title: Skin autofluorescence is associated with inappropriate left ventricular mass and diastolic dysfunction in subjects at risk for cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Enhanced advanced glycation end products deposition within myocardial tissue may cause diastolic dysfunction. However, whether this is related to left ventricular hypertrophy or inappropriate left ventricular mass remains unclear.
  
  
  
  We prospectively enrolled 139 subjects at risk for cardiovascular diseases. We used echocardiography for measurements of left ventricular mass and cardiac systolic and diastolic functional parameters. An advanced glycation end product reader was applied for measurements of skin autofluorescence values. Comparisons of left ventricular mass and echocardiographic parameters between the higher and lower skin autofluorescence groups were analyzed.
  
  
  
  Compared with the lower skin autofluorescence group, left ventricular mass index and the ratio of observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass (oLVM/pLVM) was significantly higher in the higher skin autofluorescence group (61.22 ± 17.76 vs. 47.72 ± 11.62, P < 0.01, 1.62 ± 0.38 vs. 1.21 ± 0.21, P < 0.01). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, skin autofluorescence was an independent factor for left ventricular mass index (β = 0.32, P < 0.01) and the ratio of oLVM/pLVM (β = 0.41, P < 0.01). Skin autofluorescence ≥2.35 arbitrary unit predicted left ventricular hypertrophy at a sensitivity of 58.8%, and a specificity of 73.0% (P < 0.01). Skin autofluorescence ≥2.25 arbitrary unit predicted inappropriate left ventricular mass at a sensitivity of 71.1%, and a specificity of 83.9% (P < 0.01). Skin autofluorescence was positively correlated with E/E', an indicator for diastolic dysfunction (r = 0.21, P = 0.01).
  
  
  
  Skin autofluorescence is a useful tool for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy, inappropriate left ventricular mass and diastolic dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.|Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Tzuchi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.|Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Guei-Jane
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Yi
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chun Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yen-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Formosan Blood Purification Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Show-Yih
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hung-Chih
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: An-Sheng
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.|Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.|College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.|Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Cheng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wei-Yu
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. d19863@mail.cmuh.org.tw.|College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan. d19863@mail.cmuh.org.tw.|Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. d19863@mail.cmuh.org.tw.
authors.forename: Chiz-Tzung
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced
keywords: Advanced glycation end product; Diastolic dysfunction; Inappropriate left ventricular mass; Skin autofluorescence