Sex Bias Is Increasingly Prevalent in Preclinical Cardiovascular Research: Implications for Translational Medicine and Health Equity for Women: A Systematic Assessment of Leading Cardiovascular Journals Over a 10-Year Period.
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
F Daniel
FD
Ramirez
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Pouya
P
Motazedian
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Richard G
RG
Jung
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Pietro
P
Di Santo
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Zachary
Z
MacDonald
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Trevor
T
Simard
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Aisling A
AA
Clancy
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Juan J
JJ
Russo
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
Vivian
V
Welch
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.).
George A
GA
Wells
From Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (F.D.R., P.D.S., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); CAPITAL Research Group, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., P.M., R.G.J., P.D.S., Z.M., T.S., J.J.R., B.H.); School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (F.D.R., V.W., G.A.W.); Vascular Biology and Experimental Medicine Laboratory, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (R.G.J., T.S., B.H.); Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (A.A.C.); Bruyère Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); Centre for Global Health, University of Ottawa, ONT, Canada (V.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ONT, Canada (G.A.W.). bhibbert@ottawaheart.ca.
Benjamin
B
Hibbert
D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases; D005260:Female; D000069576:Health Equity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D063507:Sexism; D057170:Translational Research, Biomedical
bias (epidemiology); cardiovascular diseases; publications; research; sex