Recent advances in plant-mediated engineered gold nanoparticles and their application in biological system.
For biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles different parts of a plant are used as they contain metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alcohols, sugars and proteins which act as reducing agents to produce nanoparticles. They also act as capping agent and stabilizer for them. They are used in medicine, agriculture and many other technologies. The attention is therefore focussed on all plant species which have either aroma or colour in their leaves, flowers or roots for the synthesis of nanoparticles because they all contain such chemicals which reduce the metal ions to metal nanoparticles. The size and morphology of gold nanoparticles is dependent on the biogenic-synthetic route, incubation time, temperature, concentration and pH of the solution. In this review, we have discussed the latest developments for the fabrication of gold nanoparticles from herbal extract, their characterization by UV-vis., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and Zeta Potential techniques. Their application in drug delivery, cancer treatment, catalysis and as antimicrobial agent has also been discussed.
Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Khwaja Salahuddin
KS
Siddiqi
Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box #196, Gondar, Ethiopia. Electronic address: adroot92@yahoo.co.in.
Azamal
A
Husen
D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002384:Catalysis; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006046:Gold / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D006046:Gold
Anticancer; Gold nanoparticles; Green synthesis; Plant extract; Reaction mechanism