title: Long-Term Vitamin D Supplementation Affects Metabolic Status in Vitamin D-Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.
abstract: Background:Vitamin D might be beneficial in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) through its favorable effects on metabolic profiles and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.Objective:This study was performed to examine the effects of 6 mo of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status in diabetic patients with CAD.Methods:This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 vitamin D-deficient diabetic patients with CAD aged 40-85 y. Subjects were randomly assigned into 2 groups to take either 50,000-IU vitamin D supplements (n= 30) or placebo (n= 30) every 2 wk for 6 mo. Fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning of the study and after the 6-mo intervention to quantify glycemic indicators, lipid concentrations, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress.Results:Compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation resulted in significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose (-14.9 ± 7.1 compared with +19.3 ± 7.1 mg/dL;P= 0.001), serum insulin (-2.7 ± 1.1 compared with +1.8 ± 1.1 μIU/mL;P= 0.006), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (-0.7 ± 0.3 compared with +0.5 ± 0.3;P= 0.01), and β cell function (-9.1 ± 4.2 compared with +5.7 ± 4.2;P= 0.01) and a significant increase in serum vitamin D (+6.8 ± 0.9 compared with +0.1 ± 0.9 ng/mL;P< 0.001) and the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (+0.008 ± 0.004 compared with -0.007 ± 0.004;P= 0.01). In addition, changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; -1.0 ± 0.5 compared with +0.6 ± 0.5 μg/mL;P= 0.02), plasma nitric oxide (NO; +7.0 ± 2.0 compared with -4.6 ± 2.0 μmol/L;P< 0.001), total reduced glutathione (GSH; +104 ± 16.4 compared with +24.8 ± 16.4 μmol/L;P= 0.001), and malondialdehyde concentrations (-0.2 ± 0.1 compared with +0.2 ± 0.1 μmol/L;P< 0.001) in the supplemented group were significantly different from the changes in these indicators in the placebo group.Conclusions:Overall, 6 mo of vitamin D supplementation among vitamin D-deficient diabetic patients with CAD had beneficial effects on glycemic control and serum hs-CRP, NO, GSH, and malondialdehyde concentrations. This trial was registered on the Iranian website (www.irct.ir) for registration of clinical trials as IRCT201510315623N56.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farrokhian
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Fariba
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raygan
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, and.
authors.forename: Fereshteh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bahmani
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
authors.forename: Hamid Reza
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Talari
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Esfandiari
authors.affiliation: Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute.|Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and.|Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, and asemi_r@yahoo.com.
authors.forename: Zatollah
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Asemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008055:Lipids; D014807:Vitamin D
keywords: coronary artery disease; inflammation; insulin resistance; lipid profiles; oxidative stress; type 2 diabetes mellitus; vitamin D supplementation