title: Effect of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomi compatibility on uric acid metabolism and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 in rats with hyperuricemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effects of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomi compatibility (PR) on uric acid metabolism and the expression of urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in rats with hyperuricemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups with 10 rats per group, including the normal group, model group, allopurinol group, benzbromarone group and PR groups at 3 doses (3.5, 7, 14 g/kg). Except the normal group, rats of the other groups were intragastrically administered 100 mg/kg hypoxanthine and 250 mg/kg ethambutol, and subcutaneously injected with 200 mg/kg potassium oxonate. All rats were continuously modeled for 17 days, and gavaged with corresponding drugs. The rats of the normal and model groups were gavaged with saline, once a day, for 2 weeks. The levels of serum uric acid (SUA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were determined. In addition, the contents of NGAL and KIM-1 in urine and the mRNA and protein expressions of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in liver of hyperuricemia rats were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Moreover, the pathological changes of kidney were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stain method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the normal group, the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and the expressions of hepatic XOD mRNA and protein in the hyperuricemia rats were increased signifificantly (P<0.01). PR signifificantly decreased the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1 and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expressions of hepatic XOD (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, the pathological changes of kidney were signifificantly suppressed by oral administration of PR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PR ameliorated uric acid metabolism and protected renal function, the underlying mechanism was mediated by decreasing the levels of SUA, BUN, NGAL and KIM-1, inhibiting the expression of hepatic XOD and ameliorating the pathological change of kidney.
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Han
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Xia
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Wan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Hui-Zhu
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.affiliation: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. lizhongyxy@126.com.
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000652:urine*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000652:urine; D000071068:Lipocalin-2 / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D003404:Creatinine; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014527:Uric Acid; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; C110936:Havcr1 protein, rat
keywords: Chinese medicine; Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati and Ramulus Cinnamomi compatibility; hyperuricemia; kidney injury molecule-1; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; xanthine oxidase