Anti-influenza virus activity of extracts from the stems of Jatropha multifida Linn. collected in Myanmar.
BACKGROUND
To contribute to the development of novel anti-influenza drugs, we investigated the anti-influenza activity of crude extracts from 118 medicinal plants collected in Myanmar. We discovered that extract from the stems of Jatropha multifida Linn. showed anti-influenza activity. J. multifida has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, and the stem has been reported to possess antimicrobial, antimalarial, and antitumor activities. However, the anti-influenza activity of this extract has not yet been investigated.


METHODS
We prepared water (H2O), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-hexane (Hex), and chloroform (CHCl3) extracts from the stems of J. multifida collected in Myanmar, and examined the survival of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with the influenza A (H1N1) virus, and the inhibitory effects of these crude extracts on influenza A viral infection and growth in MDCK cells.


RESULTS
The H2O extracts from the stems of J. multifida promoted the survival of MDCK cells infected with the influenza A H1N1 virus. The EtOAc and CHCl3extracts resulted in similar, but weaker, effects. The H2O, EtOAc, and CHCl3extracts from the stems of J. multifida inhibited influenza A virus H1N1 infection; the H2O extract possessed the strongest inhibitory effect on influenza infection in MDCK cells. The EtOAc, Hex, and CHCl3extracts all inhibited the growth of influenza A H1N1 virus, and the CHCl3extract demonstrated the strongest activity in MDCK cells.


CONCLUSIONS
The H2O or CHCl3extracts from the stems of J. multifida collected in Myanmar demonstrated the strongest inhibition of influenza A H1N1 viral infection or growth in MDCK cells, respectively. These results indicated that the stems of J. multifida could be regarded as an anti-influenza herbal medicine as well as a potential crude drug source for the development of anti-influenza compounds.
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan. masaki-shoji@ph.bunri-u.ac.jp.
Masaki
M
Shoji
Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
So-Yeun
SY
Woo
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
Aki
A
Masuda
Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.|Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar.
Nwet Nwet
NN
Win
Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar.
Hla
H
Ngwe
Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Infectious Disease and Host Defense, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
Etsuhisa
E
Takahashi
Division of Pathology and Metabolome Research for Infectious Disease and Host Defense, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Kido
Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
Hiroyuki
H
Morita
Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630, Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan. itot@inm.u-toyama.ac.jp.
Takuya
T
Ito
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan. kuzuhara@ph.bunri-u.ac.jp.
Takashi
T
Kuzuhara
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000187:drug effects*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D061985:Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D002052:Myanmar; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018547:Plant Stems
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts
Anti-influenza; Anti-virus; Herbal medicine; Jatropha multifida; Stem