title: The Isokinetic and Electromyographic Assessment of Knee Muscles Strength in the Short- and Long-Term Type 2 Diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients are subject to muscle weakness.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was an assessment of electromyographic (EMG) activity of knee muscles during isometric maximal voluntary contraction in the different disease durations of T2DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with less than 10 years and twelve patients with more than 10 years of T2DM were compared with nineteen matched healthy control subjects. EMG of flexor and extensor muscles of knee concurrently with isometric maximal peak torque of knee flexion and extension at 75 degrees of knee flexion were recorded in three groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isometric maximal peak torque of extension and root mean squared (RMS) of vastus lateralis and medial hamstring in the healthy control was significantly higher than both patient groups. Whenever the maximal isometric peak flexion torque was not significantly different between groups, the mean power frequency (MPF) of flexor muscles especially medial hamstrings were higher in the short-term T2DM than healthy control groups. The two factors, gender and age, had significant effect on maximal peak torque and RMS of knee muscles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EMG could show the effect of T2DM, gender and age on knee muscles activity. It seems that the medial hamstring was the most sensitive muscle of knee compartment to show the effect of T2DM and difference of short and long-term T2DM in EMG study.
authors.affiliation: Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmadreza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Askary-Ashtiani
authors.affiliation: Health Management Research Centre, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baqiyatallah University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanjal
authors.affiliation: Departement of Basic Science, Rehabilitation Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Monireh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motaqi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholam Hossein
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Meftahi
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Boshra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hatef
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Hoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niknam
keywords: Electromyography; Isometric Maximal Peak Torque; Knee; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus