Semipurified Ethyl Acetate Partition of Methanolic Extract ofMelastoma malabathricumLeaves Exerts Gastroprotective Activity Partly via Its Antioxidant-Antisecretory-Anti-Inflammatory Action and Synergistic Action of Several Flavonoid-Based Compounds.
Recent study has demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of crude methanolic extract ofM. malabathricumleaves. The present study evaluated the gastroprotective potential of semipurified extracts (partitions): petroleum ether, ethyl acetate (EAMM), and aqueous obtained from the methanolic extract followed by the elucidation of the gastroprotective mechanisms of the most effective partition. Using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer assay, all partitions exerted significant gastroprotection, with EAMM being the most effective partition. EAMM significantly (i) reduced the volume and acidity (free and total) while increasing the pH of gastric juice and enhanced the gastric wall mucus secretion when assessed using the pylorus ligation assay, (ii) increased the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of the stomach tissue, (iii) lost its gastroprotective activity following pretreatment with N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; NO blocker) or carbenoxolone (CBXN; NP-SH blocker), (iv) exerted antioxidant activity against various in vitro oxidation assays, and (v) showed moderate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity via the LOX-modulated pathway. In conclusion, EAMM exerts a remarkable NO/NP-SH-dependent gastroprotective effect that is attributed to its antisecretory and antioxidant activities, ability to stimulate the gastric mucus production and endogenous antioxidant system, and synergistic action of several gastroprotective-induced flavonoids.
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Noor Wahida
NW
Ismail Suhaimy
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Ahmad Khusairi
AK
Noor Azmi
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Norhafizah
N
Mohtarrudin
Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Maizatul Hasyima
0000-0002-4386-412X
MH
Omar
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Siti Farah Md
0000-0002-4772-1062
SF
Tohid
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Manraj Singh
MS
Cheema
Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 7, FF3 Building, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Lay Kek
0000-0002-9117-9880
LK
Teh
Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 7, FF3 Building, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Zaki
0000-0001-9882-0661
MZ
Salleh
Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Level 7, FF3 Building, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
Zainul Amiruddin
0000-0001-5525-7821
ZA
Zakaria
D000085:Acetates; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D035322:Melastomataceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
D000085:Acetates; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; C007650:ethyl acetate