title: Assessment of parabens and ultraviolet filters in human placenta tissue by ultrasound-assisted extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
abstract: Increasing concerns have been raised over recent decades about human exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), especially about their possible effects on embryo, foetus, newborn, and child. Parabens (PBs) and ultraviolet filters (UV-filters) are prevalent EDCs widely used as additives in cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs). The objective of this study was to determine the presence of four PBs and ten UV-filters in placental tissue samples using a novel analytical method based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Multivariate optimization strategies were used to accurately optimize extraction and clean-up parameters. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.15 to 0.5μgkg-1, and inter-day variability (evaluated as relative standard deviation) ranged from 3.6% to 14%. The method was validated using matrix-matched standard calibration followed by a recovery assay with spiked samples. Recovery percents ranged from 94.5% to 112%. The method was satisfactorily applied for the determination of the target compounds in human placental tissue samples collected at delivery from 15 randomly selected women. This new analytical procedure can provide information on foetal exposure to compounds, which has been little studied.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vela-Soria
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gallardo-Torres
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. Electronic address: oballest@ugr.es.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ballesteros
authors.affiliation: Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.affiliation: Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores en Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Armilla, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Navalón
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Olea
mesh_terms: D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D052244:Endocrine Disruptors / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D010226:Parabens / Q000032:analysis*; D010920:Placenta / Q000737:chemistry*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D014465:Ultrasonics
chemical_list: D052244:Endocrine Disruptors; D010226:Parabens
keywords: Endocrine disrupting chemicals; Human placenta tissue; Parabens; UHPLC–MS/MS; UV-filters; Ultrasound-assisted extraction