title: Resident impact on operative duration for elective general surgical procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resident involvement in operations increases operative duration. This study investigated resident impact on operative time for a single general surgeon in an outpatient surgical setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of index general surgical operations meeting inclusion criteria. Operative duration, patient demographics, 30-day complication/readmission rates, and degree of resident involvement were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  625 cases were analyzed. Patient demographics were similar for all procedural comparison groups. Operative time increased with resident involvement for each operation-umbilical hernia repairs were associated with a 19% increase (22.3 ± 6.7 versus 26.5 ± 7.5 min, p = 0.002), laparoscopic cholecystectomies demonstrated a 15% increase (25.8 ± 8.7 versus 29.7 ± 10.2 min, p = 0.001), and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repairs demonstrated a 25% increase (32.1 ± 11.3 versus 40.2 ± 8.9 min, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Each surgeon must decide if the increase in operative duration caused by resident involvement is justified by the intangible benefits residents provide.
authors.affiliation: Grand Rapids Medical Education Center, 221Michigan St. NE, Ste 200A, Mail Code 106, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA. Electronic address: matt.dull@grmep.com.
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dull
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15Michigan St. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Chad P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gier
authors.affiliation: Grand Rapids Medical Education Center, 221Michigan St. NE, Ste 200A, Mail Code 106, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Carroll
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, 15Michigan St. NE, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Dylan D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.affiliation: Grand Rapids Medical Education Center, 221Michigan St. NE, Ste 200A, Mail Code 106, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.affiliation: Spectrum Health Medical Group: General Surgery, 1900 Wealthy St. SE, Ste 180 MC545, Grand Rapids, MI, 49506, USA. Electronic address: jeffrey.gawel@spectrumhealth.org.
authors.forename: Jeffrey C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gawel
mesh_terms: D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006554:Hernia, Umbilical / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D061646:Operative Time; D010359:Patient Readmission; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies
keywords: Cholecystectomy; Inguinal hernia; Operative time; Resident education; Surgical education; Umbilical hernia