title: Vanishing bile duct syndrome in Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report and literature review.
abstract: Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) has been described in different pathologic conditions including infection, ischemia, adverse drug reactions, autoimmune diseases, allograft rejection, and humoral factors associated with malignancy. It is an acquired condition characterized by progressive destruction and loss of the intra-hepatic bile ducts leading to cholestasis. Prognosis is variable and partially dependent upon the etiology of bile duct injury. Irreversible bile duct loss leads to significant ductopenia, biliary cirrhosis, liver failure, and death. If biliary epithelial regeneration occurs, clinical recovery may occur over a period of months to years. VBDS has been described in a number of cases of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) where it is thought to be a paraneoplastic phenomenon. This case describes a 25-year-old man found on liver biopsy to have VBDS. Given poor response to medical treatment, the patient underwent transplant evaluation at that time and was found to have classical stage IIB HL. Early recognition of this underlying cause or association of VBDS, including laboratory screening, and physical exam for lymphadenopathy are paramount to identifying potential underlying VBDS-associated malignancy. Here we review the literature of HL-associated VBDS and report a case of diagnosed HL with biopsy proven VBDS.
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Mena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bakhit
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Sunhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Basile
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Njei
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: Raffi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karagozian
authors.affiliation: Mena Bakhit, Thomas R McCarty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
authors.forename: AnnMarie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liapakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D049448:Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000209:etiology; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000097:blood; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C082332:macrophage stimulating protein; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor
keywords: Bile ductopenia; Cholestasis; Hodgkin’s lymphoma; Liver; Vanishing bile duct syndrome