title: Emerging Clinical Benefits of New-Generation Fat Emulsions in Preterm Neonates.
abstract: Soybean oil-based intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs) have been the predominant parenteral nutrition IVFE used in the United States for neonates over the past 45 years. Even though this emulsion has proven useful in supplying infants with energy for growth and essential fatty acids, there have been concerns over its composition in the development of several morbidities, ranging from sepsis to liver disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and impaired neurodevelopment and growth. The exact mechanisms that drive these morbidities in preterm infants are multifactorial, but potential contributors include high ω-6 (n-6) fatty acid composition, low docosahexaenoic acid and antioxidant supplementation, and the presence of potentially harmful nonnutritive components (eg, phytosterols). To address these issues, new-generation IVFEs with various types and amounts of fat have been developed containing greater amounts of the medium-chain fatty acids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lower concentrations of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, supplemental vitamin E, and low or negligible amounts of phytosterols. This review examines the clinical outcomes associated with different morbidities of parenteral nutrition in neonates who have received either soybean oil-based or new-generation IVFEs and addresses whether the proposed benefits of new-generation IVFEs have improved outcomes in the neonatal population.
authors.affiliation: 1 USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.affiliation: 2 Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Premkumar
authors.affiliation: 1 USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: Douglas G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Burrin
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000254:growth & development*; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D065886:Neurodevelopmental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D010840:Phytosterols; D014280:Triglycerides; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil
keywords: bronchopulmonary dysplasia; fish oils; intravenous fat emulsions; medium chain triglycerides; neurodevelopment; olive oil; parenteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition associated liver disease; premature infants; sepsis; soybean oil