title: Stimulus relevance modulates contrast adaptation in visual cortex.
abstract: A general principle of sensory processing is that neurons adapt to sustained stimuli by reducing their response over time. Most of our knowledge on adaptation in single cells is based on experiments in anesthetized animals. How responses adapt in awake animals, when stimuli may be behaviorally relevant or not, remains unclear. Here we show that contrast adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex depends on the behavioral relevance of the stimulus. Cells that adapted to contrast under anesthesia maintained or even increased their activity in awake naïve mice. When engaged in a visually guided task, contrast adaptation re-occurred for stimuli that were irrelevant for solving the task. However, contrast adaptation was reversed when stimuli acquired behavioral relevance. Regulation of cortical adaptation by task demand may allow dynamic control of sensory-evoked signal flow in the neocortex.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.|Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.|Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7997-6118
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houlton
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.|Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.|JARA BRAIN Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
authors.forename: Björn M
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4343-2634
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kampa
authors.affiliation: Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Nicholas A
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5238-4462
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Lesica
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Mrsic-Flogel
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.|Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Georg B
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1401-0117
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Fritjof
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8867-9569
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Helmchen
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D051379:Mice; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D014851:Wakefulness
keywords: attentional modulation; behavior; contrast adaptation; mouse; neuroscience; sensory processing; stimulus relevance; visual attention