title: Distinct risk factors of atrial fibrillation in patients with and without coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the BOREAS-CAG Registry data.
abstract: Although risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the general population have been characterised, their impacts on patients with specific diseases are unclear. Our aim was to determine whether risk factors of AF are different in patients with and those without coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  
  We enrolled 1871 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for evaluation of symptoms suggestive of CAD in the BOREAS-CAG Registry between August 2014 and January 2015. After exclusion of patients with valvular heart disease or a history of PCI/cardiac surgery, 1150 patients contributed to multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors of AF. We also retrieved data for 361 consecutive patients with CAD admitted to Sapporo Medical University Hospital between April 2013 and July 2014 and analysed data for 166 patients using the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as those in the BOREAS-CAG Registry.
  
  
  
  Unexpectedly, CAD was independently associated with the absence of AF. The patients were then divided into a non-CAD group (n=576) and a CAD group (n=574) for further analysis. The brain natriuretic peptide level showed a strong association with AF regardless of the presence or absence of CAD. In the non-CAD group, lack of statin use was independently associated with AF, whereas high serum uric acid level was an independent explanatory variable of AF in the CAD group. The association of AF with uric acid was confirmed in a separate group of patients (n=166) enrolled in the CAD cohort in Sapporo Medical University Hospital.
  
  
  
  Major risk factors of AF are different in patients with CAD and those without CAD. Patients with CAD are more likely to develop AF when the serum uric acid level is high, whereas no statin administration predicts development of AF in patients without CAD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokubu
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohnishi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akasaka
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Division of Health Care Administration and Management, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchihashi
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine , Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine , Sapporo , Japan.
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
keywords: BOREAS-CAG Registry; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; uric acid