title: Ryanodine receptor modification and regulation by intracellular Ca2+and Mg2+in healthy and failing human hearts.
abstract: Heart failure is a multimodal disorder, of which disrupted Ca2+homeostasis is a hallmark. Central to Ca2+homeostasis is the major cardiac Ca2+release channel - the ryanodine receptor (RyR2) - whose activity is influenced by associated proteins, covalent modification and by Ca2+and Mg2+. That RyR2 is remodelled and its function disturbed in heart failure is well recognized, but poorly understood.
  
  
  
  To assess Ca2+and Mg2+regulation of RyR2 from left ventricles of healthy, cystic fibrosis and failing hearts, and to correlate these functional changes with RyR2 modifications and remodelling.
  
  
  
  The function of RyR2 from left ventricular samples was assessed using lipid bilayer single-channel measurements, whilst RyR2 modification and protein:protein interactions were determined using Western Blots and co-immunoprecipitation. In all failing hearts there was an increase in RyR2 activity at end-diastolic cytoplasmic Ca2+(100nM), a decreased cytoplasmic [Ca2+] required for half maximal activation (Ka) and a decrease in inhibition by cytoplasmic Mg2+. This was accompanied by significant hyperphosphorylation of RyR2 S2808and S2814, reduced free thiol content and a reduced interaction with FKBP12.0 and FKBP12.6. Either dephosphorylation of RyR2 using PP1 or thiol reduction using DTT eliminated any significant difference in the activity of RyR2 from healthy and failing hearts. We also report a subgroup of RyR2 in failing hearts that were not responsive to regulation by intracellular Ca2+or Mg2+.
  
  
  
  Despite different aetiologies, disrupted RyR2 Ca2+sensitivity and biochemical modification of the channel are common constituents of failing heart RyR2 and may underlie the pathological disturbances in intracellular Ca2+signalling.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Walweel
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Northside Clinical School, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland and Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, QLD, 4032, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molenaar
authors.affiliation: Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Imtiaz
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Faculty of Education Science and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denniss
authors.affiliation: Bosch Institute, Discipline of Anatomy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dos Remedios
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: van Helden
authors.affiliation: John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Dulhunty
authors.affiliation: School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Laver
authors.affiliation: Health Research Institute, Faculty of Education Science and Mathematics, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia; John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia. Electronic address: nicole.beard@canberra.edu.au.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Beard
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D022021:Tacrolimus Binding Proteins; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium
keywords: Heart failure; Lipid bilayer; Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) signalling; Phosphorylation; Regulatory proteins; Ryanodine receptor