title: The Different Impacts on the Long-Term Survival of Tunneled Internal Jugular Hemodialysis Catheters Based on Tip Position and Laterality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different catheter tip positions on the life of the catheter, dysfunction, infection, and quality of hemodialysis and possible differences between the access site laterality in jugular-tunneled hemodialysis catheters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Catheters were evaluated for the following parameters: place of insertion, time of insertion, duration of use, and reason for removal. In all patients, the catheter tip position was checked using an X-ray.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of implanted catheters with the tip placed in the cavo-atrial junction and right atrium was significantly longer. There were no differences in catheter functionality at follow-up or complications based on catheter laterality for each catheter tip position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our results, the localization of the catheter tip in superior vena cava still remains the least preferable method. Our results showed that the main factor responsible for better catheter functionality was not laterality but the depth to which the catheter tip is inserted into the body.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Vedran
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Premuzic
authors.forename: Drazen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perkov
authors.forename: Ranko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smiljanic
authors.forename: Bruna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brunetta Gavranic
authors.forename: Bojan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jelakovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis