title: Unraveling molecular pathways shared by Kabuki and Kabuki-like syndromes.
abstract: Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by a typical facial gestalt, variable degrees of intellectual disability, organ malformations, postnatal growth retardation and skeletal abnormalities. So far, KMT2D or KDM6A mutation has been identified as the main cause of KS, accounting for 56%-75% and 3%-8% of cases, respectively. Patients without mutations in 1 of the 2 causative KS genes are often referred to as affected by Kabuki-like syndrome. Overall, they represent approximately 30% of KS cases, pointing toward substantial genetic heterogeneity for this condition. Here, we review all currently available literature describing KS-like phenotypes (or phenocopies) associated with genetic variants located in loci different from KMT2D and KDM6A . We also report on a new KS phenocopy harboring a 5 Mb de novo deletion in chr10p11.22-11.21. An enrichment analysis aimed at identifying functional Gene Ontology classes shared by the 2 known KS causative genes and by new candidate genes currently associated with KS-like phenotypes primarily converges upon abnormal chromatin remodeling and transcriptional dysregulation as pivotal to the pathophysiology of KS phenotypic hallmarks. The identification of mutations in genes belonging to the same functional pathways of KMT2D and KDM6A can help design molecular screenings targeted to KS-like phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.|Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0003-1209-8554
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lintas
authors.affiliation: Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry, "G. Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.|Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Persico
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002880:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology
keywords: 
  KDM6A
  ; 
  KMT2D
  ; Kabuki syndrome; chromatin remodeling; epigenetic; phenocopies