title: Biosynthesis of the Antibiotic Nematophin and Its Elongated Derivatives in Entomopathogenic Bacteria.
abstract: Nematophin, a known antibiotic natural product against Staphylococcus aureus for almost 20 years, is produced by all strains of Xenorhabdus nematophila. Despite its simple structure, its biosynthesis was unknown. Its biosynthetic pathway is reported using heterologous production in Escherichia coli. Additionally, the identification, structure elucidation, and biosynthesis of six extended nematophin derivatives from Xenorhabdus PB62.4 carrying an additional valine are reported. Preliminary bioactivity studies suggest a biological role of these compounds in the bacteria-nematode-insect symbiosis.
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-7274-017X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Challinor
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reimer
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adihou
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grün
authors.affiliation: Parasite Chemotherapy, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , 4051 Basel, Switzerland.|University of Basel , Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.affiliation: Merck Endowed Chair for Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.|Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt , 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Helge B
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6048-5909
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bode
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007891:Leishmania / Q000187:drug effects; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000187:drug effects; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000187:drug effects; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D007211:Indoles; C109330:nematophin