title: The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible Dependency on Mechanisms beyond Synaptic Transmission.
abstract: "Neuronal assemblies" are defined here as coalitions within the brain of millions of neurons extending in space up to 1-2 mm, and lasting for hundreds of milliseconds: as such they could potentially link bottom-up, micro-scale with top-down, macro-scale events. The perspective first compares the featuresin vitroversusin vivoof this underappreciated "meso-scale" level of brain processing, secondly considers the various diverse functions in which assemblies may play a pivotal part, and thirdly analyses whether the surprisingly spatially extensive and prolonged temporal properties of assemblies can be described exclusively in terms of classic synaptic transmission or whether additional, different types of signaling systems are likely to operate. Based on our own voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) data acquiredin vitrowe show how restriction to only one signaling process, i.e., synaptic transmission, is unlikely to be adequate for modeling the full profile of assemblies. Based on observations from VSDI with its protracted spatio-temporal scales, we suggest that two other, distinct processes are likely to play a significant role in assembly dynamics: "volume" transmission (the passive diffusion of diverse bioactive transmitters, hormones, and modulators), as well as electrotonic spread via gap junctions. We hypothesize that a combination of all three processes has the greatest potential for deriving a realistic model of assemblies and hence elucidating the various complex brain functions that they may mediate.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Bio Ltd., Culham Science CentreAbingdon, UK; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Mann Group, University of OxfordOxford, UK.
authors.forename: Antoine-Scott
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Badin
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Bio Ltd., Culham Science Centre Abingdon, UK.
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fermani
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Bio Ltd., Culham Science Centre Abingdon, UK.
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Greenfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: gap junctions; neuronal assemblies; synaptic transmission; volume transmission