Metabolic and Co-Metabolic Transformation of Diclofenac by Enterobacter hormaechei D15 Isolated from Activated Sludge.
The presence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac (DCF), in the environment, is an emerging problem due to their harmful effects on non-target organisms, even at low concentrations. We studied the biodegradation of DCF by the strain D15 of Enterobacter hormaechei. The strain was isolated from an activated sludge, and identified as E. hormaechei based on its physiological characteristics and its 16 S RNA sequence. Using HPTLC and GC-MS methods, we demonstrated that this strain metabolized DCF at an elimination rate of 52.8%. In the presence of an external carbon source (glucose), the elimination rate increased to approximately 82%. GC-MS analysis detected and identified one metabolite as 1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one; it was produced as a consequence of dehydration and lactam formation reactions.
Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohammed Seddik Benyahia-Jijel, Jijel, Algeria.
Salima
S
Aissaoui
Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohammed Seddik Benyahia-Jijel, Jijel, Algeria.
Houria
H
Ouled-Haddar
Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mohammed Seddik Benyahia-Jijel, Jijel, Algeria. sifourm@yahoo.fr.
Mohamed
M
Sifour
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, University of Mohammed Seddik Benyahia-Jijel, Jijel, Algeria.
Kamel
K
Harrouche
National Center of Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.
Haitham
H
Sghaier
D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000378:metabolism*; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
D012722:Sewage; D004008:Diclofenac
1-(2, 6 dichlophenyl)-1.3-dihydro-2H-indol.2.one; Biodegradation; Co-metabolism; Diclofenac; Enterobacter hormaechei; GCMS