title: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis of Mortality in Experimental Mouse Models Analyzing Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.
abstract: Animal models are established to display the pathophysiological changes following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of the present study was to determine case fatality in mouse delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) models, to compare mortality in mouse DCI models to case fatality in human SAH patients, and to identify factors influencing mouse mortality. A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed to identify all studies that assessed mouse DCI models. Mortality rates and predictor variables were extracted and compared to the human case fatality after SAH as previously reported. Predictors for mouse mortality were identified through multivariate analysis. Forty-eight studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The mean overall mortality rate was 21% in mouse DCI models. However, the time period between induction of SAH and evaluation of mortality rates is a significant variable influencing the mortality rate in mouse SAH models. The experimental SAH model was the only significant predictor for mouse mortality after 48 h. In contrast, neither the genetic background nor the anesthetic changed the case fatality rate. Mouse mortality at 24, 48, and 72 h after experimental SAH in DCI models was significantly lower than human case fatality following aneurysmal SAH. The mean overall mortality rate in mouse DCI models is significantly lower than human case fatality following aneurysmal SAH. However, time between SAH induction and evaluation is a significant variable influencing the mortality rate in mouse SAH models. Further analyses will be required to establish whether and to which extent different DCI models affect mortality and reflect human pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. marcelalexander.kamp@med.uni-duesseldorf.de.
authors.forename: Marcel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamp
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasper H van
authors.initials: JHV
authors.lastname: Lieshout
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.|Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dibué-Adjei
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Jasmin K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.affiliation: Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931, Köln, Germany.
authors.forename: Toni
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.affiliation: Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.|Institute of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Restin
authors.affiliation: Division of Informatics and Statistics, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Jakob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Steiger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality
keywords: DCI; Delayed cerebral ischemia; Mortality; Mouse; Mouse model; SAH; Subarachnoid hemorrhage