Almond Skin Polyphenol Extract Inhibits Inflammation and Promotes Lipolysis in Differentiated 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
Studies have shown that polyphenols reduce the risk of inflammation-related diseases and upregulates energy expenditure in adipose tissue. Here, we investigated the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects of almond skin polyphenol extract (ASP) in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The antioxidant effects of ASP were measured based on DPPH radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content. Differentiated 3T3-L1 cells were treated with ASP. Subsequently, lipolysis proteins and transcription factors of adipogenesis were measured. The proinflammatory mediators monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and chemokine ligand 5 (CCL-5) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We found that ASP significantly promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), increased activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, and inhibited adipogenesis-related transcription factors. In addition, ASP inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced cell inflammatory response via downregulation of MCP-1 and CCL-5 secretion. This study suggests that ASP regulates lipolysis through activation of AMPK, reduced adipogenesis, and suppresses proinflammatory cytokines in adipocytes.
1 Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan City, Taiwan .
Wen-Chung
WC
Huang
1 Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan City, Taiwan .
Chi-Yuan
CY
Chen
2 Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan City, Taiwan .|3 Department of Dermatology, Aesthetic Medical Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan .
Shu-Ju
SJ
Wu
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068181:Prunus dulcis / Q000737:chemistry*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology
C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases
3T3-L1 adipocyte; adipogenesis; almond skin polyphenol extract; lipolysis; proinflammatory mediators