title: Chlorination induced damage and recovery in marine diatoms: Assay by SYTOX® Green staining.
abstract: Phytoplankton entrained into cooling water systems of coastal power stations are subjected to acute chemical stress due to biocides (chlorine) used for biofouling control. They are subsequently released into the environment, where they may survive/recover or succumb. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of a centric (Chaetoceros lorenzianus) and pennate (Navicula sp.) diatom to in-plant administered concentrations of chlorine (0.2-0.5mg/L, TRO). Viability of cells exposed to chlorine was assessed by SYTOX® Green fluorimetry and was compared with other conventional end points like total cell counts, chlorophyll a content and cellular autofluorescence. Results showed a concentration-dependant reduction in viability, chlorophyll a and autofluorescence. C. lorenzianus cells were more susceptible to chlorine compared to Navicula sp. SYTOX® Green staining appears to be a sensitive method to assess chlorine-induced damages. The data show that in-use levels of chlorination can potentially impact entrained organisms; however, they can recover when returned to coastal waters.
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venkatnarayanan
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sriyutha Murthy
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India.
authors.forename: Yarlagadda V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Nancharaiah
authors.affiliation: Marine Biotechnology, ESSO-National Institute of Ocean Technology, Pallikaranai, Chennai 600 100, India.
authors.forename: Ramalingam
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kirubagaran
authors.affiliation: Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603 102, Tamil Nadu, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400 094, India. Electronic address: vpv@igcar.gov.in.
authors.forename: Vayalam P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Venugopalan
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D017377:Diatoms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000633:toxicity*; D054879:Halogenation; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; C402795:SYTOX Green; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002713:Chlorine; D000077194:Chlorophyll A
keywords: C. lorenzianus; Chlorination; Navicula sp.; SYTOX® Green; Toxicity