title: Mitochondrial dynamics in type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiological implications.
abstract: Mitochondria play a key role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. These organelles have a high plasticity and are involved in dynamic processes such as mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis. Type 2 diabetes is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction, high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and low levels of ATP. Mitochondrial fusion is modulated by different proteins, including mitofusin-1 (MFN1), mitofusin-2 (MFN2) and optic atrophy (OPA-1), while fission is controlled by mitochondrial fission 1 (FIS1), dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF). PARKIN and (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) participate in the process of mitophagy, for which mitochondrial fission is necessary. In this review, we discuss the molecular pathways of mitochondrial dynamics, their impairment under type 2 diabetes, and pharmaceutical approaches for targeting mitochondrial dynamics, such as mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (mdivi-1), dynasore, P110 and 15-oxospiramilactone. Furthermore, we discuss the pathophysiological implications of impaired mitochondrial dynamics, especially in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rovira-Llopis
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bañuls
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Noelia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diaz-Morales
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Mijares
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Milagros
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.affiliation: Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain; CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: victor.victor@uv.es.
authors.forename: Victor M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Victor
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D063154:Mitochondrial Dynamics / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D063306:Mitophagy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate
keywords: Mitochondrial dynamics; Oxidative stress; Redox biology; Type 2 diabetes