title: Dietary spermidine for lowering high blood pressure.
abstract: Loss of cardiac macroautophagy/autophagy impairs heart function, and evidence accumulates that an increased autophagic flux may protect against cardiovascular disease. We therefore tested the protective capacity of the natural autophagy inducer spermidine in animal models of aging and hypertension, which both represent major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Dietary spermidine elicits cardioprotective effects in aged mice through enhancing cardiac autophagy and mitophagy. In salt-sensitive rats, spermidine supplementation also delays the development of hypertensive heart disease, coinciding with reduced arterial blood pressure. The high blood pressure-lowering effect likely results from improved global arginine bioavailability and protection from hypertension-associated renal damage. The polyamine spermidine is naturally present in human diets, though to a varying amount depending on food type and preparation. In humans, high dietary spermidine intake correlates with reduced blood pressure and decreased risk of cardiovascular disease and related death. Altogether, spermidine represents a cardio- and vascular-protective autophagy inducer that can be readily integrated in common diets.
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.|b BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.affiliation: c Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdellatif
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pendl
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.|d Department of Internal Medicine , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harger
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Slaven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stekovic
authors.affiliation: e Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.|f Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy) , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schipke
authors.affiliation: g Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., HEALTH, Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnes
authors.affiliation: c Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruckenstuhl
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dammbrueck
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Angelina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: c Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Viktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Didac
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carmona-Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: h Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.|i Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center , Villejuif , France.|j INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France.|k Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.|l Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pietrocola
authors.affiliation: b BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria.|d Department of Internal Medicine , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.|g Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., HEALTH, Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pieber
authors.affiliation: m Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany.|n NeuroCure, Charité , Berlin , Germany.
authors.forename: Stephan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sigrist
authors.affiliation: o Department of Cardiovascular Physiology , Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.affiliation: e Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany.|f Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (From Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy) , Hannover , Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mühlfeld
authors.affiliation: p Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine , Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School , Newark , NJ , USA.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadoshima
authors.affiliation: q FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies , Department of Dermatology , Medical Center, ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany.|r Department of Biology , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Joern
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dengjel
authors.affiliation: s Department of Neurology , Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiechl
authors.affiliation: h Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France.|i Cell Biology and Metabolomics Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Center , Villejuif , France.|j INSERM, U1138 , Paris , France.|k Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France.|l Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France.|t Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou , Paris , France.|u Karolinska Institute , Department of Women's and Children's Health , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kroemer
authors.affiliation: b BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria.|c Department of Cardiology , Medical University of Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sedej
authors.affiliation: a Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria.|b BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madeo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008954:Models, Biological; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D013095:Spermidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013095:Spermidine
keywords: aging; autophagy; cardiovascular disease; hypertension; polyamine; spermidine