Shifts in the ecological niche of Lutzomyia peruensis under climate change scenarios in Peru.
The Peruvian Andes presents a climate suitable for many species of sandfly that are known vectors of leishmaniasis or bartonellosis, including Lutzomyia peruensis (Diptera: Psychodidae), among others. In the present study, occurrences data for Lu. peruensis were compiled from several items in the scientific literature from Peru published between 1927 and 2015. Based on these data, ecological niche models were constructed to predict spatial distributions using three algorithms [Support vector machine (SVM), the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction (GARP) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt)]. In addition, the environmental requirements of Lu. peruensis and three niche characteristics were modelled in the context of future climate change scenarios: (a) potential changes in niche breadth; (b) shifts in the direction and magnitude of niche centroids, and (c) shifts in elevation range. The model identified areas that included environments suitable for Lu. peruensis in most regions of Peru (45.77%) and an average altitude of 3289 m a.s.l. Under climate change scenarios, a decrease in the distribution areas of Lu. peruensis was observed for all representative concentration pathways. However, the centroid of the species' ecological niche showed a northwest direction in all climate change scenarios. The information generated in this study may help health authorities responsible for the supervision of strategies to control leishmaniasis to coordinate, plan and implement appropriate strategies for each area of risk, taking into account the geographic distribution and potential dispersal of Lu. peruensis.
Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
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Moo-Llanes
Departamento de Zoología de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México.
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Arque-Chunga
Departamento de Vectores, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Chiapas, México.
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Carmona-Castro
Laboratorio de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Yañez-Arenas
Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Ambiental, Dirección Regional de Salud Cusco, Wánchaq Cusco, Peru.
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Yañez-Trujillano
Laboratorio de Referencia Regional, Dirección Regional de Salud Cusco, Wánchaq Cusco, Peru.
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Cheverría-Pacheco
Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico.
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Baak-Baak
Section of Entomology, Academic Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Instituto de Medicina Tropical 'Daniel A. Carrión', Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.|Laboratorio de Entomología, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru.
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Cáceres
D063147:Animal Distribution; D000818:Animals; D057231:Climate Change; D017753:Ecosystem; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000502:physiology*; D007891:Leishmania / Q000502:physiology; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010568:Peru; D011576:Psychodidae / Q000502:physiology*
Lutzomyia peruensis; Peru; bartonellosis; climate change; ecological niche; leishmaniasis