Effect of Salt and Ethanol Addition on Zein-Starch Dough and Bread Quality.
Development of viscoelastic doughs from non-wheat proteins allows for a wider range of gluten-free products. Little work has been completed to describe mechanisms of zein functionality in food systems. To identify factors responsible for dough development in zein-starch mixtures and their influence on zein bread quality, a mixture of 20% zein-80% maize starch was mixed with water and various reagents. Salts, NaSCN, NaCl, and Na2SO4were evaluated at concentrations from 0 to 2M for their influence on the properties of zein-starch dough systems. NaSCN at low concentrations produced softer dough. Ethanol treatments produced softer more workable dough in the absence of salts. Increasing concentrations of NaCl and Na2SO4resulted in coalescing of the proteins and no dough formation. The addition of β-ME had minimal softening effects on zein-starch dough. Specific volumes of zein-starch bread increased with decreasing NaCl addition in bread formulations. Likewise, including 5% ethanol (v/v) in the bread formula increased bread quality.
School of Food Science, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, U.S.A.
Brennan M
BM
Smith
USDA-ARS Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Manhattan, KS, 66502, U.S.A.
Scott R
SR
Bean
USDA-ARS Natl. Center for Agriculture Utilization Center, Peoria, IL, 61604, U.S.A.
Gordon
G
Selling
USDA-ARS Natl. Center for Agriculture Utilization Center, Peoria, IL, 61604, U.S.A.
David
D
Sessa
Food Science Inst., Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS, 66506, U.S.A.
Fadi M
FM
Aramouni
D001939:Bread / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D055050:Diet, Gluten-Free; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D000431:Ethanol; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D012492:Salts; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013213:Starch; D013431:Sulfates; D013861:Thiocyanates; D014908:Triticum; D014867:Water; D003313:Zea mays; D015028:Zein
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012492:Salts; D017670:Sodium Compounds; D013431:Sulfates; D013861:Thiocyanates; D014867:Water; C012036:sodium sulfate; D000431:Ethanol; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C024553:sodium thiocyanate; D013213:Starch; D015028:Zein
Hoffmeister; bread; dough; protein functionality; zein