title: Childhood Socialization Differences in African and Nonafrican Societies.
abstract: Cross-cultural ratings of childhood socialization processes in 104 societies are used to test the hypothesis that African societies place greater emphasis on the inculcation of independence, self-reliance, and nurturance than do non-African societies. Comparison of mean differences on measures of socialization pressure and observed aggregate behavior of children provide little support for the hypothesis, suggesting that child training emphases in African and non-African societies diverge much less than had been believed.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Sociology and Social Psychology , Florida Atlantic University , USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Welch