The Use of Multinutrient Human Milk Fortifiers in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review of Unanswered Questions.
There is evidence that multinutrient fortification of human milk increases in-hospital growth of preterm infants, but fortification has not been shown to improve long-term growth and neurodevelopmental outcome. We aimed to ascertain whether randomized controlled trials have determined the effect of early versus late introduction of fortifiers on growth and/or other outcomes, and have compared the efficacy/adverse effects of human milk-based versus cow milk-based fortifiers. We conclude that there is little evidence that early introduction of human milk fortification affects important outcomes, and limited evidence that a bovine fortifier places the infant at a higher risk of NEC.
Department of Neonatology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 12 Shmuel Bait Street, Jerusalem 913102, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Francis B
FB
Mimouni
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
Natalie
N
Nathan
Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Ekhard E
EE
Ziegler
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Pediatrics, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.
Ronit
R
Lubetzky
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neonatology, Dana Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizman Street, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel. Electronic address: dmandel@post.tau.ac.il.
Dror
D
Mandel
D000818:Animals; D002657:Child Development; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D041943:Infant Formula; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008892:Milk; D008895:Milk, Human; D065840:Protective Factors; D012307:Risk Factors
Breastfeeding; Fortifier; Human milk; Macronutrients