Incidence of chronic kidney disease among people with diabetes: a systematic review of observational studies.
The aim was to systematically review published articles that reported the incidence of chronic kidney disease among people with diabetes.



A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases. The titles and abstracts of all publications identified by the search were reviewed and 10 047 studies were retrieved.



A total of 71 studies from 30 different countries with sample sizes ranging from 505 to 211 132 met the inclusion criteria. The annual incidence of microalbuminuria and albuminuria ranged from 1.3% to 3.8% for Type 1 diabetes. For Type 2 diabetes and studies combining both diabetes types, the range was from 3.8% to 12.7%, with four of six studies reporting annual rates between 7.4% and 8.6%. In studies reporting the incidence of eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2using the Modification of Diet on Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, apart from one study which reported an annual incidence of 8.9%, the annual incidence ranged from 1.9% to 4.3%. The annual incidence of end-stage renal disease ranged from 0.04% to 1.8%.



The annual incidence of microalbuminuria and albuminuria is ~ 2-3% in Type 1 diabetes, and ~ 8% in Type 2 diabetes or mixed diabetes type. The incidence of developing eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2is ~ 2-4% per year. Despite the wide variation in methods and study design, within a particular category of kidney disease, there was only modest variation in incidence rates. These findings may be useful in clinical settings to help understand the risk of developing kidney disease among those with diabetes.
Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
D N
DN
Koye
Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
J E
JE
Shaw
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.|School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
C M
CM
Reid
Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
R C
RC
Atkins
Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
A T
AT
Reutens
Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.|Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
D J
DJ
Magliano
D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D014943:Global Health; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D064887:Observational Studies as Topic; D051436:Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index