Metal-organic framework mixed-matrix disks: Versatile supports for automated solid-phase extraction prior to chromatographic separation.
We present for the first time the application of metal-organic framework (MOF) mixed-matrix disks (MMD) for the automated flow-through solid-phase extraction (SPE) of environmental pollutants. Zirconium terephthalate UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2MOFs with different size (90, 200 and 300nm) have been incorporated into mechanically stable polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) disks. The performance of the MOF-MMDs for automated SPE of seven substituted phenols prior to HPLC analysis has been evaluated using the sequential injection analysis technique. MOF-MMDs enabled the simultaneous extraction of phenols with the concomitant size exclusion of molecules of larger size. The best extraction performance was obtained using a MOF-MMD containing 90nm UiO-66-NH2crystals. Using the selected MOF-MMD, detection limits ranging from 0.1 to 0.2μgL-1were obtained. Relative standard deviations ranged from 3.9 to 5.3% intra-day, and 4.7-5.7% inter-day. Membrane batch-to-batch reproducibility was from 5.2 to 6.4%. Three different groundwater samples were analyzed with the proposed method using MOF-MMDs, obtaining recoveries ranging from 90 to 98% for all tested analytes.
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
Milad
M
Ghani
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.
Maria Francesca
MF
Font Picó
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kashan University, 87317-51167, Kashan, Iran.
Shima
S
Salehinia
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.
Carlos
C
Palomino Cabello
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.maya@uib.es.
Fernando
F
Maya
University of Torino, Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Gloria
G
Berlier
Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
Mohammad
M
Saraji
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain.
Víctor
V
Cerdà
Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Spain. Electronic address: g.turnes@uib.es.
Gemma
G
Turnes Palomino
D001331:Automation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D060587:Groundwater / Q000737:chemistry; D057230:Limit of Detection; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000302:isolation & purification; D052616:Solid Phase Extraction / Q000379:methods*; D012997:Solvents; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers
D008670:Metals; D010636:Phenols; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012235:Rhodamines; D012997:Solvents; C024865:polyvinylidene fluoride; D005465:Fluorocarbon Polymers; C029773:rhodamine B
High performance liquid chromatography; Metal-organic frameworks; Mixed-matrix disks; Phenols; Sequential injection analysis; Solid-phase extraction