title: M2 macrophages or IL-33 treatment attenuate ongoing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
abstract: The protective effects of mycobacterial infections on lung allergy are well documented. However, the inverse relationship between tuberculosis and type 2 immunity is still elusive. Although type 1 immunity is essential to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis it might be also detrimental to the host due to the induction of extensive tissue damage. Here, we determined whether lung type 2 immunity induced by allergen sensitization and challenge could affect the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. We used two different protocols in which sensitization and allergen challenge were performed before or after M. tuberculosis infection. We found an increased resistance to M. tuberculosis only when allergen exposure was given after, but not before infection. Infected mice exposed to allergen exhibited lower bacterial load and cellular infiltrates in the lungs. Enhanced resistance to infection after allergen challenge was associated with increased gene expression of alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) and IL-33 levels. Accordingly, either adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages or systemic IL-33 treatment was effective in attenuating M. tuberculosis infection. Notably, the enhanced resistance induced by allergen exposure was dependent on IL-33 receptor ST2. Our work indicates that IL-33 might be an alternative therapeutic treatment for severe tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Piñeros
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Campos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gembre
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: R Q
authors.initials: RQ
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Alves-Filho
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.|Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: V L D
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Bonato
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D058491:Bacterial Load / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein / Q000276:immunology; D000067596:Interleukin-33 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; C506536:IL33 protein, human; C486189:Il1rl1 protein, mouse; D000072179:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 Protein; D000067596:Interleukin-33