Extraction and characterization of gelatin from the feet of Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica) as affected by acid, alkaline, and enzyme pretreatment.
The effects of different pretreatments on yield and composition of extraction, physicochemical, and rheological properties of duck feet gelatin (DFG) were investigated. Gelatins were extracted from the whole feet of Pekin duck with an average yield of 4.09%, 3.65%, and 5.75% for acidic (Ac-DFG), alkaline (Al-DFG), and enzymatic (En-DFG) pretreatment on a wet weight basis, respectively. Proteins at 81.38%, 79.41%, 82.55%, and 87.38% were the major composition for Ac-DFG, Al-DFG, En-DFG, and bovine, respectively. Amino acid analysis showed glycine as the predominant amino acid in Ac-DFG, followed by hydroxyproline, proline, and alanine for Ac-DFG, Al-DFG, and En-DFG, respectively. Rheological analysis indicated that the maximum elastic modulus (9972.25Pa) and loss modulus (4956.28Pa) for Ac-DFG gelatin were significantly higher than those of other gelatins. Extracted gelatins contained α1and α2chains as the predominant components, and enzymatic gelatin had low molecular weight peptides. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the peak of the gelatins was mainly positioned in the amide band region (amides I, II, and III). A considerable loss of molecular-order triple helical structure was also observed after pepsin treatment. In summary, duck feet gelatin has potential to replace as mammalian gelatin in food and pharmaceutical industry.
Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
Ahmadreza
A
Abedinia
Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia. Electronic address: fazilah@usm.my.
Fazilah
F
Ariffin
School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin UNISZA, 22200 Besut Campus, Terengganu, DarulIman, Malaysia.
Nurul
N
Huda
Food Biopolymer Research Group, Food Science and Technology Department, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
Abdorreza Mohammadi
AM
Nafchi
D000143:Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000468:Alkalies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004372:Ducks; D004798:Enzymes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005528:Foot; D005780:Gelatin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
D000143:Acids; D000468:Alkalies; D004798:Enzymes; D010455:Peptides; D005780:Gelatin
Duck feet gelatin; Mammalian gelatin alternative; Pretreatment