title: Differences in inflammatory marker patterns for adult community-acquired pneumonia patients induced by different pathogens.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The inflammatory marker patterns of community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) induced by different microorganisms in adult patients remained unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to explore the inflammatory marker patterns of adult CAP patients induced by different pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult CAP patients with definite etiologies were enrolled from September 2010 to June 2012. They were divided into three groups according to the causative pathogens: typical bacteria, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), and viruses. Twenty-seven cytokines and bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) levels of serum collected within 7 days onset in these groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-four cases were enrolled for serum detection and analysis, including 10 typical bacterial pneumonia patients, 56 cases with MP pneumonia and 58 with viral pneumonia. Three kinds (PDGF-BB, IP-10, RANTES) of 27 cytokines and BPI levels were significantly elevated in patients with acute pneumonia than healthy controls. Distinct inflammatory marker patterns were released by different pathogens: typical bacterial pneumonia patients had highest levels of BPI, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1rα; while patients caused by MP presented higher levels of PDGF-BB, IL-17A, G-CSF than those caused by viruses. Rhinovirus owned a higher inflammatory response level than the other viruses. The area under the curve (AUC) of PDGF-BB to differentiate MP and virus infection was biggest, which was 0.708.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct inflammatory marker patterns were released by different pathogens during acute pneumonia. Significantly increased level of PDGF-BB was observed in acute pneumonia for the first time. It showed a better ability to differentiate MP and virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China.|Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
authors.forename: Chun Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Jiu Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Beijing Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing, 100020, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China - Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China - Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Yi Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China - Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China - Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Ying Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.|National Clinical Research Centre of Respiratory Diseases, Center for Respiratory Diseases, China - Japan Friendship Hospital; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China - Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000077214:Becaplermin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009177:Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011019:Pneumonia, Mycoplasma / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000097:blood*; D012229:Rhinovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C466096:BPIFB2 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D000077214:Becaplermin
keywords: PDGF-BB; bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein; community-acquired pneumonia; cytokines; differentiation diagnosis