title: A Multifactorial Comparison of Ternary Combinations of Essential Oils in Topical Preparations to Current Antibiotic Prescription Therapies for the Control of Acne Vulgaris-Associated Bacteria.
abstract: Acne vulgaris, a chronic condition associated with overgrowth of Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, is commonly treated with antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance has resulted in a need for alternative therapies. The aim of this study is to develop a topical preparation incorporating essential oils (EOs) for use against acne-associated bacteria and assess its efficacy against prescription therapies Dalacin T and Stiemycin. Antimicrobial screening of rosewood, clove bud and litsea EOs was conducted before interactions between binary and ternary combinations were determined against P. acnes and S. epidermidis (type and clinical isolates) using minimum inhibitory concentrations and fractional inhibitory concentrations. The EOs were characterised by both gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. A combination of 0.53 mg/mL litsea, 0.11 mg/mL rosewood and 0.11 mg/mL clove bud was formulated into herbal distillates and compared with Dalacin T and Stiemycin against antibiotic sensitive and resistant isolates (erythromycin). The distillate with EO had synergistic activity against P. acnes (7log10reduction) and indifferent activity against S. epidermidis (6log10reduction); antimicrobial activity was either significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more antimicrobial or equivalent to that of Dalacin T and Stiemycin. This formulation may serve as a valuable alternative for the control of acne vulgaris-associated bacteria. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-4591
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grootveld
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Randolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arroo
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Rodado
authors.affiliation: Penny Price Aromatherapy, Hinckley, UK.
authors.forename: Penny
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laird
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin
keywords: Propionibacterium acnes; Staphylococcus epidermidis; acne vulgaris; antimicrobial synergy; essential oils