Everolimus Alleviates Obstructive Hydrocephalus due to Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytomas.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs) are low-grade tumors affecting up to 20% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Early neurosurgical resection has been the only standard treatment until few years ago when a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of TSC led to the use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Surgical resection of SEGAs is still considered as the first line treatment in individuals with symptomatic hydrocephalus and intratumoral hemorrhage. We describe four patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic hydrocephalus who were successfully treated with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus.



We collected the clinical data of four consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic or asymptomatic hydrocephalus due to a growth of subependymal giant cell atrocytomas and who could not undergo surgery for different reasons.



All patients experienced a clinically significant response to everolimus and an early shrinkage of the SEGA with improvement in ventricular dilatation. Everolimus was well tolerated by all individuals.



Our clinical series demonstrate a possible expanding indication for mTOR inhibition in TSC, which can be considered in patients with asymptomatic hydrocephalus or even when the symptoms already appeared. It offers a significant therapeutic alternative to individuals that once would have undergone immediate surgery. Everolimus might also allow postponement of a neurosurgical resection, making it elective with an overall lower risk.
Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Child Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: rominamoavero@hotmail.com.
Romina
R
Moavero
Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Andrea
A
Carai
Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Angela
A
Mastronuzzi
Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sara
S
Marciano
Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Federica
F
Graziola
Child Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Federico
F
Vigevano
Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Systems Medicine Department, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Paolo
P
Curatolo
D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000068338:Everolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D018315:Glioma, Subependymal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D047368:Tumor Burden; D055815:Young Adult
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000068338:Everolimus; C546842:MTOR protein, human; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
SEGA; everolimus; hydrocephalus; mTOR inhibitors; treatment; tuberous sclerosis complex