title: Neuroprotection and reduced gliosis by pre- and post-treatments of hydroquinone in a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Hydroquinone (HQ), a major metabolite of benzene, exists in many plant-derived food and products. Although many studies have addressed biological properties of HQ including the regulation of immune responses and antioxidant activity, neuroprotective effects of HQ following ischemic insults have not yet been considered. Therefore, in this study, we examined neuroprotective effects of HQ against ischemic damage in the gerbil hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region following 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. We found that pre- and post-treatments with 50 and 100 mg/kg of HQ protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic insult. Especially, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ showed strong neuroprotective effects against ischemic damage. In addition, pre- and post-treatments with 100 mg/kg of HQ significantly attenuated activations of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 region compared to the vehicle-treated-ischemia-operated group. Briefly, these results show that pre- and post-treatments with HQ can protect neurons from transient cerebral ischemia and strongly attenuate ischemia-induced glial activation in the hippocampal CA1 region, and indicate that HQ can be used for both prevention and therapy of ischemic injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chan Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Myoung Cheol
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jun Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Tae-Kyeong
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: In Hye
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Hwi
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yang Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jong-Dai
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tae
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea.
authors.forename: Bich Na
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24253, South Korea.
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
authors.forename: Bai Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea. Electronic address: mhwon@kangwon.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Moo-Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Won
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea. Electronic address: ijkang@hallym.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Il Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005911:Gliosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D006873:Hydroquinones; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C031927:hydroquinone
keywords: Astrocytes; Cornu ammonis 1 region; Hydroquinone; Microglia; Neuroprotection; Pyramidal neurons