Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Interacting Kinases 1 and 2 (MNK1 and MNK2) as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Recent Progress in the Development of MNK Inhibitors.
MAP kinase-interacting kinases (MNK1 and MNK2) are often activated downstream of ERK and p38 MAPK in the MAP kinase family. The role of MNKs in the development and progression of solid tumors and hematological malignancies has been widely discussed, particularly in the context of cap dependent translation, regulated by phosphorylation of eIF4E. MNK/eIF4E axis is involved in the expression of pro angiogenic, antiapoptotic, cell cycle, and motility proteins, such as MCL1, VEGF, MMP3, SNAIL, SMAD2, β-catenin or cyclin D1, and is essential during Ras and c Myc-induced transformation. MNK1/2 emerged as eligible targets for drug discovery in oncology, based on the antitumor effects observed in genetic knockout and RNA interference experiments and at the same time lack of adverse effects in dual knockout animals. There is a high interest in the development of pharmacological inhibitors of MNK1/2 as not only tools for further basic research studies but also potential drugs in diseases characterized by deregulated translation. Unfortunately, the role of MNK1/2 in cancer still remains elusive due to the absence of potent and selective probes. Moreover, in many instances, hypotheses have been built reliant upon unspecific MNK1/2 inhibitors such as CGP57380 or cercosporamide. Lately, the first two clinical programs targeting MNKs in oncology have been revealed (eFT508 and BAY 1143269), although several other MNK programs are currently running at the preclinical stage. This review aims to provide an overview of recent progress in the development of MNK inhibitors.
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Agnieszka
A
Dreas
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Maciej
M
Mikulski
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Mariusz
M
Milik
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Charles-Henry
CH
Fabritius
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Krzysztof
K
Brzózka
Selvita S.A. Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków. Poland.
Tomasz
T
Rzymski
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D015398:Signal Transduction
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C581634:BCR-ABL1 fusion protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C491395:MKNK1 protein, human; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; C486342:MKNK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
MNK1 MNK2; Protein kinase; cancer; drug discovery; eIF4E phosphorylation; kinase inhibitors; small molecule