Association of Intraocular Pressure With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
OBJECTIVE
Prior studies have shown an association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and reduced intraocular pressures (IOP). The purpose of this study was to determine if patients with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had any difference in their IOP compared with patients without HIV or with HIV who are not on HAART.


METHODS
Retrospective cross-sectional study.


METHODS
We included 400 patients from our academic eye center between 2000 and 2016. Group 1 (G1) consisted of patients with HIV on HAART (n = 176), Group 2 (G2) consisted of patients with HIV who were not on HAART (n = 48), and Group 3 (G3) consisted of controls without HIV (n = 176). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare mean IOP values. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were performed to assess factors impacting IOP. Difference in IOP was the primary outcome being measured.


RESULTS
The mean IOPs in mm Hg were 13.7 ± 5.1 (G1), 13.1 ± 3.6 (G2), and 17.3 ± 3.8 (G3), P < .01. In regression modeling, having a CD4 count ≤700 cells/mm3contributed to a 2.1 mm Hg decrease in IOP. Patients with HIV were 7 times more likely to have an IOP ≤10 mm Hg, and patients with a CD4 count ≤700 cells/mm3were 13 times more likely to have an IOP ≤10 mm Hg.


CONCLUSIONS
Absolute CD4 counts may play a role in IOP fluctuations. This association was found in patients with HIV regardless of whether patients were on HAART.
Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic address: youngmt2@gmail.com.
Matthew T
MT
Young
Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Rakhi T
RT
Melvani
Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Faraaz A
FA
Khan
Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Puneet S
PS
Braich
Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
Surbhi
S
Bansal
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014065:Tonometry, Ocular