title: Effects of chronic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at low concentration on morphometrics, gene expression, and fecundity in zebrafish (Danio rerio).
abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent, toxic, anthropogenic chemical recalcitrant to biodegradation. Based on previous studies in lower and higher vertebrates, it was hypothesized that chronic, sub-lethal, embryonic exposure to PFOA in zebrafish (Danio rerio) would adversely impact fish development, survival, and fecundity. Zebrafish embryo/sac-fry were water exposed to 2.0 or 0nM PFOA from 3 to 120hpf, and juvenile to adult cohorts were fed spiked food (8 pM) until 6 months. After chronic exposure, PFOA exposed fish were significantly smaller in total weight and length. Gene expression analysis found a significant decrease of transporters slco2b1, slco4a1, slco3a1 and tgfb1a, and a significant increase of slco1d1 expression. PFOA exposed fish produced significantly fewer eggs with reduced viability and developmental stage delay in F1. Chronic, low-dose exposure of zebrafish to PFOA significantly altered normal development, survival and fecundity and would likely impact wild fish population fitness in watersheds chronically exposed to PFOA.
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. Electronic address: carrie.greenfield@rutgers.edu.
authors.forename: Carrie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jantzen
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Toor
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Kate A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Annunziato
authors.affiliation: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid
keywords: PFOA; Zebrafish development; Zebrafish fecundity; Zebrafish reproduction