Visceral fat is associated with the racial differences in liver fat between black and white adolescent boys with obesity.
OBJECTIVE
We examined whether racial differences in liver fat are associated with the differences in abdominal fat distribution or cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).


METHODS
Participants included 57 black and white obese boys (12-18 years). Total and abdominal fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. CRF was measured using a maximal graded treadmill test with the use of standard open-circuit spirometry techniques until volitional fatigue. Liver fat was measured using a 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fatty liver was defined as having liver fat ≥5%.


RESULTS
In the sample, 16.1% of black boys and 30.8% of white boys had fatty liver. Liver fat was associated (P ≤ .05) with body mass index (BMI) percentile (r = 0.28), total fat (r = 0.31), waist circumference (r = 0.38), visceral fat (r = 0.62), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (r = 0.30), and CRF (r = -0.27) adjusting for age and race. White boys had greater liver fat than black boys with adjustment for age and differences in BMI percentile or CRF, but not with waist circumference or visceral fat (P > .05). In a model with age, ethnicity, total body fat, fat-free mass, visceral fat, abdominal subcutaneous fat, and CRF, visceral fat was the only factor to be independently associated with increased odds of having fatty liver (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.04-1.21; P = .003).


CONCLUSIONS
The racial disparities in liver fat between obese black vs white adolescents are explained, in part, by differences in visceral fat.
Division of Weight Management & Wellness, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
SoJung
S
Lee
School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jennifer L
JL
Kuk
D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D050154:Adiposity / Q000208:ethnology; D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000072599:Cardiorespiratory Fitness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005080:Exercise Test; D054624:Health Status Disparities; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology*; D056128:Obesity, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D063766:Pediatric Obesity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D055105:Waist Circumference; D044465:White People; D051598:Whole Body Imaging
liver fat; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; race; visceral adipose tissue