title: Titanium alloy modified with anti-biofouling zwitterionic polymer to facilitate formation of bio-mineral layer.
abstract: The surface of a titanium (Ti) alloy was modified with a self-assembled monolayer of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate phosphate (Phosmer PE). A zwitterionic monomer (carboxymethyl betaine, CMB) could be copolymerized with the surface-bound Phosmer PE due to a flexible linker between the Ti alloy surface and a methacryloyl group of Phosmer PE. The poly(CMB) (PCMB)-modified Ti alloy plate exhibited strong suppression of protein adsorption and cell adhesion, and induced approximately twice the amount of calcium (Ca2+) deposition as compared to the unmodified Ti alloy plate. The zwitterionic polymer-modified surfaces not only showed enhanced mineralization clusters creation and growth, but they were also highly non-responsive to biologically derived materials such as proteins and cells. Therefore, it is possible to easily form highly pure and rigid hydroxyapatite layers on Ti alloy surfaces without the incorporation of organic molecules such as proteins. The present surface modification technique and strategy can be applied to implantable orthopedic materials as a means of encouraging integration with host tissues, such as the thigh bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Miku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Graduate School of Innovative Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Frontier Research Core for Life Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. Electronic address: nakaji@eng.u-toyama.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakaji-Hirabayashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Institute for Polymer-Water Interfaces, 84 Fukujima, Yatsuo, Toyama 939-2376, Japan. Electronic address: kitano443116@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: R & D Laboratory, Osaka Organic Chemical Industries, Kashiwara 582-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saruwatari
authors.affiliation: R & D Laboratory, Osaka Organic Chemical Industries, Kashiwara 582-0020, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D001622:Betaine / Q000737:chemistry; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D057219:Biofouling / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; D001622:Betaine; D014025:Titanium
keywords: Calcium apatite; Flexible linker; Mineralization; Ti alloy plate; Zwitterionic polymer layer