Revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile to Reflect Temporal Trends.
BACKGROUND
Age-adjusted stroke incidence has decreased over the past 50 years, likely as a result of changes in the prevalence and impact of various stroke risk factors. An updated version of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile (FSRP) might better predict current risks in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and other cohorts. We compared the accuracy of the standard (old) and of a revised (new) version of the FSRP in predicting the risk of all-stroke and ischemic stroke and validated this new FSRP in 2 external cohorts, the 3C (3 Cities) and REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) studies.


METHODS
We computed the old FSRP as originally described and a new model that used the most recent epoch-specific risk factor prevalence and hazard ratios for individuals ≥55 years of age and for the subsample ≥65 years of age (to match the age range in REGARDS and 3C studies, respectively) and compared the efficacy of these models in predicting 5- and 10-year stroke risks.


RESULTS
The new FSRP was a better predictor of current stroke risks in all 3 samples than the old FSRP (calibration χ2of new/old FSRP: in men: 64.0/12.1, 59.4/30.6, and 20.7/12.5; in women: 42.5/4.1, 115.4/90.3, and 9.8/6.5 in FHS, REGARDS, and 3C, respectively). In the REGARDS, the new FSRP was a better predictor among whites compared with blacks.


CONCLUSIONS
A more contemporaneous, new FSRP better predicts current risks in 3 large community samples and could serve as the basis for examining geographic and racial differences in stroke risk and the incremental diagnostic utility of novel stroke risk factors.
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Carole
C
Dufouil
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Alexa
A
Beiser
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Leslie A
LA
McLure
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Philip A
PA
Wolf
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Christophe
C
Tzourio
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Virginia J
VJ
Howard
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Andrew J
AJ
Westwood
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Jayandra J
JJ
Himali
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Lisa
L
Sullivan
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Hugo J
HJ
Aparicio
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Margaret
M
Kelly-Hayes
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Karen
K
Ritchie
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Carlos S
CS
Kase
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Aleksandra
A
Pikula
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Jose R
JR
Romero
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Ralph B
RB
D'Agostino
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Cécilia
C
Samieri
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Ramachandran S
RS
Vasan
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
Genevieve
G
Chêne
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.).
George
G
Howard
From Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.T., C.S., G.C.); ISPED, Univ. Bordeaux, France (C.D., C.S., G.C.); CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, France (C.D., C.T., G.C.); Department of Neurology, School of Medicine (A.B., P.A.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., S.S.), Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health (A.B., L.S.), and Department of Mathematics (R.B.D.), Boston University, MA; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, MA (A.B., P.A.W., A.J.W., J.J.H., H.J.A., M.K.-H., C.S.K., A.P., J.R.R., R.B.D., R.S.V., S.S.); Department of Biostatistics, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA (L.A.M.); Departments of Epidemiology (V.J.H.) and Biostatistics (G.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; and INSERM Unit 1061, Montpellier University, France (K.R.). suseshad@bu.edu.
Sudha
S
Seshadri
D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053208:Kaplan-Meier Estimate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality
cerebrovascular disorders; cohort studies; epidemiology; primary prevention; statistics [publication type]