Cold Denaturation of the HIV-1 Protease Monomer.
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) protease is a complex protein that in its active form adopts a homodimer dominated by β-sheet structures. We have discovered a cold-denatured state of the monomeric subunit of HIV-1 protease that is populated above 0 °C and therefore directly accessible to various spectroscopic approaches. Using nuclear magnetic resonance secondary chemical shifts, temperature coefficients, and protein dynamics, we suggest that the cold-denatured state populates a compact wet globule containing transient non-native-like α-helical elements. From the linearity of the temperature coefficients and the hydrodynamic radii, we propose that the overall architecture of the cold-denatured state is maintained over the temperature range studied.
Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNlab), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.|Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Heike I
0000-0002-6201-3195
HI
Rösner
Department of Physics, University of Milano and INFN , via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Martina
M
Caldarini
Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNlab), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Andreas
A
Prestel
Department of Biosciences, University of Milano , via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Maria A
MA
Vanoni
Department of Physics, University of Milano and INFN , via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.|Niels Bohr Institute , Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Ricardo A
RA
Broglia
Department of Biosciences, University of Milano , via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Alessandro
A
Aliverti
Department of Physics, University of Milano and INFN , via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
Guido
G
Tiana
Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory (SBiNlab), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloees Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Birthe B
0000-0002-7454-1761
BB
Kragelund
D003080:Cold Temperature; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072756:Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D055503:Protein Multimerization
D016333:HIV Protease; C514803:p16 protease, Human immunodeficiency virus 1