Long-term survivors of primary central nervous system lymphoma.
In this study, we provide long-term outcome data of patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma.



The long-term outcomes of PCNSL patients diagnosed between 1982 and 2006 were reviewed. Neurological late neurotoxicity symptoms, neuroradiological brain atrophy and leukoencephalopathy were evaluated. Surviving patients completed the Quality of Life Questionnaire-30 and Brain Cancer Module-20. The differences in overall survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The differences between groups in terms of each investigated parameter were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.



Among 112 PCNSL patients, there were 33 (29.4%) long-term (> 5 years) survivors. The median survival of all long-term survivors was 105.7 months; of these, 8 (7.1%) were alive at the latest follow-up, with a mean survival time of 170.2 months (range, 121.8–286.4). Clinical assessment revealed severe neurotoxicity in 14 patients (42.4%), moderate neurotoxicity in 5 (15.1%), and normal status in 14 (42.4%). Correlations were seen between the neuroradiological imaging score changes and neurocognitive condition (P=0.0001), neurocognitive condition and the whole brain irradiation dose (P=0.0004), and atrophy and the whole brain irradiation dose (P=0.0035).



A more severe clinical condition was found to be associated with increasing age and whole brain irradiation dose in long-term survivors with PCNSL.
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.|Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy for Cancer, Graduate School for Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Ryuya
R
Yamanaka
Department of Neurosurgery, Kitanihon Neurosurgical Hospital, Gosen, Japan.
Ken
K
Morii
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Shibata Prefectural Hospital, Shibata, Japan.
Masakazu
M
Sano
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.|Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
Jumpei
J
Homma
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Naoki
N
Yajima
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Yoshihiro
Y
Tsukamoto
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Ryouske
R
Ogura
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Manabu
M
Natsumeda
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Aoki
Department of Neurosurgery, Uonuma-Kikan Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Japan.
Katsuhiko
K
Akiyama
Department of Neurosurgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
Takafumi
T
Saitoh
Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
Hiroaki
H
Hondoh
Center for Comprehensive Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
Atsushi
A
Kawaguchi
Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Hitoshi
H
Takahashi
Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
Yukihiko
Y
Fujii
D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D017741:Survivors
long-term survivors; neurotoxicity; primary central nervous system lymphoma; quality of life