title: Kartogenin with PRP promotes the formation of fibrocartilage zone in the tendon-bone interface.
abstract: Treatment of tendon-bone junction injuries is a challenge because tendon-bone interface often heals poorly and the fibrocartilage zone, which reduces stress concentration, at the interface is not formed. In this study, we used a compound called kartogenin (KGN) with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to induce the formation of fibrocartilage zone in a rat tendon graft-bone tunnel model. The experimental rats received KGN-PRP or PRP injections in the tendon graft-bone tunnel interface. The control group received saline. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks, Safranin O staining of the tendon graft-bone tunnels revealed abundant proteoglycans in the KGN-PRP group indicating the formation of cartilage-like transition zone. Immunohistochemical and immuno-fluorescence staining revealed collagen types I (Col-I) and II (Col-II) in the newly formed fibrocartilage zone. Both fibrocartilage zone formation and maturation were healing time dependent. In contrast, the PRP and saline control groups had no cartilage-like tissues and minimal Col-I and Col-II staining. Some gaps were also present in the saline control group. Finally, pull-out strength in the KGN-PRP-treated group at 8 weeks was 1.4-fold higher than the PRP-treated group and 1.6-fold higher than the saline control group. These findings indicate that KGN, with PRP as a carrier, promotes the formation of fibrocartilage zone between the tendon graft and bone interface. Thus, KGN-PRP may be used as a convenient cell-free therapy in clinics to promote fibrocartilage zone formation in rotator calf repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, thereby enhancing the mechanical strength of the tendon-bone interface and hence the clinical outcome of these procedures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.|Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China.
authors.forename: Yiqin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jianying
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Narava
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Guangyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.affiliation: Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu, Shanghai, 200003, China.
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: MaCalus V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.affiliation: MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: James H-C
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D051445:Fibrocartilage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005782:Gels; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053657:Platelet-Rich Plasma / Q000378:metabolism*; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013710:Tendons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D005782:Gels; D010795:Phthalic Acids; C572342:kartogenin
keywords: Kartogenin; PRP; bone tunnel; fibrocartilage; interface; tendon graft