title: Maternal plasma-soluble ST2 concentrations are elevated prior to the development of early and late onset preeclampsia - a longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the longitudinal profile of plasma soluble ST2 (sST2) concentrations in patients with preeclampsia and those with uncomplicated pregnancies; (2) whether the changes in sST2 occur prior to the diagnosis of preeclampsia; and (3) the longitudinal sST2 profile of women with early or late preeclampsia.
  
  
  METHODS
  This longitudinal nested case-control study included singleton pregnancies in the following groups: (1) uncomplicated pregnancies (n = 160); and (2) those complicated by early (<34 weeks, n = 9) and late (≥34 weeks, n = 31) preeclampsia. sST2 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mixed-effects models were used for the longitudinal analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Plasma sST2 concentration profiles across gestation differed significantly among cases and controls (p < 0.0001); (2) women with early preeclampsia had higher mean sST2 concentrations than controls at >22 weeks of gestation; cases with late preeclampsia had higher mean concentrations at >33 weeks of gestation (both p < 0.05); and (3) these changes started approximately 6 weeks prior to clinical diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal plasma sST2 concentrations are elevated 6 weeks prior to the clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. An increase in the maternal plasma concentration of sST2 may contribute to an exaggerated intravascular inflammatory response and/or the Th1/Th2 imbalance in some cases.
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI , USA.|c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.|d Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics , Wayne State University , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Piya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaemsaithong
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Adi L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Tarca
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Korzeniewski
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maymon
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Percy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pacora
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Panaitescu
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Noppadol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaiyasit
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Offer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erez
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Sonia S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.affiliation: a Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research , Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH/DHHS , Bethesda , MD, and Detroit, MI , USA.|e Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit , MI , USA.
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011247:Pregnancy; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C079241:IL1RL1 protein, human; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1
keywords: Interleukin-1; Th1/Th2 immune response; interleukin-33; intravascular inflammation; prediction of preeclampsia