Design, formulation and sensory evaluation of a polyphenol-rich food placebo: an example of aronia juice for food intervention studies.
Products suitable for use as controls in food interventions designed to demonstrate the role of minor components are largely lacking. In the present study, we aimed to develop a formulation to be used as a placebo in a clinical trial designed to assess the effects of aronia juice polyphenols on platelet function. Three formulations with the same nutrient composition as aronia juice were prepared by mixing various nutrients, artificial colours and flavours with water. The similarity of formulations to aronia juice in terms of taste, colour, smell and texture was assessed by six food panellists. The final placebo was tested for its impact on platelet function, biochemical and anthropometric parameters in a 4-week long study. No significant changes in platelet function, or in several cardiovascular and safety markers were recorded. Formulation suitable for use as a placebo for dietary intervention studies using aronia juice has been developed and demonstrated to be well tolerated in humans.
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Nevena
N
Kardum
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Aleksandra
A
Konic Ristic
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Manja
M
Zec
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Milica
M
Kojadinovic
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Gordana
G
Petrovic-Oggiano
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Milica
M
Zekovic
b Food and Health Programme , Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park , Norwich , United Kingdom.
Paul A
PA
Kroon
a Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism , Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia.
Maria
M
Glibetić
D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D000067030:Fruit and Vegetable Juices / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D046936:Photinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D013649:Taste; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
Aronia melanocarpa; anthocyanins; bioactives; functional food; platelet function