Photobiomodulation laser and pulsed electrical field increase the viability of the musculocutaneous flap in diabetic rats.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of pulsed electrical field (PEF) and photobiomodulation laser (PBM) on the viability of the TRAM flap in diabetic rats. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into five homogeneous groups: Group 1-control; Group 2-diabetics; Group 3-diabetics + PEF; Group 4-diabetic + laser 660 nm, 10 J/cm2, 0.27 J; Group 5-diabetic + laser 660 nm, 140 J/cm2, 3.9 J. The percentage of necrotic area was evaluated using software Image J®. The peripheral circulation of the flap was evaluated by infrared thermography FLIR T450sc (FLIR® Systems-Oregon USA). The thickness of the epidermis (haematoxylin-eosin), mast cell (toluidine blue), leukocytes, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast and newly formed blood vessels were evaluated. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied followed by Dunn and ANOVA test followed by Tukey with critical level of 5% (p < 0.05). The PEF reduced the area of necrosis, decreased the leukocytes, increased the mast cells, increased the thickness of epidermis and increased newly formed blood vessels when it was compared to the untreated diabetic group of animals. Laser 660 nm, fluence 140 J/cm2(3.9 J) showed better results than the 10 J/cm2(0.27 J) related to reduction of the area of necrosis and the number of leukocytes, increased mast cells, increased thickness of the epidermis, increased vascular endothelial growth factor, increased fibroblast growth factor and increase of newly formed blood vessels in diabetic animals. The laser and pulsed electrical field increase the viability of the musculocutaneous flap in diabetic rats.
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Gabriella de Paula Marcondes Ferreira
GPMF
Leite
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Lais Mara Siqueira
LMS
das Neves
Post-Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba-UNIMEP, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Carlos Alberto
CA
Silva
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus
RRJ
Guirro
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Thamires Rodrigues
TR
de Souza
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Ana Karina
AK
de Souza
Post-Graduate Program in Pathology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
Sérgio Britto
SB
Garcia
Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School-FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. ecguirro@fmrp.usp.br.|Ribeirão Preto Medical School of the University of São Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes Avenue, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil. ecguirro@fmrp.usp.br.
Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira
ECO
Guirro
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000528:radiation effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004560:Electricity; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D064827:Myocutaneous Flap / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000528:radiation effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors
Diabetes mellitus; Dosimetry; Fibroblast growth factor; Low-level laser therapy; Phototherapy; Physiotherapy; Vascular endothelial growth factor