title: Plant Actin-Depolymerizing Factors Possess Opposing Biochemical Properties Arising from Key Amino Acid Changes throughout Evolution.
abstract: Functional divergence in paralogs is an important genetic source of evolutionary innovation. Actin-depolymerizing factors (ADFs) are among the most important actin binding proteins and are involved in generating and remodeling actin cytoskeletal architecture via their conserved F-actin severing or depolymerizing activity. In plants, ADFs coevolved with actin, but their biochemical properties are diverse. Unfortunately, the biochemical function of most plant ADFs and the potential mechanisms of their functional divergence remain unclear. Here, in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrated that all 11 ADF genes inArabidopsis thalianaexhibit opposing biochemical properties. Subclass III ADFs evolved F-actin bundling (B-type) function from conserved F-actin depolymerizing (D-type) function, and subclass I ADFs have enhanced D-type function. By tracking historical mutation sites on ancestral proteins, several fundamental amino acid residues affecting the biochemical functions of these proteins were identified in Arabidopsis and various plants, suggesting that the biochemical divergence of ADFs has been conserved during the evolution of angiosperm plants. Importantly, N-terminal extensions on subclass III ADFs that arose from intron-sliding events are indispensable for the alteration of D-type to B-type function. We conclude that the evolution of these N-terminal extensions and several conserved mutations produced the diverse biochemical functions of plant ADFs from a putative ancestor.
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Nan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6213-9791
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yongxing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Shaofei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Zhimin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Jianchao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
authors.forename: Lizhe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: An
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China wandsh@lzu.edu.cn xiangy@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Dongshi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China wandsh@lzu.edu.cn xiangy@lzu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-5178-0700
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiang
mesh_terms: D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors; D000199:Actins; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins