title: Effects of metals on enantioselective toxicity and biotransformation of cis-bifenthrin in zebrafish.
abstract: Co-occurrence of pyrethroids and metals in watersheds previously has been reported to pose great risk to aquatic species. Pyrethroids are a class of chiral insecticides that have been shown to have enantioselective toxicity and biotransformation. However, the influence of metals on enantioselectivity of pyrethroids has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, the effects of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) on the enantioselective toxicity and metabolism of cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) were investigated in zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations. The addition of Cd, Cu, or Pb significantly increased the mortality of zebrafish in racemate and R-enantiomer of cis-BF-treated groups. In rac-cis-BF- or 1R-cis-BF-treated groups, the addition of Cd, Cu, or Pb caused a decrease in enantiomeric fraction (EF) and an increased ratio of R-enantiomer residues in zebrafish. In 1S-cis-BF-treated groups, coexposure to Cd led to a lower EF and decreased residue levels of S-enantiomer. In addition, coexposure to the 3 metals resulted in different biodegradation characteristics of each enantiomer accompanied with differential changes in the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1, CYP2, and CYP3 genes, which might be responsible for the enantioselective biodegradation of cis-BF in zebrafish. These results suggest that the influence of coexistent metals should be considered in the ecological risk assessment of chiral pyrethroids in aquatic environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2139-2146. © 2017 SETAC.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.|Institute of Hygiene, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Dapeng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jianyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D001711:Biotransformation; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C099952:bifenthrin
keywords: Enantioselective biotransformation; Enantioselective toxicity; Metals; Pyrethroids; Zebrafish