Excessive training is associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress but not apoptosis in the hypothalamus of mice.
Downhill running-based overtraining model increases the hypothalamic levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, SOCS3, and pSAPK-JNK. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of 3 overtraining protocols on the levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724), pPERK (Thr981), pelF2α (Ser52), ATF-6, GRP-94, caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448), and pAMPK (Thr172) proteins in the mouse hypothalamus. The mice were randomized into the control, overtrained by downhill running (OTR/down), overtrained by uphill running (OTR/up), and overtrained by running without inclination (OTR) groups. After the overtraining protocols (i.e., at the end of week 8), hypothalamus was removed and used for immunoblotting. The OTR/down group exhibited increased levels of all of the analyzed endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. The OTR/up and OTR groups exhibited increased levels of BiP, pIRE-1 (Ser724), and pPERK (Thr981) in the hypothalamus at the end of week 8. There were no significant differences in the levels of caspase 4, caspase 12, pAKT (Ser473), pmTOR (Ser2448), and pAMPK (Thr172) between the experimental groups at the end of week 8. In conclusion, the 3 overtraining protocols increased the endoplasmic reticulum stress at the end of week 8.
a Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 140490-900, Brazil.
Ana Paula
AP
Pinto
a Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 140490-900, Brazil.
Alisson Luiz
AL
da Rocha
a Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 140490-900, Brazil.
Bruno Cesar
BC
Pereira
a Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 140490-900, Brazil.
Luciana da Costa
LD
Oliveira
b School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil.
Gustavo Paroschi
GP
Morais
c Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil.
Leandro Pereira
LP
Moura
c Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil.
Eduardo Rochete
ER
Ropelle
c Sport Sciences Course, Faculty of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo 13484-350, Brazil.
José Rodrigo
JR
Pauli
a Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 140490-900, Brazil.|b School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-907, Brazil.
Adelino Sanchez Ramos
AS
da Silva
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D059865:Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D056811:Unfolded Protein Response; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase / Q000378:metabolism
D015415:Biomarkers; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019892:eIF-2 Kinase; C486556:Ern2 protein, mouse
apoptose; apoptosis; endoplasmic reticulum stress; hypothalamus; mice; overtrained by downhill running; overtraining protocols; protocoles de surentraînement; souris; stress dans le réticulum endoplasmique; surentraînement par course en pente négative