title: Assessment of Avenins from Different Oat Varieties Using R5-Based Sandwich ELISA.
abstract: Gluten derived from wheat and related triticeae cereals possesses distinct amino acid sequences that provoke the immunopathogenic features of celiac disease (CD) in genetically susceptible individuals. However, the role of oat-derived gluten, or avenins, in CD pathogenesis remains a disputed matter, as evidenced by a lack in harmonized legislation regarding gluten classification in relation to gluten-free labeling. In this study, we have analyzed a panel of pure oat cultivars using a sandwich ELISA based on the R5 monoclonal antibody (mAb), which binds to canonical epitopes occurring within celiagenic peptides present in triticeae-derived gluten but reportedly not present in avenins. We have identified three varieties of oats that reproducibly bind R5 antibodies and levels indicating the presence of gluten at more than the 20 ppm gluten regulatory threshold. Nested assessment using Western blot analysis and alternative gluten detection systems corroborated these results. Collectively, these data suggest that select oat varieties may prove problematic to patients with CD and to food companies and regulatory agencies and will extend our basic understanding of current gluten detection systems.
authors.affiliation: IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Inc. (IEH) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.|Department of Biology, California State University-Fresno , Fresno, California 93740, United States.
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology, Inc. (MEI) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.
authors.forename: Jongkit
authors.identifier: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-8613
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masiri
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Sciences, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States.
authors.forename: Isabel A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Del Blanco
authors.affiliation: Molecular Epidemiology, Inc. (MEI) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.
authors.forename: Mahzad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meshgi
authors.affiliation: IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Inc. (IEH) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gendel
authors.affiliation: IEH Laboratories and Consulting Group, Inc. (IEH) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.|Molecular Epidemiology, Inc. (MEI) , 15300 Bothell Way N.E., Lake Forest Park, Washington 98155, United States.
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samadpour
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005983:Glutens / Q000032:analysis; D055315:Prolamins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D055315:Prolamins; D005983:Glutens
keywords: ELISA; R5 monoclonal antibody; avenin; celiac disease; gluten; oats; prolamins