title: 3D Printing of Preoperative Simulation Models of a Splenic Artery Aneurysm: Precision and Accuracy.
abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is attracting increasing attention in the medical field. This study aimed to apply 3D printing to the production of hollow splenic artery aneurysm models for use in the simulation of endovascular treatment, and to evaluate the precision and accuracy of the simulation model.
  
  
  
  From 3D computed tomography (CT) angiography data of a splenic artery aneurysm, 10 hollow models reproducing the vascular lumen were created using a fused deposition modeling-type desktop 3D printer. After filling with water, each model was scanned using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of the lumen. All images were coregistered, binarized, and then combined to create an overlap map. The cross-sectional area of the splenic artery aneurysm and its standard deviation (SD) were calculated perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.
  
  
  
  Most voxels overlapped among the models. The cross-sectional areas were similar among the models, with SDs <0.05 cm2. The mean cross-sectional areas of the splenic artery aneurysm were slightly smaller than those calculated from the original mask images. The maximum mean cross-sectional areas calculated perpendicular to the x- and y-axes were 3.90 cm2(SD, 0.02) and 4.33 cm2(SD, 0.02), whereas those calculated from the original mask images were 4.14 cm2and 4.66 cm2, respectively. The mean cross-sectional areas of the afferent artery were, however, almost the same as those calculated from the original mask images.
  
  
  
  The results suggest that 3D simulation modeling of a visceral artery aneurysm using a fused deposition modeling-type desktop 3D printer and computed tomography angiography data is highly precise and accurate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: takaoh-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Hidemasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shiori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eisuke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kuni
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtomo
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000783:Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D003198:Computer Simulation; D057510:Endovascular Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D057234:Preoperative Period; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D013157:Splenic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
keywords: 3D printing; additive manufacturing; aneurysm; rapid prototyping; splenic artery