title: Interferon-Mediated Tumor Resistance to Oncolytic Virotherapy.
abstract: Interferons (INFs) elicit antiviral responses in tumor cells upon binding to cell surface receptors. Oncolytic virotherapy (OV) is an effective antitumor therapeutic approach which in combination with standard radiotherapy or chemotherapy regimens potentiates treatment responses in cancer patients. However, oncolytic viruses are susceptible to the IFN-induced antiviral state in the tumor microenvironment. A number of studies have, therefore, investigated the effects of combined therapy of IFN signaling pharmacological inhibitors with oncolytic viruses, which result in improved virus replication and oncolysis. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the mechanisms of interferon-mediated tumor resistance to oncolytic virotherapy and provides new insights regarding the effectiveness of combinatorial treatment strategies to attenuate INF-induced OV resistance for greater clinical significance in the treatment of cancer patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1994-1999, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Safieh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Elnaz
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghorbani
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khazaei
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryzhikov
authors.affiliation: Virology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Kayhan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Azadmanesh
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.|Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Mahdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hassanian
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D050130:Oncolytic Virotherapy; D050504:Oncolytic Viruses / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055153:Stem Cell Niche / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; C527276:CXCR4 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D016023:Integrins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D007372:Interferons; D015232:Dinoprostone
keywords: CANCER; INTERFERON; ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY