Untangling the disaster-depression knot: The role of social ties after Deepwater Horizon.
The mental health consequences of disasters, including oil spills, are well known. The goal of this study is to examine whether social capital and social support mediate the effects of exposure to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on depression among women. Data for the analysis come from the first wave of data collection for the Women and Their Children's Health Study, a longitudinal study of the health effects of women exposed to the oil spill in southern Louisiana, USA. Women were interviewed about their exposure to the oil spill, depression symptoms, structural social capital (neighborhood organization participation), cognitive social capital (sense of community and informal social control), and social support. Structural equation models indicated that structural social capital was associated with increased levels of cognitive social capital, which were associated with higher levels of social support, which in turn were associated with lower levels of depression. Physical exposure to the oil spill was associated with greater economic exposure, which in turn was associated with higher levels of depression. When all variables were taken into account, economic exposure was no longer associated with depression, and social support and cognitive social capital mediated the effect of economic exposure on depression, explaining 67% of the effect. Findings support an extension of the deterioration model of social support to include the additional coping resource of social capital. Social capital and social support were found to be beneficial for depression post-oil spill; however, they were themselves negatively impacted by the oil spill, explaining the overall negative effect of the oil spill on depression. A better understanding of the pathways between the social context and depression could lead to interventions for improved mental health in the aftermath of a disaster.
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Epidemiology Program, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. Electronic address: abedim@lsuhsc.edu.
Ariane L
AL
Rung
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Epidemiology Program, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
Symielle
S
Gaston
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Behavioral & Community Health Sciences Program, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd floor, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. Electronic address: wrobin@lsuhsc.edu.
William T
WT
Robinson
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Epidemiology Program, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. Electronic address: etrapi@lsuhsc.edu.
Edward J
EJ
Trapido
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Public Health, Epidemiology Program, 2020 Gravier Street, 3rd Floor, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA. Electronic address: epete1@lsuhsc.edu.
Edward S
ES
Peters
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008145:Louisiana; D008603:Mental Health / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D008875:Middle Aged; D059392:Petroleum Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D066270:Social Capital; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Cognitive social capital; Disaster; Louisiana, USA; Mental health; Oil spill; Social support; Structural equation modeling; Structural social capital