title: Genome-wide analysis of cis-regulatory element structure and discovery of motif-driven gene co-expression networks in grapevine.
abstract: Coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming ensures a plant's continued growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions. Transcription factors (TFs) act to modulate gene expression through complex cis-regulatory element (CRE) interactions. Genome-wide analysis of known plant CREs was performed for all currently predicted protein-coding gene promoters in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.). Many CREs such as abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive, drought-responsive, auxin-responsive, and evening elements, exhibit bona fide CRE properties such as strong position bias towards the transcription start site (TSS) and over-representation when compared with random promoters. Genes containing these CREs are enriched in a large repertoire of plant biological pathways. Large-scale transcriptome analyses also show that these CREs are highly implicated in grapevine development and stress response. Numerous CRE-driven modules in condition-specific gene co-expression networks (GCNs) were identified and many of these modules were highly enriched for plant biological functions. Several modules corroborate known roles of CREs in drought response, pathogen defense, cell wall metabolism, and fruit ripening, whereas others reveal novel functions in plants. Comparisons with Arabidopsis suggest a general conservation in promoter architecture, gene expression dynamics, and GCN structure across species. Systems analyses of CREs provide insights into the grapevine cis-regulatory code and establish a foundation for future genomic studies in grapevine.
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Darren Chern Jan
authors.initials: DCJ
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lopez Gutierrez
authors.affiliation: Ecophysiologie et Génomique Fonctionnelle de la Vigne, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRA, Université de Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
authors.forename: Gregory Alan
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gambetta
authors.affiliation: Wine Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
authors.forename: Simone Diego
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Castellarin
mesh_terms: D000040:Abscisic Acid; D055864:Droughts; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D017343:Genes, Plant; D018745:Genome, Plant; D023281:Genomics; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D050436:Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional; D020218:Response Elements; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000235:genetics*; D027843:Vitis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D000040:Abscisic Acid
keywords: cis-regulatory element; gene co-expression network; grapevine; promoter; transcriptional regulation