title: Fatigue injury risk in anterior cruciate ligament of target side knee during golf swing.
abstract: A golf-related ACL injury can be linked with excessive golf play or practice because such over-use by repetitive golf swing motions can increase damage accumulation to the ACL bundles. In this study, joint angular rotations, forces, and moments, as well as the forces and strains on the ACL of the target-side knee joint, were investigated for ten professional golfers using the multi-body lower extremity model. The fatigue life of the ACL was also predicted by assuming the estimated ACL force as a cyclic load. The ACL force and strain reached their maximum values within a short time just after ball-impact in the follow-through phase. The smaller knee flexion, higher internal tibial rotation, increase of the joint compressive force and knee abduction moment in the follow-through phase were shown as to lead an increased ACL loading. The number of cycles to fatigue failure (fatigue life) in the ACL might be several thousands. It is suggested that the excessive training or practice of swing motion without enough rest may be one of factors to lead to damage or injury in the ACL by the fatigue failure. The present technology can provide fundamental information to understand and prevent the ACL injury for golf players.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Tserenchimed
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Purevsuren
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Science, Konkuk University, 27478, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Mathematics, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyungsoo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports Science, Konkuk University, 27478, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: ytlim@kku.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Young-Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 17104, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: yoonhkim@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Yoon Hyuk
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000502:physiology*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006055:Golf / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Anterior cruciate ligament; Biomechanics; Fatigue; Golf; Knee