title: Presence of Alcohol, Cocaine, and Other Drugs in Suicide and Motor Vehicle Crash Decedents Ages 18 to 54.
abstract: Use of alcohol and select other drugs confer risk for injury deaths, yet how such use compares in different types of injury deaths including suicide and fatal motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) is unclear.
  
  
  
  Individuals in New Mexico ages 18 to 54 that died in 2012 by suicide or MVC were analyzed. Toxicology results were used to code the presence of alcohol and the presence of 1 or more drugs including cocaine, opiate (oxycodone, heroin, etc.), or amphetamine or methamphetamine, yielding a 4-category variable: Alcohol + Drug, Alcohol (without drug), Drug (without alcohol), and Neither (ref). Suicides were compared to MVCs (ref) using unconditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, and ethnicity. Poisoning suicides were removed prior to analyses to exclude cases where the drugs may have been used to hasten death.
  
  
  
  Analyses were based on 185 suicides and 161 MVCs. Alcohol + Drug was more likely in suicide decedents, AOR (95% CI) = 4.33 (1.70, 11.03). Alcohol (without drug) and Drug (without alcohol) did not differ between the groups. Uniquely, all suicides that were positive for cocaine were also positive for alcohol. As follow-up, similar results were obtained in a post hoc analysis that limited the drug exposure variable to cocaine: Alcohol + Cocaine, AOR (95% CI) = 4.69 (1.59, 13.88).
  
  
  
  The co-presence of alcohol and 1 or more drugs of abuse, particularly cocaine, may be more likely in suicide deaths compared to MVCs. Results may inform prevention efforts targeting specific substances and types of injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.affiliation: New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lathrop
authors.affiliation: Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Oakland, California.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wiegand
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaukeinen
authors.affiliation: New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
authors.forename: Kurt B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Nolte
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood; D003042:Cocaine / Q000097:blood*; D016208:Databases, Factual; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids / Q000097:blood; D013405:Suicide; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D053610:Opiate Alkaloids; D000431:Ethanol; D003042:Cocaine
keywords: Alcohol; Cocaine; Injury; Suicide