title: Word and object recognition during reading acquisition: MEG evidence.
abstract: Studies on adults suggest that reading-induced brain changes might not be limited to linguistic processes. It is still unclear whether these results can be generalized to reading development. The present study shows to which extent neural responses to verbal and nonverbal stimuli are reorganized while children learn to read. MEG data of thirty Basque children (4-8y) were collected while they were presented with written words, spoken words and visual objects. The evoked fields elicited by the experimental stimuli were compared to their scrambled counterparts. Visual words elicited left posterior (200-300ms) and temporal activations (400-800ms). The size of these effects increased as reading performance improved, suggesting a reorganization of children's visual word responses. Spoken words elicited greater left temporal responses relative to scrambles (300-700ms). No evidence for the influence of reading expertise was observed. Brain responses to objects were greater than to scrambles in bilateral posterior regions (200-500ms). There was a greater left hemisphere involvement as reading errors decreased, suggesting a strengthened verbal decoding of visual configurations with reading acquisition. The present results reveal that learning to read not only influences written word processing, but also affects visual object recognition, suggesting a non-language specific impact of reading on children's neural mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain. Electronic address: s.caffarra@bcbl.eu.
authors.forename: Sendy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caffarra
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
authors.forename: Clara D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain.
authors.forename: Mikel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lizarazu
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain.
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lallier
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain.
authors.forename: Asier
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zarraga
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.affiliation: BCBL, Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language, Mikeletegi 69, Donostia 20009, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain.
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carreiras
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011932:Reading; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: MEG; Object recognition; Reading acquisition; Speech processing; Visual word recognition