title: Randomised clinical trial: mucosal protection combined with acid suppression in the treatment of non-erosive reflux disease - efficacy of Esoxx, a hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate based bioadhesive formulation.
abstract: Several studies have shown that patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) are less responsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) than those with erosive disease as they belong to different subgroups, in whom factors other than acid can trigger symptoms.
  
  
  
  To evaluate whether combined therapy (mucosal protection plus acid suppression) would improve symptom relief compared to PPI treatment alone.
  
  
  
  In a multicenter, randomised, double-blind trial, 154 patients with NERD were randomised to receive Esoxx (Alfa Wassermann, Bologna, Italy), a hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate based bioadhesive formulation, or placebo, in addition to acid suppression with standard dose PPIs for 2 weeks. Symptoms (heartburn, acid regurgitation, retrosternal pain and acid taste in the mouth) and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were evaluated before and after treatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with at least a 3-point reduction in the total symptom score.
  
  
  
  At the end of treatment, the primary endpoint was reached by 52.6% of patients taking Esoxx compared to 32.1% of those given placebo (P < 0.01). The same was true also for HRQL, evaluated by means of the Short Form-36 questionnaire, which improved with both treatments, but some items were significantly better after Esoxx plus PPI therapy.
  
  
  
  The synergistic effect of Essox with PPI treatment suggests that mucosal protection added to acid suppression could improve symptoms and HRQL in NERD patients.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Savarino
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology & Digestive Endoscopy, Bolognini Teaching Hospital, Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology & Digestive Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-5645-857X
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scarpignato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D002809:Chondroitin Sulfates