French Version of the Hayling Sentence Completion Test, Part I: Normative Data and Guidelines for Error Scoring.
OBJECTIVE
The Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT) measures prepotent response inhibition, useful to assess inhibition deficit in a variety of clinical conditions. Despite its extensive use by numerous clinical and research groups in France, normative data for the HSCT are not yet available for French speakers.


METHODS
A French version of the HCST was administered to a sample of 426 healthy community-dwelling French speaking adults (20-87 years of age). Normative data were calculated using a regression-based approach.


RESULTS
Regression analyses indicated that both age and education were associated with response latency and number of errors in the inhibition condition. Equations to calculate Z scores are provided for clinical use. In addition, we provided a clear guideline for the error scoring of the inhibition condition by establishing a corpus of errors adjusted for the linguistic and cultural realities of the French population. Using this guideline, a good inter-rater reliability was observed. Because of the restricted ranges of response latency and number of errors in the automatic condition, the relationship between these scores and demographic factors was not explored. By consequence, no norms were proposed for this condition.


CONCLUSIONS
We provide normative data of a French version of the HSCT for adults and elderly patients. These normative data obtained will be extremely useful for clinical practice and research purposes.
Laboratoire Epsylon, EA 4556, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier , France.
Sophie
S
Bayard
Laboratoire Epsylon, EA 4556, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier , France.
Marie-Christine
MC
Gély-Nargeot
Laboratoire Epsylon, EA 4556, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France.|Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie Adulte, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Stéphane
S
Raffard
Clinique du Millénaire de Montpellier, Service de Neuro-Gériatrie, Montpellier cedex 02, France.|SIRIC, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM-Val d'Aurelle), Montpellier cedex 05, France.
Estelle
E
Guerdoux-Ninot
Centre de Gérontologie, Hôpital de Martigues, France.
Emmanuelle
E
Kamara
Pôle les Passerelles d'Ô, Montpellier, France.
Florent
F
Gros-Balthazard
Centre hospitalier du Val d'Ariège, Foix, France.
Jean-Pierre
JP
Jacus
Équipe "Neuropsychologie, Audition, Cognition, Action" (NACA), Laboratoire "Psychologie: Interactions, Temps, Emotions, Cognition" (PSITEC) EA 4072, Université Lille Nord de France, France.
Christine
C
Moroni
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D056344:Executive Function / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D055815:Young Adult
Executive functions; Hayling Sentence Completion Test; Inhibition; Norms/normative study