title: Bullying involvement in relation to personality disorders: a prospective follow-up of 508 inpatient adolescents.
abstract: We examined the association of bullying behavior in adolescence to personality disorder (PD) diagnosed in early adulthood. The study sample consisted of 508 adolescents (300 girls, 208 boys) who were admitted to psychiatric inpatient treatment between April 2001 and March 2006. Data were based on semi-structured K-SADSPL-interviews and hospital treatments extracted from the Care Register for Health Care (CRHC). At the end of 2013, details of psychiatric diagnoses recorded on hospital discharges and outpatient visits were extracted from the CRHC. This study showed that female victims of bullying have an almost fourfold likelihood of developing a PD later in life compared to adolescents with no involvement in bullying behavior. Most of the females had Borderline PD. Female adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorder during adolescence had an over threefold risk of developing a PD during late adolescence or early adulthood. Conversely, we found no associations between bullying involvement among men in adolescence and subsequent PDs. Bullying victimization may influence the development of PDs among females. Adolescent services should pay particular attention to female victims of bullying and those displaying symptoms of anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Henna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Antila
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arola
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hakko
authors.affiliation: Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riala
authors.affiliation: Research Unit of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riipinen
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 26, 90029, Oulu, Finland. liisa.kantojarvi@oulu.fi.
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kantojärvi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D058445:Bullying / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D011446:Prospective Studies
keywords: Adolescent; Anxiety; Bully; Personality disorder; Victim