title: Uterine leiomyosarcoma: a review of recent advances in molecular biology, clinical management and outcome.
abstract: Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) are rare but aggressive tumours with poor clinical outcomes regardless of stage. Most tumours are identified by histopathology at time of surgery, and pre-operative diagnosis remains a clinical challenge. Management of early-stage LMS relies on surgical resection. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of therapy for advanced-stage, recurrent or metastatic LMS, and includes single or combination doxorubicin-, ifosfamide- or gemcitabine-based regimens. Recent interest in genetic biomarkers led to developments of targeted therapies for LMS, although more research is needed to understand the molecular complexities underlying LMS to guide the development of novel treatment strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis and treatment of uterine LMS is challenging. Novel biomarkers offer hope for future therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hou
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D008967:Molecular Biology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D009154:Mutation; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy*; D014599:Uterus / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
keywords: Biomarkers; chemotherapy; leiomyosarcoma; targeted therapies