title: Single and multi-component adsorption of psychiatric pharmaceuticals onto alternative and commercial carbons.
abstract: This work describes the adsorptive removal of three widely consumed psychiatric pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, paroxetine and oxazepam) from ultrapure water. Two different adsorbents were used: a commercial activated carbon and a non-activated waste-based carbon (PS800-150-HCl), produced by pyrolysis of primary paper mill sludge. These adsorbents were used in single, binary and ternary batch experiments in order to determine the adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of the considered pharmaceuticals. For the three drugs and both carbons, the equilibrium was quickly attained (with maximum equilibrium times of 15 and 120 min for the waste-based and the commercial carbons, respectively) even in binary and ternary systems. Single component equilibrium data were adequately described by the Langmuir model, with the commercial carbon registering higher maximum adsorption capacities (between 272 ± 10 and 493 ± 12 μmol g-1) than PS800-150-HCl (between 64 ± 2 and 74 ± 1 μmol g-1). Multi-component equilibrium data were also best fitted by the single component Langmuir isotherm, followed by the Langmuir competitive model. Overall, competitive effects did not largely affect the performance of both adsorbents. Binary and ternary systems maintained fast kinetics, the individual maximum adsorption capacities were not lower than half of the single component systems and both carbons presented improved total adsorption capacities for multi-component solutions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: vania.calisto@ua.pt.
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calisto
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Guilaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jaria
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Carla Patrícia
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Catarina I A
authors.initials: CIA
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry and Physics, IMARENABIO, University of Léon, Campus de Vegazana, Léon, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
authors.forename: Valdemar I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Esteves
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon; D002606:Charcoal; D007700:Kinetics; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002606:Charcoal; D002244:Carbon
keywords: Emerging contaminants; Environment; Paper mill sludge; Remediation; Water treatment