DNA barcoding as an aid for species identification in austral black flies (Insecta: Diptera: Simuliidae).
In this paper, the utility of a partial sequence of the COI gene, the DNA barcoding region, for the identification of species of black flies in the austral region was assessed. Twenty-eight morphospecies were analyzed: eight of the genus Austrosimulium (four species in the subgenus Austrosimulium s. str., three species in the subgenus Novaustrosimulium, and one species unassigned to subgenus), two of the genus Cnesia, eight of Gigantodax, three of Paracnephia, one of Paraustrosimulium, and six of Simulium (subgenera Morops, Nevermannia, and Pternaspatha). The neighbour-joining tree derived from the DNA barcode sequences grouped most specimens according to species or species groups recognized by morphotaxonomic studies. Intraspecific sequence divergences within morphologically distinct species ranged from 0% to 1.8%, while higher divergences (2%-4.2%) in certain species suggested the presence of cryptic diversity. The existence of well-defined groups within S. simile revealed the likely inclusion of cryptic diversity. DNA barcodes also showed that specimens identified as C. dissimilis, C. nr. pussilla, and C. ornata might be conspecific, suggesting possible synonymy. DNA barcoding combined with a sound morphotaxonomic framework would provide an effective approach for the identification of black flies in the region.
a Animal and Plant Health Agency, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK.
Luis M
LM
Hernández-Triana
b Program of Applied Studies for the Conservation of Nahuel Huapi National Park, Fagnano 244, CP 8400 Bariloche, Argentina.
Fernanda
F
Montes De Oca
c Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Sean W J
SW
Prosser
c Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Paul D N
PD
Hebert
d Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
T Ryan
TR
Gregory
e EOS Ecology, P.O. Box 4262, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
Shelley
S
McMurtrie
D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D001315:Australia; D002677:Chile; D058893:DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic / Q000379:methods*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009520:New Zealand; D010802:Phylogeny; D058974:Phylogeography; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
D019476:Insect Proteins; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV
Argentina; Argentine; Australia; Australie; DNA barcoding; New Zealand; Nouvelle-Zélande; Simuliidae; black flies; codage à barres de l’ADN; mouches noires