Association of oral microbiome with type 2 diabetes risk.
OBJECTIVE
The oral microbiome may help to maintain systemic health, including how it affects blood glucose levels; however, direct evidence linking the oral microbiome with diabetes is lacking.


METHODS
We compared the oral microbiome profiles of 98 participants with incident diabetes, 99 obese non-diabetics and 97 normal weight non-diabetics, via deep sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.


RESULTS
We found that the phylum Actinobacteria was present significantly less abundant among patients with diabetes than among the controls (p = 3.9 × 10-3); the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.27 (0.11-0.66) for those individuals who had relative abundance higher than the median value. Within this phylum, five families and seven genera were observed, and most of them were less abundant among patients with diabetes. Notably, genera Actinomyces and Atopobium were associated with 66% and 72% decreased risk of diabetes with p-values of 8.9 × 10-3and 7.4 × 10-3, respectively. Stratified analyses by race showed that most taxa in this phylum were associated with diabetes in both black and white participants. This phylum was also less abundant among non-diabetic obese subjects compared to normal weight individuals, particularly genera Mobiluncus, Corynebacterium and Bifidobacterium, which showed p < 0.05.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study revealed that multiple bacteria taxa in the phylum Actinobacteria are associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes. Some are also associated with the prevalence of obesity, suggesting that the oral microbiome may play an important role in diabetes etiology.
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
J
J
Long
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Q
Q
Cai
International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
M
M
Steinwandel
Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
M K
MK
Hargreaves
Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.|Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
S R
SR
Bordenstein
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.|International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
W J
WJ
Blot
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
W
W
Zheng
Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
X O
XO
Shu
D039903:Actinobacteria / Q000235:genetics; D000190:Actinomyces / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003352:Corynebacterium / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D064307:Microbiota; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000382:microbiology; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors
D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
diabetes; next-generation sequencing; oral microbiome