Effects of resistance training and estrogen replacement on adipose tissue inflammation in ovariectomized rats.
Estrogen deficiency is directly related to central obesity and low-grade inflammation. Hormonal replacement and exercise training are both able to decrease fat accumulation and inflammation in postmenopausal women. However, the efficiency of resistance training (RT) and estrogen replacement (ER) in minimizing adiposity and inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of ovariectomized (OVX) rats has not yet been elucidated. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following 6 groups: sham-operated sedentary (Sham-Sed), OVX-Sed, Sham-RT, OVX-RT, OVX-Sed-ER, and OVX-RT-ER groups. ER was performed by implanting silastic capsules containing 17β-estradiol. For RT, the animals were required to climb a 1.1-m vertical ladder with conical flasks containing weights attached to their tails for 12 weeks. Histological analyses were used to evaluate morphological changes. Gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and protein concentrations were determined using Multiplex/Luminex assays. Ovariectomy increased the body mass (BM), adipocyte area, and inflammation in the VAT, the latter of which was indicated by reduced interleukin-10 (48%) and increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration (∼3%). RT efficiently decreased BM, adipocyte area, and inflammation in the OVX groups. The combination of RT and ER decreased BM (19%) and the TNF-α concentration (18%) and increased the gene and protein expression levels of adiponectin (173% and 18%). These results indicate that RT and the combination of RT and ER are efficient strategies for reducing the BM and improving the inflammatory status of OVX rats.
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Maria Fernanda Cury
MFC
Rodrigues
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Fabiano Candido
FC
Ferreira
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Natália Santanielo
NS
Silva-Magosso
c Department of Health Education, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe 49400-000, Brazil.
Marina Rodrigues
MR
Barbosa
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Markus Vinicius Campos
MVC
Souza
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Mateus Moraes
MM
Domingos
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Gustavo Henrique Rigo
GHR
Canevazzi
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Uliana Sbeguen
US
Stotzer
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Sabrina Messa
SM
Peviani
b Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University State Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo 19060-900, Brazil.
Fábio Santos
FS
de Lira
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Heloísa Sobreiro
HS
Selistre de Araújo
a Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
Sérgio Eduardo de Andrade
SEA
Perez
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D004958:Estradiol
adipose tissue; cytokines; entraînement contre résistance; estrogen; inflammation; rats; resistance training; tissu adipeux; œstrogène