title: Clinical Features Indicating Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) may have nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. We studied the clinical features that may indicate nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one DIP patients were classified into normal and abnormal [18F] FP-CIT scan groups. Differences in 32 clinical features and drug withdrawal effects were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients had normal (Group I) and 13 patients had abnormal (Group II) scans. Eight patients of Group I, but none of Group II, had taken calcium channel blockers (p= 0.040). Three patients of Group I and six of Group II had hyposmia (p= 0.018). After drug withdrawal, Group I showed greater improvement in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale total motor scores and subscores for bradykinesia and tremors than Group II. Only hyposmia was an independent factor associated with abnormal scans, but it had suboptimal sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the clinical features were practical indicators of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Han Kyeol
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Young Gun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Hyoung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Sung Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
keywords: Drug-induced parkinsonism; dopamine transporter; hyposmia; positron-emission tomography