Actions of Quercetin, a Polyphenol, on Blood Pressure.
Disorder of blood pressure control causes serious diseases in the cardiovascular system. This review focuses on the anti-hypertensive action of quercetin, a flavonoid, which is one of the polyphenols characterized as the compounds containing large multiples of phenol structural units, by varying the values of various blood pressure regulatory factors, such as vascular compliance, peripheral vascular resistance, and total blood volume via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions. In addition to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions of quercetin, we especially describe a novel mechanism of quercetin's action on the cytosolic Cl-concentration ([Cl-]c) and novel roles of the cytosolic Cl-i.e.: (1) quercetin elevates [Cl-]cby activating Na⁺-K⁺-2Cl-cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) in renal epithelial cells contributing to Na⁺ reabsorption via the epithelial Na⁺ channel (ENaC); (2) the quercetin-induced elevation of [Cl-]cin renal epithelial cells diminishes expression of ENaC leading to a decrease in renal Na⁺ reabsorption; and (3) this reduction of ENaC-mediated Na⁺ reabsorption in renal epithelial cells drops volume-dependent elevated blood pressure. In this review, we introduce novel, unique mechanisms of quercetin's anti-hypertensive action via activation of NKCC1 in detail.
Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. marunaka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.|Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. marunaka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.|Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan. marunaka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Yoshinori
Y
Marunaka
Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. marurie@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.|Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. marurie@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Rie
R
Marunaka
Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. crystal@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Hongxin
H
Sun
Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. yamamoto@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Toshiro
T
Yamamoto
Department of Dental Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. kanamura@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Narisato
N
Kanamura
Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. inui-cl@nike.eonet.ne.jp.|Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. inui-cl@nike.eonet.ne.jp.|Saisei Mirai Clinics, Moriguchi 570-0012, Japan. inui-cl@nike.eonet.ne.jp.
Toshio
T
Inui
Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. taruno@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp.
Akiyuki
A
Taruno
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2 / Q000378:metabolism
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D059808:Polyphenols; D064506:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 2; D011794:Quercetin
Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter 1; cytosolic Cl− concentration; epithelial Na+ channel; flavonoid; quercetin