title: [10]-Gingerol Reverts Malignant Phenotype of Breast Cancer Cells in 3D Culture.
abstract: Breast cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease. Tumors have a heterogeneous microenvironment, which have multiple interactions with other cell types, greatly influencing the behavior of tumor cells and response to therapy. The 3D culture mimics the microenvironment better found in vivo and is more appropriated than the traditional 2D culture made from plastic to test the cellular response to drugs. To investigate the effects of [10]-gingerol on breast tumor cells, we used physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) cultures of malignant and non-malignant human breast cells grown in laminin-rich extracellular matrix gels (lr-ECM). Our results showed selective cytotoxicity of [10]-gingerol against the malignant T4-2 breast cancer cell line compared to non-malignant S1 cells. The compound reverted the malignant phenotype of the cancer cells, downregulating the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and β1-integrin. Moreover, [10]-gingerol induced apoptosis in this cell line. These results suggest that [10]-gingerol may be an effective compound to use as adjuvant therapy in breast cancer treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2693-2699, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Angelina M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fuzer
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.
authors.forename: Joni D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mott
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcia R
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6385-7392
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cominetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006139:Guaiacol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C000589423:(10)-gingerdiol; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D019012:Integrin beta1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D006139:Guaiacol; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors
keywords: 3D CULTURE; BREAST CANCER; LAMININ-RICH EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; MICROENVIRONMENT; NATURAL PRODUCTS; [10]-GINGEROL