title: Bioaccumulation and effects of sediment-associated gold- and graphene oxide nanoparticles on Tubifex tubifex.
abstract: With the development of nanotechnology, gold (Au) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles have been widely used in various fields, resulting in an increased release of these particles into the environment. The released nanoparticles may eventually accumulate in sediment, causing possible ecotoxicological effects to benthic invertebrates. However, the impact of Au-NPs and GO-NPs on the cosmopolitan oligochaete, Tubifex tubifex, in sediment exposure is not known. Mortality, behavioral impact (GO-NP and Au-NP) and uptake (only Au-NP) of sediment-associated Au-NPs (4.9±0.14nm) and GO-NPs (116±0.05nm) to T. tubifex were assessed in a number of 5-day exposure experiments. The results showed that the applied Au-NP concentrations (10 and 60μg Au/g dry weight sediment) had no adverse effect on T. tubifex survival, while Au bioaccumulation increased with exposure concentration. In the case of GO-NPs, no mortality of T. tubifex was observed at a concentration range of 20 and 180μg GO/g dry weight sediment, whereas burrowing activity was significantly reduced at 20 and 180μg GO/g dry weight sediment. Our results suggest that Au-NPs at 60μg Au/g or GO-NPs at 20 and 180μg GO/g were detected by T. tubifex as toxicants during short-term exposures.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: panhongzhang2015@yeah.net.
authors.forename: Panhong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Electronic address: selck@ruc.dk.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Selck
authors.affiliation: Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Stine Rosendal
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Tangaa
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Chengfang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Electronic address: binzhao@rcees.ac.cn.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054750:Ecotoxicology; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D006046:Gold / Q000633:toxicity*; D006108:Graphite / Q000633:toxicity*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009835:Oligochaeta; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D006046:Gold; D006108:Graphite
keywords: Benthic invertebrates; Burrowing behavior; Graphene oxide nanoparticles; Metal nanoparticles; Sediment exposure