title: Cytological diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease: A case report and revision of the literature.
abstract: Rosai-Dorfman disease also known as sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) is characterized by distorted lymph node architecture with marked dilation of lymphatic sinuses occupied by numerous lymphocytes, as well as histiocytes with vesicular nucleus and abundant clear cytoplasm with phagocytized lymphocytes or plasma cells, also known as 'emperipolesis'. This disease of unknown etiology progresses with a benign prognosis strictly and only when an early diagnosis and treatment is made. A late diagnosis and a generalized lymph node involvement contribute to a poor prognosis. In this study, we focussed on the cytological characteristics of the Rosai-Dorfman disease and differential diagnoses. We reported a case of a 61-year-old Mexican male with a 9-month history of painless bilateral cervical masses and low-grade fever with the final diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. The final diagnosis was made by fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of parotid gland and cervical lymph node. In conclusion, FNA biopsy can be enough to make the diagnosis in most cases due to the distinct cytological features of SHML, thereby avoiding more invasive approaches that potentially are unnecessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garza-Guajardo
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.
authors.forename: Laura Elvira
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: García-Labastida
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.
authors.forename: Iram Pablo
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.
authors.forename: Gabriela Sofía
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gómez-Macías
authors.affiliation: Universisy of Colima, School of Medicine, Colima 28030, Mexico.
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Delgado-Enciso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunology and Virology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66420, Mexico.
authors.forename: María Marisela Sánchez
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chaparro
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology, University Hospital 'Dr José Eleuterio González', Autonomous University of Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico.
authors.forename: Oralia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Barboza-Quintana
keywords: Rosai-Dorfman disease; fine needle aspiration biopsy; massive lymphadenopathy; sinus histiocytosis