title: Inflammation as a contributing factor among postmenopausal Saudi women with osteoporosis.
abstract: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an important metabolic bone disease characterized by rapid bone loss occurring in the postmenopausal period. Recently, the most prevalent form of clinically significant osteopenia and osteoporosis involves various inflammatory conditions. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between proinflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) with bone turnover markers (BTMs) in postmenopausal Saudi women with and without osteoporosis. A total of 200 postmenopausal Saudi women ≥50 years old, 100 with osteoporosis and 100 without osteoporosis (control) were recruited under the supervision of qualified physicians in King Salman Hospital and King Fahd Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined using Luminex xMAP technology. N-telopeptides of collagen type I (NTx) was assessed using ELISA, 25(OH) vitamin D and osteocalcin were determined using electrochemiluminescence, serum calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) were measured by a chemical analyzer. Serum IL-1β, IL-6, NTx, and PTH levels in women with osteoporosis were significantly higher than controls. Although IL-4 and osteocalcin were significantly lower than controls. IL-1β and TNF-α were positively associated with NTx in osteoporosis women. TNF-α, IL-6, and TNF-α were positively correlated with IL-lβ in both groups. A significant negative correlation between osteocalcin and IL-1β in healthy women and women with osteoporosis were observed. Findings of the present study implicate a role for cytokine pattern-mediated inflammation in patients with osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Prince Mutaib Chair for Biomarkers of Osteoporosis, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolism Center, King Fahad Medical City, Faculty of Medicine College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nasser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Al-Daghri
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Sobhy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yakout
authors.forename: Naji J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Aljohani
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.forename: Osama E
authors.initials: OE
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Eman
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sheshah
authors.forename: Ghaida Zakaria
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Younis
authors.forename: Fahad Badr M
authors.initials: FBM
authors.lastname: Al-Badr
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000097:blood*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; C508585:IL1B protein, human; C508598:IL4 protein, human; C508600:IL6 protein, human; D053583:Interleukin-1beta; D015850:Interleukin-6; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010455:Peptides; D010710:Phosphates; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D014807:Vitamin D; D015847:Interleukin-4; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D; D002118:Calcium