Temporal stability of multiple response systems to 7.5% carbon dioxide challenge.
Self-reported anxiety, and potentially physiological response, to maintained inhalation of carbon dioxide (CO2) enriched air shows promise as a putative marker of panic reactivity and vulnerability. Temporal stability of response systems during low-dose, steady-state CO2breathing challenge is lacking. Outcomes on multiple levels were measured two times, one week apart, in 93 individuals. Stability was highest during the CO2breathing phase compared to pre-CO2and recovery phases, with anxiety ratings, respiratory rate, skin conductance level, and heart rate demonstrating good to excellent temporal stability (ICCs≥0.71). Cognitive symptoms tied to panic were somewhat less stable (ICC=0.58) than physical symptoms (ICC=0.74) during CO2breathing. Escape/avoidance behaviors and DSM-5 panic attacks were not stable. Large effect sizes between task phases also were observed. Overall, results suggest good-excellent levels of temporal stability for multiple outcomes during respiratory stimulation via 7.5% CO2.
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States. Electronic address: roxann.robersonnay@vcuhealth.org.
Roxann
R
Roberson-Nay
University of Virginia, United States.
Eugenia I
EI
Gorlin
University of Virginia, United States.
Jessica R
JR
Beadel
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
Therese
T
Cash
Virginia Commonwealth University, United States.
Scott
S
Vrana
University of Virginia, United States.
Bethany A
BA
Teachman
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012119:Respiration; D056152:Respiratory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D055815:Young Adult
D002245:Carbon Dioxide
Carbon dioxide hypersensitivity; Heart rate; Panic attack; Panic risk; Panic symptoms; Reliability; Respiratory rate; Skin conductance; Subjective anxiety; Temporal stability