title: Role of Insulin-Stimulated Adipose Tissue Perfusion in the Development of Whole-Body Insulin Resistance.
abstract: After food ingestion, macronutrients are transported to and stored in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. They can be subsequently used as an energy source in times of energy deprivation. Uptake of these nutrients in myocytes and adipocytes depends largely on adequate tissue perfusion. Interestingly, insulin is able to dilate skeletal muscle arterioles, which facilitates the delivery of macronutrients and insulin itself to muscle tissue. Insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle perfusion is impaired in several insulin-resistant states and is believed to contribute to impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake and consequently impaired whole-body glucose disposal. Insulin-resistant individuals also exhibit blunted postprandial adipose tissue perfusion. However, the relevance of this impairment to metabolic dysregulation is less clear. In this review, we provide an overview of adipose tissue perfusion in healthy and insulin-resistant individuals, its regulation among others by insulin, and the possible influences of impaired adipose tissue perfusion on whole-body insulin sensitivity. Finally, we propose a novel hypothesis that acute overfeeding impacts distribution of macronutrients by reducing skeletal muscle perfusion, while adipose tissue perfusion remains intact.
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authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam. a.emanuel@vumc.nl.
authors.forename: Anna L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Emanuel
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Rick I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Marcel H A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Muskiet
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Daniël H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: van Raalte
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Etto C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Eringa
authors.affiliation: From the Departments of Internal Medicine (A.L.E., R.I.M., M.H.A.M., D.H.v.R., E.H.S.) and Physiology (E.C.E.), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam.
authors.forename: Erik H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Serné
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008833:Microcirculation; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin
keywords: adipose tissue; insulin action; insulin resistance; microcirculation; perfusion defect