Botulinum toxin in the management of head and neck disorders.
Botulinum toxin is a polypeptide protoxin synthesized by Clostridium botulinum that results in localized reduction of muscle activity by inhibiting acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction. In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration approved its application in the treatment of various medical conditions, such as facial wrinkles, strabismus, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, and hyperhidrosis. Later, its application extended to improving dental esthetics and gummy smile. It was found to be a safe and effective alternative to medical therapy to treat various head and neck disorders that have a neurologic component. In this review, we will highlight the mechanism of action and therapeutic benefits of botulinum toxin in the management of head and neck disorders.
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India. Electronic address: Ravleennagi@yahoo.in.
Ravleen
R
Nagi
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Swami Devi Dyal Dental College, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
Deepa Jatti
DJ
Patil
Burn and Trauma Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.
Shashikant
S
Sahu
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India.
Supreet
S
Jain
Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, New Horizon Dental College and Research Institute, Sakri, Bilaspur, India.
Giridhar S
GS
Naidu
D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D009333:Neck; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D001905:Botulinum Toxins