B cell contribution of the CD4+T cell inflammatory phenotypes in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease in which the effector molecules responsible for tissue damage are antibodies directed against a large number of self-antigens, among which nucleic acids complexed with proteins play a prominent role. These pathogenic autoantibodies are produced by plasma cells differentiated from activated autoreactive B cells, a process that requires complex interactions between multiple components of the immune systems. A key step in the activation of autoreactive B cells is provided by CD4+T cells through cytokines and cell-to-cell contact. Lupus CD4+T cells are autoreactive and they present an activated inflammatory phenotype that has been shown to contribute to disease. In addition to their role in antibody production, B cells have other effector functions, the most important ones being antigen presentation to and co-stimulation of CD4+T cells, as well as the secretion of cytokines. Here, we review what is known, largely based on mouse models, how these B cell effector functions contribute to the CD4+T cell inflammatory phenotypes in lupus. When possible, we compare CD4+T cell activation by B cells and by dendritic cells, and speculate how these interactions may contribute to the disease process.
a Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.
Seung-Chul
SC
Choi
a Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.
Laurence
L
Morel
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
B1-a cells; Follicular helper T cells; Th17; Treg; marginal zone B cells