title: [The values of cardio-ankle vascular and ankle-brachial indices in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disorders: The ESSE-RF study in the Kemerovo Region].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate factors associated with pathological cardio-ankle vascular and ankle-brachial indices (CAVI and ABI) in patients with carbohydrate metabolic disorders (CMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted in the framework of the multicenter epidemiological study "Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and Their Risk Factors in the Russian Federation" (ESSE-RF) in March to October 2013. The standard ESSE-RF protocol was extended by an additional study of peripheral arterial stiffness, by estimating CAVI and ABI automatically. A sample of 1619 people was formed in several stages, in which 311 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes were identified and divided into 3 groups: 1) 41 patients with pathological CAVI values (≥9.0); 2) 241 with normal CAVI (<9.0); 3) 29 with pathological ABI (<0.9).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the population-based sample of patients with CMD, the pathological CAVI values (≥9.0) were detected in 14.5%, and the pathological ABI was in 9.3% of the examinees. Regression analysis showed that the pathological vascular indices (both CAVI and ABI) were significantly associated with increases in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. At the same time, only the pathological CAVI was associated with advancing age (odds ratio (OR), 1.111; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.050-1.176; p < 0.001), visceral obesity (OR, 3.088; 95% CI, 1.001-10.495; p=0.038), smoking duration (OR, 1.093; 95% CI, 1.008-1.185; p=0.009), prior stroke (OR, 4.695; 95% CI, 1.408-15.658; p=0.018), and a need for insulin therapy (OR, 18.947; 95% CI, 1.902- 87.783; p=0.006). The pathological ABI was associated with male sex (OR, 2.227; 95% CI, 1.040-4.765; p=0.039), prior myocardial infarction (OR, 8.646; 95% CI, 2.174-34.378; p=0.005), obesity (OR, 2.439; 95% CI, 1.010-5.889; p=0.034); hyperglycemia (OR, 2.439; 95% CI, 1.010-5.889; p=0.034), hyperuricemia (OR, 4.009; 95% CI, 1.850-8.684; p=0.033), and increases in triglyceride levels (OR, 2.984; 95% CI, 1.376-6.470; p=0.004) and CAVI (OR, 1.193; 95% CI, 1.034-1.377; p=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pathological vascular indices CAVI and ABI are associated with different risk factors for cardiovascular events in a cohort of patients with CMD. The common factors associated with both CAVI and ABI are increases in blood pressure and HR and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate. The common factors associated with both CAVI and ABI are increases in blood pressure and HR and a reduction in glomerular filtration rate.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Sumin
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Bezdenezhnykh
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Fedorova
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Shcheglova
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Indukaeva
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia.
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Artamonova
mesh_terms: D055109:Ankle Brachial Index; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D012426:Russia / Q000453:epidemiology; D059289:Vascular Stiffness