Personalized Medicine Applied to Forensic Sciences: New Advances and Perspectives for a Tailored Forensic Approach.
Personalized medicine (PM), included in P5 medicine (Personalized, Predictive, Preventive, Participative and Precision medicine) is an innovative approach to the patient, emerging from the need to tailor and to fit the profile of each individual. PM promises to dramatically impact also on forensic sciences and justice system in ways we are only beginning to understand. The application of omics (genomic, transcriptomics, epigenetics/imprintomics, proteomic and metabolomics) is ever more fundamental in the so called "molecular autopsy". Emerging fields of interest in forensic pathology are represented by diagnosis and detection of predisposing conditions to fatal thromboembolic and hypertensive events, determination of genetic variants related to sudden death, such as congenital long QT syndromes, demonstration of lesions vitality, identification of biological matrices and species diagnosis of a forensic trace on crime scenes without destruction of the DNA. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-art in the application of personalized medicine in forensic sciences, to understand the possibilities of integration in routine investigation of these procedures with classical post-mortem studies and to underline the importance of these new updates in medical examiners' armamentarium in determining cause of death or contributing factors to death.
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome. Italy.
Alessandro
A
Santurro
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome. Italy.
Anna Maria
AM
Vullo
Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome. Italy.
Marina
M
Borro
Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome. Italy.
Giovanna
G
Gentile
Malzoni Clinical-Scientific Institute (MaCSI), Via Carmelo Errico 2, 83100 Avellino. Italy.
Raffaele
R
La Russa
Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome. Italy.
Maurizio
M
Simmaco
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00185 Rome. Italy.
Paola
P
Frati
IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli. Italy.
Vittorio
V
Fineschi
D001344:Autopsy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D053803:Forensic Genetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D049429:Forensic Pathology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D055432:Metabolomics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D057285:Precision Medicine / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D040901:Proteomics; D018570:Risk Assessment
D015415:Biomarkers
Personalized medicine; forensic sciences; genomics; metabolomics; molecular autopsy; pharmacogenomics; proteomics; sudden death; theragnostic; transcriptomics