title: Significantly enhanced base activation of peroxymonosulfate by polyphosphates: Kinetics and mechanism.
abstract: Base activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) is a common process aiming for water treatment, but requires high doses of PDS and strongly basic solutions. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS), another peroxygen of sulfurate derived from PDS, may also be activated by a less basic solution. However, enhancing the base-PMS reactivity is still challenging. Here it is reported that pyrophosphate (PA) and tripolyphosphate (PB) can efficiently enhance PMS activation under weakly alkaline conditions (pH 9.5) via the formation of superoxide anion radical (O2•-) and singlet oxygen (1O2). The rate constant of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) degradation in PA/PMS system (kPA/PMS) was nearly 4.4-15.9 fold higher than that in PMS/base system (kPMS/base) without any polyphosphates. Increases in PA (or PB) concentration, PMS dose and pH favored the rapid dye degradation. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) data confirmed AO7 and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were decomposed to a series of organic intermediates. The radical quenching and probe oxidation experiments indicate the degradation of organic compounds in the PA/PMS and PB/PMS processes was not reliant on sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (OH) species but on O2-and1O2reactive species. Comparison experiments show that the polyphosphate/PMS process was much more favorable than PDS/base process. The present work provides a novel way to activate PMS for contaminant removal using industrial polyphosphate wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China; State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Xiaoyi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Changling
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Zhuning
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.affiliation: East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, 200090, China.
authors.forename: Dongxue
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; International Center for Balanced Land Use (ICBLU), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: zhaohuiwang@dhu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Zhaohui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
authors.forename: Jianshe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Cooperative Centre for WEEE Recycling, School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China. Electronic address: ygguo@sspu.edu.cn.
authors.forename: Yaoguang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010545:Peroxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000737:chemistry*; D062065:Wastewater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010545:Peroxides; D011122:Polyphosphates; D013431:Sulfates; D062065:Wastewater; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C069025:sulfate radical; C038288:peroxymonosulfate
keywords: Degradation; Peroxymonosulfate activation; Radical quenching; Singlet oxygen