title: Antioxidant properties of Ferulago angulata and its hepatoprotective effect against N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced oxidative stress in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ferulago angulata (Schlecht.) Boiss. (Apiaceae) (FASB) is used to treat liver diseases and has been used both as food and therapeutics by many cultures for thousands of years because of the natural antioxidant compounds.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determines antioxidant properties of FASB flowers, the levels of minerals and vitamins, and also, evaluates the hepatoprotective effect of flowers against N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) induced on liver tissue by assessing antioxidant enzymes and histopathological parameters in Wistar albino rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the study, the rats were divided into six groups of ten. Control, untreated animals were given 0.9% NaCl. Rats were intraperitoneally given NDMA (10 mg/kg) for the first 7 days. FASB methanol extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally for 21 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  α-Tocopherol, retinol, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid contents of FASB were 0.70 ± 0.13, 0.29 ± 0.03 μg/g, 139.32 ± 7.06 μg/100 g, 171.61 ± 6.05 mM ascorbic acid/g, 90.47 ± 4.11 mg GA/g and 37.39 ± 2.85 mg QE/g. DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was obtained IC5067.34 ± 4.14 and 64.87 ± 4.68 μg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study indicated that FASB flowers contain high levels of vitamins, minerals, total antioxidant activity, phenolics and flavonoids. Due to the positive effect on significant changes in antioxidant enzymes of liver tissue and histopathological examination, it is thought that the plant could be used as a hepatoprotective.
authors.affiliation: a Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Program, Bitlis Eren University , Bitlis , Turkey.
authors.forename: Hatice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiziltas
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey.
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekin
authors.affiliation: c Division of Biochemistry , Siirt University , Siirt , Turkey.
authors.forename: Mahire
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bayramoglu
authors.affiliation: b Department of Chemistry , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey.
authors.forename: Esvet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbas
authors.affiliation: d Department of Pharmacology , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey.
authors.forename: Gokhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oto
authors.affiliation: e Division of Patology , Ataturk University , Van , Turkey.
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.affiliation: f Department of Biology , Yuzuncu Yil University , Van , Turkey.
authors.forename: Fevzi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozgokce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019661:Apiaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D004128:Dimethylnitrosamine
keywords: Antioxidant capacity; CAT; Ferulago angulata; GSH-Px; SOD