The role of particular ticks developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. 4. Anaplasmataceae
In Central European conditions, two species of Anaplasmataceae have epidemiological significance – Candidatus Neoehrlichia micurensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Tick Ixodes ricinus is considered as their main vector, wild mammals as the animal reservoir. There is presented the transstadial transmission in ticks, due to the lack of transovarial mode the circulation goes mainly between immature ticks and hosts; pathogen circulates primarily in the cycle: infected rodent → the tick larva → the nymph → the mammal reservoir → the larva of the tick. The tick stages able to effectively infect human are nymphs and adult females, males do not participate in the follow transmission. The summary of available data of different A. phagocytophilum strains associations with different hosts revealed at least few distinct enzootic cycle, concern the same ticks species and different mammal hosts. It is possible to reveal in Central Europe the existence of at least three different epidemiological transmission cycles of A. phagocytophilum. The first cycle involves strains pathogenic for human and identical strains from horses, dogs, cats, wild boars, hedgehogs, possibly red foxes. The second cycle involves deer, European bison and possibly domestic ruminants. The third cycle contains strains from voles, shrew and possibly Apodemus mice. In Western Europe voles might be involved in separate enzootic cycle with Ixodes trianguliceps as the vector.
W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
Grzegorz
G
Karbowiak
Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
Beata
B
Biernat
Department of Tropical Parasitology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Powstania Styczniowego 9B, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
Joanna
J
Stańczak
W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
Joanna
J
Werszko
W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
Piotr
P
Wróblewski
W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
Tomasz
T
Szewczyk
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Hubert
H
Sytykiewicz
D000710:Anaplasmataceae / Q000145:classification*; D000711:Anaplasmataceae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D017282:Tick-Borne Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000635:transmission; D013987:Ticks / Q000382:microbiology*