title: Rice Stripe Virus Infection Alters mRNA Levels of Sphingolipid-Metabolizing Enzymes and Sphingolipids Content in Laodelphax striatellus.
abstract: Sphingolipids and their metabolites have been implicated in viral infection and replication in mammal cells but how their metabolizing enzymes in the host are regulated by viruses remains largely unknown. Here we report the identification of 12 sphingolipid genes and their regulation by Rice stripe virus in the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén), a serious pest of rice throughout eastern Asia. According to protein sequence similarity, we identified 12 sphingolipid enzyme genes in L. striatellus. By comparing their mRNA levels in viruliferous versus nonviruliferous L. striatellus at different life stages by qPCR, we found that RSV infection upregulated six genes (LsCGT1, LsNAGA1, LsSGPP, LsSMPD4, LsSMS, and LsSPT) in most stages of L. striatellus Especially, four genes (LsCGT1, LsSMPD2, LsNAGA1, and LsSMS) and another three genes (LsNAGA1, LsSGPP, and LsSMS) were significantly upregulated in viruliferous third-instar and fourth-instar nymphs, respectively. HPLC-MS/MS results showed that RSV infection increased the levels of various ceramides, such as Cer18:0, Cer20:0, and Cer22:0 species, in third and fourth instar L. striatellus nymphs. Together, these results demonstrate that RSV infection alters the transcript levels of various sphingolipid enzymes and the contents of sphingolipids in L. striatellus, indicating that sphingolipids may be important for RSV infection or replication in L. striatellus.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China zrzhu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Wen-Juan
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Fei-Qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Yue-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Xiao
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Mu-Fei
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
authors.forename: Min-Jing
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Cun-Gui
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China zrzhu@zju.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zeng-Rong
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009758:Nymph / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013107:Sphingolipids / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D029364:Tenuivirus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013107:Sphingolipids
keywords: HPLC-MS/MS; ceramide; rice stripe virus; serine palmitoyltransferase; sphingomyelin synthase