Bioglass implant-coating interactions in synthetic physiological fluids with varying degrees of biomimicry.
Synthetic physiological fluids are currently used as a first in vitro bioactivity assessment for bone grafts. Our understanding about the interactions taking place at the fluid-implant interface has evolved remarkably during the last decade, and does not comply with the traditional International Organization for Standardization/final draft International Standard 23317 protocol in purely inorganic simulated body fluid. The advances in our knowledge point to the need of a true paradigm shift toward testing physiological fluids with enhanced biomimicry and a better understanding of the materials' structure-dissolution behavior. This will contribute to "upgrade" our vision of entire cascades of events taking place at the implant surfaces upon immersion in the testing media or after implantation. Starting from an osteoinductive bioglass composition with the ability to alleviate the oxidative stress, thin bioglass films with different degrees of polymerization were deposited onto titanium substrates. Their biomineralization activity in simulated body fluid and in a series of new inorganic-organic media with increasing biomimicry that more closely simulated the human intercellular environment was compared. A comprehensive range of advanced characterization tools (scanning electron microscopy; grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction; Fourier-transform infrared, micro-Raman, energy-dispersive, X-ray photoelectron, and surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopies; and cytocompatibility assays using mesenchymal stem cells) were used. The information gathered is very useful to biologists, biophysicists, clinicians, and material scientists with special interest in teaching and research. By combining all the analyses, we propose herein a step forward toward establishing an improved unified protocol for testing the bioactivity of implant materials.
National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele; Army Centre for Medical Research, Bucharest, Romania.
A C
AC
Popa
National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele.
G E
GE
Stan
National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele.
M A
MA
Husanu
National Institute of Materials Physics, Măgurele.
I
I
Mercioniu
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico (CQE-IST), University of Lisbon, Lisbon.
L F
LF
Santos
Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
H R
HR
Fernandes
Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Jmf
J
Ferreira
D032701:Biomimetics / Q000379:methods*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011208:Powders; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
C022107:Bioglass; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011208:Powders; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate; D017886:Durapatite; D002119:Calcium Carbonate
bioglass; biomaterials; in vitro biomimetic assays; proteins