Preterm Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This study is a systematic review of the macronutrient and energy composition of preterm human milk to enable the practicing neonatologist to make informed nutritional decisions in preterm infants. Meta-analyses were conducted in all the studies that reported total energy, true protein, fat, and lactose. Protein content decreased massively (by one-half) and significantly from day 1 to 3 at week 10 to 12. There was a significant linear increase in fat, lactose, and energy content during the same timeframe. Theoretic calculations on energy and macronutrient intake of preterm infants must be made according to a lactation time-specific manner.
Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Shmuel Bait Street, Jerusalem 913102, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Francis B
FB
Mimouni
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
Ronit
R
Lubetzky
Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel.
Sivan
S
Yochpaz
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel. Electronic address: dmandel@post.tau.ac.il.
Dror
D
Mandel
D000328:Adult; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007774:Lactation; D007785:Lactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D047928:Premature Birth
D002241:Carbohydrates; D005223:Fats; D008894:Milk Proteins; D007785:Lactose
Breastfeeding; Human milk; Macronutrients; Preterm