title: Assessing work-related musculoskeletal symptoms among otolaryngology residents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies have suggested that musculoskeletal symptoms are common among practicing otolaryngologists. Early training can be the ideal time to foster knowledge of ergonomics and develop safe work habits, however, little data exists regarding musculoskeletal symptoms in residents. The purpose of this study was to identify and characterize musculoskeletal symptoms in a preliminary sample of otolaryngology residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey incorporating the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was sent to 30 Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery residencies to examine musculoskeletal symptoms among residents. A two-sample test of proportions was performed to compare symptoms between male and female residents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 141 respondents (response rate=34.7%) completed the survey. Fifty-five percent of survey respondents were male and 45% were female. Musculoskeletal symptoms were most frequently reported in the neck (82.3%), followed by the lower back (56%), upper back (40.4%), and shoulders (40.4%). The most common symptoms were stiffness in the neck (71.6%), pain in the neck (61.7%), and pain in the lower back (48.2%). In total, 6.4% of residents missed work and 16.3% of residents stopped during an operation at some point due to their symptoms. Most residents (88.3%) believed their musculoskeletal symptoms were attributed to their surgical training. Female residents were significantly more likely to experience neck (p<0.0001) and wrist/hand (p=0.019) discomfort compared to male residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Musculoskeletal symptoms were common among residents, approaching rates similar to those previously identified in practicing otolaryngologists. Increased emphasis on surgical ergonomics is warranted to improve workplace safety and prevent future injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: kevin.wong@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: kenneth.grundfast@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Grundfast
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boston Medical Center, 72 East Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA. Electronic address: jessica.levi@bmc.org.
authors.forename: Jessica R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Levi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001900:Boston / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000193:education*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
keywords: Musculoskeletal symptoms; Occupational diseases; Otolaryngology; Residents