Incomplete Revascularization Is Associated With an Increased Risk for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Among Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery.
The aim of this study was to determine whether incomplete revascularization is associated with a higher risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and myocardial infarction (MI) among patients undergoing noncardiac surgery.



Patients with coronary artery disease and prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) frequently undergo noncardiac surgery. These patients may have had PCI either on all obstructive lesions (i.e., complete revascularization) or only on some (i.e., incomplete revascularization).



Patients were identified using the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking program. Veterans Affairs and non-Veterans Affairs surgical records were used to link patients who underwent noncardiac surgery within 2 years after stent placement. Incomplete revascularization was defined as a residual stenosis of ≥50% in the left main coronary artery or ≥70% in another major epicardial coronary artery on the basis of operator visual estimate.



In total, 4,332 patients (34.7%) had incomplete revascularization. A total of 567 MACE occurred within 1 month post-operatively. Patients with incomplete revascularization had an unadjusted 19% increased odds of post-operative MACE, compared with those with complete revascularization (odds ratio: 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.41). Among the MACE components, post-operative MI appears to contribute the most, with a 37% increased risk for post-operative MI among patients with incomplete revascularization (odds ratio: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.10 to 1.70). After adjustment, there was a significant interaction between time from PCI and outcomes after noncardiac surgery; incomplete revascularization was associated with significantly increased risk for post-operative MI primarily if surgery was performed within 6 weeks after PCI (adjusted odds ratio: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.38). The number of vessels with incomplete revascularization was also associated with an increased risk for post-operative MI: for each additional vessel with incomplete revascularization, there was a 17% increased odds of post-operative MI.



Incomplete revascularization among patients with coronary artery disease is associated with an increased risk for MI after noncardiac surgery.
Section of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado. Electronic address: ehrin.armstrong@gmail.com.
Ehrin J
EJ
Armstrong
Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama.
Laura A
LA
Graham
Section of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Stephen W
SW
Waldo
Section of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Javier A
JA
Valle
Section of Cardiology, Denver VA Medical Center and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
Thomas M
TM
Maddox
Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.
Mary T
MT
Hawn
D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D057286:Electronic Health Records; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D062645:Percutaneous Coronary Intervention / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs
ischemia; operative risk; percutaneous coronary intervention; surgery