title: A Case-Crossover Study between Fine Particulate Matter Elemental Composition and Emergency Admission with Cardiovascular Disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is generally understood that Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) can cause high blood pressure. However, it remains unclear whether there is a relationship between the elemental composition of PM2.5and cardiovascular disease in emergency department patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crossover design for time stratified cases and conditional logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between emergency admissions for cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, TIA (Transient ischemic attack), coronary heart disease and PM2.5, concentrations of chemical element compositions, and Particulate Matter 10 (PM10) in Changsha city.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the temperature, atmosphere pressure, maximum wind speed, NO2and SO2were adjusted, the OR (Odd Ratio) of cerebral hemorrhage was 1.177 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.006-1.376, p = 0.04] with every10 μg/m3increase of PM2.5. PM10was unrelated to cardiovascular emergencies (p > 0.05). In addition, with each additional IQR (Interquartile Range) increase of Ni, Zn and Pb concentrations in PM2.5, the values of OR were 1.826 (95% CI: 1.031-3.233), 1.568 (95% CI: 1.015-2.423) and 1.682 (95% CI: 1.010-2.800), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Concentration rises of nickel, zinc and lead elements for PM2.5in Changsha city were related to the increase of emergency admissions with cerebral hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; ; Institue of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.
authors.forename: Yuqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University.
authors.forename: Yizhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; ; Institue of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: Institue of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Qihong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.affiliation: Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University; ; Institue of Environmental Health, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
keywords: Cerebral hemorrhage; Emergency admission; Fine particulate matter; Hypertension