Blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome: New insights on craniofacial and dental features.
Blepharocheilodontic (BCD) syndrome is a rare condition characterized by bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), eyelid abnormalities, and oligodontia. Despite orofacial clefting and oligodontia being central features of the condition, detailed reports of dental and craniofacial characteristics are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the dental and craniofacial features in a group of patients with BCD syndrome (three of which were related). Cephalometric radiographic analyses were performed on BCD syndrome patients (all radiographs taken at age 8 years) and compared to 40 randomly selected age-matched controls (20 non-syndromic BCLP, 20 non-cleft). Also, we assessed clinical records, photographs, dental study casts, and dental radiographs to determine the extent and pattern of tooth agenesis, dental morphology and malocclusion. BCD syndrome patients showed a very severe skeletal III malocclusion (maxillary-mandibular sagittal discrepancy) and reduced anterior lower face measurement compared to non-syndromic BCLP and non-cleft controls (P = 0.001, P = 0.027). All patients exhibited oligodontia (mean number of missing permanent teeth 13.7, range 7-17). All patients exhibited missing upper central and lateral incisor, upper canine and premolar teeth. Variations in dental morphology included taurodontism, conical-shaped teeth, and notching of the incisal edges. All patients had a short and narrow maxilla which translated into anterior and posterior cross bites. We conclude that, in our BCD syndrome group, the craniofacial skeletal defects are more severe than patients with BCLP. The pattern of tooth agenesis is unusual as it included teeth that are normally highly resistant to agenesis, namely upper central incisor and canine teeth. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Wael
W
Awadh
Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.|Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Plastic surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Anu
A
Kiukkonen
Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Pekka
P
Nieminen
Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Sirpa
S
Arte
Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Plastic surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Kirsti
K
Hurmerinta
Orthodontics, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
David P
DP
Rice
D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004483:Ectropion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D011859:Radiography; D019291:Skull Base / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D014071:Tooth Abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
Blepharocheilodontic syndrome; cleft lip and palate; craniofacial; dental anomalies; oligodontia