title: Soft and Firm Alloplastic Implants in Rhinoplasty: Why, When and How to Use Them: A Review of 311 Cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modern rhinoplasty is not just a reduction procedure. An optimal nasal esthetic result occasionally requires augmenting the nasal tip, the dorsum or the lateral wall with autografts or alloplasts. A large number of nasal implant types have been reported in the medical literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this article is to demystify the role and indications of nasal implants in rhinoplasty. As well, it offers both the novice and experienced nasal surgeon a basic, simplified and organized approach to the use of soft and firm nasal implants in rhinoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  This article presents the authors experience with 311 rhinoplasties using both soft and firm alloplastic implants. The indications for both types of alloplasts are discussed, the surgical technique detailed and the outcomes analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 311 nasal implant cases were reviewed. This series revealed a low incidence of postoperative infection (5.57% for soft implants and 0.1% for the firm ones). The revision rate was 2.7% for the soft implants group and 7.1% for the firm implants group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Sq, Suite 1380, Montreal, QC, H3Z 2P9, Canada. info@drfanous.ca.|Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Bureau 8501, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada. info@drfanous.ca.
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fanous
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Bureau 8501, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tournas
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Sq, Suite 1380, Montreal, QC, H3Z 2P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Sq, Suite 1380, Montreal, QC, H3Z 2P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Yaseen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hôpital de Gatineau, 909, Boulevard La Vérendrye, Gatineau, QC, J8P 7H2, Canada.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Berbari
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Sq, Suite 1380, Montreal, QC, H3Z 2P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanous
authors.affiliation: Division of Facial Plastic, Reconstructive and Esthetic Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, 1 Westmount Sq, Suite 1380, Montreal, QC, H3Z 2P9, Canada.
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campagna-Vaillancourt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000145:classification*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012826:Silicone Elastomers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D012826:Silicone Elastomers
keywords: Alloplast; Nose; Prostheses and implants; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Rhinoplasty