title: Demographic and occupational effects on the activity levels of normal subjects in the United Kingdom.
abstract: A study of activity levels, measured in steps per day, was made of 293 subjects from several parts of the United Kingdom. Each subject wore a pedometer adjacent to the hip for two weeks. The average number of steps taken each day over a two-week period was recorded together with additional details such as age and occupation. A general decline in activity with age was observed, which varied slightly for men and women. At twenty years of age the sample of men typically walked about 9,000 steps per day and women 9,200 steps per day, declining to 6,100 and 5,750 steps per day for men and women respectively at sixty years of age. Activity was observed to vary considerably from day to day and was more pronounced for men. The mean number of steps per day for a wide range of occupational groups varied from around 4,500 steps per day for retired persons to 12,700 steps per day for postmen. The activity data was re-analysed to remove the influence of age and gender. The activity of most occupational groups then fell within a relatively narrow range of approximately 7,700 to 8,850 steps per day. The exceptions to this were postmen, nurses and technicians, with averages of 12,750, 9,950 and 9,900 steps per day respectively, and software programmers averaging only 5,250 steps per day. Activity levels for groups of subjects from different parts of the United Kingdom were compared, including Leeds and Bradford, Belfast, Teesside, County Durham and Edinburgh. When the number of subjects in each group was sufficiently large with a wide spread of ages and occupational types, it was found that demography had little effect upon the level of activity. This study provides a substantial new database, based on the UK population. In addition, the assumption that one million cycles in vitro is equivalent to one year in vivo is well supported and relevant to simulator studies. (Hip International 2002; 1: 28-36).
authors.affiliation: School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds - UK.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: MCNie
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Duddy
authors.forename: A A J
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Orr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dowson