Extracellular matrix proteins in healthy and retained placentas, comparing hemochorial and synepitheliochorial placentas.
The placenta expresses structural and biologically active proteins. Their synthesis is mainly regulated by genomic or nongenomic signals and modulated by hormones. These protein profiles are altered during different stages of pregnancy. The biological properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were defined and described in a number of tissues including placenta. These properties enable them to be the main players in the processes of attachment or invasion into the endometrium during initial placenta formation and its timely separation after delivery and detachment. In this review, we focused on the role of ECM proteins during attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall, its timely separation, and the implications of this process on retained or pathologically attached placenta. Although the amount of published information in this area is relatively scant, some of the key proteins and processes are well defined. We focused on the available data detailing the ECM protein profiles of human (histologically thin; hemochorial) and bovine (histologically thick; epitheliochorial) placentas and compared the shared and unique ECM proteins that are relevant to placental attachment and separation.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland. Electronic address: monika.franczyk@up.lublin.pl.
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Franczyk
Clinic for Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland. Electronic address: mlopucki@wp.pl.
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Lopucki
Ist Clinic for Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University, 20-081 Lublin, Staszica 16, Poland. Electronic address: norberts2@wp.pl.
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Stachowicz
Unit for Gynecology and Obstetrics with Pathology of Pregnancy, City Hospital in Swidnik, Al. Lotników Polskich 18, 21-040 Świdnik, Poland.
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Morawska
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Akademicka 12, Poland. Electronic address: marta.kankofer@up.lublin.pl.
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Kankofer
D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000378:metabolism*; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy
D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Attachment; Hemochorial placenta; Protein profile; Retained placenta; Synepitheliochorial placenta