title: Phytochemical Constituents, ChEs and Urease Inhibitions, Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Properties of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to the common ethnopharmacological used or scientifically examined biochemical properties, Elaeagnaceae family, Elaeagnus umbellate (Thunb.) (EU, Guz yemisi) was worth investigating.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this investigation, we revealed antioxidant, antiproliferative and enzyme inhibition activities of the water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of EU as well as the contents of their phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, ascorbic acid, lycopene and β- carotene. The antioxidant activity was screened by total antioxidant (phosphomolybdenum), inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation, reducing power, 2-deoxyribose degradation assay, H2O2 scavenging and metal chelating activities of the samples were tested in vitro. Additionally, the scavenging activities of the extracts were determined against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonicacid (ABTS˙+), superoxide anion and peroxide radicals. The samples were determined for their inhibitory activities against urease, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). In vitro, antiproliferative activities of six different extracts were tested using the xCELLigence system against HeLa and HT29 cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antioxidant activities of the extracts were found higher than standard antioxidants. The water extracts of fruit and leaf showed the best antioxidant activity. In inhibition assays of urease, AChE and BuChE, all extracts exhibited remarkable inhibition potential. Ethyl acetate extracts, especially, showed better inhibition capacity. It was found that the antioxidant activities of the extracts presented consistently with their chemical contents. The antiproliferative activities of leaf extracts were more effective than the fruit extracts. The chromatographic methods were applied to the different solvents to analyses phenolic secondery metabolites. It was found that fumaric acid, 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin and quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, neohesperidin, hesperidin determined to have higher contents all the extracts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EU can be suggested as a potential natural source of antioxidants appropriate for utilization in nutritional/pharmaceutical fields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Tevfik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozen
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Semiha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yenigun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Muhammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altun
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demirtas
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D031263:Elaeagnaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006367:HeLa Cells; D057166:High-Throughput Screening Assays; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014510:Urease / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D000975:Antioxidants; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D064209:Phytochemicals; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D014510:Urease
keywords: E. umbellata Thunb (EU); acetylcholinesterase; antioxidant activity; antiproliferative activity; butyrylcholinesterase; phenolics; urease