title: Explicit Not Implicit Preferences Predict Conservation Intentions for Endangered Species and Biomes.
abstract: Conservation of biodiversity is determined in part by human preferences. Preferences relevant to conservation have been examined largely via explicit measures (e.g., a self-reported degree of liking), with implicit measures (e.g., preconscious, automatic evaluations) receiving relatively less attention. This is the case despite psychological evidence from other contexts that implicit preferences are more informative of behavior. Thus, the type of measure that predicts conservation intentions for biodiversity is unknown. We conducted three studies to examine conservation intentions in light of people's explicit and implicit preferences toward four endangered species (sea otter, American badger, caribou, yellow-breasted chat) and four biomes (forest, ocean, grassland, tundra). In Study 1 (n = 55), we found that people implicitly preferred caribou most, but explicitly preferred sea otter most, with a significant multiple regression where participants' explicit preferences dictated their stated intended donations for conservation of each species. In Study 2 (n = 57) we found that people implicitly and explicitly preferred forest and ocean over grassland and tundra. Explicit rather than implicit preferences predicted the intended donation for conservation of the ocean biome. Study 3 involved a broader online sample of participants (n = 463) and also found that explicit preferences dictated the intended donations for conservation of biomes and species. Our findings reveal discrepancies between implicit and explicit preferences toward species, but not toward biomes. Importantly, the results demonstrate that explicit rather than implicit preferences predict conservation intentions for biodiversity. The current findings have several implications for conservation and the communication of biodiversity initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Alejandra
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-0509
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Echeverri
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Kai M A
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Terre
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satterfield
authors.affiliation: Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.|Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Jiaying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D001290:Attitude; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D056727:Endangered Species; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D055815:Young Adult