Effects of different swine manure to wheat straw ratios on antibiotic resistance genes and the microbial community structure during anaerobic digestion.
This study explored the effects of different mass ratios of swine manure relative to wheat straw (3:7, 5:5, and 7:3, i.e., control reactors C1, C2, and C3, respectively) on variations in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the microbial community during anaerobic digestion (AD). The cumulative biogas production volumes were 1711, 3857, and 3226mL in C1, C2, and C3, respectively. After AD, the total relative abundance of ARGs decreased by 4.23 logs in C3, whereas the reductions were only 1.03 and 1.37 logs in C1 and C2, respectively. Network analysis showed that the genera Solibacillus, Enterococcus, Facklamia, Corynebacterium_1, and Acinetobacter were potential hosts of ermB, sul1, and dfrA7. Redundancy analysis showed that the bacterial communities and environmental factors played important roles in the variation in ARGs. Thus, reductions in ARGs should be considered before reusing animal manure treated by AD.
College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Wen
W
Song
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China. Electronic address: xiaojuan7069@sina.com.
Xiaojuan
X
Wang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Jie
J
Gu
College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Sheqi
S
Zhang
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Yanan
Y
Yin
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Yang
Y
Li
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Xun
X
Qian
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Wei
W
Sun
D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D056804:Biofuels; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial / Q000235:genetics*; D018628:Gene Dosage; D053263:Gene Regulatory Networks; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013552:Swine; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry*; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*
D056804:Biofuels; D008372:Manure; D014866:Waste Products; D019426:Integrases
Antibiotic resistance gene; Bacterial community; Network analysis; Swine manure and wheat straw