title: Feasibility of Using Microsoft Kinect to Assess Upper Limb Movement in Type III Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients.
abstract: Although functional rating scales are being used increasingly as primary outcome measures in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), sensitive and objective assessment of early-stage disease progression and drug efficacy remains challenging. We have developed a game based on the Microsoft Kinect sensor, specifically designed to measure active upper limb movement. An explorative study was conducted to determine the feasibility of this new tool in 18 ambulant SMA type III patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Upper limb movement was analysed elaborately through derived features such as elbow flexion and extension angles, arm lifting angle, velocity and acceleration. No significant differences were found in the active range of motion between ambulant SMA type III patients and controls. Hand velocity was found to be different but further validation is necessary. This study presents an important step in the process of designing and handling digital biomarkers as complementary outcome measures for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Data Science, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Xing
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-3002
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Translational Technologies and Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Juliane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siebourg-Polster
authors.affiliation: Data Science, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Detlef
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.affiliation: Biomarker Experimental Medicine, Neuroscience, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Czech
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonati
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuropediatrics, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.|Department of Neurology, University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Translational Medicine, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khwaja
authors.affiliation: Data Science, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development Informatics, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Strahm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014897:Spinal Muscular Atrophies of Childhood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018910:Video Games; D055815:Young Adult