title: Precision of Epithelial Defect Measurements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ensure optimal care of patients, cornea specialists measure corneal features, including epithelial defects (ED), with slit-lamp calipers. However, caliper measurements are subject to interphysician variability. We examined the extent of variability in ED measurements between cornea specialists and discuss the potential clinical impact.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 variably sized EDs were created in pig eyes. Three cornea specialists measured the maximum vertical and horizontal ED lengths to the nearest 10th of a millimeter using slit-lamp microscopy. An absolute difference in ED measurement between cornea specialists of 0.5 mm was chosen to be the a priori threshold for clinical significance and was evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Interrater reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average absolute difference in the vertical ED length between pairs of examiners ranged from 0.54 to 0.63 mm, and that of the horizontal ED length ranged from 0.44 to 0.46 mm. These differences in ED measurement were not significantly different from 0.5 mm (all P > 0.06). However, pairs of examiners differed in vertical ED length measurements by >0.5 mm in 44% to 52% of EDs and by >1.0 mm in 13% to 17% of EDs. Pairs of examiners differed in horizontal ED length measurements by >0.5 mm in 31% to 40% of EDs and by >1.0 mm in 10% to 15% of EDs. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.85 (95% confidence interval, 0.77-0.91) for vertical and 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.90) for horizontal ED measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cornea specialists showed good reliability in the measured EDs; however, depending on the threshold for clinical significance, a nontrivial percentage of cases have high interexaminer clinical variability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.
authors.forename: Purak C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Nita G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Valikodath
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Estopinal
authors.forename: Roni M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Shtein
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sugar
authors.forename: Leslie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Niziol
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Woodward
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D000072163:Ophthalmologists / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D006801:Humans