Evaluation of an Aqueous Extract from Horseradish Root (Armoracia rusticanaRadix) against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cellular Inflammation Reaction.
Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) is a perennial crop and its root is used in condiments. Traditionally, horseradish root is used to treat bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and urinary bladder. The antiphlogistic activity, determined in activated primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), was evaluated for an aqueous extract and its subfractions, separated by HPLC. Compound analysis was done by UHPLC-QToF/MS and GC-MS. The aqueous extract concentration-dependently inhibited the anti-inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in terms of TNF-αrelease at ≥37μg/mL. Further, the cyclooxygenase as well as lipoxygenase pathway was blocked by the extract as demonstrated by inhibition of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2synthesis at ≥4μg/mL and leukotriene LTB4 release. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of ERK1/2 and c-Jun activation preceded COX-2 suppression upon plant extract treatment in the presence of LPS. Chemical analysis identified target compounds with a medium polarity as relevant for the observed bioactivity. Importantly, allyl isothiocyanate, which is quite well known for its anti-inflammatory capacity and as the principal pungent constituent in horseradish roots, was not relevant for the observations. The results suggest that horseradish root exerts an antiphlogistic activity in human immune cells by regulation of the COX and LOX pathwayviaMAPK signalling.
Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute of Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Corinna
C
Herz
Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute of Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Hoai Thi Thu
HT
Tran
Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute of Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Melinda-Rita
MR
Márton
Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
Ronald
R
Maul
Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
Susanne
0000-0002-1501-4320
S
Baldermann
Department of Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
Monika
M
Schreiner
Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute of Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Elsässer Strasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
Evelyn
0000-0002-5620-1595
E
Lamy