title: Development of acute myeloid leukemia in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
abstract: The development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is rare. We experienced a 65-year-old man who developed AML with aberrant CD7 expression and monoallelic CEBPA mutation during watchful waiting for CLL. He failed to achieve complete response (CR) by standard induction therapy for AML. We retrospectively reviewed 27 patients who developed AML with untreated CLL published between 1973 and 2016. The median age at diagnosis of AML was 68 years, and the median duration between the diagnoses of AML and CLL was 4.2 years. Diagnosis of AML and CLL was made simultaneously in 16 patients. The CR rate of AML was 42.9%, and the median survival was only 1.5 months after the diagnosis of AML. Patients who achieved CR tended to survive longer than those who did not. Our results demonstrated that the development of AML in patients with untreated CLL was associated with a poor response to chemotherapy and an extremely poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Shoko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin-Ichiro
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mashima
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kento
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umino
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashizawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okazuka
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Iekuni
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmine
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Muroi
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan. ycanda-tky@umin.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D015994:Incidence; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012074:Remission Induction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
keywords: Acute myeloid leukemia; Chemotherapy; Chronic lymphocytic leukemia; Secondary leukemia