title: New predictive model for microsurgical outcome of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: study protocol.
abstract: Although microsurgical resection is currently the first-line treatment modality for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), microsurgery of these lesions is complicated due to the fact that they are very heterogeneous vascular anomalies. The Spetzler-Martin grading system and the supplementary grading system have demonstrated excellent performances in predicting the risk of AVM surgery. However, there are currently no predictive models based on multimodal MRI techniques. The purpose of this study is to propose a predictive model based on multimodal MRI techniques to assess the microsurgical risk of intracranial AVMs.
  
  
  
  The study consists of 2 parts: the first part is to conduct a single-centre retrospective analysis of 201 eligible patients to create a predictive model of AVM surgery based on multimodal functional MRIs (fMRIs); the second part is to validate the efficacy of the predictive model in a prospective multicentre cohort study of 400 eligible patients. Patient characteristics, AVM features and multimodal fMRI data will be collected. The functional status at pretreatment and 6 months after surgery will be analysed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score. The patients in each part of this study will be dichotomised into 2 groups: those with improved or unchanged functional status (a decreased or unchanged mRS 6 months after surgery) and those with worsened functional status (an increased mRS). The first part will determine the risk factors of worsened functional status after surgery and create a predictive model. The second part will validate the predictive model and then a new AVM grading system will be proposed.
  
  
  
  The study protocol and informed consent form have been reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University (KY2016-031-01). The results of this study will be disseminated through printed media.
  
  
  
  NCT02868008.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.|Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Xianzeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.|Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.|Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.|Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yuanli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.|China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.|Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.|Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D059907:Functional Neuroimaging; D006801:Humans; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008866:Microsurgery; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); inctracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs); microsurgery; predictive model