title: 3D-Printed Bioactive Ca3SiO5Bone Cement Scaffolds with Nano Surface Structure for Bone Regeneration.
abstract: Silicate bioactive materials have been widely studied for bone regeneration because of their eminent physicochemical properties and outstanding osteogenic bioactivity, and different methods have been developed to prepare porous silicate bioactive ceramics scaffolds for bone-tissue engineering applications. Among all of these methods, the 3D-printing technique is obviously the most efficient way to control the porous structure. However, 3D-printed bioceramic porous scaffolds need high-temperature sintering, which will cause volume shrinkage and reduce the controllability of the pore structure accuracy. Unlike silicate bioceramic, bioactive silicate cements such as tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5and C3S) can be self-set in water to obtain high mechanical strength under mild conditions. Another advantage of using C3S to prepare 3D scaffolds is the possibility of simultaneous drug loading. Herein, we, for the first time, demonstrated successful preparation of uniform 3D-printed C3S bone cement scaffolds with controllable 3D structure at room temperature. The scaffolds were loaded with two model drugs and showed a loading location controllable drug-release profile. In addition, we developed a surface modification process to create controllable nanotopography on the surface of pore wall of the scaffolds, which showed activity to enhance rat bone-marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) attachment, spreading, and ALP activities. The in vivo experiments revealed that the 3D-printed C3S bone cement scaffolds with nanoneedle-structured surfaces significantly improved bone regeneration, as compared to pure C3S bone cement scaffolds, suggesting that 3D-printed C3S bone cement scaffolds with controllable nanotopography surface are bioactive implantable biomaterials for bone repair.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoya
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: Xuhui District Central Hospital , 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Haibo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Zhiguang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huan
authors.affiliation: Xuhui District Central Hospital , 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Chengtie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
authors.forename: Jiang
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-6541
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001843:Bone Cements; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D017640:Silicates; C506393:tricalcium silicate
keywords: 3D printing; bone formation; drug loading; nanotopography; osteogenesis; scaffold; tricalcium silicate cement