title: Identification of terpenoids from Rubus corchorifolius L. f. leaves and their anti-proliferative effects on human cancer cells.
abstract: The leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. have been consumed as a herbal tea for a long time. In this study, two novel (1 and 5) and four known (2, 3, 4 and 6) terpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Structural analysis was performed using various spectroscopic methods (1H NMR,13C NMR and MS) to identify the following six compounds: (16α)-16,17,18-trihydroxy-ent-kauran-18-O-β-d-glucoside (1), ent-16β,17-dialkyl-3-oxygen-kaurane (2), ent-kaurane-3α,16β,17-triol (3), ent-kaurane(5R,8S,9R,10R,13R,16R)-2-one-16α,17-diol (4), (16R)-16β,17,19-trihydroxy-ent-kaur-3-one (5) and ent-16α,17-dihydroxy-kauran-19-oic-acid (6). These compounds showed different inhibitory effects on various human cancer cells. Compounds 3 and 6 exhibited stronger inhibitory effects on human colon cancer HCT116 cells than the other 4 compounds. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that both compounds 3 and 6 caused cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and induced cellular apoptosis in HCT116 cells. Compounds 3 and 6 modulated the expression levels of key signaling proteins closely related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, i.e., increasing the levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, and p27, and decreasing the levels of EGFR, cyclin D1, CDK2 and CDK4. Overall, our findings provided insight into the anticancer components of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. leaves, which could facilitate their utilization as functional food ingredients.
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China and College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China. caoyong2181@scau.edu.cn and Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Xuexiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Zili
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Mingyue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy College, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China. caoyong2181@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yunjiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China. caoyong2181@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Dixon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: William
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaokun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China. caoyong2181@scau.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-5324
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Shuangde
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Zhonghai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA. hangxiao@foodsci.umass.edu and College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D065856:Rubus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004224:Diterpenes; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D010936:Plant Extracts