title: Transcriptional Regulation of Antiviral Interferon-Stimulated Genes.
abstract: Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) are a group of gene products that coordinately combat pathogen invasions, in particular viral infections. Transcription of ISGs occurs rapidly upon pathogen invasion, and this is classically provoked via activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, mainly by interferons (IFNs). However, a plethora of recent studies have reported a variety of non-canonical mechanisms regulating ISG transcription. These new studies are extremely important for understanding the quantitative and temporal differences in ISG transcription under specific circumstances. Because these canonical and non-canonical regulatory mechanisms are essential for defining the nature of host defense and associated detrimental proinflammatory effects, we comprehensively review the state of this rapidly evolving field and the clinical implications of recently acquired knowledge in this respect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wenshi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, PR China.
authors.forename: Junhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Maikel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Peppelenbosch
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: q.pan@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Qiuwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Pan
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D054884:Host-Pathogen Interactions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D007372:Interferons / Q000235:genetics*; D053612:Janus Kinases / Q000276:immunology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons; D053612:Janus Kinases
keywords: IFN; ISG; transcription