Impact of hot and cold exposure on human skeletal muscle gene expression.
Many human diseases lead to a loss of skeletal muscle metabolic function and mass. Local and environmental temperature can modulate the exercise-stimulated response of several genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and skeletal muscle function in a human model. However, the impact of environmental temperature, independent of exercise, has not been addressed in a human model. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the effects of exposure to hot, cold, and room temperature conditions on skeletal muscle gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and muscle mass. Recreationally trained male subjects (n = 12) had muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis before and after 3 h of exposure to hot (33 °C), cold (7 °C), or room temperature (20 °C) conditions. Temperature had no effect on most of the genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis, myogenesis, or proteolysis (p > 0.05). Core temperature was significantly higher in hot and cold environments compared with room temperature (37.2 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.001; 37.1 ± 0.1 °C, p = 0.013; 36.9 ± 0.1 °C, respectively). Whole-body oxygen consumption was also significantly higher in hot and cold compared with room temperature (0.38 ± 0.01 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.52 ± 0.03 L·min-1, p < 0.001; 0.35 ± 0.01 L·min-1, respectively). In conclusion, these data show that acute temperature exposure alone does not elicit significant changes in skeletal muscle gene expression. When considered in conjunction with previous research, exercise appears to be a necessary component to observe gene expression alterations between different environmental temperatures in humans.
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Roksana B
RB
Zak
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Robert J
RJ
Shute
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Matthew W S
MW
Heesch
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
D Taylor
DT
La Salle
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Matthew P
MP
Bubak
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Nicholas E
NE
Dinan
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Terence L
TL
Laursen
Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.|Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA.
Dustin R
DR
Slivka
D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D059748:Proteolysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D055815:Young Adult
D012333:RNA, Messenger
ARNm; biogenèse mitochondriale; mRNA; mitochondrial biogenesis; myogenesis; myogenèse; proteolysis; protéolyse; temperature; température