title: A tale of two glutaminases: homologous enzymes with distinct roles in tumorigenesis.
abstract: Many cancer cells exhibit an altered metabolic phenotype, in which glutamine consumption is upregulated relative to healthy cells. This metabolic reprogramming often depends upon mitochondrial glutaminase activity, which converts glutamine to glutamate, a key precursor for biosynthetic and bioenergetic processes. Two isozymes of glutaminase exist, a kidney-type (GLS) and a liver-type enzyme (GLS2 or LGA). While a majority of studies have focused on GLS, here we summarize key findings on both glutaminases, describing their structure and function, their roles in cancer and pharmacological approaches to inhibiting their activities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Katt
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lukey
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.|Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cerione
mesh_terms: D063646:Carcinogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005972:Glutaminase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005972:Glutaminase
keywords: 968; BPTES; CB-839; Warburg effect; cancer; glutaminase; inhibitor; metabolism