title: Paramyxovirus Glycoproteins and the Membrane Fusion Process.
abstract: The familyParamyxoviridaeincludes many viruses that significantly affect human and animal health. An essential step in the paramyxovirus life cycle is viral entry into host cells, mediated by virus-cell membrane fusion. Upon viral entry, infection results in expression of the paramyxoviral glycoproteins on the infected cell surface. This can lead to cell-cell fusion (syncytia formation), often linked to pathogenesis. Thus membrane fusion is essential for both viral entry and cell-cell fusion and an attractive target for therapeutic development. While there are important differences between viral-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion, many aspects are conserved. The paramyxoviruses generally utilize two envelope glycoproteins to orchestrate membrane fusion. Here, we discuss the roles of these glycoproteins in distinct steps of the membrane fusion process. These findings can offer insights into evolutionary relationships amongParamyxoviridaegenera and offer future targets for prophylactic and therapeutic development.
authors.affiliation: Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
authors.forename: Hector C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.affiliation: Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164; School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
authors.forename: Bryce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.affiliation: Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
authors.forename: J Lizbeth
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zamora
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
authors.forename: Gunner P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Johnston
keywords: F-triggering; Hemifusion; Hendra; Measles; Mumps; NDV; Nipah; Paramyxoviridae; Paramyxovirus; RSV; association model; attachment; attachment glycoprotein; dissociation model; fusion; fusion cascade; fusion glycoprotein; fusion model; fusion pore formation; hMPV; hexamer of trimers; membrane fusion; postfusion; prefusion; prehairpin intermediate; syncytia; viral entry; viral receptors