title: Effect of formative evaluation using direct observation of procedural skills in assessment of postgraduate students of obstetrics and gynecology: Prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) is a way of evaluating procedural skills through observation in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of DOPS in teaching and assessment of postgraduate students and to know the effect of repeated DOPS on improvement of the skills and confidence of the students.
  
  
  METHODS
  In both phases, significant difference was observed between the two groups on first DOPS comparison (1st phase: p=0.000; 2nd phase: p=0.002), with simulation group performing better. Comparison of sixth DOPS in the two groups revealed no difference in both phases, but significant difference on first and sixth DOPS comparison in each group (p=0.000).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated DOPS results in improved skills and confidence of students in managing real life obstetric emergencies irrespective of the teaching modality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated DOPS results in improved skills and confidence of students in managing real life obstetric emergencies irrespective of the teaching modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Naina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaringology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Namit Kant
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaringology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
authors.forename: Samar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudra
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Swanand
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pathak
keywords:  Clinical competency;  Postpartum hemorrhage ;  Procedural skills ; Direct observation 