title: Tool for Screening Visual Acuity in Older Individuals With Dementia.
abstract: Rationale/Objective: To develop a screening and referral algorithm tool to help identify which older institutionalized individuals with dementia need an eye examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  The visual acuity (VA) screening test was developed on an iPad retina display. Three optotypes were used (letters, numbers, and tumbling E's) to determine whether one works best with dementia. The screening VA results and algorithm decision were validated against those obtained by an optometrist performing a complete eye examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 150 participants, 14.7% did not respond to any optotype, while 85.3% responded to letters, 84.0% to numbers, and 66.0% to tumbling E's. The VA achieved was superior for letters. The concordance for the screening versus eye examination was >80% for VA and 90% for the algorithm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the tool was successful at identifying older individuals with dementia needing an eye examination.
authors.affiliation: 1 École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kergoat
authors.affiliation: 1 École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Law
authors.affiliation: 1 École d'optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|2 Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Estefania
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chriqui
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|3 Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|4 Centre de recherche InterActions, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Bernard-Simon
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.affiliation: 2 Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.|5 Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Marie-Jeanne
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kergoat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007326:Institutionalization; D008297:Male; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: dementia; eye examination; long-term care facilities; screening tool; visual acuity