title: The ability of hesperidin compared to that of insulin for preventing osteoporosis induced by type I diabetes in young male albino rats: A histological and biochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type I diabetes are at increased risk of osteoporosis even after insulin therapy in adult stage. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of hesperidin (hesp) therapy versus that of insulin alone in the alleviation of osteoporosis arising from type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in young rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hesperidin was administered orally to STZ-induced diabetes. The animals were evaluated morphologically and biochemically and compared with that received daily SC injections of long-acting insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologically, we observed the degeneration of osteoblasts and osteocytes, decreased collagen fibers, and disturbed bone turn over markers in untreated DM rats. Hesperidin+ insulin supplementation to diabetic rats caused significant improvement of most of the bone histological and morphometric parameters compared with the insulin-treated group. Furthermore, hesp treatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα and NF-κB and increased serum biochemical markers of bone turnover, including osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC) and decreased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrated that hesp could be considered to be a beneficial drug for preventing diabetic osteoporosis in growing age.
authors.affiliation: Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Azza Saad
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.affiliation: Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt. Electronic address: mona_amer@rocketmail.com.
authors.forename: Mona Gomah
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.affiliation: Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Manal Reda
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Abd El-Haleem
authors.affiliation: Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
authors.forename: Rehab Ahmed
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Karam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D060888:Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D006569:Hesperidin
keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hesperidin; NF-κB; Osteoporosis; TNFα