title: RNA Expression Profiling Reveals Differentially Regulated Growth Factor and Receptor Expression in Redirected Cancer Cells.
abstract: Tumorigenic cells can be redirected to adopt a normal phenotype when transplanted into cleared mammary fat pads of juvenile female mice in specific ratios with normal epithelial cells. The redirected tumorigenic cells enter stem cell niches and provide progeny that differentiate into all mammary epithelial subtypes. We have developed an in vitro model that mimics the in vivo phenomenon. The shift in phenotype to redirection should be accomplished through a return to a normal gene expression state. To measure this shift, we interrogated the transcriptome of various in vitro model states in search for casual genes. For this study, expression of growth factors, cytokines, and their associated receptors was examined. In all, we queried 251 growth factor and cytokine-related genes. We found numerous growth factor and cytokine genes whose expression levels switched from expression levels seen in cancer cells to expression levels observed in normal cells. The comparisons of gene expression between normal mammary epithelial cells, tumor-derived cells, and redirected cancer cells have revealed insight into active and inactive growth factors and cytokines in cancer cell redirection.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Hannah S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Jang Pyo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: 3 Friedrich-Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research , Basel, Switzerland .|4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Marie-May
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Coissieux
authors.affiliation: 3 Friedrich-Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research , Basel, Switzerland .|4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland .
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentires-Alj
authors.affiliation: 5 Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: F Alex
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Feltus
authors.affiliation: 2 Institute for Biological Interfaces of Engineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.|6 Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University , Clemson, South Carolina.
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Booth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D060833:Cellular Microenvironment / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor
keywords: RNA; gene expression; plasticity