title: Does Ramadan fasting contribute to the increase of peptic ulcer perforations?
abstract: Medical treatment has been widely used in peptic ulcer disease, however perforation is a severe complication. The rationale of this study was to evaluate the effect of Islamic Ramadan fasting on peptic ulcer perforation.
  
  
  
  Patients (No. 2311) who were operated on due to peptic ulcer perforation in a teaching and reference Hospital of a State University from January 1979 to January 2016 were analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (No. 1805) included patients who were operated during other periods of the years without Ramadan fasting (396 months), while Group II (No. 506) constituted of patients who were operated on during the fasting periods (36 months).
  
  
  
  There was no significant difference in the mean ages between the groups (38 vs. 42 years). The mean monthly number of surgical intervention rates was higher in Group II (14.05 vs. 4.55, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant rise in the number of male patients during Ramadan months (p = 0.0073). While omentoplasty with upper midline laparotomy vs. other surgical methods was significantly more employed in Group II (p = 0.0024), mortality rates were similar as 2.27 and 2.56% in Group I and II, respectively (p > 0.05). We could not detect any seasonal differences, although hot summer days constituted the longest fasting durations (19 hours) in the country.
  
  
  
  This study suggested that the occurrence of peptic ulcer perforation was significantly high during Ramadan fasting months due to the long fasting periods especially with significant male predominance.
authors.affiliation: General Surgery Clinic, Health Ministery Haseki Education and Research State Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey. ahmetkocakusak@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kocakusak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005215:Fasting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010439:Peptic Ulcer Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D055815:Young Adult