title: Drug-induced Parkinson's disease modulates protein kinase A and Olfactory Marker Protein in the mouse olfactory bulb.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Olfaction is often affected in parkinsonian patients, but dopaminergic cells in the olfactory bulb are not affected by some Parkinson-inducing drugs. We investigated whether the drug MPTP produces the olfactory deficits typical of Parkinson and affects the olfactory bulb in mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesioned and control mice were tested for olfactory search, for motor and exploratory behavior. Brains and olfactory mucosa were investigated via immunohistochemistry for thyrosine hydroxylase, Olfactory Marker Protein and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as an intracellular pathway involved in dopaminergic neurotransmission. MPTP induced motor impairment, but no deficit in olfactory search. Thyrosine hydroxylase did not differ in olfactory bulb, while a strong decrease was detected in substantia nigra and tegmentum of MPTP mice. Olfactory Marker Protein decreased in the olfactory bulb of MPTP mice, while a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increased in the inner granular layer of MPTP mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MPTP mice do not present behavioural deficits in olfactory search, yet immunoreactivity reveals modifications in the olfactory bulb, and suggests changes in intracellular signal processing, possibly linked to neuron survival after MPTP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 3, 35131, Padua, Italy. carla.mucignat@unipd.it.|INBB, National Insitute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy. carla.mucignat@unipd.it.
authors.forename: Carla
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5307-0414
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mucignat
authors.affiliation: INBB, National Insitute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.|Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caretta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism*; D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D012903:Smell / Q000187:drug effects; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051842:Olfactory Marker Protein; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
keywords: Animal models; Olfactory bulb; Parkinson’s disease; Protein kinase A