The Role of Exosomal VP40 in Ebola Virus Disease.
Ebola virus (EBOV) can cause a devastating hemorrhagic disease, leading to death in a short period of time. After infection, the resulting EBOV disease results in high levels of circulating cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, coagulopathy, and bystander lymphocyte apoptosis in humans and nonhuman primates. The VP40 matrix protein of EBOV is essential for viral assembly and budding from the host cell. Recent data have shown that VP40 exists in the extracellular environment, including in exosomes, and exosomal VP40 can impact the viability of recipient immune cells, including myeloid and T cells, through the regulation of the RNAi and endosomal sorting complexes required for transport pathways. In this study, we discuss the latest findings of the impact of exosomal VP40 on immune cells in vitro and its potential implications for pathogenesis in vivo.
1 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.
Michelle L
ML
Pleet
1 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.
Catherine
C
DeMarino
2 Ceres Nanosciences, Inc. , Manassas, Virginia.
Benjamin
B
Lepene
3 Integrated BioTherapeutics, Inc. , Gaithersburg, Maryland.
M Javad
MJ
Aman
1 Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University , Manassas, Virginia.
Fatah
F
Kashanchi
D017209:Apoptosis; D001692:Biological Transport; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D011992:Endosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D055354:Exosomes / Q000821:virology*; D019142:Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D034622:RNA Interference; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
C080981:VP40 protein, virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins
ESCRT; Ebola; RNAi; VP40; apoptosis; exosomes