title: TGF-β1 protects intestinal integrity and influences Smads and MAPK signal pathways in IPEC-J2 after TNF-α challenge.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of TGF-β1 on intestinal epithelial barrier, as well as canonical Smad and MAPK signal pathways involved in these protection processes by a IPEC-J2 model stimulated with TNF-α. IPEC-J2 monolayers were treated without or with TNF-α in the absence or presence of TGF-β1. The results showed that TGF-β1 pretreatment ameliorated TNF-α-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disturbances as indicated by decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and increase of paracellular permeability. TGF-β1 also dramatically alleviated TNF-α-induced alteration of TJ proteins ZO-1 and occludin. Moreover, TGF-β1 pretreatment increased TβRII protein expression in IPEC-J2 monolayers challenged with TNF-α. In addition, a significant increase of Smad4 and Smad7 mRNA was also observed in the TGF-β1 pretreatment after TNF-α challenge compared with the control group. Furthermore, TGF-β1 pretreatment enhanced smad2 protein activation. These results indicated that the canonical Smad signaling pathway was activated by TGF-β1 pretreatment. Finally, TGF-β1 pretreatment decreased the ratios of the phosphorylated to total JNK and p38 (p-JNK/JNK and p-p38/p38) and increased the ratio of ERK (p-ERK/ERK). Anti-TGF-β1 Abs reduced these TGF-β1 effects. These results indicated that TGF-β1 protects intestinal integrity and influences Smad and MAPK signal pathways in IPEC-J2 after TNF-α challenge.
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Shuting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Lefei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Zehe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Song
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Animal Science College, Zhejiang University; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
authors.forename: Caihong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D017097:Electric Impedance; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000502:physiology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology*; D062793:Occludin / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051906:Smad7 Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D019108:Tight Junctions; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D062793:Occludin; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
keywords: IPEC-J2; MAPK; Smads; TGF-β1; intestinal barrier