title: Association between Genetic Variants of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Susceptibility of Pneumoconiosis: A Meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and gene variants have been extensively studied in various human diseases. For example, TGF-β1 polymorphisms were associated with fibrosis and pneumoconiosis, but the data remained controversial. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between TGF-β1 -509 C>T [rs1800469], +869 T>C [rs1800470], and +915 G>C [rs1800471] polymorphisms and pneumoconiosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature search was conducted through searching in PubMed, Embase, the Chinese Biomedical Database, and the Wei Pu (Chinese) Database by the end of April 2016. Eleven publications with 21 studies were included in this meta-analysis, covering a total of 4333 patients with pneumoconiosis and 3478 controls. Study quality was assessed, and heterogeneity and publication bias were measured. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 12.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA) software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data showed significant associations between TGF-β1 -509 C>T polymorphism and the risk of pneumoconiosis development (T vs. C, odds ratio [OR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00-1.81, P = 0.046); between TGF-β1 +915 G>C polymorphism and the pneumoconiosis risk (C vs. G, OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19-2.40, P = 0.004; CG vs. GG, OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.23-2.60, P = 0.002; CC+CG vs. GG, OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.24-2.61, P = 0.002). In addition, the subgroup analysis of ethnicity versus pneumoconiosis types indicated a significant association of silicosis among Asian populations but not that of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in Caucasian populations. In contrast, no significant association was exhibited between TGF-β1 +869 T>C polymorphism and risk of pneumoconiosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphisms of both TGF-β1 -509 C>T and +915 G>C are associated with increased risk of pneumoconiosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433; Department of Cell Biology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
authors.forename: Chang-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Xing-Xing
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jin-Huan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433; Department of Respiratory, Haining People's Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314400, China.
authors.forename: Li-Fei
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Lan
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000235:genetics*; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1