title: Psychological distress among re-education through labour camp detainees in Guangxi Autonomous Region, China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is currently no information about the prevalence of, and factors contributing to psychological distress experienced by re-education through labour camp detainees in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional face-to-face survey was conducted in three labour camps in Guangxi, China. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic characteristics; sexually transmissible infections (STIs); drug use; psychological distress (K-10); and health service usage and access inside the labour camps. K-10 scores were categorised as ≤30 (low to moderate distress) and  >30 or more (highly distressed). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models identified factors independently associated with high K-10 scores for men and women separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 755 detainees, 576 (76%) men and 179 (24%) women, participated in the health survey. The study found 11.6% men versus 11.2% women detainees experienced high psychological distress, but no significant gender differences were observed (p> 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that multiple physical health problems were significantly associated with high psychological distress among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drug treatment and forensic mental health services need to be established in detention centres in China to treat more than 10% of detainees with drug use and mental health disorders.
authors.affiliation: a The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.affiliation: b School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Su
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.affiliation: a The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.|b School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne , Australia.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: c Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: c Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control , Guangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Nanning , China.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: d National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC) , Beijing , China.
authors.forename: Zunyou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: e President"s Research Project Group, WZB Berlin Social Research Center , Berlin , Germany.|f The Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University , Perth , Australia , and.
authors.forename: Jianghong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: a The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wand
authors.affiliation: a The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.|g Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Sydney Hospital , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Donovan
authors.affiliation: a The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002681:China; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011329:Prisoners / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D057566:Self Report; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: China; K-10; labour camps; prisoners; psychological distress