Molecular imaging to track Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms: New imaging frontiers.
Molecular imaging has proven to be a powerful tool for investigation of parkinsonian disorders. One current challenge is to identify biomarkers of early changes that may predict the clinical trajectory of parkinsonian disorders. Exciting new tracer developments hold the potential for in vivo markers of underlying pathology. Herein, we provide an overview of molecular imaging advances and how these approaches help us to understand PD and atypical parkinsonisms. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Div/Dept. Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Krembil Research Institute, UHN; Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Antonio P
AP
Strafella
University of Michigan & Veterans Administration Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Nicolaas I
NI
Bohnen
Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy & Occupational Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Joel S
JS
Perlmutter
Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
David
D
Eidelberg
Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre & Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing & Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
Nicola
N
Pavese
Multimodal Neuroimaging Group-Department of Nuclear Medicine Department of Neurology-University of Cologne, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Jülich Research Center, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany.
Thilo
T
Van Eimeren
Neurology Imaging Unit, Centre of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Campus, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
Paola
P
Piccini
Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Marios
M
Politis
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR, 5229, Lyon, France.
Stephane
S
Thobois
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Movement Disorders and Parkinson Center, University of Pisa, Italy.
Roberto
R
Ceravolo
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
Makoto
M
Higuchi
Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurology, University of Turku; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Valtteri
V
Kaasinen
Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Mario
M
Masellis
Movement Disorder and Parkinson's Disease Program, CEMIC University Hospital, Buenos, Aires, Argentina.
M Cecilia
MC
Peralta
Centro Integral de Neurociencias (CINAC), Hospitales Madrid Puerta del Sur & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
Ignacio
I
Obeso
Centro Integral de Neurociencias (CINAC), Hospitales Madrid Puerta del Sur & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
Jose Ángel
JÁ
Pineda-Pardo
Parkinson Institute, ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.
Roberto
R
Cilia
INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity & Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team, University Lyon, France.
Benedicte
B
Ballanger
Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA.
Martin
M
Niethammer
Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre & National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British, Columbia, Canada.
Jon A
JA
Stoessl
Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Div/Dept. Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Krembil Research Institute, UHN; Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
D006801:Humans; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*
FDG; PET; Parkinson's disease; acetylcholine; amyloid; atypical parkinsonism; dopamine; serotonin; tau