title: Decreased lipid metabolism but increased FA biosynthesis are coupled with changes in liver microRNAs in obese subjects with NAFLD.
abstract: Many controversies regarding the association of liver miRNAs with obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) call for additional validations. This study sought to investigate variations in genes and hepatic miRNAs in a sample of obese patients with or without NAFLD and human hepatocytes (HH).
  
  
  
  A total of 60 non-consecutive obese women following bariatric surgery were recruited. Subjects were classified as NAFLD (n=17), borderline (n=24) and controls (n=19) with normal enzymatic profile, liver histology and ultrasound assessments. Profiling of 744 miRNAs was performed in 8 obese women with no sign of hepatic disease and 11 NAFLD patients. Additional validation and expression of genes related to de novo fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, uptake, transport and β-oxidation; glucose metabolism, and inflammation was tested in the extended sample. Induction of NAFLD-related genes and miRNAs was examined in HepG2 cells and primary HH treated with palmitic acid (PA), a combination of palmitate and oleic acid, or high glucose, and insulin (HG) mimicking insulin resistance in NAFLD.
  
  
  
  In the discovery sample, 14 miRNAs were associated with NAFLD. Analyses in the extended sample confirmed decreased miR-139-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-122-5p and miR-422a, and increased miR-146b-5p in obese subjects with NAFLD. Multiple linear regression analyses disclosed that NAFLD contributed independently to explain miR-139-5p (P=0.005), miR-30b-5p (P=0.005), miR-122-5p (P=0.021), miR-422a (P=0.007) and miR-146a (P=0.033) expression variance after controlling for confounders. Decreased miR-122-5p in liver was associated with impaired FA usage. Expression of inflammatory and macrophage-related genes was opposite to decreased miR-30b-5p, miR-139-5p and miR-422a, whereas increased miR-146b-5p was associated with FABP4 and decreased glucose metabolism and FA mobilization. In partial agreement, PA (but not HG) led to decreased miR-139-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-422a and miR-146a in vitro, in parallel with increased lipogenesis and FA transport, decreased glucose metabolism and diminished FA oxidation.
  
  
  
  This study confirms decreased liver glucose and lipid metabolism but increased FA biosynthesis coupled with changes in five unique miRNAs in obese patients with NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latorre
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno-Navarrete
authors.affiliation: Joint BSC-CRG-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mercader
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabater
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: Ò
authors.initials: Ò
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hospital Dr. Josep Trueta of Girona, Girona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gironès
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition (UDEN), Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta' Carretera de França s/n, Girona, Spain.|CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D056945:Hep G2 Cells; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D050155:Lipogenesis; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D035683:MicroRNAs