Flavonoid Metabolites in Human Urine during Blueberry Anthocyanin Intake.
The human health benefits of anthocyanins (Anc) and other flavonoids are widely recognized. However, the flavonoid-based urinary metabolites arising in vivo after Anc intake are not well described. Human (n = 17) urine was collected while blueberry juice (BJ) was consumed daily for 28 days and once after a 7 day washout. MS/MS scanning of 664 urine samples for 18 parent Anc (PAnc) and 42 predicted Anc metabolites (AncM) yielded 371 products (i.e., MS/MS × retention time (RT)). Flavonoid-based AncM, which were likely underestimated, were almost 20 times more abundant than PAnc. Together, PAnc and AncM accounted for about 1% of the daily Anc dose. Aglycone forms were >94% of the total. Cluster analysis of the 371 Anc identified about 55 major Anc that contributed about 80% to the total Anc. The abundance of flavonoid-based Anc-derived products in the gastrointestinal tract could contribute to the health benefits of Anc-rich berries.
Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada.
Wilhelmina
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-2337
W
Kalt
Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada.
Jane E
JE
McDonald
Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , No. 4899 Juye Street, Changchun 130112, China.
Yan
Y
Liu
Kentville Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , 32 Main Street, Kentville, Nova Scotia B4N 1J5, Canada.
Sherry A E
SA
Fillmore
D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D053719:Tandem Mass Spectrometry; D055815:Young Adult
D000872:Anthocyanins; D005419:Flavonoids
LC-MS; Vaccinium angustifolium; bioavailability; enterohepatic; metabolite; profile