title: Mucosal Ecological Network of Epithelium and Immune Cells for Gut Homeostasis and Tissue Healing.
abstract: The intestinal epithelial barrier includes columnar epithelial, Paneth, goblet, enteroendocrine, and tuft cells as well as other cell populations, all of which contribute properties essential for gastrointestinal homeostasis. The intestinal mucosa is covered by mucin, which contains antimicrobial peptides and secretory IgA and prevents luminal bacteria, fungi, and viruses from stimulating intestinal immune responses. Conversely, the transport of luminal microorganisms-mediated by M, dendritic, and goblet cells-into intestinal tissues facilitates the harmonization of active and quiescent mucosal immune responses. The bacterial population within gut-associated lymphoid tissues creates the intratissue cohabitations for harmonized mucosal immunity. Intermolecular and intercellular communication among epithelial, immune, and mesenchymal cells creates an environment conducive for epithelial regeneration and mucosal healing. This review summarizes the so-called intestinal mucosal ecological network-the complex but vital molecular and cellular interactions of epithelial mesenchymal cells, immune cells, and commensal microbiota that achieve intestinal homeostasis, regeneration, and healing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; email: kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.|International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.|Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.|Department of Mucosal Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.|Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.|Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine, La Jolla, CA 92093.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurashima
authors.affiliation: Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; email: kiyono@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.|International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan.|Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccine, La Jolla, CA 92093.|Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002450:Cell Communication; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000276:immunology*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A
keywords: M cells; epithelial restitution; innate lymphoid cells; intestinal epithelial cells; intra–lymphoid tissue resident commensal bacteria; mesenchymal cells; mucosal healing