title: Effectiveness and Persistence of Liraglutide Treatment Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated in Primary Care and Specialist Settings: A Subgroup Analysis from the EVIDENCE Study, a Prospective, 2-Year Follow-up, Observational, Post-Marketing Study.
abstract: The objective of this subgroup analysis is to investigate the effectiveness of liraglutide in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated within the primary care physician (PCP) and specialist care settings.
  
  
  
  EVIDENCE is a prospective, observational study of 3152 adults with T2D recently starting or about to start liraglutide treatment in France. We followed patients in the PCP and specialist settings for 2 years to evaluate the effectiveness of liraglutide in glycemic control and body weight reduction. Furthermore, we evaluated the changes in combined antihyperglycemic treatments, the reasons for prescribing liraglutide, patient satisfaction, and safety of liraglutide in these two treatment settings.
  
  
  
  After 2 years of follow-up, 477 out of 1209 (39.0%) of PCP and 297 out of 1398 (21.2%) of specialist-treated patients still used liraglutide and maintained the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) target of <7.0%. Significant reductions from baseline were observed in both PCP- and specialist-treated cohorts in mean HbA1c(-1.22% and -0.8%, respectively), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration (-39 and -23 mg/dL), body weight (-4.4 and -3.8 kg), and body mass index (BMI) (-1.5 and -1.4 kg/m2), all p < 0.0001. Reductions in HbA1cand FPG were significantly greater among PCP- compared with specialist-treated patients, p < 0.0001 for both. Patient treatment satisfaction was also significantly increased in both cohorts. Reported gastrointestinal adverse events were less frequent among PCP-treated patients compared with specialist-treated patients (4.5% vs. 16.1%).
  
  
  
  Despite differences in demography and clinical characteristics of patients treated for T2D in PCP and specialty care, greater reduction in HbA1cand increased glycemic control durability were observed with liraglutide in primary care, compared with specialist care. These data suggest that liraglutide treatment could benefit patients in primary care by delaying the need for further treatment intensification.
  
  
  
  ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01226966.
  
  
  
  Novo Nordisk A/S.
authors.affiliation: Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.|Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penfornis
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gautier
authors.affiliation: INSERM, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eschwège
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France.
authors.forename: Guillaume
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Amira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouzidi
authors.affiliation: Service de Diabétologie, maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France. pierre.gourdy@inserm.fr.
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourdy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000069450:Liraglutide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D055118:Medication Adherence; D054539:Medication Therapy Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008511:Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000069450:Liraglutide
keywords: GLP-1 receptor agonist; Liraglutide; Observational study; Primary care; Type 2 diabetes; Weight management