title: Testing of bioactive-nanovesicles on hepatotoxicity of atypical antipsychotics via digital holography.
abstract: Atypical antipsychotic drugs induce hepatic toxicity. Thus, it is of importance to eliminate the side effects of these drugs. Herein we describe the preparation of nanoemulsions with a dietary supplement; wheat germ oil (WGO), to ameliorate the liver damage induced by clozapine and olanzapine. THLE-2 cell line was used as a model to investigate the effects of these nanoemulsions on cell viability as well as antioxidative efficiency after antipsychotic insult. In this context, a conventional cell culture method; MTT was used along with a novel cellular imaging technique called digital holography (DH) to evaluate cell viability. Obtained data confirmed that both clozapine and olanzapine induced the liver damage in in vitro model and WGO nanoemulsions were found to be effective on cells and eliminate the cytotoxic effects of these drugs. Briefly, this study has some outputs as follows; it showed that different dietary supplements can be used in such formulations instead of their pristine forms to increase bioavailability. Also, DH was successfully applied for the monitoring of cell viability and it could be a promising approach as the reactive-free cytotoxicity test.
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozturk Kirbay
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Caner
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Geyik
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yesiltepe
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Zinar Pinar
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey.
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Odaci Demirkol
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey. Electronic address: hakan.coskunol@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Coskunol
authors.affiliation: Ege University Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry and Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Izmir 35100, Turkey. Electronic address: suna.timur@ege.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Timur
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D006696:Holography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D004655:Emulsions; D010938:Plant Oils; D001569:Benzodiazepines; C050055:wheat germ oil; D003024:Clozapine; D000077152:Olanzapine
keywords: Bioactive-nanostructures; Dietary supplement; Digital holography (DH); Nanoemulsions; Nanovesicles; Viability