Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diet Pattern Scores Are Inversely Associated with All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Adults.
Background:Poor diet quality is associated with a higher risk of many chronic diseases that are among the leading causes of death in the United States. It has been hypothesized that evolutionary discordance may account for some of the higher incidence and mortality from these diseases.Objective:We investigated associations of 2 diet pattern scores, the Paleolithic and the Mediterranean, with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the REGARDS (REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study, a longitudinal cohort of black and white men and women ≥45 y of age.Methods:Participants completed questionnaires, including a Block food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), at baseline and were contacted every 6 mo to determine their health status. Of the analytic cohort (n= 21,423), a total of 2513 participants died during a median follow-up of 6.25 y. We created diet scores from FFQ responses and assessed their associations with mortality using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusting for major risk factors.Results:For those in the highest relative to the lowest quintiles of the Paleolithic and Mediterranean diet scores, the multivariable adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality were, respectively, 0.77 (95% CI: 0.67, 0.89;P-trend < 0.01) and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.73;P-trend < 0.01). The corresponding HRs for all-cancer mortality were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.95;P-trend = 0.03) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.48, 0.84;P-trend = 0.01), and for all-cardiovascular disease mortality they were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.00;P-trend = 0.06) and HR: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.53, 0.88;P-trend = 0.01).Conclusions:Findings from this biracial prospective study suggest that diets closer to Paleolithic or Mediterranean diet patterns may be inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Departments of Epidemiology and.
Kristine A
KA
Whalen
Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.
Suzanne
S
Judd
Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA; and.
Marjorie L
ML
McCullough
Departments of Epidemiology and.|Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA.|Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
W Dana
WD
Flanders
Departments of Epidemiology and.|Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Terryl J
TJ
Hartman
Departments of Epidemiology and rmbosti@emory.edu.|Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.
Roberd M
RM
Bostick
D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D066046:Diet, Paleolithic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People
Mediterranean diet; Paleolithic diet; cohort study; diet patterns; mortality