Anodically Grown Titania Nanotube Induced Cytotoxicity has Genotoxic Origins.
Nanoarchitectures of titania (TiO2) have been widely investigated for a number of medical applications including implants and drug delivery. Although titania is extensively used in the food, drug and cosmetic industries, biocompatibility of nanoscale titania is still under careful scrutiny due to the conflicting reports on its interaction with cellular matter. For an accurate insight, we performed in vitro studies on the response of human dermal fibroblast cells toward pristine titania nanotubes fabricated by anodic oxidation. The nanotubes at low concentrations were seen to induce toxicity to the cells, whereas at higher concentrations the cell vitality remained on par with controls. Further investigations revealed an increase in the G0phase cell population depicting that majority of cells were in the resting rather than active phase. Though the mitochondrial set-up did not exhibit any signs of stress, significantly enhanced reactive oxygen species production in the nuclear compartment was noted. The TiO2nanotubes were believed to have gained access to the nuclear machinery and caused increased stress leading to genotoxicity. This interesting property of the nanotubes could be utilized to kill cancer cells, especially if the nanotubes are functionalized for a specific target, thus eliminating the need for any chemotherapeutic agents.
Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585 Japan.
M Sheikh
MS
Mohamed
Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
Aida
A
Torabi
Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
Maggie
M
Paulose
Bio Nano Electronics Research Centre, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, Kawagoe, 350-8585 Japan.
D Sakthi
DS
Kumar
Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA.
Oomman K
OK
Varghese
D002460:Cell Line; D054697:Cytostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D016192:Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
D054697:Cytostatic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium