Diagnosis of Spinal Lesions Using Heuristic and Pharmacokinetic Parameters Measured by Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI.
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in differentiation of four spinal lesions by using heuristic and pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed from DCE signal intensity time course.



DCE-MRI of 62 subjects with confirmed myeloma (n = 9), metastatic cancer (n = 22), lymphoma (n = 7), and inflammatory tuberculosis (TB) (n = 24) in the spine were analyzed retrospectively. The region of interest was placed on strongly enhanced tissues. The DCE time course was categorized as the "wash-out," "plateau," or "persistent enhancement" pattern. The maximum enhancement, steepest wash-in enhancement, and wash-out slope using the signal intensity at 67 seconds after contrast injection as reference were measured. The Tofts 2-compartmental pharmacokinetic model was applied to obtain Ktransand kep. Pearson correlation between heuristic and pharmacokinetic parameters was evaluated, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed for pairwise group differentiation.



The mean wash-out slope was -22% ± 10% for myeloma, 1% ± 0.4% for metastatic cancer, 3% ± 3% for lymphoma, and 7% ± 10% for TB, and it could significantly distinguish myeloma from metastasis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.884), lymphoma (AUC = 1.0), and TB (AUC = 1.0) with P = .001, and distinguish metastasis from TB (AUC = 0.741) with P = .005. The kepand wash-out slope were highly correlated (r = 0.92), and they showed a similar diagnostic performance. The Ktranswas significantly correlated with the maximum enhancement (r = 0.71) and the steepest wash-in enhancement (r = 0.85), but they had inferior diagnostic performance compared to the wash-out slope.



DCE-MRI may provide additional diagnostic information, and a simple wash-out slope had the best diagnostic performance. The heuristic and pharmacokinetic parameters were highly correlated.
Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China.
Ning
N
Lang
Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China. Electronic address: huishuy@bjmu.edu.cn.
Huishu
H
Yuan
Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine Hall 164, Irvine, CA 92697-5020.
Hon J
HJ
Yu
Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine Hall 164, Irvine, CA 92697-5020. Electronic address: msu@uci.edu.
Min-Ying
MY
Su
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D000066506:Heuristics; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012372:ROC Curve; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013125:Spinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
D003287:Contrast Media
DCE kinetic pattern; Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI; pharmacokinetic analysis; spinal lesion diagnosis; wash-out slope