Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis Using Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Conjugated Microbubbles.
Imaging of angiogenesis receptors could provide a sensitive and clinically useful method for detecting neovascularization such as occurs in malignant tumors, and responses to antiangiogenic therapies for such tumors. We tested the hypothesis that microbubbles (MB) tagged with human VEGF121(MBVEGF) bind to the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) in vitro and angiogenic endothelium in vivo, and that this specific binding can be imaged on a clinical ultrasound system. In this work, targeted adhesion of MBVEGFwas evaluated in vitro using a parallel plate flow system containing adsorbed recombinant human KDR. There was more adhesion of MBVEGFto KDR-coated plates when the amount of VEGF121on each MB or KDR density on the plate was increased. MBVEGFadhesion to KDR-coated plates decreased with increasing wall shear rate. On intravital microscopic imaging of bFGF-stimulated rat cremaster muscle, there was greater microvascular adhesion of MBVEGFcompared to that of isotype IgG-conjugated control MB (MBCTL). To determine if MBVEGFcould be used to ultrasonically image angiogenesis, ultrasound imaging was performed in mice bearing squamous cell carcinoma after intravenous injection of MBVEGF. Ultrasound videointensity enhancement in tumor was significantly higher for MBVEGF(17.3 ± 9.7 dB) compared to MBCTL(3.8 ± 4.4 dB, n = 6, p < 0.05). This work demonstrates the feasibility of targeted ultrasound imaging of an angiogenic marker using MBVEGF. This approach offers a noninvasive bedside method for detecting tumor angiogenesis and could be extended to other applications such as molecular monitoring of therapeutic angiogenesis or antiangiogenic therapies in cardiovascular disease or cancer.
Center of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Jianjun
J
Wang
Center of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Bin
B
Qin
Center of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Xucai
0000-0001-8621-5261
X
Chen
McGowan Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.
William R
WR
Wagner
Center of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States.
Flordeliza S
FS
Villanueva
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D045423:Microbubbles; D057054:Molecular Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D003287:Contrast Media; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
VEGF; angiogenesis; cancer; inflammation; microbubble contrast agents; molecular imaging; ultrasound imaging