Heavy metal concentrations and speciation in riverine sediments and the risks posed in three urban belts in the Haihe Basin.
Heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pollution and the risks posed by the heavy metals in riverine sediments in a mountainous urban-belt area (MB), a mountain-plain urban-belt area (MPB), and a plain urban-belt area (PB) in the Haihe Basin, China, were assessed. The enrichment factors indicated that the sediments were more polluted with Cu and Zn than with the other metals, especially in the MPB. The sediments in the MPB were strongly affected by Cu and Zn inputs from anthropogenic sources. The risk assessment codes and individual contamination factors showed that Zn was mobile and posed ecological risks, the exchangeable fractions being 21.1%, 21.2%, and 19.2% of the total Zn concentrations in the samples from the MB, MPB, and PB, respectively. Cr, Cu, and Zn in the sediments from the MPB were potentially highly bioavailable because the non-residual fractions were 56.2%, 54.9%, and 56.5%, respectively, of the total concentrations. The potential risks posed by the heavy metals (determined from the chemical fractions of the heavy metals) in the different areas generally decreased in the order MPB > MB > PB. Pictorial representation of cluster analysis results showed that urbanization development level could cause Cr and Zn pollution in the urban riverine sediments to become more severe.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China.
Chao
C
Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China. Electronic address: bqshan@rcees.ac.cn.
Baoqing
B
Shan
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, PR China. Electronic address: wztang@rcees.ac.cn.
Wenzhong
W
Tang
Tianjin Hydraulic Research Insititute, Tianjin 300061, PR China.
Lixin
L
Dong
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
Wenqiang
W
Zhang
School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
Yuansheng
Y
Pei
D002681:China; D002857:Chromium / Q000032:analysis; D002947:Cities; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis; D004463:Ecology; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D009532:Nickel / Q000032:analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D045483:Rivers; D062206:Spatial Analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis
D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002857:Chromium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D009532:Nickel; D015032:Zinc
Chemical speciation; Heavy metal; Risk assessment; Source analysis; Urban belt