title: A proto-type galectin-2 from rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus): Molecular, genomic, and expression analysis, and recognition of microbial pathogens by recombinant protein.
abstract: A β-galactoside binding lectin, designated as galectin-2, was identified and characterized from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus (OfGal-2). The cDNA of OfGal-2 comprised of 692 bp with a coding sequence of 396 bp, encoding a putative polypeptide of 131 amino acids. Gene structure analysis of OfGal-2 revealed a four exon-three intron organization. A single carbohydrate-binding domain containing all seven important residues for carbohydrate binding was located in the third exon, which formed a carbohydrate-binding pocket. Homology screening and sequence analysis demonstrated that OfGal-2 is an evolutionarily conserved proto-type galectin. OfGal-2 transcripts were detected in several healthy fish tissues, with the highest level observed in the intestine, followed by the liver. The expression of OfGal-2 was elevated upon the injection of various mitogenic stimulants and pathogens in a time-dependent manner. Upregulated expression in the liver after tissue injury suggested its role as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Recombinant OfGal-2 protein had hemagglutinating potential and possessed affinity towards lactose and galactose. Moreover, the recombinant protein agglutinated and bound potential pathogenic bacteria and a ciliate. The results of this study indicate that the galectin-2 from rock bream has a potential role in immunity, particularly in the recognition of invading pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna, Jaffna 40000, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: William Shanthakumar
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Thulasitha
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Navaneethaiyer
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Umasuthan
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-up, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Bo-Hye
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.affiliation: Insilicogen Inc., Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16954, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: twkang@insilicogen.com.
authors.forename: Tae-Wook
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Life Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea; Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63243, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: jehee@jejunu.ac.kr.
authors.forename: Jehee
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D037501:Galectin 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D040342:Genetic Structures; D007422:Intestines / Q000502:physiology*; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D059467:Transcriptome; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D037501:Galectin 2; D051192:Receptors, Pattern Recognition; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
keywords: Agglutination; Galectin-2; Innate immunity; Microbial binding; mRNA expression