"Bed Side" Human Milk Analysis in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review.
Human milk analyzers can measure macronutrient content in native breast milk to tailor adequate supplementation with fortifiers. This article reviews all studies using milk analyzers, including (i) evaluation of devices, (ii) the impact of different conditions on the macronutrient analysis of human milk, and (iii) clinical trials to improve growth. Results lack consistency, potentially due to systematic errors in the validation of the device, or pre-analytical sample preparation errors like homogenization. It is crucial to introduce good laboratory and clinical practice when using these devices; otherwise a non-validated clinical usage can severely affect growth outcomes of infants.
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Gerhard
G
Fusch
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Celia
C
Kwan
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada.
Gynter
G
Kotrri
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, General Hospital of Nuremberg, Breslauer Straße 201, Nuremberg 90471, Germany. Electronic address: fusch@mcmaster.ca.
Christoph
C
Fusch
D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D007785:Lactose / Q000032:analysis*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D000067716:Point-of-Care Testing; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
D005223:Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007785:Lactose
Fortification; Growth; Infrared spectroscopy; Macronutrient; Method validation; Nutrition; Preterm