Mouse Liver Sinusoidal Endothelium Eliminates HIV-Like Particles from Blood at a Rate of 100 Million per Minute by a Second-Order Kinetic Process.
We crafted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-like particles of diameter about 140 nm, which expressed two major HIV-1 proteins, namely,envandgaggene products, and used this reagent to simulate the rate of decay of HIV from the blood stream of BALB/c male mice. We found that most (~90%) of the particles were eliminated (cleared) from the blood by the liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), the remainder from Kupffer cells; suggesting that LSECs are the major liver scavengers for HIV clearance from blood. Decay was rapid with kinetics suggesting second order with respect to particles, which infers dimerization of a putative receptor on LSEC. The number of HIV-like particles required for saturating the clearance mechanism was approximated. The capacity for elimination of blood-borne HIV-like particles by the sinusoid was 112 million particles per minute. Assuming that the sinusoid endothelial cells were about the size of glass-adherent macrophages, then elimination capacity was more than 540 particles per hour per endothelial cell.
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Jessica M
JM
Mates
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Zhili
Z
Yao
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Alana M
AM
Cheplowitz
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Ozan
O
Suer
Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Gary S
GS
Phillips
Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Jesse J
JJ
Kwiek
Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Murugesan V S
MV
Rajaram
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University , Boston, MA , USA.
Jonghan
J
Kim
Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
John M
JM
Robinson
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Latha P
LP
Ganesan
Departments of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH , USA.
Clark L
CL
Anderson
Kupffer cell; clearance; endocytosis; liver sinusoidal endothelial cell; pinocytosis