Biodegradation of 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid by novel identified co-metabolizing degrader Achromobacter sp. f1.
Several bacteria have been isolated to degrade 4-chloronitrobenzene. Degradation of 4-chloronitrobenzene by Cupriavidus sp. D4 produces 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid as a dead-end by-product, a potential pollutant. To date, no bacterium that degrades 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid has been reported. Strain f1, isolated from a soil polluted by 4-chloronitrobenzene, was able to co-metabolize 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid in the presence of ethanol or other appropriate carbon sources. The strain was identified as Achromobacter sp. based on its physiological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The organism completely degraded 50, 100 and 200 mg L-1of 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid within 48, 60, and 72 h, respectively. During the degradation of 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid, Cl-was released. The initial metabolic product of 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid was identified as 6-hydroxy-5-chloro-2-picolinic acid by LC-MS and NMR. Using a mixed culture of Achromobacter sp. f1 and Cupriavidus sp. D4 for degradation of 4-chloronitrobenzen, 5-chloro-2-picolinic acid did not accumulate. Results infer that Achromobacter sp. f1 can be used for complete biodegradation of 4-chloronitrobenzene in remedial applications.
College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
Zhi-Guo
ZG
Wu
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. wangfang@issas.ac.cn.
Fang
F
Wang
College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
Li-Qun
LQ
Ning
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
Robert D
RD
Stedtfeld
College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
Zong-Zheng
ZZ
Yang
College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
Jing-Guo
JG
Cao
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
Hong-Jie
HJ
Sheng
Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China. jiangxin@issas.ac.cn.
Xin
X
Jiang
D042402:Achromobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D049921:Cupriavidus / Q000378:metabolism; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D055442:Metabolome; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000378:metabolism; D010848:Picolinic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D066244:Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
C000624216:5-chloro-2-picolinic acid; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D010848:Picolinic Acids; C010407:4-chloronitrobenzene; C030614:picolinic acid
4-Chloronitrobenzene (4-CNB); 5-Chloro-2-picolinic acid (5-CPA); Achromobacter; Cometabolically biodegradation