title: Axillobifemoral bypass: a brief surgical and historical review.
abstract: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when plaque accumulates in the arterial system and obstructs blood flow. Narrowing of the abdominal aorta and the common iliac arteries due to atherosclerotic plaques restricts blood supply to the lower limbs. Clinically, the lower limb symptoms of PAD are intermittent claudication, discoloration of the toes, and skin ulcers, all due to arterial insufficiency. Surgical revascularization is the primary mode of treatment for patients with severe limb ischemia. The objective of the surgical procedure is to bypass a blockage in an occluded major vessel by constructing an alternate route for blood flow using an artificial graft. This article presents information on aortoiliac reconstruction, with an emphasis on axillobifemoral bypass grafting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA.
authors.forename: Priti L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Mishall
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA.
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Matakas
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA.
authors.forename: Keara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: English
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Allyn
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA.
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Algava
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Ruth A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY,10461, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Sherry A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Downie