National estimation of seafood consumption in Mexico: Implications for exposure to methylmercury and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
BACKGROUND
Seafood is a good source of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-PUFA) but also contains the toxic contaminant methylmercury (MeHg). National estimates of exposure to both compounds through seafood intake in Mexico are not known. The objective of the current study was to describe national seafood consumption habits and to estimate seafood-based exposure to ω3-PUFAs and MeHg.


METHODS
We analyzed data from a 24-h dietary recall extracted from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey of Mexico (n = 10,096 subjects aged 1y and older). National per capita seafood intake as well as information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and geographic region was obtained. The contribution of each seafood item to the total MeHg exposure was estimated, as was the balance between estimated exposures to ω3-PUFAs and MeHg.


RESULTS
A mean daily seafood intake of 10 g/day was estimated. The top species consumed in decreasing order were: canned tuna, sunfish, shrimp, mullet, carp and schoolshark (constituted 60% of seafood intake). Canned tuna and schoolshark contributed 75% of the population's estimated exposure to MeHg. The best balance of population-level exposures to ω3-PUFAs and MeHg was found in salmon, sardine, trout and anchovies.


CONCLUSIONS
Environmental dietary exposure to MeHg is a public health concern and thus a good understanding of seafood consumption is needed to create national consumption guidelines. The current study provides nationally-representative data in Mexico from which decisions can be made (e.g., UN Minamata Convention) and future studies conducted.
CONACYT, National Institute of Public Health, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Mexico. Electronic address: alejandra.cantoral@insp.mx.
Alejandra
A
Cantoral
CONACYT, National Institute of Public Health, Center for Research on Nutrition and Health, Mexico.
Carolina
C
Batis
Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Niladri
N
Basu
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004435:Eating; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008800:Mexico; D017747:Seafood / Q000032:analysis*; D055815:Young Adult
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds
Methylmercury; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Public health; Risk assessment; Seafood; Survey