title: Comparison of activated charcoal and sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin efficiency on reduction of amitriptyline oral absorption in rat as treatments for overdose and toxicities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Comparativein vivostudies were carried out to determine the adsorption characteristics of amitriptyline (AMT) on activated charcoal (AC) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS). AC has been long used as gastric decontamination agent for tricyclic antidepressants and SPS has showed to be highly effective onin-vitrodrugs adsorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six groups. Group I: control, group II: AMT 200 mg/kg as single dose orally, group III and IV: AC 1g/kg as single dose orally 5 and 30 min after AMT administration respectively, and group 5 and 6: SPS 1 g/kg as single dose orally 5 and 30 min after AMT administration, respectively. 60 min after oral administration of AMT (Tmaxof AMT determined in rats), Cmaxplasma levels were determined by a validated GC-Mass method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cmaxvalues for groups II to IV were determined as 1.1, 0.5, 0.6, 0.1 and 0.3 µg/ml, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AC and SPS could significantly reduce Cmaxof AMT when administrated either 5 or 30 min after AMT overdose (P<0.05). However, SPS showed to be more effective than AC in reducing Cmaxwhen was administrated immediately (5 min) after AMT overdose. The results suggest a more efficient alternative to AC for AMT and probably other TCA overdoses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Gholamhossein
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yousefi
authors.affiliation: International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bizhani
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Akram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jamshidzadeh
authors.affiliation: Fars Legal Medicine Organization, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gholamzadeh
keywords: Activated charcoal; Amitriptyline; Poisoning; Sodium polstyrene – sulfonate