The ins and outs of cyclic di-GMP signaling in Vibrio cholerae.
The second messenger nucleotide cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) governs many cellular processes in the facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. This organism copes with changing environmental conditions in aquatic environments and during transitions to and from human hosts. Modulation of c-di-GMP allows V. cholerae to shift between motile and sessile stages of life, thus allowing adaptation to stressors and environmental conditions during its transmission cycle. The V. cholerae genome encodes a large set of proteins predicted to degrade and produce c-di-GMP. A subset of these enzymes has been demonstrated to control cellular processes - particularly motility, biofilm formation, and virulence - through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational mechanisms. Recent studies have identified and characterized enzymes that modulate or sense c-di-GMP levels and have led towards mechanistic understanding of c-di-GMP regulatory circuits in V. cholerae.
Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Jenna G
JG
Conner
Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
David
D
Zamorano-Sánchez
Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Jin Hwan
JH
Park
Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Holger
H
Sondermann
Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. Electronic address: fyildiz@ucsc.edu.
Fitnat H
FH
Yildiz
D018441:Biofilms; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D015290:Second Messenger Systems; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014774:Virulence
C062025:bis(3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid; D006152:Cyclic GMP