title: Increased CD11b and Hypoxia-Inducible Factors-1alpha Expressions in the Lung Tissue and Surfactant Protein-D Levels in Serum Are Related with Acute Lung Injury in Severe Malaria of C57BL/6 Mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to reveal the role of CD11b and hypoxia-inducible factors-1alpha (HIF-1α) expressions on monocytes and alveolar macrophages of lung tissue, and the levels of serum surfactant protein-D (SP-D) in severe malaria-associated acute lung injury (ALI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The C57BL/6 mice were divided into control group, renal malaria group (inoculated with 106Plasmodium bergheiANKA), and cerebral malaria group (inoculated with 107P. bergheiANKA). The expressions of CD11b and HIF-1α in lung tissue were observed by immunohistochemistry, and serum SP-D levels were measured by ELISA. This study was conducted from June 2014 to February 2015 in the Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CD11b expression on pulmonary tissue of renal and cerebral malaria mice were significantly higher than control mice (P=0.002;P=0.002), as well as the HIF-1α expression on pulmonary tissue (P=0.002;P=0.002). The level of serum SP-D in renal malaria and cerebral malaria mice were significantly higher than control mice (P=0.002;P=0.002). We found a strong correlation between the expression of CD11b and HIF-1α in lung tissue (r=0.937,P=0.000), as well as between CD11b expression and serum SP-D levels (r=0.907,P=0.000) and between HIF-1α expression and serum SP-D levels (r=0.913,P=0.000).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe malaria-associated ALI increased the expression of CD11b and HIF-1α in the lung tissue and increased serum SP-D levels of C57BL/6 mice significantly.
authors.affiliation: Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Wike Astrid
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cahayani
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anatomic Pathology, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Eviana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norahmawati
authors.affiliation: Division of Tropical Infection, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Niniek
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Budiarti
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Loeki Enggar
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fitri
keywords: Acute lung injury; CD11b; HIF-1alpha; SP-D; Severe malaria