Emerging ocular biomarkers of Alzheimer disease.
Interest in reliable biomarkers of Alzheimer disease, the leading cause of dementia, has been fuelled by challenges in diagnosing the disease and monitoring disease progression as well as the response to therapy. A range of ocular manifestations of Alzheimer disease, including retinal and lens amyloid-beta accumulation, retinal nerve fiber layer loss, and retinal vascular changes, have been proposed as potential biomarkers of the disease. Herein, we examine the evidence regarding the potential value of these ocular biomarkers of Alzheimer disease.
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.|Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Australia.
Peter
P
van Wijngaarden
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.|Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Australia.
Xavier
X
Hadoux
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.|Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Australia.
Mostafa
M
Alwan
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.|Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Australia.
Stuart
S
Keel
Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Australia.|Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Australia.
Mohamed
M
Dirani
D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000378:metabolism*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*
D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers
Alzheimer disease; amyloid beta; biomarker; ocular; retina