Evaluation of the osteo-inductive potential of hollow three-dimensional magnesium-strontium substitutes for the bone grafting application.
Regeneration of bone defects is a clinical challenge that usually necessitates bone grafting materials. Limited bone supply and donor site morbidity limited the application of autografting, and improved biomaterials are needed to match the performance of autografts. Osteoinductive materials would be the perfect candidates for achieving this task. Strontium (Sr) is known to encourage bone formation and also prevent osteoporosis. Such twin requirements have motivated researchers to develop Sr-substituted biomaterials for orthopedic applications. The present study demonstrated a new concept of developing biodegradable and hollow three-dimensional magnesium-strontium (MgSr) devices for grafting with their clinical demands. The microstructure and performance of MgSr devices, in vitro degradation and biological properties including in vitro cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity were investigated. The results showed that our MgSr devices exhibited good cytocompatibility and osteogenic effect. To further investigate the underlying mechanisms, RT-PCR and Western Blotting assays were taken to analyze the expression level of osteogenesis-related genes and proteins, respectively. The results showed that our MgSr devices could both up-regulate the genes and proteins expression of the transcription factors of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osterix (OSX), as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteopontin (OPN), Collagen I (COL I) and Osteocalcin (OCN) significantly. Taken together, our innovation presented in this work demonstrated that the hollow three-dimensional MgSr substitutes had excellent biocompatibility and osteogenesis and could be potential candidates for bone grafting for future orthopedic applications.
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou military command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
Mei
M
Li
Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
Xuan
X
Yang
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Weidan
W
Wang
Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Lab of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou military command, Guangzhou 510010, China.
Yu
Y
Zhang
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. Electronic address: pwan@imr.ac.cn.
Peng
P
Wan
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
Ke
K
Yang
State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China. Electronic address: yonghan@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Yong
Y
Han
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000494:pharmacology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013324:Strontium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013499:Surface Properties
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium; D013324:Strontium