title: GSM 900 MHz Microwave Radiation-Induced Alterations of Insulin Level and Histopathological Changes of Liver and Pancreas in Rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rapidly increasing use of mobile phones has led to public concerns about possible health effects of these popular communication devices. This study is an attempt to investigate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) radiation produced by GSM mobile phones on the insulin release in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty two female adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group1 were exposed to RF radiation 6 hours per day for 7 days. Group 2 received sham exposure (6 hours per day for 7 days). Groups 3 and 4 received RF radiation 3 hours per day for 7 days and sham exposure (3 hours per day), respectively. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF was 2.0 W/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that RF radiations emitted from mobile phone could not alter insulin release in rats. However, mild to severe inflammatory changes in the portal spaces of the liver of rats as well as damage in the cells of islet of Langerhans were observed. These changes were linked with the duration of the exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF exposure can induce inflammatory changes in the liver as well causing damage in the cells of islet of Langerhans.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Medical Physics, Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran ; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S M J
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Pathology Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Owji
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran ; Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shojaei-Fard
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghader-Panah
authors.affiliation: Medical Student, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S A R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mortazavi
authors.affiliation: Standard Organization, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavakoli-Golpayegani
authors.affiliation: Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haghani
authors.affiliation: Ionizing and Non-ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taeb
authors.affiliation: Professor, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shokrpour
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Animals, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koohi
keywords:  Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) ;  Insulin Release ;  Radiofrequency (RF) ;  Rat; Mobile Phones 