Clinical Review of Antidiabetic Drugs: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global pandemic, as evident from the global cartographic picture of diabetes by the International Diabetes Federation (http://www.diabetesatlas.org/). Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, progressive, incompletely understood metabolic condition chiefly characterized by hyperglycemia. Impaired insulin secretion, resistance to tissue actions of insulin, or a combination of both are thought to be the commonest reasons contributing to the pathophysiology of T2DM, a spectrum of disease originally arising from tissue insulin resistance and gradually progressing to a state characterized by complete loss of secretory activity of the beta cells of the pancreas. T2DM is a major contributor to the very large rise in the rate of non-communicable diseases affecting developed as well as developing nations. In this mini review, we endeavor to outline the current management principles, including the spectrum of medications that are currently used for pharmacologic management, for lowering the elevated blood glucose in T2DM.
GIM Foundation , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Arun
A
Chaudhury
GIM Foundation, Little Rock, AR, USA; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA.
Chitharanjan
C
Duvoor
Christus Trinity Mother Frances Hospital , Tyler, TX , USA.
Vijaya Sena
VS
Reddy Dendi
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Shashank
S
Kraleti
GIM Foundation, Little Rock, AR, USA; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA.
Aditya
A
Chada
GIM Foundation, Little Rock, AR, USA; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, USA.
Rahul
R
Ravilla
GIM Foundation, Little Rock, AR, USA; University of Arkansas for Little Rock (UALR), Little Rock, AR, USA.
Asween
A
Marco
GIM Foundation, Little Rock, AR, USA; Tutwiler Clinic, Tutwiler, MS, USA.
Nawal Singh
NS
Shekhawat
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Maria Theresa
MT
Montales
Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN , USA.
Kevin
K
Kuriakose
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS) , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Appalanaidu
A
Sasapu
Arkansas Department of Health , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Alexandria
A
Beebe
Arkansas Department of Health , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Naveen
N
Patil
St. Vincent Infirmary , Little Rock, AR , USA.
Chaitanya K
CK
Musham
Baptist Hospital SpringHill , North Little Rock, AR , USA.
Govinda Prasad
GP
Lohani
The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education , Scranton, PA , USA.
Wasique
W
Mirza
chronic; clinical management; diabetes; insulin; primary care