title: Investigation of spiral-wound membrane modules for the cross-flow nanofiltration of fermentation broth obtained from a pilot plant fermentation reactor for the continuous production of lactic acid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The separation performance of seven polymer membranes for the nanofiltration of sodium lactate in fermentation broth was investigated. Each module was introduced into the test stand, and the system curve was obtained by recording the permeate flow velocity at different pump head levels. Performance benchmarks were good permeate quality, as determined by high permeate flow velocity, high sodium lactic concentration, low ion impurity concentration, and low organic impurity concentration. Market research has shown that three companies, DOW (TW30, SW30, NF45), General Electric (DK73, DL73), and Microdyn-Nadir (NP30), distributed spiral-wound membrane modules for cross-flow filtration in a 2.5 by 40-in. module size, suitable for operation in the filtration test stand.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measured permeate flow velocity was found to vary widely between the membranes. At a pump head of 250 m, DK73, NP30, and DL73 generated more than 200, 300, and 400% higher permeate flow velocities, respectively, than TW30 and NF45. A key benchmark, lactate rejection, was also highly dependent upon membrane type. The NP30, NF45, and TW30 membranes showed a decrease in lactate permeate flow velocity of 117, 83, and 348% starting at 205, 250, and 300 m, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DL73 had the overall best performance according to the measured fermentation broth and lactic acid permeability. The presented method for the graphical analysis of the membrane performance proofed to be a useful tool for the filtration engineer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg Germany.
authors.forename: Hendrik
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2157-3564
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laube
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg Germany.
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V., Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Venus
keywords: Cross-flow; Nanofiltration; Pilot plant; Sodium lactate; Spiral-wound modules