Glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses after oral trehalose ingestion in healthy subjects.
BACKGROUND
Trehalose is hydrolyzed by a specific intestinal brush-border disaccharidase (trehalase) into two glucose molecules. In animal studies, trehalose has been shown to prevent adipocyte hypertrophy and mitigate insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Recently, we found that trehalose improved glucose tolerance in human subjects. However, the underlying metabolic responses after trehalose ingestion in humans are not well understood. Therefore, we examined the glycemic, insulinemic and incretin responses after trehalose ingestion in healthy Japanese volunteers.


METHODS
In a crossover study, 20 fasted healthy volunteers consumed 25 g trehalose or glucose in 100 mL water. Blood samples were taken frequently over the following 3 h, and blood glucose, insulin, active gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were measured.


RESULTS
Trehalose ingestion did not evoke rapid increases in blood glucose levels, and had a lower stimulatory potency of insulin and active GIP secretion compared with glucose ingestion. Conversely, active GLP-1 showed higher levels from 45 to 180 min after trehalose ingestion as compared with glucose ingestion. Specifically, active GIP secretion, which induces fat accumulation, was markedly lower after trehalose ingestion.


CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that trehalose may be a useful saccharide for good health because of properties that do not stimulate rapid increases in blood glucose and excessive secretion of insulin and GIP promoting fat accumulation.
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan. chiyo.yoshizane@hb.nagase.co.jp.
Chiyo
C
Yoshizane
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Akiko
A
Mizote
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Mika
M
Yamada
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Norie
N
Arai
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Shigeyuki
S
Arai
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Kazuhiko
K
Maruta
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Hitoshi
H
Mitsuzumi
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Toshio
T
Ariyasu
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Shimpei
S
Ushio
HAYASHIBARA CO. LTD., 675 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, 702-8006, Japan.
Shigeharu
S
Fukuda
D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D064368:Healthy Volunteers; D006801:Humans; D054795:Incretins / Q000097:blood*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014199:Trehalose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D055815:Young Adult
D001786:Blood Glucose; D054795:Incretins; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D014199:Trehalose
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide; Insulin; Trehalose