Taxonomic revision and molecular phylogenetics of theIdarnes incertusspecies-group (Hymenoptera, Agaonidae, Sycophaginae).
Sycophaginae is a group of non-pollinating fig wasps considered closely related to the fig pollinators (Agaoninae, Tetrapusiinae, and Kradibiinae) in the most recent phylogenetic analyses. They occur in all tropical regions and are associated withFicussubgeneraUrostigmaandSycomorus. There are six described genera of Sycophaginae, and two are native and confined to the Neotropics, namelyIdarnesWalker, 1843 andAnidarnesBouček, 1993. GenusIdarnesis divided into three morphologically distinct groups that were proven to be monophyletic by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses. In this paper we reviewed theIdarnes incertusspecies-group and provide detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations for the species belonging to this group. Three previously described species were redescribed:I. brasiliensis(Mayr, 1906)comb. nov.,I. hansoniBouček, 1993, andI. incertus(Ashmead, 1900). Seventeen new species are described by Farache and Rasplus:I. amacayacuensissp. n.,I. amazonicussp. n.,I. americanaesp. n.,I. badiovertexsp. n.,I. brevissp. n.,I. brunneussp. n.,I. comptonisp. n.,I. cremersiaesp. n.,I. dimorphicussp. n.,I. flavicrussp. n.,I. flaviventrissp. n.,I. gibberosussp. n.,I. gordhisp. n.,I. maximussp. n.,I. nigriventrissp. n.,I. pseudoflavussp. n.andI. ramirezisp. n.We provided keys for the identification of the species as well as for recognising the different species-groups ofIdarnesand a closely related genus (SycophagaWestwood, 1840). Additionally, phylogenetic relationships among 13 species of theI. incertusspecies-group were inferred using four molecular markers and discussed in the light ofFicustaxonomy and host specificity.
Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil.
Fernando H A
FH
Farache
INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations , Montferrier-sur-Lez , France.
Astrid
A
Cruaud
INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations , Montferrier-sur-Lez , France.
Gwenaëlle
G
Genson
INRA, UMR 1062 CBGP, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations , Montferrier-sur-Lez , France.
Jean-Yves
JY
Rasplus
Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , SP , Brazil.
Rodrigo A S
RA
Pereira
Chalcidoidea; Ficus; Fig wasp; Gall maker; Neotropic; Taxonomy