title: Effects of blood lead and cadmium levels on homocysteine level in plasma.
abstract: We studied the effect of non-occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on homocysteine level in plasma. Homocysteine is a marker for plasma folate folic acid metabolism in urban populations.
  
  
  
  159 individuals from Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai with no history of close exposure to heavy metals and no history of metabolic diseases were enrolled to participate in this study. Blood lead and cadmium levels were detected using ICP-MS method and the level of homocysteine was also measured using enzyme method. Our results showed that blood lead and cadmium levels in males were significantly higher than those in females. Also, blood lead and cadmium levels in smokers were higher than those in non-smokers; homocysteine level was significantly higher in smokers as well. According to blood lead and cadmium levels, cases were divided into four groups.
  
  
  
  Our results showed that a surge in blood lead and cadmium levels could result in an increase in homocysteine level. We concluded that in the Chinese population, smoking and gender might be the risk factors for elevated levels of lead and cadmium. Meanwhile, blood lead and cadmium levels may influence the homocysteine levels in the body.
  
  
  
  It is possible to speculate that non-occupational exposure to lead and cadmium, by increasing the homocysteine levels, negatively affect the cardiovascular and nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. 332952320@qq.com.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: J-G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Y-Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: S-L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: X-G
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L-L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: J-R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000097:blood*; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; D006710:Homocysteine; D007854:Lead; D005492:Folic Acid