A questionnaire survey to assess lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with chronic stroke.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms and the associated clinical features in patients with chronic stroke.


METHODS
Patients with stroke who had been regularly followed up at general medical hospitals in Okinawa, Japan were enrolled in the study. The patients were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire regarding their physical activity, medical history, and the core lower urinary tract symptom score (CLSS) questionnaire, with anonymity. The association between each urinary disturbance category and the clinical characteristics of the patients such as age, gender, physical activity, and underlying disease was evaluated.


RESULTS
In total, 51 patients (33 men and 18 women; mean age, 71.7 years) were eligible for analysis. The average time after the first stroke onset was 8.5 years. Nocturia and urgency incontinence had the greatest impact on the quality of life. Overactive bladder symptoms such as nocturia, urgency, urgency incontinence, and stress urinary incontinence were associated with age, female sex, and having a co-existing medical condition (such as ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and depression). Voiding symptoms such as slow stream and straining were associated with age and physical activity after stroke.


CONCLUSIONS
Storage symptom is associated with not only neurological deficits but also sex and the presence of general diseases, whereas voiding symptom is influenced by physical activity in patients with chronic stroke. Therefore, lower urinary tract symptoms should be carefully monitored and physical rehabilitation should also be considered in patients with stroke.
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Minoru
M
Miyazato
Shuri Jokamachi Clinic Daiichi, Okinawa, Japan.
Takeshi
T
Tana
Shuri Jokamachi Clinic Daiichi, Okinawa, Japan.
Akira
A
Higa
Ginowan-kinen Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
Kiyoshi
K
Wakugami
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Takashi
T
Tokashiki
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Hirokuni
H
Sakima
Chuzan Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
Aiwa
A
Maehara
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Asuka
A
Ashikari
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Takuma
T
Oshiro
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nephrology and Neurology, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Yusuke
Y
Ohya
Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
Seiichi
S
Saito
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D059411:Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D053158:Nocturia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D053201:Urinary Bladder, Overactive / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology; D053202:Urinary Incontinence, Urge / Q000453:epidemiology
chronic stroke; incontinence; lower urinary tract symptoms; nocturia; physical activity