From Planar Cell Polarity to Ciliogenesis and Back: The Curious Tale of the PPE and CPLANE proteins.
Why some genes are more popular than others remains an open question, but one example of this phenomenon involves the genes controlling planar cell polarity (PCP), the polarization of cells within a plane of a tissue. Indeed, the so-called 'core' PCP genes such as dishevelled, frizzled, and prickle have been extensively studied both in animal models and by human genetics. By contrast, other genes that influence PCP signaling have received far less attention. Among the latter are inturned, fuzzy, and fritz, but recent work should bring these once obscure regulators into the limelight. We provide here a brief history of planar polarity effector (PPE) and CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector) proteins, discuss recent advances in understanding their molecular mechanisms of action, and describe their roles in human disease.
Departments of Biology and Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Paul N
PN
Adler
Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. Electronic address: Wallingford@austin.utexas.edu.
John B
JB
Wallingford
D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004194:Disease; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D038081:Organogenesis
D008565:Membrane Proteins