title: Activity of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Its Synergy with Fluconazole againstCandida albicansBiofilms.
abstract: Candidiasis involving the biofilms ofCandida albicansis a threat to immunocompromised patients.Candidabiofilms are intrinsically resistant to the antifungal drugs and hence novel treatment strategies are desired. The study intended to evaluate the anti-Candidaactivity of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) alone and with fluconazole (FLC), particularly against the biofilms. Results revealed the concentration-dependent activity of AITC against the planktonic growth and virulence factors ofC. albicans. Significant (p<0.05) inhibition of the biofilms was evident at < or =1 mg/ml concentrations of AITC. Notably, a combination of 0.004 mg/ml of FLC and 0.125 mg/ml of AITC prevented the biofilm formation. Similarly, the preformed biofilms were significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by the AITC-FLC combination. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 0.132 to 0.312 indicated the synergistic activity of AITC and FLC against the biofilm formation and the preformed biofilms. No hemolytic activity at the biofilm inhibitory concentrations of AITC and the AITC-FLC combination suggested the absence of cytotoxic effects. The recognizable synergy between AITC and FLC offers a potential therapeutic strategy against biofilm-associatedCandidainfections.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India.
authors.forename: Jayant Shankar
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Raut
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST & UGC-SAP sponsored), SRTM University, Nanded, 431606 (MH), India.
authors.forename: Bhagyashree Shridhar
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Bansode
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST & UGC-SAP sponsored), SRTM University, Nanded, 431606 (MH), India.
authors.forename: Ashwini Khanderao
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST & UGC-SAP sponsored), SRTM University, Nanded, 431606 (MH), India.
authors.forename: Sankunny Mohan
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Karuppayil
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D004338:Drug Combinations; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D026141:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D025301:Hyphae / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010933:Plankton / Q000187:drug effects; D037521:Virulence Factors
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D037521:Virulence Factors; D015725:Fluconazole; C004471:allyl isothiocyanate
keywords: Anti-biofilm; Candida; combination; drug resistance; phytochemical; virulence