A review on antioxidant potential of bioactive heterocycle benzofuran: Natural and synthetic derivatives.
The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. In this context, oxygen heterocycles exhibit diverse biological and pharmacological activities due in part to the similarities with many natural and synthetic molecules with known biological activity. Among oxygen containing heterocycles, benzofuran (synthetic and natural isolated) and its derivatives have attracted medicinal chemists and pharmacologists due to their pronounced biological activities and their potential applications as pharmacological agents such as antioxidant, antitumor, antiplatelet, antimalarial, antiinflammatory, antidepressant and anticonvulsant properties. There are also an amazing number of approved benzofuran-containing drugs in the market as well as compounds currently going through different clinical phases or registration statuses. Due to the wide range of biological activities of benzofurans, their structure activity relationships have generated interest among medicinal chemists, and this has culminated in the discovery of several lead molecules in numerous disease conditions. Recently, this scaffold has emerged as a pharmacophore of choice for designing antioxidant drug development as their derivatives have shown excellent results through different mechanism of action. This review focused on the recent development of benzofuran derivatives as antioxidant agents (including natural products) and their antioxidant activities; summarize the structure property, hoping to inspire new and even more creative approaches. Also, this study systematically provides a comprehensive report on current developments in benzofuran-based compounds as antioxidant agents and is also helpful for the researchers working on a substitution pattern around the nucleus, with an aim to help medicinal chemists to develop structure activity relationships (SAR) on these derivatives as antioxidant drugs.
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: kc4chemistry@gmail.com.
Karam
K
Chand
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Rajeshwari
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Asha
A
Hiremathad
Gennova Biopharmaceuticals Limited, Vaccine Formulation and Research Centre, Hinjwadi, Pune, India.
Mahak
M
Singh
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
M Amelia
MA
Santos
Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: keriphd@gmail.com.
Rangappa S
RS
Keri
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015195:Drug Design; D055808:Drug Discovery / Q000379:methods; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; C105430:benzofuran
Oxidative stress; antioxidant; benzofuran; heterocycles; structure activity relationships