title: SIV Infection FacilitatesMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection of Rhesus Macaques.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is a common opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. Thus, it is necessary to understand the pathogenetic interactions betweenM.tband HIV infection. In this study, we examinedM.tband/or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of Chinese rhesus macaques. While there was little evidence thatM.tbenhanced SIV infection of macaques, SIV could facilitateM.tbinfection as demonstrated by X-rays, pathological and microbiological findings. Chest X-rays showed that co-infected animals had disseminated lesions in both left and right lungs, whileM.tbmono-infected animals displayed the lesions only in right lungs. Necropsy of co-infected animals revealed a disseminatedM.tbinfection not only in the lungs but also in the extrapulmonary organs including spleen, pancreas, liver, kidney, and heart. The bacterial counts in the lungs, the bronchial lymph nodes, and the extrapulmonary organs of co-infected animals were significantly higher than those ofM.tbmono-infected animals. The mechanistic studies demonstrated that two of three co-infected animals had lower levels ofM.tbspecific IFN-γ and IL-22 in PBMCs thanM.tbmono-infected animals. These findings suggest that Chinese rhesus macaque is a suitable and alternative non-human primate model for SIV/M.tbcoinfection studies. The impairment of the specific anti-TB immunity is likely to be a contributor of SIV-mediated enhancementM.tbinfection.
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Qiao-Yang
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Biao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Jiao
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan University Wuhan, Hubei, China.
authors.forename: De-Yin
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Chuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jie-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Animal Experiment/Animal Biosafety Level III Laboratory, Wuhan UniversityWuhan, Hubei, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Wen-Zhe
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Ho
keywords: HIV; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; SIV; coinfection; rhesus monkey