title: Protein biomarkers associated with primary graft dysfunction following lung transplantation.
abstract: Severe primary graft dysfunction affects 15-20% of lung transplant recipients and carries a high mortality risk. In addition to known donor, recipient, and perioperative clinical risk factors, numerous biologic factors are thought to contribute to primary graft dysfunction. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of lung injury and primary graft dysfunction emphasizes multiple pathways leading to lung endothelial and epithelial injury. Protein biomarkers specific to these pathways can be measured in the plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue. Clarification of the pathophysiology and timing of primary graft dysfunction could illuminate predictors of dysfunction, allowing for better risk stratification, earlier identification of susceptible recipients, and development of targeted therapies. Here, we review much of what has been learned about the association of protein biomarkers with primary graft dysfunction and evaluate this association at different measurement time points.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; barbara.hamilton@ucsf.edu.
authors.forename: B C S
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kukreja
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Anesthesia, and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Matthay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D055031:Primary Graft Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins
keywords: biomarkers; lung transplantation; primary graft dysfunction