Management of obstetric postpartum hemorrhage: a national service evaluation of current practice in the UK.
BACKGROUND
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) continues to be one of the major causes of maternal mortality and morbidity in obstetrics. Variations in practice often lead to adverse maternity outcomes following PPH. Our objective was to assess the current practice in managing PPH in the UK.


METHODS
We performed a national multicenter prospective service evaluation study over one calendar month and compared the current performance to national standards for managing PPH. We used a standardized data collection tool and collected data on patients' demographics, incidence of PPH, estimated blood loss (EBL), prophylactic and treatment measures, onset of labor, and mode of delivery.


RESULTS
We collected data from 98 obstetric units, including 3663 cases of primary PPH. Fifty percent of cases were minor PPH (EBL 500-1000 mL, n=1900/3613, 52.6%) and the remaining were moderate PPH (EBL >1000 to <2000 mL, n=1424/3613, 39.4%) and severe PPH (EBL >2000 mL, n=289/3613, 8%). The majority of women received active management of the third stage of labor (3504/3613, 97%) most commonly with Syntometrine intramuscular (1479/3613, 40.9%). More than half required one additional uterotonic agent (2364/3613, 65.4%) most commonly with Syntocinon intravenous infusion (1155/2364, 48.8%). There was a poor involvement of consultant obstetricians and anesthetists in managing PPH cases, which was more prevalent when managing major PPH (p=0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
There are still variations in managing PPH in the UK against national guidelines. More senior doctor involvement and regular service evaluation are needed to improve maternal outcomes following PPH.
Women's Health Research Unit, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK.
Bassel H
BH
Al Wattar
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Jennifer A
JA
Tamblyn
Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
William
W
Parry-Smith
Division of Child Health, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Mathew
M
Prior
Academic Centre for Women's Health, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Helen
H
Van Der Nelson
collaborative; guideline; national; obstetric hemorrhage; postpartum; pregnancy; service evaluation