title: Ionic liquid-impregnated agarose film two-phase micro-electrodriven membrane extraction (IL-AF-μ-EME) for the analysis of antidepressants in water samples.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate and apply supported ionic liquid membrane (SILM) in two-phase micro-electrodriven membrane extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for pre-concentration and determination of three selected antidepressant drugs in water samples. A thin agarose film impregnated with 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [C6MIM] [PF6], was prepared and used as supported ionic liquid membrane between aqueous sample solution and acceptor phase for extraction of imipramine, amitriptyline and chlorpromazine. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the method provided good linearity in the range of 1.0-1000μgL-1, good coefficients of determination (r2=0.9974-0.9992) and low limits of detection (0.1-0.4μgL-1). The method showed high enrichment factors in the range of 110-150 and high relative recoveries in the range of 88.2-111.4% and 90.9-107.0%, for river water and tap water samples, respectively with RSDs of ≤7.6 (n=3). This method was successfully applied to the determination of the drugs in river and tap water samples. It is envisaged that the SILM improved the perm-selectivity by providing a pathway for targeted analytes which resulted in rapid extraction with high degree of selectivity and high enrichment factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor Suhaila
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Mohamad Hanapi
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address: marsin@kimia.fs.utm.my.
authors.forename: Mohd Marsin
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sanagi
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Abd Khamim
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ismail
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific & Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Aini
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
authors.affiliation: Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Nor'ashikin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saim
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Wan Nazihah
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Wan Ibrahim
mesh_terms: D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D001881:Borates / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D060766:Drinking Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000737:chemistry; D052578:Ionic Liquids / Q000737:chemistry*; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D059627:Liquid Phase Microextraction / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: C528767:1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001881:Borates; D060766:Drinking Water; D007093:Imidazoles; D052578:Ionic Liquids; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
keywords: Agarose film; Antidepressant drugs; Micro-electrodriven membrane extraction; Supported ionic liquid membrane; Water samples