Key Impact of an Uncommon Plasmid onBacillus amyloliquefacienssubsp.plantarumS499 Developmental Traits and Lipopeptide Production.
The rhizobacteriumBacillus amyloliquefacienssubsp.plantarumS499 (S499) is particularly efficient in terms of the production of cyclic lipopeptides, which are responsible for the high level of plant disease protection provided by this strain. Sequencing of the S499 genome has highlighted genetic differences and similarities with the closely related rhizobacteriumB. amyloliquefacienssubsp.plantarumFZB42 (FZB42). More specifically, a rare 8008 bp plasmid (pS499) harboring arap-phrcassette constitutes a major distinctive element between S499 and FZB42. By curing this plasmid, we demonstrated that its presence is crucial for preserving the typical physiology of S499 cells. Indeed, the growth rate and extracellular proteolytic activity were significantly affected in the cured strain (S499 P-). Furthermore, pS499 made a significant contribution to the regulation of cyclic lipopeptide production. Surfactins and fengycins were produced in higher quantities by S499 P-, whereas lower amounts of iturins were detected. In line with the increase in surfactin release, bacterial motility improved after curing, whereas the ability to form biofilm was reducedin vitro. The antagonistic effect against phytopathogenic fungi was also limited for S499 P-, most probably due to the reduction of iturin production. With the exception of this last aspect, S499 P-behavior fell between that of S499 and FZB42, suggesting a role for the plasmid in shaping some of the phenotypic differences observed in the two strains.
Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology Unit, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Giulia
G
Molinatto
Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of Liège Gembloux, Belgium.
Laurent
L
Franzil
Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of Liège Gembloux, Belgium.
Sébastien
S
Steels
Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology Unit, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Gerardo
G
Puopolo
Plant Pathology and Applied Microbiology Unit, Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
Ilaria
I
Pertot
Microbial Processes and Interactions Research Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Faculty, University of Liège Gembloux, Belgium.
Marc
M
Ongena
Bacillus; biological control; genome comparison; plasmid; surfactin