title: An inhibitory pull-push circuit in frontal cortex.
abstract: Push-pull is a canonical computation of excitatory cortical circuits. By contrast, we identify a pull-push inhibitory circuit in frontal cortex that originates in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons. During arousal, VIP cells rapidly and directly inhibit pyramidal neurons; VIP cells also indirectly excite these pyramidal neurons via parallel disinhibition. Thus, arousal exerts a feedback pull-push influence on excitatory neurons-an inversion of the canonical push-pull of feedforward input.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, and CIBERNED, Seville, Spain.
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7553-526X
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Garcia-Junco-Clemente
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Taruna
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikrar
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tring
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy &Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.|Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Dario L
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-334X
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ringach
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Joshua T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology*; D007395:Interneurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011680:Pupil / Q000502:physiology; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000075402:Channelrhodopsins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide