title: Fetal Lymphatic Malformations: More Variable Than We Think?
abstract: Lymphatic malformations are benign lesions that result from abnormal development of the lymphatic and venous systems. These lesions may be detected during routine prenatal ultrasound screening, and typically demonstrate imaging findings of a multiseptate cystic lesion lacking solid components, vascularity, and calcifications. We report 73 cases of prenatally detected lymphatic malformations and describe greater variability in their prenatal sonographic appearance than previously reported, including purely cystic lesions and mixed cystic and solid lesions with calcifications. Appreciation of this increased variability is important in providing accurate prenatal diagnosis, counseling, and management.
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Beverly G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: DeBari
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Victoria
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Devon M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Looney
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Julie S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Moldenhauer
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Jill E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.affiliation: Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pawel
authors.affiliation: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.|Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: N Scott
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Adzick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D044148:Lymphatic Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: lymphatic malformation; obstetric ultrasound; prenatal diagnosis