title: Persistent neuropsychiatric impairment in HCV patients despite clearance of the virus?!
abstract: One of the most disabling symptoms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is chronic fatigue. While this is accepted for HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive patients, a relationship between HCV infection and chronic fatigue is questioned after successful virus eradication. As fatigue is a subjective criterion, we aimed to evaluate in addition mood alterations and cognitive function in HCV-exposed patients with only mild liver disease and to assess a) possible interrelationships between these factors and health-related quality of life and b) the impact of viremia and former interferon treatment. One hundred and fifty-nine anti-HCV-positive individuals without advanced liver disease answered health-related quality of life (HRQoL), fatigue and depression questionnaires and underwent a battery of attention and memory tests. Accompanying diseases which could distort the results of the study such as HIV co-infection or drug addiction were exclusion criteria. The patients were subdivided into four groups according to their viremia status and interferon treatment history. Patients' data were evaluated with respect to norms given in the respective test manuals and in addition compared to those of 33 age-matched healthy controls. Eighty-five per cent of the patients had chronic fatigue, 50-60% mild depression or anxiety, 45% memory deficits and 30% attention deficits, irrespective of their HCV viremia status or treatment history. HRQoL correlated negatively with chronic fatigue (P<.001), while cognitive deficits-especially memory function-were independent from fatigue and depression. HCV infection may cause long-standing cerebral dysfunction that significantly impairs HRQoL and may even persist after clearance of the virus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dirks
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pflugrad
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tillmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wedemeyer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arvanitis
authors.affiliation: Department of Biometrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tountopoulou
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldbecker
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Worthmann
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-1157-8938
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Weissenborn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D000072230:Sustained Virologic Response; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007372:Interferons
keywords: SF-36; chronic fatigue syndrome; cognitive dysfunction; health-related quality of live; hepatitis C