title: Cross-Talk between Cancer Cells and the Tumour Microenvironment: The Role of the 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway.
abstract: 5-lipoxygenase is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of a range of bioactive lipids signalling molecules known collectively as eicosanoids. 5-lipoxygenase metabolites such as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) and a number of leukotrienes are mostly derived from arachidonic acid and have been shown to be lipid mediators of inflammation in different pathological states including cancer. Upregulated 5-lipoxygenase expression and metabolite production is found in a number of cancer types and has been shown to be associated with increased tumorigenesis. 5-lipoxygenase activity is present in a number of diverse cell types of the immune system and connective tissue. In this review, we discuss potential routes through which cancer cells may utilise the 5-lipoxygenase pathway to interact with the tumour microenvironment during the development and progression of a tumour. Furthermore, immune-derived 5-lipoxygenase signalling can drive both pro- and anti-tumour effects depending on the immune cell subtype and an overview of evidence for these opposing effects is presented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. mooregy@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Gillian Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland. pidgeong@tcd.ie.
authors.forename: Graham P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Pidgeon
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D053898:Biosynthetic Pathways / Q000187:drug effects; D002450:Cell Communication; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D056747:Immunomodulation; D015289:Leukotrienes / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D022423:Myeloid Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D059016:Tumor Microenvironment / Q000276:immunology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015289:Leukotrienes; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2
keywords: 5-lipoxygenase; adipose tissue; angiogenesis; immune cells; leukotrienes; tumour microenvironment