title: Antimicrobial Activity of Punicalagin Against Staphylococcus aureus and Its Effect on Biofilm Formation.
abstract: Punicalagin, one of the main active compounds in pomegranate peel, has been reported to possess many properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect of punicalagin against Staphylococcus aureus and possible mode of action. Growth inhibition activity was examined by the agar diffusion method. Then agar dilution method was adopted to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The effects of punicalagin on cell membrane were assessed by measuring potassium efflux. Morphological changes of S. aureus were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Crystal violet assay was applied to investigate antibiofilm activity of punicalagin. Punicalagin exhibited good antistaphylococcal effect with an MIC of 0.25 mg/mL. An increase of potassium efflux was observed when cells were treated with punicalagin at 2 × MIC. Punicalagin induced morphological damages to the cell membrane. Moreover, punicalagin exerted a remarkable inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of S. aureus. These findings suggest that punicalagin has antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities against S. aureus and may have potential application to control S. aureus contamination in food industry.
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Peifeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: 2 Food and Bioengineering College, Xuchang University , Xuchang, China .
authors.forename: Guanghui
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.affiliation: 1 College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .|3 Sino-US Joint Research Center for Food Safety, Northwest A&F University , Yangling, China .
authors.forename: Xiaodong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects*; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010936:Plant Extracts; C115642:punicalagin
keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; biofilm; membrane; microscopy; punicalagin