title: Bile Salt Stabilized Vesicles (Bilosomes): A Novel Nano-Pharmaceutical Design for Oral Delivery of Proteins and Peptides.
abstract: With the advent of novel vesicular drug delivery systems especially bilosomes, for large molecular weight proteins and peptides, their oral administration seems a viable approach. These nano-vesicles have shown promising results for the effective delivery of insulin and other therapeutics, perhaps due to their structural composition. The present review has elaborated the biopharmaceutical challenges for the oral delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides as well as presented a novel approach to deliver the essential macromolecules through oral route as bilosomes. The extensive search has been presented related to the formulation, evaluation and in vivo performance of bilosomes. Some of the crucial findings related to bilosomes have corroborated them superior to other colloidal carriers. The successful drug delivery through bilosomes requires significant justifications related to their interaction with the biological membranes. The other aspects such as absolute absorption, safety and toxicity of bilosome drug delivery should also be equally considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, UP-229010. India.
authors.forename: Javed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. India.
authors.forename: Madhur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. India.
authors.forename: Saima
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. India.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rizwanullah
authors.affiliation: LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Centre-Val de Loire Region. France.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akhter
authors.affiliation: Metabolomics & Enzymology Unit, Fundamental and Applied Biology Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Mohammad Amjad
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.affiliation: Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran-31932, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Nafis
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.affiliation: Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans. France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Midoux
authors.affiliation: Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Orleans. France.
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pichon
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins
keywords: Biopharmaceuticals; bilosomes; lymphatic transport; oral delivery; proteins and peptides