title: Painted Goby Larvae under High-CO2 Fail to Recognize Reef Sounds.
abstract: Atmospheric CO2 levels have been increasing at an unprecedented rate due to anthropogenic activity. Consequently, ocean pCO2 is increasing and pH decreasing, affecting marine life, including fish. For many coastal marine fishes, selection of the adult habitat occurs at the end of the pelagic larval phase. Fish larvae use a range of sensory cues, including sound, for locating settlement habitat. This study tested the effect of elevated CO2 on the ability of settlement-stage temperate fish to use auditory cues from adult coastal reef habitats. Wild late larval stages of painted goby (Pomatoschistus pictus) were exposed to control pCO2 (532 μatm, pH 8.06) and high pCO2 (1503 μatm, pH 7.66) conditions, likely to occur in nearshore regions subjected to upwelling events by the end of the century, and tested in an auditory choice chamber for their preference or avoidance to nighttime reef recordings. Fish reared in control pCO2 conditions discriminated reef soundscapes and were attracted by reef recordings. This behaviour changed in fish reared in the high CO2 conditions, with settlement-stage larvae strongly avoiding reef recordings. This study provides evidence that ocean acidification might affect the auditory responses of larval stages of temperate reef fish species, with potentially significant impacts on their survival.
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Joana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: M Clara P
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.affiliation: IPMA-Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Algés, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Emanuel J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.affiliation: ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.affiliation: Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.affiliation: MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA-Instituto Universitário, Lisbon, Portugal.
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-3177
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Faria
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057894:Coral Reefs; D003463:Cues; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015233:Models, Statistical; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D010473:Perciformes / Q000502:physiology*; D013016:Sound
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide