Sampling for silver nanoparticles in aqueous media using a rotating disk electrode: evidence for selective sampling of silver nanoparticles in the presence of ionic silver.
Amendment of a carbon paste electrode consisting of graphite and Nujol®, with a variety of organic and inorganic materials, allows direct adsorption of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from aqueous solution in either open or close circuit modes. The adsorbed AgNPs are detected by stripping voltammetry. Detection limits of less than 1 ppb Ag are achievable with a rotating disk system. More than one silver peak was apparent in many of the stripping voltammograms. The appearance of multiple peaks could be due to different species of silver formed upon stripping or variation in the state of aggregation or size of nanoparticles. With most of these packing materials, dissolved Ag+was also extracted from aqueous solution, but, with a packing material made with Fe(II,III) oxide nanoparticles, only AgNPs were extracted. Therefore, it is the best candidate for determination of metallic AgNPs in aqueous environmental samples without interference from Ag+.
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA. spencer.steinberg@unlv.edu.
Spencer
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-7416
S
Steinberg
Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, 89154-4003, USA.
Vernon
V
Hodge
National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV, 89119,, USA.
Brian
B
Schumacher
National Exposure Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV, 89119,, USA.
Wayne
W
Sovocool
D000327:Adsorption; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006108:Graphite; D007477:Ions; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000032:analysis*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012834:Silver / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D013696:Temperature; D014867:Water
D007477:Ions; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014867:Water; D012834:Silver; D002244:Carbon; D006108:Graphite
Anodic stripping; Carbon paste electrode; Rotating disk; Silver nanoparticles; Voltammetry