title: Induction of apoptosis and DNA damage by 4-nonylphenol in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and the antioxidant role of Cydonia oblonga.
abstract: In this study, we assessed the toxic effects of sub lethal concentration (0.1mgl-1) 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) on serum biochemical parameters, liver lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for 14 days and the ability of the quince leaf extract to alleviate the effects of (4-NP). Fish were categorized into four groups: control, exposure to 0.1mgl-14-NP, exposure to 0.1mgl-14-NP with quince leaf extract (10ml/30L water), and exposure to 0.1mgl-14-NP with quince leaf extract (20ml/30L water). 4-NP exposure induced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the levels of glucose, AST, ALT, creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, and G6PDH as well as, the percentages of hepatic LPO level, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic erythrocytes (p<0.05). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, albumin, globulin, total lipids, and LDH were also recorded. Liver enzyme activities (SOD, CAT and TAC) were increased. Addition of the quince leaf extract into the water was able to reinstate the alterations in biochemical parameters, antioxidant biomarkers, apoptotic level and hepatic DNA damage induced by 4-NP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Electronic address: alaa_h254@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Alaa El-Din H
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sayed
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of women for Arts, Science & Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: Heba S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Hamed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002397:Catfishes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D027824:Rosaceae; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041594:4-nonylphenol
keywords: 4- Nonylphenol; Biochemistry; Catfish; DNA; Oxidative stress; Quince