Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in elderly patients with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) improve outcomes in several populations of patients with heart failure (HF), but there has been no systematic review of MRAs in older patients.



Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of MRA treatment in elderly HF patients.



Trials were identified through a literature search until 24 January 2015.



Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of MRAs in patients with HF and/or left ventricular systolic dysfunction aged ≥65 years, with subgroup analysis of patients ≥65 years or with mean participant age ≥70 years.



Efficacy outcomes were mortality, hospitalisation for cardiovascular causes, symptom status or functional capacity. Safety outcomes were hyperkalaemia and renal dysfunction. Data were analysed using relative risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Relative risk ratios were pooled where more than three estimates were available.



Seven RCTs were included (total n = 8,638). Three RCTs in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HEFREF) reported overall benefit from MRA therapy with no significant treatment interaction for age; the effects of MRAs on mortality in patients ≥75 years displayed marked inter-study heterogeneity. In four RCTs of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HEFPEF), MRA treatment had no significant effect on any efficacy outcome.



MRAs improve clinical outcomes in selected cohorts of older patients with HEFREF but not HEFPEF. In patients ≥75 years with HEFREF, the effect of MRA treatment on overall mortality is uncertain. Further study is required in subgroups of elderly patients with both HEFREF and HEFPEF.
Medicine of the Elderly, Western General Hospital Ringgold Standard Institution, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Deepa
D
Japp
Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh Ringgold Standard Institution, Edinburgh, UK.
Anoop
A
Shah
Information Services, University of Edinburgh Ringgold Standard Institution, Edinburgh, UK.
Sheila
S
Fisken
Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Ringgold Standard Institution , Edinburgh, UK.
Martin
M
Denvir
Centre for Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh Ringgold Standard institution, Edinburgh, UK.
Susan
S
Shenkin
Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Ringgold Standard Institution , Edinburgh, UK.
Alan
A
Japp
D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists