title: Patterns and dietary intake of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in food products in China.
abstract: The health risk of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) to human being should be assessed regularly. To evaluate the contamination levels in various food products in the Chinese market and to assess the dietary exposure of the Chinese population, 11 varieties of food groups totaling 634 samples including beef and mutton, chicken and duck, pork, fish and seafood, milk and dairy products were evaluated. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs in all groups ranged from 0.291 to 8.468pg/g whole weight (w.w.). The average toxic equivalency concentrations were from 0.012pg TEQ/g w.w. for cereal to 0.367pg TEQ/g fat for marine oil. OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF were the dominant congeners in foodstuffs. The dietary estimated mean intake for the Chinese rural and urban populations were 0.656 and 0.514pg TEQ/kg body weight/day, respectively, however, the cereal group exposure were higher to the estimate daily intake and contributed 81% for rural and 48% for urban population, followed by fish and seafood which contributed 4% and 16% to the estimate daily intake. The estimated dietary intakes were compared with the toxicological reference values and showed that both rural and urban populations were well below those values.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: wangly1982@126.com.
authors.forename: Lingyun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China.
authors.forename: Gangdou
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Dioxin Pollution Control, National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Dioxin Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Comprehensive Test Center, Beijing 100123, China.
authors.forename: Yixiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Heidi Qunhui
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Tuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: binzhao@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins
keywords: China; Dietary intake; Foodstuffs; PCDD/Fs