Response Surface Methodology Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Acer Truncatum Leaves for Maximal Phenolic Yield and Antioxidant Activity.
This study is the first to report the use of response surface methodology to improve phenolic yield and antioxidant activity ofAcer truncatumleaves extracts (ATLs) obtained by ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The phenolic composition in ATLs extracted under the optimized conditions were characterized by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Solvent and extraction time were selected based on preliminary experiments, and a four-factors-three-levels central composite design was conducted to optimize solvent concentration (X₁), material-to-liquid ratio (X₂), ultrasonic temperature (X₃) and power (X₄) for an optimal total phenol yield (Y₁) and DPPH• antioxidant activity (Y₂). The results showed that the optimal combination was ethanol:water (v:v) 66.21%, material-to-liquid ratio 1:15.31 g/mL, ultrasonic bath temperature 60 °C, power 267.30 W, and time 30 min with three extractions, giving a maximal total phenol yield of 7593.62 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g d.w. and a maximal DPPH• antioxidant activity of 74,241.61 μmol Trolox equivalent/100 g d.w. Furthermore, 22 phenolics were first identified in ATL extract obtained under the optimized conditions, indicating that gallates, gallotannins, quercetin, myricetin and chlorogenic acid derivatives were the main phenolic components in ATL. What's more, a gallotannins pathway existing in ATL from gallic acid to penta-O-galloylglucoside was proposed. All these results provide practical information aiming at full utilization of phenolics in ATL, together with fundamental knowledge for further research.
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. yanglingguangxdjqz@163.com.
Lingguang
L
Yang
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. happy62889@126.com.
Peipei
P
Yin
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. fwqh1990@163.com.
Hang
H
Fan
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. xuetian20130607@163.com.
Qiang
Q
Xue
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. like17931@163.com.
Ke
K
Li
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. 18289743335@163.com.
Xiang
X
Li
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. yjliubio@bjfu.edu.cn.
Liwei
L
Sun
National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China. lsun2013@bjfu.edu.cn.
Yujun
Y
Liu
D031002:Acer / Q000737:chemistry*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D059625:Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D000069453:Ultrasonic Waves
D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents
Acer truncatum leaves; UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS; antioxidant activity; phenolics; response surface methodology; ultrasonic-assisted extraction