title: The effect of exercise intervention on daily life activities and social participation in individuals with Down syndrome: A systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few systematic reviews have looked at the effect of exercise intervention on activities of daily living and social participation in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) across the lifespan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the research on the effectiveness of exercise intervention on daily life activities and participation in individuals with DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies are from six electronic databases (CINHAL, Cochrane, ERIC, PEDro, PubMed, and PsycINFO) from 1987 to 2016. Nineteen studies met inclusion criteria. American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM) levels of evidence and an Intervention Clinical Appraisal Form were used to independently assess study quality and outcome measures coded using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 525 participants, age range, 3-65.5 years. The quality of the studies ranges from AACPDM Level I-IV and Intervention Clinical Appraisal Form scores of 4 to 10. A meta analysis was not conducted due to heterogenity of studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise intervention was supported for both daily life activities and participation. Rigorous research studies are needed across the lifespan using objective outcome measures for ICF levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy at the Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, United States. Electronic address: JenniferPHardee@gmail.com.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hardee
authors.affiliation: Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy at the Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, United States.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fetters
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D058992:Social Participation
keywords: Activity; Down syndrome; Exercise; ICF; Participation