Fabrication of electrospun HPGL scaffolds via glycidyl methacrylate cross-linker: Morphology, mechanical and biological properties.
Electrospinning is a suitable method to produce scaffolds composed of nanoscale to microscale fibers, which are comparable to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPGL) is a highly biocompatible polyether polyol potentially useful for the design of fibrous scaffolds mimicking the ECM architecture. However, scaffolds developed from HPGL have poor mechanical properties and morphological stability in the aqueous environments required for tissue engineering applications. This work reports the production of stable electrospun HPGL scaffolds (EHPGLS) using glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as cross-linker to enhance the water stability and mechanical property of electrospun HPGL. The diameter and morphology of the produced EHPGLS were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that electrical fields in the range of 0.2kV·cm-1to 1.0kV·cm-1decrease the average fiber diameter of EHPGLS. The increase in porosity of EHPGLS with GMA concentration indicates the in situ formation of a heterogeneous structure resultant from the phase separation during crosslinking of HPGL by GMA. EHPGLS containing 20% (w/w) GMA concentration possessed highest tensile strength (295.4±11.32kPa), which is approximately 58 times higher than that of non-crosslinked EHPGLS (5.1±2.12kPa). The MTS cell viability results showed that the EHPGLS have no significant cytotoxicity effect on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that the cultured BALB/3T3 fibroblasts cells were able to keep contact each other's, thus forming a homogeneous monolayer on the internal surface of the EHPGLS.
Biotechnology Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Fernando José Costa
FJC
Baratéla
Biotechnology Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Av. Professor Lineu Prestes 2242, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Olga Zazuco
OZ
Higa
PostGraduate Program in Materials for Engineering, Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Av. BPS 1303, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.
Esdras Duarte
ED
Dos Passos
Physics and Chemistry Institute (IFQ), Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Av. BPS 1303, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil; High Voltage Laboratory (LAT-EFEI), Federal University of Itajubá (UNIFEI), Av. BPS 1303, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: alencar@unifei.edu.br.
Alvaro Antonio Alencar
AAA
de Queiroz
D016475:3T3 Cells; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry*; D055119:Elastic Modulus; D004560:Electricity; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D055595:Mechanical Phenomena; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D051379:Mice; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D054457:Tissue Scaffolds / Q000737:chemistry*
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D008689:Methacrylates; D011108:Polymers; C043941:polyglycerol; D005990:Glycerol; C007870:glycidyl methacrylate
Electrospinning; Electrospun scaffolds; Fibroblast cell; Hyperbranched polyglycerol; Tissue engineering