Recent updates on electronic cigarette aerosol and inhaled nicotine effects on periodontal and pulmonary tissues.
E-cigarette-derived inhaled nicotine may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal and pulmonary diseases in particular via lung inflammation, injurious, and dysregulated repair responses. Nicotine is shown to have antiproliferative properties and affects fibroblasts in vitro, which may interfere in tissue myofibroblast differentiation in e-cig users. This will affect the ability to heal wounds by decreasing wound contraction. In periodontics, direct exposure to e-vapor has been shown to produce harmful effects in periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts in culture. This is due to the generation of reactive oxygen species/aldehydes/carbonyls from e-cig aerosol, leading to protein carbonylation of extracellular matrix and DNA adducts/damage. A limited number of studies regarding the effects of e-cig in oral and lung health are available. However, no reports are available to directly link the deleterious effects on e-cigs, inhaled nicotine, and flavorings aerosol on periodontal and pulmonary health in particular to identify the risk of oral diseases by e-cigarettes and nicotine aerosols. This mini-review summarizes the recent perspectives on e-cigarettes including inhaled nicotine effects on several pathophysiological events, such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, innate host response, inflammation, cellular senescence, profibrogenic and dysregulated repair, leading to lung remodeling, oral submucous fibrosis, and periodontal diseases.
Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Javed
Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Kellesarian
Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Sundar
Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.|Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Dental School, Frankfurt, Germany.
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Romanos
Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2274-2454
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Rahman
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056151:Airway Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects*
D000336:Aerosols; D009538:Nicotine
e-cigarettes; fibrosis; inflammation, lung; oxidative stress; periodontium