title: Catheter-directed interventions for pulmonary embolism.
abstract: Pulmonary embolism (PE), a potentially life-threatening entity, can be treated medically, surgically, and percutaneously. In patients with right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), anticoagulation alone may be insufficient to restore cardiac function. Because of the morbidity and mortality associated with surgical embolectomy, clinical interest in catheter-directed interventions (CDI) has resurged. We describe specific catheter-directed techniques and the evidence supporting percutaneous treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Hermann Memorial City, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Mehrzad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarghouni
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Hearns W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Maldonado
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Deipolyi
keywords: Angiography; pulmonary embolism (PE); thrombolytic therapy