Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
High rates of relapse following substance misuse treatment highlight an urgent need for effective therapies. Although the number of empirical studies investigating effects of mindfulness treatment for substance misuse has increased dramatically in recent years, few reviews have examined findings of mindfulness studies. Thus, this systematic review examined methodological characteristics and substantive findings of studies evaluating mindfulness treatments for substance misuse published by 2015. The review also includes the first meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness treatments for substance misuse. Comprehensive bibliographic searches in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, identified 42 pertinent studies. Meta-analytic results revealed significant small-to-large effects of mindfulness treatments in reducing the frequency and severity of substance misuse, intensity of craving for psychoactive substances, and severity of stress. Mindfulness treatments were also effective in increasing rates of posttreatment abstinence from cigarette smoking compared to alternative treatments. Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse is a promising intervention for substance misuse, although more research is needed examining the mechanisms by which mindfulness interventions exert their effects and the effectiveness of mindfulness treatments in diverse treatment settings.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, School of Social Work, 536 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. Electronic address: wanthony@ssw.rutgers.edu.
Wen
W
Li
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA. Electronic address: mohoward@email.unc.edu.
Matthew O
MO
Howard
University of Utah, College of Social Work, 395 South 1500 East #111, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. Electronic address: eric.garland@socwk.utah.edu.
Eric L
EL
Garland
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA. Electronic address: pamcgove@live.unc.edu.
Patricia
P
McGovern
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Social Work, 325 Pittsboro, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA. Electronic address: mjlazar@unc.edu.
Michael
M
Lazar
D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D006801:Humans; D064866:Mindfulness; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*
Addiction; Meta-analysis; Mindfulness intervention; Mindfulness treatment; Substance misuse; Systematic review