title: Mitochondrial and Chromosomal Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in Zn2+Ions, ZnO-Bulk and ZnO-NPs treated Allium cepa roots.
abstract: Large-scale synthesis and release of nanomaterials in environment is a growing concern for human health and ecosystem. Therefore, we have investigated the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs), zinc oxide bulk (ZnO-Bulk), and zinc ions (Zn2+) in treated roots of Allium cepa, under hydroponic conditions. ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV-visible, XRD, FT-IR spectroscopy and TEM analyses. Bulbs of A. cepa exposed to ZnO-NPs (25.5 nm) for 12 h exhibited significant decrease (23 ± 8.7%) in % mitotic index and increase in chromosomal aberrations (18 ± 7.6%), in a dose-dependent manner. Transmission electron microcopy and FT-IR data suggested surface attachment, internalization and biomolecular intervention of ZnO-NPs in root cells, respectively. The levels of TBARS and antioxidant enzymes were found to be significantly greater in treated root cells vis-à-vis untreated control. Furthermore, dose-dependent increase in ROS production and alterations in ΔΨm were observed in treated roots. FT-IR analysis of root tissues demonstrated symmetric and asymmetric P=O stretching of >PO2-at 1240 cm-1and stretching of C-O ribose at 1060 cm-1, suggestive of nuclear damage. Overall, the results elucidated A. cepa, as a good model for assessment of cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage with ZnO-NPs and Zn2+in plants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
authors.forename: Bilal
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.|Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
authors.forename: Sourabh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dwivedi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
authors.forename: Malik Zainul
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Abdin
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
authors.forename: Ameer
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Majed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Shaeri
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
authors.forename: Mohammad Saghir
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Quaiser
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Saquib
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Abdulaziz A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Khedhairy
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.|School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J &K, India.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Musarrat
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D007477:Ions / Q000633:toxicity; D053078:Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019697:Onions / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015034:Zinc Oxide