title: Towards a building typology and terminology for Irish hospitals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The physical form of the hospital environment shapes the care setting and influences the relationship of the hospital to the community. Due to ongoing demographic change, evolving public health needs, and advancing medical practice, typical hospitals are frequently redeveloped, retrofitted, or expanded. It is argued that multi-disciplinary and multi-stakeholder approaches are required to ensure that hospital design matches these increasingly complex needs. To facilitate such a conversation across different disciplines, experts, and community stakeholders, it is helpful to establish a hospital typology and associated terminology as part of any collaborative process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Examine the literature around hospital design, and review the layout and overall form of a range of typical Irish acute public hospitals, to outline an associated building typology, and to establish the terminology associated with the planning and design of these hospitals in Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches in 'Academic Search Complete', 'Compendex', 'Google', 'Google Scholar', 'JSTOR', 'PADDI', 'Science Direct', 'Scopus', 'Web of Science', and Trinity College Dublin Library. The search terms included: 'hospital design history'; 'hospital typology'; 'hospital design terminology'; and 'hospital design Ireland'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Typical hospitals are composed of different layouts due to development over time; however, various discrete building typologies can still be determined within many hospitals. This paper presents a typology illustrating distinct layout, circulation, and physical form characteristics, along with a hospital planning and design terminology of key terms and definitions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This typology and terminology define the main components of Irish hospital building design to create a shared understanding around design, and support stakeholder engagement, as part of any collaborative design process.
authors.affiliation: TrinityHaus Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. tom.grey@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.affiliation: The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.affiliation: Health Services Executive, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Freine
authors.affiliation: O'Connell Mahon Architects, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahon
authors.affiliation: O'Connell Mahon Architects, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mannion
authors.affiliation: The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland; D009626:Terminology as Topic
keywords: Acute-care hospitals; Collaborative design; Dementia-friendly hospital design; Hospital architecture; Hospital planning; Stakeholder engagement; Universal design