title: Nurse manager and student nurse perceptions of the use of personal smartphones or tablets and the adjunct applications, as an educational tool in clinical settings.
abstract: Personally owned handheld referencing technology such as smartphones or tablets, and the adjunct applications (apps) that can be used on them, are becoming a part of everyday life for the New Zealand population. In common with the population at large, student nurses have embraced this technology since the advent of the Apple iPhone in 2010. Little is known internationally or in New Zealand about the way student nurses may apply personally owned handheld referencing technology to their education process. The perceptions of New Zealand nurse managers, toward personally owned handheld referencing technology, could not be located. Using a qualitative descriptive methodology, semi structured interviews were conducted with New Zealand student nurses (n = 13), and nurse managers (n = 5) about their perceptions of use of personally owned handheld referencing technology as an educational tool in clinical settings. A thematic analysis was conducted on the resulting text. Student nurses said they wanted to use their own handheld referencing technology to support clinical decisions. Nurse managers perceived the use of personally owned handheld referencing technology as unprofessional, and do not trust younger cohorts of student nurses to act ethically when using this technology. This research supports historical research findings from the student perspective about the usefulness of older hand held referencing devices to augment clinical decisions. However, due to perceptions held by nurse mangers regarding professional behaviour, safety and the perceived institutional costs of managing personally owned handheld referencing technology, the practice may remain problematic in the studied setting.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Northtec Raumunga Road, Whangarei, New Zealand; School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Grafton Road, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: gmcnally@nothtec.ac.nz.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McNally
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Northtec Raumunga Road, Whangarei, New Zealand; School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Grafton Road, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: rfrey@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frey
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Northtec Raumunga Road, Whangarei, New Zealand; School of Nursing, University of Auckland, Grafton Road, Auckland, New Zealand. Electronic address: m.crossan@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crossan
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D004506:Education, Nursing; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D063731:Mobile Applications; D009520:New Zealand; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology*; D000068616:Professionalism; D036301:Qualitative Research; D000068997:Smartphone; D013338:Students, Nursing / Q000523:psychology*
keywords: Nursing education; Personally owned handheld referencing technology; Smartphone; Undergraduate student nurses information technology