title: Radiofrequency Coils and Pulse Sequences for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Applications: New Perspectives and Future Developments.
abstract: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is a relevant diagnostic tool for the evaluation of cardiac morphology, function, and mass. The assessment of myocardial tissue content through the measurement of longitudinal (T1) and transversal (T2) relaxation properties and the development of different technical advances are important clinical novelties of CMR. Recently, magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been explored for the assessment of the metabolic state of tissue for cardiac function evaluation by using nuclei other than protons, such as13C and23Na, expanding our knowledge of the kinetics of metabolic processes. The design and development of dedicated radiofrequency coils and pulse sequences are fundamental to maximizing signal-to-noise ratio data while achieving faster cardiac examination. This review highlights the new technical developments in CMR sequences and coils.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy; Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannetti
authors.affiliation: Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Marchi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pingitore
mesh_terms: D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009206:Myocardium