title: Microbial recognition and danger signals in sepsis and trauma.
abstract: Early host recognition of microbial invasion or damaged host tissues provides an effective warning system by which protective immune and inflammatory processes are initiated. Host tissues responsible for continuous sampling of their local environment employ cell surface and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that provide redundant and overlapping identification of both microbial and host alarmins. Microbial products containing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), as well as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) serve as principle ligands for recognition by these PRRs. It is this interaction which plays both an essential survival role in response to infection and injury, as well as the pathologic role in tissue and organ injury associated with severe sepsis and trauma. Elucidating the interaction between ligands and their respective PRRs can provide both a better understanding of the host response, as well as a rational basis for therapeutic intervention. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Immune and Metabolic Alterations in Trauma and Sepsis edited by Dr. Raghavan Raju.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Mira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stortz
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Tyler J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Loftus
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Alicia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Lyle L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Moldawer
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States. Electronic address: Philip.Efron@Surgery.ufl.edu.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Efron
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018805:Sepsis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition
keywords: DAMP; Infection; Inflammation; PAMP; Sepsis; Trauma