Health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5in China.
In China, over 1.3 billion people have high health risks associated with exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). The PM2.5mass concentrations from 1382 national air quality monitoring stations in 367 cities, between January 2014 and December 2016, were analyzed to estimate the health burden attributable to ambient PM2.5across China. The integrated exposure-response model was applied to estimate the relative risks of disease-specific mortality. Disease-specific mortality baselines in province-level administrative units were adjusted by the national mortality baseline to better reveal the spatial inequality of the health burden associated with PM2.5. Our study suggested that PM2.5in 2015 contributed as much as 40.3% to total stroke deaths, 33.1% to acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI, <5yr) deaths, 26.8% to ischemic heart disease (IHD) deaths, 23.9% to lung cancer (LC) deaths, 18.7% to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) deaths, 30.2% to total deaths combining IHD, stroke, COPD, and LC, 15.5% to all cause deaths. The population weighted average (PWA) attributable mortality rates (10-5y-1) were 112.0 in current year analysis, and 124.3 in 10-year time lag analysis. The Mortality attributable to PM2.5in 10-year time lag analysis (1.7 million) was 12% higher than the current year analysis (1.5 million). Our study also estimated site-specific annual PM2.5concentrations in scenarios of achieving WHO interim targets (ITs) and AQG. The mortality benefits will be 24.0%, 44.8%, 70.8%, and 85.2% of the total current mortalities (1.5 million) when the PWA PM2.5concentrations in China meets the WHO IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and AQG, respectively. We expect air quality modeling and cost-benefits analysis of emission reduction scenarios and corresponding health benefits in meeting the site-specific annual PM2.5concentrations (WHO IT-1, IT-2, IT-3, and AQG) this study raised.
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Congbo
C
Song
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China. Electronic address: hejianjun@camscma.cn.
Jianjun
J
He
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Lin
L
Wu
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Particulate Air Pollution Prevention, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Taosheng
T
Jin
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
Xi
X
Chen
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Ruipeng
R
Li
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Peipei
P
Ren
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
Li
L
Zhang
College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. Electronic address: hongjun_mao@126.com.
Hongjun
H
Mao
D000208:Acute Disease; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D062489:Health Impact Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter
China; Health benefits; Health burden; PM(2.5); Population exposure