title: Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil Extract Alleviates Insulin Resistance through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Cells and Rats.
abstract: Sea buckthorn fruit oil is rich in palmitoleic acid (POA), which has been reported to play roles in many metabolic processes. In this study, a sea buckthorn fruit oil (SBFO) extract was evaluated through in vitro experiments (the doses were 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM) and in vivo experiments (the doses were 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg·day) to explore its mechanism of action in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The results revealed that the SBFO extract effectively increased the glucose uptake from 12.23 ± 1.09 to 14.90 ± 1.48 mmol/L in insulin resistance (IR) HepG2 cells, lowered blood glucose (the reductions rates of blood glucose in groups treated with SBFO extract at 200 and 300 mg/kg·day were 10.47% and 13.79%, respectively) and improved insulin indices from -6.11 ± 0.10 to -5.45 ± 0.31 after 4 weeks treatment with SBFO extract at 300 mg/kg·day in T2DM SD rats. RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses suggested that the SBFO extract could promote the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and glycogen synthesis (GS) while inhibiting the expression of glycogen synthesis kinase-3β (GSK-3β). Thus, the SBFO extract played a positive role in alleviating T2DM through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, and diabetic rats and could be used for the future development of functional food and dietary supplements.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Chengguang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology , Tianjin 300457, China.|Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center , Tianjin, 300457, China.
authors.forename: Zesheng
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0173-9355
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D031281:Hippophae / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010938:Plant Oils; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
keywords: PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; POA; SBFO extract; T2DM; insulin resistance