title: Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected adults in Botswana: prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: We sought to determine the clinical and epidemiologic determinants of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in HIV-infected individuals at two outpatient centers in southern Botswana. Standard microbiologic techniques were used to identify S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). In a sample of 404 HIV-infected adults, prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was 36.9% (n = 152) and was associated with domestic overcrowding and lower CD4 cell count. MRSA prevalence was low (n = 13, 3.2%), but more common among individuals with asthma and eczema. The implications of these findings for HIV management are discussed.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Infectious Diseases , University of California , San Francisco , USA.
authors.forename: Michael J A
authors.initials: MJA
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.affiliation: b Botswana-UPenn Partnership , Gaborone , Botswana.|c Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , USA.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Steenhoff
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Botswana , Gaborone , Botswana.
authors.forename: Naledi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mannathoko
authors.affiliation: b Botswana-UPenn Partnership , Gaborone , Botswana.
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muthoga
authors.affiliation: e The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health , Houston , Texas.
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McHugh
authors.affiliation: e The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health , Houston , Texas.
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: e The University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health , Houston , Texas.|f National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas.
authors.forename: Rebecca S B
authors.initials: RSB
authors.lastname: Fischer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001902:Botswana / Q000453:epidemiology; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003441:Crowding; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055624:Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
keywords: S. aureus; HIV; nasal colonization; sub-Saharan Africa