title: Home produced eggs: An important pathway of human exposure to perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) around a fluorochemical industrial park in China.
abstract: Dietary intake is considered to be a major pathway of human exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs). Chicken egg is an important contributor to the Chinese diet. In the present study, PFAAs in home produced eggs (HPEs) and commercially produced eggs (CPEs) surrounding a fluorochemical industrial park (FIP) in China were investigated. PFAAs in HPEs decreased with increasing distance from the FIP. HPEs were much more contaminated than CPEs, with PFAAs in CPEs comparable to or lower than those in HPEs from 20km away from the FIP. PFOA concentrations in HPEs were higher than the levels of PFOA in eggs from other studies reported so far. For the first time, PFBA was reported in eggs and detected in all egg samples. PFOA and PFBA were the predominant forms in HPEs, while PFOA, PFBA and PFOS dominated in CPEs. For PFOA, estimated daily intakes (EDI) were 233ng/kg·bw/day for adults and 657ng/kg·bw/day for children who consume HPEs at households about 2km away from the FIP. The EDI of PFOA for children via HPEs exceeded the reference dose value (333ng/kg·bw/day) proposed by the Environmental Working Group.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Hongqiao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Yajuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: yllu@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Yonglong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX 10 8BB, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sweetman
authors.affiliation: Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, OX 10 8BB, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002210:Caprylates / Q000032:analysis*; D002617:Chemical Industry; D002645:Chickens; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D059022:Food Safety; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002210:Caprylates; D005466:Fluorocarbons; C033094:perfluorobutyric acid; C023036:perfluorooctanoic acid
keywords: Commercially produced eggs; Fluorochemical industrial park; Health risk; Home produced eggs; PFBA; PFOA