Phoenixin: A Newly Discovered Peptide with Multi-Functions.
Phoenixin (PNX), a newly identified peptide cleaved from the C-terminus of protein C4orf52, mainly exists in two active isoforms, phoenixin-14 (PNX-14) amide and phoenixin-20 (PNX-20) amide that were first isolated from the rat hypothalamus and bovine heart, respectively. Initial studies demonstrated that PNX is a reproductive peptide, which affects the hypothalamus pituitary genital (HPG) axis through regulating the expression of kisspeptin, GnRH, GnRH receptor, LH and oestrus process. However, further studies indicated that PNX might play a wide range of roles in additional physiological process such as inhibiting visceral pain and eliciting pruritus, inducing anxiety, improving memory retention. Recently, Gpr173, also designated as SREB3, was identified as the cognate receptor of PNX. Whereas, the regulatory mechanism of PNX has not been fully clarified. This review aims to provide the current knowledge of PNX and propose some study directions for future research.
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Taoyan
T
Yuan
Medical School of City College, Zhejiang University, 51 Huzhou Street, Hangzhou 310015, China.
Zhongxin
Z
Sun
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Wanqiu
W
Zhao
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115. United States.
Tao
T
Wang
Cosmetic & Plastic Surgery Department, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou 310006, China.
Jufang
J
Zhang
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Dong
D
Niu
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
D007028:Hypothalamic Hormones; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides; C000705635:phoenixin; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C000731770:Smim20 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins
C4orf52; GnRH; Gpr173; Phoenixin; cognate receptor; reproductive peptide