Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus in Males, United States, 2013-2014.
BACKGROUND
We report the first nationally representative prevalence data on genital human papillomavirus (HPV) in males in the United States, using findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 2013-2014.


METHODS
Using penile swabs from males aged 14-59 years, we estimated the HPV DNA prevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) with respect to sexual behaviors and demographic characteristics.


RESULTS
The prevalence of any HPV was 42.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 38.3%-46.1%) and of high-risk (HR) HPV was 23.4% (95% CI, 21.3%-25.6%). Prevalence of any HPV was 12.5% in 14-19 year olds and was higher in older age groups, through ages 25-29 years, and then similar through age 59 years. After adjustment for age and race, any HPV prevalence was associated with lifetime number of sex partners (≥15 vs 1-2; PR, 3.27; 95% CI, 2.12-5.02) and past-year number of sex partners (≥2 vs 0; PR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.09-1.46). Comparisons of consecutively older age groups revealed that the prevalence of quadrivalent HPV vaccine types (4vHPV), types 6, 11, 16, and 18, was significantly higher only between ages 25-29 and 20-24 years (PR, 2.79; 95% CI, 1.31-5.96), whereas the prevalence of other HPV types was significantly higher only between ages 20-24 and 14-19 years (PR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.49-4.61).


CONCLUSIONS
Overall, 42.2% of US males aged 14-59 years have detectable genital HPV infections. Differences in the age-specific prevalence of 4vHPV types and non-4vHPV types suggest that the vaccination program has had an impact on the prevalence of HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 among males.
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
Julia W
JW
Gargano
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, and.
Elizabeth R
ER
Unger
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
Gui
G
Liu
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, and.
Martin
M
Steinau
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
Elissa
E
Meites
National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Eileen
E
Dunne
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
Lauri E
LE
Markowitz
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
D004279:DNA, Viral; D053918:Papillomavirus Vaccines
Human papillomavirus; epidemiology.; herd immunity; sexually transmitted infections; vaccine impact