title: The flehmen response and pseudosuckling in a captive, juvenile Southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis).
abstract: A juvenile, female sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) was observed in 43 instances of the flehmen response over 19 days from May through July of 2015 at the Oregon Zoo. In all flehmen grimace observations, the juvenile sea otter engaged in nibbling, nosing, or licking the peri-mammary or anogenital areas of a non-lactating, geriatric female sea otter. The flehmen behavior observed was consisted with the sequences of behavior documented in other mammals, lifting the head, elevating the nose to the air, retracting the upper lip slightly, and manipulating her mystacial vibrissae back and forth while rapidly inspiring air through her mouth in quick succession, tongue extruded. The occurrence of this behavior was not specific to visitor density, visitor impact rating, day of the month, time of day, or exhibit zone. However, it did occur more frequently in one area of the enclosure. Among the three sea otters (two females, one male) currently housed at the Oregon Zoo, the juvenile female's flehmen response only occurred following interactions with the older female and was always preceded by the pseudosuckling or anogenital nosing, licking or nibbling behavior. Zoo Biol. 36:30-39, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon.
authors.forename: Heide D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Island
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wengeler
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Pacific University, Forest Grove, Oregon.
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Claussenius-Kalman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D010041:Otters / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: flehmen; olfaction; pheromone; sea otter; stereotypy