title: Vocal Ergonomics in the Workplace: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Method Influences on Vocal Comfort and Function.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning method on voice function following a voicing task using ecologically valid offices, one with radiant HVAC and one with forced air.
  
  
  
  A total of 12 consented participants (6 women, 6 men) narrated a video in each of 4 environmental conditions in a within-between repeated-measures design. Acoustic data were collected with an ambulatory phonation monitor and perceived phonatory effort was determined following the voicing task. Data were analyzed using a within-between repeated-measures analysis of variance with significance set at α < .05.
  
  
  
  Perceived phonatory effort did not differ between environments; however, a significant difference in vocal amplitude between 2 trials was identified for the male participants and physiologically significant differences in vocal amplitude were identified for male and female participants.
  
  
  
  The findings suggest that perceived phonatory effort may not be a sensitive measure of vocal function differences following a voicing task in ecologically valid office spaces despite significant acoustic findings. Future research should address longer exposure to environmental differences combined with a longer voicing task within ecologically valid work spaces as well as the recruitment of participants who have particular vulnerability to environmental perturbations.
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, AL.
authors.forename: Mary J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sandage
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, AL.
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rahn
authors.affiliation: Auburn University, AL.
authors.forename: Audrey G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000389:Air Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006361:Heating / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D033262:Narration; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D014691:Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D014831:Voice; D017132:Workplace; D055815:Young Adult