The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in Health and Disease.
Gut microbes are capable of producing most neurotransmitters found in the human brain. Evidence is accumulating to support the view that gut microbes influence central neurochemistry and behavior. Irritable bowel syndrome is regarded as the prototypic disorder of the brain-gut-microbiota axis that can be responsive to probiotic therapy. Translational studies indicate that certain bacteria may have an impact on stress responses and cognitive functioning. Manipulating the gut microbiota with psychobiotics, prebiotics, or even antibiotics offers a novel approach to altering brain function and treating gut-brain axis disorders, such as depression and autism.
APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Electronic address: t.dinan@ucc.ie.
Timothy G
TG
Dinan
APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
John F
JF
Cryan
D000818:Animals; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000502:physiology; D000069196:Gastrointestinal Microbiome / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology; D056692:Prebiotics; D019936:Probiotics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology
D016207:Cytokines; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D056692:Prebiotics; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D014364:Tryptophan
GABA; Microbiota; Psychobiotics; Serotonin; Short-chain fatty acids; Vagus nerve