title: Decompression endoscopic surgery for frontal secondary headache attributed to supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve entrapment: a comprehensive review.
abstract: In the last decade, a new surgical treatment modality was developed for frontal secondary headache, based on the assumption that the trigger of this pain entity is the entrapment of peripheral sensory nerves. The surgery entails a procedure, where an endoscopic approach is used to decompress the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve branches, which are entrapped by the periosteum in the region of the corrugator supercilii muscle. Candidates for the surgery define their headache as moderate to severe persistent daily pressure or tension, localized in the frontal area, sometimes accompanied by symptoms of nausea and photophobia mimicking a primary headache-migraine. We created a step-by-step screening algorithm which is used to differentiate patients that have the highest chance for a successful surgical decompression. Up to now, published data regarding this type of surgery demonstrate long-lasting successful outcomes while adverse effects are minor. This article reviews and discusses from a surgeon's perspective decompression surgery for secondary headache attributed to supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve entrapment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Sveti Duh 64, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia. boris.filipovic@hotmail.com.|Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands. boris.filipovic@hotmail.com.|Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. boris.filipovic@hotmail.com.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Filipović
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J Alexander
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Ru
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van de Langenberg
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Pepijn A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borggreven
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Zdravko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lacković
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Peter J F M
authors.initials: PJFM
authors.lastname: Lohuis
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D051271:Headache Disorders, Secondary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009408:Nerve Compression Syndromes / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D009915:Orbit / Q000294:innervation*; D018579:Patient Selection; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: Botulinum toxin type A; Decompression endoscopic surgery; Migraine; Migraine surgery; Nerve entrapment; Secondary headache