Preclinical safety assessments of nano-sized constructs on cardiovascular system toxicity: A case for telemetry.
While nano-sized construct (NSC) use in medicine has grown significantly in recent years, reported unwanted side effects have raised safety concerns. However, the toxicity of NSCs to the cardiovascular system (CVS) and the relative merits of the associated evaluation methods have not been thoroughly studied. This review discusses the toxicological profiles of selected NSCs and provides an overview of the assessment methods, including in silico, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models and how they are related to CVS toxicity. We conclude the review by outlining the merits of telemetry coupled with spectral analysis, baroreceptor reflex sensitivity analysis and echocardiography as an appropriate integrated strategy for the assessment of the acute and chronic impact of NSCs on the CVS. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hoay Yan
HY
Cheah
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lik Voon
LV
Kiew
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hong Boon
HB
Lee
Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
Nina
N
Japundžić-Žigon
Polymer Therapeutics Lab, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012, Valencia, Spain.
Marίa J
MJ
Vicent
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
See Ziau
SZ
Hoe
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Lip Yong
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-768X
LY
Chung
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D050997:Nanomedicine / Q000379:methods*; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013686:Telemetry
Nanotoxicity; biocompatibility; cardiovascular toxicity assessment; nanomaterials; telemetry