Chromatographic determination of harmalans in the urine of autistic children.
This paper presents a new approach to autism - a complex and still enigmatic condition. We present the results of our preliminary research which was based on the detection of the hallucinogenic substance 6- (or 10-)methoxyharmalan in the urine samples of autistic children with the use of chromatographic methods. Additionally, we aim to describe the relationship between the level of tryptophan and harmalan, and the influence of supplementation on the level of this compound. We applied HPLC-UV/vis, HPLC-DAD and LC-MS in order to determine McIsaac's compound in the urine samples obtained from autistic children (n = 132) and healthy individuals (n = 10). The level of tryptophan was quantified with the use of GC-MS. Our research shows the presence of the McIsaac's compound in 110 samples of ASD children contrary to healthy children, where it was not found. No relationship between the level of tryptophan and 6-methoxyharmalan was noticed. The study shows a strong influence of melatonin supplementation on the presence of the McIsaac's compound. We believe that the results of our research can contribute to a better understanding of autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, our findings can form the basis for other studies focused on autism, eventually making it possible to understand its etiology.
Department of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Poland.
Joanna
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-4667
J
Kałużna-Czaplińska
Department of Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Poland.
Jagoda
J
Jóźwik-Pruska
The Child Development Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Andrea
A
Axt
D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine*; D002243:Carbolines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D057230:Limit of Detection; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008550:Melatonin; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
D002243:Carbolines; C045323:harmalan; D008550:Melatonin
ASD; autism; harmalans; melatonin; pineal gland