Effects of citric acid and the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFO-B) on the mobility of germanium and rare earth elements in soil and uptake in Phalaris arundinacea.
Effects of citric acid and desferrioxamine B (DFO-B) on the availability of Ge and selected rare earth elements (REEs) (La, Nd, Gd, Er) to Phalaris arundinacea were investigated. A soil dissolution experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of citric acid and DFO-B at different concentrations (1 and 10 mmol L-1citric acid) on the release of Ge and REEs from soil. In a greenhouse, plants of P. arundinacea were cultivated on soil and on sand cultures to investigate the effects of citric acid and DFO-B on the uptake of Ge and REEs by the plants. Addition of 10 mmol L-1citric acid significantly enhanced desorption of Ge and REEs from soil and uptake into soil-grown plants. Applying DFO-B enhanced the dissolution and the uptake of REEs, while no effect on Ge was observed. In sand cultures, the presence of citric acid and DFO-B significantly decreased the uptake of Ge and REEs, indicating a discrimination of the formed complexes during uptake. This study clearly indicates that citric acid and the microbial siderophore DFO-B may enhance phytoextraction of Ge and REEs due to the formation of soluble complexes that increase the migration of elements in the rhizosphere.
a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.|b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.
Oliver
O
Wiche
b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.|c Institute for Biosciences, Environmental Microbiology Group, BakSolEx, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.
Dirk
D
Tischler
a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.
Carla
C
Fauser
a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.
Jana
J
Lodemann
a Institute for Biosciences, Biology/Ecology Group, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.|b Interdisciplinary Environmental Centre, TU Bergakademie Freiberg , Freiberg , Germany.
Hermann
H
Heilmeier
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019343:Citric Acid; D003676:Deferoxamine; D005857:Germanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D031783:Phalaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D017262:Siderophores; D012987:Soil
D017262:Siderophores; D012987:Soil; D005857:Germanium; D019343:Citric Acid; D003676:Deferoxamine
Phalaris arundinacea; citric acid; desferrioxamine B; germanium; phytoextraction; rare earth elements