title: Mucosal Vaccine Development Based on Liposome Technology.
abstract: Immune protection against infectious diseases is most effective if located at the portal of entry of the pathogen. Hence, there is an increasing demand for vaccine formulations that can induce strong protective immunity following oral, respiratory, or genital tract administration. At present, only few mucosal vaccines are found on the market, but recent technological advancements and a better understanding of the principles that govern priming of mucosal immune responses have contributed to a more optimistic view on the future of mucosal vaccines. Compared to live attenuated vaccines, subcomponent vaccines, most often protein-based, are considered safer, more stable, and less complicated to manufacture, but they require the addition of nontoxic and clinically safe adjuvants to be effective. In addition, another limiting factor is the large antigen dose that usually is required for mucosal vaccines. Therefore, the combination of mucosal adjuvants with the recent progress in nanoparticle technology provides an attractive solution to these problems. In particular, the liposome technology is ideal for combining protein antigen and adjuvant into an effective mucosal vaccine. Here, we describe and discuss recent progress in nanoparticle formulations using various types of liposomes that convey strong promise for the successful development of the next generation of mucosal vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8357-6838
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Norling
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bally
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Höök
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Immunobiology and Vaccine Center (MIVAC), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nils Y
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1155-4861
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lycke
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D008081:Liposomes; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology; D053758:Nanoparticles; D014611:Vaccination; D014612:Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008081:Liposomes; D014612:Vaccines