title: Primary penile cancer organ sparing treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of penile cancer is usually associated with mutilation; alterations in self-esteem and body image; affecting sexual and urinary functions; and declined health-related quality of life. Recently, organ sparing treatment has appeared and led to limiting these complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  An extensive review of the literature concerning penile-preserving strategies was conducted. The focus was put on indications, general principles of management, surgical options and reconstructive techniques, the most common complications, as well as functional and oncological outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analyzed methods, e.g.: topical chemotherapy, laser ablation therapy, radiotherapy, Moh's microscopic surgery, circumcision, wide local excision, glans resurfacing and glansectomy are indicated in low-stage tumors (Tis, Ta-T2). After glansectomy, reconstruction is also possible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organ sparing techniques may achieve good anatomical, functional, and psychological outcomes without compromising local cancer control, which depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Penile sparing strategies are acceptable treatment approaches in selected patients with low-stage penile cancer after establishing disease-risk and should be considered in this population.
authors.affiliation: Urooncology Department, Maria Sklodowska Curie, Memorial Cancer Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sosnowski
authors.affiliation: Urooncology Department, Maria Sklodowska Curie, Memorial Cancer Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuligowski
authors.affiliation: The Second Faculty of Medicine with the English Division and the Physiotherapy Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kuczkiewicz
authors.affiliation: The Second Faculty of Medicine with the English Division and the Physiotherapy Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moskal
authors.affiliation: Urooncology Department, Maria Sklodowska Curie, Memorial Cancer Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Jan Karol
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wolski
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, NYU Lutheran Medical Center, NYU Langone Health System, NYU School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bjurlin
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York USA.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wysock
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotheraphy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Memorial Cancer Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pęczkowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Protzel
authors.affiliation: Urooncology Department, Maria Sklodowska Curie, Memorial Cancer Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demkow
keywords: QoL; organ sparing treatment; penile cancer