title: Endothelin Signaling in Bone.
abstract: The endothelin (ET) system includes 3 small peptide hormones and a pair of G-protein-coupled receptors. This review first outlines the ET signaling pathway and ET metabolism. Next, it summarizes the role of ET1 signaling in craniofacial development. Then, it discusses observations relating ET signaling to osteoblastic and other osteosclerotic processes in cancer. Finally, it describes recent work in our laboratory that points to endothelin signaling as an upstream mediator of WNT signaling, promoting bone matrix synthesis and mineralization. It concludes with a statement of some remaining gaps in knowledge and proposals for future research.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Jasmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristianto
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Rafia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Afzal
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; Medical Service, Clement J. Zablocki VAMC, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA. Electronic address: roblank@mcw.edu.
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Blank
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D010012:Osteogenesis; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1
keywords: Endothelin 1 signaling; Mechanotransduction; Micro-RNA; Osteogenesis; WNT Signaling