title: Prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China: A systematic review.
abstract: The data on the prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China are still lacking. We performed the present meta-analysis to assess the stone prevalence in mainland China from 1990 through 2016. A total of 18 articles were included. The pooled overall prevalence was 7.54% (95% CI, 5.94-9.15). The prevalence in age groups of <20 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, and 60 years and older was 0.27%, 3.15%, 5.96%, 8.18%, 9.14%, and 9.68%, respectively, showing that it increased with age. Moreover, the prevalence was 10.34% in males and 6.62% in females, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% CI: 1.51-1.76], indicating that males are more likely to suffer from this disease than females. However, urban areas (6.03%, 95% CI: 3.39-8.68) and rural areas (7.48%, 95% CI: 3.39-11.57) did not differ in the stone prevalence rate (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.42-1.68). The prevalence in the year groups of 1991-2000, 2001-2010, and 2011 to date was 5.95%, 8.86%, and 10.63%, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend. Further high-quality surveys throughout mainland China are needed to confirm these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Wenying
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of High Prevalence Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Jingyuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of High Prevalence Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Guifeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Control of High Prevalence Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D017594:Publication Bias; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D055815:Young Adult