title: Lower extremity venous reflux.
abstract: Venous incompetence in the lower extremity is a common clinical problem. Basic understanding of venous anatomy, pathophysiologic mechanisms of venous reflux is essential for choosing the appropriate treatment strategy. The complex interplay of venous pressure, abdominal pressure, venous valvular function and gravitational force determine the venous incompetence. This review is intended to provide a succinct review of the pathophysiology of venous incompetence and the current role of imaging in its management.
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imagingy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Vinit
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baliyan
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Shahein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tajmir
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Sandeep S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hedgire
authors.affiliation: Division of Interventional Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Suvranu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ganguli
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Anand M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
keywords: Venous reflux; ablation; lower extremity ultrasound; venous incompetence