title: Noninvasive Ventilation For Patients In Acute Respiratory Distress: An Update.
abstract: Over the last 20 years, noninvasive ventilation (NIV) strategies have been used with increasing frequency. The ease of use of NIV makes it applicable to patients presenting in a variety of types of respiratory distress. In this review, the physiology of positive pressure ventilation is discussed, including indications, contraindications, and options for mask type and fit. Characteristics of patients who are most likely to benefit from NIV are reviewed, including those in respiratory distress from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. The literature for other respiratory pathologies where NIV may be used, such as in asthma exacerbation, pediatric patients, and community-acquired pneumonia, is also reviewed. Controversies and potential future applications of NIV are presented.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Nikita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Molly K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Estes
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Kayla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
authors.forename: Hyun-Chul Danny
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D063087:Noninvasive Ventilation / Q000379:methods*; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*