Evaluation of Intra-articular Fracture Extension After Gunshot Wounds to the Lower Extremity: Plain Radiographs Versus Computer Tomography.
OBJECTIVE
This study was to compare the use of computer tomography with plain radiographs for the evaluation of intra-articular extension of long bone fractures in the lower extremity after low-energy gunshot wounds.


METHODS
Retrospective chart and radiographic review.


METHODS
Level 1 Trauma Center.


METHODS
Data were collected from a single institution from 2000 to 2014. Inclusion criteria consisted of patients greater than 17 years of age, low-velocity gunshot injuries causing fracture of the femur or tibia, plain radiographs with adequate films, and computed tomography (CT) imaging of the fracture. This consisted of 133 patients with 140 fractures.


METHODS
Intra-articular fracture extension was evaluated on initial plain radiographs and CTs.


METHODS
Comparison of "gold standard" CT with all reviewers' evaluation of plain radiographs.


RESULTS
There were 140 total fractures; 108 were femoral fractures and 32 were tibial fractures. By comparing plain radiographs with the gold standard CT, the reviewers demonstrated correct diagnosis in 85% of intra-articular fractures and 96% of non-intra-articular fractures. In addition, the reviewers accurately diagnosed 70.8% of intra-articular extensions in the diaphysis and 70.5% in the metaphysis. The sensitivity and specificity for plain radiographs were 85.3% and 96.0%, respectively, for all locations. Metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures demonstrated the poorest sensitivity at 80.7% and 82.1%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Low-energy gunshot wounds with fractures in the diaphyseal of the distal femur and all metaphyseal fractures warrant CT evaluation to better examine for intra-articular fracture extension.


METHODS
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ.
John S
JS
Hwang
Kenneth L
KL
Koury
George
G
Gorgy
Michael S
MS
Sirkin
Mark C
MC
Reilly
Valdis
V
Lelkes
Mark R
MR
Adams
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D057072:Intra-Articular Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014962:X-Ray Film / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult