title: The improvement of M1 polarization in macrophages by glycopeptide derived from Ganoderma lucidum.
abstract: Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst (Ganodermataceae) is a medicinal mushroom that has been extensively used in China for centuries to promote longevity and improve vigor without significant adverse effects. There is continuous interest in the bioactive properties of G. lucidum in view of its newly developed popularity in other regions besides Asia, such as Europe. Glycopeptide derived from G. lucidum (Gl-PS) is one of the main effective components isolated from this mushroom. The Gl-PS has been demonstrated pleiotropic with many bioactivities including immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Macrophages are important cells involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), with their different roles, display distinct cytokine profiles: M1 preferentially produces TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12; conversely, M2 generates more IL-10 and arginase. Gl-PS might have the potential to promote macrophage M1 polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, LPS was used to induce the M1 polarization. It was shown that the level of the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 were increased and the IL-10 and arginase I were decreased in the polarized M1 macrophages after application of Gl-PS compared to the control. The results indicated the potential of Gl-PS to promote M1 polarization vs M2, with the health beneficial understanding of the bioactivities of Gl-PS.
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China. cyfyzys@163.com.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-Bin
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China.
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China.
authors.forename: Yan-Dong
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China.
authors.forename: Chen-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050011, China.
authors.forename: Guo-Qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, Hebei province, 067000, China. duanxinsuo2002@163.com.
authors.forename: Xin-Suo
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Duan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001119:Arginase / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006020:Glycopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020940:Reishi / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D052179:Antigens, Plant; D016207:Cytokines; D006020:Glycopeptides; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C544448:Arg1 protein, mouse; D001119:Arginase
keywords: Cytokines; Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides; Macrophages; Polarization