title: Development of a single-nucleotide-polymorphism marker for specific authentication of Korean ginseng (Panax ginsengMeyer) new cultivar "G-1".
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng) is a well-known medicinal plant of Oriental medicine that is still in practice today. Until now, a total of 11 Korean ginseng cultivars with unique features to Korean ginseng have been developed based on the pure-line-selection method. Among them, a new cultivar namely G-1 with different agricultural traits related to yield and content of ginsenosides, was developed in 2012.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this study was to distinguish the new ginseng cultivar G-1 by identifying the unique single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at its 45S ribosomal DNA andPanax quinquefoliusregion than other Korean ginseng cultivars using multiplex amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A SNP at position of 45S ribosomal DNA region between G-1,P. quinquefolius, and the other Korean ginseng cultivars was identified. By designing modified allele-specific primers based on this site, we could specifically identified G-1 andP. quinquefoliusvia multiplex PCR. The unique primer for the SNP yielded an amplicon of size 449 bp in G-1 cultivar andP. quinquefolius. This study presents an effective method for the genetic identification of the G-1 cultivar andP. quinquefolius.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from our study shows that this SNP-based approach to identify the G-1 cultivar will be a good way to distinguish accurately the G-1 cultivar andP. quinquefoliusfrom other Korean ginseng cultivars using a SNP at 45S ribosomal DNA region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Uk
authors.initials: DU
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.affiliation: KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
authors.forename: Min-Kyeoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Padmanaban
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mohanan
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Ramya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mathiyalagan
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Kwang-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea.
authors.forename: Woo-Saeng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Ginseng Bank, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.
authors.forename: Deok-Chun
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yang
keywords: G-1 cultivar; Panax ginseng; Panax quinquefolius; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; multiplex polymerase chain reaction