Assessment of Residents Readiness to Perform Lumbar Puncture: A Validation Study.
BACKGROUND
Lumbar puncture is a common procedure in many specialties. The procedure serves to diagnose life-threatening conditions, often requiring rapid performance. However, junior doctors possess uncertainties regarding performing the procedure and frequently perform below expectations. Hence, proper training and assessment of performance is crucial before entering clinical practice.


OBJECTIVE
To develop and collect validity evidence for an assessment tool for lumbar puncture performance, including a standard to determine when trainees are ready for clinical practice.


METHODS
Development of a new tool, based on clinician interviews and a literature review, was followed by an explorative study to gather validity evidence.
We interviewed 12 clinicians from different specialties. The assessment tool was used to assess 11 doctors at the advanced beginners' level and 18 novices performing the procedure in a simulated, ward-like setting with a standardized patient. Procedural performance was assessed by three content experts. We used generalizability theory to explore reliability. The discriminative ability of the tool was explored by comparing performance scores between the two groups. The contrasting groups method was used to set a pass/fail standard and the consequences of this was explored.


RESULTS
The interviews identified that in addition to the technical aspects of the procedure, non-technical elements involving planning and conducting the procedure are important. Cronbach's alpha = 0.92, Generalizability-coefficient was 0.88 and a Decision-study found one rater was sufficient for low-stakes assessments (G-coefficient 0.71). The discriminative ability was confirmed by a significant difference between the mean scores of novices, 40.9 (SD 6.1) and of advanced beginners, 47.8 (SD 4.0), p = 0.004. A standard of 44.0 was established which was consistent with the raters' global judgments of pass/fail.


CONCLUSIONS
We developed and demonstrated strong validity evidence for the lumbar puncture assessment tool. The tool can be used to assess readiness for practice.
Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet section 5404, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. mikael.johannes.vuokko.henriksen@regionh.dk.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. mikael.johannes.vuokko.henriksen@regionh.dk.
Mikael Johannes Vuokko
MJV
Henriksen
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
Troels
T
Wienecke
Department of Neurology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
Helle
H
Thagesen
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Center for Head and Orthopedic/UFU 4231 Anesthesiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rikke Vita Borre
RVB
Jacobsen
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Department of Ophthalmology, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
Yousif
Y
Subhi
Centre for Health Science Education, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Charlotte
C
Ringsted
Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet section 5404, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.|Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Lars
L
Konge
D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*
medical education; medical education – clinical skills training; medical education-assessment/evaluation