title: Relationship between the hippocampal shape abnormality and serum cortisol levels in first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder patients.
abstract: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the hippocampal shape deformations and the serum cortisol levels in first-episode and drug-naïve major depression disorder (MDD) patients.
  
  
  
  Thirty first-episode and drug-naïve MDD patients and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. High-resolution T1-weighted imaging and morning blood samples for cortisol measurement were obtained from all MDD patients and healthy subjects. In the hippocampal shape analysis, we compared the hippocampal shape between MDD patients and healthy subjects and evaluated the linear correlation between hippocampal shape deformations and the serum cortisol levels in MDD patients and healthy subjects.
  
  
  
  MDD patients showed significant inward deformations predominantly in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 and subiculum in bilateral hippocampi compared to healthy subjects (false discovery rate (FDR) corrected, P < .05). Furthermore, in MDD patients, a significant linear correlation between inward deformations and high cortisol levels were found predominantly in the CA1 and subiculum, extending into the CA2-3 (FDR-corrected, P < .05), whereas no significant linear correlation was observed in healthy subjects.
  
  
  
  The serum cortisol levels are therefore considered to be associated with hippocampal shape abnormalities in MDD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Rieko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kakeda
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Keita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.|Medical imaging center, 1st Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Xiaodan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Asuka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Wakako
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Umeno-Nakano
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korogi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: cortisol; hippocampal shape analysis; hippocampal subfields; hippocampus; major depressive disorders