title: Autoimmune Movement Disorders: a Clinical and Laboratory Approach.
abstract: Autoimmune movement disorders are caused by an aberrant immune response to neural self-antigens. These disorders may be paraneoplastic, parainfectious, or (most commonly) idiopathic. The neurological presentations are diverse, and sometimes multifocal. Movement disorders can occur as part of the spectrum with phenotypes including chorea, myoclonus, ataxia, CNS hyperexcitability (including stiff-person syndrome), dystonia, and parkinsonism. Symptoms are subacute in onset and may have a fluctuating course. The best characterized disorders are unified by neural autoantibodies identified in serum or cerebrospinal fluid. The antibody specificity may predict the association with cancer and the response to immunotherapy. In this article, we review autoimmune-mediated movement disorders, associated cancers, diagnosis, and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Josephe Archie
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Honorat
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. mckeon.andrew@mayo.edu.|Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. mckeon.andrew@mayo.edu.|Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Hilton 3-78, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. mckeon.andrew@mayo.edu.
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKeon
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007159:Immunologic Tests; D007167:Immunotherapy; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001324:Autoantigens
keywords: Autoimmunity; Immunotherapy; Movement disorders; Neuronal autoantibodies; Paraneoplastic