title: Susceptibility to chronic inflammation: an update.
abstract: Chronic inflammation is defined by the persistence of inflammatory processes beyond their physiological function, resulting in tissue destruction. Chronic inflammation is implicated in the progression of many chronic diseases and plays a central role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease. As such, this review aims to collate some of the latest research in relation to genetic and environmental susceptibilities to chronic inflammation. In the genetic section, we discuss some of the updates in cytokine research and current treatments that are being developed. We also discuss newly identified canonical and non-canonical genes associated with chronic inflammation. In the environmental section, we highlight some of the latest updates and evidence in relation to the role that infection, diet and stress play in promoting inflammation. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the latest research to build on our current understanding of chronic inflammation. It highlights the complexity associated with chronic inflammation, as well as provides insights into potential new targets for therapies that could be used to treat chronic inflammation and consequently prevent disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Noha Ahmed
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nasef
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.|Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.|Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Sunali
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. l.ferguson@auckland.ac.nz.
authors.forename: Lynnette R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000150:complications; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines
keywords: Chronic inflammation; Cytokines; Diet; Immunity; Infection; Stress