Identification and determination of disinfection byproducts in chlorine-containing household cleansing products.
Seven halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) and two haloacetic acids were detected and quantified in 15 household products, including sodium hypochlorite, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Chloroform was detected in a range of 0.2-30.2 mg kg-1in all products, and carbon tetrachloride was observed in 13 samples in a range of 0.05-352 mg kg-1. Dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were also detected up to 94 and 146 mg kg-1in household products. The estimated human exposures of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid were calculated to 0.041, 0.240, 0.913 and 2.39 mg/kg/day by the exposure algorithm from the Japan National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, respectively. According to the calculated result, the total estimated human exposure of chloroform were determined to exceed the tolerable concentration of inhalation exposure presented by the World Health Organization. The DBPs should be controlled to the lowest concentrations in the chlorine-containing household cleansing products.
Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea.
Ho-Sang
HS
Shin
Department of Environmental Science, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: limhh@kongju.ac.kr.
Hyun-Hee
HH
Lim
D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006795:Household Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry
D004202:Disinfectants; D055549:Volatile Organic Compounds; D002713:Chlorine
Estimated human exposure; Haloacetic acid; Halogenated volatile organic compounds; Household cleansing product; Sodium hypochlorite