Chelator-Free Radiolabeling of Nanographene: Breaking the Stereotype of Chelation.
Macrocyclic chelators have been widely employed in the realm of nanoparticle-based positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, whereas its accuracy remains questionable. Here, we found that64Cu can be intrinsically labeled onto nanographene based on interactions between Cu and the π electrons of graphene without the need of chelator conjugation, providing a promising alternative radiolabeling approach that maintains the native in vivo pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles. Due to abundant π bonds, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) exhibited significantly higher labeling efficiency in comparison with graphene oxide (GO) and exhibited excellent radiostability in vivo. More importantly, nonspecific attachment of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (NOTA) on nanographene was observed, which revealed that chelator-mediated nanoparticle-based PET imaging has its inherent drawbacks and can possibly lead to erroneous imaging results in vivo.
Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Sixiang
S
Shi
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Cheng
C
Xu
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials and Devices, Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Renai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
Kai
K
Yang
Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Shreya
S
Goel
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Hector F
HF
Valdovinos
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Haiming
H
Luo
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Emily B
EB
Ehlerding
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Christopher G
CG
England
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials and Devices, Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Renai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
Liang
L
Cheng
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Feng
F
Chen
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
Robert J
RJ
Nickles
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based, Functional Materials and Devices, Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Renai Rd, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
Zhuang
Z
Liu
Materials Science Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1509 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.|Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.|Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.|University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
Weibo
W
Cai
D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006108:Graphite / Q000737:chemistry*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D051379:Mice; D053758:Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography
D002614:Chelating Agents; D003301:Copper Radioisotopes; D006108:Graphite; D003300:Copper
graphene; imaging agents; nanoparticles; positron emission tomography; radiolabeling