title: Acute Exercise and Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Meta-Analysis.
abstract: In lean individuals, acute aerobic exercise is reported to transiently suppress sensations of appetite, suppress blood concentrations of acylated ghrelin (AG), and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide-YY (PYY). Findings in overweight/obese individuals have yet to be synthesised. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we quantified the effects that acute exercise has on AG and total PYY and GLP-1 in overweight/obese individuals. The potential for body mass index (BMI) to act as a moderator for AG was also explored. Six published studies (73 participants, 78% male, mean BMI: 30.6 kg·m-2) met the inclusion criteria. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) and standard errors were extracted for AG and total PYY and GLP-1 concentrations in control and exercise trials and synthesised using a random effects meta-analysis model. BMI was the predictor in metaregression for AG. Exercise moderately suppressed AG area-under-the-curve concentrations (pooled SMD: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.53 to -0.15). The magnitude of this reduction was greater for higher mean BMIs (pooled metaregression slope: -0.04 SMD/kg·m-2(95% CI: -0.07 to 0.00)). Trivial SMDs were obtained for total PYY (0.10, 95% CI: -0.13 to 0.31) and GLP-1 (-0.03, 95% CI: -0.18 to 0.13). This indicates that exercise in overweight/obese individuals moderately alters AG in a direction that could be associated with decreased hunger and energy intake. This trial is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42014006265.
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; The Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester and Loughborough University, Tees Valley, UK.
authors.forename: Jessica Anne
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0189-0933
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deighton
authors.affiliation: Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
authors.forename: Jan Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sari-Sarraf
authors.affiliation: School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK; The Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle & Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester and Loughborough University, Tees Valley, UK.
authors.forename: David John
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-9119-8590
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stensel
authors.affiliation: Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015444:Exercise; D054439:Ghrelin / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D050177:Overweight / Q000097:blood; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D054439:Ghrelin; D019894:Peptide YY; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1