Urine and Serum Metabolomics Analyses May Distinguish between Stages of Renal Cell Carcinoma.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous disease that is usually asymptomatic until late in the disease. There is an urgent need for RCC specific biomarkers that may be exploited clinically for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Preoperative fasting urine and serum samples were collected from patients with clinical renal masses and assessed with ¹H NMR and GCMS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis. Alterations in levels of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates were detected in RCC relative to benign masses. Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis plots discriminated between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.46, Q2 = 0.28; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.58, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.87) for ¹H NMR-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT1 (R2 = 0.50, Q2 = 0.37; AUC = 0.83), benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.72, Q2 = 0.68, AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. Separation was observed between benign vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.63, Q2 = 0.48; AUC = 0.93), pT1 vs. pT3 (R2 = 0.70, Q2 = 0.54) for GCMS-analyzed serum and between benign vs. pT3 (R2Y = 0.87; Q2 = 0.70; AUC = 0.98) for urine samples. This pilot study suggests that urine and serum metabolomics may be useful in differentiating benign renal tumors from RCC and for staging RCC.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, AB, Canada. osmeduna@ucalgary.ca.
Oluyemi S
OS
Falegan
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA. mark.ball@jhmi.edu.
Mark W
MW
Ball
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, AB, Canada. rousha704@gmail.com.
Rustem A
RA
Shaykhutdinov
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA. philpierorazio@gmail.com.
Phillip M
PM
Pieroraio
Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. farshidf@ucalgary.ca.
Farshad
F
Farshidfar
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N1N4, AB, Canada. vogel@ucalgary.ca.
Hans J
HJ
Vogel
James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore 21287, MD, USA. mallaf@jhmi.edu.
Mohamad E
ME
Allaf
Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 4N1, AB, Canada. erichyndman@shaw.ca.|Prostate Cancer Centre, Rockyview Hospital, Calgary T2V 1P9, AB, Canada. erichyndman@shaw.ca.
Matthew E
ME
Hyndman
malignancy; metabolomics; renal cell carcinoma; renal lesions