E-cigarette use as a predictor of cigarette smoking: results from a 1-year follow-up of a national sample of 12th grade students.
To prospectively examine vaping as a predictor of future cigarette smoking among youth with and without previous cigarette smoking experience. A secondary aim is to investigate whether vaping may desensitise youth to the dangers of smoking.



Analysis of prospective longitudinal panel data from the nationally representative Monitoring the Future study. The analysis is based on 347 12th grade students who were part of a randomly selected subsample that completed in-school surveys in 2014 and were resurveyed 1-year later.



Among youth who had never smoked a cigarette by 12th grade, baseline, recent vapers were more than 4 times (relative risk (RR)=4.78) more likely to report past-year cigarette smoking at follow-up, even among youth who reported the highest possible level of perceived risk for cigarette smoking at baseline. Among 12th grade students who had smoked in the past but had not recently smoked at baseline, recent vapers were twice (RR=2.15) as likely to report smoking in the past 12 months at the follow-up. Vaping did not predict cessation of smoking among recent smokers at baseline. Among never-smokers at baseline, recent vapers were more than 4 times (RR=4.73) more likely to move away from the perception of cigarettes as posing a 'great risk' of harm, a finding consistent with a desensitisation process.



These results contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting vaping as a one-way bridge to cigarette smoking among youth. Vaping as a risk factor for future smoking is a strong, scientifically-based rationale for restricting youth access to e-cigarettes.
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Richard
R
Miech
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Megan E
ME
Patrick
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Patrick M
PM
O'Malley
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Lloyd D
LD
Johnston
D000293:Adolescent; D000073865:Cigarette Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D066300:Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013334:Students / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000072137:Vaping / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
Electronic nicotine delivery devices; Harm Reduction; Priority/special populations