Allergic asthma: an overview of metabolomic strategies leading to the identification of biomarkers in the field.
Allergic asthma is a prominent disease especially during childhood. Indoor allergens, in general, and particularly house dust mites (HDM) are the most prevalent sensitizers associated with allergic asthma. Available data show that 65-130 million people are mite-sensitized world-wide and as many as 50% of these are asthmatic. In fact, sensitization to HDM in the first years of life can produce devastating effects on pulmonary function leading to asthmatic syndromes that can be fatal. To date, there has been considerable research into the pathological pathways and structural changes associated with allergic asthma. However, limitations related to the disease heterogeneity and a lack of knowledge into its pathophysiology have impeded the generation of valuable data needed to appropriately phenotype patients and, subsequently, treat this disease. Here, we report a systematic and integral analysis of the disease, from airway remodelling to the immune response taking place throughout the disease stages. We present an overview of metabolomics, the management of complex multifactorial diseases through the analysis of all possible metabolites in a biological sample, obtaining a global interpretation of biological systems. Special interest is placed on the challenges to obtain biological samples and the methodological aspects to acquire relevant information, focusing on the identification of novel biomarkers associated with specific phenotypes of allergic asthma. We also present an overview of the metabolites cited in the literature, which have been related to inflammation and immune response in asthma and other allergy-related diseases.
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Villaseñor
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Rosace
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.|Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Obeso
Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.|Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-Gordo
Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Chivato
Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Barbas
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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Barber
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.|Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, CEU San Pablo University, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain.
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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-5150
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Escribese
D056151:Airway Remodeling; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007107:Immune System / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D055442:Metabolome; D055432:Metabolomics / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology
D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D015415:Biomarkers