title: The Long Noncoding RNA Landscape of the Ischemic Human Left Ventricle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The discovery of functional classes of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has expanded our understanding of the variety of RNA species that exist in cells. In the heart, lncRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of development, ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, there is a limited description of expression profiles for these transcripts in human subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We obtained left ventricular tissue from human patients undergoing cardiac surgery and used RNA sequencing to describe an lncRNA profile. We then identified a list of lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between pairs of samples before and after the ischemic insult of cardiopulmonary bypass. The expression of some of these lncRNAs correlates with ischemic time. Coding genes in close proximity to differentially expressed lncRNAs and coding genes that have coordinated expression with these lncRNAs are enriched in functional categories related to myocardial infarction, including heart function, metabolism, the stress response, and the immune system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe a list of lncRNAs that are differentially expressed after ischemia in the human heart. These genes are predicted to function in pathways consistent with myocardial injury. As a result, lncRNAs may serve as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00985049.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Louis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Saddic
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Tzuu-Wang
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazaika
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Mahyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heydarpour
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Stanton K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Shernan
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Jon G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Sary F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: Simon C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Body
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (L.A.S., M.I.S., T.-W.C., M.H., S.K.S., S.C.B., J.D.M.), Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital (S.F.A.), and Department of Genetics (E.M., C.E.S., J.G.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. jmuehlschlegel@partners.org.
authors.forename: Jochen D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Muehlschlegel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding / Q000235:genetics*; D059467:Transcriptome
chemical_list: D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding
keywords: aortic valve; myocardial infarction; myocardial ischemia; nucleotides; transcriptional activation