title: Mitochondrial D-loop analysis for uncovering the population structure and genetic diversity among the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos) populations of India.
abstract: The indigenous domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) which is domesticated from Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) contributes significantly to poor farming community in coastal and North Eastern regions of India. For conservation and maintenance of indigenous duck populations it is very important to know the existing genetic diversity and population structure. To unravel the population structure and genetic diversity among the five indigenous duck populations of India, the mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 120 ducks were analyzed. The sequence analysis by comparison of mtDNA D-loop region (470 bp) of five Indian duck populations revealed 25 mitochondrial haplotypes. Pairwise FSTvalue among populations was 0.4243 (p < .01) and the range of nucleotide substitution per site (Dxy) between the five Indian duck populations was 0.00034-0.00555, and the net divergence (Da) was 0-0.00355. The phylogenetic analysis in the present study unveiled three clades. The analysis revealed genetic continuity among ducks of coastal region of the country which formed a separate group from the ducks of the inland area. Both coastal as well as the land birds revealed introgression of the out group breed Khaki Campbell, which is used for breed improvement programs in India. The observations revealed very less selection and a single matrilineal lineage of indigenous domestic ducks.
authors.affiliation: a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.|b Department of Bio & Nano Technology , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Hisar , India.
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gaur
authors.affiliation: a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.
authors.forename: Madhu Sudan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tantia
authors.affiliation: c Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , India.
authors.forename: Bina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.affiliation: d Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications , International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria.
authors.forename: Settypalli Tirumala
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Bharani Kumar
authors.affiliation: a National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources , Karnal , India.
authors.forename: Ramesh Kumar
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vijh
authors.affiliation: b Department of Bio & Nano Technology , Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology , Hisar , India.
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D004372:Ducks / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006239:Haplotypes; D007194:India; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial
keywords: Duck; conservation; genetic diversity; mitochondrial D-loop; population genetics