title: Conflict of Interest in Seminal Hepatitis C Virus and Cholesterol Management Guidelines.
abstract: Little is known regarding whether Institute of Medicine (IOM) standards for managing conflicts of interest (COI) have been met in the development of recent important clinical guidelines.
  
  
  
  To evaluate adherence to the IOM standards for limits on commercial COI, guideline development, and evaluation of evidence by the 2013 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association cholesterol management guideline and the 2014 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and Infectious Diseases Society of America hepatitis C virus management guideline.
  
  
  
  This study was a retrospective document review of the June 2014 print version of the cholesterol guideline and the final September 2015 print version of the hepatitis C virus guideline. Each guideline was assessed for adherence to the IOM standards for commercial COI published in the 2011 special report Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust.
  
  
  
  The IOM standards call for no commercial COI among guideline committee chairs and cochairs and for less than 50% of committee members to have commercial COI. Guideline and contemporaneous article disclosure statements were used to evaluate adherence to these standards. Each guideline was also reviewed for adherence to other IOM standards for guideline development and evidence review.
  
  
  
  Among the 16 cholesterol guideline committee members, 7 (44%) disclosed commercial COI, all 7 reported industry-sponsored research, and 6 (38%) also reported consultancy. Of 3 guideline chairs and cochairs, 1 (33%) disclosed commercial COI. Review of contemporaneous articles identified additional commercial COI. Among the 29 hepatitis C virus guideline committee members, 21 (72%) reported commercial COI. Eighteen (62%) disclosed industry-sponsored research, 10 (34%) served on advisory boards, 5 (17%) served on data safety monitoring boards, 3 (10%) were consultants, and 3 (10%) reported other honoraria. Of 6 guideline cochairs, 4 (67%) disclosed commercial COI. All 4 disclosed additional COI in other publications that were not listed in their guideline disclosures. Contemporaneous literature review revealed an additional cochair with commercial COI. Of the 9 IOM guideline development and evidence standards, the cholesterol guideline met 5 (56%), and the hepatitis C virus guideline met them all.
  
  
  
  Neither the cholesterol guideline nor the hepatitis C virus guideline fully met the IOM standards for commercial COI management, and discordance between committee leader guideline disclosures and those in contemporaneous articles was common. Adherence to additional IOM standards for guideline development and evidence review was mixed. Adoption of consistent COI frameworks across specialty societies may help ensure that clinical guidelines are developed in a transparent and trustworthy manner.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center, Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: Akilah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.affiliation: Clinical Center, Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland2Institute for Clinical and Economic Review, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D016265:Conflict of Interest; D030881:Disclosure; D019468:Disease Management; D005378:Financial Support / Q000941:ethics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000628:therapy*; D015969:National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division / Q000458:organization & administration; D011050:Policy Making; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States