title: Escape from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis.
abstract: Immune interferon (IFN), also known as IFN-γ, promotes not only immunomodulation but also antimicrobial and anticancer activity. After IFN-γ binds to the complex of IFN-γ receptor (IFNGR) 1-IFNGR2 and subsequently activates its downstream signaling pathways, IFN-γ immediately causes transcriptional stimulation of a variety of genes that are principally involved in its biological activities. Regarding IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance, IFN-γ can directly suppress tumorigenesis and infection and/or can modulate the immunological status in both cancer cells and infected cells. Regarding the anticancer effects of IFN-γ, cancer cells develop strategies to escape from IFN-γ-dependent cancer immunosurveillance. Immune evasion, including the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, secretion of immunosuppressive factors, and suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, is speculated to be elicited by the oncogenic microenvironment. All of these events effectively downregulate IFN-γ-expressing cells and IFN-γ production. In addition to these extrinsic pathways, cancer cells may develop cellular tolerance that manifests as hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ stimulation. This review discusses the potential escape mechanisms from IFN-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. cflin2014@tmu.edu.tw.|Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. cflin2014@tmu.edu.tw.
authors.forename: Chiou-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Yilan, 265, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kang-Yun
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan.|Department of Radiation Oncology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, 433, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Szu-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Hao
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.|Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Yuan
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hsiao-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.affiliation: Translational Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chia-Ling
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yu-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Po-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Ting
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019139:Tumor Escape / Q000276:immunology*; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C573415:IFNG protein, human; D007371:Interferon-gamma
keywords: Cancer; Escape; Hyporesponsiveness; IFN-γ; Immunosurveillance