DNA adducts in marine fish as biological marker of genotoxicity in environmental monitoring: The way forward.
DNA adducts in fish represent a very important genotoxicity endpoint in environmental monitoring, being a pre-mutagenic lesion that plays an essential role in the initiation of carcinogenesis. The analysis of DNA adducts is a challenging task due to the low concentration of the analyte. Methods are available to determine the presence of DNA adducts, although further knowledge is required to fully understand the nature of the adducts and responsible xenobiotics (i.e. position of adduct in DNA, most active xenobiotic and metabolite forms, structural information). At present,32P-postlabeling is the most used method that has the required sensitivity for DNA adduct analyses in both human health and environmental monitoring. Development of new mass spectrometry based methods for identifying DNA adducts in complex matrixes is now considered as a necessary mission in toxicology in order to gain the necessary information regarding adduct formation and facilitate tracking sources of contamination. Mass spectrometry therefore represents the future of DNA adduct detection, bringing along a series of challenges that the scientific community is facing at present.
International Research Institute of Stavanger, Mekjarvik 12, NO-4070 Randaberg, Norway; Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway. Electronic address: dmp@iris.no.
Daniela M
DM
Pampanin
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway.
Steven J
SJ
Brooks
Institute of Marine Research, Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
Bjørn Einar
BE
Grøsvik
ADn'tox, Bâtiment Recherche, Centre François Baclesse 3, Avenue du Général Harris, 14076 Caen Cedex 5, France.
Jérémie
J
Le Goff
Institute of Marine Research, Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway.
Sonnich
S
Meier
Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
Magne O
MO
Sydnes
D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005399:Fishes / Q000502:physiology*; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D018736:DNA Adducts; D009153:Mutagens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
(32)P-postlabeling; DNA adducts; Environmental monitoring; Fish; Genotoxicity; Mass spectrometry; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons