Drivers of Cape Verde archipelagic endemism in keyhole limpets.
Oceanic archipelagos are the ideal setting for investigating processes that shape species assemblages. Focusing on keyhole limpets, genera Fissurella and Diodora from Cape Verde Islands, we used an integrative approach combining molecular phylogenetics with ocean transport simulations to infer species distribution patterns and analyse connectivity. Dispersal simulations, using pelagic larval duration and ocean currents as proxies, showed a reduced level of connectivity despite short distances between some of the islands. It is suggested that dispersal and persistence driven by patterns of oceanic circulation favouring self-recruitment played a primary role in explaining contemporary species distributions. Mitochondrial and nuclear data revealed the existence of eight Cape Verde endemic lineages, seven within Fissurella, distributed across the archipelago, and one within Diodora restricted to Boavista. The estimated origins for endemic Fissurella and Diodora were 10.2 and 6.7 MY, respectively. Between 9.5 and 4.5 MY, an intense period of volcanism in Boavista might have affected Diodora, preventing its diversification. Having originated earlier, Fissurella might have had more opportunities to disperse to other islands and speciate before those events. Bayesian analyses showed increased diversification rates in Fissurella possibly promoted by low sea levels during Plio-Pleistocene, which further explain differences in species richness between both genera.
Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Regina L
RL
Cunha
Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Jorge M
JM
Assis
Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Celine
C
Madeira
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
Rui
R
Seabra
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
Fernando P
FP
Lima
CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.|Universidade de Cabo Verde, Departamento de Engenharias e Ciências do Mar, CP 163, São Vicente, Cabo Verde.
Evandro P
EP
Lopes
Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.
Suzanne T
ST
Williams
Centre of Marine Sciences - CCMAR, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
Rita
R
Castilho
D059001:Aquatic Organisms; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D044822:Biodiversity; D055726:Cabo Verde; D017753:Ecosystem; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D010802:Phylogeny