The importance of regulatory ubiquitination in cancer and metastasis.
Ubiquitination serves as a degradation mechanism of proteins, but is involved in additional cellular processes such as activation of NFκB inflammatory response and DNA damage repair. We highlight the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases and Deubiquitinases that support the metastasis of a plethora of cancers. E3 ubiquitin ligases also modulate pluripotent cancer stem cells attributed to chemotherapy resistance. We further describe mutations in E3 ubiquitin ligases that support tumor proliferation and adaptation to hypoxia. Thus, this review describes how tumors exploit members of the vast ubiquitin signaling pathways to support aberrant oncogenic signaling for survival and metastasis.
a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.
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Gallo
a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.
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a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.|b Moores UCSD Cancer Center , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.
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Donoghue
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D054875:Ubiquitination
D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
deubiquitinase; ligase; metastasis; ubiquitination