title: Construct validation of emotional labor scale for a sample of Pakistani corporate employees.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To translate, adapt and validate emotional labour scale for Pakistani corporate employees.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in locale of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from October 2014 to December 2015, and comprised customer service employees of commercial banks and telecommunication companies. It comprised of two independent parts. Part one had two steps. Step one involved translation and adaptation of the instrument. In the second step psychometric properties of the translated scale were established by administering it to customer services employees from commercial banks and the telecommunication sector. Data of the pilot study was analysed by using exploratory factor analysis to extract the initial factor of emotional labour. Part two comprised the main study. Commercial bank employees were included in the sample by using convenient sampling technique. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 145 participants in the first study and 495 in the second study . Exploratory factor analysis initially generated three-factor model of emotional labour which was further confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis suggesting that emotional labour had three distinct dimensions, i.e. surface acting, deep acting and genuine expressions of emotions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emotional labour scale was found to be a valid and reliable measure.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychology (NIP) , Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Psychology (NIP) , Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
mesh_terms: D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009790:Occupations; D010154:Pakistan; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*
keywords: Emotional labour, Surface acting, Deep acting, Genuine expression of emotions, Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis.