title: Tri-Layered Nanocomposite Hydrogel Scaffold for the Concurrent Regeneration of Cementum, Periodontal Ligament, and Alveolar Bone.
abstract: A tri-layered scaffolding approach is adopted for the complete and concurrent regeneration of hard tissues-cementum and alveolar bone-and soft tissue-the periodontal ligament (PDL)-at a periodontal defect site. The porous tri-layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold is composed of chitin-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/nanobioactive glass ceramic (nBGC)/cementum protein 1 as the cementum layer, chitin-PLGA/fibroblast growth factor 2 as the PDL layer, and chitin-PLGA/nBGC/platelet-rich plasma derived growth factors as the alveolar bone layer. The tri-layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold is cytocompatible and favored cementogenic, fibrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation of human dental follicle stem cells. In vivo, tri-layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with/without growth factors is implanted into rabbit maxillary periodontal defects and compared with the controls at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. The tri-layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with growth factors demonstrates complete defect closure and healing with new cancellous-like tissue formation on microcomputed tomography analysis. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further confirm the formation of new cementum, fibrous PDL, and alveolar bone with well-defined bony trabeculae in comparison to the other three groups. In conclusion, the tri-layered nanocomposite hydrogel scaffold with growth factors can serve as an alternative regenerative approach to achieve simultaneous and complete periodontal regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sowmya
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: Ullas
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mony
authors.affiliation: Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayachandran
authors.affiliation: Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reshma
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: R Arun
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arzate
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: Shantikumar V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.affiliation: Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita University, 682041, Kochi, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects*; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020100:Hydrogels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D053761:Nanocomposites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000293:injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020100:Hydrogels
keywords: alveolar bone; cementum; layered; nanocomposite; periodontal ligament; scaffold