title: A SUMO Ligase AtMMS21 Regulates the Stability of the Chromatin Remodeler BRAHMA in Root Development.
abstract: Chromatin remodeling is essential for gene expression regulation in plant development and response to stresses. Brahma (BRM) is a conserved ATPase in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and is involved in various biological processes in plant cells, but the regulation mechanism on BRM protein remains unclear. Here, we report that BRM interacts with AtMMS21, a SUMO ligase in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The interaction was confirmed in different approaches in vivo and in vitro. The mutants ofBRMandAtMMS21displayed a similar defect in root development. In themms21-1mutant, the protein level of BRM-GFP was significantly lower than that in wild type, but the RNA level ofBRMdid not change. Biochemical evidence indicated that BRM was modified by SUMO3, and the reaction was enhanced by AtMMS21. Furthermore, overexpression of wild-type AtMMS21 but not the mutated AtMMS21 without SUMO ligase activity was able to recover the stability of BRM inmms21-1Overexpression ofBRMinmms21-1partially rescued the developmental defect of roots. Taken together, these results supported that AtMMS21 regulates the protein stability of BRM in root development.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Jianbin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Feige
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Songguang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Jieming
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7163-7477
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Qingliang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Yiyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Mengyuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Jinju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Qi
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8262-9093
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.).|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.).|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.).|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.).
authors.forename: Keqiang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China (J.Z., J.L., F.W., Z.H., J.J., Q.W., Y.L., M.Y., J.D., C.Y.); yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.|Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China (S.Y.); yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.|State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (Q.L., Q.X.); yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.|Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Q.L., Q.X.); and yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.|Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan (K.W.) yangchw@scnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Chengwei
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2648-3181
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008025:Ligases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011485:Protein Binding; D055550:Protein Stability; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C514541:BRM protein, Arabidopsis; D008025:Ligases; C555898:MMS21 protein, Arabidopsis