The use of diclofenac sodium in urological practice: A structural and neurochemical based review.
Diclofenac sodium (DS) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with antipyretic and analgesic effects. It is mainly found in the form of sodium salt. The mechanism of action of DS operates by way of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. The physiological effect of this substance derives from a decrease in prostaglandin production. DS is a benzeneacetic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory properties. As a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), DS binds to both forms of COX (COX-1 and COX-2) and inhibits the conversion of arachidonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandins by means of chelation. At the same time, this agent is also able to inhibit tumor angiogenesis, in which COX-2 is involved. DS is effective in overcoming pain and inflammation when it inhibits COX-2, but gastrointestinal side effects appear when it inhibits COX-1. In this review, we have focused on chemical structure and pharmacokinetic properties and renal effects of DS in light of current knowledge. Additionally, use of diclofenac nanoparticles were also discussed.
Urology Clinic, Gazi Hospital, Samsun, Turkey. Electronic address: mulubay61@hotmail.com.
Mahmut
M
Ulubay
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
Kıymet Kübra
KK
Yurt
Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
Arife Ahsen
AA
Kaplan
Urology Clinic, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal
MK
Atilla
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004008:Diclofenac
Cyclooxygenase; Diclofenac sodium; Nanoparticles; Urology