Nickel oxide nanoparticles are highly toxic to SH-SY5Y neuronal cells.
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) are used in many industrial sectors including printing inks, ceramics and catalysts, and electrical and electronics industry because of their magnetic and optical properties. However, there has been still a serious lack of information about their toxicity at the cellular and molecular levels on nervous system. For that, we aimed to investigate the in vitro toxic potentials of NiO-NPs in neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cells. The particle characterisation, cellular uptake and morphological changes were determined using Transmission Electron Microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Then, the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and neutral red uptake assays, the genotoxicity by comet assay, the oxidative potentials by the determination of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine, protein carbonyl, and glutathione levels with Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assays, and the apoptotic potentials by Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide. According to the results, it was observed that NiO-NPs (15.0 nm ± 4.2-38.1 nm); (i) were taken up by the cells in concentration dependent manner, (ii) caused 50% inhibition in cell viability at ≥229.34 μg/mL, (iii) induced some morphological changes, (iv) induced dose-dependent DNA damage (3.2-11.0 fold) and apoptosis (80-99%), (v) significantly induced oxidative damage. In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that NiO-NPs affect human health especially neuronal system negatively and should raise the concern about the safety associated with their applications in consumer products.
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: abudiak1987@yahoo.com.
Mahmoud
M
Abudayyak
Department of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: elifguzelctf@yahoo.com.
Elif
E
Guzel
Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: gulozhan@istanbul.edu.tr.
Gül
G
Özhan
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D053768:Metal Nanoparticles / Q000633:toxicity*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009532:Nickel / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D009532:Nickel; C028007:nickel monoxide
Apoptosis; Genotoxicity; Neurotoxicity; Nickel oxide nanoparticles; Oxidative stress