title: The Significance of Abnormal Muscle Response Monitoring During Microvascular Decompression for Hemifacial Spasm.
abstract: Despite the wide adoption of the abnormal muscle response (AMR) to electrical stimulation of the facial nerve during microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery, the value of AMR in the prognosis of the postoperative outcome is still controversial. In order to better use this intraoperative electrophysiology, it is necessary to further address the relationship between AMR and postoperative results.
  
  
  
  Three hundred and thirty-two patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) in whom MVD surgery was performed and in whom AMR was available were finally enrolled in this study. The intraoperative AMR changes were classified as amplitude ≥ 50 %, <50 %, and disappearance. These changes were retrospectively analyzed in association with intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes. The follow-up period ranged from 11 to 62 months, with an average of 34.1 months.
  
  
  
  Among the 332 patients with a typical AMR wave recorded at the beginning of the operation, the AMR disappeared in 305, and amplitude was <50 % in 11 and ≥50 % in 16. Of those with AMR disappearance plus those with amplitude < 50 %, 98.4 % achieved relief on the first postoperative day and at the latest follow-up, while of those with amplitude ≥50 %, 18.8 % and 25 %, respectively, achieved relief on the first postoperative day and at the latest follow-up (P < 0.01). Accordingly, a more than 50 % decrease of AMR amplitude may predict a good prognosis. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of AMR monitoring were 97.5 %, 99 %, and 72.2 %, respectively.
  
  
  
  AMR could be a good tool for successful MVD in patients with HFS when a rational analysis is conducted in association with the intraoperative findings. Persistence of AMR may imply that the real offending vessel was missed. If the entire facial nerve root is cleared of any vessel, a remaining AMR amplitude of less than 50 % might be acceptable. Otherwise, neurocombing is suggested before finishing the operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ming Xing
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. ZhongMDPhD@sjtu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Ning-Ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Visocchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
authors.forename: Shi-Ting
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D064795:Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring; D008297:Male; D061145:Microvascular Decompression Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
keywords: Abnormal muscle response; Amplitude; Hemifacial spasm; Intraoperative monitoring; Microvascular decompression