Temporal Expression of Apelin/Apelin Receptor in Ischemic Stroke and its Therapeutic Potential.
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and ischemic stroke accounts for approximately 87% of cases. Improving post-stroke recovery is a major challenge in stroke treatment. Accumulated evidence indicates that the apelinergic system, consisting of apelin and apelin receptor (APLNR), is temporally dysregulated in ischemic stroke. Moreover, the apelinergic system plays a pivotal role in post-stroke recovery by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and facilitating angiogenesis through various molecular pathways. In this review article, we summarize the temporal expression of apelin and APLNR in ischemic stroke and the mechanisms of their dysregulation. In addition, the protective role of the apelinergic system in ischemic stroke and the underlying mechanisms of its protective effects are discussed. Furthermore, critical issues in activating the apelinergic system as a potential therapy will also be discussed. The aim of this review article is to shed light on exploiting the activation of the apelinergic system to treat ischemic stroke.
Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.
Yili
Y
Wu
Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.
Xin
X
Wang
Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.
Xuan
X
Zhou
Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University Jining, China.
Baohua
B
Cheng
Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Jining Medical UniversityJining, China.
Gongying
G
Li
Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University Jining, China.
Bo
B
Bai
apelin; apelin receptor (APLNR); ischemic stroke; neuroprotection; temporal expression