title: Carotid Intima-media Thickness and its Association with Conventional Risk Factors in Low-income Adults: A Population-based Cross-Sectional Study in China.
abstract: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is an established predictor of cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, risk factors associated with CIMT remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to identify factors associated with CIMT in a low-income Chinese population. Stroke-free and cardiovascular disease-free residents aged ≥45 years were recruited. B-mode ultrasonography was performed to measure CIMT. The mean age of participants (n = 3789) was 59.92 years overall, 61.13 years in men, and 59.07 years in women (P < 0.001). Male sex, older age, low education level, smoking, hypertension, and high systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were independent determinants of mean CIMT. Mean CIMT was higher by 18.07 × 10-3mm in hypertensive compared to normotensive participants (P < 0.001), by 19.03 × 10-3mm in men compared to women (P < 0.001), and by 9.82 × 10-3mm in smokers compared to never smokers (P < 0.001). However, mean CIMT decreased by 1.07, 0.37, and 2.36 × 10-3mm per 1-unit increase in education level, diastolic blood pressure, and triglycerides, respectively. It is important to manage conventional risk factors in low-income populations to decrease stroke incidence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China, 300350, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Jingxian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Lingling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Wuhu Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.
authors.forename: Changqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Hongyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Yanan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.|Center of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Xianjia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Junwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.|Department of Epidemiology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin 300052, China.|Center of Epidemiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
authors.forename: Jinghua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011203:Poverty; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology