title: Mechanisms of Li+Ions in the Emission Enhancement of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+for White Light Emitting Diodes.
abstract: Codoping with Li+is a prevalent strategy to improve the optical efficiency of luminescent materials, while the mechanisms of enhancement are still ambiguous. Herein, we delineate the major ways by which Li+enhanced the emission of orthophosphate phosphor KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+and quantify the relative contributions of each mechanism. Results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies show that the 3.8-fold increase in emission intensity caused by optimized Li+doping was attributed to flux effect (∼30.84%), crystal-field splitting (∼5.30%), and a reduction in concentration quenching (∼63.86%), respectively. The as-synthesized materials also show excellent thermal stability and an increased internal quantum efficiency of 84.02% compared with 53.13% of nondoped phosphors. The white light emitting diodes employing KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+,Li+as a blue-emitting component exhibit superior electroluminescence properties. The above results demonstrate that introducing Li+ions can obviously enhance the luminescence efficiency of KMg4(PO4)3:Eu2+phosphor.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China.|Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8276, United States.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-7096
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8276, United States.
authors.forename: Chuanhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Zhuang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.affiliation: Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences , Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yangai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu