title: Practical Approach to Adrenal Imaging.
abstract: Various pathologies can affect the adrenal gland. Noninvasive cross-sectional imaging is used for evaluating adrenal masses. Accurate diagnosis of adrenal lesions is critical, especially in cancer patients; the presence of adrenal metastasis changes prognosis and treatment. Characterization of adrenal lesions predominantly relies on morphologic and physiologic features to enable correct diagnosis and management. Key diagnostic features to differentiate benign and malignant adrenal lesions include presence/absence of intracytoplasmic lipid, fat cells, hemorrhage, calcification, or necrosis and locoregional and distant disease; enhancement pattern and washout values; and lesion size and stability. This article reviews a spectrum of adrenal pathologies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address: KMElsayes@mdanderson.org.
authors.forename: Khaled M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Elsayes
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic and Intervention Radiology, Cairo University, Kasr Al-Ainy Street, Cairo 11652, Egypt.
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emad-Eldin
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ajaykumar C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morani
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street Unit 1473, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Corey T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans
keywords: Adenoma; Adrenal; Adrenocortical carcinoma; Computed tomography; Magnetic resonance; Pheochromocytoma