title: A Technical Framework for Studying the Signaling Nexus of Brassinosteroids and Immunity.
abstract: Pathway cross-communication cannot be simply tackled by studying isolated signaling systems. Yet understanding how signal transduction pathways attenuate or reinforce each other in vivo is a challenging task. In plants, biosynthesis and signaling of brassinosteroids (BRs) finely regulate growth and defense programs through a complex array of mechanistic and physiological interactions. Conversely, induction of defenses also impacts on the BR biosynthesis at the transcriptional level. In this chapter, we present an experimental framework to study the physiological connection between BR-controlled growth and defenses. We focus on the signaling pathways regulated by the two archetypal cell surface receptors, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2), to illustrate the signaling nexus of BRs and plant immunity. In Arabidopsis thaliana, these pathways provide one of the very few systems in which the tools and mechanistic details exist to study cross talk at the molecular level.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology (PSC), Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 201602, Shanghai, China. lozano-duran@sibs.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozano-Durán
authors.affiliation: Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Youssef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Belkhadir
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D001681:Biological Assay; D060406:Brassinosteroids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D057865:Plant Immunity / Q000235:genetics*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000276:immunology; D036226:Seedlings / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D060406:Brassinosteroids; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D011494:Protein Kinases; C463660:BAK1 protein, Arabidopsis; C411853:FLS2 protein, Arabidopsis; C108270:BRI1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C023623:brassinolide
keywords: BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1); BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (BAK1); Callose deposition; Cross talk; FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE 2 (FLS2); Growth; Immunity; MAPKs activation; Reactive oxygen species (ROS); Receptor interaction; Regulation of gene expression; Seedling growth inhibition