title: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Modulation during Metabolic Diseases and Cancers: Master and Minions.
abstract: The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases) has increased in the last decade, in both industrialized and developing countries. This also coincided with our observation of a similar increase in the prevalence of cancers. The aetiology of these diseases is very complex and involves genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Much evidence indicates the central role undertaken by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the development of these disorders. Due to the fact that their ligands could become crucial in future target-therapies, PPARs have therefore become the focal point of much research. Based on this evidence, this narrative review was written with the purpose of outlining the effects of PPARs, their actions, and their prospective uses in metabolic diseases and cancers.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ''G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore Giovanni
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6871-6097
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ''G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio Simone
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1543-2802
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Laganà
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nigro
authors.affiliation: Unit of Psychodiagnostics and Clinical Psychology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina Lucia
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: La Rosa
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Agnese Maria Chiara
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rapisarda
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7113-2372
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Vignera
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine-CRAMD (Research Centre of Motor Activity and Metabolic Rehabilitation in Diabetes), University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosita Angela
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Condorelli
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ''G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corrado
authors.affiliation: Unit of Diabetology and Endocrino-Metabolic Diseases, Hospital for Emergency Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buscema
authors.affiliation: Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood ''G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-4655-5071
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Anna