title: Reduction of Radiation Exposure Using Dynamic Trace Digital Angiography and Spot Fluoroscopy During Adrenal Venous Sampling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare radiation exposure of adrenal venous sampling (AVS) using dynamic trace digital angiography (DTDA) and spot fluoroscopy with that using conventional methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  AVS was performed in 11 patients using DTDA and spot fluoroscopy (Group A) and 11 patients using conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with collimation (Group B). Radiation exposure and image quality of adrenal venography using a five-point scale were compared between the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The acquisition dose-area product (DAP) using DTDA and fluoro-DAP using spot fluoroscopy in Group A were lower than those using conventional DSA (5.3 ± 3.7 vs. 29.1 ± 20.1 Gy cm2, p < 0.001) and collimation (33.3 ± 22.9 vs. 59.1 ± 35.7 Gy cm2, p = 0.088) in Group B. The total DAP in Group A was significantly lower than that in Group B (38.6 ± 25.9 vs. 88.2 ± 53.6 Gy cm2, p = 0.006). The peak skin dose for patients and operator radiation exposure in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B (403 ± 340 vs. 771 ± 416 mGy, p = 0.030, and 17.1 ± 14.8 vs. 36.6 ± 21.7 μSv, p = 0.013). The image quality of DTDA (4.4 ± 0.6) was significantly higher than that of digital angiography (3.8 ± 0.9, p = 0.011) and equivalent to that of DSA (4.3 ± 0.8, p = 0.651).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiation exposure during AVS can be reduced by approximately half for both patients and operators by using DTDA and spot fluoroscopy without sacrificing image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan. i@imodey.com.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Umiko
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishina
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Radiology), Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D000069079:Radiation Exposure; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: AVS; Adrenal venous sampling; Dynamic trace digital angiography; Interventional radiology; Radiation exposure; Spot fluoroscopy