title: Londrina Activities of Daily Living Protocol: Reproducibility, Validity, and Reference Values in Physically Independent Adults Age 50 Years and Older.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to assess activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults due to impairment of independence and quality of life. However, there is no objective and standardized protocol available to assess this outcome. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility and validity of a new protocol for ADL assessment applied in physically independent adults age ≥50 y, the Londrina ADL protocol, and to establish an equation to predict reference values of the Londrina ADL protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three physically independent adults age ≥50 y had their performance in ADL evaluated by registering the time spent to conclude the protocol. The protocol was performed twice. The 6-min walk test, which assesses functional exercise capacity, was used as a validation criterion. A multiple linear regression model was applied, including anthropometric and demographic variables that correlated with the protocol, to establish an equation to predict the protocol's reference values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In general, the protocol was reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.91). The average difference between the first and second protocol was 5.3%. The new protocol was valid to assess ADL performance in the studied subjects, presenting a moderate correlation with the 6-min walk test (r = -0.53). The time spent to perform the protocol correlated significantly with age (r = 0.45) but neither with weight (r = -0.17) nor with height (r = -0.17). A model of stepwise multiple regression including sex and age showed that age was the only determinant factor to the Londrina ADL protocol, explaining 21% (P< .001) of its variability. The derived reference equation was: Londrina ADL protocolpred(s) = 135.618 + (3.102 × age [y]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Londrina ADL protocol was reproducible and valid in physically independent adults age ≥50 y. A reference equation for the protocol was established including only age as an independent variable (r2= 0.21), allowing a better interpretation of the protocol's results in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paes
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia Fernandes
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Belo
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diego Rodrigues
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Andrea Akemi
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donária
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Karina Couto
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Furlanetto
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Thaís
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sant'Anna
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pitta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Research in Respiratory Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. nyhernandes@gmail.com.
authors.forename: Nidia Aparecida
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hernandes
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002985:Clinical Protocols / Q000592:standards*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: activities of daily living; age; motor activity; reference values; reproducibility of results; validation studies