title: [PHQ-2 as First Screening Instrument of Prenatal Depression in Primary Health Care, Spain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal depression is a major public health problem that is barely treated. Based on existing literature, depression during this period is associated with negative consequences for the mother and the baby. Therefore it is important to make an adequate screening in this population. The aim of this study was to determine the discriminant validity and cut-off of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) as a screening tool to identify the depression in pregnant women living in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 1,019 female participants, aged between 19 and 45 years, who participated voluntarily, and received prenatal care during the first trimester. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, PHQ-2 andPHQ-9. The research has been developed within the Obstetrics and Gynecology department at two public hospitals in two different Spanish Regions. The research was conducted between 2014 and 2016 performing a ROC curve analysis to determine the discriminative capacity and cut-off for PHQ-2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11,1 % out of 1019 participants were diagnosed with depression. The area under the curve of PHQ-2 was 0,84 p smaller than 0,001. With the cutoff 2 the sensitivity and specificity of 85,4 % and 79,5% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A score Equal or greater than 2 is an appropriate cut-off in PHQ-2 to detect depression during pregnancy. The use of PHQ-2 could precede PHQ-9 as a brief screening tool for antenatal depression in obstetric settings.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: María de la Fe
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Muñoz
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: Pilar Carolina
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Castelao Legazpi
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: María Eugenia
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Olivares Crespo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Hospital Central de Asturias. Oviedo. España.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soto Balbuena
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. España.
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izquierdo Méndez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Hospital Central de Asturias. Oviedo. España.
authors.forename: Francisco Javier
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ferrer Barrientos
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psicología. George Washington University. Washington DC. Estados Unidos.
authors.forename: Le
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huynh-Nhu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Depression; Early Diagnosis; Mass screening; Postpartum period; Pregnant woman; Prenatal Care; Prevention and control; Spain; Validation studies