Mosquito-borne viruses circulating in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
BACKGROUND
Diseases caused by mosquito-borne viruses are among the most important emerging diseases that threaten human and animal health, particularly in Africa. However, little attention has been paid to these diseases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The present cross-sectional study was undertaken between March and May 2014 to investigate the presence of mosquito-borne viruses in mosquitoes collected from five municipalities of Kinshasa, DRC.


METHODS
Mosquitoes were collected using BG-Sentinel traps and battery-powered aspirators. Female mosquitoes were pooled according to their genera and sampling locations, preserved in RNAlater, and later screened for viruses using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays.


RESULTS
A total of 2922 mosquitoes were collected and 29 pools of female mosquitoes, containing approximately 30 mosquitoes each, were tested. Twelve of the 29 (41.4%) mosquito pools were found to be infected with at least one arbovirus, with eight (27.5%) pools positive for Alphavirus, nine (31%) for Flavivirus, and five (17.2%) for Bunyaviridae. Chikungunya, o'nyong'nyong, and Rift valley fever viruses were detected.


CONCLUSIONS
The present study shows that mosquitoes in Kinshasa carry mosquito-borne viruses that may have serious public health implications. Further investigations on the presence of mosquito-borne viruses in the human and livestock populations of Kinshasa and DRC are recommended.
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, PO Box 747 Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Electronic address: makolambanzulu@yahoo.fr.
Kennedy Makola
KM
Mbanzulu
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, PO Box 747 Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Roger
R
Wumba
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, PO Box 747 Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Jean-Pierre Kambala
JK
Mukendi
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, PO Box 747 Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Josué Kikana
JK
Zanga
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Fortunate
F
Shija
Department of Tropical Medicine, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, PO Box 747 Kinshasa XI, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Thierry Lengu
TL
Bobanga
Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Michel Ntetani
MN
Aloni
Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, College of Veterinary and Medical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Gerald
G
Misinzo
D000349:Africa; D000524:Alphavirus; D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D005260:Female; D005416:Flavivirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D016851:Orthobunyavirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*
Arboviruses; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Kinshasa; Mosquito-borne viruses; Mosquitoes