Effects of Natural Products on Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).
As a sugar additive, fructose is widely used in processed foods and beverages. Excessive fructose consumption can cause hepatic steatosis and dyslipidemia, leading to the development of metabolic syndrome. Recent research revealed that fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to several pathological processes, including: (1) augmenting lipogenesis; (2) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction; (3) stimulating the activation of inflammatory pathways; and (4) causing insulin resistance. Cellular signaling research indicated that partial factors play significant roles in fructose-induced NAFLD, involving liver X receptor (LXR)α, sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1/1c, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), leptin nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), c-Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Until now, a series of natural products have been reported as regulators of NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. This paper reviews the natural products (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, and (-)-epicatechin) and their mechanisms of ameliorating fructose-induced NAFLD over the past years. Although, as lead compounds, natural products usually have fewer activities compared with synthesized compounds, it will shed light on studies aiming to discover new drugs for NAFLD.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. serafinachen@163.com.
Qian
Q
Chen
Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. 18202682964@163.com.
Tingting
T
Wang
Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. beyondwill@126.com.
Jian
J
Li
Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. 15122587883@163.com.
Sijian
S
Wang
Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. fengqiu20070118@163.com.
Feng
F
Qiu
Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. yuhaiyang19830116@hotmail.com.
Haiyang
H
Yu
Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. zhwwxzh@263.net.
Yi
Y
Zhang
Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China. wangtao@tjutcm.edu.cn.
Tao
T
Wang
D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002392:Catechin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005632:Fructose / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology; D065626:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077185:Resveratrol; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage
D001688:Biological Products; D013267:Stilbenes; D005632:Fructose; D002392:Catechin; D003474:Curcumin; D000077185:Resveratrol
fructose-induced NAFLD; inflammatory pathways; insulin resistance; lipogenesis; mitochondrial dysfunction; natural products