title: Identification and expression profiles of fifteen delta-class glutathione S-transferase genes from a stored-product pest, Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae).
abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of enzymes found ubiquitously in aerobic organisms and they play important roles in insecticide resistance. In this study, we tested the sensitivities of Liposcelis entomophila, collected from four different field populations, to three insecticides. The results showed that the insects from Tongliang population had a relatively higher tolerance to malathion and propuxor than insects from other field populations. The insecticide sensitivities of different populations detected in psocids may be due to the different control practices. Through sequence mining and phylogenetic analyses, we identified 15 delta class GST genes that contained the conserved motifs of the GSTs. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) analysis indicated that the 15 GST genes were expressed at all tested developmental stages, and 12 GST genes had significantly higher expression levels in adulthood than in egg stage. The expression levels of 15 GST genes in different field populations showed that 9 GST genes were significantly higher in Tongliang population compared to other populations. Furthermore, Q-PCR confirmed that the expression of several delta class GSTs was upregulated at different times after malathion, propuxor and deltamethrine exposure with the LC50concentration of insecticide. Taken together, these findings showed that delta class GST genes have various expression levels in different developmental stages and different field populations, and they were up-regulated in response to insecticide exposure, which suggested that these GSTs may be associated with insecticide metabolism in psocids.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
authors.forename: Tian-Xing
authors.initials: TX
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
authors.forename: Yu-Xian
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
authors.forename: Dan-Dan
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smagghe
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China. Electronic address: wangjinjun@swu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jin-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019476:Insect Proteins; D007306:Insecticides; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: Glutathione S-transferases; Insecticides induction; Psocids; Transcriptional profiles