title: A glasses-type wearable device for monitoring the patterns of food intake and facial activity.
abstract: Here we present a new method for automatic and objective monitoring of ingestive behaviors in comparison with other facial activities through load cells embedded in a pair of glasses, named GlasSense. Typically, activated by subtle contraction and relaxation of a temporalis muscle, there is a cyclic movement of the temporomandibular joint during mastication. However, such muscular signals are, in general, too weak to sense without amplification or an electromyographic analysis. To detect these oscillatory facial signals without any use of obtrusive device, we incorporated a load cell into each hinge which was used as a lever mechanism on both sides of the glasses. Thus, the signal measured at the load cells can detect the force amplified mechanically by the hinge. We demonstrated a proof-of-concept validation of the amplification by differentiating the force signals between the hinge and the temple. A pattern recognition was applied to extract statistical features and classify featured behavioral patterns, such as natural head movement, chewing, talking, and wink. The overall results showed that the average F1score of the classification was about 94.0% and the accuracy above 89%. We believe this approach will be helpful for designing a non-intrusive and un-obtrusive eyewear-based ingestive behavior monitoring system.
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungman
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jungmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Wonjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yongkyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Won Gu
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Envisible, Inc., Seoul 06127, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunwoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004435:Eating; D005133:Eye Movements; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D058998:Remote Sensing Technology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013060:Speech; D000076251:Wearable Electronic Devices