title: Human papillomavirus antibody response following HAART initiation among MSM.
abstract: To describe effects of HAART on high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) antibody response in HIV-positive MSM and the meaning of this response for subsequent HPV-related cancer risk.
  
  
  
  Prospective seroepidemiological study of 281 HIV-positive MSM initiating HAART between 1995 and 2004 in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
  
  
  
  For each individual, two serum samples, one at HAART initiation (pre-HAART) and another 24 months later (post-HAART), were tested for L1 antibodies to HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52 and 58, as well as HPV16-E6 antibodies, using a multiplex serology assay. Identification of HPV-related cancer included data linkage with Swiss cancer registries.
  
  
  
  Pre-HAART, 45.2% were seropositive for any high-risk HPV-L1 and 32.4% for HPV16-L1. Sexual intercourse during the last 6 months was the only evaluated factor associated with L1 seropositivity pre-HAART. Seropositivity increased post-HAART to 60.5% for any high-risk HPV-L1 [prevalence ratio versus pre-HAART = 1.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.57] and 48.0% for HPV16-L1 (prevalence ratio versus pre-HAART = 1.48, 95% CI 1.20-1.83), and seroconversion was significantly associated with both lower CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio (P < 0.01). Only one individual was HPV16-E6-seropositive pre-HAART, but two more seroconverted post-HAART. Anal cancer incidence among the three HPV16-E6-positives post-HAART was significantly increased compared with HPV16-E6-negatives (incidence rate ratio = 63.1, 95% CI 1.1-1211).
  
  
  
  HAART-related immune reconstitution increases HPV-specific antibody responses, which may discriminate future anal cancer risk in this high-risk population.
authors.affiliation: aInternational Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, FrancebInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, BerncDivision of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Lausanne, LausannedDivision of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, BaseleDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, BernfHIV/AIDS Unit, Infectious Disease Service, Geneva University Hospital, GenevagDivision of Infectious Diseases, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. GallenhDivision of Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital Lugano, LuganoiDivision of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichjInstitute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandkInfection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jean-Damien
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Combes
authors.forename: Gary M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egger
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavassini
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calmy
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Enos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: Huldrych F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Günthard
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franceschi
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waterboer
authors.forename: Alexandra U
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Scherrer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D000074243:Immune Reconstitution; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000914:Antibodies, Viral