Trace elements in early phase type 2 diabetes mellitus-A population-based study. The HUNT study in Norway.
Differences in trace elements levels between individuals with type 2 diabetes and controls have been reported in several studies in various body fluids and tissues, but results have been inconsistent. In order to examine trace element levels in the early phase of type 2 diabetes, we investigated the association between whole blood levels of 26 trace elements and the prevalence of previously undiagnosed, screening-detected type 2 diabetes. The study was conducted as a case-control study nested within the third survey of the population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3 Survey). Among participants without previously known diabetes, 128 cases of type 2 diabetes were diagnosed in people with a high diabetes risk score (FINDRISC≥15), and frequency-matched for age and sex with 755 controls. Blood samples were analyzed by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Associations between trace element levels and the prevalence of previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes were evaluated with multivariable conditional logistic regression controlling for age, sex, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, education, income, smoking and family history of diabetes. The prevalence of previously undiagnosed type 2 diabetes increased across tertiles/quartiles for cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, silver and zinc, and decreased with increasing quartiles of bromine (Ptrend<0.05). After corrections for multiple testing, associations for chromium remained significant (Qtrend<0.05), while associations for iron and silver were borderline significant. No associations were found for arsenic, boron, calcium, cesium, copper, gallium, gold, indium, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, rubidium, selenium, strontium, tantalum, thallium and tin. Our results suggest a possible role of bromine, cadmium, chromium, iron, nickel, silver and zinc in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. Electronic address: ailin.f.hansen@ntnu.no.
Ailin Falkmo
AF
Hansen
Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Anica
A
Simić
Department of Endocrinology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Bjørn Olav
BO
Åsvold
Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Pål Richard
PR
Romundstad
Department of Public Health and General Practice, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; HUNT Research Centre, Levanger, Norway.
Kristian
K
Midthjell
Department of Neuroscience, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tore
T
Syversen
Department of Chemistry, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Trond Peder
TP
Flaten
D000368:Aged; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood*
D014131:Trace Elements
Case-control study; HR-ICP-MS; HUNT3; Trace elements; Type 2 diabetes; Whole blood