Multivariate approach to quantitative analysis of Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and their natural enemy populations at different cotton spacings.
The relationship between pests and natural enemies using multivariate analysis on cotton in different spacing has not been documented yet. Using multivariate approaches is possible to optimize strategies to control Aphis gossypii at different crop spacings because the possibility of a better use of the aphid sampling strategies as well as the conservation and release of its natural enemies. The aims of the study were (i) to characterize the temporal abundance data of aphids and its natural enemies using principal components, (ii) to analyze the degree of correlation between the insects and between groups of variables (pests and natural enemies), (iii) to identify the main natural enemies responsible for regulating A. gossypii populations, and (iv) to investigate the similarities in arthropod occurrence patterns at different spacings of cotton crops over two seasons. High correlations in the occurrence of Scymnus rubicundus with aphids are shown through principal component analysis and through the important role the species plays in canonical correlation analysis. Clustering the presence of apterous aphids matches the pattern verified for Chrysoperla externa at the three different spacings between rows. Our results indicate that S. rubicundus is the main candidate to regulate the aphid populations in all spacings studied.
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", ESALQ, Departamento de Entomologia, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
José B
JB
Malaquias
Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Av. Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, Campina Grande-PB, CEP 58428-095, Brazil.
Francisco S
FS
Ramalho
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", ESALQ, Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carlos T
CT
Dos S Dias
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Bruno P
BP
Brugger
Unidade de Controle Biológico, Embrapa Algodão, Av. Osvaldo Cruz, 1143, Campina Grande-PB, CEP 58428-095, Brazil.
Aline Cristina
AC
S Lira
Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Botucatú, São Paulo, Brazil.
Carlos F
CF
Wilcken
Universidade Federal de São Carlos, UFSCAR, Departamento de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Rural, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil.
Jéssica K S
JK
Pachú
Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
José C
JC
Zanuncio
D000818:Animals; D001042:Aphids / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D020387:Food Chain; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D010802:Phylogeny