title: Measuring Nanoscale Thermostability of Cell Membranes with Single Gold-Diamond Nanohybrids.
abstract: Much of the current understanding of thermal effects in biological systems is based on macroscopic measurements. There is little knowledge about the local thermostability or heat tolerance of subcellular components at the nanoscale. Herein, we show that gold nanorod-fluorescent nanodiamond (GNR-FND) hybrids are useful as a combined nanoheater/nanothermometer in living cells. With the use of a 594 nm laser for both heating and probing, we measure the temperature changes by recording the spectral shifts of the zero-phonon lines of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in FNDs. The technique allows us to determine the rupture temperatures of individual membrane nanotubes in human embryonic kidney cells, as well as to generate high temperature gradients on the cell membrane for photoporation and optically controlled hyperthermia. Our results demonstrate a new paradigm for hyperthermia research and application.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Chang
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.|Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.|Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chandra P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Epperla
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jo-Shan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Oliver Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Puli, Nantou, 545, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Che
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.|Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.|Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Huan-Cheng
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry*; D018130:Diamond / Q000737:chemistry*; D005453:Fluorescence; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry*; D057809:HEK293 Cells; D006801:Humans; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D006046:Gold; D018130:Diamond
keywords: color centers; gold nanorods; membrane nanotubes; nanodiamonds; thermometry