title: Implicit aggressiveness in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder as assessed by an Implicit Association Test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) highlight the role of cognitive biases for the development of the disorder. One of these biases, an inflated sense of responsibility has been associated with higher anger scores and latent aggression on self-report scales, especially in patients with compulsive checking. Validity of self-report assessment is, however, compromised by inaccuracy, social desirability, and low metacognitive awareness of traits and behaviors in patients. The aim of the present study was to extend the research on latent aggression in individuals with OCD by using an indirect, implicit measure of aggression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight patients with OCD and 25 healthy controls were assessed with an Aggressiveness-Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is a reaction time task that assesses the strength of associations between the concept of "aggressiveness" and "me" compared to others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrary to our expectation, OCD patients with checking symptoms showed a more peaceful implicit self-concept than healthy controls. This result was corroborated by negative correlations between checking symptoms and implicit aggressiveness in the OCD sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No self-report measures on aggression or anger were included in the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison to previous research using self-report measures, our study indicates that implicit aspects of aggression do indeed differ from controlled aspects in patients with checking compulsions. Future research is necessary to better understand the role of aggressiveness in OCD and to derive implications for therapy.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany. Electronic address: b.cludius@uke.de.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cludius
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alexander F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Social and Legal Psychology, University of Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Banse
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jelinek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000374:Aggression; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012649:Self Concept; D055815:Young Adult
keywords: Aggressiveness; Anger; Checking; IAT; Implicit Association Test; Obsessive-compulsive disorder