title: Effect of Capacitive and Resistive electric transfer on haemoglobin saturation and tissue temperature.
abstract: This study aims to evaluate the effects of Capacitive and Resistive electric transfer (CRet) and hotpack (HP) on haemoglobin saturation and tissue temperature.
  
  
  
  The participants were 13 healthy males (mean age 24.5 ± 3.0). They underwent three interventions on different days: (1) CRet (CRet group), (2) HP (HP group) and (3) CRet without power (sham group). The intervention and measurement were applied at the lower paraspinal muscle. Indiba®active ProRecovery HCR902 was used in the CRet group, and the moist heat method was used in the HP group. Oxygenated, deoxygenated and total haemoglobin (oxy-Hb, deoxy-Hb, total-Hb) counts were measured before and after the 15-min interventions, together with the temperature at the skin surface, and at depths of 10 mm and 20 mm (ST, 10mmDT and 20mmDT, respectively). The haemoglobin saturation and tissue temperature were measured until 30 min after the intervention and were collected at 5-min intervals. Statistical analysis was performed for each index by using the Mann-Whitney U test for comparisons between all groups at each time point.
  
  
  
  Total-Hb and oxy-Hb were significantly higher in the CRet group than in the HP group continuously for 30 min after the intervention. The 10mmDT and 20mmDT were significantly higher in the CRet group than in the HP group from 10- to 30 min after intervention.
  
  
  
  The effect on haemoglobin saturation was higher in the CRet group than in the HP group. In addition, the CRet intervention warmed deep tissue more effectively than HP intervention.
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: b Department of Physical Therapy , School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiguchi
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukutani
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirooka
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Seishiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tasaka
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomofumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuboyama
authors.affiliation: a Human Health Sciences , Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D025802:Electric Capacitance; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D064170:Paraspinal Muscles; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins
keywords: Capacitive and Resistive electric transfer system; haemoglobin saturation; healthy adults; hotpack; tissue temperature