Are multitasking abilities impaired in welders exposed to manganese? Translating cognitive neuroscience to neurotoxicology.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with well characterized neurotoxic effects in high concentrations. Neurochemically, the initial neurotoxic effect of Mn is the perturbation of striatal γ-aminobutyric acid levels. Specific tasks for the assessment of cognitive functions subserved by fronto-striatal loops are available as the stop-change task (SCT) assessing control of multi-component behavior and action cascading. In a cross-sectional study, fifty male welders and 28 age-matched controls completed the SCT during a whole day examination. Reaction times, responses accuracy, and event-related potentials (ERPs) from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were analyzed. The shift exposure of the welders to respirable Mn was stratified by 20 µg/m3in 23 low-exposed (median = 4.7 µg/m3) and 27 high-exposed welders (median = 86.0 µg/m3). Welders graduation was lower and was therefore included in the analyses. The task-related factor (stop-change delay, SCD) modified the responses as expected; however, the lack of an interaction "SCD × group" revealed no differences between welders and controls. EEG data showed that the "SCD" modulated the amplitude of the P3 ERP in controls stronger than in welders. There was no difference between the two groups of welders and no association between airborne or systemic Mn and the P3 ERP. Moreover, the P3 amplitude was smaller in subjects with lower education. These results showed that multitasking performance and cognitive flexibility are not impaired in welders. The electrophysiological results gave a weak hint that relevant neurobiological processes were different in welders as compared to controls but this may be related to lower education.
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), TU Dortmund, Ardeystr. 67, 44139, Dortmund, Germany. thriel@ifado.de.
Christoph
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3215-9262
C
van Thriel
Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB), Bochum, Germany.|Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Clara
C
Quetscher
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Beate
B
Pesch
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Anne
A
Lotz
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Martin
M
Lehnert
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Swaantje
S
Casjens
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Tobias
T
Weiss
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Germany.
Rainer
R
Van Gelder
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance (IFA), Sankt Augustin, Germany.
Katrin
K
Plitzke
Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany.
Thomas
T
Brüning
Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.|Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Christian
C
Beste
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D000066494:Cognitive Neuroscience / Q000379:methods; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D011930:Reaction Time; D014896:Welding
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D008345:Manganese
Cognitive functions; Electrophysiology; Manganese; Neurobehavioral testing; Toxicity