title: The comparison of temperament and character between patients with internet gaming disorder and those with alcohol dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The differences in prevalence, natural history, and disease progression between Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and substance use disorder contribute to the controversy over IGD as a diagnosis under substance-related and addictive disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the current study was to assess the temperament and character of subjects with IGD in comparison with those with alcohol dependence (AD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Temperament and character were assessed using Cloningernt temperament and character inventory (TCI). The severity of IGD or AD, depressed mood, anxiety, attention and impulsiveness were assessed using each of the six scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among patients with AD, after controlling for other variables, the severity of AD was positively correlated with harm avoidance (HA) score and depressed mood. Among patients with IGD, after controlling for other variables, the severity of IGD was positively correlated with novelty seeking (NS) score, impulsiveness and attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were significant differences in temperament and character between the IGD and AD groups as measured using the TCI. These results suggest that IGD and AD need to be categorized separately in a diagnostic classification system and benefit from different treatment approaches.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Young Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Sun Mi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Baik Seok
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kee
authors.affiliation: a Department of Psychiatry , Chung-Ang University Hospital , Seoul , Korea.
authors.forename: Doug Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment; D013694:Temperament; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Internet gaming disorder; alcohol dependence; harm avoidance; novelty seeking; temperament and character inventory