Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness.
Arterial stiffness is associated with cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality. The present paper reviews the main vitamins related to arterial stiffness and enabling destiffening, their mechanisms of action, providing a brief description of the latest studies in the area, and their implications for primary cardiovascular prevention, clinical practice, and therapy. Despite inconsistent evidence for destiffening induced by vitamin supplementation in several randomized clinical trials, positive results were obtained in specific populations. The main mechanisms are related to antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (vitamins A, C, D, and E) and metabolic profile (vitamins A, B12, C, D, and K), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (vitamin D), anti-inflammatory (vitamins A, D, E, and K) and antioxidant effects (vitamins A, C, and E), decrease of homocysteine level (vitamin B12), and reversing calcification of arteries (vitamin K). Vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K status is important in evaluating cardiovascular risk, and vitamin supplementation may be an effective, individualized, and inexpensive destiffening therapy.
Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
Ioana
0000-0001-6353-7698
I
Mozos
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
Dana
0000-0002-0926-9511
D
Stoian
Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania.
Constantin Tudor
CT
Luca
D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D059289:Vascular Stiffness; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D014815:Vitamins