title: The value of homemade phantoms for training veterinary students in the ultrasonographic detection of radiolucent foreign bodies.
abstract: Ingested or penetrating foreign bodies are common in veterinary medicine. When they are radiolucent, these objects become a diagnostic challenge, but they can be investigated sonographically. However, successful object identification depends on the skill of the sonographer. Considering that these cases appear randomly during hospital routines, it is not always possible to train all students to identify them correctly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce homemade simulations of radiolucent foreign bodies for veterinary student demonstrations that could be identified sonographically and to evaluate the acceptability, applicability, and usefulness of these simulations according to a visual analog scale questionnaire and subjective questions. For this purpose, object models (a pacifier nipple, a toy ball, a sock, nylon thread, and a mango seed) were designed, produced, and immersed in gelatin. To simulate wood splinters in the integumentary and musculoskeletal system, a piece of meat punctured with a toothpick and ice cream stick splinters were used. The type of phantom had a determinant effect on the visualization (chi-square = 36.528, P < 0.0001) and recognition (chi-square = 18.756, P = 0.0021) capability of the students. All of the students answered that their experience with the models could help in real situations. The student responses to the questionnaire indicated that the project was well accepted, and the participants believed that this experience could be applicable to and useful in veterinary routines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mariano Beraldo
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; and.
authors.forename: Érika
authors.initials: É
authors.lastname: Rondon Lopes
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Vale do Paraíba and Universidade Paulista, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Raduan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hage
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil; and crishage@usp.br.
authors.forename: Maria Cristina F N S
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012582:Schools, Veterinary; D013336:Students, Health Occupations; D013552:Swine; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes
keywords: active methodologies; education; homemade models; ultrasound