title: Dietary Prebiotics and Bioactive Milk Fractions Improve NREM Sleep, Enhance REM Sleep Rebound and Attenuate the Stress-Induced Decrease in Diurnal Temperature and Gut Microbial Alpha Diversity.
abstract: Severe, repeated or chronic stress produces negative health outcomes including disruptions of the sleep/wake cycle and gut microbial dysbiosis. Diets rich in prebiotics and glycoproteins impact the gut microbiota and may increase gut microbial species that reduce the impact of stress. This experiment tested the hypothesis that consumption of dietary prebiotics, lactoferrin (Lf) and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) will reduce the negative physiological impacts of stress. Male F344 rats, postnatal day (PND) 24, received a diet with prebiotics, Lf and MFGM (test) or a calorically matched control diet. Fecal samples were collected on PND 35/70/91 for 16S rRNA sequencing to examine microbial composition and, in a subset of rats;Lactobacillus rhamnosuswas measured using selective culture. On PND 59, biotelemetry devices were implanted to record sleep/wake electroencephalographic (EEG). Rats were exposed to an acute stressor (100, 1.5 mA, tail shocks) on PND 87 and recordings continued until PND 94. Test diet, compared to control diet, increased fecalLactobacillus rhamnosuscolony forming units (CFU), facilitated non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep consolidation (PND 71/72) and enhanced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep rebound after stressor exposure (PND 87). Rats fed control diet had stress-induced reductions in alpha diversity and diurnal amplitude of temperature, which were attenuated by the test diet (PND 91). Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed a significant linear relationship between early-lifeDeferribacteres(PND 35) and longer NREM sleep episodes (PND 71/72). A diet containing prebiotics, Lf and MFGM enhanced sleep quality, which was related to changes in gut bacteria and modulated the impact of stress on sleep, diurnal rhythms and the gut microbiota.
authors.affiliation: Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at BoulderBoulder, CO, USA; The Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.affiliation: Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at BoulderBoulder, CO, USA; The Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roller
authors.affiliation: Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at BoulderBoulder, CO, USA; The Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mika
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Denver Denver, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine San Diego, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition Evansville, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chichlowski
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Nutrition Institute, Mead Johnson Nutrition Evansville, IN, USA.
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.affiliation: Stress Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at BoulderBoulder, CO, USA; The Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fleshner
keywords: MFGM; lactoferrin; nutrition; prebiotics; sleep; stress; temperature