title: Marine Antifreeze Proteins: Structure, Function, and Application to Cryopreservation as a Potential Cryoprotectant.
abstract: Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biological antifreezes with unique properties, including thermal hysteresis(TH),ice recrystallization inhibition(IRI),and interaction with membranes and/or membrane proteins. These properties have been utilized in the preservation of biological samples at low temperatures. Here, we review the structure and function of marine-derived AFPs, including moderately active ﬁsh AFPs and hyperactive polar AFPs. We also survey previous and current reports of cryopreservation using AFPs. Cryopreserved biological samples are relatively diverse ranging from diatoms and reproductive cells to embryos and organs. Cryopreserved biological samples mainly originate from mammals. Most cryopreservation trials using marine-derived AFPs have demonstrated that addition of AFPs can improve post-thaw viability regardless of freezing method (slow-freezing or vitriﬁcation), storage temperature, and types of biological sample type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea. kimhj@pknu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hak Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea. junhyucklee@kopri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Jun Hyuck
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Tidal Flat Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54014, Korea. hur0100@korea.kr.
authors.forename: Young Baek
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.affiliation: Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea. justay@kopri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Chang Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Unit of Polar Genomics, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea. psh@kopri.re.kr.
authors.forename: Sun-Ha
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea. 89guti14@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Bon-Won
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021301:Antifreeze Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D059001:Aquatic Organisms / Q000378:metabolism*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods; D005615:Freezing; D007053:Ice; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D021301:Antifreeze Proteins; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D007053:Ice
keywords: antifreeze proteins; cryoprotectant; ice recrystallization inhibition; ice-binding proteins; slow-freezing; vitriﬁcation