title: Roasting Enhances the Anti-Cataract Effect of Coffee Beans: Ameliorating Selenite-Induced Cataracts in Rats.
abstract: Coffee is a widely consumed beverage. While recent studies have linked its intake to a reduced risk of cataracts, caffeine is believed to be the key factor for its effect. To know how roasting beans affects the effect of coffee on cataract formation, we investigated the impact roasting using a selenite-induced cataract rat model.
  
  
  
  Sprague Dawley rats were given a single injection of sodium selenite, which induced formation of nuclear cataracts by day 6, with or without coffee intake (100% coffee, 0.2 mL/day) for following 3 days.
  
  
  
  The concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in selenite-induced cataract lenses declined to half that of controls. However, 3 days of coffee intake ameliorated the reduction of GSH and AsA so that concentrations remained at 70-80% that of controls. Roasting enhanced the preventive effect of coffee by further reducing cataract formation and ameliorating selenite-induced reduction of antioxidants. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed degradation of chlorogenic acid and generation of pyrocatechol during the coffee roasting process. We discovered that pyrocatechol, at doses equivalent to that found in dark-roasted coffee, was equally effective as caffeine at reducing cataract formation and ameliorating the reduction of antioxidants.
  
  
  
  Our results indicate that pyrocatechol, generated during the roasting process, acts as an antioxidant together with caffeine to prevent cataract formation.
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy , Keio University, Shibakoen , Minatoku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Nana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishimori
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy , Keio University, Shibakoen , Minatoku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy , Keio University, Shibakoen , Minatoku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: b Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Josai University , Sakado , Saitama , Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobata
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy , Keio University, Shibakoen , Minatoku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funakoshi-Tago
authors.affiliation: a Faculty of Pharmacy , Keio University, Shibakoen , Minatoku , Tokyo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002386:Cataract / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D040503:Coffea; D003296:Cooking; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds; D018038:Sodium Selenite / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018038:Sodium Selenite
keywords: 2; 6-dichlorophenol-indophenol; ANOVA; AsA; Caffeine; DCPIP; DTNB; GSH; HO-1; HPLC; NAD(P)H:quinone oxyreductase 1; NQO-1; PBS; ROS; SD; Sprague Dawley; cataract; coffee; dithionitrobenzene; glutathione; heme oxygenase 1; high-performance liquid chromatography; l-ascorbic acid; one-way analysis of variance; phosphate-buffered saline; pyrocatechol; reactive oxygen species; selenite