Intravenous lidocaine for effective pain relief after bimaxillary surgery.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative pain in bimaxillary surgery.


METHODS
Between July 2015 and November 2015, 52 consecutive patients that underwent bimaxillary surgery were recruited to the present study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: group L (1.5 mg/kg bolus and 2 mg/kg/h continuous infusion during the operation) and group C (normal saline). To measure pain intensity, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after surgery. Rescue ketorolac use was measured in the first 4, 4-8, 8-24, and 24-48 h after surgery. Total ketorolac consumption (the sum of rescue and eight-hourly fixed schedule ketorolac injection), WBC count, neutrophil count, and postoperative swelling were recorded.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to demographics. VAS pain scores were significantly lower in group L compared with group C up to 8 h after surgery. Rescue ketorolac use up to 8 h after surgery and total ketorolac consumption were significantly lower in group L than in group C. Postoperative WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly decreased in group L. Compared with group C, the amount of calibrated postoperative swelling was lower in group L.


CONCLUSIONS
Systemic lidocaine infusion during bimaxillary surgery reduces postoperative pain, analgesic consumption, and facial swelling.


CONCLUSIONS
Systemic lidocaine is simple, economic, and a safe procedure reducing pain and soft tissue swelling after bimaxillary surgery.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06911, Republic of Korea.
Uilyong
U
Lee
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06911, Republic of Korea.
Young-Jun
YJ
Choi
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06911, Republic of Korea.
Geun Joo
GJ
Choi
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06911, Republic of Korea. roman00@naver.com.
Hyun
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-5880
H
Kang
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054893:Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004487:Edema / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D008012:Lidocaine; D020910:Ketorolac
Anesthesia; Inflammation; Local anesthetics; Orthognathic surgery; Pain; Surgery