How cutting-edge technologies impact the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental analysis. A review.
Through the years, scientists have developed cutting-edge technologies to make (bio)sensors more convenient for environmental analytical purposes. Technological advancements in the fields of material science, rational design, microfluidics, and sensor printing, have radically shaped biosensor technology, which is even more evident in the continuous development of sensing systems for the monitoring of hazardous chemicals. These efforts will be crucial in solving some of the problems constraining biosensors to reach real environmental applications, such as continuous analyses in field by means of multi-analyte portable devices. This review (with 203 refs.) covers the progress between 2010 and 2015 in the field of technologies enabling biosensor applications in environmental analysis, including i) printing technology, ii) nanomaterial technology, iii) nanomotors, iv) biomimetic design, and (v) microfluidics. Next section describes futuristic cutting-edge technologies that are gaining momentum in recent years, which furnish highly innovative aspects to biosensing devices.
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: fabiana.arduini@uniroma2.it.
Fabiana
F
Arduini
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
Stefano
S
Cinti
Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.
Viviana
V
Scognamiglio
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy.
Danila
D
Moscone
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy.
Giuseppe
G
Palleschi
D015374:Biosensing Techniques; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D044085:Microfluidics; D049329:Nanostructures
Artificial bioreceptors; Lab-on-a-chip; Nanomaterials; Pollutants; Printed (bio)sensors