Geraniol alleviates diabetic cardiac complications: Effect on cardiac ischemia and oxidative stress.
The present study was planned to assess the possible protective effect of geraniol on cardiovascular complications in an animal model with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats by a single streptozotocin injection. In the treated group, geraniol (150mgkg-1day-1) was administered orally starting from the 15th day after induction of diabetes, and ending after 7 weeks; diabetic control rats were given vehicle for the same period. At the end of the study, cardiac contractility was assessed by using a Millar microtip catheter in anesthetised rats, and cardiac conductivity determined by a surface ECG. Serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and adiponectin as well as urine 8-isoprostane were determined. In addition, cardiac superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity were measured. Geraniol administration significantly alleviated the attenuated cardiac systolic function associated with diabetes as indicated by inhibiting the decrease in the rate of rise (dP/dtmax) in ventricular pressure and the increase in systolic duration observed in diabetic rats. In addition, geraniol alleviated impaired diastolic function as shown by inhibiting the decrease in the rate of fall (dP/dtmin) in ventricular pressure and increased isovolumic relaxation constant (Tau) observed in diabetic rats. ECG recordings showed that geraniol prevented any increase in QTc and T-peak-T-end intervals, and markers of LV ischemia and arrhythmogenesis, seen in diabetic animals. Geraniol suppressed the exaggerated oxidative stress as evidenced by preventing the increase in 8-isoprotane. In diabetic heart tissue, geraniol prevented the inhibition in catalase activity but did not affect the heart SOD. Geraniol partially reduced hyperglycemia, prevented the hypercholesterolemia, but did not affect the serum level of adiponectin in diabetic animals. Results obtained in this study suggest that geraniol provides a potent protective effect against cardiac dysfunction induced by diabetes. This ameliorative effect could be attributed to its suppression of oxidative stress.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Hany M
HM
El-Bassossy
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Hanna
H
Ghaleb
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt. Electronic address: berry_ahmed@yahoo.com.
Ahmed A
AA
Elberry
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.
Khadijah S
KS
Balamash
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Salah A
SA
Ghareib
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad
A
Azhar
Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Zainy
Z
Banjar
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000080462:Acyclic Monoterpenes; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D013729:Terpenes; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D002784:Cholesterol; D015237:Dinoprost; C007836:geraniol
Cardioprotective; Cardiovascular complications; Diabetes; Electrocardiogram; Geraniol; Heart; Hemodynamics