title: The Effects of Formal Schooling on Cognitive Style.
abstract: A study was undertaken in Morocco in order to separate the effects of age and formal schooling on the development of cognitive style. A total of 384 boys (age range: 6-22 years) were selected from environmental backgrounds including: urban/schooled, rural/schooled, urban/nonschooled, and rural/nonschooled. Results indicated that chronological age and schooling played major, but independent roles in promoting perceptual development (and "field independent" cognitive style), while childhood environment appeared to have little effect. It was concluded that general statements about the effects of cultural socialization practices on cognitive style should be tempered by considering particular environmental experiences (such as formal schooling) that may significantly influence cognitive assessment techniques that are said to measure cognitive style.
authors.affiliation: a University of Pennsylvania , USA.
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wagner