Covalent functionalization of polyhedral graphitic particles synthesized by arc discharge from graphite.
Carbon materials including carbon nanoparticles, such as nanographite, graphene and graphenic materials, and carbon nanotubes are known to be highly hydrophobic. Oxidation treatments are widely used as the best methods to improve their affinity in a liquid medium or a polymer matrix so that they can be dispersed, handled and processed. Here, we have applied eight different oxidation treatments in order to graft oxygen-containing functional groups at the surface of polyhedral graphitic particles synthesized by arc discharge from graphite, also called astralenes. The used functionalization approaches include both standard chemical attack by strong oxidants and radical functionalization of the sp2network by direct C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond opening. Commonly efficient functionalization methods were unsuccessful to functionalize astralenes while radicals generated from arylhydrazine could lead to functionalization of the outer surface of astralenes. The occurrence of functionalization could be shown by TGA coupled with MS and XPS. The reported method represents the first example of functionalization of astralenes. The efficiency of the applied functionalization methods is discussed considering the chemical reactivity of different carbon nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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Voss
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-0121
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Vigolo
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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Medjahdi
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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Hérold
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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Marêché
Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS-Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. Brigitte.Vigolo@univ-lorraine.fr.
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Ghanbaja
ICube - Equipe Matériaux pour Composants Electroniques et Photovoltaiques (MaCEPV) (ICube), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, UMR N 7357, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Le Normand
Laboratoire SRSMC UMR CNRS 7565, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8996-7880
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Mamane