title: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Huntington's Disease: A Mini Review.
abstract: Neurodegenerative diseases affect not only the life quality of aging populations, but also their life spans. All forms of neurodegenerative diseases have a massive impact on the elderly. The major threat of these brain diseases includes progressive loss of memory, Alzheimer's disease (AD), impairments in the movement, Parkinson's disease (PD), and the inability to walk, talk, and think, Huntington's disease (HD). Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are highlighted as a central feature of brain degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress, a condition that occurs due to imbalance in oxidant and antioxidant status, has been known to play a vital role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases including AD, PD, and HD. A large number of studies have utilized oxidative stress biomarkers to investigate the severity of these neurodegenerative diseases and medications are available, but these only treat the symptoms. In traditional medicine, a large number of medicinal plants have been used to treat the symptoms of these neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive studies scientifically validated the beneficial effect of natural products against neurodegenerative diseases using suitable animal models. This short review focuses the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD, PD, and HD and the protective efficacy of natural products against these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Shanmugam
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5233-9071
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manoharan
authors.affiliation: Neuroinflammation Group, Department of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Gilles J
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-8105-4470
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Guillemin
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Rajagopal Selladurai
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Abiramasundari
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
authors.forename: Musthafa Mohamed
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Essa
authors.affiliation: SMPT, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8820-7406
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.affiliation: SMPT, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Akbar
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001688:Biological Products / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species