Intratumoral heterogeneity of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
No personalized therapy regimens could demonstrate a benefit in survival of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Since genetic heterogeneity might influence single biopsy based targeted therapy or the outcome of clinical trials, aim of the present study was to investigate intratumoral heterogeneity of iCCA by whole exome sequencing. Therefore, samples from tumor center and tumor periphery of large iCCA lesions as well as a control from healthy liver tissue were obtained from four patients and whole exome sequencing was performed. Mutations that occurred only in the tumor center or periphery were defined as private, whereas mutations present in both samples were regarded as common. A mean of 3 non-synonymous private mutations (range 0-14) per sample compared to 33,3 common mutations per sample (range 24-41) was identified. Mean percentage of non-synonymous private mutations per sample was 12% (range 0-58). In all samples of patient 1-3 as well as the central sample of patient 4 ≤ 10% private mutations were found, whereas 58% of private mutations were identified in the peripheral sample of patient 4. In this sample a private mutation in the DNA mismatch repair protein MSH6 could be identified most likely causing the high amount of private mutations. No substantial intratumoral heterogeneity was found in copy number variation analysis. In conclusion, iCCA show a small but distinct intratumoral heterogeneity. Somatic mutations in mismatch repair proteins might contribute significantly to increased spatial tumor burden and thereby may influence clinical management.
Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.|Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Dirk
D
Walter
Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Claudia
C
Döring
CeGaT GmbH, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Magdalena
M
Feldhahn
CeGaT GmbH, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
Florian
F
Battke
Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Sylvia
S
Hartmann
Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Ria
R
Winkelmann
Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Markus
M
Schneider
Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Katrin
K
Bankov
Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Andreas
A
Schnitzbauer
Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Stefan
S
Zeuzem
Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Martin Leo
ML
Hansmann
Department of Internal Medicine I, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.|Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.|Department for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Robert-Bosch Hospital, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
Jan
J
Peveling-Oberhag
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D056915:DNA Copy Number Variations / Q000235:genetics; D059472:Exome / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D059014:High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor
MSH6; cholangiocarcinoma; exome sequencing; intratumoral heterogeneity; microsatellite instability