title: Prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome: the utility of easily reproducible screening methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the recognition of the importance of diagnosing dysglycaemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) there remains a lack of consensus on the best screening modality. Our primary aims were to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed dysglycaemia and to compare the OGTT and HbA1c criteria for diagnosis of T2DM in patients admitted to hospital with ACS at baseline and at 3-months. We also aimed to investigate the role of a screening algorithm and a predictor score to define glucose tolerance in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study in which patients admitted with ACS to two UK teaching hospitals were assessed at baseline and 3 months follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes at baseline was 20% and 16% based on OGTT and HbA1c criteria respectively. Forty three (43) % of the patients with T2DM based on OGTT would have been missed by the HbA1c criteria at baseline. Our screening algorithm identified 87% of patients with T2DM diagnosed with OGTT. Diabetes Predictor score had better sensitivity (>80%) and negative predictive value (>90%) compared to HbA1c criteria. Two thirds of participants with IGS and a third with T2DM changed their glycaemic status at 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only 48% of the patients admitted with ACS had normo-glycaemia based on OGTT. OGTT and HbA1c identified two different populations of patients with dysglycaemia with the HbA1c criteria missing almost half the patients with T2DM based on OGTT. Compared to HbA1c criteria our diabetes algorithm and diabetes predictor score had a better correlation with OGTT criteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Heartlands Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. m.a.karamat@bham.ac.uk.|Institute of Metabolism and Systems, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. m.a.karamat@bham.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Muhammad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karamat
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Umar Y
authors.initials: UY
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Manley
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Heartlands Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Wasim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanif
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Heartlands Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.|Institute of Metabolism and Systems, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.|Centre of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: Abd A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tahrani
mesh_terms: D054058:Acute Coronary Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; C517652:hemoglobin A1c protein, human