Evaluating the responses of forest ecosystems to climate change and CO2using dynamic global vegetation models.
The climate has important influences on the distribution and structure of forest ecosystems, which may lead to vital feedback to climate change. However, much of the existing work focuses on the changes in carbon fluxes or water cycles due to climate change and/or atmospheric CO2, and few studies have considered how and to what extent climate change and CO2influence the ecosystem structure (e.g., fractional coverage change) and the changes in the responses of ecosystems with different characteristics. In this work, two dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs): IAP-DGVM coupled with CLM3 and CLM4-CNDV, were used to investigate the response of the forest ecosystem structure to changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) and CO2concentration. In the temperature sensitivity tests, warming reduced the global area-averaged ecosystem gross primary production in the two models, which decreased global forest area. Furthermore, the changes in tree fractional coverage (ΔFtree; %) from the two models were sensitive to the regional temperature and ecosystem structure, i.e., the mean annual temperature (MAT; °C) largely determined whether ΔFtreewas positive or negative, while the tree fractional coverage (Ftree; %) played a decisive role in the amplitude of ΔFtreearound the globe, and the dependence was more remarkable in IAP-DGVM. In cases with precipitation change,Ftreehad a uniformly positive relationship with precipitation, especially in the transition zones of forests (30% <Ftree< 60%) for IAP-DGVM and in semiarid and arid regions for CLM4-CNDV. Moreover, ΔFtreehad a stronger dependence onFtreethan on the mean annual precipitation (MAP; mm/year). It was also demonstrated that both models captured the fertilization effects of the CO2concentration.
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
Xiang
0000-0002-6039-6559
X
Song
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China; Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
Xiaodong
X
Zeng
CO2 concentration; climate change; dynamic global vegetation model; forest ecosystem; tree fractional coverage