title: Not only for melanoma. Subcutaneous pseudoprogression in lung squamous-cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab: A case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pseudoprogression, that is, initial tumor growth followed by subsequent tumor regression, has been well described for immunomodulation therapy in melanoma patients. This phenomenon is not well defined in lung cancer. Nivolumab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, was recently approved for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) as a second-line therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a patient with squamous NSCLC, suffering from multiple bone and subcutaneous metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was treated with nivolumab.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A subcutaneous lesion in her upper back grew substantially after the first cycle of nivolumab, and later regressed, with marked improvement in all cancer sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Such pseudoprogression may serve to predict subsequent clinical response.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarfaty
authors.forename: Assaf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dudnik
authors.forename: Nir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peled
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000077594:Nivolumab; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077594:Nivolumab