title: P2Y12 receptors in primary microglia activate nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling to induce C-C chemokine 3 expression.
abstract: Microglia are widely accepted as surveillants in the central nervous system that are continually searching the local environment for signs of injury. Following an inflammatory situation, microglia alter their morphology, extend ramified processes, and undergo cell body hypertrophy. Extracellular nucleotides are recognized as a danger signal by microglia. ADP acting on P2Y12 receptors induce process extension of microglia thereby attracting microglia to the site of adenosine tri-phosphate/ADP leaking or release. However, the question whether ADP/P2Y12 receptor signaling directly stimulates the production or release of inducible factors such as cytokines remains unclear. In this study, we found that CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) is induced by ADP-treated primary microglia. Pharmacological characterization using pertussis toxin, a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor, and a calcium chelator revealed that CCL3 induction was caused by P2Y12 receptor-mediated intracellular calcium elevation. Next, nuclear factor of activated T-cell dephosphorylation and nuclear translocalization were observed. Calcineurin, an inhibitor for nuclear factor of activated T cell, suppressed CCL3 induction. These data indicate that microglial P2Y12 receptors are utilized to trigger an acute inflammatory response in microglia via rapid CCL3 induction after ADP stimulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.|Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tozaki-Saitoh
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu Universisty, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Innovation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D058925:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate
keywords: chemokine; microglia; purinergic signaling