title: Economic outcomes with the conversion of insulin delivery methods in hospitals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the insulin wastage and associated acquisition costs when switching from individual patient supply (IPS) of 3-mL pens of rapid-acting insulin (RAI) aspart to floor stock (FS) dispensing of 3-mL vials of RAI lispro, and with conversion from IPS of 3-mL pens to centralized unit dose (CUD) of 10-mL vials of basal insulin detemir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from September 2010 to December 2012 from three hospitals in the Roper St. Francis Healthcare (RSFH) were used: Roper Hospital (368 beds), Bon Secours St. Francis Hospital (204 beds), and Roper St. Francis Mt. Pleasant Hospital (85 beds). Insulin wastage and associated acquisition costs were estimated using regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conversion from IPS of 3-mL pens of insulin aspart to FS of 3-mL vials of lispro was associated with a significant decrease in insulin wastage (204,042 IUs; p < .001) and equated to an average savings of $106.40 per patient at all three hospitals combined (p < .001). For basal insulin, conversion from IPS of 3-mL pens of insulin detemir to CUD of 10-mL vials was associated with a significant decrease in insulin wastage at Roper and St. Francis Hospitals (p < .001). For Mt. Pleasant Hospital, the decrease was not statistically significant. The predicted average reduction in insulin wastage per month was 52,542.9 IUs (p < .001) at all three hospitals combined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Switching RAI from IPS of 3-mL pens of insulin aspart to one-time unit dose insulin lispro dispensed from FS 3-mL vials as needed significantly reduced insulin wastage and associated acquisition costs at the three combined hospitals. Conversion of basal insulin from IPS of 3-mL pens of insulin detemir to CUD of 10-mL vials of insulin detemir was associated with a significant reduction in insulin wastage and associated acquisition costs at three hospitals combined.
authors.affiliation: a Medical Decision Modeling , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Kari A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kelton
authors.affiliation: a Medical Decision Modeling , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Sinem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perk
authors.affiliation: b Roper St. Francis , Charleston , SC , USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loveland
authors.affiliation: c Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Magaly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perez-Nieves
authors.affiliation: c Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Haoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.affiliation: c Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis , IN , USA.
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D061267:Insulin Aspart / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D061268:Insulin Lispro / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D061267:Insulin Aspart
keywords: Diabetes; centralized unit dose; floor stock; individual patient supply; insulin