title: Insertion of inter-domain linkers improves expression and bioactivity of Zygote arrest (Zar) fusion proteins.
abstract: Developmentally important proteins that are crucial for fertilization and embryogenesis are synthesized through highly regulated translation of maternal mRNA. The Zygote arrest proteins, Zar1 and Zar2, are crucial for embryogenesis and have been implicated in binding mRNA and repressing mRNA translation. To investigate Zar1 and Zar2, the full-length proteins had been fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or MS2 protein tags with minimal inter-domain linkers derived from multiple cloning sites; however, these fusion proteins expressed poorly and/or lacked robust function. Here, we tested the effect of inserting additional linkers between the fusion domains. Three linkers were tested, each 17 amino acids long with different physical and chemical properties: flexible hydrophilic, rigid extended or rigid helical. In the presence of any of the three linkers, GST-Zar1 and GST-Zar2 had fewer breakdown products. Moreover, in the presence of any of the linkers, MS2-Zar1 was expressed to higher levels, and in dual luciferase tethered assays, both MS2-Zar1 and MS2-Zar2 repressed luciferase translation to a greater extent. These data suggest that for Zar fusion proteins, increasing the length of linkers, regardless of their physical or chemical properties, improves stability, expression and bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004527:Egg Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D004527:Egg Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C549327:ZAR2 protein, human; C471631:Zar1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase
keywords: GST and MS2 tags; Zygote arrest (Zar) proteins; fusion protein design; mRNA translation regulation; peptide linkers