Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study.
Cognitive decline and carotid artery atheroma are common at older ages. In community-dwelling subjects, we assessed cognition at ages 70, 73 and 76 and carotid Doppler ultrasound at age 73, to determine whether carotid stenosis was related to cognitive decline. We used latent growth curve models to examine associations between four carotid measures (internal carotid artery stenosis, velocity, pulsatility and resistivity indices) and four cognitive ability domains (memory, visuospatial function, crystallised intelligence, processing speed) adjusted for cognitive ability at age 11, current age, gender and vascular risk factors. Amongst 866 participants, carotid stenosis (median 12.96%) was not associated with cognitive abilities at age 70 or cognitive decline from age 70 to 76. Increased ICA pulsatility and resistivity indices were associated with slower processing speed (both P < 0.001) and worse visuospatial function ( P = 0.036, 0.031, respectively) at age 70, and declining crystallised intelligence from ages 70 to 76 ( P = 0.008, 0.006, respectively). The findings suggest that vascular stiffening, rather than carotid luminal narrowing, adversely influences cognitive ageing and provides a potential target for ameliorating age-related cognitive decline.
1 Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.|3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Joanna M
JM
Wardlaw
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Michael
M
Allerhand
2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Elizabeth
E
Eadie
2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Avril
A
Thomas
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Janey
J
Corley
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Alison
A
Pattie
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Adele
A
Taylor
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|4 Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK.
Susan D
SD
Shenkin
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Simon
S
Cox
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.|5 Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK.
Alan
A
Gow
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
John M
JM
Starr
3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Ian J
IJ
Deary
D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000201:enzymology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000066492:Cognitive Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008959:Models, Neurological; D058226:Plaque, Atherosclerotic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
Carotid stenosis; ageing; cognition; vascular risk factors; white matter hyperintensities