title: Analysis of haloacetic acids, bromate, and dalapon in natural waters by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: The addition of oxidants for disinfecting water can lead to the formation of potentially carcinogenic compounds referred to as disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one of the most widely detected DBPs in US water utilities and some of them are regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The present study developed a method to analyze all the compounds in the USEPA method 557 (nine HAAs, bromate and dalapon) plus four potentially more toxic iodinated HAAs in water by coupling ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS). This aqueous direct injection method has significant advantages over traditional GC methods, which require a derivatization and sample extraction that are laborious, time-consuming, and can negatively impact reproducibility. The method developed in this study requires half the time of the current USEPA method 557 on IC-MS/MS while including more compounds and achieving sub-μg/L level method detection limits (MDLs) for all 15 target analytes. The single laboratory lowest concentration minimum reporting level (LCMRL) has also been determined in reagent water, which ranged from 0.011 to 0.62μg/L for the analytes. The mean recoveries of the analytes during matrix spike recovery tests were 77-125% in finished drinking water and 81-112% in surface water. This method was then applied to untreated, chlorinated, and chloraminated groundwater and surface water samples. Bromate and 9 HAAs were detected at different levels in some of these samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Agilent Technologies Inc., 2850 Centerville Rd., Wilmington, DE 19808, United States.
authors.forename: Tarun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anumol
authors.affiliation: Metrohm USA Inc, Houston, TX 77034, United States.
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States. Electronic address: snyders2@email.arizona.edu.
authors.forename: Shane A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000032:analysis; D001959:Bromates / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D011422:Propionates / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D001959:Bromates; D011422:Propionates; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C004743:dalapon
keywords: Bromate; Dalapon; Haloacetic acids; Ion-chromatography; Tandem mass spectrometry