Oro-facial functions in experimental models of cerebral palsy: a systematic review.
Children who suffer from cerebral palsy (CP) often present comorbidities in the form of oro-facial dysfunctions. Studies in animals have contributed to elaborate potential therapies aimed at minimising the chronic disability of the syndrome. To systematically review the scientific literature regarding the possible effects that experimental models of CP can have on oro-facial functions. Two independent authors conducted a systematic review in the electronic databases Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and Lilacs, using Mesh and Decs terms in animal models. The motor and sensory parameters of sucking, chewing and swallowing were considered as primary outcomes; reactivity odour, controlled salivation, postural control, head mobility during feeding and the animal's ability to acquire food were secondary outcomes. Ten studies were included in the present review. Most studies used rabbits as experimental models of CP, which was induced by either hypoxia-ischemia, inflammation or intraventricular haemorrhage. Oro-facial functions were altered in all experimental models of CP. However, we found more modifications in hypoxia-ischemia models overall. On the other hand, the model of inflammation was more effective to reproduce higher damage for coordinating sucking and swallowing. All of the CP experimental models that were assessed modified the oral functions in different animal species. However, further studies should be conducted in order to clarify the mechanisms underlying oro-facial damage in order to optimise treatment strategies for children who suffer from CP.
Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Lacerda
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-0866
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Ferraz-Pereira
Post Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Bezerra de Morais
Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Costa-de-Santana
Facultad de Químico-Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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Quevedo
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Manhães-de-Castro
Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil.
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Toscano
D000818:Animals; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003679:Deglutition; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004435:Eating; D006801:Humans; D009128:Muscle Spasticity; D012472:Salivation
animal models; cerebral palsy; chewing; feeding behaviour; sucking; swallowing