title: Biological therapeutics of Pongamia pinnata coated zinc oxide nanoparticles against clinically important pathogenic bacteria, fungi and MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
abstract: The overuse of antimicrobics and drugs has led to the development of resistance in a number of pathogens and parasites, which leads to great concerns for human health and the environment. Furthermore, breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women. MCF-7 is a widely used epithelial cancer cell line, derived from breast adenocarcinoma for in vitro breast cancer studies, since the cell line has retained several ideal characteristics particular to the mammary epithelium. In this scenario, the development of novel and eco-friendly drugs are of timely importance. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is cost effective, environmental friendly and does not involve the use of toxic chemicals or elevate energy inputs. This research focused on the anticancer activity of Pongamia pinnata seed extract-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Pp-ZnO NPs) on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells, antibiofilm activity against bacteria and fungi was also investigated. Nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Pp-ZnO NPs effectively inhibited the growth of Gram positive Bacillus licheniformis (zone of inhibition: 17.3 mm) at 25 μg ml-1followed by Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.2 mm) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (12.2 mm). Pp-ZnO NPs also effectively inhibited the biofilm formation of C. albicans at 50 μg ml-1. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that a single treatment with Pp-ZnO NPs significantly reduced the cell viability of breast cancer MCF-7 cells at doses higher than 50 μg ml-1. Morphological changes in the Pp-ZnO NPs treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells were observed using phase contrast microscopy. This study concludes that the green synthesized Pp-ZnO NPs may be used as an effective antimicrobial and antibreast cancer agents.
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Balasubramanian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malaikozhundan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: vaseeharanb@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Baskaralingam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vaseeharan
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sekar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.affiliation: Nanobiosciences and Nanopharmacology Division, Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Karuppiah
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pandiselvi
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, India; Department of Zoology, Dr. Zakir Husain College, Ilayangudi 630 702, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Mohamed Ali Rajamohamed
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kalanjiam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Kadarkarai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murugan
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benelli
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D033641:Millettia / Q000737:chemistry; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D010936:Plant Extracts; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Antibreast cancer; Bacillus licheniformis; Candida albicans; Pongamia pinnata; ZnO nanoparticle