Outcomes of Physician-Staffed Versus Non-Physician-Staffed Helicopter Transport for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
The effect of physician-staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) on ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient transfer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of physician-staffed HEMS (Physician-HEMS) versus non-physician-staffed (Standard-HEMS) in patients with STEMI.



We studied 398 STEMI patients transferred by either Physician-HEMS (n=327) or Standard-HEMS (n=71) for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention at 2 hospitals between 2006 and 2014. Data were collected from electronic medical records and each institution's contribution to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median electrocardiogram-to-balloon time was longer for the Standard-HEMS group than for the Physician-HEMS group (118 vs 107 minutes; P=0.002). The Standard-HEMS group was more likely than the Physician-HEMS group to receive nitroglycerin (37% vs 15%; P<0.001) and opioid analgesics (42.3% vs 21.7%; P<0.001) during transport. In-hospital adverse outcomes, including cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, and serious arrhythmias, were more common in the Standard-HEMS group (25.4% vs 11.3%; P=0.002). After adjusting for age, sex, Killip class, and transport time, patients transferred by Standard-HEMS had increased risk of any serious in-hospital adverse event (odds ratio=2.91; 95% CI=1.39-6.06; P=0.004). In-hospital mortality was not statistically different between the 2 groups (9.9% in the Standard-HEMS group vs 4.9% in the Physician-HEMS group; P=0.104).



Patients with STEMI transported by Standard-HEMS had longer transport times, higher rates of nitroglycerin and opioid administration, and higher rates of adjusted in-hospital events. Efforts to better understand optimal transport strategies in STEMI patients are needed.
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Sverrir I
SI
Gunnarsson
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Joseph
J
Mitchell
Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare, La Crosse, WI.
Mary S
MS
Busch
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Brenda
B
Larson
Mayo Clinic Health System-Franciscan Healthcare, La Crosse, WI.|Division of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
S Michael
SM
Gharacholou
Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Zhanhai
Z
Li
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI anr@medicine.wisc.edu.
Amish N
AN
Raval
D000401:Aircraft; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000072657:ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce
ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction; acute myocardial infarction; outcome; percutaneous coronary intervention; treatment