title: Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of these endodontic medicaments and various vehicles using an agar well diffusion assay.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double Antibiotic Paste(DAP), modified DAP, 2% Chlorhexidine gluconate and their combination with four vehicles namely Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG), Propylene glycol (PG), combinations of PG with PEG and lastly Glycerine were tested using agar well diffusion assay. The minimum bactericidal concentration was noted against four standard strains of organisms ieStreptococcus mutansATCC( American Type Culture Collection) 25175,Staphylococcus aureusATCC 12598,Enterococcus faecalisATCC 35550 andEschericia coliATCC 25922. Successful endodontic therapy depends upon thorough disinfection of root canals. In some refractory cases, routine endodontic therapy is not sufficient, so intracanal medicaments are used for proper disinfection of canals. Issues of resistance, limited spectrum of activity and lack of antifungal properties, the hunt for the ideal intracanal medicament continues. In this regard, the vehicles used to form the pastes play a supportive role by forming the appropriate consistency for placement and may dramatically influence their chemical characteristics like their solubility and diffusion. Thus, inorder to use safer and equally effective intracanal medicaments, Chlorhexidine gluconate is being unveiled in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference between the four vehicles when combined with the same endodontic medicament studied above is nonsignificant (NS) except against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Propylene glycol is significantly effective than Glycerine when used with DAP ie C+M medicament combination. (p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2% chlorhexidine gluconate and modified DAP can definitely replace DAP and triple antibiotic paste as end-odontic medicaments with chlorhexidine having an added advantage of bactericidal action, substantivity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and lesser chances of developing resistance.
  Nalawade TM, Bhat KG, Sogi S. Antimicrobial Activity of Endodontic Medicaments and Vehicles using Agar Well Diffusion Method on Facultative and Obligate Anaerobes. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):335-341.
authors.affiliation: PhD Scholar, Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Vishwanath Katti Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Triveni M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nalawade
authors.affiliation: Consutant, Department of Microbiology, KLE University's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
authors.forename: Kishore G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.affiliation: professor and Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Sciences and Research Ambala, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Suma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sogi
keywords: Agar well diffusion; Medicaments; Minimum inhibitory concentration; Vehicles.