Improvement of the omega 3 index of healthy subjects does not alter the effects of dietary saturated fats or n-6PUFA on LDL profiles.
OBJECTIVE
Dietary fat composition is known to modulate circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels. Although supplementation with long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) has been shown to reduce plasma triglyceride levels, the effect of the interactions between LCn-3PUFA and the major dietary fats consumed has not been previously investigated.


METHODS
In a randomized controlled parallel design clinical intervention, we examined the effect of diets rich in either saturated fatty acids (SFA) or omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) on plasma lipid levels and lipoprotein profiles (lipoprotein size, concentration and distribution in subclasses) in subjects with an adequate omega 3 index. Twenty six healthy subjects went through a four-week pre-supplementation period with LCn-3PUFA and were then randomized to diets rich in either n-6PUFA or SFA both supplemented with LCn-3PUFA.


RESULTS
The diet rich in n-6PUFA decreased low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentration (-8%, p=0.013) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) level (-8%, p=0.021), while the saturated fat rich diet did not affect LDL particle concentration or LDL-C levels significantly. Nevertheless, dietary saturated fatty acids increased LCn-3PUFA in plasma and tissue lipids compared with n-6PUFA, potentially reducing other cardiovascular risk factors such as inflammation and clotting tendency.


CONCLUSIONS
Improvement on the omega 3 index of healthy subjects did not alter the known effects of dietary saturated fats and n-6PUFA on LDL profiles.
Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: cintia.dias@uon.edu.au.
Cintia B
CB
Dias
Metabolomics Platform, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Biosfer Teslab, Plaça Prim 10, 2on 5a, 43201 Reus, Spain. Electronic address: namigo@biosferteslab.com.
Núria
N
Amigó
Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: lisa.wood@newcastle.edu.au.
Lisa G
LG
Wood
Biosfer Teslab, Plaça Prim 10, 2on 5a, 43201 Reus, Spain. Electronic address: rmallol@biosferteslab.com.
Roger
R
Mallol
Metabolomics Platform, Rovira i Virgili University, IISPV, Avinguda Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: xavier.correig@urv.cat.
Xavier
X
Correig
Nutraceuticals Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia. Electronic address: manohar.garg@newcastle.edu.au.
Manohar L
ML
Garg
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D055815:Young Adult
D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Lipids; Lipoprotein profiles; Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; Saturated fatty acids