title: Correlation Between Advanced Glycation End-Products, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Bladder Dysfunctions in Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether serum and urinary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are related to urinary symptoms and bladder dysfunctions in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were enrolled. LUTS evaluation was performed by IPSS (International Prostatic Symptoms Score), QoL (quality of life), OAB (overactive bladder). ICI-SF (International Consultation on Incontinence - short form) quaestionneires; ultrasound examination, evaluation of postvoid residual (PVR), uroflowmetry, cystometry with pressure-flow study (PFS) were performed to detect bladder dysfunctions. Serum and urinary AGEs were quantified by ELISA method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were divided into four subgroups: (i) normal-detrusor-contractility + normal- detrusor-activity (1 ♂ [4.8%] and 4 ♀ [21%]), (ii) impaired-detrusor-contractility + normal-detrusor- activity (4 ♂ [19.1%] and 0 ♀), (iii) normal-detrusor-contractility + detrusor-overactivity (1 ♂ [4.8%] and 6 ♀ [31.6%]), (iv) impaired-detrusor-contractility + detrusor-overactivity (15 ♂ [71.4%] and 9 ♀ [47.4%]). Serum AGEs were 12.2 ± 5.5 in men and 10.4 ± 5.6 in women; urinary AGEs were 1.5 ± 1.1 in men and 2.5 ± 1.6 in women. Serum AGEs exhibited a positive correlation with IPSS (P < 0.05) and OAB-q scores (P < 0.01). Increased serum AGEs were associated with a significant reduction in the parameters reflecting impaired detrusor contractility with simultaneous reductions of urinary AGEs (P < 0.01). A greater correlation was observed between serum AGEs and subgroup 4 (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum AGEs seem to be early markers of diabetic complications and appear to be related to LUTS and bladder dysfunctions.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galì
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mucciardi
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butticè
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Subba
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lembo
authors.affiliation: Unit of Urology, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: low urinary tract symptoms; serum and urinary ages; type 2 diabetes mellitus; urodynamics dysfunctions