Spanish adaptation of the 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice.
The VI European Guidelines for Cardiovascular Prevention recommend combining population and high-risk strategies with lifestyle changes as a cornerstone of prevention, and propose the SCORE function to quantify cardiovascular risk. The guidelines highlight disease specific interventions, and conditions as women, young people and ethnic minorities. Screening for subclinical atherosclerosis with noninvasive imaging techniques is not recommended. The guidelines distinguish four risk levels (very high, high, moderate and low) with therapeutic objectives for lipid control according to risk. Diabetes mellitus confers a high risk, except for subjects with type 2 diabetes with less than <10 years of evolution, without other risk factors or complications, or type 1 diabetes of short evolution without complications. The decision to start pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension will depend on the blood pressure level and the cardiovascular risk, taking into account the lesion of target organs. The guidelines don't recommend antiplatelet drugs in primary prevention because of the increased bleeding risk. The low adherence to the medication requires simplified therapeutic regimes and to identify and combat its causes. The guidelines highlight the responsibility of health professionals to take an active role in advocating evidence-based interventions at the population level, and propose effective interventions, at individual and population level, to promote a healthy diet, the practice of physical activity, the cessation of smoking and the protection against alcohol abuse.
Escuela Nacional de Sanidad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España. Electronic address: mroyo@isciii.es.
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MÁ
Royo-Bordonada
Sociedad Española de Hipertensión-Liga Española de la Lucha Contra la HTA.
P
P
Armario
Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria.
J M
JM
Lobos Bejarano
Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis.
J
J
Pedro-Botet
Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis.
F
F
Villar Alvarez
Sociedad Española de Epidemiología.
R
R
Elosua
Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria.
C
C
Brotons Cuixart
Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria.
O
O
Cortés
Sociedad Española de Medicina y Seguridad en el Trabajo.
B
B
Serrano
Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna.
M
M
Camafort Babkowski
Sociedad Española de Neurología.
A
A
Gil Núñez
Sociedad Española de Diabetes.
A
A
Pérez
Sociedad Española de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria.
A
A
Maiques
Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria-Semergen.
A
A
de Santiago Nocito
Sociedad Española de Cardiología.
A
A
Castro
Sociedad Española de Cardiología.
E
E
Alegría
Sociedad Española de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular.
C
C
Baeza
Federación de Asociaciones de Enfermería Comunitaria y Atención Primaria.
M
M
Herranz
Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria.
S
S
Sans
Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Madrid, España.
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P
Campos
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005060:Europe; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D055118:Medication Adherence; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D024382:Professional Role; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain
Alcohol drinking; Cardiovascular diseases; Cholesterol; Colesterol; Consumo de alcohol; Diabetes mellitus; Enfermedades cardiovasculares; Grasas trans; Guías de práctica clínica; Hipertensión arterial; Hypertension; Practice Guidelines [Publication Type]; Prevención y control; Prevention and control; Tabaco; Tobacco; Trans fatty acids