title: Benzoin Radicals as Reducing Agent for Synthesizing Ultrathin Copper Nanowires.
abstract: In this work, we report a new, general synthetic approach that uses heat driven benzoin radicals to grow ultrathin copper nanowires with tunable diameters. This is the first time carbon organic radicals have been used as a reducing agent in metal nanowire synthesis. In-situ temperature dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies show that the active reducing agent is the free radicals produced by benzoins under elevated temperature. Furthermore, the reducing power of benzoin can be readily tuned by symmetrically decorating functional groups on the two benzene rings. When the aromatic rings are modified with electron donating (withdrawing) groups, the reducing power is promoted (suppressed). The controllable reactivity gives the carbon organic radical great potential as a versatile reducing agent that can be generalized in other metallic nanowire syntheses.
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Fan
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-3394-8095
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Letian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Zhiqiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: Yuchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dehestani
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schierle-Arndt
authors.affiliation: California Research Alliance (CARA), BASF Corporation, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.|Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
authors.forename: Peidong
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4799-1684
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang