title: Effect of age on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume and hemoglobin to exercise in Jeju crossbreed horses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aimed to analyze the on heart rate, blood lactate concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) response after conducting exercise in endurance horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 healthy 3-9-years-old Jeju crossbreed mares (5.95 ± 2.24 year) of age and 312.65 ± 13.59 kg of weight) currently participating the endurance competition were used. The field tests selected for the experiment was gallop (approximately 8.3 m/s) along the selected 2.5 km course (a natural forest trail, not artificial road; a closed loop course). The horses were divided into three groups according to their age; 3-4 years of age (G1, 3.29 ± 0.49 year), 6-7 years of age (G2, 6.42 ± 0.53), and 8-9 years of age (G3, 8.50 ± 0.55). The measurements times for the heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV, and Hb analysis were conducted before exercise (T0), shortly after exercise (T1), 15 min after exercise (T2), and 30 min after exercise (T3), respectively. Data was analyzed using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for repeated measures with times and groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the comparison depending on the passage of rest time after exercise suggest that the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of three groups at T2 significantly decreased compared to T1 (p< 0.001). PCV of the G2 and G3 groups were significantly decreased at T2 compared to T1 (p< 0.01). Hb values at G2 (p< 0.01) and G3 (p< 0.001) groups were significantly decreased at T2 as compared to T1. However, heart rate, blood lactate concentration, PCV and Hb level at T1 showed no difference in the comparison of horses from different age groups with the exception of G3 group in terms of heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiologic and hematological responses of horses during recovery time after 2,500 m exercise with gallop were no significant difference among the groups. These data are useful as a response evaluation method for training of endurance horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hippotherapy Welfare, SungDuk C. University, Yeongcheon-si, 38801 Gyeongsangbuk-do Korea ; 105, Daehak-gil, Sinnyeong-Myeon, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsngbuk-do 38801 Korea.
authors.forename: Ok-Deuk
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Horse Industry, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54874 Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yong-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Park
keywords: Age of horses; Animal welfare; Endurance; Exercise test; Physical response