title: Can three-dimensional patient-specific cutting guides be used to achieve optimal correction for high tibial osteotomy? Pilot study.
abstract: Treatment of medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis with a high-tibial osteotomy (HTO) is most effective when the optimal angular correction is achieved. However, conventional instrumentation is limited when multiplanar correction is needed.
  
  
  
  Use of patient-specific cutting guides (PSCGs) for HTO provides an accurate correction (difference<2°) relative to the preoperative planning.
  
  
  
  Between February 2014 and February 2015, 10 patients (mean age: 46 years [range: 31-59]; grade 1 or 2 osteoarthritis in Ahlbäck's classification) were included prospectively in this reliability and safety study. All patients were operated using the same medial opening-wedge osteotomy technique. Preoperative planning was based on long-leg radiographs and CT scans with 3D reconstruction. The PSGCs were used to align the osteotomy cut and position the screw holes for the plate. The desired correction was achieved in the three planes when the holes on the plate were aligned with the holes drilled based on the PSCG. Preoperatively, the mean HKA angle was 171.9° (range: 166-179°), the mean proximal tibial angle was 87° (86-88°) and the mean tibial slope was 7.8° (1-22°). The postoperative correction was compared to the planned correction using 3D CT scan transformations. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 1 year.
  
  
  
  The procedure was successfully carried out in all patients with the PSCGs. On postoperative long-leg radiographs, the mean HKA was 182.3° (180-185°); on the CT scan, the mean tibial mechanical angle was 94° (90-98°) and the mean tibial slope was 7.1° (4-11°). In 19 out of 20 postoperative HKA and slope measurements, the difference between the planned and achieved correction was <2° based on the 3D analysis of the three planes in space; in the other case, the slope was 13° instead of the planned 10°. The intra-class correlation coefficients between the postoperative and planned parameters were 0.98 [0.92-0.99] for the HKA and 0.96 [0.79-0.99] for the tibial slope. There were no surgical site infections; one patient had a postoperative hematoma that resolved spontaneously.
  
  
  
  The results of this study showed that use of PSCGs in HTO procedures helps to achieve optimal correction in a safe and reliable manner.
  
  
  
  IV - Prospective cohort study.
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munier
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France; Newclip Technics, 44115 Haute-Goulaine, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donnez
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ollivier
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Flecher
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chabrand
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France.
authors.forename: J-N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Argenson
authors.affiliation: UMR CNRS 787/AMU, institut du mouvement et de l'appareil locomoteur, groupe interdisciplinaire en biomécanique, hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, centre hospitalo-universitaire Sud, boulevard de Sainte-Marguerite, 13009 Marseille, France. Electronic address: sebastien@parratte.fr.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parratte
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011184:Postoperative Period; D066330:Printing, Three-Dimensional; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013977:Tibia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
keywords: 3D printing; High tibial osteotomy; Medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis; Opening-wedge osteotomy; Patient-specific surgical guides