title: Reexamining the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Parents of Young Children in a Sample of Children Using Insulin Pumps.
abstract: We update the psychometric properties of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-Parents of Young Children (HFS-PYC), a 26-item measure of parents' hypoglycemia fear for young children using an insulin pump.
  
  
  
  We combined three similar datasets for the analyses. The data analyzed included parents' responses to the HFS-PYC and a demographic form. For a subset of children (n = 91), we also analyzed self-monitoring of blood glucose data. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to confirm the measure's original factor structure. Additional analyses examined reliability and validity of a revised HFS-PYC for parents of young children using pumps.
  
  
  
  We analyzed data from 116 parents (93% mothers). Mean child age and HbA1c were 5.2 ± 1.3 years and 8.2% ± 1.1%, respectively. CFA identified a 22-item two-factor solution (χ2(208, n = 116) = 368.688, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08, comparative fit index = 0.94, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.93) with factors corresponding to the original subscales: worry and behavior. The revised subscales demonstrated at least adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha >0.65). Correlations revealed significant negative associations between current HFS-PYC worry scores and children's mean daily blood glucose and percent of very high glucose levels per day, suggesting less fear among parents of young children with elevated glycemic levels. In addition, there was a positive association with the percent of glucose levels in target, suggesting greater hypoglycemia fear among parents of children who have better control.
  
  
  
  Results provide preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of a reduced 22-item HFS-PYC for parents of children using insulin pumps.
authors.affiliation: 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas.|2 Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition , Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Susana R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition , Kansas City, Missouri.|3 Department of Clinical Child Psychology, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas.
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Noser
authors.affiliation: 2 Center for Children's Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition , Kansas City, Missouri.|4 Division of Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.affiliation: 5 Divsion of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.affiliation: 6 Division of Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D005239:Fear / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin
keywords: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; Hypoglycemia; Insulin pumps; Pediatrics; Type 1 diabetes