Enhanced phytoremediation of soils contaminated with PAHs by arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium.
Greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effectiveness of a legume (Sesbania cannabina), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Glomus mosseae), and rhizobia (Ensifer sp.) symbiosis for remediation of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in spiked soil. AMF and rhizobia had a beneficial impact on each other in the triple symbiosis. AMF and/or rhizobia significantly increased plant biomass and PAHs accumulation in plants. The highest PAHs dissipation was observed in plant + AMF + rhizobia treated soil, in which >97 and 85-87% of phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively, had been degraded, whereas 81-85 and 72-75% had been degraded in plant-treated soil. During the experiment, a relatively large amount of water-soluble phenolic compounds was detected in soils of AMF and/or rhizobia treatment. It matches well with the high microbial activity and soil enzymes activity. These results suggest that the mutual interactions in the triple symbiosis enhanced PAHs degradation via stimulating both microbial development and soil enzyme activity. The mutual interactions between rhizobia and AMF help to improve phytoremediation efficiency of PAHs by S. cannabina.
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Cheng-Gang
CG
Ren
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.|b Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , China.
Cun-Cui
CC
Kong
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Bian
B
Bian
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Wei
W
Liu
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Yan
Y
Li
c Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Yong-Ming
YM
Luo
a Key Laboratory of Biology and Utilization of Biological Resources of Coastal Zone , Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yantai , China.
Zhi-Hong
ZH
Xie
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D038821:Mycorrhizae; D018517:Plant Roots; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012231:Rhizobium; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants
AMF; Sesbania cannabina; biotoremediation; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; rhizobia