title: Non-HLA gene polymorphisms in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: associations with disease outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that non-HLA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the risk of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are risk factors for an unfavourable disease outcome at long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Nordic JIA cohort is a prospective multicentre study cohort of patients from the Nordic countries. In all, 193 patients met the inclusion criteria of having an 8 year follow-up assessment and available DNA sample. Seventeen SNPs met the inclusion criteria of having significant associations with JIA in at least two previous independent study cohorts. Clinical endpoints were disease remission, actively inflamed joints and joints with limitation of motion (LOM), articular or extra-articular damage, and history of uveitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence of associations between genotypes and endpoints were found for STAT4, ADAD1-IL2-IL21, PTPN2, and VTCN1 (p = 0.003-0.05). STAT4_rs7574865 TT was associated with the presence of actively inflamed joints [odds ratio (OR) 20.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2-> 100, p = 0.003] and extra-articular damage (OR 7.9, 95% CI 1-56.6, p = 0.057). ADAD1_rs17388568 AA was associated with a lower risk of having joints with LOM (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0-0.55, p = 0.016). PTPN2_rs1893217 CC was associated with a lower risk of having joints with LOM (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0-0.99, p = 0.026), while VTCN1_rs2358820 GA was associated with uveitis (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1-12.1, p = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This exploratory study, using a prospectively followed JIA cohort, found significant associations between long-term outcome and SNPs, all previously associated with development of JIA and involved in immune regulation and signal transduction in immune cells.
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.|b Department of Paediatrics , Naestved Hospital , Naestved , Denmark.|c Institute for Inflammation Research , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alberdi-Saugstrup
authors.affiliation: c Institute for Inflammation Research , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Enevold
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zak
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.affiliation: d Department of Paediatrics , University Hospital of North Norway , Tromsø , Norway.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nordal
authors.affiliation: e Department of Women's and Children's Health , Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berntson
authors.affiliation: f Department of Paediatrics , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasth
authors.affiliation: g Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rygg
authors.affiliation: a Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.|c Institute for Inflammation Research , Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D062072:Patient Acuity; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011446:Prospective Studies; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries / Q000453:epidemiology; D060907:V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; C494090:STAT4 protein, human; D060907:V-Set Domain-Containing T-Cell Activation Inhibitor 1; C475826:VTCN1 protein, human; C516649:PTPN2 protein, human; D054578:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 2