title: Protective effect of quinacrine against glycerol-induced acute kidney injury in rats.
abstract: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious clinical problem with high rate of mortality and morbidity. Currently used prophylactic and therapeutic strategies to address AKI are limited and warrant further studies. In the present study an attempt was made to investigate the effect of quinacrine, a phospholipase A2 inhibitor against glycerol induced AKI in rats.
  
  
  
  Adult female Wistar rats were divided in to five groups. After 24 h of water deprivation rats in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intraperitoneal injection of quinacrine (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg of body weight respectively). Thirty minutes after the first injection of quinacrine animals in groups 3, 4 and 5 received an intramuscular injection of 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight). The animals in group 2 received 25% glycerol (10 ml/kg of body weight) only whereas rats in group 1 served as control . The quinacrine administration was continued once daily for three days, on the fourth day animals were sacrificed, blood and kidney were collected for various biochemical and histopathological studies.
  
  
  
  Glycerol treatment produced significant renal structural abnormalities and functional impairment (increased urea and creatinine). Increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) clearly suggested the involvement of oxidative stress and neutrophilic activity following glycerol administration. Quinacrine dose dependently attenuated glycerol induced structural and functional changes in kidney.
  
  
  
  The reversal of glycerol induced AKI by quinacrine points towards a role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the pathogenesis of renal injury. The result of this study suggests that quinacrine may offer an alternative mode of treatment for AKI.
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. adbulrahman.alasmari@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Abdulrahman K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Al Asmari
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Khalid Tariq
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Al Sadoon
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Ali Ahmed
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Obaid
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Deivakadatcham
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yesunayagam
authors.affiliation: Scientific Research Centre, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tariq
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000633:toxicity*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011796:Quinacrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D064801:Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D009195:Peroxidase; D011796:Quinacrine; D005990:Glycerol
keywords: Acute kidney injury; Glycerol; Inflammation; Oxidative stress; Phospholipase A2; Quinacrine