title: Models for drug absorption from the small intestine: where are we and where are we going?
abstract: The small intestine is a complex organ with movements, flora, mucus and flows. Despite this, the most widely used absorption models consider the organ a cylindrical monoepithelial tube. This review presents the recent evolution of models to take into consideration the complex nature of gut physiology. The most commonly encountered issues are ethical (in vivo models) and differences in drug transport as a result of a modified expression of drug transporters or metabolic enzymes compared with human (in vitro and in vivo models). Finally, this review discusses the way forward to reach an ideal equilibrium between reproducibility, predictability and efficiency for predicting permeability. The features of an ideal model are listed as a guideline for future development.
authors.affiliation: MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, France.
authors.forename: Pierre-André
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Billat
authors.affiliation: MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, France.
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Roger
authors.affiliation: MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.affiliation: MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Université Bretagne Loire, France; Pharmacy Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France. Electronic address: frederic.lagarce@univ-angers.fr.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lagarce
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations