title: Screening and analysis of potential anti-tumor components from the stipe of Ganoderma sinense using high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical tool.
abstract: According to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, Ganoderma (Lingzhi) is a species complex that comprise of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense. The bioactivity and chemical composition of G. lucidium had been studied extensively, and it was shown to possess antitumor activities in pharmacological studies. In contrast, G. sinense has not been studied in great detail. Our previous studies found that the stipe of G. sinense exhibited more potent antitumor activity than the pileus. To identify the antitumor compounds in the stipe of G. sinense, we studied its chemical components by merging the bioactivity results with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based chemometrics. The stipe of G. sinense was extracted with water, followed by ethanol precipitation and liquid-liquid partition. The resulting residue was fractionated using column chromatography. The antitumor activity of these fractions were analysed using MTT assay in murine breast tumor 4T1 cells, and their chemical components were studied using the LC-QTOF-MS with multivariate statistical tools. The chemometric and MS/MS analysis correlated bioactivity with five known cytotoxic compounds, 4-hyroxyphenylacetate, 9-oxo-(10E,12E)-octadecadienoic acid, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid, 13-oxo-(9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid and lingzhine C, from the stipe of G. sinense. To the best of our knowledge, 4-hyroxyphenylacetate, 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid and lingzhine C are firstly reported to be found in G. sinense. These five compounds will be investigated for their antitumor activities in the future.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Kar-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Grace Gar-Lee
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.affiliation: College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Eric Chun-Wai
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Julia Kin-Ming
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Ph.D. Programs in Biochemistry, Biology, and Chemistry, City University of New York, The Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. Electronic address: Edward.kennelly@lehman.cuny.edu.
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kennelly
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong. Electronic address: claralau@cuhk.edu.hk.
authors.forename: Clara Bik-San
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
keywords: 3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid; 4-hyroxyphenylacetate; Anti-tumor; Chemometrics; Ganoderma sinense; LC-QTOF-MS; Lingzhine C