Electrochemically reduced water exerts superior reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in HT1080 cells than the equivalent level of hydrogen-dissolved water.
Electrochemically reduced water (ERW) is produced near a cathode during electrolysis and exhibits an alkaline pH, contains richly dissolved hydrogen, and contains a small amount of platinum nanoparticles. ERW has reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity and recent studies demonstrated that hydrogen-dissolved water exhibits ROS-scavenging activity. Thus, the antioxidative capacity of ERW is postulated to be dependent on the presence of hydrogen levels; however, there is no report verifying the role of dissolved hydrogen in ERW. In this report, we clarify whether the responsive factor for antioxidative activity in ERW is dissolved hydrogen. The intracellular ROS scavenging activity of ERW and hydrogen-dissolved water was tested by both fluorescent stain method and immuno spin trapping assay. We confirm that ERW possessed electrolysis intensity-dependent intracellular ROS-scavenging activity, and ERW exerts significantly superior ROS-scavenging activity in HT1080 cells than the equivalent level of hydrogen-dissolved water. ERW retained its ROS-scavenging activity after removal of dissolved hydrogen, but lost its activity when autoclaved. An oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and chemiluminescence assay could not detect radical-scavenging activity in both ERW and hydrogen-dissolved water. These results indicate that ERW contains electrolysis-dependent hydrogen and an additional antioxidative factor predicted to be platinum nanoparticles.
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Takeki
T
Hamasaki
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Gakuro
G
Harada
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Noboru
N
Nakamichi
Nihon Trim Co. Ltd, Oyodonaka, Kita-ku, Osaka, Japan.
Shigeru
S
Kabayama
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Kiichiro
K
Teruya
Innovation Policy Research Center, IPRC, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Bunshi
B
Fugetsu
Innovation Policy Research Center, IPRC, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Wei
W
Gong
Policy Alternative Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Ichiro
I
Sakata
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.
Sanetaka
S
Shirahata
D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004572:Electrolysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology
D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide