title: Binding, sliding, and function of cohesin during transcriptional activation.
abstract: The ring-shaped cohesin complex orchestrates long-range DNA interactions to mediate sister chromatid cohesion and other aspects of chromosome structure and function. In the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae, the complex binds discrete sites along chromosomes, including positions within and around genes. Transcriptional activity redistributes the complex to the 3' ends of convergently oriented gene pairs. Despite the wealth of information about where cohesin binds, little is known about cohesion at individual chromosomal binding sites and how transcription affects cohesion when cohesin complexes redistribute. In this study, we generated extrachromosomal DNA circles to study cohesion in response to transcriptional induction of a model gene, URA3. Functional cohesin complexes loaded onto the locus via a poly(dA:dT) tract in the gene promoter and mediated cohesion before induction. Upon transcription, the fate of these complexes depended on whether the DNA was circular or not. When gene activation occurred before DNA circularization, cohesion was lost. When activation occurred after DNA circularization, cohesion persisted. The presence of a convergently oriented gene also prevented transcription-driven loss of functional cohesin complexes, at least in M phase-arrested cells. The results are consistent with cohesin binding chromatin in a topological embrace and with transcription mobilizing functional complexes by sliding them along DNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
authors.forename: Melinda S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Borrie
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Campor
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854.
authors.forename: Hansa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854; marc.gartenberg@rutgers.edu.|The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901.
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-0713-7993
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gartenberg
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000378:metabolism; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005111:Extrachromosomal Inheritance; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005813:Genes, Synthetic; D008677:Metaphase; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D011067:Poly dA-dT / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D000097722:Cohesins
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004270:DNA, Circular; D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011067:Poly dA-dT; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D000097722:Cohesins; C554167:URA3 protein, S cerevisiae; C108312:condensin complexes
keywords: URA3; cohesin; poly(dA:dT); sister chromatid cohesion; transcription