title: Multi-elemental analysis of Lentinula edodes mushrooms available in trade.
abstract: The present study investigated the content of 62 elements in the fruiting bodies of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake mushroom) cultivated commercially in Poland on various substrates from 2007-2015. The general mean content (mg kg-1dry weight (DW)) of the studied elements ranked in the following order: K (26,335) > P (11,015) > Mg (2,284) > Ca (607) > Na (131) > Zn (112) > Fe (69) > Mn (33) > B (32) > Rb (17) > Cu (14.5) > Al (11.2) > Te (2.9) > As (1.80) > Cd (1.76) > Ag (1.73) > Nd (1.70) > Sr (1.46) > Se (1.41) > U (1.11) > Pt (0.90) > Ce (0.80) > Ba (0.61) > Co (0.59) > Tl (0.58) > Er (0.50) > Pb (0.42) > Li (0.40) > Pr (0.39) > Ir (0.37) > In (0.35) > Mo (0.31) > Cr (0.29) > Ni (0.28) > Sb (0.26) > Re (0.24) > Ti (0.19) > Bi (0.18) > Th (0.12) > La (0.10) = Pd (0.10) > Os (0.09) = Zr (0.09) > Rh (0.08) > Ho (0.07) > Ru (0.06) > Sm (0.04) = Eu (0.04) = Tm (0.04) > Gd (0.03) > Sc (0.02) = Y (0.02) > Lu (0.01) = Yb (0.01) = V (0.01). The contents of Au, Be, Dy, Ga, Ge, Hf, and Tb were below the limits of detection (0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.01, 0.02 mg kg-1respectively). The concentrations of Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Cr, Er, Fe, In, Lu, Mn, Nd, Sr, Ti, Tm, and Zr were comparable over the period the mushrooms were cultivated. The study revealed that Lentinula edodes contained As and Cd at levels potentially adverse to human health. This highlights the need to monitor these elements in food products obtained from this mushroom species and ensure that only low levels of these elements are present in cultivation substrates.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mleczek
authors.affiliation: b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwulski
authors.affiliation: c Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzymski
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niedzielski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gąsecka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jasińska
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznań University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budzyńska
authors.affiliation: e Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Budka
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D010945:Plants, Edible / Q000737:chemistry*; D011044:Poland; D020942:Shiitake Mushrooms / Q000737:chemistry*; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements
keywords: Lentinula edodes; food safety; multi-elemental analyses