title: Sophorolipid Butyl Ester Diacetate Does Not Affect Macrophage Polarization but Enhances Astrocytic Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Expression at Micromolar Concentrations in Vitro.
abstract: Peritoneal macrophages (PMACs) and spinal cord astrocytes were exposed to varying concentrations of soluble sophorolipid butyl ester diacetate (SLBEDA) in vitro. Macrophages and astrocytes demonstrated no decrease in viability in response to SLBEDA. Studying pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, PMACs did not show a shift toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. However, at higher concentrations (3 and 30 μM), astrocytes showed an increase in their expression of glial acidic fibrillary protein. This novel category of compounds poses low risk to PMAC and astrocyte viability; however, the effect on PMAC polarization and astrocyte reactivity requires more elucidation.
authors.forename: Alexis M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ziemba
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University , 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
authors.forename: Manoj K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Gottipati
authors.forename: Filbert
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Totsingan
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College , 43 New Scotland Avenue Albany, New York 12208, United States.
authors.forename: Cheryl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hanes
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.affiliation: Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College , 43 New Scotland Avenue Albany, New York 12208, United States.
authors.forename: Michelle R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lennartz
authors.forename: Ryan J
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3501-6753
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D006017:Glycolipids; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C000617984:sophorolipid butyl ester diacetate
keywords: Macrophage; astrocyte; sophorolipid; spinal cord injury