β-Propeller phytases: Diversity, catalytic attributes, current developments and potential biotechnological applications.
Phytases are phosphatases which stepwise remove phosphates from phytic acid or its salts. β-Propeller phytase (BPPhy) belongs to a special class of microbial phytases that is regarded as most diverse, isolated and characterized from different microbes, mainly from Bacillus spp. BPPhy class is unique for its Ca2+-dependent catalytic activity, strict substrate specificity, active at neutral to alkaline pH and high thermostability. Numerous sequence and structure based studies have revealed unique attributes and catalytic properties of this class, as compared to other classes of phytases. Recent studies including cloning and expression and genetic engineering approaches have led to improvements in BPPhy which provide an opportunity for extended utilization of this class of phytases in improving animal nutrition, human health, plant growth promotion, and environmental protection, etc. This review describes the sources and diversity of BPPhy genes, biochemical properties, Ca2+dependence, current developments in structural elucidation, heterogeneous expression and catalytic improvements, and multifarious applications of BPPhy.
Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India. Electronic address: sangwan.vinod@yahoo.com.
Vinod
V
Kumar
Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
Ajar Nath
AN
Yadav
Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
Priyanka
P
Verma
Department of Biochemistry, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
Punesh
P
Sangwan
Department of Biotechnology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
Abhishake
A
Saxena
Department of Food Technology, Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India.
Krishan
K
Kumar
Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India.
Bijender
B
Singh
D010832:6-Phytase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology; D001709:Biotechnology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
D010833:Phytic Acid; D010832:6-Phytase; D002118:Calcium
Ca(2+)-dependent; Catalytic attributes; In silico analysis; Micronutrients; Monogastric; Nutrition; Phytase; Phytic acid; Plant growth promotion; Probiotics; β-Propeller phytases