title: Predictors of willingness to use a smartphone for research in underserved persons living with HIV.
abstract: The burden of HIV/AIDS is borne disproportionally by a growing number of racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals. Developing mHealth interventions for the everyday self-management needs of persons living with HIV (PLWH) can be challenging given the current constraints of the U.S. healthcare system, especially for those from underserved communities. In order to develop effective, evidence-based mHealth self-management interventions, we need a better understanding of the factors associated with mHealth research. The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with PLWH's for participation in research using smartphones.
  
  
  
  We conducted a prospective cohort study (parent study) to examine the relationships among HIV self-management, age, gender and mental wellness. Relevant to this study, we analyzed the relationship between self-reported use of smartphones, willingness to use a smartphone for research, and other predictor variables including: HIV stigma, social isolation, social integration functions, and depression. We selected these variables because previous work indicated they may influence smartphone or mHealth use and because they also tend to be elevated in PLWH.
  
  
  
  We found increased age, HIV stigma and social isolation were negatively associated with smartphone use, which supports the use of smartphones for conducting research with PLWH but also suggests that age, stigma, social integration functions and social isolation need to be considered in research involving PLWH.
  
  
  
  Findings here support smartphone use in research involving PLWH. However, future mHealth interventions targeting PLWH should take into account the inverse relationship between smartphone use and age, HIV stigma, and social isolation, and other predictor variables.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: rb897@columbia.edu.
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.affiliation: Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hwayoung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Case Western Reserve University, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Allison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webel
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D035843:Biomedical Research; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D063731:Mobile Applications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012648:Self Care; D000068997:Smartphone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D057545:Social Stigma; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: Persons living with HIV; Self-management; Smartphone use; Stigma; mHealth