Early childhood otitis media and later school performance - A prospective cohort study of associations.
BACKGROUND
Otitis media (OM) is a common disease in childhood and hearing loss (HL) is the most common complication. Prolonged HL may lead to language delay and cognitive difficulties. However, the consequences of HL due to OM are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the possible association between number of OM episodes in childhood and self-rated school performance controlling for potential confounders.


METHODS
Prospectively gathered systematic interview data on OM episodes in early childhood and school performance at 11 years of age were obtained from The Danish National Birth Cohort, involving >100,000 individual pregnancies and their offspring. We defined four exposure groups (0, 1-3, 4-6 and ≥7 OM episodes) and assessed general school performance, mathematics and literacy. Possible confounders were recognized à priori and associations were determined using proportional odds regression.


RESULTS
Out of 94,745 successful pregnancies, 35,946 children without malformations and their parents completed a questionnaire at age 11 years. No associations were observed between number of OM episodes and school performance, even in children with ≥7 OM episodes.


CONCLUSIONS
This national birth-cohort study did not support the hypothesis that the number of OM episodes in childhood is associated with reduced self-reported school performance in children at 11 years of age.
University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Denmark. Electronic address: vnfougner@gmail.com.
Vincent
V
Fougner
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Asbjørn
A
Kørvel-Hanquist
Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Anders
A
Koch
University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychology, Denmark.
Jesper
J
Dammeyer
University of Copenhagen, Department of Psychology, Denmark; Center for Collaborative Health, Aarhus University, Denmark.
Janni
J
Niclasen
Research Unit for General Practice, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark.
Jørgen
J
Lous
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.
Preben
P
Homøe
D000124:Achievement; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D034381:Hearing Loss; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders; D000067010:Literacy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010290:Parents; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
Cognitive development; Cohort study; Literacy; Mathematics; Otitis media; School performance