title: Thiopental versus ketofol in paediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging: A randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficiency of intravenous thiopental against intravenous ketamine-propofol combination in paediatric sedation for magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted at Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, Samsun, Turkey, from July 1, 2014, to January 1, 2015, and comprised children aged 1 month to 12 years undergoing elective magnetic resonance imaging who were randomly assigned to two equal groups. Group I received thiopental 3 mg/kg intravenously followed by an additional dose of thiopental 1 mg/kg to achieve a Ramsay sedation score of 4. Group II received ketofol, a 1:1 mixture of ketamine 10 mg/mL and propofol 10 mg/mL, in a single syringe intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg at 1 minute intervals and titrated to reach a Ramsay sedation score of 4. The groups were compared for total drug dose, time to sedation, recovery time, total sedation time, and adverse effects. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 120 children in the study; 60(50%) in each group. The time to sedation was significantly longer with ketofol than thiopental (p<0.01). The mean recovery time was significantly shorter with thiopental than with ketofol (p<0.01). Total sedation time was significantly longer with ketofol than thiopental (p<0.01). Overall, 17(28.3%) ketofol patients had adverse events, whereas no thiopental patients had adverse events (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thiopental had a comparable effectiveness with shorter anaesthesia inductions and recovery times than ketofol. Intravenous thiopental can be an effective and safe alternative drug in sedating children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yasemin Burcu
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ustun
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yunus Oktay
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ersin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koksal
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Outpatient Anaesthesia Service, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Elif Bengi
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Sener
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ahmet Veysel
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Polat
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D013874:Thiopental
keywords: Thiopental, Ketamine, Propofol, Paediatric, Magnetic resonance imaging. 