Sport- and sample-specific features of trace elements in adolescent female field hockey players and fencers.
Active physical exercises and growth are associated with mineral imbalances in young athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sport-related factors on tissue mineral status in adolescent female athletes. Saliva and hair samples were used for the analysis of immediate and more permanent tissue mineral status, respectively. Samples taken from a control non-athletic female group and two groups of female athletes (field hockey and fencing) were analyzed for seven essential minerals: calcium, chromium, iron, potassium, magnesium, selenium and zinc. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used for the quantification of elements having very low concentration range in samples (Se, Cr and Zn) whereas inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was used for quantification of more ubiquitous elements (Mg, К, Са, Fe). The obtained results for athletic groups were compared with control. Female athletes had increased levels of selenium in both saliva and hair as well as chromium in saliva. Field hockey players had the higher level of zinc in hair whereas fencers had the lower levels of salivary calcium. Strong negative correlation between potassium levels in saliva and hair was identified. Iron and magnesium did not differ between the studied groups. In conclusion, novel sport-specific features of chromium tissue levels in female athletes were found. The studied sport disciplines have different impact on the distribution of osteoporosis-related minerals (calcium and zinc). Our finding can help in the development of osteoporosis preventive trainings and in the proper nutrient supplementation to correct mineral imbalances in female athletes.
Science Center, Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 33 Universiade Village, Kazan, 420138, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012 Russia.
Alexey A
AA
Nabatov
Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012 Russia.
Natalya A
NA
Troegubova
State enterprise "Research Institute Geolnerud", 4 Zinina str., Kazan, 420097, Russia.
Ruslan R
RR
Gilmutdinov
Federal Scientific Clinical Center for Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, 5 B. Dorogomilovskaya str., Moscow, 123182, Russia.
Andrey P
AP
Sereda
Burnazyan Federal Medical Center of Biophysics, 46/8 Zhivopisnaya str., Moscow, 123182, Russia.
Alexander S
AS
Samoilov
Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova str., Kazan, 420012 Russia. Electronic address: rilovanv@mail.ru.
Natalya V
NV
Rylova
D000293:Adolescent; D056352:Athletes; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry; D006688:Hockey; D006801:Humans; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis*
D014131:Trace Elements
Female athletes; Growth; Physical exercises; Trace elements