Metabolomic profiling of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in the aqueous and vitreous humors.
We investigate the metabolomic profile of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in the aqueous and vitreous humors. Eighteen eyes of 18 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic retinopathy underwent microincision vitrectomy combined with cataract surgery. Samples of the aqueous and vitreous humors were collected and underwent mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiling of reactive persulfides and polysulfides (polysulfidomics). The effect of reactive polysulfide species on the viability of immortalized retinal cells (the RGC-5 cell line) under oxidative stress (induced with H2O2) was also evaluated with an Alamar Blue assay. The experiments showed that cysteine persulfides (CysSSH), oxidized glutathione trisulfide (GSSSG) and cystine were elevated in the aqueous humor, and CysSSH, Cys, and cystine were elevated in the vitreous. Furthermore, GSSSG, cystine, and CysSSH levels were correlated in the aqueous and vitreous humors. A comparison, in DM and control subjects, of plasma levels of reactive persulfides and polysulfides showed that they did not differ. In vitro findings revealed that reactive polysulfide species increased cell viability under oxidative stress. Thus, various reactive persulfides and polysulfides appear to be present in the eye, and some reactive sulfide species, which have a protective effect against oxidative stress, are upregulated in the aqueous and vitreous humors of DM eyes.
Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Kunikata
Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Tomoaki
T
Ida
Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Kota
K
Sato
Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Naoko
N
Aizawa
Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Tomohiro
T
Sawa
Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Hiroshi
H
Tawarayama
Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Namie
N
Murayama
Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Shigemoto
S
Fujii
Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Takaaki
T
Akaike
Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.|Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Toru
T
Nakazawa
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D055432:Metabolomics; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013440:Sulfides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
D013440:Sulfides; C051552:persulfides; C032915:polysulfide