Proximate mechanism of behavioral manipulation of an orb-weaver spider host by a parasitoid wasp.
Some ichneumonid wasps induce modifications in the web building behavior of their spider hosts to produce resistant "cocoon" webs. These structures hold and protect the wasp's cocoon during pupa development. The mechanism responsible for host manipulation probably involves the inoculation of psychotropic chemicals by the parasitoid larva during a specific developmental period. Recent studies indicate that some spiders build cocoon webs similar to those normally built immediately before ecdysis, suggesting that this substance might be a molting hormone or a precursor chemical of this hormone. Here, we report that Cyclosa spider species exhibiting modified behavior presented higher 20-OH-ecdysone levels than parasitized spiders acting normally or unparasitized individuals. We suggest that the lack of control that spiders have when constructing modified webs can be triggered by anachronic activation of ecdysis.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.|Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Thiago Gechel
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0958-1748
TG
Kloss
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Marcelo Oliveira
MO
Gonzaga
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Leandro Licursi
LL
de Oliveira
Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Carlos Frankl
CF
Sperber
D000818:Animals; D032763:Behavior Control; D011235:Predatory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013112:Spiders / Q000502:physiology*; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*