title: Psychosocial difficulties in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: The aim of this study was to report the most frequent psychosocial difficulties (PSDs) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), to explore the relationship between PSDs, disability and quality of life (QoL), and to address the predictors of PSDs. Patients with PD were interviewed using a protocol composed of a questionnaire investigating PSDs (PARADISE 24), QoL, disability, comorbidity, and social support questionnaires, scales on resilience, personality traits, and empathy in physician. Most frequent PSDs were reported. Spearman's correlation was used to address the relationship between PARADISE 24 and QoL and disability measures. Multiple linear regression was performed to investigate predictors of PARADISE 24. Eighty patients were enrolled: 40% women, mean age 61.2 years. The most frequent PSDs were related to cognitive and motor slowness, tiredness, sleeping, facing all things to do, depressive mood, and anxiety. PARADISE 24 were correlated with disability (ρ=0.831) and QoL (ρ=-0.685). Lower QoL, higher disability, early age at onset, and shorter disease duration were significant predictors of PSDs (adjusted R=0.762). PARADISE 24 is an easy to use questionnaire that could contribute toward describing the impact of PD on patients' life more extensively, thus helping to define more tailored interventions.
authors.affiliation: aScientific Directorate, Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit bDepartment of Neurology VII - Clinical and Experimental Epileptology Unit cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Radiotherapy Unit dDepartment of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases eDepartment of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation fDepartment of Psychology, e-Campus University, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schiavolin
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raggi
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quintas
authors.forename: Milda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cerniauskaite
authors.forename: Ambra M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Giovannetti
authors.forename: Venusia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Covelli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Romito
authors.forename: Antonio E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Elia
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carella
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soliveri
authors.forename: Matilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leonardi
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support