title: The different ways to obtain digital images of urine microscopy findings: Their advantages and limitations.
abstract: We describe three ways to take digital images of urine sediment findings. Way 1 encompasses a digital camera permanently mounted on the microscope and connected with a computer equipped with a proprietary software to acquire, process and store the images. Way 2 is based on the use of inexpensive compact digital cameras, held by hands - or mounted on a tripod - close to one eyepiece of the microscope. Way 3 is based on the use of smartphones, held by hands close to one eyepiece of the microscope or connected to the microscope by an adapter. The procedures, advantages and limitations of each way are reported.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Research Laboratory on Urinary Sediment, U.O. di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto di rene, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: fogazzi@policlinico.m.it.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Fogazzi
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Research Laboratory on Urinary Sediment, U.O. di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto di rene, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garigali
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D000068997:Smartphone; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
keywords: Digital microphotography; Microphotography; Urine microscopy; Urine sediment