Triploid Production from Interspecific Crosses of Two Diploid PerennialHelianthuswith Diploid Cultivated Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.).
WildHelianthusspecies are a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated sunflower. We report the discovery and characterization of a unique high frequency production of triploids when cultivated sunflower was pollinated by specific accessions of diploidHelianthus nuttalliiT. & G. andH. maximilianiSchr. Genomicin situhybridization (GISH) analyses indicated that the triploid F1s had two genomes from the wild pollen sources and one from the cultivated line. Mitotic chromosome analyses indicated that the frequency of triploid progenies from the crosses of cultivated lines ×H. nuttalliiaccession 102 (N102) was significantly higher than those of unexpected polyploid progenies from the crosses of wild perennial species × N102, and no unexpected polyploids were obtained from the reverse crosses. Pollen stainability analysis suggested the existence of a low percentage of unreduced (2n) male gametes in some accessions, especially N102 andH. maximilianiaccession 1113 (M1113), which were generated at the telophase II and tetrad stages of meiosis. The triploid F1s could be the results of preferred fertilization of the low frequency of 2nmale gametes with the female gametes of the cultivated sunflower, due to the dosage factors related to recognition and rejection of foreign pollen during fertilization. The triploids have been used to produce amphiploids and aneuploids. Future studies of the male gametes' fate from pollination through fertilization will further uncover the mechanism of this whole genome transmission. Studies of the genetic control of this trait will facilitate research on sunflower polyploidy speciation and evolution, and the utilization of this trait in sunflower breeding.
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108 zhao.liu@ndsu.edu chaochien.jan@gmail.com.
Zhao
Z
Liu
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota 58102.
Gerald J
GJ
Seiler
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota 58102.
Thomas J
TJ
Gulya
Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007.
Jiuhuan
J
Feng
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, Manitoba R6M 1Y5, Canada.
Khalid Y
KY
Rashid
Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108.
Xiwen
X
Cai
United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Northern Crop Science Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota 58102 zhao.liu@ndsu.edu chaochien.jan@gmail.com.
Chao-Chien
CC
Jan
D000782:Aneuploidy; D032461:Chromosomes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004171:Diploidy; D060146:Ecotype; D006368:Helianthus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007178:Inbreeding; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics; D051479:Plant Infertility / Q000235:genetics; D011058:Pollen / Q000235:genetics; D054817:Pollination / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity; D057885:Triploidy
Helianthus; genomic in situ hybridization (GISH); meiotic analysis; mitotic analysis; triploids