Toward optical guidance during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations of pancreatic masses using single fiber reflectance spectroscopy: a feasibility study.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic masses suffer from sample errors and low-negative predictive values. Fiber-optic spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared wavelength spectrum can noninvasively extract physiological parameters from tissue and has the potential to guide the sampling process and reduce sample errors. We assessed the feasibility of single fiber (SF) reflectance spectroscopy measurements during EUS-FNA of pancreatic masses and its ability to distinguish benign from malignant pancreatic tissue. A single optical fiber was placed inside a 19-gauge biopsy needle during EUS-FNA and at least three reflectance measurements were taken prior to FNA. Spectroscopy measurements did not cause any related adverse events and prolonged procedure time with ? 5 ?? min . An accurate correlation between spectroscopy measurements and cytology could be made in nine patients (three benign and six malignant). The oxygen saturation and bilirubin concentration were significantly higher in benign tissue compared with malignant tissue (55% versus 21%, p = 0.038 ; 166 ?? ? mol / L versus 17 ?? ? mol / L , p = 0.039 , respectively). To conclude, incorporation of SF spectroscopy during EUS-FNA was feasible, safe, and relatively quick to perform. The optical properties of benign and malignant pancreatic tissue are different, implying that SF spectroscopy can potentially guide the FNA sampling.
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The NetherlandsbLeiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Paulien L
PL
Stegehuis
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Leonora S F
LS
Boogerd
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Akin
A
Inderson
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Roeland A
RA
Veenendaal
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
P
P
van Gerven
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Bert A
BA
Bonsing
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
J
J
Sven Mieog
Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Department of Optics, Delft, The Netherlands.
Arjen
A
Amelink
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Maud
M
Veselic
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Hans
H
Morreau
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Cornelis J H
CJ
van de Velde
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Boudewijn P F
BP
Lelieveldt
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Jouke
J
Dijkstra
Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Dominic J
DJ
Robinson
Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Alexander L
AL
Vahrmeijer
D061765:Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation*