title: Efficacy ofPistacia khinjukFruits on Viability of Hydatid Cyst Protoscoleces and Its Acute Toxicity in Mice Model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This investigation aimed to evaluate thein vitroscolicidal effects ofPistacia khinjukmethanolic extract against protoscoleces of hydatid cysts and its acute toxicity in mice NMRI model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protoscoleces were aseptically extracted from sheep livers having hydatid cysts. Various concentrations of the essential oil (12.5-100 mg/mL) were used for 10 to 60 min. Viability of protoscoleces was confirmed using eosin exclusion test (0.1% eosin staining). Twenty-four male NMRI mice were used to assess the acute toxicity ofP. khinjuk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  P. khinjukextract at the concentrations of 100 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure killed 100% of protoscoleces. Similarly, the mean of mortality rate of protoscoleces after 20 min of exposure to the concentration of 50 mg/mL was 100%. The LD50of the intraperitoneal injection of theP. khinjukmethanolic extract was 2.8 g/kg and the maximum non-fatal dose was 1.7 g/kg.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings demonstrated effective scolicidal effects ofP. khinjukextract with no considerable toxicity that might be a natural source for the producing of new scolicidal agent.
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahmoudvand
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
authors.forename: Seyed Reza
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mirbadie
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghasemi Kia
authors.affiliation: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ebrahim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Badparva
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeedeh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shamsadini Lori
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: Majid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fasihi Harandi
keywords: Cystic echinococcosis; Echinococcus granulosus; Hydatid cyst; Scolicidal; Toxicity