Chromatin States in Mouse Sperm Correlate with Embryonic and Adult Regulatory Landscapes.
The mammalian sperm genome is thought to lack substantial information for the regulation of future expression after fertilization. Here, we show that most promoters in mouse sperm are flanked by well-positioned nucleosomes marked by active histone modifications. Analysis of these modifications suggests that many enhancers and super-enhancers functional in embryonic and adult tissues are already specified in sperm. The sperm genome is bound by CTCF and cohesin at sites that are also present in round spermatids and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). These sites mediate interactions that organize the sperm genome into domains and compartments that overlap extensively with those found in mESCs. These results suggest that sperm carry a rich source of regulatory information, encoded in part by its three-dimensional folding specified by CTCF and cohesin. This information may contribute to future expression during embryonic and adult life, suggesting mechanisms by which environmental effects on the paternal germline are transmitted transgenerationally.
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Yoon Hee
YH
Jung
Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
Michael E G
MEG
Sauria
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Xiaowen
X
Lyu
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
Manjinder S
MS
Cheema
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada.
Juan
J
Ausio
Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
James
J
Taylor
Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. Electronic address: vgcorces@gmail.com.
Victor G
VG
Corces
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism; D053595:Embryonic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D016678:Genome / Q000235:genetics; D005854:Germ Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D013087:Spermatids / Q000378:metabolism; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097722:Cohesins
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D009707:Nucleosomes; D000097722:Cohesins
CTCF; TAD; chromatin; pluripotency; stem cell; transcription