title: Understanding and monitoring the consequences of human impacts on intraspecific variation.
abstract: Intraspecific variation is a major component of biodiversity, yet it has received relatively little attention from governmental and nongovernmental organizations, especially with regard to conservation plans and the management of wild species. This omission is ill-advised because phenotypic and genetic variations within and among populations can have dramatic effects on ecological and evolutionary processes, including responses to environmental change, the maintenance of species diversity, and ecological stability and resilience. At the same time, environmental changes associated with many human activities, such as land use and climate change, have dramatic and often negative impacts on intraspecific variation. We argue for the need for local, regional, and global programs to monitor intraspecific genetic variation. We suggest that such monitoring should include two main strategies: (i) intensive monitoring of multiple types of genetic variation in selected species and (ii) broad-brush modeling for representative species for predicting changes in variation as a function of changes in population size and range extent. Overall, we call for collaborative efforts to initiate the urgently needed monitoring of intraspecific variation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Tamagawa University Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsukazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yahara
authors.affiliation: The Australian Museum Research Institute The Australian Museum Sydney NSW Australia.
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Faith
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México México.
authors.forename: Ella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Domínguez
authors.affiliation: Biology Department Queen's University Kingston ON Canada.
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Colautti
authors.affiliation: Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan.
authors.forename: Firouzeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Javadi
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México México.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Núñez-Farfán
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences Yokohama National University Yokohama Japan.
authors.forename: Akira S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
authors.forename: Shiliang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hollingsworth
authors.affiliation: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Edinburgh UK; Australian Centre for Wildlife Genomics, Australian Museum Research Institute Australian Museum Sydney NSW Australia.
authors.forename: Linda E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Neaves
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan.
authors.forename: Yuya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukano
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Port Elizabeth South Africa; Departamento de Ciências da Vida Centre for Functional Ecology Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra Portugal.
authors.forename: Gideon F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Humanities Tokyo Japan.
authors.forename: Yo-Ichiro
authors.initials: YI
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Institute of Decision Science for a Sustainable Society Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan.
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tachida
authors.affiliation: Redpath Museum and Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hendry
keywords: ecosystem function and services; functional variation; genetic variation; neutral variation; non‐neutral variation