Genotoxic and chemopreventive assessment of Cynara scolymus L. aqueous extract in a human-derived liver cell line.
Cynara scolymus L., popularly known as artichoke, is consumed as food and used as tea infusions for pharmacological purposes to treat liver dysfunctions and other conditions. Scientific data on the safety and protective effect of artichoke in human-derived liver cells is missing. This study investigated the genotoxic and modulatory effect of a liophilized extract suspended in water of C. scolymus L. leaves. Four extract concentrations (0.62, 1.25, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/mL) were evaluated using the comet assay on human hepatocyte cultures, HepG2 cells. Genotoxicity was assessed after two treatment periods, 1 and 24 h. Antigenotoxicity was evaluated against oxidative lesions induced by hydrogen peroxide in pre-, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols. Artichoke leaves aqueous extract induced genotoxic effects in HepG2 cells after 1- and 24-h treatments. In turn, extract concentrations of 0.62, 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, exhibited a protective effect in pretreatment, compared to hydrogen peroxide alone. However, in simultaneous and post-treatment protocols, only the lowest concentration reduced the frequency of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. In addition, in the simultaneous treatment protocol, the highest artichoke extract concentration increased hydrogen peroxide genotoxicity. It can be concluded that artichoke is genotoxic, in vitro, to HepG2 cells, but can also modulate hydrogen peroxide DNA damage.
a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Regiane Pereira
RP
da Silva
b Biomedicine Course, Methodist University Center , Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Laura Vicedo
LV
Jacociunas
a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Raíne Fogliati
RF
de Carli
a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Bianca Regina Ribas
BRR
de Abreu
a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Mauricio
M
Lehmann
c Laboratory of Toxicological Genetics , and.
Juliana
J
da Silva
d Laboratory of Pharmacognosis and Phytochemistry, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Alexandre de Barros Falcão
ABF
Ferraz
a Laboratories of Genetic Toxicity (TOXIGEN) and Cellular Toxic-Genetic Analysis, Post-Graduation Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology Applied to Health, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) , Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil.
Rafael Rodrigues
RR
Dihl
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D001938:Brazil; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D020552:Comet Assay; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D004249:DNA Damage; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects; D005612:Freeze Drying; D056945:Hep G2 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D022781:Hepatocytes; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D058871:Organic Agriculture; D016877:Oxidants / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D009153:Mutagens; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide
Artichoke; HepG2; antigenotoxicity; comet assay; genotoxicity