title: Directed Growth of Orthorhombic Crystals in a Micropillar Array.
abstract: We report directed growth of orthorhombic crystals of potassium permanganate in spatial confinement of a micropillar array. The solution is introduced by spontaneous wicking to give a well-defined film (thickness 10-15 μm; volume ∼600 nL) and is connected to a reservoir (several microliters) that continuously "feeds" the evaporating film. When the film is supersaturated, crystals nucleate and preferentially grow in specific directions guided by one of several possible linear paths through the pillar lattice. Crystals that do not initially conform are stopped at an obstructing pillar, branch into another permitted direction, or spontaneously rotate to align with a path and continue to grow. Microspectroscopy is able to track the concentration of solute in a small region of interest (70 × 100 μm2) near to growing crystals, revealing that the solute concentration initially increases linearly beyond the solubility limit. Crystal growth near the region of interest resulted in a sharp decrease in the local solute concentration (which rapidly returns the concentration to the solubility limit), consistent with estimated diffusion time scales (<1 s for a 50 μm length scale). The ability to simultaneously track solute concentration and control crystal orientation in nanoliter samples will provide new insight into microscale dynamics of microscale crystallization.
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.|Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Holzner
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Frederik H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kriel
authors.affiliation: Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia , Mawson Lakes 5095, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-8861-2161
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Priest