Schistosomiasis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Men in Tanzania.
AbstractSchistosomiasis is a parasitic worm infection that affects over 260 million individuals worldwide. Women with schistosome infections have been demonstrated to have a 4-fold increase in the odds of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared with women without schistosome infections. A relationship between schistosome and HIV infections has not been clearly defined in men. Among 674 men aged 18-50 years living in rural Tanzania, we identified 429 (63.6%) who had a schistosome infection as defined by serum positivity for schistosome circulating anodic antigen, visualization of parasite eggs in urine or stool, or both. HIV infection was identified in 38 (5.6%). The odds of HIV infection was 1.3 [95% confidence interval = 0.6-2.5] (P= 0.53) among men with any schistosome infection (Schistosoma haematobiumorSchistosoma mansoni), and it was 1.4 [0.6-3.3] (P= 0.43) among men withS. haematobiuminfection. Men withS. haematobiuminfection were significantly more likely to report the symptom of hemospermia than men withoutS. haematobiuminfection. We conclude that schistosome infections appear to have little to no association with HIV infection in men.
Department of Medicine, Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.|Department of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Jennifer A
JA
Downs
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Claudia J
CJ
de Dood
Department of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Hannah E
HE
Dee
Department of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Megan
M
McGeehan
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Hijab
H
Khan
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
Abena
A
Marenga
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Patrick E
PE
Adel
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Edward
E
Faustine
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Benson
B
Issarow
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Emmanuel F
EF
Kisanga
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Godfrey Alfred
GA
Kisigo
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Salvius
S
Ngahyolerwa
Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Frank
F
Zahoro
National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Donald
D
Miyaye
National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Ruth Gideon
RG
Magawa
National Institute for Medical Research-Mwanza Research Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania.
Julius
J
Mngara
Department of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Myung Hee
MH
Lee
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Paul L A M
PLAM
Corstjens
Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Govert J
GJ
van Dam
Department of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
Daniel W
DW
Fitzgerald
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012553:Schistosomiasis haematobia / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D055815:Young Adult