title: Fluorescently labelled multiplex lateral flow immunoassay based on cadmium-free quantum dots.
abstract: A sensitive tool for simultaneous qualitative detection of two mycotoxins based on use of non-cadmium quantum dots (QDs) is presented for the first time. QDs have proven themselves as promising fluorescent labels for biolabeling and chemical analysis. With an increasing global tendency to regulate and limit the use of hazardous elements, indium phosphide (InP) QDs are highlighted as environmentally-friendly alternatives to the highly efficient and well-studied, but potentially toxic Cd- and Pb-based QDs. Here, we developed water-soluble InP QDs-based fluorescent nanostructures. They consisted of core/shell InP/ZnS QDs enrobed in a silica shell that allowed the water solubility (QD@SiO2). Then we applied the QD@SiO2as novel, silica shell-encapsulated fluorescent labels in immunoassays for rapid multiplexed screening. Two mycotoxins, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, were simultaneously detected in maize and wheat, since the two QD@SiO2labelled conjugates emit at two different, individually detectable wavelengths. The cutoff values for the simultaneous determination were 50 and 500μgkg-1for zearalenone and deoxynivalenol, respectively, in both maize and wheat. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to confirm the result.
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Saratov State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia. Electronic address: beloglazovanv@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Natalia V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Beloglazova
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Saratov State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Aleksander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sobolev
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Mickael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Nano and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Zeger
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hens
authors.affiliation: Saratov State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Astrakhanskaya 83, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
authors.forename: Irina Yu
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Goryacheva
authors.affiliation: Ghent University, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Food Analysis, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Saeger
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D002104:Cadmium; D004339:Drug Compounding; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D018796:Immunoconjugates / Q000737:chemistry; D007204:Indium / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010720:Phosphines / Q000737:chemistry*; D045663:Quantum Dots / Q000737:chemistry*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012995:Solubility; D013440:Sulfides / Q000737:chemistry*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis*; D017967:Zinc Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D009183:Mycotoxins; D010720:Phosphines; D013440:Sulfides; D014255:Trichothecenes; D017967:Zinc Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D007204:Indium; D014867:Water; D015025:Zearalenone; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; C007262:deoxynivalenol; C031238:zinc sulfide; C090882:indium phosphide
keywords: Cadmium-free; Indium phosphide (InP); Lateral flow immunoassay; Mycotoxins; QD@SiO(2); Quantum dots