title: Conjunctival Microbiome Changes Associated With Soft Contact Lens and Orthokeratology Lens Wearing.
abstract: Usage of different types of contact lenses is associated with increased risk of sight-threatening complications. Changes in the ocular microbiome caused by contact lens wear are suggested to affect infection development in those individuals. To address this question, this study compares conjunctival microbial communities in contact lens wearers with those in noncontact lens wearers.
  
  
  
  Paired-end sequencing of the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial communities on the conjunctival surfaces of contact lens wearers and nonwearers.
  
  
  
  No differences in microbial diversity were detected between contact lens wearers and nonwearers. Nevertheless, some slight microbe variability was evident between these two different groups. Bacillus, Tatumella and Lactobacillus abundance was less in orthokeratology lens (OKL) wearers than in nonwearers. In soft contact lenses (SCL) wearers, Delftia abundance decreased whereas Elizabethkingia levels increased. The difference in the SCL and nonwearer group was smaller than that in the OKL group. Variations in the conjunctival taxonomic composition between SCL wearers were larger than those in other groups. Sex differences in the conjunctival microbiota makeup were only evident among nonwearers.
  
  
  
  Even though there were slight percentage changes between contact lens wearers and nonwearers in some microbes, there were no differences in their diversity. On the other hand, contact lens usage might cause relative abundance of some taxa to change. Our results will help assess whether or not conjunctival microbiome changes caused by contact lens wear affect infection risk.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Haikun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Fuxin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Diane S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Wenfeng
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.affiliation: The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nadim J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Ajami
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.affiliation: The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: The Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Petrosino
authors.affiliation: Genomics & Synthetic Biology Core Facility of Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Jianhuo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Reinach
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Dake
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China 4State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health P. R. China and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
authors.forename: Xiangtian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000235:genetics*; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota / Q000502:physiology*; D009216:Myopia / Q000628:therapy; D054158:Orthokeratologic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S