title: In Vitro Investigations of Human Bioaccessibility from Reference Materials Using Simulated Lung Fluids.
abstract: An investigation for assessing pulmonary bioaccessibility of metals from reference materials is presented using simulated lung fluids. The objective of this paper was to contribute to an enhanced understanding of airborne particulate matter and its toxic potential following inhalation. A large set of metallic elements (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) was investigated using three lung fluids (phosphate-buffered saline, Gamble's solution and artificial lysosomal fluid) on three standard reference materials representing different types of particle sources. Composition of the leaching solution and four solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios were tested. The results showed that bioaccessibility was speciation- (i.e., distribution) and element-dependent, with percentages varying from 0.04% for Pb to 86.0% for Cd. The higher extraction of metallic elements was obtained with the artificial lysosomal fluid, in which a relative stability of bioaccessibility was observed in a large range of S/L ratios from 1/1000 to 1/10,000. For further investigations, it is suggested that this method be used to assess lung bioaccessibility of metals from smelter-impacted dusts.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, Lille Cedex 59046, France. aurelie.pelfrene@yncrea.fr.
authors.forename: Aurélie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pelfrêne
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. mrca@bgs.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cave
authors.affiliation: British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK. jwrag@bgs.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wragg
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (LGCgE), ISA Lille, Yncréa Hauts-de-France, 48 Boulevard Vauban, Lille Cedex 59046, France. francis.douay@yncrea.fr.
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Douay
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000378:metabolism*; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000378:metabolism*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D052638:Particulate Matter
keywords: airborne particulate matter; bioaccessibility; metallic elements; simulated lung fluids