title: Dehalogenimonas formicexedens sp. nov., a chlorinated alkane-respiring bacterium isolated from contaminated groundwater.
abstract: A strictly anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium designated NSZ-14T, isolated from contaminated groundwater in Louisiana (USA), was characterized using a polyphasic approach. Strain NSZ-14T reductively dehalogenated a variety of polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes, producing ethene from 1,2-dichloroethane, propene from 1,2-dichloropropane, a mixture of cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene from 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, vinyl chloride from 1,1,2-trichloroethane and allyl chloride (3-chloro-1-propene) from 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Formate or hydrogen could both serve as electron donors. Dechlorination occurred between pH 5.5 and 7.5 and over a temperature range of 20-37 °C. Major cellular fatty acids included C18 : 1ω9c, C14 : 0 and C16 : 0. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strain clusters within the class Dehalococcoidia of the phylum Chloroflexi, most closely related to but distinct from type strains of the species Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens (97.63 % similarity) and Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens (95.05 %). A complete genome sequence determined for strain NSZ-14T revealed a DNA G+C content of 53.96 mol%, which was corroborated by HPLC (54.1±0.2 mol% G+C). Genome-wide comparisons based on average nucleotide identity by orthology and estimated DNA-DNA hybridization values combined with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic traits and phylogenetic analysis indicate that strain NSZ-14T represents a novel species within the genus Dehalogenimonas, for which the name Dehalogenimonas formicexedens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NSZ-14T (=HAMBI 3672T=JCM 19277T=VKM B-3058T). An emended description of Dehalogenimonas alkenigignens is also provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Trent A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Key
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Imchang
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: School of Biological Sciences & Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jongsik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Milton S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
authors.forename: Fred A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Rainey
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Moe
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D041862:Chloroflexi / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D004980:Ethane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D060587:Groundwater / Q000382:microbiology*; D054879:Halogenation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008145:Louisiana; D010802:Phylogeny; D011407:Propane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014240:Trichloroethanes
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D005025:Ethylene Dichlorides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D014240:Trichloroethanes; C024566:1,1,1-trichloroethane; C015530:1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane; C024567:1,1,2-trichloroethane; C016134:tetrachloroethane; C009536:1,2,3-trichloropropane; C024565:ethylene dichloride; D004980:Ethane; C004765:propylene dichloride; D011407:Propane