A real-time phoneme counting algorithm and application for speech rate monitoring.
Adults who stutter can learn to control and improve their speech fluency by modifying their speaking rate. Existing speech therapy technologies can assist this practice by monitoring speaking rate and providing feedback to the patient, but cannot provide an accurate, quantitative measurement of speaking rate. Moreover, most technologies are too complex and costly to be used for home practice. We developed an algorithm and a smartphone application that monitor a patient's speaking rate in real time and provide user-friendly feedback to both patient and therapist. Our speaking rate computation is performed by a phoneme counting algorithm which implements spectral transition measure extraction to estimate phoneme boundaries. The algorithm is implemented in real time in a mobile application that presents its results in a user-friendly interface. The application incorporates two modes: one provides the patient with visual feedback of his/her speech rate for self-practice and another provides the speech therapist with recordings, speech rate analysis and tools to manage the patient's practice. The algorithm's phoneme counting accuracy was validated on ten healthy subjects who read a paragraph at slow, normal and fast paces, and was compared to manual counting of speech experts. Test-retest and intra-counter reliability were assessed. Preliminary results indicate differences of -4% to 11% between automatic and human phoneme counting. Differences were largest for slow speech. The application can thus provide reliable, user-friendly, real-time feedback for speaking rate control practice.
Medical Engineering Department, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Israel; School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: vered@afeka.ac.il.
Vered
V
Aharonson
Software Engineering Department, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Israel. Electronic address: vered.aharonson@wits.ac.za.
Eran
E
Aharonson
Medical Engineering Department, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Israel. Electronic address: ekatirinar@mail.afeka.ac.il.
Katia
K
Raichlin-Levi
Software Engineering Department, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Israel. Electronic address: avivs4@afeka.ac.il.
Aviv
A
Sotzianu
Communication Disorders Department, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Electronic address: oferamir@post.tau.ac.il.
Ofer
O
Amir
Medical Engineering Department, Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Israel. Electronic address: zehava@afeka.ac.il.
Zehava
Z
Ovadia-Blechman
D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013070:Speech Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D013342:Stuttering / Q000628:therapy*
Smartphone application; Speaking rate computation; Spectral transition measure; Stuttering therapy