title: Overlearning hyperstabilizes a skill by rapidly making neurochemical processing inhibitory-dominant.
abstract: Overlearning refers to the continued training of a skill after performance improvement has plateaued. Whether overlearning is beneficial is a question in our daily lives that has never been clearly answered. Here we report a new important role: overlearning in humans abruptly changes neurochemical processing, to hyperstabilize and protect trained perceptual learning from subsequent new learning. Usually, learning immediately after training is so unstable that it can be disrupted by subsequent new learning until after passive stabilization occurs hours later. However, overlearning so rapidly and strongly stabilizes the learning state that it not only becomes resilient against, but also disrupts, subsequent new learning. Such hyperstabilization is associated with an abrupt shift from glutamate-dominant excitatory to GABA-dominant inhibitory processing in early visual areas. Hyperstabilization contrasts with passive and slower stabilization, which is associated with a mere reduction of excitatory dominance to baseline levels. Using hyperstabilization may lead to efficient learning paradigms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.|Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Ji Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Maro G
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-1421
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Machizawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Li-Hung
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4245-0152
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, &Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D010056:Overlearning; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid