BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND BONE REMODELING IN RESPONSE TO OOPHORECTOMY AND AQUATIC TRAINING.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether swimming could prevent bone loss and could be indicated to assist in treatment of osteoporosis.


METHODS
Female rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6), two of them were oophorectomized. Animals from two groups, one oophorectomized and another not oophorectomized, underwent aquatic training for eight weeks. After training, the animals were sacrificed and their blood was collected for calcium and alkaline phosphatase serum dosage; the femur was removed and subjected to radiological and histological densitometry analysis to assess bone loss and osteoclast counting on femoral head and neck.


RESULTS
Increase in serum calcium was not observed. There was an increasing activity of alkaline phosphatase in the oophorectomized groups. The radiographs suggest that there was a greater bone mass density in the trained groups. Concerning histology, the trained groups had better tissue structural organization than the sedentary groups. In the oophorectomized and sedentary group, higher presence of osteoclasts was observed a.


CONCLUSIONS
Exercise and oophorectomy did not promote changes in serum calcium levels. The decrease of sex steroids caused by oophorectomy was responsible for severe bone loss, but swimming exercise was able to reduce this loss. Oophorectomy promoted the proliferation of osteoclasts and the exercise proved to be able to diminish it. Level of Evidence I, Experimental Study.
. Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de Catanduva (IMES-Catanduva), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.; . Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil. ; . Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Helena Ribeiro
HR
Souza
. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil. ; . Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana Paula
AP
Girol
. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil. ; . Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde de Barretos Dr. Paulo Prata (FACISB), Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.
Adriana Paula Sanchez
AP
Schiaveto
. Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de Catanduva (IMES-Catanduva), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.; . Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mairto Roberis
MR
Geromel
. Faculdades Integradas Padre Albino (FIPA), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.
Melina Mizusaki
MM
Iyomasa
. Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de Catanduva (IMES-Catanduva), Catanduva, São Paulo, Brazil.
Maurício Ferraz DE
MF
Arruda
Alkaline phosphatase; Calcium; Exercise; Oophorectomy; Osteoclasts.; Osteoporosis; Radiography; Rats; Swimming