title: Controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors.
abstract: Controlling behaviours are highly prevalent forms of non-physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of perpetrating controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse (TFA) was compared by men receiving substance use treatment in England (n = 223) and Brazil (n = 280). Factors associated with perpetrating these behaviours towards their current/most recent partner and their association with other types of IPV were explored.
  
  
  
  Secondary analysis from two cross-sectional studies was performed. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infidelity, IPV perpetration and victimisation, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), attitudes towards gender relations and roles, substance use, depressive symptoms and anger expression were collected.
  
  
  
  Sixty-four percent (143/223) and 33% (73/223) of participants in England and 65% (184/280) and 20% (57/280) in Brazil reported controlling behaviours and TFA, respectively, during their current/most recent relationship. Excluding IPV victimisation from the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviours was associated with a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England) and severe physical IPV perpetration (Brazil), and perpetrating TFA was associated with younger age. Including both IPV victimisation and perpetration in the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviour was associated with experiencing a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England), emotional IPV victimisation (England) and experiencing controlling behaviour from a partner (England). The perpetration of TFA was associated with younger age and experiencing TFA from a partner.
  
  
  
  Technological progress provides opportunities for perpetrators to control and abuse their partners. Controlling behaviours and TFA should be addressed to reduce IPV perpetration by males in substance use treatment. [Gilchrist G, Canfield M,Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL. Controlling behaviours and technology-facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:52-63].
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gilchrist
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canfield
authors.affiliation: National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: Polly
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Radcliffe
authors.affiliation: Gender Violence and Health Research Group, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Flavia Pires Lucas
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: D'Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000786:Anger; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D000066511:Intimate Partner Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013672:Technology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
keywords: controlling behaviour; cross-sectional study; intimate partner violence; substance use treatment; technology-facilitated abuse