title: Violence to Others, Violent Self-Victimization, and Violent Victimization by Others Among Persons With a Mental Illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research examined the frequency of and characteristics associated with three forms of violence among persons with mental illness-violence directed at others, self-directed violence, and violence directed at them by others.
  
  
  METHODS
  Previously unreported data from a follow-up sample of 951 patients from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study were analyzed to characterize involvement in violence directed at others, self-directed violence, and violence directed at them by others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients (58%) experienced at least one form of violence, 28% experienced at least two forms, and 7% experienced all three forms. Several diagnostic, social, and historical variables distinguished the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the substantial overlap among the three forms of violence, clinicians should routinely screen patients who report one form for the occurrence of the other two. Co-occurrence of several forms of violence may require a package of interventions with components geared to each.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Monahan is with the School of Law, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (e-mail: jmonahan@virginia.edu ). Dr. Vesselinov is with the Department of Economics, City University of New York, New York. Ms. Robbins is with Policy Research Associates, Inc., Delmar, New York. Dr. Appelbaum is with the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monahan
authors.affiliation: Dr. Monahan is with the School of Law, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (e-mail: jmonahan@virginia.edu ). Dr. Vesselinov is with the Department of Economics, City University of New York, New York. Ms. Robbins is with Policy Research Associates, Inc., Delmar, New York. Dr. Appelbaum is with the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: Roumen
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vesselinov
authors.affiliation: Dr. Monahan is with the School of Law, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (e-mail: jmonahan@virginia.edu ). Dr. Vesselinov is with the Department of Economics, City University of New York, New York. Ms. Robbins is with Policy Research Associates, Inc., Delmar, New York. Dr. Appelbaum is with the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: Pamela Clark
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.affiliation: Dr. Monahan is with the School of Law, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (e-mail: jmonahan@virginia.edu ). Dr. Vesselinov is with the Department of Economics, City University of New York, New York. Ms. Robbins is with Policy Research Associates, Inc., Delmar, New York. Dr. Appelbaum is with the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York.
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D028642:Persons with Psychiatric Disorders / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Suicide &amp; Victims; Violence/aggression; self-destructive behavior