title: Effectiveness of Spiritist "passe" (Spiritual healing) for anxiety levels, depression, pain, muscle tension, well-being, and physiological parameters in cardiovascular inpatients: A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biofield therapies, such as laying on of hands, are used in association with Conventional Medicine as Spiritist "passe", among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate anxiety, depression, pain, muscle tension and well-being, as well as physiological parameters in cardiovascular inpatients submitted to the Spiritist "passe", sham, and no intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the total, 41 cardiovascular inpatients submitted to the Spiritist "passe", sham, and no intervention during a 10-min period on 3 consecutive days. They were evaluated through anxiety and depression level, pain, the perceptions of muscle tension and well-being and physiological parameters, before and after interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction (p=0.001) in anxiety scores and muscle tension (p=0.011), improvement of well-being (p=0.003) and a significant increase in peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation scores (p=0.028) were observed in Spiritist "passe" patients, and a significant reduction (p=0.028) of muscle tension and improvement of well-being (p=0.045) in sham patients. However, muscle tension reduction (p=0.003) and improvement of well-being (p=0.003) were more accentuated in the Spiritist "passe" compared to sham and no intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that the Spiritist "passe" appeared to be effective, reducing anxiety level and the perception of muscle tension, consequently improving peripheral oxyhemoglobin saturation and the sensation of well-being compared to sham and no intervention in cardiovascular inpatients.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Medical Spiritist Association (AMEUBE), Praça Dr. Thomaz Ulhôa, 50, 38025 050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: elidamc16@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Élida Mara
authors.initials: ÉM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luana Pereira
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorge Marcelo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marson
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Juverson Alves
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Terra
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Claudio Jacinto Pereira
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Modesto
authors.affiliation: Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Antônio Pertili Rodrigues de
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Resende
authors.affiliation: Committee on Religious and Spiritual Assistance (CARE), Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Uberaba, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro), Rua Getúlio Guaritá, 330, 38025-440 Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Medical Spiritist Association (AMEUBE), Praça Dr. Thomaz Ulhôa, 50, 38025 050 Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maria de Fátima
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Borges
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000628:therapy*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology*; D010146:Pain; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D012067:Religion; D026443:Spiritual Therapies / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Anxiety; Complementary therapies; Coronary artery disease; Depression; Energy therapies; Spiritual healing; Therapeutic touch