Nitric oxide coating polypropylene mesh increases angiogenesis and reduces inflammatory response and apoptosis.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of implanted S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) coating polypropylene mesh in foreign-body response of rats.


METHODS
Thirty female rats underwent to subcutaneous implant of five polypropylene (PP) fragments: uncoated PP (control); PP polyvinylalcohol (PVA) coated and PP PVA + GSNO (1, 10 and 70 mMol) coated. After euthanasia (4 and 30 days), eight slides were prepared from each animal: hematoxylin-eosin (inflammatory response); unstained (birefringence collagen evaluation); TUNEL technique (apoptosis); and five for immunohistochemical processing: CD-31 (angiogenesis), IL-1 and TNF-α (proinflammatory cytokynes), iNOS (NO synthesis) and MMP-2 (collagen metabolism). The inflammation area, birefringence index, apoptotic index, immunoreactivity and vessel density were objectively measured.


RESULTS
Inflammatory reaction area at 4 days was 11.3, 15.2, 25.1, 17.1 and 19.3% of pure PP, PVA, GSNO 1, 10 and 70 mM, respectively, p = 0.0006 (PP × Others). At 30 days lower inflammatory area was observed in GSNO 10 and 70 mM compared to pure PP (5.3, 5.2 and 11.1%, respectively, p = 0.0001). Vessel density was higher for GSNO 1 mM (25.5%) compared to pure PP (19.6%) at 30 days only, p = 0.0081. Apoptotic index at 4 days was lower for GSNO 1 mM (49.3%) than pure PVA (60.6%), p = 0.0124. GSNO 10 and 70 mM reduced their apoptotic index at 30 days compared to 4 days (49.9 vs. 36.9 and 59.1 vs. 47.5%, respectively, p = 0.0397). Birefringence index, IL-1, TNF, MMP-2 and iNOS were not different.


CONCLUSIONS
Depending on concentrations, GSNO can increase angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and apoptosis compared to pure PP, without impact on cytokine, collagen organization/metabolism and endogenous NO synthesis.
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. alessandro.prudente@unir.br.|, 4405, Engenheiro Anysio da Rocha Compasso st, Porto Velho, Rondônia, 76821-331, Brazil. alessandro.prudente@unir.br.
Alessandro
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7920-7853
A
Prudente
Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Wágner José
WJ
Favaro
Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (PUC-Campinas), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Leonardo Oliveira
LO
Reis
School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cássio Luis Zanettini
CL
Riccetto
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000032:analysis; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D011126:Polypropylenes; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013526:Surgical Mesh / Q000009:adverse effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
D007375:Interleukin-1; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011126:Polypropylenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026422:S-Nitrosoglutathione; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
Host versus graft reaction; Nitric oxide; Pelvic organ prolapse; Polypropylenes; Surgical mesh