title: Anti-Oxidant, Pro-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Unpolished Rice Relevant to Colorectal Cancer
abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide health problem owing to its high prevalence and mortality rates.
  Carcinogenesis in the colon is a multistage and multifactorial process. An imbalance between free radical exposure
  and anti-oxidant defense systems may leads to oxidative stress and attack of macromolecules which can alter signal
  transduction pathways and gene expression. Consequently, oxidative damage can lead to cellular dysfunction and
  contribute to pathophysiological processes in a variety of diseases including CRC. One factor tightly associated with
  CRC is chronic inflammation, which can be present from the earliest stage of tumor onset. Unpolished rice is an
  attractive chemoprevention in CRC due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of this paper is
  to review evidence linking oxidative stress and inflammation to CRC and to provide essential background information
  for understanding future research on oxidative stress and inflammation on CRC. Mechanisms of action of unpolished
  rice in CRC carcinogenesis are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Email: prasit.
  suw@mahidol.ac.th, parasit109@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Prasit
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suwannalert
authors.forename: Witchuda
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Payuhakrit
authors.forename: Thidarat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koomsang
keywords: Colorectal cancer; oxidative stress; anti-oxidants; inflammation; unpolished rice