title: The proximal superficial femoral artery perforator flap: Anatomic study and clinical cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The upper thigh has provided multiple new soft tissue free flaps in recent decades, including the anterolateral thigh, anteromedial thigh, transverse upper gracilis, the profunda artery perforator, and superficial circumflex iliac perforator flaps. The purpose of this study is to describe a new, reliable free flap option in the upper thigh: the proximal superficial femoral artery perforator (p-SFAP) flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cadaveric dissection study was performed to confirm clinical landmarks and evaluate pedicle characteristics. A retrospective review of patients who have received a p-SFAP free flap and surgical technique are described in detail. Eight patients (aged 27-85 years) underwent reconstruction with the p-SFAP flap involving six upper and two lower extremity defects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A consistent pedicle 6 to 8 cm in length was identified in all cadaveric and clinical limbs, emerging from under the lateral aspect of the sartorius muscle and entering the flap approximately 10 cm inferior and 4 cm medial to the anterior superior iliac spine. The perforator took origin off of the superficial femoral artery and femoral vein in all clinical cases. Arterial and venous diameters were 1.2-1.5 mm and 2.0-2.5 mm, respectively. There was one occurrence of partial flap necrosis and one case of complete flap loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The p-SFAP flap represents a new, clinically relevant addition to the armamentarium of the reconstructive microsurgeon for use in small to medium sized defects. It can be harvested as a free flap and may have utility as a pedicled flap for groin and perineal reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
authors.forename: Imran
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ratanshi
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Health Sciences Center, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada.
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.affiliation: Section of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Saint Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 3C3, Canada.
authors.forename: Avinash
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9729-6631
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Islur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002102:Cadaver; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004210:Dissection; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery* / Q000637:transplantation; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation; D061525:Perforator Flap / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000637:transplantation; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013848:Thigh / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*