Cilia and Ciliopathies in Congenital Heart Disease.
A central role for cilia in congenital heart disease (CHD) was recently identified in a large-scale mouse mutagenesis screen. Although the screen was phenotype-driven, the majority of genes recovered were cilia-related, suggesting that cilia play a central role in CHD pathogenesis. This partly reflects the role of cilia as a hub for cell signaling pathways regulating cardiovascular development. Consistent with this, many cilia-transduced cell signaling genes were also recovered, and genes regulating vesicular trafficking, a pathway essential for ciliogenesis and cell signaling. Interestingly, among CHD-cilia genes recovered, some regulate left-right patterning, indicating cardiac left-right asymmetry disturbance may play significant roles in CHD pathogenesis. Clinically, CHD patients show a high prevalence of ciliary dysfunction and show enrichment for de novo mutations in cilia-related pathways. Combined with the mouse findings, this would suggest CHD may be a new class of ciliopathy.
Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201.
Nikolai T
NT
Klena
Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201.
Brian C
BC
Gibbs
Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15201.
Cecilia W
CW
Lo
D000818:Animals; D002923:Cilia / Q000502:physiology*; D000072661:Ciliopathies / Q000150:complications*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans