title: Interplay between HIV-1 innate sensing and restriction in mucosal dendritic cells: balancing defense and viral transmission.
abstract: Innate sensing of HIV-1 by dendritic cells (DCs) initiates cell-intrinsic signalling programs that direct virus restriction and antiviral defenses. These responses include the production of type I interferon (IFN) and a large number of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) with a broad spectrum of antiviral effector functions. Initial interactions of HIV-1 at the mucosal surfaces with DC-expressed innate immune factors including cGAS, TRIM5α and SAMHD1 are predictive of viraemia, inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the molecular basis of HIV-1 sensing in the two major mucosal DC subsets, that is, epithelial Langerhans cells and subepithelial CD11c+ conventional DCs. We discuss the concerted actions of the host restriction factors and innate sensors as well as viral evasion mechanisms in determining HIV-1 susceptibility to infection and directing antiviral adaptive immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hertoghs
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: t.b.geijtenbeek@amc.uva.nl.
authors.forename: Teunis B H
authors.initials: TBH
authors.lastname: Geijtenbeek
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carla M S
authors.initials: CMS
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions; D006801:Humans; D057131:Immune Evasion; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors