title: Three-dimensional dynamic motion analysis of the first carpometacarpal ligaments.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the dynamic motion of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) ligaments on a three-dimensional (3-D) surface model and to examine the changes in the ligament lengths during the motion of the first CMC joint.
  
  
  
  Six fresh-frozen cadaver wrists were used to analyze the motion of the first CMC ligaments on a 3-D coordinate system using a digitizer. Four ligaments, namely, dorsoradial ligament (DRL), posterior oblique ligament (POL), superficial anterior oblique ligament (SAOL), and deep anterior oblique ligament (dAOL), were dissected and identified. Their attachments were digitized and represented on 3-D bone images. The distances between the ligament attachments of the first metacarpal and the trapezium, which were the ligament lengths, were measured during the extension-flexion and adduction-abduction of the first CMC joint.
  
  
  
  Both the DRL and POL lengthened during flexion of the first CMC joint, and both the SAOL and dAOL lengthened during extension. Both the DRL and SAOL lengthened during adduction, and both the POL and dAOL lengthened during abduction. The DRL alone lengthened significantly at flexion and adduction when the first CMC joint was in dorsoradial dislocation.
  
  
  
  The lengths of four ligaments changed significantly during first CMC joint motion. This study suggested that the DRL contributes substantial stability to the first CMC joint, preventing dorsoradial dislocation. This 3-D information improves the knowledge and understanding of the function of individual ligaments and their roles in the stability of the first CMC joint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Norie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kodera
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomori
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D052737:Carpometacarpal Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*
keywords: anatomy; attachment; carpometacarpal joint; hand; ligament