Acute Respiratory Infection and Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Case-Crossover Study.
Previous studies have suggested that acute respiratory infection (ARI) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use could trigger acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In some countries, physicians prescribe NSAIDs for patients with ARI for symptom relief. However, there is no research evaluating whether NSAIDs use during ARI episodes may increase the risk of AMI.



We identified 9793 patients with an incident hospitalization of AMI (index date) between 2007 and 2011. Using case-crossover design, we compared the following exposure status between the case (1-7-day before index date) and matched control period (366-372-day before index date): NSAIDs use during ARI episodes, ARI episodes without NSAIDs use, NSAIDs use only, or no exposure. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for potential confounders.



Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use during ARI was associated with a 3.4-fold increased risk of AMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.80-4.16), ARI without NSAIDs use was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk (aOR = 2.65; 95% CI = 2.29-3.06), and NSAIDs use only was associated with a 1.5-fold increased risk (aOR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.33-1.62). Moreover, parenteral NSAIDs were associated with much higher risk in ARI patients (aOR = 7.22; 95% CI = 4.07-12.81).



Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use during ARI episodes, especially parenteral NSAIDs, was associated with a further increased risk of AMI.
Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yao-Chun
YC
Wen
Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Fei-Yuan
FY
Hsiao
Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
K Arnold
KA
Chan
Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Zhen-Fang
ZF
Lin
Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Li-Jiuan
LJ
Shen
Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Cheng-Chung
CC
Fang
D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015897:Comorbidity; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
acute myocardial infarction (AMI); acute respiratory infection (ARI); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); case-crossover study