title: Dental trauma and bicycle safety: a report in Italian children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This retrospective study aims to analyze the pattern of oro-facial trauma from bicycle accidents in Italian children and adolescents, focusing on the safety devices used.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 1405 patients of the Dental Clinic of the University of Brescia, between the age of 0 to 18, who experienced a dento-facial trauma from the use of a bicycle, were analyzed. Data regarding age, gender, weight, height, dominant hand, type of bicycle, use of safety devices, location and type of dental trauma, teeth involved, bone fractures and soft tissue lesions were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The majority of the traumatic events occurred in children within the 8-10 years of age-range; 1085 teeth were injured, of which 975 permanent teeth (89.9%) and 110 primary teeth (10.1%). The most common dental lesions were the coronal fractures (complicated and not complicated) while the most frequently involved teeth were the upper central incisors; 11% of patients were also treated for maxillo-facial fractures. A protective helmet was worn only in 3% of the cases; not one patient wore a mouth-guard. The use of helmets was more frequent in children and adolescents riding racing-bikes competitively, compared to those who were mountain bikers (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bicycle accidents can have serious oro-facial consequences. Therefore, national and regional efforts should be made in Italy to promote head and mouth protection in cycling.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health , Dental School, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amadori
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health , Dental School, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bardellini
authors.affiliation: b Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Copeta
authors.affiliation: c Department of Oral Surgery , University Vita-Salute S. Raffaele , Milan , Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.affiliation: b Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering , University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.affiliation: a Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health , Dental School, University of Brescia , Brescia , Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Majorana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001642:Bicycling / Q000293:injuries*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006260:Head Protective Devices; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000293:injuries; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009055:Mouth / Q000293:injuries*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014082:Tooth Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology; D018677:Tooth Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000293:injuries
keywords: Injuries; child; prevention