title: Scoring System Development and Added Value of Albuminuria to Estimate Carotid Intima-media Thickness (CIMT) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to develop a scoring system and measure the diagnostic added value of albuminuria to estimate CIMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  cross-sectional study was done in Endocrine Outpatient Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between March-May 2012 in T2DM patients without history of cerebrocardiovascular event, CKD stage ≥ III, and smoking. Bivariate analysis and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis was done, followed by developing the scoring system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  from 71 subjects, there were 67.6% with increased CIMT and 73.3% with albuminuria. From 48 subjects with increased CIMT, 87.5% had albuminuria. Albuminuria measurement had high sensitivity (87.5%). Adding albuminuria measurement will increase the AUC as 2.3%. Estimation score for duration of DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia were as follows 1, 2, 1 respectively. Probability score of increased CIMT for score <2, 2, and >2 was as follows 15%, 57%, and 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  albuminuria measurement increase the diagnostic value of CIMT. Scoring system can be used as a screening tool to estimate the increased of CIMT in type 2 DM patients without history of cerebrocardiovascular event, CKD stage ≥ III, and smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Jakarta, Indonesia. indra.wijaya@uph.edu.
authors.forename: Indra
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wijaya
authors.forename: Em
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yunir
authors.forename: Dharmeizar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dharmeizar
authors.forename: Ika Prasetya
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Wijaya
authors.forename: Siti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Setiati
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D059168:Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
keywords: albuminuria; carotid intima-media thickness; type 2 diabetes mellitus