title: Type 2 diabetes and its correlates in a first nationwide study among Cypriot adults.
abstract: Obesity rates in Cyprus are very high and epidemiological information on type 2 diabetes mellitus is limited. The correlates of type 2 diabetes among adults remain unknown in the Cypriot population. Thus, the purpose of this study is to provide the first national estimate of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and investigate its correlates. A randomly stratified nationally sample of 1001 adults aged 18-80 participated in the study. Only 950 subjects completed the study. All subjects were free of any diseases (known diabetes, kidney, liver), medication and supplementation. The overall prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes based on WHO criteria was 9.2% and 16.3%, respectively. After adjusting for age, energy intake, smoking and physical activity participants with obesity (BMI) (OR=2.00, P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (OR=2.08, P<0.001), hypertension (HT) (OR=1.99, P<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (HC) (OR=2.07, P<0.007) were most likely to develop T2DM compared with the normal ones. The odds of having diabetes were also found significant between subjects with high levels of triglycerides (TG) (OR=1.49, P<0.007), compared with the normal ones and between subjects with low levels of HDL (OR=1.44, P<0.008) compared with the ones with high levels of HDL. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Cyprus is relatively medium-high. However, the pre-diabetes rates are very high showing a promising increase toward total rates of type 2 diabetes. Obesity, HT, WC, TG, HC and low HDL are all strong correlates of type 2 diabetes. Healthy education programs should be initiated for young and older-aged people and those with described abnormal risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus; Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: aeleni@spidernet.com.cy.
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Andreou
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus; Zayed University Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Papandreou
authors.affiliation: Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Photos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hajigeorgiou
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kyriakou
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Thalia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Avraam
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chappa
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Procopis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kallis
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christalleni
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lazarou
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Philippou
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Center for European and International Affairs, University of Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christoforos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Christoforou
authors.affiliation: DNA Biomedical Science Lab, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kokkinofta
authors.affiliation: DNA Biomedical Science Lab, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dioghenous
authors.affiliation: Cyprus Dietetic and Nutrition Association, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Savvas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Savva
authors.affiliation: Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete Heraklion, Greece.
authors.forename: Antony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.affiliation: Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zampelas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015897:Comorbidity; D003535:Cyprus / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D055105:Waist Circumference; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids
keywords: Cyprus; Diet; Metabolic syndrome; Prevalence; Type 2 diabetes