title: Early onset fetal growth restriction.
abstract: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) diagnosed before 32 weeks is identified by fetal smallness associated with Doppler abnormalities and is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality and maternal complications. Recent studies have provided new insights into pathophysiology, management options and postnatal outcomes of FGR. In this paper we review the available evidence regarding diagnosis, management and prognosis of fetuses diagnosed with FGR before 32 weeks of gestation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS United Kingdom.|Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dall'Asta
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prefumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frusca
authors.affiliation: Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS United Kingdom.|Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.|Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Christoph C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lees
keywords: Antenatal counseling; Fetal Doppler; Fetal complications; Iatrogenic preterm delivery; Neonatal intensive care unit