title: Brief Report: The Development of Compliance in Toddlers at-Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder.
abstract: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report concerns with child compliance. The development of compliance in 24-, 30-, and 36-month-old high-risk children with ASD outcomes (n = 21), high-risk children without ASD (n = 49), and low-risk children (n = 41) was examined. The High-Risk/ASD group showed greater passive noncompliance at 24-months than the non-ASD groups and a smaller increase in compliance than the High-Risk/No ASD group. The High-Risk/ASD group also showed a smaller decline in active noncompliance than the Low-Risk group. After controlling for receptive language, the passive noncompliance findings were nonsignificant whereas compliance and active noncompliance findings retained significance. The growth of compliance is attenuated in children with ASD, while changes in passive noncompliance are in part associated with language comprehension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298920, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA. naomi.ekas@tcu.edu.
authors.forename: Naomi V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Ekas
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.|University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298920, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
authors.forename: Megan M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Messinger
mesh_terms: D000067877:Autism Spectrum Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003187:Compliance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D062706:Prodromal Symptoms
keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Compliance; Infant siblings; Longitudinal; Restricted and repetitive behaviors