title: The glia of the adult Drosophila nervous system.
abstract: Glia play crucial roles in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. While the GLIA in the Drosophila embryo have been well characterized, their study in the adult nervous system has been limited. Here, we present a detailed description of the glia in the adult nervous system, based on the analysis of some 500 glial drivers we identified within a collection of synthetic GAL4 lines. We find that glia make up ∼10% of the cells in the nervous system and envelop all compartments of neurons (soma, dendrites, axons) as well as the nervous system as a whole. Our morphological analysis suggests a set of simple rules governing the morphogenesis of glia and their interactions with other cells. All glial subtypes minimize contact with their glial neighbors but maximize their contact with neurons and adapt their macromorphology and micromorphology to the neuronal entities they envelop. Finally, glial cells show no obvious spatial organization or registration with neuronal entities. Our detailed description of all glial subtypes and their regional specializations, together with the powerful genetic toolkit we provide, will facilitate the functional analysis of glia in the mature nervous system. GLIA 2017 GLIA 2017;65:606-638.
authors.affiliation: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center of Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.|Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia.
authors.forename: Malte C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.affiliation: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center of Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.affiliation: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center of Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Batelli
authors.affiliation: Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia.
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.affiliation: Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Center of Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gaul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D016827:CD8 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009420:Nervous System / Q000166:cytology*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000145:classification* / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016827:CD8 Antigens; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C557617:GAL4 protein, Drosophila; D014157:Transcription Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins
keywords: GAL4 lines; glial cell interaction; glial subtypes; morphology; multicolor mosaic