title: Global epidemiological trends and variations in the burden of gallbladder cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study is to describe the trends and variations in the global burden of gallbladder cancer (GBC) with an emphasis on geographic variations and female gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data (2012-2030) relating to GBC was extracted from GLOBOCAN 2012 database and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of our study document a rising global burden of GBC with geographic and gender variations. The highest burden was noted in the WPRO region (based on WHO regions), Asia (based on continents) and India, Chile, and China (based on countries). The less developed regions of the world account for the majority of the global burden of GBC. The geographic variations are also present within individual countries such as in India and Chile. Females are afflicted at a much higher rate with GBC and this predilection is exaggerated in countries with higher incidence such as India and Chile. In females, people of certain ethnic groups and lower socio-economic standing are at a higher risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrates a rising global burden of GBC with some specific data on geographic and gender-based variations which can be used to develop strategies at the global as well as the high-risk individual country level.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Chandrakanth
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Are
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
authors.forename: Humera
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
authors.forename: Advaitaa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ravipati
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Croo
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Dillon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Clarey
authors.affiliation: College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
authors.forename: Lynette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.affiliation: University of Utah Health Care, Salt Lake City, Utah.
authors.forename: Ray R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Price
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Rancagua 878, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Jean M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Butte
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014943:Global Health; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012923:Social Class; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: GLOBOCAN 2012; WHO regions; demographic shift; gallbladder cancer burden; human development index (HDI)