title: Leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts: A clinical case involving a long-term follow-up and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts (LCC) is a rare disease that was first reported by Labrune in 1996. A case of adult-onset LCC was successfully followed up for a long period.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 30-year-old female presented with visual field disturbance and seizure on several occasions. Radiographic images revealed multiple supratentorial cysts and calcifications in the bilateral nucleus basalis and cerebella. Aspiration, Ommaya reservoir placement, and nodule removal were performed for the responsible cysts, and the patient had a good postoperative course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A tiny, strongly enhanced nodule was identified before cyst formation on her radiographic images. Thus, cyst growth may be related to nodule microbleeding. According to our review, if the responsible cyst is located on the noneloquent area, surgical removal of the cyst should be considered. However, if the responsible cyst is located on the eloquent area, the nodule should be first removed because nodules can bleed and enlarge cysts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful follow-up is needed, especially for cysts with a strongly enhanced nodule.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. Electronic address: moltobello-r-610@hotmail.co.jp.
authors.forename: Ryota
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohira
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsura
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020863:Central Nervous System Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D056784:Leukoencephalopathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Calcification; Cyst; Leukoencephalopathy; Nodule