The effects of short-term high-fat feeding on exercise capacity: multi-tissue transcriptome changes by RNA sequencing analysis.
BACKGROUND
The effects of short-term high fat diets on physiology are elusive and the molecular changes following fat overconsumption remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to evaluate exercise capacity in mice fed with a high fat diet (HFD) for 3 days and investigate the molecular mechanisms in the early response to high-fat feeding.


METHODS
Exercise capacity was assessed by weight-loaded swimming test in mice fed a control diet (10 kcal% fat) or a HFD (60 kcal% fat) for 3 days. Global gene expression of ten important tissues (brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, duodenum, skeletal muscle and blood) was analyzed using RNA Sequencing.


RESULTS
A HFD for just 3 days can induce 71% decrease of exercise performance prior to substantial weight gain (P <0.01). Principle component analysis revealed that differential gene expression patterns existed in the ten tissues. Out of which, the brain, spleen and lung were demonstrated to have more pronounced transcriptional changes than other tissues. Biological process analysis for differentially expressed genes in the brain, spleen and lung showed that dysregulation of peripheral and central immune response had been implicated in the early stage of HFD exposure. Neurotransmission related genes and circulatory system process related genes were significantly down-regulated in the brain and lung, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide new insights for the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding, especially revealing that the lung maybe as a new important target attacked by short-term high-fat feeding.
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.|School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Ya
Y
Xiao
Experimental Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Wanshan
W
Wang
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Liguo
L
Chen
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Jieyu
J
Chen
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Pingping
P
Jiang
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Xiuqiong
X
Fu
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaoli
X
Nie
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
Hiuyee
H
Kwan
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. siyecao2015@163.com.
Yanyan
Y
Liu
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. zhaoxs0609@163.com.
Xiaoshan
X
Zhao
D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology; D059305:Diet, High-Fat / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013154:Spleen / Q000502:physiology; D059467:Transcriptome
Exercise capacity; High-fat feeding; Multi-tissue; RNA Sequencing; Short-term