title: Endurance Exercise Increases Intestinal Uptake of the Peanut Allergen Ara h 6 after Peanut Consumption in Humans.
abstract: Controlled studies on the effect of exercise on intestinal uptake of protein are scarce and underlying mechanisms largely unclear. We studied the uptake of the major allergen Ara h 6 following peanut consumption in an exercise model and compared this with changes in markers of intestinal permeability and integrity. Ten overnight-fasted healthy non-allergic men (n= 4) and women (n= 6) (23 ± 4 years) ingested 100 g of peanuts together with a lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) solution, followed by rest or by 60 min cycling at 70% of their maximal workload. Significantly higher, though variable, levels of Ara h 6 in serum were found during exercise compared to rest (Peakp= 0.03; area under the curvep= 0.006), with individual fold changes ranging from no increase to an increase of over 150-fold in the uptake of Ara h 6. Similarly, uptake of lactulose (2-18 fold change,p= 0.0009) and L/R ratios (0.4-7.9 fold change,p= 0.04) were significantly increased which indicates an increase in intestinal permeability. Intestinal permeability and uptake of Ara h 6 were strongly correlated (r= 0.77,p< 0.0001 for lactulose and Ara h 6). Endurance exercise after consumption may lead to increased paracellular intestinal uptake of food proteins.
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. lonneke.janssen@wur.nl.|Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. lonneke.janssen@wur.nl.|Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. lonneke.janssen@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Lonneke M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: JanssenDuijghuijsen
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. klaske.vannorren@wur.nl.|Nutricia Research, P.O. Box 80141, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. klaske.vannorren@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Klaske
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Norren
authors.affiliation: Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. sander.grefte@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Sander
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grefte
authors.affiliation: Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Rm 279 Food Innovation Center, P.O. Box 886207, Lincoln, NE 68588-6207, USA. stefkoppelman@zonnet.nl.
authors.forename: Stef J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Koppelman
authors.affiliation: Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. kaatje.lenaerts@maastrichtuniversity.nl.
authors.forename: Kaatje
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lenaerts
authors.affiliation: Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. jaap.keijer@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keijer
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Pharmacology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. renger.witkamp@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Renger F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Witkamp
authors.affiliation: Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. harry.wichers@wur.nl.
authors.forename: Harry J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wichers
mesh_terms: D055516:2S Albumins, Plant / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D052179:Antigens, Plant / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010367:Arachis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D001642:Bicycling; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D062408:Breakfast; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007792:Lactulose / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D010539:Permeability; D010807:Physical Endurance; D019518:Postprandial Period; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012639:Seeds / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
chemical_list: D055516:2S Albumins, Plant; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C492737:Ara h 6 allergen, Arachis hypogaea; D015415:Biomarkers; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D007792:Lactulose
keywords: Ara h 6; allergen; endurance exercise; food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis; intestinal permeability