title: Hormonal Regulation of Nitric Oxide (NO) in Cardio-metabolic Diseases.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potential biochemical, cardio-metabolic risk marker. The production of NO is catalyzed by different isoforms of enzymes, NO synthases (NOS). An altered NO level is associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR), diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Activity of NOS and NO production are regulated by various hormones under physiological and pathophysiological condition.
  
  
  
  Data used for this review were obtained by searching the electronic database [PUBMED/MEDLINE 1984 - May 2016]. Additionally, abstracts from national and international diabetes and cardiovascular related meetings were searched. The main data search terms were: nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, cardio-metabolic risk, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-1.
  
  
  
  In this review, we summarize the recent literature data related to the regulation of endothelial NOS (eNOS), inducible (iNOS) activity/expression, and thereby NO production by the hormones: estradiol (E2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
  
  
  
  Understanding the regulation of NO production by different hormones such as E2, and IGF-1 may provide novel and useful knowledge regarding how endothelial dysfunction (ED) is linked with cardio-metabolic alterations and diseases.
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Emina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sudar-Milovanovic
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zafirovic
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Jovana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trebaljevac
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obradovic
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
authors.forename: Desanka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cenic-Milosevic
authors.affiliation: Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, P.O.Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
authors.forename: Esma R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Isenovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase
keywords: Nitric oxide; cardio-metabolic risk; estradiol; insulin-like growth factor-1; nitric oxide synthase