Operator Radiation and the Efficacy of Ceiling-Suspended Lead Screen Shielding during Coronary Angiography: An Anthropomorphic Phantom Study Using Real-Time Dosimeters.
Operator radiation and the radiation protection efficacy of a ceiling-suspended lead screen were assessed during coronary angiography (CA) in a catheterization laboratory. An anthropomorphic phantom was placed under the X-ray beam to simulate patient attenuation in eight CA projections. Using real-time dosimeters, radiation dose rates were measured on models mimicking a primary operator (PO) and an assistant. Subsequently, a ceiling-suspended lead screen was placed in three commonly used positions to compare the radiation protection efficacy. The radiation exposure to the PO was 2.3 to 227.9 (mean: 67.2 ± 49.0) μSv/min, with the left anterior oblique (LAO) 45°/cranial 25° and cranial 25° projections causing the highest and the lowest dose rates, respectively. The assistant experienced significantly less radiation overall (mean: 20.1 ± 19.6 μSv/min, P < 0.003), with the right anterior oblique (RAO) 30° and cranial 25° projections resulting in the highest and lowest exposure levels, respectively. Combined with table-side shielding, the ceiling-suspended lead screen reduced the radiation to the PO by 76.8%, 81.9% and 93.5% when placed close to the patient phantom, at the left side and close to the PO, respectively, and reduced the radiation to the assistant by 70.3%, 76.7% and 90.0%, respectively. When placed close to the PO, a ceiling-suspended lead screen provides substantial radiation protection during CA.
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Qianjun
Q
Jia
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Ziman
Z
Chen
Image Guided Therapy Systems, Philips Healthcare Australia, 747 Lytton Rd, Murarrie QLD 4172, Australia.
Xianxian
X
Jiang
Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Zhenjun
Z
Zhao
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Meiping
M
Huang
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Jiahua
J
Li
Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Jian
J
Zhuang
Epidemiology Division, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Xiaoqing
X
Liu
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Tianyu
T
Hu
Department of Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Guangdong Cardiovascular institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou 510100, China.
Wensheng
W
Liang