title: Removal of a mixture of pesticides by a Streptomyces consortium: Influence of different soil systems.
abstract: Although the use of organochlorine pesticides (OPs) is restricted or banned in most countries, they continue posing environmental and health concerns, so it is imperative to develop methods for removing them from the environment. This work is aimed to investigate the simultaneous removal of three OPs (lindane, chlordane and methoxychlor) from diverse types of systems by employing a native Streptomyces consortium. In liquid systems, a satisfactory microbial growth was observed accompanied by removal of lindane (40.4%), methoxychlor (99.5%) and chlordane (99.8%). In sterile soil microcosms, the consortium was able to grow without significant differences in the different textured soils (clay silty loam, sandy and loam), both contaminated or not contaminated with the OPs-mixture. The Streptomyces consortium was able to remove all the OPs in sterile soil microcosm (removal order: clay silty loam > loam > sandy). So, clay silty loam soil (CSLS) was selected for next assays. In non-sterile CSLS microcosms, chlordane removal was only about 5%, nonetheless, higher rates was observed for lindane (11%) and methoxychlor (20%). In CSLS slurries, the consortium exhibited similar growth levels, in the presence of or in the absence of the OPs-mixture. Not all pesticides were removed in the same way; the order of pesticide dissipation was: methoxychlor (26%)>lindane (12.5%)>chlordane (10%). The outlines of microbial growth and pesticides removal provide information about using actinobacteria consortium as strategies for bioremediation of OPs-mixture in diverse soil systems. Texture of soils and assay conditions (sterility, slurry formulation) were determining factors influencing the removal of each pesticide of the mixture.
authors.affiliation: Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fuentes
authors.affiliation: Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: Enzo E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Raimondo
authors.affiliation: Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Amoroso
authors.affiliation: Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina; Universidad del Norte Santo Tomás de Aquino, 9 de Julio 165, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina. Electronic address: cbenimeli@yahoo.com.ar.
authors.forename: Claudia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Benimeli
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002706:Chlordan / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000302:isolation & purification; D059013:Microbial Consortia; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D013302:Streptomyces / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002706:Chlordan; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane
keywords: Actinobacteria consortium; Biodegradation; Different matrices; Organochlorine pesticides pollution