Soft drink consumption is associated with increased incidence of the metabolic syndrome only in women.
Prospective studies on the association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) have not been carried out in Asians. We explored the sex-specific association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the MetS in Korean adults during 10 years of follow-up. A total of 5797 subjects who were free of the MetS at baseline were studied. Soft drink consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative FFQ. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine hazard ratios (HR) of incidence of the MetS and its components in relation to soft drink consumption. In women, the multivariable-adjusted HR for developing the MetS was 1·8-fold higher in frequent consumers of soft drinks (≥4 servings/week) compared with rare consumers (95 % CI 1·23, 2·64). The adjusted HR for elevated blood pressure increased by 2-fold (95 % CI 1·24, 3·14) and for hypertriacylglycerolaemia by 1·9-fold (95 % CI 1·19, 2·88) in frequent consumers of soft drinks compared with rare consumers. However, in men, there was no association between soft drink consumption and incident risk of the MetS or its components. Frequent soft drink consumption was associated with increased risk of developing the MetS and its components only in middle-aged Korean women, suggesting sex differences for the risk of the MetS related to diet.
Department of Medical Nutrition,Graduate School of East-West Medical Science,Kyung Hee University,Yongin 446-701,Republic of Korea.
Yunjin
Y
Kang
Department of Medical Nutrition,Graduate School of East-West Medical Science,Kyung Hee University,Yongin 446-701,Republic of Korea.
Jihye
J
Kim
D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004032:Diet; D004034:Diet Surveys; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000097:blood; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D056910:Republic of Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D014280:Triglycerides
 BP blood pressure;  HR hazard ratios;  MET metabolic equivalents;  MetS metabolic syndrome;  SSB sugar-sweetened beverages; Korean adults; Metabolic syndrome; Sex differences; Soft drink consumption