Changes in Maternal and Paternal Pain-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Perceptions across Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Treatment: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.
This prospective study compared paternal versus maternal factors and their impact on child outcomes in the context of an intensive pediatric pain rehabilitation program.



One hundred four youth with treatment refractory chronic pain and their parents enrolled in an intensive pediatric pain rehabilitation program completed measures of pain, functional disability, and parent pain-related attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors at admission and discharge.



Linear mixed models were used. Controlling for significant demographic and clinical characteristics, mothers and fathers who were present for the program typically demonstrated significantly better improvement from admission to discharge compared with nonpresent fathers. Mothers made the most significant gains in protective parent responses. Children also had significant decreases in pain and improvements in functioning over time.



Results indicate the efficacy of this treatment model for both children with chronic pain and their parents and highlights the importance of parental presence in treatment.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,  Boston, MA, USA.|Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
Christine B
CB
Sieberg
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,  Boston, MA, USA.|Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
Allison
A
Smith
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
Matthew
M
White
Biobehavioral Pediatric Pain Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.|Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
Juliana
J
Manganella
Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,  Boston, MA, USA.
Navil
N
Sethna
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.|Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital,  Boston, MA, USA.
Deirdre E
DE
Logan
D000293:Adolescent; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D059350:Chronic Pain / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management / Q000379:methods; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D055815:Young Adult
chronic and recurrent pain; parenting; statistical applications