title: Enniatin and Beauvericin Biosynthesis in Fusarium Species: Production Profiles and Structural Determinant Prediction.
abstract: Members of the fungal genusFusariumcan produce numerous secondary metabolites, including the nonribosomal mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENNs). Both mycotoxins are synthesized by the multifunctional enzyme enniatin synthetase (ESYN1) that contains both peptide synthetase and S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependentN-methyltransferase activities. SeveralFusariumspecies can produce ENNs, BEA or both, but the mechanism(s) enabling these differential metabolic profiles is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the primary structure of ESYN1 by sequencingesyn1transcripts from differentFusariumspecies. We measured ENNs and BEA production by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and Acquity QDa mass detector (UPLC-PDA-QDa) analyses. We predicted protein structures, compared the predictions by multivariate analysis methods and found a striking correlation between BEA/ENN-producing profiles and ESYN1 three-dimensional structures. Structural differences in the β strand's Asn789-Ala793 and His797-Asp802 portions of the amino acid adenylation domain can be used to distinguish BEA/ENN-producingFusariumisolates from those that produce only ENN.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. vania.liuzzi@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Vania C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Liuzzi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. valentina.mirabelli@ic.cnr.it.|Department of Economics, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy. valentina.mirabelli@ic.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mirabelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. teresa.cimmarusti@ispa.cnr.it.|Department of Economics, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy. teresa.cimmarusti@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cimmarusti
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. miriam.haidukowski@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haidukowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 KS, USA. jfl@ksu.edu.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Leslie
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. antonio.logrieco@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Antonio F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Logrieco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Crystallography, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. rocco.caliandro@ic.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caliandro
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. francesca.fanelli@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy. giuseppina.mule@ispa.cnr.it.
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mulè
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056004:Molecular Dynamics Simulation; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072417:Protein Domains; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; C004456:beauvericin; D008780:Methyltransferases; C434266:S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent N-methyltransferase; D010453:Peptide Synthases
keywords: ESYN1; Fusarium; backbone angles; beauvericin; enniatin; homology modelling; multivariate analysis; mycotoxins