title: Adverse event due to a likely interaction between sodium aescinate and ginkgo biloba extract: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is potentially lethal. When sodium aescinate is given to surgical inpatients to treat postoperative inflammation and oedema, adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions must be closely monitored.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of a 58-year-old man with phalangeal fractures who suffered from acute kidney injury that was most likely induced by the drug interaction between sodium aescinate and ginkgo biloba extract due to the protein-binding and metabolic characteristics of these drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Close monitoring and the prompt discontinuation of drugs that have high protein-binding capacity and hepatic metabolism are necessary to avoid drug-drug interactions in patients who are treated with sodium aescinate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Vocational Institute of Health Sciences, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Jiangsu, China.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced*; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 / Q000502:physiology; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A / Q000502:physiology; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011485:Protein Binding; D012503:Saponins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C584713:sodium aescinate; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
keywords: adverse effect; drug-drug interactions; metabolism