title: Competitive Swarm Optimizer Based Gateway Deployment Algorithm in Cyber-Physical Systems.
abstract: Wireless sensor network topology optimization is a highly important issue, and topology control through node selection can improve the efficiency of data forwarding, while saving energy and prolonging lifetime of the network. To address the problem of connecting a wireless sensor network to the Internet in cyber-physical systems, here we propose a geometric gateway deployment based on a competitive swarm optimizer algorithm. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm has a continuous search feature in the solution space, which makes it suitable for finding the geometric center of gateway deployment; however, its search mechanism is limited to the individual optimum (pbest) and the population optimum (gbest); thus, it easily falls into local optima. In order to improve the particle search mechanism and enhance the search efficiency of the algorithm, we introduce a new competitive swarm optimizer (CSO) algorithm. The CSO search algorithm is based on an inter-particle competition mechanism and can effectively avoid trapping of the population falling into a local optimum. With the improvement of an adaptive opposition-based search and its ability to dynamically parameter adjustments, this algorithm can maintain the diversity of the entire swarm to solve geometricK-center gateway deployment problems. The simulation results show that this CSO algorithm has a good global explorative ability as well as convergence speed and can improve the network quality of service (QoS) level of cyber-physical systems by obtaining a minimum network coverage radius. We also find that the CSO algorithm is more stable, robust and effective in solving the problem of geometric gateway deployment as compared to the PSO or Kmedoids algorithms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. hsq@jnu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Shuqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Computer and Network Security, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China. ming.tao@mail.scut.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tao
keywords: competitive swarm optimizer (CSO); covering radius; cyber-physical system; gateway deployment; geometric K-center; particle swarm optimization (PSO)