title: Modulation of immunological activity on macrophages induced by diazinon.
abstract: Diazinon is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide and is widely used not only in agriculture but also homes and garden in Japan. Diazinon has been reported to increase TNF-α production in rat serum and brain, suggesting that it can modify the proinflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effects of diazinon on macrophage functions, such as cytokine production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions, cell-surface molecule expressions, and phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells. In RAW264.7 cells, diazinon induced the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Diazinon induced ROS generation and the expressions of COX-2, iNOS, and cell-surface molecules CD40, CD86, and MHC class II, but reduced phagocytic activity in RAW264.7 cells. ERK and p38, but not JNK and p65 were involved in diazinon-induced IL-6 expression in RAW264.7 cells. We also examined these proinflammatory responses in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells. These results suggested that diazinon can activate macrophages and enhance inflammatory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Nanako
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kusatsugu
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oyabu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Naozumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ueyama
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-20 Daikou-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan. Electronic address: kawabe@met.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawabe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003976:Diazinon / Q000633:toxicity*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007306:Insecticides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D003976:Diazinon
keywords: Diazinon; Macrophages; Organophosphorus insecticides