title: Penile transplantation: an emerging option for genitourinary reconstruction.
abstract: Penile transplantation is an emerging option for patients with severe genital defects not amenable to traditional reconstructive options. In this article, we discuss the burgeoning problem of severe male genitourinary trauma in the military, the limitations of traditional reconstructive options in addressing these problems, and the potential for penile transplantation to provide improved outcomes. We also review the preclinical research and limited worldwide experience with penile transplantation to date, including lessons learned, and discuss the many important technical, logistical, and ethical considerations pertaining to penile transplantation that must be addressed to maximize the likelihood of successful implementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Sami H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tuffaha
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Damon S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Nikolai A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Sopko
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Trinity J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bivalacqua
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Denver M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lough
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Carisa M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cooney
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brandacher
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Wei-Ping Andrew
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Redett
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000502:physiology; D000067398:War-Related Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D000093667:Penile Transplantation
keywords: penile defects; penile transplant; reconstructive surgical procedures; vascularized composite allotransplantation