title: Fracture liaison services: improving outcomes for patients with osteoporosis.
abstract: Fragility fractures are sentinels of osteoporosis, and as such all patients with low-trauma fractures should be considered for further investigation for osteoporosis and, if confirmed, started on osteoporosis medication. Fracture liaison services (FLSs) with varying models of care are in place to take responsibility for this investigative and treatment process. This review aims to describe outcomes for patients with osteoporotic fragility fractures as part of FLSs. The most intensive service that includes identification, assessment and treatment of patients appears to deliver the best outcomes. This FLS model is associated with reduction in re-fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.18-0.67 over 2-4 years), reduced mortality (HR 0.65 over 2 years), increased assessment of bone mineral density (relative risk [RR] 2-3), increased treatment initiation (RR 1.5-4.25) and adherence to treatment (65%-88% at 1 year) and is cost-effective. In response to this evidence, key organizations and stakeholders have published guidance and framework to ensure that best practice in FLSs is delivered.
authors.affiliation: East Midlands Major Trauma Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham.
authors.forename: Tanvir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.affiliation: Department for Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust; Division of Rehabilitation and Ageing, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.affiliation: Department for Healthcare of Older People, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust.
authors.forename: Opinder
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sahota
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D006801:Humans; D058866:Osteoporotic Fractures / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: aged; fall; fracture liaison service; fractures; osteoporosis