title: Hydrodynamic analysis of human swimming based on VOF method.
abstract: A 3-D numerical model, based on the Navier-Strokes equations and the RNG k-ε turbulence closure, for studying hydrodynamic drag on a swimmer with wave-making resistance taken into account is established. The volume of fluid method is employed to capture the undulation of the free surface. The simulation strategy is evaluated by comparison of the computed results with experimental data. The computed results are in good agreement with data from mannequin towing experiments. The effects of the swimmer's head position and gliding depth on the drag force at different velocities are then investigated. It is found that keeping the head aligned with the body is the optimal posture in streamlined gliding. Also wave-making resistance is significant within 0.3 m depth from the free surface.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Jie-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Tian-Zeng
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xue-Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong , P.R. China.
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017276:Friction; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D057446:Hydrodynamics; D008348:Manikins; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011312:Pressure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: Swimming; VOF method; biomechanics; computational fluid dynamics; drag force