cells, proteins, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
  
  
  
  Exposure to ZnO NPs also resulted in bodyweight loss and a higher level of total cell number, total protein, and hydroxyproline content in BALF. Nitric oxide and malondialdehyde levels in the lung homogenates were also increased. In addition, inflammatory and hyperplastic changes in the lungs were observed.
  
  
  
  Threshold limit value (5 mg/m3) may unfit for ZnO NPs.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China.|b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Dejun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: c College of Pharmacy , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , PR China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1873-1843
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Occupational and Environmental Health , School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing , PR China.
authors.forename: Zihong
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5652-5998
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Jingyang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2436-4338
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: b Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health , Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan , PR China.
authors.forename: Tianliang
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2951-1317
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Acute toxicological effects; intratracheal instillation; lung fibrosis; murine model; zinc oxide nanoparticles