title: Assessment of environmental loads of Cu and Zn from intensive inland shrimp aquaculture.
abstract: An experiment was developed to simulate inland shrimp farming using diluted seawater (1.9 g L-1) containing 75 shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) per square meter during a growth cycle of 120 days. In this study, the environmental loads of copper and zinc were estimated and compared to anthropogenic sources and shrimp aquacultures in other locations. Both metals resulted primarily from feeding, which accounted for 91.8% of Cu and 97.0% of Zn. Concentrations of Cu (110.8 ± 11.8 μg g-1) and Zn (69.0 ± 0.7 μg g-1) measured in the harvested shrimp had higher Cu and lower Zn concentrations compared to those reported for farmed shrimp from Brazil and Mexico. Clearly, organic sludge was the main route of removal for both metals (Cu 46.2%; Zn 92.6%). The annual environmental loads estimated for inland shrimp aquaculture were 598 ± 74 g Cu ha-1and 5080 ± 328 g Zn ha-1.
authors.affiliation: Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Colegio de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Boulevard San Ángel s/n, Fraccionamiento San Benito, Predio Las Coloradas, 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: León-Cañedo
authors.affiliation: Posgrado en Ciencias en Recursos Acuáticos, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Av. de los Deportes s/n Ciudad Universitaria, 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Silvas
authors.affiliation: Posgrado en Ciencias Agropecuarias, Colegio de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Boulevard San Ángel s/n, Fraccionamiento San Benito, Predio Las Coloradas, 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fierro-Sañudo
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Benito Juárez, Universidad Estatal de Sonora, Fraternidad, Centro s/n, 85294, Villa Juárez, Sonora, México.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mariscal-Lagarda
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Km. 17.5, Carretera Culiacán-El Dorado, 80000, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Díaz-Valdés
authors.affiliation: Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Joel Montes Camarena s/n, 82040, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, México. paezos@ola.icmyl.unam.mx.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Páez-Osuna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture; D001938:Brazil; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008800:Mexico; D033561:Penaeidae / Q000737:chemistry*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D060753:Water Quality; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc
keywords: Copper; Environmental load; Gulf of California; Litopenaeus vannamei; Shrimp farming; Zinc