Synergistic acceleration in the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by calcium silicate-graphene composites.
Recent exciting findings of the biological interactions of graphene materials have shed light on potential biomedical applications of graphene-containing composites. Owing to the superior mechanical properties and low coefficient of thermal expansion, graphene has been widely used in the reinforcement of biocomposites. In the present study, various ratios of graphene (0.25wt%, 0.5wt% and 1.0wt%) were reinforced into calcium silicate (CS) for bone graft application. Results show that the graphene was embedded in the composites homogeneously. Adding 1wt% graphene into CS increased the young's modulus by ~47.1%. The formation of bone-like apatite on a range of composites with graphene weight percentages ranging from 0 to 1 has been investigated in simulated body fluid. The presence of a bone-like apatite layer on the composites surface after immersion in simulated body fluid was considered by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro cytocompatibility of the graphene-contained CS composites was evaluated using human marrow stem cells (hMSCs). The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin osteogenesis-related protein expression of the hMSCs on the 1wt% graphene-contained specimens showed better results than on the pure CS. In addition, the angiogenesis-related protein (vWF and ang-1) secretion of cells was significantly stimulated when the graphene concentration in the composites was increased. These results suggest that graphene-contained CS bone graft are promising materials for bone tissue engineering applications.
3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Ming-You
MY
Shie
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.
Wei-Hung
WH
Chiang
Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, Taitung City, Taiwan.
I-Wen Peter
IP
Chen
3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan.
Wen-Yi
WY
Liu
3D Printing Medical Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan. Electronic address: evinchen@mail.cmu.edu.tw.
Yi-Wen
YW
Chen
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000494:pharmacology; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D025021:Cementogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D006108:Graphite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D056951:Photoelectron Spectroscopy; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D024042:Collagen Type I; D017640:Silicates; D015675:Osteocalcin; D006108:Graphite; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C031293:calcium silicate
Angiogenesis; Calcium silicate; Graphene; Human marrow stem cells; Osteogenesis