title: Bovine milk oligosaccharides decrease gut permeability and improve inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in diet-induced obese mice.
abstract: Obesity is characterized by altered gut homeostasis, including dysbiosis and increased gut permeability closely linked to the development of metabolic disorders. Milk oligosaccharides are complex sugars that selectively enhance the growth of specific beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and could be used as prebiotics. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effects of bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis (B. infantis) on restoring diet-induced obesity intestinal microbiota and barrier function defects in mice. Male C57/BL6 mice were fed a Western diet (WD, 40% fat/kcal) or normal chow (C, 14% fat/kcal) for 7 wk. During the final 2 wk of the study, the diet of a subgroup of WD-fed mice was supplemented with BMO (7% wt/wt). Weekly gavage of B. infantis was performed in all mice starting at wk 3, yet B. infantis could not be detected in any luminal contents when mice were killed. Supplementation of the WD with BMO normalized the cecal and colonic microbiota with increased abundance of Lactobacillus compared with both WD and C mice and restoration of Allobaculum and Ruminococcus levels to that of C mice. The BMO supplementation reduced WD-induced increase in paracellular and transcellular flux in the large intestine as well as mRNA levels of the inflammatory marker tumor necrosis factor α. In conclusion, BMO are promising prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function for enhanced health.
authors.affiliation: INRA UR1341 Alimentation, Adaptations Digestives, Nerveuses et Comportementales, Saint-Gilles, France F-35590. Electronic address: Gaelle.Boudry@inra.fr.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boudry
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: M Kristina
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chichlowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: Saumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wickramasinghe
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kalanetra
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616; Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis 95616.
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Raybould
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D064806:Dysbiosis; D007249:Inflammation; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability
chemical_list: D009844:Oligosaccharides
keywords: gut homeostasis; obesity; prebiotic