Antioxidants ofPhyllanthus emblicaL. Bark Extract Provide Hepatoprotection against Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Damage: A Comparison with Silymarin.
Phyllanthus emblicaL. (amla) has been used in Ayurveda as a potent rasayan for treatment of hepatic disorders. Most of the pharmacological studies, however, are largely focused on PE fruit, while the rest of the parts of PE, particularly, bark, remain underinvestigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of the hydroalcoholic extract ofPhyllanthus emblicabark (PEE) in ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity model in rats. Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activities were determined by using H2O2scavenging and ABTS decolorization assays. Our results showed that PEE was rich in total phenols (99.523 ± 1.91 mg GAE/g), total flavonoids (389.33 ± 1.25 mg quercetin hydrate/g), and total tannins (310 ± 0.21 mg catechin/g), which clearly support its strong antioxidant potential. HPTLC-based quantitative analysis revealed the presence of the potent antioxidants gallic acid (25.05 mg/g) and ellagic acid (13.31 mg/g). Moreover, one-month PEE treatment (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) followed by 30-day 70% ethanol (10 mL/kg) administration showed hepatoprotection as evidenced by significant restoration of ALT (p< 0.01), AST (p< 0.001), ALP (p< 0.05), and TP (p< 0.001) and further confirmed by liver histopathology. PEE-mediated hepatoprotection could be due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity that may be ascribed to its antioxidant components, namely, ellagic acid and gallic acid. Thus, the results of the present study support the therapeutic claims made in Ayurveda aboutPhyllanthus emblica.
SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
Renuka
R
Chaphalkar
National Toxicology Centre, Vadgaon Khurd, Pune 411041, India.
Kishori G
KG
Apte
National Toxicology Centre, Vadgaon Khurd, Pune 411041, India.
Yogesh
Y
Talekar
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
Shreesh Kumar
0000-0001-7801-2966
SK
Ojha
SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
Mukesh
0000-0002-6535-6505
M
Nandave
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D029842:Phyllanthus emblica / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012838:Silymarin
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012838:Silymarin; D000431:Ethanol