title: The relationship between metal composition, phenolic acid and flavonoid content in Imleria badia from non-polluted and polluted areas.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the elemental composition, phenolic content and composition and antioxidant properties of Imleria badia (Fr.) Vizzini (former names Boletus badius (Fr.) Fr., and Xerocomus badius (Fr.) E.-J. Gilbert) fruiting bodies collected from sites with different levels of pollution. Imleria badia was relatively tolerant to soil contamination with toxic elements and was able to grow in As, Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations exceeding 15, 2.9, 0.4 and 77 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration of elements in soil was reflected in the element content in I. badia. The fruiting bodies from polluted sites exhibited significantly higher content of all the analyzed elements. Among 21 individual phenolic compounds only protocatechiuc and caffeic acids, and quercetin were determined in fruiting bodies of I. badia. The differences between the concentration of the quantified phenolic compounds and the total flavonoid content in fruiting bodies of I. badia from unpolluted and polluted sites were not significant. However, the greatest total phenolic content was found in fruiting bodies from the polluted areas. The antioxidative capacity of mushrooms collected from heavily polluted sites was lower than those growing in unpolluted areas. The concentrations of some metals in soil and fruiting soil were positively correlated with phenolic content and IC50.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gąsecka
authors.affiliation: b Department of Environmental Medicine , Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan , Poland.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rzymski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mleczek
authors.affiliation: c Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siwulski
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Sylwia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Budzyńska
authors.affiliation: a Department of Chemistry , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Zuzanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Magdziak
authors.affiliation: d Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Przemysław
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niedzielski
authors.affiliation: c Department of Vegetable Crops , Poznan University of Life Sciences , Poznań , Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sobieralski
mesh_terms: D000363:Agaricales / Q000737:chemistry; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000032:analysis*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D048690:Fruiting Bodies, Fungal / Q000737:chemistry; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis*; D011044:Poland; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D008670:Metals; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C017616:phenolic acid
keywords: Imleria badia; contamination; flavonoids; phenolic acid