Job demands and decision control predicted return to work: the rapid-RTW cohort study.
In order to help workers with long-term sickness absence return to work (RTW), it is important to understand factors that either impede or facilitate employee's reintegration into the labour force. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the impact of psychological work characteristics on time-to first RTW in sick listed employees in Norway.



The study was designed as a cohort study of 543 employees participating in 50 different RTW programmes. The Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to gather information on the psychological work conditions. The participants were followed for up to 18 months after they started treatment in the RTW programme. Survival analyses were used to investigate the association between psychological work conditions and time-to first RTW.



Having high psychological job demands (HR = .654; 95% CI: .513-.832) and low decision control (HR = 1.297; 95% CI: 1.010-1.666) were both independent predictors of delayed RTW. Employees in low-strain jobs (low demands/high control) (HR = 1.811; 95% CI: 1.287-2.549) and passive jobs (low demands/low control) (HR = 1.599; 95% CI: 1.107-2.309), returned to work earlier compared to employees in high-strain jobs (high demands/low control). No difference was found for active jobs (high demands/high control).



This study revealed that high psychological demands, low control, and being in a high strain job reduced the probability of early RTW in sick listed employees. RTW programmes should therefore increase the focus on these issues.
Stavanger Innovation Park, Olav Hansenssvei 7A, 4021, Stavanger, Norway. lise.haveraaen@presenter.no.
Lise Aasen
LA
Haveraaen
Stavanger Innovation Park, Olav Hansenssvei 7A, 4021, Stavanger, Norway.|Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.
Lisebet Skeie
LS
Skarpaas
Stavanger Innovation Park, Olav Hansenssvei 7A, 4021, Stavanger, Norway.|Department of Health Studies, University of Stavanger, Postboks 8600 Forus, 4036, Stavanger, Norway.|Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College, Postboks 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
Randi Wågø
RW
Aas
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D004651:Employment / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D015279:Organizational Culture; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D062707:Return to Work / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018582:Sick Leave; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D055815:Young Adult
Decision control; Psychological job demands; Return to work; Sick leave; Sickness absence