Anticancer activity of biologically synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles on mouse myoblast cancer cells and their toxicity against embryonic zebrafish.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the anticancer activity of bioinspired silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) against mouse myoblast cancer cells (C2C12). Both AgNPs and AuNPs were biologically synthesized using Spinacia oleracea Linn., aqueous leaves extract. UV-Vis. spectrophotometer, high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies supported the successful synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs. Both these NPs have shown cytotoxicity against C2C12cells even at very low concentration (5μg/mL). Acridine orange/Ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining confirmed the apoptotic morphological features. The levels of caspase enzymes (caspase-3 and caspase-7) were significantly up-regulated in NPs treated myoblast cells than the plant extract. Furthermore, in zebrafish embryo toxicity study, AgNPs showed 100% mortality at 3μg/mL concentration while AuNPs exhibited the same at much higher concentration (300mg/mL). Taken together, these results provide a preliminary guidance for the development of biomaterials based drugs to fight against the fatal diseases for example cancer.
Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, School of Life Sciences, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
Rajan
R
Ramachandran
Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea; M/s. Eureka Forbes Ltd, R & D Centre, Kudlu, Bangalore, India.
Chandran
C
Krishnaraj
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
Allur Subramaniyan
AS
Sivakumar
Advanced Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
Palaniappan
P
Prasannakumar
M/s. Eureka Forbes Ltd, R & D Centre, Kudlu, Bangalore, India.
V K
VK
Abhay Kumar
Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
Kwan Seob
KS
Shim
Advanced Biomedical Imaging Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea.
Chul-Gyu
CG
Song
Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: siyun@jbnu.ac.kr.
Soon-Il
SI
Yun
D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects*; D004996:Ethidium / Q000378:metabolism; D006046:Gold / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D061088:Photoacoustic Techniques; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018724:Spinacia oleracea / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000196:embryology*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012834:Silver; D006046:Gold; D020169:Caspases; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange
Cytotoxicity; Gold nanoparticles; Mouse myoblast cells; Silver nanoparticles; Spinacia oleracea; Zebrafish embryo