Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing inAedes aegyptimosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity.
Aedesaegyptihas 2 genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). We analyzedXDH1andXDH2gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR in tissues from sugar- and blood-fed females. DifferentialXDH1andXDH2gene expression was observed in tissues dissected throughout a time course. We next exposed females to blood meals supplemented with allopurinol, a well-characterized XDH inhibitor. We also tested the effects of injecting double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) against XDH1, XDH2, or both. Disruption of XDH by allopurinol or XDH1 by RNA interference significantly affected mosquito survival, causing a disruption in blood digestion, excretion, oviposition, and reproduction. XDH1-deficient mosquitoes showed a persistence of serine proteases in the midgut at 48 h after blood feeding and a reduction in the uptake of vitellogenin by the ovaries. Surprisingly, analysis of the fat body from dsRNA-XDH1-injected mosquitoes fell into 2 groups: one group was characterized by a reduction of the XDH1 transcript, whereas the other group was characterized by an up-regulation of several transcripts, including XDH1, glutamine synthetase, alanine aminotransferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ornithine decarboxylase, glutamate receptor, and ammonia transporter. Our data demonstrate that XDH1 plays an essential role and that XDH1 has the potential to be used as a metabolic target forAe.aegyptivector control.-Isoe, J., Petchampai, N., Isoe, Y. E., Co, K., Mazzalupo, S., Scaraffia, P. Y. Xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing inAedes aegyptimosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Jun
J
Isoe
Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Natthida
N
Petchampai
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Yurika E
YE
Isoe
Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Katrina
K
Co
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Stacy
S
Mazzalupo
Department of Tropical Medicine, Vector-Borne Infectious Disease Research Center, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; pscaraff@tulane.edu.
Patricia Y
PY
Scaraffia
D000330:Aedes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D020868:Gene Silencing; D009032:Mosquito Control; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010058:Oviposition / Q000187:drug effects; D010063:Ovum; D013395:Sucrose; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D013395:Sucrose; D000493:Allopurinol; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D009584:Nitrogen
ammonia; antioxidant genes; gene silencing; metabolic target