title: Calibrated prevalence of disabling chronic pain according to different approaches: a face-to-face cross-sectional population-based study in Southern Spain.
abstract: To calculate the prevalence of disabling chronic pain (DCP) and to offer a more representative and accurate estimation by applying different calibration techniques.
  
  
  
  2011 Andalusian Health Survey, a cross-sectional population survey based on face-to-face home interviews.
  
  
  
  6507 people aged 16 years or older and living in Andalusia, Spain.
  
  
  
  Design weights, linear calibration based on marginals and on crossings, and model-assisted calibration were used to estimate the prevalence and variance of DCP, for the whole sample and for the domains of sex and age groups (16-44; 45-64; +65).
  
  
  
  Calibration variables were sex, age groups and educational level. In the whole sample, DCP prevalence calibration reduced by more than 5.2% and 8.2% the estimated prevalences and variances, respectively, obtained with the design weights. Regarding the domains, prevalence reductions are from 33% to 1%, and variance reductions are from 0.2% to 1%. Model-assisted calibration is the best technique to estimate DCP prevalence for the whole population and crossing calibration for their domains, although with almost no differences compared to marginal calibration.
  
  
  
  The validity and accuracy of estimations of DCP prevalence are improved by calibration adjustments. Model-assisted calibrated prevalence of DCP is 10.78% for the whole population, being at least 2-fold higher in women in all age groups. The results and methodology developed could be useful in clinical and population-based studies on chronic pain and disability.
authors.affiliation: Andalusian School of Public Health, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.|Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Public Health and Epidemiology (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.|Department of Statistics and O.R, Math Institute (IEMath-GR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera-León
authors.affiliation: Department of Statistics and O.R, Math Institute (IEMath-GR), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.affiliation: Psychologist and Clinical Physiotherapist, Psychology and Health Mensana, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantero-Braojos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002138:Calibration; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004522:Educational Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Chronic pain; cross-sectional studies; disability; indirect estimation techniques