Bidirectional immunomodulating activity of fermented polysaccharides from Yupingfeng.
Accumulating evidence has proven the immunomodulating activity of Yupingfeng. This study compared the immunomodulatory activity in vitro of the unfermented Yupingfeng dreg polysaccharides (UYDP) with that of the fermented Yupingfeng dreg polysaccharides (FYDP) obtained using Rhizopus oligosporus SH. Results consistently elucidated the duality of the immunomodulatory roles of UYDP and FYDP in regulating proliferation, and cytokines expressions in murine lymphocytes and macrophages. Compared with UYDP, FYDP effectively enhanced the proliferation of lymphocytes and promoted mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), IL-6, TNF-α, INF-γ, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and TLR-4 in lymphocytes and macrophages. Moreover, compared with UYDP, FYDP effectively normalized cell proliferation and downregulated mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, TLR-4, and iNOs in lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic inflammation cells. The results revealed that the bidirectional immunomodulatory effects in vitro of UYDP and FYDP, and the bi-directional immunomodulatory activity of FYDP is superior over that of UYDP. Moreover, more studies in vivo that needs to be studied further.
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hao
H
Sun
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Xueqin
X
Ni
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. Electronic address: zend@sicau.edu.cn.
Dong
D
Zeng
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Fuqin
F
Zou
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Mingyue
M
Yang
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhirong
Z
Peng
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yi
Y
Zhou
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Yan
Y
Zeng
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hui
H
Zhu
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Hesong
H
Wang
Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Zhongqiong
Z
Yin
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Kangcheng
K
Pan
Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Bo
B
Jing
D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005285:Fermentation; D056747:Immunomodulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000737:chemistry*; D060168:Thymocytes / Q000187:drug effects
D016207:Cytokines; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D011134:Polysaccharides; C532967:yupingfeng; D009569:Nitric Oxide
Fermentation; Immunomodulatory activity; Rhizopus oligosporus SH; Yupingfeng dregs polysaccharide