title: A comparative study on the effects of systemic manual acupuncture, periauricular electroacupuncture, and digital electroacupuncture to treat tinnitus: A randomized, paralleled, open-labeled exploratory trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many previous studies of electroacupuncture used combined therapy of electroacupuncture and systemic manual acupuncture, so it was uncertain which treatment was effective. This study evaluated and compared the effects of systemic manual acupuncture, periauricular electroacupuncture and distal electroacupuncture for treating patients with tinnitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, parallel, open-labeled exploratory trial was conducted. Subjects aged 20-75 years who had suffered from idiopathic tinnitus for > 2 weeks were recruited from May 2013 to April 2014. The subjects were divided into three groups by systemic manual acupuncture group (MA), periauricular electroacupuncture group (PE), and distal electroacupuncture group (DE). The groups were selected by random drawing. Nine acupoints (TE 17, TE21, SI19, GB2, GB8, ST36, ST37, TE3 and TE9), two periauricular acupoints (TE17 and TE21), and four distal acupoints (TE3, TE9, ST36, and ST37) were selected. The treatment sessions were performed twice weekly for a total of eight sessions over 4 weeks. Outcomes were the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) score and the loud and uncomfortable visual analogue scales (VAS). Demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants were compared between the groups upon admission using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the THI, VASloud, and VASuncomfortablescores. The least significant difference test was used as a post-hoc test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine subjects were eligible and their data were analyzed. No difference in THI and VASloudnessscores was observed in between groups. The VASuncomfortablescores decreased significantly in MA and DE compared with those in PE. Within the group, all three treatments showed some effect on THI, VASloudnessscores and VASuncomfortablescores after treatment except DE in THI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistically significant difference between systemic manual acupuncture, periauricular electroacupuncture and distal electroacupuncture in tinnitus. However, all three treatments had some effect on tinnitus within the group before and after treatment. Systemic manual acupuncture and distal electroacupuncture have some effect on VASuncomfortable.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  KCT0001991 by CRIS (Clinical Research Information Service), 2016-8-1, retrospectively registered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate school Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bong Hyun
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Kyuseok
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea. ophthrl@khu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Hae Jeong
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9974-0863
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D015669:Acupuncture Points; D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000628:therapy*
keywords: Distal acupoints; Electroacupuncture; Periauricular acupoints; Systemic manual acupuncture; Tinnitus