Impact of bioaccessibility and bioavailability of phenolic compounds in biological systems upon the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Triplaris gardneriana seeds.
The most studied bioactive potential of phenolic compounds corresponds to antioxidant activity, which in turn, is associated with a reduction in the incidence of various human diseases. However, the total quantity of these bioactive substances in foods and medicinal preparations does not reflect the amount absorbed and metabolized by the body. The present study aimed to investigate the bioaccessibility of Triplaris gardneriana seeds ethanolic extract (EETg) by determination of phenolic composition and antioxidant activities before and after in vitro digestion as well as to estimate its bioavailability by chemical analysis of plasma and urine in animal models after oral administration. The bioaccessibility indexes of phenolic compounds in EETg were 48.65 and 69.28% in the presence and absence of enzymes, respectively. Among the identified phenolics classes, flavonoids, represented by galloylated procyanidins type B, proved to be more bioaccessible, 81.48 and 96.29% in the post-intestinal phase with and without enzymes, respectively. The oral administration in Wistar rats resulted in a significant decrease in plasma of the total antioxidant capacity, TAC, by FRAP assay 4h after beginning the experiment. For urine samples, an increase in TAC by DPPH and FRAP was observed from 1 and 4h after administration, respectively. UPLC-QTOF analysis of urine detected 2 metabolites originated from the degradation of phenolic compounds, i.e. hippuric acid and phenylacetil glycine. These results suggest that phenolic compounds in T. gardneriana are unstable under gastrointestinal conditions, being flavonoids the components with higher bioaccessibility; besides that, they showed limited bioavailability due to their rapid biotransformation and urinary elimination.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
José Joaquim Lopes
JJL
Neto
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Thiago Silva
TS
de Almeida
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Jackeline Lima
JL
de Medeiros
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Leonardo Rogério
LR
Vieira
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Thaís Borges
TB
Moreira
Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Ana Isabel Vitorino
AIV
Maia
Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Paulo Riceli Vasconcelos
PRV
Ribeiro
Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, 60511-110, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Edy Sousa
ES
de Brito
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
Davi Felipe
DF
Farias
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, 60020-181, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil. Electronic address: aurano@ufc.br.
Ana Fontenele Urano
AFU
Carvalho
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004063:Digestion / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D055442:Metabolome / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D064209:Phytochemicals / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019664:Polygonaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*
D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D064209:Phytochemicals; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000431:Ethanol
In vitro digestion; In vivo study; Pharmacokinetics; UPLC-QTOF analysis