The budget impact of using enteric-coated aspirin 325 mg + immediate-release omeprazole 40 mg to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events.
OBJECTIVE
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid; ASA) is commonly used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) events, but may be associated with gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events, which can reduce adherence. Use of ASA co-therapy with proton pump inhibitors in patients at risk may be suboptimal. PA32540 (Yosprala™) is a coordinated-delivery tablet combining EC-ASA 325 mg and immediate-release omeprazole 40 mg. The objective of this flexible budget impact model was to project the financial consequences of introducing PA32540 325 mg/40 mg to prevent recurrent CV events, while reducing ASA-associated GI events in US adults.


METHODS
A Markov Model was employed to estimate health state transitions associated with ASA 75-325 mg, ASA 75-325 mg + generic delayed-release omeprazole 40 mg, PA32540, or clopidogrel 75 mg to prevent recurrent CV events. Health states included ulcers, GI bleeding, CV events, and death. Model inputs included demographics, treatment dosages, treatment costs, adverse GI and CV events, and premature death. Data from peer-reviewed literature and censuses enabled appropriate allocation of CV and GI disease prevalence and mortality. The PA32540 non-adherence rate was conservatively set at 20%. PA32540 market share was set to 50%.


RESULTS
The model projected annual savings of $81.0 million to $190.9 million within 1-5 years after PA32540 introduction to the plan, which included 134,558 members at risk for recurrent CV events. These values translate into savings of $602 (year 5) to $1,419 (year 1) per patient per year, and $81 (year 5) to $191 (year 1) per member per year. These values were robust to variations in parameters under a deterministic sensitivity analysis.


CONCLUSIONS
PA32540 use to prevent recurrent CV events was associated with cost reductions in each year examined with the model. From a health plan perspective, PA32540 is likely to have a net overall effect, resulting in significant cost savings.
a WG Consulting , New York , NY , USA.
Wenjie
W
Zhang
a WG Consulting , New York , NY , USA.
Yi
Y
Han
b Aralez Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc ., Princeton , NJ , USA.
John G
JG
Fort
b Aralez Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc ., Princeton , NJ , USA.
David
D
Schofield
b Aralez Pharmaceuticals R&D Inc ., Princeton , NJ , USA.
James P
JP
Tursi
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002017:Budgets; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D055118:Medication Adherence; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055502:Secondary Prevention / Q000191:economics; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
D004338:Drug Combinations; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D009853:Omeprazole; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin
Aspirin; cardiovascular events; gastrointestinal bleeding; proton pump inhibitors; secondary prevention; ulcer