Elucidation of the possible mechanism of analgesic actions of butanol leaf fraction of Olax subscorpioidea Oliv.
BACKGROUND
Preparations of Olax subscorpioidea have been used traditionally for the management of pains, inflammatory diseases, yellow fever, cancer and rheumatism. Previously, the analgesic activity of its leaf extract have been reported. Furthermore, an analgesic assay guided fractionation showed that the butanol soluble fraction is the most active. However, the mechanism of this activity remains to be elucidated. This present study investigated the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the analgesic activity of the butanol leaf fraction of Olax subscorpioidea (BFOS) using the acetic acid induced writhing test in mice.


METHODS
Animals were orally administered distilled water (10ml/kg), BFOS (1,000mg/kg) and morphine (10mg/kg) 60minutes before i.p administration of acetic acid and the resulting writhing were counted for 10minutes. To establish the possible mechanism(s) of action of BFOS, separate group of animals were pretreated with naloxone (2mg/kg, i.p), prazosin (1mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (1mg/kg, i.p), propranolol (20mg/kg, i.p), metergoline (2mg/kg, i.p), glibenclamide (5mg/kg, i.p) and l-arginine (50mg/kg, i.p) 15minutes before BFOS.


RESULTS
BFOS and morphine showed marked analgesic activities (p<0.001); the pretreatment of animals with naloxone, metergoline and l-arginine significantly (p<0.05 and p<0.001) reduced the analgesic activity of BFOS; however, pretreatment with prazosin, yohimbine, propranolol and glinbenclamide showed no effect on its analgesic activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Results obtained in this study suggest the involvement of opioidergic, serotonergic and nitric oxide-l-arginine pathways in the analgesic effect of butanol leaf fraction of Olax subscorpioidea.
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria. Electronic address: odoma.s@ksu.edu.ng.
Saidi
S
Odoma
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abdulkadir
A
Umar Zezi
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Nuhu
N
Mohammed Danjuma
Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug Development, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Abubakar
A
Ahmed
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Muhammed
M
Garba Magaji
D000700:Analgesics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000440:Butanols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D031656:Olacaceae; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves
D000700:Analgesics; D000440:Butanols; D010936:Plant Extracts
Olax subscorpioidea; analgesic; nitric-oxide and pain mechanism; opioidergic; serotonergic