title: A global prospective of income distribution and its effect on life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management: a review.
abstract: This study reviewed the municipal solid waste (MSW) composition, the management practices, and the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) tool for MSW management (MSWM) options in the various income group countries. LCA studies require inventory data, which is difficult to procure for any country including higher income group countries, and this issue gets compounded in low-income and lower middle-income group countries, which limits the implementation of LCA. This paper compared the use of LCA for MSWM between high-income and low-income group countries and also highlights the gap in using LCA for MSWM. A very limited number of LCA studies on MSWM were found for low-income group countries in comparison to high-income group countries. The study also provided a critical discussion on the challenges in applications of LCA in MSWM for better solid waste management in low-income and lower middle-income group countries. The study will help in taking up LCA studies in low-income countries to improve the overall MSWM efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
authors.forename: Pooja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India. sukh_samadder@yahoo.co.in.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Samadder
mesh_terms: D011446:Prospective Studies; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D062611:Solid Waste; D018505:Waste Management
chemical_list: D062611:Solid Waste
keywords: Gross domestic product; Income group; Integrated solid waste management; Inventory data; Life cycle assessment; Policy; Solid waste composition; System boundaries