title: The relationship between vacuolation and initiation of PCD in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells.
abstract: Vacuole fusion is a necessary process for the establishment of a large central vacuole, which is the central location of various hydrolytic enzymes and other factors involved in death at the beginning of plant programmed cell death (PCD). In our report, the fusion of vacuoles has been presented in two ways: i) small vacuoles coalesce to form larger vacuoles through membrane fusion, and ii) larger vacuoles combine with small vacuoles when small vacuoles embed into larger vacuoles. Regardless of how fusion occurs, a large central vacuole is formed in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells. Along with the development of vacuolation, the rupture of the large central vacuole leads to the loss of the intact plasma membrane and the degradation of the nucleus, resulting in cell death. Stabilizing or disrupting the structure of actin filaments (AFs) inhibits or promotes the fusion of vacuoles, which delays or induces PCD. In addition, the inhibitors of the vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) and cathepsin B (CathB) block the occurrence of the large central vacuole and delay the progression of PCD in rice aleurone layers. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the rupture of the large central vacuole triggering the PCD in aleruone layers.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.|College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.|College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Heting
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.|College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Xiaojiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.|College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Protection and Development Utilization of Tropical Crop Germplasm Resources (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou 570228, China.|College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
authors.forename: Huiping
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002401:Cathepsin B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D053144:Cell Nucleus Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D003571:Cytochalasin B / Q000494:pharmacology; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000187:drug effects; D012275:Oryza / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D010590:Phalloidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; C098738:N-acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl chloromethyl ketone; D010590:Phalloidine; D003571:Cytochalasin B; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C089278:vacuolar processing enzyme; D002401:Cathepsin B