title: Imaging of the Pediatric Urinary System.
abstract: Recent advances in pediatric urinary tract imaging include development of alternative imaging methods without use of ionizing radiation; evolving understanding of the relationship of urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, and renal scarring, including the important role of dysfunctional voiding; development of a consensus nomenclature and risk-based classification for fetal and antenatal urinary tract dilation; advances in the understanding of sporadic and inherited renal cystic disease; and a proposed modification of the Bosniak criteria for distinguishing complex renal cysts from cystic renal tumors in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Pediatric Radiology Section, American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, 1100 Wayne Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA. Electronic address: ellen.chung@usuhs.edu.
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
authors.forename: Karl A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Soderlund
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fagen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
keywords: Children; Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT); Pediatric; Postinfectious nephropathy; Pyelonephritis; Renal cyst; Renal scarring; Vesicoureteral reflux