title: Clinical predictive factors for temporomandibular disorders following combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment in patients with Class III malocclusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify clinical factors predisposing to the development or worsening of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) following orthodontic surgical treatment for Class III malocclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed on 88 patients with Class III malocclusion having undergone a combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment. Temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle examinations were available prior to treatment and one year post-operatively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict the development of post-operative TMDs, and linear regression was used to predict the worsening of TMDs using Helkimo indices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with Class III malocclusion presenting with pre-treatment anamnestic TMJ clicking (OR = 5.8; p = 0.03) and undergoing bimaxillary osteotomy procedures (OR = 18.6; p = 0.04) were more at risk for the development of TMDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMDs must be evaluated, monitored, and managed with caution in patients with Class III malocclusion presenting with pre-treatment joint clicking and who are planned for bimaxillary osteotomies.
authors.affiliation: a Division of Orthodontics , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Antonarakis
authors.affiliation: b Division of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalberer
authors.affiliation: c Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Delphine S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Courvoisier
authors.affiliation: c Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery , University Hospitals of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scolozzi
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000628:therapy*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D056948:Orthognathic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Class III malocclusion; orthognathic surgery; temporomandibular disorders; temporomandibular joint