title: Heated intravenous fluids alone fail to prevent hypothermia in cats under general anaesthesia.
abstract: Objectives The objective was to evaluate the clinical efficiacy of a constant rate infusion of heated fluid as the sole means of preventing intraoperative hypothermia in cats. Methods This randomised, prospective, clinical study was conducted at a university teaching veterinary hospital. Female cats (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade I) undergoing elective surgery by laparotomy under general anaesthesia (acepromazine 0.05 mg/kg SC; morphine 0.2 mg/kg IV; propofol IV titrated, isoflurane 2% in 100% oxygen) were randomised in two groups. Both groups were infused with fluid (NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg/h) either at room temperature (control group) or prewarmed at 43°C (warmed group) using an Astoflo Plus eco (Stihler Electronic) fluid heating device. No other heating device was used. Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and SpO2were evaluated after induction (T0) and every 15 mins for 1 h (T15, T30, T45, T60). Mean arterial blood pressure was recorded every 30 mins (T0, T30 and T60). Results Thirty-four female cats (ASA grade I) were enrolled in the study. There was no difference in age, weight, propofol dose or room temperature (22.4 ± 1.1°C vs 22.0 ± 1.5°C; P = 0.363) between control and warmed groups, respectively. In both groups, oesophageal temperature significantly decreased during anaesthesia ( P <0.0001). The temperature decrease after 1 h was -3.6 ± 0.7°C in the warmed group and was not significantly different from the control group (-3.4 ± 0.7°C; P = 0.307). The slopes of the temperature decrease did not significantly differ between the two groups (-0.058 ± 0.013°C/min vs -0.060 ± 0.010°C/min for the control and warmed groups, respectively; P = 0.624). Conclusions and relevance This study provides clinical evidence that a constant rate infusion of heated fluid alone fails to prevent intraoperative hypothermia in cats. The low infusion rate (5 ml/kg/h) could partly explain the ineffectiveness of this active warming device in minimising or delaying the onset of intraoperative hypothermia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care - Anesthesia, National School of Veterinary Medecine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Geraldine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jourdan
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care - Anesthesia, National School of Veterinary Medecine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Didier
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care - Anesthesia, National School of Veterinary Medecine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Erwan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chotard
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care - Anesthesia, National School of Veterinary Medecine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care - Anesthesia, National School of Veterinary Medecine, Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verwaerde
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome