title: A metabolomic study of biomarkers of meat and fish intake.
abstract: Background:Meat and fish intakes have been associated with various chronic diseases. The use of specific biomarkers may help to assess meat and fish intake and improve subject classification according to the amount and type of meat or fish consumed.Objective:A metabolomic approach was applied to search for biomarkers of meat and fish intake in a dietary intervention study and in free-living subjects from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.Design:In the dietary intervention study, 4 groups of 10 subjects consumed increasing quantities of chicken, red meat, processed meat, and fish over 3 successive weeks. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected during each period and analyzed by high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Signals characteristic of meat or fish intake were replicated in 50 EPIC subjects for whom a 24-h urine sample and 24-h dietary recall were available and who were selected for their exclusive intake or no intake of any of the 4 same foods.Results:A total of 249 mass spectrometric features showed a positive dose-dependent response to meat or fish intake in the intervention study. Eighteen of these features best predicted intake of the 4 food groups in the EPIC urine samples on the basis of partial receiver operator curve analyses with permutation testing (areas under the curve ranging between 0.61 and 1.0). Of these signals, 8 metabolites were identified. Anserine was found to be specific for chicken intake, whereas trimethylamine-N-oxide showed good specificity for fish. Carnosine and 3 acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, and 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine) appeared to be more generic indicators of meat and meat and fish intake, respectively.Conclusion:The meat and fish biomarkers identified in this work may be used to study associations between meat and fish intake and disease risk in epidemiologic studies. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01684917.
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Keski-Rahkonen
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Assi
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freisling
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Slimani
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamora-Ros
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, and.
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, and.
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Eibhlin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Amanda J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pala
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.affiliation: Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute (ISPO), Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.affiliation: Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Provincial Health Unit, Ragusa, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.affiliation: German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.affiliation: German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Floegel
authors.affiliation: French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Health across Generations Team, U1018, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.affiliation: French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Health across Generations Team, U1018, Villejuif, France.|Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.|University Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Marie-Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.affiliation: Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.|Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baglietto
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and.|WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and.|WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Androniki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naska
authors.affiliation: Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; and.|WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Orfanos
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; scalberta@iarc.fr.
authors.forename: Augustin
authors.identifier: 0000-0001-6651-6710
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scalbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000588:Amines / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000652:urine; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D017747:Seafood
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D015415:Biomarkers; D004151:Dipeptides
keywords: acylcarnitines; anserine; carnosine; chicken; dietary biomarkers; fish; metabolomics; processed meat; red meat; trimethylamine-N-oxide