Legionnaire's Disease in Compromised Hosts.
Legionnaire's disease (LD) is mainly reported in apparently immunocompetent patients. Among them, risk factors include chronic lung disease and smoking. However, LD is also well reported among immunocompromised patients, particularly those treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy, patients with hematological malignancy, and transplant patients. This article discusses the available data on immunity against Legionella spp, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of LD in immunocompromised patients.
AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sevres, Paris 75015, France. Electronic address: Fanny.lanternier@aphp.fr.
Fanny
F
Lanternier
Legionelles, Inserm 1111 Centre International Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
Florence
F
Ader
AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sevres, Paris 75015, France.
Benoit
B
Pilmis
Hopital Foch, Suresnes, France.
Emilie
E
Catherinot
Legionelles, Inserm 1111 Centre International Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.
Sophie
S
Jarraud
AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, IHU Imagine, Université Paris Descartes, 149, rue de Sevres, Paris 75015, France. Electronic address: olivier.lortholary@aphp.fr.
Olivier
O
Lortholary
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007877:Legionnaires' Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D009369:Neoplasms; D066027:Transplant Recipients
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents
Legionellosis; TLR-5; TNF blockers; TNF-alpha; Tobacco