Comparative study of the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of kaurenoic acid and its semi-synthetic derivatives methoxy kaurenoic acid and kaurenol in CHO-K1 cells.
The diterpene kaurenoic acid (KA) has vasorelaxant, antimicrobial, anti-tumoural and anti-leishmanial effects. Semi-synthetic derivatives were obtained to achieve more satisfactory responses. The assessment of genotoxicity is part of the toxicological evaluation of therapeutic compound candidates. The present study investigated the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of KA and its semi-synthetic derivatives methoxy kaurenoic acid (MKA) and kaurenol (KRN) using the CHO-K1 cell line. The cytotoxicity evaluation demonstrated that treatments with 200 and 400 μM KA reduced cellular proliferation to 36.5 and 4.43%, respectively, and that 100 and 200 μM KA reduced the survival fraction (SF) to 48.1 and 5.5%, respectively. MKA and KRN at concentrations of 400 μM reduced proliferation to 81 and 86.8%, respectively, while 100 and 200 μM KRN reduced the SF to 50%, and 200 μM MKA reduced the SF to 74%. No genotoxicity was observed for KA or MKA. However, 100 μM KRN increased the DNA damage index, as detected by comet assay, although a micronucleus assay did not confirm these data. The results demonstrated that KA and its semi-synthetic derivative MKA were not genotoxic when tested at noncytotoxic concentrations, but KRN was genotoxic at the highest concentration that was tested, as demonstrated by the comet assay.
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Bruno Limonti
BL
Cano
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Monique Rodrigues
MR
Moreira
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Mirian Oliveira
MO
Goulart
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Natália
N
Dos Santos Gonçalves
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Rodrigo Cassio Sola
RC
Veneziani
Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
Jairo Kenupp
JK
Bastos
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil.
Sérgio Ricardo
SR
Ambrósio
University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil. Electronic address: rasantosgen@yahoo.com.br.
Raquel Alves
RA
Dos Santos
D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D003412:Cricetulus; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
D004224:Diterpenes; D045786:Diterpenes, Kaurane; C000616095:methyl ent-kaur-16(17)-en-19-oate; C047875:kaur-16-en-15-ol; C051436:kaurenoic acid
CHO-K1; Cytotoxicity; Diterpenes; Genotoxicity; Kaurenoic acid