title: Genetic evidence for a worldwide chaotic dispersion pattern of the arbovirus vector, Aedes albopictus.
abstract: Invasive species represent a global concern for their rapid spread and the possibility of infectious disease transmission. This is the case of the global invader Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito. This species is a vector of medically important arboviruses, notably chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV). The reconstruction of the complex colonization pattern of this mosquito has great potential for mitigating its spread and, consequently, disease risks.
  
  
  
  Classical population genetics analyses and Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) approaches were combined to disentangle the demographic history of Aedes albopictus populations from representative countries in the Southeast Asian native range and in the recent and more recently colonized areas. In Southeast Asia, the low differentiation and the high co-ancestry values identified among China, Thailand and Japan indicate that, in the native range, these populations maintain high genetic connectivity, revealing their ancestral common origin. China appears to be the oldest population. Outside Southeast Asia, the invasion process in La Réunion, America and the Mediterranean Basin is primarily supported by a chaotic propagule distribution, which cooperates in maintaining a relatively high genetic diversity within the adventive populations.
  
  
  
  From our data, it appears that independent and also trans-continental introductions of Ae. albopictus may have facilitated the rapid establishment of adventive populations through admixture of unrelated genomes. As a consequence, a great amount of intra-population variability has been detected, and it is likely that this variability may extend to the genetic mechanisms controlling vector competence. Thus, in the context of the invasion process of this mosquito, it is possible that both population ancestry and admixture contribute to create the conditions for the efficient transmission of arboviruses and for outbreak establishment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mosè
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Carmela R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Guglielmino
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scolari
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Environment and Health Unit, Morne Jolivière, Institut Pasteur of Guadeloupe, Les Abymes, Guadeloupe (French West Indies).|Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anubis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vega-Rúa
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Anna-Bella
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Failloux
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Pradya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somboon
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Genetics-National Research Council, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lisa
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savini
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonizzoni
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Ludvik M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gomulski
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Malacrida
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6972-8591
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasperi
mesh_terms: D000330:Aedes / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000145:classification*; D001210:Asia, Southeastern; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D003710:Demography; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005060:Europe; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005838:Genotype; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D000072138:Mosquito Vectors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology; D014481:United States