title: Thermal Variation During Osteotomy With Different Dental Implant Drills: A Standardized Study in Bovine Ribs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated thermal variation (heat generation) by dental drills of similar geometries, made from different materials, during performance of 450 standardized osteotomies in bovine ribs to simulate implant site preparations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of the 3 groups-steel with a diamond-like carbon coating (SG), experimentally surface-treated steel (EG), and aluminum-toughened zirconium ceramic (ZG)-included 3 drills, distributed across 6 subgroups. An implant motor provided torque, rotation, and irrigation for 50% of subgroups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In preparations drilled to 5 mm under irrigation, the number of osteotomies, material, and diameter did not influence thermal variation (ΔT); when drilling to 13 mm, the greatest ΔT occurred in EG (2.8°C). When drilling to 5 mm without irrigation, drill material influenced mean temperature; when drilling to 13 mm without irrigation, the greatest ΔT (5.5°C) occurred in EG. The highest temperature was observed in SG (79.6°C).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After 50 uses, the greatest ΔT occurred in EG and the ∅3.0-mm drill exhibited the highest mean and peak temperatures. Temperatures were influenced by irrigation, number of uses, depth, drill diameter, geometry, and material; however, mean values were within physiological limits.
authors.affiliation: *Master of Sciences in Implant Dentistry, Instituto Latino Americano de Pesquisa e Ensino Odontológico (ILAPEO), Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Technical Manager, Clínica Top Odontologia, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. †Doctor of Sciences in Orthodontics, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Coordinator, Master's Program in Orthodontics; Professor, ILAPEO, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ‡Doctor of Sciences in Orthodontics, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Professor, Graduate Programs in Orthodontics and Implant Dentistry, ILAPEO, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. §Docteur en Thermique et Energétique, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon; Full Professor, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ¶Master of Sciences in Mechanical Engineering-Bioengineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR); Engineering Manager at Neodent Osseointegrated Implants, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. ‖Specialist in Implant Dentistry, Avantis, Balneário Camboriú, SC, Brazil; Partner in Clínica Top Odontologia, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Celso João
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hochscheidt
authors.forename: Roberto Hideo
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Augusto Ricardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Andrighetto
authors.forename: Luís Mauro
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Moura
authors.forename: Alexsander Luiz
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Golin
authors.forename: Regina Célia
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hochscheidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012272:Ribs / Q000601:surgery*