title: [Trial sequential analysis : Sample size calculation for reliable meta-analyses].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analyses have a great impact on medical decision-making. Random errors are, however, often the reason for misinterpretation of interventional effects in meta-analyses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to introduce authors and readers of meta-analyses to the problem of random errors. The article presents trial sequential analysis (TSA) as a suitable and user-friendly method that adjusts for the risk of random errors in meta-analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The practical application of TSA is illustrated and exemplified using regional anesthesiology procedures versus conventional pain therapy with respect to the prevention of persistent postoperative pain after breast cancer surgery or thoracotomy. The results were compared with those from conventional meta-analytical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional meta-analytical methods showed a significant advantage for patients after breast cancer surgery as well as after thoracotomy for regional anesthesia procedures with respect to the reduction of persistent postoperative pain. By means of TSA it could be concluded for thoracotomy that the evidence of this meta-analysis was sufficient. In contrast, the TSA for breast cancer surgery showed that based on the current data set and on the basis of relevant assumptions, it is potentially a false indication of an effect. There is currently no evidence that regional anesthesia leads to a significant reduction of persistent postoperative pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TSA is a suitable tool to minimize the risk of random errors and for a more reliable assessment of the evidence for the results of a meta-analysis.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland. Weibel_S@ukw.de.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weibel
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland. Kranke_P@ukw.de.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kranke
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D018401:Sample Size
keywords: Data interpretation, statistical; Error sources; Evidence-based medicine; Research design; Sample size