Optical coherence tomography angiography of macular telangiectasia type 1: Comparison with mild diabetic macular edema.
The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of macular telangiectasia type 1 (Mac tel type 1) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and compare them with the characteristics of mild diabetic macular edema (DME), to provide a new objective method for quick clinical diagnosis and treatment.



A retrospective comparative analysis of 9 Mac tel type 1, 15 DME, and 15 normal eyes was performed using fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and OCTA. The morphological changes, retinal vessel density, and nonperfused areas were evaluated using split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography algorithm.



OCTA revealed obvious saccular capillary telangiectasia and loss of parafoveal vascular density of Mac tel type 1. However, a number of line segment hyperreflective signals around the macula and more distinct nonperfusion in DME were observed. The quantitative foveal avascular zone mean area in Mac tel type 1 was larger than that in the normal eyes (0.40 ± 0.06 mm2vs. 0.88 ± 0.19 mm2, P < 0.001). However, the area in DME (1.52 ± 0.38 mm2) was larger than that in Mac tel type 1 (P < 0.001), and the foveal zone area in DME (1.127 ± 0.05 mm2) was also lager than it in Mac tel (P < 0.05). The vascular density of the superficial layer reduced in both Mac tel type 1 and DME (compared with normal eyes). The difference between Mac tel type 1 (49.56 ± 5.23)% and DME(44.58 ± 3.82)% was significant in the superficial capillary layer (P < 0.01). The vascular density of the retinal deep layer also reduced in both Mac tel type 1 and DME (compared with normal eyes). The difference between Mac tel type 1 (53.78 ± 7.36)% and DME (53.64 ± 4.96)% was no significant in this layer (P > 0.05).



Morphological differences between Mac tel 1 and DME can be observed on OCTA. Superficial vascular density and non-perfusion area may serve as a quantitative method to identify them. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:225-232, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200080.
Lei
L
Mao
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200080.
Si-Si
SS
Weng
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200080.
Yuan-Yuan
YY
Gong
Su-Qin
SQ
Yu
D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D058456:Retinal Telangiectasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*; D014792:Visual Acuity
OCT angiography; macular telangiectasia type 1; mild diabetic macular edema; split-spectrum amplitude-decorrelation angiography; vascular density