Melanoma Adjuvant Treatment: Current Insight and Clinical Features.
Melanoma represents 2-3% of all cancers, 95% of them arise from skin, while only 5% are non-cutaneous melanoma. Despite an optimal surgery management, the risk of a local and systemic relapse remains high, particularly in high-risk patients (node-positive or node-negative T3b, T4 a/b). We conducted a systematic review of the main published and ongoing phase I/II/III trials between 2000 and June 2015 on the adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma. The IFN remains the only option currently available for this aim. Ipilimumab represents a possible breakthrough in this setting, considering the positive results of the EORTC 18701 trials in terms of disease free survival (DFS), while data regarding OS are pending. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of melanoma result in the identification of MAPK pathway role in the melanoma development. Based on these features, B-RAF inhibitors and their combination with immunotherapy could represent the upcoming therapeutic strategy.
Unit of Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Naples, Italy.
Carmine
C
D'Aniello
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Francesco
F
Perri
Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Giuseppina Della Vittoria
GDV
Scarpati
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
Chiara Della
CD
Pepa
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Salvatore
S
Pisconti
Unit of Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI "Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO", Naples, Italy.
Vincenzo
V
Montesarchio
Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Nicolas
N
Wernert
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
Mayra Rachele
MR
Zarone
Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Italy.
Michele
M
Caraglia
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
Gaetano
G
Facchini
Division of Medical Oncology - CRO, Aviano, Italy.
Massimiliano
M
Berretta
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Carla
C
Cavaliere
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents
Adjuvant treatment; biochemotherapy; immunotherapy; interferon; melanoma; radiotherapy; target therapy.