title: Ginger Extract-Loaded Solid Dispersion System with Enhanced Oral Absorption and Antihypothermic Action.
abstract: The aim of this study is to enhance the antihypothermic action of ginger extract (GE) employing a solid dispersion (SD) approach. The prepared SD of GE (GE/SD) was characterized in terms of physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. The antihypothermic action of GE samples was evaluated in a rat model of hypothermia. GE/SD exhibited improved dissolution behavior of the major active ingredients in GE, 6-gingerol (6G) and 8-gingerol (8G), with levels of dissolution 12- and 31-fold higher than that of GE, respectively. Even after storage under accelerated conditions, limited degradations of 6G and 8G were observed in GE/SD, although 6G and 8G were slightly degraded in GE. After oral administration of GE (300 mg/kg) and GE/SD (100 mg of GE/kg), the relative bioavailabilities of 6G and 8G in GE/SD were 5.0- and 5.8-fold higher than those in GE, respectively. Orally administered GE/SD (30 mg of GE/kg) inhibited ethanol-evoked hypothermia because of improved oral absorption of 6G and 8G. From these observations, the SD approach might be efficacious for enhancing the nutraceutical potentials of GE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5155-2003
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Mizuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yakushiji
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.affiliation: Japan Preventive Medical Laboratory Company, Ltd. , 3-6-36 Toyoda, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8027, Japan.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Shiokawa
authors.affiliation: Japan Preventive Medical Laboratory Company, Ltd. , 3-6-36 Toyoda, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8027, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Satomi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onoue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001831:Body Temperature; D002396:Catechols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004355:Drug Stability; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007845:gingerol
keywords: antihypothermic action; ginger extract; oral absorption; physicochemical stability; solid dispersion