Adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with methylation changes in inflammation-related genes in peripheral blood cells.
Epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, might be modulated by environmental factors such as the diet, which in turn have been associated with the onset of several diseases such as obesity or cardiovascular events. Meanwhile, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated favourable effects on cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, inflammation and other complications related to excessive adiposity. Some of these effects could be mediated by epigenetic modifications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate whether the adherence to MedDiet is associated with changes in the methylation status from peripheral blood cells. A subset of 36 individuals was selected within the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)-Navarra study, a randomised, controlled, parallel trial with three groups of intervention in high cardiovascular risk volunteers, two with a MedDiet and one low-fat control group. Changes in methylation between baseline and 5 years were studied. DNA methylation arrays were analysed by several robust statistical tests and functional classifications. Eight genes related to inflammation and immunocompetence (EEF2, COL18A1, IL4I1, LEPR, PLAGL1, IFRD1, MAPKAPK2, PPARGC1B) were finally selected as changes in their methylation levels correlated with adherence to MedDiet and because they presented sensitivity related to a high variability in methylation changes. Additionally, EEF2 methylation levels positively correlated with concentrations of TNF-α and CRP. This report is apparently the first showing that adherence to MedDiet is associated with the methylation of the reported genes related to inflammation with a potential regulatory impact.
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
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Arpón
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.
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Riezu-Boj
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Milagro
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Marti
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
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Razquin
Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain.
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Martínez-González
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Corella
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Estruch
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Casas
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Reçerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.
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Fitó
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Ros
Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.|Human Nutrition Department, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Salas-Salvadó
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNa), Pamplona, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.|Madrid Institute of Advance Studies (IMDEA), IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain. jalfmtz@unav.es.
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Martínez
D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D059467:Transcriptome; D000074822:Treatment Adherence and Compliance; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
C439524:TNF protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
Adherence; DNA; Diet; Epigenetics; Mediterranean; Methylation