Phenolic composition and medicinal usage ofPsidium guajavaLinn.: Antifungal activity or inhibition of virulence?
Psidium guajavais a Myrtaceae plant whose medicinal properties are recognized in several locations. The use of teas and tinctures prepared from their leaves has been used to combat infections caused by fungi of the genusCandida. In this study, aqueous extracts of leaves and hydroethanolic were tested to verify the antifungal potential and its chemical composition has been investigated. The microbiological assays were performed by broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and from these the minimum fungicidal concentration was performed (MFC) by subculturing on solid media. A cell viability curve was obtained for demonstration of inhibition of fungal growth of strains ofCandida albicansandCandida tropicalis. Tests to check morphological changes by the action of the extracts were performed in microcultive cameras depleted environment at concentrations of MIC/2, MIC and MIC × 2. Extracts analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography demonstrated flavonoids and phenolic acids. The extracts showed fungistatic effect and no fungicide with MIC >8192 μg/mL, MFC above 8192 μg/mL. The IC50was calculated ranging from 1803.02 to 5623.41 μg/mL. It has been found that the extracts affect the morphological transition capability, preventing the formation of pseudohyphae and hyphae. Teas and tinctures, therefore, have the potential antifungal, by direct contact, causing inhibition of fungal multiplication and its virulence factor, the cell dimorphism, preventing tissue invasion. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biochemical pathways and genes assets involved in these processes.
Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Maria F B
MF
Morais-Braga
Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Joara N P
JN
Carneiro
Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Antonio J T
AJ
Machado
Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Débora L
DL
Sales
Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Antonia T L
AT
Dos Santos
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil.
Aline A
AA
Boligon
Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do sul, Brazil.
Margareth L
ML
Athayde
Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Irwin R A
IR
Menezes
ESAM, Federal University of the Semi Arid, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
Djair S L
DS
Souza
Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
José G M
JG
Costa
Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
Henrique D M
HD
Coutinho
Fungistatic effect; Inhibition of dimorphism; Tea; Tincture