title: City-specific vehicle emission control strategies to achieve stringent emission reduction targets in China's Yangtze River Delta region.
abstract: The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region is one of the most prosperous and densely populated regions in China and is facing tremendous pressure to mitigate vehicle emissions and improve air quality. Our assessment has revealed that mitigating vehicle emissions of NOx would be more difficult than reducing the emissions of other major vehicular pollutants (e.g., CO, HC and PM2.5) in the YRD region. Even in Shanghai, where the emission control implemented are more stringent than in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, we observed little to no reduction in NOx emissions from 2000 to 2010. Emission-reduction targets for HC, NOx and PM2.5are determined using a response surface modeling tool for better air quality. We design city-specific emission control strategies for three vehicle-populated cities in the YRD region: Shanghai and Nanjing and Wuxi in Jiangsu. Our results indicate that even if stringent emission control consisting of the Euro 6/VI standards, the limitation of vehicle population and usage, and the scrappage of older vehicles is applied, Nanjing and Wuxi will not be able to meet the NOx emissions target by 2020. Therefore, additional control measures are proposed for Nanjing and Wuxi to further mitigate NOx emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Shaojun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China. Electronic address: ywu@tsinghua.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Xiaomeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: Tsinghua University, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002681:China; D002947:Cities; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D058735:Environmental Policy; D045483:Rivers; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
keywords: Emission control; Scenario; Vehicle; Yangtze River Delta