title: Genome-Wide Prioritization and Transcriptomics Reveal Novel Signatures Associated With Thiazide Diuretics Blood Pressure Response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thiazide diuretics are among the most commonly prescribed antihypertensives. However, <50% of thiazide-treated patients achieve blood pressure (BP) control. Herein, we used different omics (genomics and transcriptomics) to identify novel biomarkers of thiazide diuretics BP response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Genome-wide analysis included 228 white hypertensives with BP determined at baseline and after 9 weeks of hydrochlorothiazide. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms with P <5×10-5were prioritized according to their biological function, using RegulomeDB, haploreg, and Genome-Wide Annotation of Variants. The results from the prioritization approach revealed rs10995 as the most likely functional single-nucleotide polymorphism, among single-nucleotide polymorphisms tested, that has been associated with hydrochlorothiazide BP response. The rs10995 G-allele was associated with better BP response to hydrochlorothiazide versus noncarriers (Δ systolic BP/Δ diastolic BP: -12.3/-8.2 versus -6.8/-3.5 mm Hg, respectively, Δ systolic BP P=3×10-4, Δ diastolic BP P=5×10-5). This association was replicated in independent participants treated with chlorthalidone. In addition, rs10995 G-allele was associated with increased mRNA expression of VASP (vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein). Moreover, baseline expression of the VASP mRNA was significantly higher in 25 good responders to hydrochlorothiazide compared with 25 poor responders (P=0.01). This finding was replicated in independent participants treated with chlorthalidone (P=0.04). Last, allelic-specific expression analysis revealed a significant but modest imbalance with rs10995 and rs10156, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in high linkage disequilibrium (r2=0.7) with rs10995, which both could contribute to the observed genetic effects by affecting VASP mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study highlights the strength of using different omics to identify novel biomarkers of drug response and suggests VASP as a potential determinant of thiazide diuretics BP response.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00246519 and NCT01203852.
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Shahin
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sá
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Taimour
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langaee
authors.forename: Caitrin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McDonough
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riva
authors.forename: Amber L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beitleshees
authors.forename: Arlene B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Gums
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sadee
authors.forename: Rhonda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Cooper-DeHoff
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics; D002752:Chlorthalidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D055106:Genome-Wide Association Study; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D000071184:Pharmacogenomic Variants; D010641:Phenotype; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D059467:Transcriptome; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D002752:Chlorthalidone
keywords: blood pressure; genomics; hypertension; pharmacogenetics; transcriptome