title: In vitroassesment of anti-inflammatory activities of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract in RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation is an immune response toward injuries. Although inflammation is healing response, but in some condition it will lead to chronic disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's and various cancer. Indonesian cassia (Cinnamomum burmannilC. Nees & T. Ness) known to contain coumarin, is widely used for alternative medicine especially as an anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted to determine the anti-inflammatory properties of coumarin and Indonesian cassia extract (ICE) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cytotoxic assay of coumarin and ICE against RAW264.7 cells was conducted using MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium). The anti-inflammatory potential was determined using LPS-induced RAW 267.4 macrophages cells to measure inhibitory activity of compound and ISEon production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and also cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and TNF-α.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coumarin 10 µM and ICE 10 µg/ml were nontoxic to the RAW264.7 cells. Both of coumarin and ICE were capable to reduce the PGE2, TNF-α, NO, IL-6, and IL-β level in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Coumarin had higher activity to decrease PGE2 and TNF-α, whilst ICE had higher activity to inhibit NO, IL-6, and IL-β levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coumarin and ICE possess anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PGE2 and NO along with pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β production.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Ni Made Dwi
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sandhiutami
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Moordiani
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moordiani
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pancasila, Jl. Srenseng Sawah, Jagakarsa, Jakarta 12640, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Dian Ratih
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Laksmitawati
authors.affiliation: Bimolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl. Babakan Jeruk 2 no 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Nurul
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fauziah
authors.affiliation: Bimolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Jl. Babakan Jeruk 2 no 9, Bandung 40163, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Maesaroh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maesaroh
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Prof. drg. Suria Sumantri no 65 Bandung 40164, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Wahyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Widowati
keywords: Coumarin; Cytokines; Indonesian cassia extract; Inflammation