title: Earthquake Damage Visualization (EDV) Technique for the Rapid Detection of Earthquake-Induced Damages Using SAR Data.
abstract: The damage of buildings and manmade structures, where most of human activities occur, is the major cause of casualties of from earthquakes. In this paper, an improved technique, Earthquake Damage Visualization (EDV) is presented for the rapid detection of earthquake damage using the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The EDV is based on the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherence change method. The normalized difference between the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherences, and vice versa, are used to calculate the forward (from pre-seismic to co-seismic) and backward (from co-seismic to pre-seismic) change parameters, respectively. The backward change parameter is added to visualize the retrospective changes caused by factors other than the earthquake. The third change-free parameter uses the average values of the pre-seismic and co-seismic coherence maps. These three change parameters were ultimately merged into the EDV as an RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) composite imagery. The EDV could visualize the earthquake damage efficiently using Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive (HH), and Horizontal transmit and Vertical receive (HV) polarizations data from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2). Its performance was evaluated in the Kathmandu Valley, which was hit severely by the 2015 Nepal Earthquake. The cross-validation results showed that the EDV is more sensitive to the damaged buildings than the existing method. The EDV could be used for building damage detection in other earthquakes as well.
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. ramcsharma01@gmail.com.|Department of Informatics, Tokyo University of Information Sciences, 4-1 Onaridai, Wakaba-ku, Chiba 265-8501, Japan. ramcsharma01@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Ram C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. tateishi@faculty.chiba-u.jp.
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Informatics, Tokyo University of Information Sciences, 4-1 Onaridai, Wakaba-ku, Chiba 265-8501, Japan. hara@rsch.tuis.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Keitarou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. hoanrs@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hoan Thanh
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.affiliation: Center for Environmental Remote Sensing (CEReS), Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan. sgharachelo@gmail.com.|Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran. sgharachelo@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gharechelou
authors.affiliation: Space Technology Institute, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Str., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi 10000, Vietnam. nvluong@sti.vast.vn.
authors.forename: Luong Viet
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
keywords: 2015 Nepal Earthquake; ALOS-2; EDV; SAR; buildings; coherence; cross-validation; earthquake damage; visualization