Impact of physical activity level and dietary fat content on passive overconsumption of energy in non-obese adults.
Passive overconsumption is the increase in energy intake driven by the high-fat energy-dense food environment. This can be explained in part because dietary fat has a weaker effect on satiation (i.e. process that terminates feeding). Habitually active individuals show improved satiety (i.e. process involved in post-meal suppression of hunger) but any improvement in satiation is unknown. Here we examined whether habitual physical activity mitigates passive overconsumption through enhanced satiation in response to a high-fat meal.



Twenty-one non-obese individuals with high levels of physical activity (HiPA) and 19 individuals with low levels of physical activity (LoPA) matched for body mass index (mean = 22.8 kg/m2) were recruited. Passive overconsumption was assessed by comparing ad libitum energy intake from covertly manipulated high-fat (HFAT; 50% fat) or high-carbohydrate (HCHO; 70% carbohydrate) meals in a randomized crossover design. Habitual physical activity was assessed using SenseWear accelerometers (SWA). Body composition, resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, fasting appetite-related peptides and hedonic food reward were also measured.



In the whole sample, passive overconsumption was observed with greater energy intake at HFAT compared to HCHO (p < 0.01), without any differences between activity groups (p > 0.05). SWA confirmed that HiPA were more active than LoPA (p < 0.01). HiPA had lower body fat and greater fat-free mass than LoPA (p < 0.05 for both) but did not differ in resting metabolic rate, eating behaviour traits, appetite-related peptides or food reward (p > 0.05 for all).



Non-obese individuals with high or low physical activity levels but matched for BMI showed similar susceptibility to passive overconsumption when consuming an ad libitum high-fat compared to a high-carbohydrate meal. This occurred despite increased total daily energy expenditure and improved body composition in HiPA. Greater differences in body composition and/or physical activity levels may be required to impact on satiation.
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. k.beaulieu14@leeds.ac.uk.
Kristine
0000-0001-8926-6953
K
Beaulieu
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.|School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Mark
M
Hopkins
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
John
J
Blundell
School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Graham
G
Finlayson
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D001069:Appetite Regulation; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006963:Hyperphagia; D008297:Male; D062407:Meals; D009765:Obesity; D012016:Reference Values; D012527:Satiation / Q000187:drug effects; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects*; D055815:Young Adult
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats
Appetite control; Body composition; Habitual physical activity; High-fat; Passive overconsumption