Association of Estrogen-Related Traits with Allergic Rhinitis.
Estrogen's role in allergic diseases has recently been of considerable interest. The present article seeks to determine the relationship between estrogen-dependent traits and allergic rhinitis. The following traits were considered: digit ratio, age at menarche, regularity of menstrual cycles, and the waist to hip ratio. The study consisted of surveys and measurement data collected from 768 female university undergraduates. One hundred and sixty eight undergraduates (21.9%) had been diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. The results of logistic regression show that in women with a high digit ratio, indicating exposure to a higher estrogen level in the prenatal period, the risk of allergic rhinitis was almost twice as high as that in those with an average value of the ratio. The difference in the digit ratio was greater for the right than left hand. A significantly higher risk of allergic rhinitis was also observed in women who experienced first menstruation at a younger age. No differences in risk of allergic rhinitis were noted due to general obesity, abdominal obesity, or irregularity of menstrual cycles. We conclude that a higher digit ratio is suggestive of a propensity to allergies in adulthood plausibly having to do with greater exposure to estrogen at early stages of ontogenetic development.
Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Cracow, Poland. katakaklis@gmail.com.
Katarzyna
K
Kliś
Department of Anthropology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, 9 Gronostajowa Street, 30-387, Cracow, Poland.
Iwona
I
Wronka
D000328:Adult; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D065631:Rhinitis, Allergic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014495:Universities; D055815:Young Adult
D004967:Estrogens
Digit ratio; Estrogen; Menarche; Obesity; Prenatal period; Respiratory allergy; Rhinitis