title: Active Electrodes for Wearable EEG Acquisition: Review and Electronics Design Methodology.
abstract: Active electrodes (AEs), i.e., electrodes with built-in readout circuitry, are increasingly being implemented in wearable healthcare and lifestyle applications due to AEs' robustness to environmental interference. An AE locally amplifies and buffers μV-level EEG signals before driving any cabling. The low output impedance of an AE mitigates cable motion artifacts, thus enabling the use of high-impedance dry electrodes for greater user comfort. However, developing a wearable EEG system, with medical grade signal quality on noise, electrode offset tolerance, common-mode rejection ratio, input impedance, and power dissipation, remains a challenging task. This paper reviews state-of-the-art bio-amplifier architectures and low-power analog circuits design techniques intended for wearable EEG acquisition, with a special focus on an AE system interfaced with dry electrodes.
authors.forename: Jiawei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Srinjoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Hoof
authors.forename: Refet Firat
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Yazicioglu
authors.forename: Kofi A A
authors.initials: KAA
authors.lastname: Makinwa
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004582:Electronics, Medical / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D000076251:Wearable Electronic Devices