title: Innate immune response in neonate Holstein heifer calves fed fresh or frozen colostrum.
abstract: The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of maternal cells from colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune response in Holstein calves. Calves were divided into 2 groups: COL+ (n=10) received fresh colostrum; and COL- (n=10) which received frozen colostrum containing no viable cells. The calves were assessed before colostrum intake (D0), 48h of age (D2), and weekly from D7 up to D28. Blood samples were collected for analysis of the distribution of leukocytes, cellular phenotype and in vitro granulocyte function. COL+ calves tended to have a high number of neutrophils on D7 (p=0.073). COL- calves took up significantly more Escherichia coli (measured as MFI) on D7 (p=0.034). Endogenous production of radicals (as percentage of cells) tended to be higher in COL- calves on D14 (p=0.061). The intensity of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by granulocytes tended to be higher in COL+ calves on D21 (p=0.094). Overall, ROS production (percent of cells, and MFI) induced by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were higher in COL+ calves than COL- calves. It was our observation that COL+ calves developed an innate immune response more quickly and efficiently after natural exposure to pathogens after birth. In contrast, COL- calves mounted an innate response more slowly that yielded a persistent inflammatory response after natural exposure to these bacteria agents. This research provides evidence of an advantage to the calf of receiving fresh colostrum on the development and function of the innate immune system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: jufreis123@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Juliana França Dos Reis
authors.initials: JFDR
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: medvetsylvia@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Sylvia Marquart Fontes
authors.initials: SMF
authors.lastname: Novo
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: camila.rcosta@usp.br.
authors.forename: Camila Costa
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baccili
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: na_sobreira@usp.br.
authors.forename: Natália Meirelles
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sobreira
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health and Management Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. Electronic address: djhurley@uga.edu.
authors.forename: David John
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: vivani.gomes@usp.br.
authors.forename: Viviani
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gomes
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D003126:Colostrum; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007112:Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology
keywords: Fresh colostrum; Frozen colostrum; Neutrophil; Phagocytosis; Reactive species of oxygen (ROS)