title: Frequency of Application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 Solution and Its Potential in Controlling Human Enamel Erosion Progression: An in situ Study.
abstract: Although several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in inhibiting dental erosion progression, measures for further improvement in its effectiveness are paramount. Thus, this in situ study evaluated whether the protective effect promoted by the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution would be enhanced by increasing its frequency of use. The study was conducted with 12 volunteers, a 4-phase (5 days each) randomized, crossover model. Extraoral erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6, 6 × 2 min/day) and rinsing protocol (1 or 2 × 2 min/day) were performed. Before the in situ phase, human enamel samples were subjected to an in vitro surface softening (1% citric acid, pH 4.0, for 3 min). Four treatment protocols were tested using samples in replicas (n = 12): group G1 - deionized water (negative control); G2 - NaF solution (positive control, 500 ppm F-, pH 4.5); G3 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.5) once a day; G4 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution twice a day. Tissue loss and morphological changes were determined by optical profilometry (n = 12) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) analysis, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with subsequent pairwise comparison of treatments. Tissue loss means (±SD in µm) for each treatment protocol and statistical differences were found as follows: G1 4.55 ± 2.75, G2 4.59 ± 2.13, G3 2.64 ± 1.55, and G4 1.34 ± 1.16. Although there was no difference between the 2 AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application regimens (once or twice a day), application of the product twice a day was the only treatment that was able to control erosion progression, differing from the control groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ramos-Oliveira
authors.forename: T F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Mantilla
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: de Freitas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017971:Tin Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D017971:Tin Compounds; C094808:amine fluoride solution; C023599:stannous chloride; D012969:Sodium Fluoride