title: Emotion Recognition and Perspective Taking: A Comparison between Typical and Incarcerated Male Adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research suggests that antisocial individuals present impairment in social cognitive processing, more specifically in emotion recognition (ER) and perspective taking (PT). The first aim of the present study was to investigate the recognition of a wide range of emotional expressions and visual PT capacities in a group of incarcerated male adolescents in comparison to a matched group of community adolescents. Secondly, we sought to explore the relationship between these two mechanisms in relation to psychopathic traits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five male adolescents (22 incarcerated adolescents (Mage = 16.52, SD = 0.96) and 23 community adolescents (Mage = 16.43, SD = 1.41)) participated in the study. ER abilities were measured using a dynamic and multimodal task that requires the participants to watch short videos in which trained actors express 14 emotions. PT capacities were examined using a task recognized and proven to be sensitive to adolescent development, where participants had to follow the directions of another person whilst taking into consideration his perspective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found a main effect of group on emotion recognition scores. In comparison to the community adolescents, the incarcerated adolescents presented lower recognition of three emotions: interest, anxiety and amusement. Analyses also revealed significant impairments in PT capacities in incarcerated adolescents. In addition, incarcerated adolescents' PT scores were uniquely correlated to their scores on recognition of interest.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results corroborate previously reported impairments in ER and PT capacities, in the incarcerated adolescents. The study also indicates an association between impairments in the recognition of interest and impairments in PT.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Larisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morosan
authors.affiliation: Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Badoud
authors.affiliation: Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaharia
authors.affiliation: Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|Consumer Decision and Sustainable Behavior Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brosch
authors.affiliation: Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eliez
authors.affiliation: Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.|Anna Freud Centre, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bateman
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine and Psychiatry, Department of Communitarian, Emergency and First Aid Medicine and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.affiliation: Developmental Clinical Psychology Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab, Office Médico-Pédagogique, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.|Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debbané
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D000066499:Facial Recognition; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology*; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012938:Social Perception; D055815:Young Adult