title: Ejaculation does not contribute to the stress response to electroejaculation in sheep.
abstract: Electroejaculation procedures (EEPs) provoke stress; nevertheless, ejaculation produces physiological changes similar as those usually used to measure stress responses. The application of EEP to animals that cannot ejaculate-as ewes-may be useful to discriminate the responses induced by ejaculation from those provoked by EEP. The aim was to determine the stress response to EEP in rams and ewes. The EEPs were applied to 10 rams and 10 ewes during the non-breeding season, and the number of vocalizations, the heart rate, rectal temperature, serum cortisol concentration, biochemical and haematological parameters were measured. Overall, EEP provoked increases in cortisol concentration, glycaemia, rectal temperature and concentration of creatine kinase (all them: p < .0001) as well as relative concentration of granulocytes (p = .003) and absolute granulocyte concentration (p = .0002) in both, rams and ewes. Heart rate, relative concentration of lymphocytes (p = .001), haematocrit (p = .02) and haemoglobin (p = .045) decreased in animals from both genders after EEP. Besides, cortisol (p < .0001), rectal temperature (p = .002) and glycaemia (p = .001) were greater in ewes than rams, and creatine kinase also tended to be greater in ewes than rams (p = .054). On the other hand, the number of animals that vocalized (p = .006), white blood cells (p = .02) and absolute lymphocytes (p = .02) were greater in rams than ewes. The general trends show a similar pattern of stress responses in animals from both genders. Therefore, we concluded that ejaculation does not contribute to the stress response provoked by the EEP. This procedure also provokes muscular damage and probably pain.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.|Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abril-Sánchez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Freitas-de-Melo
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Damián
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giriboni
authors.affiliation: Centro de Tecnología Animal CITA-IVIA, Segorbe, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Villagrá-García
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ungerfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D034561:Sheep, Domestic; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone
keywords: animal welfare; distress; ovine; semen collection; small ruminants