Deoxynivalenol Exposure in Norway, Risk Assessments for Different Human Age Groups.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common mycotoxin in Norwegian cereals, and DON is detected in most samples of crude cereal grain and cereal food commodities such as flour, bran, and oat flakes. The Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety assessed the risk for adverse effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in different age groups of the domestic population. This review presents the main results from the risk assessment, supplemented with some recently published data. Impairment of the immune system together with reduced feed intake and weight gain are the critical effects of DON in experimental animals on which the current tolerable daily intake was established. Based on food consumption and occurrence data, the mean exposure to DON in years with low and high levels of DON in the flour, respectively, were in the range of or up to two times the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) in 1-year-old infants and 2-year-old children. In years with high mean DON concentration, the high (95th-percentile) exposure exceeded the TDI by up to 3.5 times in 1-, 2- , 4-, and 9-year-old children. The assessment concluded that exceeding the TDI in infants and children is of concern. The estimated dietary DON intakes in adolescent and adult populations are in the range of the TDI or below, and are not a health concern. Acute human exposure to DON is not of concern in any age group.
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway. leif.sundheim@nibio.no.|Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. leif.sundheim@nibio.no.
Leif
L
Sundheim
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. inger.therese.lillegaard@vkm.no.
Inger Therese
IT
Lillegaard
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. christiane.faste@vetinst.no.|Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway. christiane.faste@vetinst.no.
Christiane Kruse
CK
Fæste
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. annelise.brantsaeter@fhi.no.|Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. annelise.brantsaeter@fhi.no.
Anne-Lise
AL
Brantsæter
Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, N-1431 Ås, Norway. guro.brodal@nibio.no.|Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. guro.brodal@nibio.no.
Guro
G
Brodal
Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway. gunnar.eriksen@vetinst.no.|Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, N-0106 Oslo, Norway. gunnar.eriksen@vetinst.no.
Gunnar Sundstøl
GS
Eriksen
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009664:Norway; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol
DON; Fusarium graminearum; chronic exposure; deoxynivalenol; risk assessment