title: Differential effects of patient symptom subtypes on informal hospice caregiver depression.
abstract: ABSTRACTObjective:Researchers sought to determine the extent to which burden related to patients' symptom subtypes could predict informal hospice caregiver depression, and to illustrate the differences between caregivers who experience suicidal ideation and those who do not.
  
  
  
  Informal caregivers recruited from a not-for-profit community-based hospice agency participated in a cross-sectional survey. Self-report questionnaires assessed caregiver burden associated with patient symptomatology (via a modified version of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale-Short Form) and caregiver depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation (measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9). Multiple regressions evaluated the unique predictability of patients' symptom subtypes on caregiver depression. Exploratory analyses examined mean differences of study variables between participants who did and did not endorse suicidal ideation.
  
  
  
  Caregiver burden related to patients' psychological symptoms accounted for significant variance in caregiver depression scores when controlling for burden related to physical symptoms. Among 229 caregivers (M age = 61.4 years), 12 reported suicidal ideation, where 6 of the 12 were male, despite male caregivers comprising less than 20% of the total sample.
  
  
  
  Burden associated with patients' psychological symptoms uniquely contributed to caregiver depression, further highlighting the clinical utility and necessity for hospice providers to address the emotional needs of patients and their caregivers alike. Developing clinical procedures to identify and respond to such needs would not only behoove hospice agencies, but it would likely enhance the caregiving experience holistically, which might be particularly imperative for male caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science,North Chicago,Illinois.
authors.forename: Chelsey M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri.
authors.forename: Karla T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Washington
authors.affiliation: Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital,Columbia,Missouri.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri.
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker Oliver
authors.affiliation: University of Washington,Seattle,Washington.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Demiris
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri,Columbia,Missouri.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D017051:Hospice Care / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D057566:Self Report; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D059020:Suicidal Ideation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013577:Syndrome; D000078329:Workforce
keywords: Advanced illness; Caregiver; Depression; End of life; Suicidal ideation