title: Dynamic behaviour of human neuroepithelial cells in the developing forebrain.
abstract: To understand how diverse progenitor cells contribute to human neocortex development, we examined forebrain progenitor behaviour using timelapse imaging. Here we find that cell cycle dynamics of human neuroepithelial (NE) cells differ from radial glial (RG) cells in both primary tissue and in stem cell-derived organoids. NE cells undergoing proliferative, symmetric divisions retract their basal processes, and both daughter cells regrow a new process following cytokinesis. The mitotic retraction of the basal process is recapitulated by NE cells in cerebral organoids generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. In contrast, RG cells undergoing vertical cleavage retain their basal fibres throughout mitosis, both in primary tissue and in older organoids. Our findings highlight developmentally regulated changes in mitotic behaviour that may relate to the role of RG cells to provide a stable scaffold for neuronal migration, and suggest that the transition in mitotic dynamics can be studied in organoid models.
authors.affiliation: Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.affiliation: Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bershteyn
authors.affiliation: Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.|Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Mercedes F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Paredes
authors.affiliation: Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, San Francisco, California 94143-0525, USA.
authors.forename: Arnold R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kriegstein
mesh_terms: D000029:Abortion, Legal; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002465:Cell Movement; D048749:Cytokinesis; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus; D006801:Humans; D057026:Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008938:Mitosis; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D058953:Neural Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D046569:Neuroepithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D055495:Neurogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009940:Organoids / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First