title: High Levels of Hemoglobin Promote Carotid Adventitial Vasa Vasorum Neoangiogenesis in Chronic Kidney Disease.
abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, characterized by traditional and nontraditional risk factors, are prone to develop atheromatosis and thus cardiovascular events and mortality. The angiogenesis of the adventitial vasa vasorum (aVV) surrounding the carotid has been described as the atheromatosis initiator. Therefore, the aim of the study was to (1) evaluate if the carotid aVV in CKD patients increases in comparison to its physiological value of healthy patients; (2) explore which traditional or nontraditional risk factor including inflammation, bone and mineral metabolism, and anemia could be related to the aVV angiogenesis. CKD patients without previous cardiovascular events (44, stages 3-4; 37, stage 5D) and 65 healthy subjects were compared. The carotid aVV and the intima-media thickness (cIMT) were evaluated by ultrasound. CKD patients at stages 3-4 showed higher aVV of the right carotid artery even after adjusting for age. Importantly, a multiple linear regression model showed hemoglobin levels > 12.5 g/dL as the factor for an estimated higher aVV of the right carotid artery. In conclusion, the association of hemoglobin with higher aVV could suggest the role of high hemoglobin in the higher incidence of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; Unitat de Detecció i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombòtiques, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Vittoria
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-4209-6245
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Arcidiacono
authors.affiliation: Statistics Department, IRBLleida, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez-Alonso
authors.affiliation: Sistemes Renals, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Belart
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilar
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Craver
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; Unitat de Detecció i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombòtiques, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Àngels
authors.initials: À
authors.lastname: Betriu
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dídac
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-2868-0250
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mauricio
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; Unitat de Detecció i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombòtiques, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Valdivielso
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; Unitat de Detecció i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombòtiques, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Lleida, Spain; Unitat de Detecció i Tractament de Malalties Aterotrombòtiques, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain; Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain.
authors.forename: Mercè
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-7498-4773
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borràs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014651:Vasa Vasorum / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014807:Vitamin D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D005293:Ferritins; D002784:Cholesterol; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D