Conservative Nonhormonal Options for the Treatment of Male Infertility: Antibiotics, Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, and Antioxidants.
The nonhormonal medical treatment can be divided into empirical, when the cause has not been identified, and nonempirical, if the pathogenic mechanism causing male infertility can be solved or ameliorated. The empirical nonhormonal medical treatment has been proposed for patients with idiopathic or noncurable oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and for normozoospermic infertile patients. Anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and antioxidant compounds, oligo elements, and vitamin supplementation may be prescribed. Infection, inflammation, and/or increased oxidative stress often require a specific treatment with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and/or antioxidants. Combined therapies can contribute to improve sperm quality.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Aldo E
0000-0001-6950-335X
AE
Calogero
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Rosita A
RA
Condorelli
Department of Surgery, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Giorgio Ivan
0000-0003-4687-7353
GI
Russo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Sandro
0000-0002-7113-2372
S
La Vignera
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents