title: Burden of illness of people with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia: A multinational cross-sectional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the impact of persistent symptoms of schizophrenia, especially with respect to patient-reported outcomes (PROs), carer burden and health economic impact.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Analyse data relating to burden and severity of illness, functional impairment and quality of life for patients with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of stable outpatients with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia across seven countries were assessed in a multicentre, non-interventional, cross-sectional survey and retrospective medical record review using PRO questionnaires, clinical rating scales and carer questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 1,421 patients and 687 carers were enrolled. Approximately two-thirds of patients had moderate/mild schizophrenia with more severe negative symptoms predominating. Patients showed impaired personal/social functioning and unsuitability for work correlated with various patient factors, most notably symptom-related assessments. Quality-of-life assessments showed 25% to ⩾30% of patients had problems with mobility, washing or dressing. Carer burden was also considerable, with carers having to devote an average of 20.5 hours per week and notable negative impact on quality-of-life measures. Healthcare resource utilisation for in-hospital, outpatient and other care provider visits was significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate the significant burden of schizophrenia for patients, carers and society and highlight the need for improved treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: 1 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Nordstroem
authors.affiliation: 1 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talbot
authors.affiliation: 1 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.affiliation: 2 Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Carmen Galani
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Berardo
authors.affiliation: 1 F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lalonde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D064232:Visual Analog Scale
keywords: Schizophrenia; burden of illness; functional impairment; persistent symptoms; quality of life