Development of a Novel Simulation Reactor for Chronic Exposure to Atmospheric Particulate Matter.
Epidemiological studies have shown that air pollution is associated with the morbidity and mortality from cardiopulmonary diseases. Currently, limited experimental models are available to evaluate the physiological and cellular pathways activated by chronic multi-pollutant exposures. This manuscript describes an atmospheric simulation reactor (ASR) that was developed to investigate the health effects of air pollutants by permitting controlled chronic in vivo exposure of mice to combined particulate and gaseous pollutants. BALB/c mice were exposed for 1 hr/day for 3 consecutive days to secondary organic aerosol (SOA, a common particulate air pollutant) at 10-150 μg/m3, SOA (30 μg/m3) + ozone (65 ppb) or SOA + ozone (65 ppb) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2; 100 ppb). Daily exposure to SOA alone led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine with increasing SOA concentrations. Multi-pollutant exposure with ozone and/or NO2in conjunction with a sub-toxic concentration of SOA resulted in additive effects on AHR to methacholine. Inflammatory cell recruitment to the airways was not observed in any of the exposure conditions. The ASR developed in this study allows us to evaluate the chronic health effects of relevant multi-pollutant exposures at 'real-life' levels under controlled conditions and permits repeated-exposure studies.
Department of Chemical Engineering &Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
Jianhuai
J
Ye
Division of Respirology and Multi-Organ Transplantation Programme, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada.
Sepehr
S
Salehi
Department of Chemical Engineering &Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
Michelle L
ML
North
Department of Chemical Engineering &Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
Anjelica M
AM
Portelli
Department of Chemical Engineering &Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.|Division of Respirology and Multi-Organ Transplantation Programme, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Canada.|Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada.
Chung-Wai
CW
Chow
Department of Chemical Engineering &Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada.
Arthur W H
AW
Chan
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide; D010126:Ozone; D052638:Particulate Matter / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D052638:Particulate Matter; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010126:Ozone; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide