Current and Emerging Treatments for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
In the last decades, the treatment of mRCC, metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, has become more and more complex due to the approval of a great number of effective systemic treatments that have significantly improved the prognosis of patients suffering from such disease. An additional knowledge of the genetic aberrations and the molecular pathways alterations that underlie RCC, has promoted the development of several novel agents, known as target therapies (TTs). Even though TTs are not curative and all patients eventually progress, an adequate sequencing of these drugs can provide a significant benefit in terms of PFS, Progression Free Survival, and hopefully OS, Overall Survival. To date, there are few data about the optimal sequential use of the TTs hence, in clinical practice, the therapeutic strategy is chosen on the basis of the safety profile of the drug, patients medical history and the pivotal trial results, though such studies often exclude patients with poor performance status and/or severe comorbidities that we routinely see in our clinics. This review aims to provide an overview of the systemic therapies for mRCC both in the newly diagnosed patients and in the subsequent lines of treatment, with a special focus on the last advances about TTs and immunotherapy.
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Carla
C
Cavaliere
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Carmine
C
D'Aniello
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
Chiara Della
CD
Pepa
Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy.
Salvatore
S
Pisconti
Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy.
Massimiliano
M
Berretta
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
Gaetano
G
Facchini
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D058990:Molecular Targeted Therapy; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D057285:Precision Medicine; D011379:Prognosis
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
Metastatic renal cell cancer; VEGF pathway; combination therapy; first line therapy; immunotherapy; mammalian target of rapamycin pathway; new pathway; sequence treatment.