title: The number of microvascular complications is associated with an increased risk for severity of periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients: Results of a multicenter hospital-based cross-sectional study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationships between periodontitis and microvascular complications as well as glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 620 patients with type 2 diabetes. We compared the prevalence and severity of periodontitis between patients with ≥1 microvascular complication and those without microvascular complications. We also compared the prevalence and severity of periodontitis among patients with different degrees of glycemic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of periodontitis was significantly associated with the number of microvascular complications (odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.6), glycated hemoglobin ≥8.0% (64 mmol/mol; odds ratio 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.3), and older age (≥50 years; odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6). However, the prevalence of periodontitis was not significantly associated with the number of microvascular complications, but was associated with male sex, high glycated hemoglobin (≥8.0% [64 mmol/mol]), older age (≥40 years), longer duration of diabetes (≥15 years) and fewer teeth (≤25). Furthermore, propensity score matching for age, sex, diabetes duration and glycated hemoglobin showed that the incidence of severe periodontitis was significantly higher among patients with microvascular complications than among those without microvascular complications (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of microvascular complications is a risk factor for more severe periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes, whereas poor glycemic control is a risk factor for increased prevalence and severity of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
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authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumiyama
authors.affiliation: Medical and Dental Hospitals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.affiliation: Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.affiliation: Jikei University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.affiliation: Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.affiliation: Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asanami
authors.affiliation: Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kajio
authors.affiliation: Center Hospital of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.affiliation: Nihon University Itabashi Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueki
authors.affiliation: Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.affiliation: Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kurachi
authors.affiliation: Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.affiliation: Teikyo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichinokawa
authors.affiliation: Toho University Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.affiliation: Toho University Omori Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogiuchi
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Narihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.affiliation: Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.affiliation: Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mogi
authors.affiliation: Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanzawa
authors.affiliation: Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.affiliation: Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.affiliation: Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kishio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanjo
authors.affiliation: Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Narisato
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanamura
authors.affiliation: University Hospital, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Fusanori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Kyusyu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.affiliation: National Hospital Organization Kyusyu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.affiliation: Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiie
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.affiliation: Oita University Hospital, Yufu, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.affiliation: Kagoshima University Medical and Dental Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Chuwa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tei
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055806:Microvessels / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
keywords: Microangiopathy; Periodontitis; Type 2 diabetes