title: Variability of longitudinal strain in left ventricular segments supplied by non-stenosed coronary artery: insights from speckle tracking analysis of dobutamine stress echocardiograms in patients with high coronary risk profile.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although global deformation parameters have been increasingly used for myocardial function analysis, there are sparse data concerning segmental deformation of the left ventricle (LV). Moreover, some studies suggest heterogeneity of strain among LV segments, which may be especially significant during stress echocardiography. We assessed quantitatively regional LV function in the setting of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE), to examine differences of longitudinal strain between basal, mid and apical LV segments and to compare variability of regional deformation between rest and the peak stage of DSE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 250 patients examined by DSE applied for diagnosis of ischemia, a subset of 111 patients without significant coronary stenoses in angiography was selected (68 females, mean age: 60 ±10 years). Systolic longitudinal strain (SLS) in individual LV segments at baseline and the peak stage of DSE was analyzed with speckle tracking echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhomogeneity of SLS among the LV segments (p< 0.001) was observed at baseline and the peak stage. Dispersion indices were higher at the peak stage of DSE than at baseline (p< 0.001), and the lowest heterogeneity was observed among mid segments. The analysis of changes in SLS during DSE showed SLS reduction in basal and mid-ventricular segments and an increase in apical segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant heterogeneity of strain and the opposite direction of the longitudinal strain changes during DSE between apical and basal LV segments were observed. This variability among non-ischemic LV segments ought to be considered in quantification of LV function during DSE.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wierzbowska-Drabik
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Plewka
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
authors.forename: Jarosław D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kasprzak
keywords: dobutamine stress echocardiography; segmental variability of strain; strain