title: Antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy adults in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
abstract: In this study, we attempted to isolate Escherichia coli from healthy adults in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and characterized its antimicrobial resistance profile, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genotype, phylogenetic grouping and virulence gene profile. A total of 103 E. coli isolates were obtained, and most of them were antimicrobial resistant such to streptomycin (80.6%), tetracycline (67.0%), ampicillin (65.0%), sulfamethoxsazole/trimethoprim (48.5%), nalidixic acid (43.7%), chloramphenicol (34.0%), cefotaxime (15.5%), ciprofloxacin (15.5%), kanamycin (12.6%), ceftazidime (10.7%), fosfomycin (4.9%) and gentamicin (2.9%). However, all these E. coli strains were susceptible to imipenem. Surprisingly, of 103 strains, 74 (71.8%) and 43 (41.7%) strains showed resistance to more than 3 and 5 classes of antimicrobials, respectively. Furthermore, 10 E. coli strains were ESBL-producers and positive for blaCTX-Mgenes (7 for blaCTX-M-9and 3 for blaCTX-M-1), while five were additionally positive for blaTEMgenes. S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that 7 and 3 strains of E. coli carry blaCTX-Mgenes on their large plasmid and chromosome, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis exhibited that majority of the E. coli strains was grouped into A (44.7%), followed by B1 (23.3%), B2 (18.4%) and D (13.6%). Virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic E. coli, such as astA, EAF, eaeA, elt and eagg were also detected in ESBL-producing E. coli as well as antimicrobial resistant strains. These data suggest that commensal E. coli of healthy human could be a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance determinants and some of them might be harmful to human.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
authors.forename: Phuong Hoai
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Sharda Prasad
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Awasthi
authors.forename: Phuc
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: DO Nguyen
authors.forename: Ngan Ly Hoang
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Dao Thi Anh
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Ninh Hoang
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: LE
authors.forename: Chinh
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: VAN Dang
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hinenoya
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D014744:Vietnam; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D055815:Young Adult; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases