title: The Relationship between Crystalline Lens Power and Refractive Error in Older Chinese Adults: The Shanghai Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report calculated crystalline lens power and describe the distribution of ocular biometry and its association with refractive error in older Chinese adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Random clustering sampling was used to identify adults aged 50 years and above in Xuhui and Baoshan districts of Shanghai. Refraction was determined by subjective refraction that achieved the best corrected vision based on monocular measurement. Ocular biometry was measured by IOL Master. The crystalline lens power of right eyes was calculated using modified Bennett-Rabbetts formula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyzed 6099 normal phakic right eyes. The mean crystalline lens power was 20.34 ± 2.24D (range: 13.40-36.08). Lens power, spherical equivalent, and anterior chamber depth changed linearly with age; however, axial length, corneal power and AL/CR ratio did not vary with age. The overall prevalence of hyperopia, myopia, and high myopia was 48.48% (95% CI: 47.23%-49.74%), 22.82% (95% CI: 21.77%-23.88%), and 4.57% (95% CI: 4.05-5.10), respectively. The prevalence of hyperopia increased linearly with age while lens power decreased with age. In multivariate models, refractive error was strongly correlated with axial length, lens power, corneal power, and anterior chamber depth; refractive error was slightly correlated with best corrected visual acuity, age and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lens power, hyperopia, and spherical equivalent changed linearly with age; Moreover, the continuous loss of lens power produced hyperopic shifts in refraction in subjects aged more than 50 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jiangnan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiangui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Du
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.affiliation: Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Baoshan District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.affiliation: Center of Disease Control and Prevention of Xuhui District, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jida
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Haidong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai, China.|Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012030:Refractive Errors