title: The Impact of Transforming Growth Factor-β1Level on Outcome After Catheter Ablation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) is an important factor that induces atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between TGF-β1level and clinical factors before catheter ablation (CA), and to investigate the impact of TGF-β1level on the outcome after CA for AF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This prospective study included 151 patients (persistent AF group: n = 59, paroxysmal AF [PAF] group: n = 54, and control group: n = 38). All patients who underwent CA for AF were followed up for 12 months. The PAF group had the highest TGF-β1levels in all patients. An early recurrence of AF (ERAF: defined as episodes of atrial tachyarrhythmia within a 3-month blanking period) was detected in 60 patients (53%). Recurrent AF after the blanking period was detected in 36 patients (32%). On multivariate analysis, low TGF-β1level was the only independent factor associated with recurrent AF. Moreover, the AF recurrence ratio was higher in the low TGF-β1group (< 12.56 ng/mL) than in the high TGF-β1group (16 of 29 patients, 55% vs. 20 of 84 patients, 24%, P = 0.002 by log-rank test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAF was associated with a higher TGF-β1level. Moreover, lower TGF-β1level in AF patients could be a cause of recurrent AF after CA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishima
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takanao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mine
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ashida
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000097:blood*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
keywords: atrial fibrillation; atrial fibrosis; catheter ablation; inflammation; transforming growth factor-β1