A systematic upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial genes is not present in the initial postexercise recovery period in human skeletal muscle.
The purpose of the current investigation was to determine if an exercise-mediated upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded genes targeted by the transcriptional co-activator peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) occurs in a systematic manner following different exercise intensities in humans. Ten recreationally active males (age: 23 ± 3 years; peak oxygen uptake: 41.8 ± 6.6 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 2 acute bouts of work-matched interval exercise at ∼73% (low; LO) and ∼100% (high; HI) of work rate at peak oxygen uptake in a randomized crossover design. Muscle biopsies were taken before, immediately after, and 3 h into recovery following each exercise bout. A main effect of time (p < 0.05) was observed for glycogen depletion. PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA) increased following both conditions and was significantly (p < 0.05) higher following HI compared with LO (PGC-1α, LO: +442% vs. HI: +845%). PDK4 mRNA increased following LO whereas PPARα, NRF1, and CS increased following HI. However, a systematic upregulation of nuclear and mitochondrial-encoded genes was not present as TFAM, COXIV, COXI, COXII, ND1, and ND4 mRNA were unchanged. However, changes in COXI, COXII, ND1 and ND4 mRNA were positively correlated following LO and COXI, ND1, and ND4 were positively correlated following HI, which suggests mitochondrial-encoded gene expression was coordinated. PGC-1α and ND4 mRNA, as well as PGC-1α mRNA and the change in muscle glycogen, were positively correlated in response to LO. The lack of observed systematic upregulation of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes suggests that exercise-induced upregulation of PGC-1α targets are differentially regulated during the initial hours following acute exercise in humans.
a School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Trisha D
TD
Scribbans
a School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Brittany A
BA
Edgett
a School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Jacob T
JT
Bonafiglia
b Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Brittany L
BL
Baechler
b Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
Joe
J
Quadrilatero
a School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
Brendon J
BJ
Gurd
D000328:Adult; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D050259:Genes, Mitochondrial; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D055815:Young Adult
C098483:NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D006003:Glycogen; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; C515075:NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, human; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase
exercise metabolism; exercise physiology; mitochondrial metabolism; muscle physiology; métabolisme du muscle squelettique; métabolisme mitochondrial; métabolisme énergétique; physiologie de l’exercice; physiologie musculaire; skeletal muscle metabolism