title: What Do We Know about Opioids and the Kidney?
abstract: Evidence suggests a link between opioid use and kidney disease. This review summarizes the known renal manifestations of opioid use including its role in acute and chronic kidney injury. Both the direct and indirect effects of the drug, and the context which leads to the development of renal failure, are explored. While commonly used safely for pain control and anesthesia in those with kidney disease, the concerns with respect to side effects and toxicity of opioids are addressed. This is especially relevant with the worldwide increase in the use of opioids for medical and recreational use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA. marynephrology@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallappallil
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA. sabujacob111@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sabu
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA. elifriedmn@aol.com.
authors.forename: Eli A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York at Downstate, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11203, USA. moro.salifu@downstate.edu.
authors.forename: Moro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salifu
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid
keywords: opioids; pharmacokinetics; renal failure