title: Dendritic Release of Neurotransmitters.
abstract: Release of neuroactive substances by exocytosis from dendrites is surprisingly widespread and is not confined to a particular class of transmitters: it occurs in multiple brain regions, and includes a range of neuropeptides, classical neurotransmitters, and signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, ATP, and arachidonic acid. This review is focused on hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells that release vasopressin and oxytocin and midbrain neurons that release dopamine. For these two model systems, the stimuli, mechanisms, and physiological functions of dendritic release have been explored in greater detail than is yet available for other neurons and neuroactive substances. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:235-252, 2017.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Apps
authors.affiliation: Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menzies
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Jyoti C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.|Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Margaret E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005089:Exocytosis; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D014667:Vasopressins; D010121:Oxytocin; D002118:Calcium; D004298:Dopamine