title: Modulating Nanoparticle Superlattice Structure Using Proteins with Tunable Bond Distributions.
abstract: Herein, we investigate the use of proteins with tunable DNA modification distributions to modulate nanoparticle superlattice structure. Using beta-galactosidase (βgal) as a model system, we have employed the orthogonal chemical reactivities of surface amines and thiols to synthesize protein-DNA conjugates with 36 evenly distributed or 8 specifically positioned oligonucleotides. When these are assembled into crystalline superlattices with gold nanoparticles, we find that the distribution of DNA modifications modulates the favored structure: βgal with uniformly distributed DNA bonding elements results in body-centered cubic crystals, whereas DNA functionalization of cysteines results in AB2packing. We probe the role of protein oligonucleotide number and conjugate size on this observation, which revealed the importance of oligonucleotide distribution in this observed assembly behavior. These results indicate that proteins with defined DNA modification patterns are powerful tools for controlling nanoparticle superlattices architecture, and establish the importance of oligonucleotide distribution in the assembly behavior of protein-DNA conjugates.
authors.forename: Janet R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Brodin
authors.forename: Jaime A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Millan
authors.affiliation: X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.
authors.forename: Byeongdu
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-2514-8805
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olvera de la Cruz
authors.forename: Chad A
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-6634-7627
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mirkin