title: A bias-minimising measure of the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction.
abstract: The orientation of the head is an important cue for gaze direction, and its role has been explained in a dual route model. The model incorporates both an attractive and a repulsive effect of head orientation, which act to support accurate gaze perception across large changes in natural stimuli. However, in all previous studies of which we are aware, measurements of the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction were obtained using a single-interval methodology, which may have been affected by response bias. Here we compare the single-interval methodology with a two-interval (bias-minimising) design. We find that although measures obtained using the two-interval design showed a stronger attractive effect of head orientation than previous studies, the influence of head orientation on perceived gaze direction still represents a genuine perceptual effect. Measurements obtained using the two-interval design were also shown to be more stable across sessions one week apart. These findings suggest the two-interval design should be used in future experiments, especially if comparing groups who may systematically differ in their biases, such as patients with schizophrenia or autism.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Tarryn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Balsdon
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Colin W G
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Clifford
mesh_terms: D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006257:Head; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009949:Orientation; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013028:Space Perception