title: Extraction of hydrocarbons from freshwater green microalgae (Botryococcus sp.) biomass after phycoremediation of domestic wastewater.
abstract: This study was undertaken to analyze the efficiency of Botryococcus sp. in the phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and to determine the variety of hydrocarbons derived from microalgal oil after phycoremediation. The study showed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction of pollutant loads of up to 93.9% chemical oxygen demand, 69.1% biochemical oxygen demand, 59.9% total nitrogen, 54.5% total organic carbon, and 36.8% phosphate. The average dry weight biomass produce was 0.1 g/L of wastewater. In addition, the dry weight biomass of Botryococcus sp. was found to contain 72.5% of crude oil. The composition analysis using Gas Chromatogram - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) found that phthalic acid, 2-ethylhexyltridecyl ester (C29H48O4), contributed the highest percentage (71.6%) of the total hydrocarbon compounds to the extracted algae oil. The result of the study suggests that Botryococcus sp. can be used for effective phycoremediation, as well as to provide a sustainable hydrocarbon source as a value-added chemical for the bio-based plastic industry.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Paran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gani
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Norshuhaila Mohamed
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sunar
authors.affiliation: c Department of Technology and Heritage, Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matias-Peralta
authors.affiliation: a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Radin Maya Saphira Radin
authors.initials: RMSR
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.affiliation: a Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Ab Aziz Abdul
authors.initials: AAA
authors.lastname: Latiff
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology , Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia , Batu Pahat , Malaysia.
authors.forename: Umi Kalthsom
authors.initials: UK
authors.lastname: Parjo
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D005618:Fresh Water; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000378:metabolism*; D058086:Microalgae; D062065:Wastewater
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D062065:Wastewater
keywords: Botryococcus sp.; hydrocarbon; phycoremediation