Adsorptive removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solution using calcined kaolinite-biomass composites.
Synergistically combined low-cost composites may be effective for the potential treatment of effluents containing organic pollutants. Hence, preparation of Carica-papaya-modified-kaolinite (CPK) and pine-cone-modified-kaolinite (PCK) composites via calcination of pure kaolinite (KAC), Carica-papaya and pine-cone seeds is demonstrated. The composites' specific surface areas were reduced by more than 57% but no structural modification in KAC lattice d-spacing, indicating impregnation of calcined biomass on clay surfaces and pores. However, composites' cation exchange capacities were enhanced over 4-fold, indicating higher potential for adsorption. Adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on composites and KAC showed that CPK and PCK attained equilibrium relatively faster (30 min) compared to KAC (60 min). Modeling studies showed that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol removal mechanisms involved electrostatic interactions on sites of similar energy. Modification enhanced adsorption by 52 and 250% in PCK and CPK, respectively, and adsorption increased with temperature.
Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Bamidele I
BI
Olu-Owolabi
Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Alimoh H
AH
Alabi
Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria. Electronic address: pauldn2@yahoo.com.
Paul N
PN
Diagboya
Department of Chemical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Emmanuel I
EI
Unuabonah
Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Rolf-Alexander
RA
Düring
D000327:Adsorption; D018533:Biomass; D029441:Carica; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D007616:Kaolin / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D028223:Pinus; D012639:Seeds; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
D002733:Chlorophenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D007616:Kaolin; C024564:2,4,6-trichlorophenol
Adsorption; Carica papaya seed; Clay; Pine cone; Synergistic low-cost adsorbents