Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval in Immunohistochemistry: Mechanisms and Applications.
Heat-induced antigen retrieval (HIAR) is an essential technique for current immunohistochemistry. We describe the mechanisms of HIAR and its protocols for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens and frozen sections, which are the most popular materials for immunohistochemistry using light microscopy. In addition, we describe the antigen retrieval method for highly masked epitopes and double immunostaining using the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibody method and immunofluorescence method in this chapter.
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan. shuji@z5.keio.jp.
Shuji
S
Yamashita
Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 228-8555, Japan.
Osamu
O
Katsumata
D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006358:Hot Temperature; D018796:Immunoconjugates; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence
D000941:Antigens; D000939:Epitopes; D018796:Immunoconjugates
Double immunostaining; Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues; Frozen tissues; HRP-labeled antibody method; Heat-induced antigen retrieval; Highly masked epitopes; Immunofluorescence method