Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Tissue Tropism.
Although Zika virus (ZIKV) was isolated approximately 70 years ago, few experimental studies had been published prior to 2016. The recent spread of ZIKV to countries in the Western Hemisphere is associated with reports of microcephaly, congenital malformations, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. This has resulted in ZIKV being declared a public health emergency and has greatly accelerated the pace of ZIKV research and discovery. Within a short time period, useful mouse and non-human primate disease models have been established, and pre-clinical evaluation of therapeutics and vaccines has begun. Unexpectedly, ZIKV exhibits a broad tropism and persistence in body tissues and fluids, which contributes to the clinical manifestations and epidemiology that have been observed during the current epidemic. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis, tissue tropism, and the resulting pathology and discuss areas for future investigation.
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Jonathan J
JJ
Miner
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: diamond@borcim.wustl.edu.
Michael S
MS
Diamond
D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020275:Guillain-Barre Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000209:etiology / Q000821:virology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D056189:Viral Tropism; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000071244:Zika Virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000071243:Zika Virus Infection / Q000473:pathology*
D014765:Viral Vaccines
Zika virus; congenital infection; flavivirus; host immunity; innate immunity; microcephaly; pathogenesis; tropism; viral persistence