Pulmonary innate inflammatory responses to agricultural occupational contaminants.
Agricultural workers are exposed to many contaminants and suffer from respiratory and other symptoms. Dusts, gases, microbial products and pesticide residues from farms have been linked to effects on the health of agricultural workers. Growing sets of data from in vitro and in vivo models demonstrate the role of the innate immune system, especially Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR9, in lung inflammation induced following exposure to contaminants in agricultural environments. Interestingly, inflammation and lung function changes appear to be discordant indicating the complexity of inflammatory responses to exposures. Whereas the recent development of rodent models and exposure systems have yielded valuable data, we need new systems to examine the combined effects of multiple contaminants in order to increase our understanding of farm-exposure-induced negative health effects.
School of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.|Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
Ram S
RS
Sethi
Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
David
D
Schneberger
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Chandrashekhar
C
Charavaryamath
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada. baljit.singh1@ucalgary.ca.
Baljit
B
Singh
D000383:Agriculture; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure
D004785:Environmental Pollutants
Animal models; Human exposures; Lung inflammation; Pesticides; Pig and chicken farms