Surface Polarization Model for the Dynamic Hysteresis of Perovskite Solar Cells.
The dynamic hysteresis of perovskite solar cells consists of the occurrence of significant deviations of the current density-voltage curve shapes depending on the specific conditions of measurement such as starting voltage, waiting time, scan rate, and other factors. Dynamic hysteresis is a serious impediment to stabilized and reliable measurement and operation of the perovskite solar cells. In this Letter, we formulate a model for the dynamic hysteresis based on the idea that the cell accumulates a huge quantity of surface electronic charge at forward bias that is released on voltage sweeping, causing extra current over the normal response. The charge shows a retarded dynamics due to the slow relaxation of the accompanying ionic charge, that produces variable shapes depending on scan rate or poling value and time. We show that the quantitative model provides a consistent description of experimental results and allows us to determine significant parameters of the perovskite solar cell for both the transient and steady-state performance.
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Sandheep
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-0159
S
Ravishankar
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Osbel
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-0203
O
Almora
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Carlos
C
Echeverría-Arrondo
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.|Nano-photonics and Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (NORLab), Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University , 16788-15811 Lavizan, Tehran, Iran.
Elnaz
E
Ghahremanirad
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Clara
C
Aranda
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Antonio
A
Guerrero
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Francisco
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-1245
F
Fabregat-Santiago
Department of Chemistry, Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University , Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
Arie
A
Zaban
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Germà
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-6175
G
Garcia-Belmonte
Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló, Spain.
Juan
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4987-4887
J
Bisquert