Supercapacitive Properties of 3D-Arrayed Polyaniline Hollow Nanospheres Encaging RuO2Nanoparticles.
A major limitation of polyaniline (PANi) electrodes for supercapacitors is the slow rate of ion transport during redox reactions and the resultant easy saturation of areal capacitance with film thickness. In this study, three-dimensionally (3D)-arrayed PANi nanospheres with highly roughened surface nanomorphology were fabricated to overcome this limitation. A hierarchical nanostructure was obtained by polymerizing aniline monomers on a template of 3D-arrayed polystyrene (PS) nanospheres and appropriate oxidative acid doping. The structure provided dramatically increased surface area and porosity that led to the efficient diffusion of ions. Thus, the specific capacitance (Csp) reached 1570 F g-1, thereby approaching a theoretical capacitance of PANi. In addition, the retention at a high scan rate of 100 mV s-1was 77.6% of the Cspat a scan rate of 10 mV s-1. Furthermore, 3D-arrayed hollow PANi (H-PANi) nanospheres could be obtained by dissolving the inner PS part of the PS/PANi core/shell nanospheres with tetrahydrofuran. The ruthenium oxide (RuO2) nanoparticles (NPs) were also encaged in the H-PANi nanospheres by embedding RuO2NPs on the PS nanospheres prior to polymerization of PANi. The combination of the two active electrode materials indicated synergetic effects. The areal capacitance of the RuO2-encaged PANi electrode was significantly larger than that of the RuO2-free PANi electrode and could be controlled by varying the amount of encaged RuO2nanoparticles. The encagement could also solve the problem of detachment of RuO2electrodes from the current collector. The effects of the nanostructuring and RuO2encagement were also quantitatively analyzed by deconvoluting the total capacitance into the surface capacitive and insertion elements.
Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
Hyemin
H
Kwon
Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
Dajung
D
Hong
Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
Ilhwan
I
Ryu
Department of Chemistry, Kookmin University , Seoul, 02707, South Korea.
Sanggyu
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1322-2713
S
Yim
RuO2 nanoparticles; capacitive elements; encagement; hollow nanospheres; polyaniline; supercapacitors