Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania chagasi: In vitro leishmanicide activity of Virola surinamensis (rol.) warb.
Virola species have been used in traditional medicine as healing in skin infections. From V. surinanensis oil were isolated several sesquiterpene as the nerolidol which showed activity against species of Leishmania. The current study aimed to evaluate the leishmanicide activity and toxicity of extracts, fractions and surinamesin obtained from leaves of Virola surinamensis. Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Methanol extracts were obtained from powder of dry leaves of V. surinamensis. The hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were fractionated by silica gel column chromatography and increasingly polar gradient. The viability of L. chagasi and L. amazonensis promastigotes was assessed by tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). Peritoneal macrophages were exposed to L. amazonensis promastigotes. The treatment was performed with the extracts for 24 h. Then, the coverslips were stained and the infection index was determined. Cytotoxicity was determined in macrophage cells by peritoneum viability assay (MTT). The selectivity index was calculated as the product of cytotoxic concentration 50% and inhibitory concentration 50%. The hexane extract showed leishmanicide activity in promastigotes. The ethyl acetate, methanol extracts and fractions (C1-C6), were inactive against promastigote form of L. chagasi and L. amzazonensis. None extract showed effect on L. amazonensis amastigotes. All samples tested showed low cytotoxicity (CC50> 500 μg/mL). The selectivity index of the hexane extract was greater than 5. The hexane extract of V. surinamensis was active against L. chagasi and L. amazonensis promastigotes. The extract fractionation did not increase significantly its antipromastigote activity. The surinamensin is probably not responsible for the activity. The extracts were inactive against amastigotes of L. amazonensis.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: assv1977@gmail.com.
Andreza
A
Veiga
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: kellyoalbuquerque@hotmail.com.
Kelly
K
Albuquerque
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: elinetesaraivacorrea@yahoo.com.br.
Maria Elinete
ME
Corrêa
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: helitom2009@hotmail.com.
Helliton
H
Brigido
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: victornewtron@hotmail.com.
João
J
Silva E Silva
Setor de leishmaniose, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316, KM 7, 67030-000, Ananindeua, Brazil. Electronic address: marlianecampos@yahoo.com.br.
Marliane
M
Campos
Setor de leishmaniose, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Rodovia BR-316, KM 7, 67030-000, Ananindeua, Brazil. Electronic address: fernandotobias@iec.pa.gov.br.
Fernando
F
Silveira
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil; Faculdade de Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil. Electronic address: lsslouri@gmail.com.
Lourivaldo
L
Santos
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inovação Farmacêutica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Brazil. Electronic address: fani@ufpa.br.
Maria
M
Dolabela
D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000187:drug effects*; D007894:Leishmania mexicana / Q000187:drug effects*; D017705:Lignans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D026324:Myristicaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity
D000840:Anisoles; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D017705:Lignans; D010936:Plant Extracts; C446121:virolin; C420461:surinamensin
Cytotoxic; Leishmanicide; Virola surinamensis