Turning lemonade into lemons: Dampening appraisals reduce positive affect and increase negative affect during positive activity scheduling.
The way individuals appraise positive emotions may modulate affective experience during positive activity scheduling. Individuals may either engage in dampening appraisals (e.g., think "this is too good to last") or amplifying appraisals (e.g., think "I deserve this"). A cross-over randomized design was used to examine the consequences of these appraisal styles. Participants (N = 43) rated positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) during four daily walks in pleasant locations, whilst following dampening, emotion-focus amplifying (focusing on how good one feels), self-focus amplifying (focusing on positive self qualities), or control instructions. There was no difference between the two amplifying and control conditions, which all increased PA and reduced NA during the walks. However, the dampening condition significantly differed from all other conditions, reducing PA and increasing NA during the walk. Individual differences in anhedonia symptoms did not significantly moderate the pattern of findings. This evidence supports the view that dampening appraisals may be one mechanism driving anhedonia and may account for why positive activity scheduling can sometimes backfire when utilized in the clinic.
Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
Leigh-Anne
LA
Burr
Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
Mahmood
M
Javiad
Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.
Grace
G
Jell
Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Aliza
A
Werner-Seidler
Mood Disorders Centre, University of Exeter, United Kingdom. Electronic address: b.d.dunn@exeter.ac.uk.
Barnaby D
BD
Dunn
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D059445:Anhedonia; D059026:Diagnostic Self Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055815:Young Adult
Activity scheduling; Anhedonia; Appraisal style; Depression; Emotion regulation; Positive affect