title: Comparison of cephalic and jugular plasma lactate concentrations in sick cats: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare plasma lactate concentration (PLC) in paired cephalic and jugular blood samples from sick cats. An additional objective was to determine whether hypotensive cats (Doppler blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) have a significant difference between cephalic and jugular PLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational pilot study performed from December 2013 to August 2014.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private veterinary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty client-owned cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Doppler blood pressure measurements were obtained and then blood samples were collected from both a cephalic intravenous catheter at the time of placement and from a jugular vein by direct venipuncture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the mean cephalic PLC (2.0 mmol/L, standard deviation [SD]: 1.1, min-max: 0.6-5.3) and the mean jugular PLC (2.1 mmol/L, SD: 1.6, min-max: 0.7-7.8; P = 0.88) in this population of sick cats. Hypotensive cats also had no significant difference between the mean cephalic PLC (2.8 mmol/L, SD: 1.4, min-max: 1.6-5.3) and the mean jugular PLC (3.2 mmol/L, SD: 2.6, min-max: 0.7-7.8; P = 0.77).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was not a significant difference between cephalic and jugular PLC in this population of sick cats. Further studies are needed to confirm whether cephalic and jugular PLCs may be used interchangeably in sick and hypotensive cats.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92121.
authors.forename: Emily K J
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92121.
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Julius
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182.
authors.forename: Sean-Paul A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Claypool
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Specialty Hospital of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92121.
authors.forename: Monica C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Clare
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000662:veterinary*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002415:Cats; D007601:Jugular Veins; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid
keywords: biomarker; blood pressure; feline; perfusion; point-of-care