title: Effect of nano-ZnO on biogas generation from simulated landfills.
abstract: Extensive use of nanomaterials in commercial consumer products and industrial applications eventually leads to their release to the waste streams and the environment. Nano-ZnO is one of the most widely-used nanomaterials (NMs) due to its unique properties. It is also known to impact biological processes adversely. In this study, the effect of nano-ZnO on biogas generation from sanitary landfills was investigated. Two conventional and two bioreactor landfills were operated using real MSW samples at mesophilic temperature (35°C) for a period of about 1year. 100mg nano-ZnO/kg of dry waste was added to the simulated landfill reactors. Daily gas production, gas composition and leachate Zn concentrations were regularly monitored. A model describing the fate of the nano-ZnO was also developed. The results obtained indicated that as much as 99% of the nano-ZnO was retained within the waste matrix for both reactor operation modes. Waste stabilization was faster in simulated landfill bioreactors with and without the addition of nano-ZnO. Moreover, the presence of the nano-ZnO within the waste led to a decrease in biogas production of about 15%, suggesting that the nano-ZnO might have some inhibitory effects on waste stabilization. This reduction can have potentially significant implications on waste stabilization and the use of biogas from landfills as a renewable energy source.
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bebek, İstanbul 34342, Turkey.
authors.forename: İlknur
authors.initials: İ
authors.lastname: Temizel
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bebek, İstanbul 34342, Turkey.
authors.forename: S Mehdi
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Emadian
authors.affiliation: DISAT, Dept. of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino 10129, Italy.
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Addario
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bebek, İstanbul 34342, Turkey. Electronic address: onayturg@boun.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Turgut T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Onay
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bebek, İstanbul 34342, Turkey.
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demirel
authors.affiliation: Boğaziçi University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Bebek, İstanbul 34342, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nadim K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Copty
authors.affiliation: Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, College of Engineering and Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
authors.forename: Tanju
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karanfil
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D064091:Waste Disposal Facilities; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D015034:Zinc Oxide
keywords: Anaerobic digestion; Biogas; Bioreactor landfills; Nano-ZnO; Nanoparticle; Sanitary landfills